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B mn chuyn giao cng ngh

Khoa Qun Tr Kinh Doanh

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I. Khi qut chung......................................................................................................2
1.1 Khi nim v cht thi v phn loi cht thi.........................................................................2 1.1.1 Khi nim cht thi..........................................................................................................2 1.1.2. Phn loi cht thi...........................................................................................................3 1.1.2.1. Phn loi cht thi theo ngun gc pht sinh..........................................................3 1.1.2.2. Phn loi theo trng thi cht thi...........................................................................3 1.1.2.3. Phn loi theo tnh cht nguy hi.............................................................................3 1.2. Khi nim v x l cht thi..................................................................................................4 1.3. Cc phng php x l cht thi rn th...........................................................................4 1.3.1. Phmg php chn lp...................................................................................................4 1.3.2. Gii php x l rc ln men sn xut phn hu c......................................................5 1.3.3. t rc sinh hot.............................................................................................................6 1.3.4. Mt s gii php khc ....................................................................................................6 1.3.4.1. Phng php x l rc bng cng ngh Hydromex ..............................................6 1.3.4.2. Cng ngh p kin v cch ly rc............................................................................7

II. Mt s cng ngh x l rc thi sinh hot lm phn bn trn th gii ................7
2.1.. Cng ngh x l rc thi sinh hot lm phn bn hu c M...........................................7 2.2. Cng ngh x l rc thi sinh hot ca M- Canada.............................................................8 2.3. Cng ngh x l rc lm phn bn ca c..........................................................................9 2.4. Cng ngh x l rc ca Trung Quc..................................................................................10

III. Tm hiu mt s cng ngh x l rc thi sinh hot lm phn bn m Vit Nam ang p dng............................................................................................................11
3.1. Cng ngh dano system.......................................................................................................11 3.2. X l rc thi bng cng ngh mi Seraphin......................................................................12 3.3. Cng ngh x l rc thi sinh hot nh my phn hu c Cu Din...............................14 3.4. Cng ngh x l rc thi sinh hot ca nh my ch bin ph thi Vit Tr.......................18

Trng i Hc Ngoi Thng H Ni

B mn chuyn giao cng ngh I. Khi qut chung

Khoa Qun Tr Kinh Doanh

1.1 Khi nim v cht thi v phn loi cht thi. 1.1.1 Khi nim cht thi. Cht thi l sn phm c pht sinh ra trong qu trnh sinh hot ca con ngi, sn xut cng nghip, nng nghip, thng mi, du lch, giao thng, sinh hot ti cc gia nh, trng hc, cc khu dn c, nh hng, khch sn. Ngoi ra cn pht sinh ra trong giao thng vn ti nh kh thi ca cc phng tn giao thng ng b, ng thu... Cht thi l kim loi, ho cht v t cc loi vt liu khc.
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Ph thi ca sn xut cng nghip c th l nguyn liu phc v cho cc nghnh cng nhip khc nh ho du phc v lm ng giao thng, lm ra cc sn phm tiu dng.

Ph thi nng thn sinh ra trong qu trnh chn nui, trng trt. Ph thi sinh ra trong qu trnh sn xut thc phm c dng lm nguyn liu cho mt s ngnh khc nh ph thi nh my bia, ru dng cho chn nui. Tm li, cc cht thi sinh ra c loi phi loi b trnh lm nh hng mi trng, c cht thi dng c cho cc ngnh cng nghip khc( phi thng qua qu trnh ti ch cc sn phm cho x hi theo hng pht trin bn vng)

Kim loi nng: cc cht thi sinh ra trong qu trnh sn xut cng nghip c thnh phn As( asen), Pb( ch), Hg( thu ngn), Cd( cadimi)...l mm mng gy bnh ung th cho con ngi.

Cc cht phng x: cc ph thi c cht phng x sinh ra trong a trnh x l ging cy trng, bo qun thc phm, khai khong, nng lng...

- Qu trnh sinh trng thi ra phn (cung cp phn bn phc v cy trng, lm kh gas sinh hot). - Da (nguyn liu thuc da dung trong i sng sinh hot). - Tht (lm thc n, nguyn liu cng nghip thc phm). Trng i Hc Ngoi Thng H Ni
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B mn chuyn giao cng ngh Khoa Qun Tr Kinh Doanh - Xng, sng (nguyn liu cho m ngh, thc n cho gia sc). Do , trong qu trnh x l cht thi phi nm vng vic phn loi cht thi a ra cc gii php cng ngh x l cht thi lm nguyn liu cho cc ngnh sn xut khc. X l trit v kim sot cht ch cc sn phm x l khng gy nh hng mi trng (cht thi bnh vin, ho du ) 1.1.2. Phn loi cht thi 1.1.2.1. Phn loi cht thi theo ngun gc pht sinh - Cht thi sinh hot: pht sinh hng ngy cc th, lng mc, khu du lch, nh ga, trng hc, cng vin - Cht thi cng nghip: pht sinh trong qu trnh sn xut cng nghip nng, cng nghip nh (nhiu thnh phn phc tp, a dng trong ch yu cc dng rn, lng, kh) - Cht thi nng nghip: sinh ra trong qu trnh trng trt, chn nui, ch bin nng sn trc v sau thu hoch 1.1.2.2. Phn loi theo trng thi cht thi - Cht thi trng thi rn: bao gm cht thi sinh hot, cht thi nh my ch my, xy dng (kim loi, da, ho cht sn, nha, thu tinh, vt liu xy dng ) - Cht thi trng thi lng: phn bn b pht, nc thi t nh my lc du, ru bia, nc nh my sn xut giy v v sinh cng nghip - Cht thi trng thi kh: bao gm kh thi cc ng c t trong my ng lc, giao thong: t, my ko, tu ho, nh my nhit in, sn xut vt liu 1.1.2.3. Phn loi theo tnh cht nguy hi - Vt phm nguy hi sinh ra ti cc bnh vin trong qu trnh iu tr ngi bnh (cc loi vt phm gy bnh thong thng c x l ch nhit cao, t 1.150oC tr ln; c bit c loi vi sinh vt gy bnh ch b tiu dit khi nhit x l ln ti 3.000oC )

Trng i Hc Ngoi Thng H Ni

B mn chuyn giao cng ngh Khoa Qun Tr Kinh Doanh - Kim loi nng: cc cht thi sinh ra trong qu trnh sn xut cng nghip c thnh phn As (asen), Pb (ch), Hg (thy ngn), Cd (cadimi) l mm mng gy bnh ung th cho ngi. - Cc cht phng x: cc ph thi c cht phng x sinh ra qua qu trnh x l ging cy trng, bo qun thc phm, khai khong, nng lng 1.2. Khi nim v x l cht thi. X l cht thi l dng cc bin php k thut x l cc cht thi v khng lm nh hng n mi trng; ti to li cc sn phm c li ch cho x hi nhm pht huy hiu qu kinh t. X l cht thi l mt cng tc quyt nh n cht lng bo v mi trng. Hin nay, nhim mi trng v suy thoi v mi trng l ni lo ca nhn loi: mi trng t b hu hoi, mi trng nc b nhim, c bit mi trng khng kh b nhim nng, nht l cc thnh ph ln tp trung ng dn c, ti nguyn mi trng cn kit. 1.3. Cc phng php x l cht thi rn th. 1.3.1. Phmg php chn lp. Phng php truyn thng n gin nht l chn lp rc. Phng php ny chi ph thp v c p dng ph bin cc nc ang pht trin. Vic chn lp c thc hin bng cch dng xe chuyn dng ch rc ti cc bi xy dng trc. Sau khi rc c xung, xe i san bng, m nn trn b mt v ln mt lp t. Hng ngy phun thuc dit rui v rc bt vi... Theo thi gian, s phn hu vi sinh vt lm cho rc tr nn ti xp v th tch ca rc gim xung. Vic rc li tip tc cho n khi bi rc y th chuyn sang bi mi. Hin nay, vic chn lp rc thi sinh hot v rc thi hu c vn c s dng cc nc ang pht trin nhng phi tun th cc quy nh v bo v mi trng mt cch nghim ngt. Vic chn lp rc thi c xu hng gim dn, tin ti chm dt cc nc ang pht trin. Cc bi chn lp rc phi cch xa khu dn c, khng gn ngun nc mt v nc ngm. y ca bi rc nm trn tng y st Trng i Hc Ngoi Thng H Ni
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B mn chuyn giao cng ngh Khoa Qun Tr Kinh Doanh hoc c ph cc lp chng thm bng mng a cht, cc bi chn lp rc cn phi thit k khu thu gom v x l nc rc trc khi thi ra mi trng. Vit thu kh gas bin i thnh nng lng l mt trong nhng kh nng v mt phn kinh ph u t cho bi rc c th thu hi li.
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u im ca phng php ny:


Cng ngh n gin, r v ph hp vi nhiu loi rc thi. Chi ph cho cc bi chn lp thp Chim din tch t tng i ln. Khng c s ng tnh ca khu dn c xung quanh. Tm kim xy dng bi rc mi l vic lm kh khn. Nguy c dn n nhim mi trng nc, kh, chy, n.

Nhc im ca phng php ny:


1.3.2. Gii php x l rc ln men sn xut phn hu c. Sn xut phn bn hu c t rc thi hu c l mt phng php truyn thng, c p dng ph bin cc quc gia pht trin v Vit Nam phng php ny c p dng rt c hiu qu. Vic rc sinh hot vi thnh phn ch yu l cc cht hu c c th phn hu c, nht l c th tin hnh quy m h gia nh. Cng ngh rc lm phn l mt qu trnh phn gii phc tp gluxit, lipit v protein do hng lot cc vi sinh vt him kh v k kh m nhim. Cc iu kin Ph, m, thong kh( i vi vi khun him kh) cng ti u th vi sinh vt cng hot ng mnh v qu trnh phn cng kt thc nhanh. Tu theo cng ngh m vi khun k kh hoc him kh s chim u th trong ng . Cng ngh c th l ng tnh thong kh cng bc, lung c o nh k hoc va thi kh va o. X l rc lm phn hu c l bin php x l rc rt c hiu qu sn phm phn hu, c th kt hp tt vi phn ngi hoc phn gia sc( i khi c than bn) cho ta phn hu c c hm lng dinh dng cao, to ti xp, rt tt cho ci to t. Trng i Hc Ngoi Thng H Ni
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B mn chuyn giao cng ngh Khoa Qun Tr Kinh Doanh 1.3.3. t rc sinh hot. X l rc bng phng php t l lm gim ti thiu cht thi cho khu x l cui cng. Nu s dng cng ngh tin tin cn c ngha cao bo v mi trng th y l phng php x l rc tn km nht so vi phng php chn lp rc hp v sinh, chi ph t mt tn rc cao hn khong 10 ln. Cng ngh t rc thng s dng cc quc gia pht trin v phi c mt nn kinh t mnh bao cp cho vic thu t rc sinh hot nh l mt dch v phc li x hi ca ton cu. Tuy nhin, vic thu t rc sinh hot bao gm nhiu cht thi khc nhau sinh khi c v sinh ra khi c ioxin nu khng gii quyt tt vic x l khi ( x l khi l phn t nht trong cng ngh t rc) Nng lng pht sinh c th tn dng cho cc l hi, l si hoc cho ngnh cng nghip nhit v pht in. Mi l t phi c trang b mt h thng x l kh thi tn km, nhm khng ch nhim khng kh do qu trnh t gy ra. Hin nay, ti ccs n chu u c xu hng gim vic t rc thi v hng lot cc vn kinh t cng nh mi trng cn phi gii quyt. Vic thu t rc thi thng ch p dng cho vic x l rc thi c hi nh rc thi bnh vin hoc rc thi bnh vin hoc rc thi cng ngip v cc phng pcp x l khc khng x l trit c . 1.3.4. Mt s gii php khc 1.3.4.1. Phng php x l rc bng cng ngh Hydromex y l mt cng ngh mi, ln u tin c p dng ti M. Cng ngh

Hydromex nhm x l rc th ( k c rc c hi ) thnh cc sn phm phc v nghnh xy dng,vt liu,nng lng v sn phm dng trong nng nghip hu ch. Bn cht ca cng ngh Hydromex l nghin rcc nh sau polime ho v s dng p l ln p nn, nh hnh cc sn phm. Rc thi c thu gom (rc hn hp, k c rc cng knh) c chuyn v nh my, khng cn phn loi v a vo my ct nghin nh, sau a n cc thit b trn bng bng ti. Cht thi lng pha trn trong bn phn ng, cc phn ng Trng i Hc Ngoi Thng H Ni
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B mn chuyn giao cng ngh Khoa Qun Tr Kinh Doanh trung ho v kh c thc hin trong bn. Sau , cht thi lng t bn phn ng c bm vo cc thit b trn: cht lng v rc thi kt dnh vi nhau hn sau khi cho thm thnh phn polime ho vo. Sn phm dng bt t c chuyn n my khun cho ra sn phm mi. Cc sn phm ny bn, an ton v mt mi trng. 1.3.4.2. Cng ngh p kin v cch ly rc Phong php p kin c thc hin trn c s ton b rc thi c tp trung thu gom vo nh my. Rc rc c phn lo bng th cng trn bng ti, cc cht tr c th tn dng ti ch: kim loi, nylon, giy, thu tinh, pltic... c thu hi ti ch. Nhng cht cn li c bng ti chuyn qua h thng p nn rc bng thu lc vi mc ch lm gim ti a th tch rc. Cc kin rc p ny c s dng vo vic p cc b chn hoc san lp nhng vng t trng sau ph ln cc lp t ct. Trn din tch ny, c th s dng lm mt bng xy dng cng vin, vn hoa, v cc cng trnh xy dng nh v mc ch chnh l lm gim ti a khu vc x l rc. Trong phn ny c gii thiu cng ngh mt s nc trn th gii v Vit Nam: - Cng ngh M - Cng ngh M - Canada. - Cng ngh c - Cng ngh Trung Quc - Cng ngh Dano System. - Cng ngh Nh my phn h c Cu Din, H Ni. - Cng ngh nh my Vit Tr, Ph Th. II. Mt s cng ngh x l rc thi sinh hot lm phn bn trn th gii 2.1.. Cng ngh x l rc thi sinh hot lm phn bn hu c M. A, Nguyn l hot ng Trng i Hc Ngoi Thng H Ni
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B mn chuyn giao cng ngh Khoa Qun Tr Kinh Doanh M, mt trong nhng cng ngh ph bin cc nh my x l rc thi l p dng x l rc thi trong nhng thit b kn nhng khng thi kh. Phng php k kh ny tun th theo cc trnh t sau: Rc c tip nhn v tin hnh phn loi, cc cht h c c a vo cc thit b kn di dng cc l kn c phi hp cc chng loi men vi sinh vt kh mi, thc y qu trnh ln men, sau c a ra sy kh, nghin v ng bao. B, u. nhc im

u im X l trit bo v c mi trng. Thu hi phn bn (c tc dng ci to t). Cung cp c nguyn vt liu cho cc ngnh cng nghip. Khng mt kinh ph x l rc. Nhc im i hi kinh ph u t ln, kinh ph duy tr cao. Cht lng phn bn thu hi khng cao. Cng ngh phc tp (phi qua sy), khng ph hp vi kh hu Vit Nam. Khng ph hp vi rc Vit Nam v cha c phn loi u ngun. Sau khi nghin cn ln cc tp cht v c dn n hng cc thit b my nghin. Cc kim loi c cng km c nghin s nh hng n cht lng phn bn, hu hoi mi trng t, nc ngm.

2.2. Cng ngh x l rc thi sinh hot ca M- Canada. A, Ni dung cng ngh cc vng ca M - Canada c kh hu n i thng p dng phng php x l nh sau: Rc c tip nhn v tin hnh phn loi (loi b tp cht khng phi hu c), cc cht thi hu c c nghin, b sung vi sinh vt, trn vi bn v nh lung ngoi tri. Ph thi c ln men t 8-10 tun. Sau qua sang (phn loi h c) v ch bin ng bao. Trng i Hc Ngoi Thng H Ni
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B mn chuyn giao cng ngh B, u, nhc im


Khoa Qun Tr Kinh Doanh

u im Thu hi phn bn. Tn dng c ngun bn l cc cht thi ca thnh ph hoc bn ao. Cung cp c nguyn vt liu ti ch cho cc ngnh cng nghip. Kinh ph: u t, duy tr thp. Nhc im Hiu qu phn hu hu c khng cao. Cht lng phn bn thu hi khng cao v c ln cc thnh phn kim loi nng trong bn thi hoc bn ao. Khng ph hp vi iu kin nhit i Vit Nam (pht sinh nc rc) khng m bo mi trng, gy mi, nh hng ti tng nc ngm. Din tch t s dng qu ln.

2.3. Cng ngh x l rc lm phn bn ca c. A, Ni dung cng ngh c, mt trong nhng cng ngh ph bin ca cc nh my x l rc thi l p dng phng php x l rc thi thu hi kh sinh hc v phn bn hu c sinh hc. Rc c tip nhn v tin hnh phn loi, cc cht thi hu c c a vo thit b kn di dng cc thng chu p lc bng thit b thu hi khi trong qu trnh ln men phn gi hu c, kh nng thu hi khi trong qu trnh ln men phn gii cht hu c, kh nng thu hi c l 64% l kh CH4 (trong qu trnh ln men). Kh qua lc v c s dng vo vic hu ch nh: nng lng chy my pht in, cht t...Phn b cn li sau khi ln men c vt kh, tn dng lm phn bn. B, u, nhc im

u im X l trit m bo mi trng.
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Trng i Hc Ngoi Thng H Ni

B mn chuyn giao cng ngh Khoa Qun Tr Kinh Doanh Thu hi c sn phm kh t c gi tr cao, phc v cho cc ngnh cng nghip khu ln cn cc nh my.

Thu hi phn bn (c tc dng c to t). Cung cp nguyn vt liu ti ch cho cc ngnh cng nghip. Nhc im i hi kinh nghim u t ln, kinh ph duy tr cao. Sn phm kh t cn phi phn loi, m bo khng ln cc tp cht c ho hc nh: Pb, Hg, , Cd...... m bo cho vic s dng cht t. Cht lng phn bn thu hi khng cao.

2.4. Cng ngh x l rc ca Trung Quc. A, Ni dung cng ngh Trung Quc, mt trong nhng cng ngh ph bin ca cc nh my x l rc thi nh Bc Kinh, Nam Ninh, Thng Hi.... la` p dng phng php x l rc thi trong thit b kn. Rc c tip nhn, a vo thit b kn (phn ln l hm ) sau 10-12 ngy, hm lng H2S, CH2,SO2... gim, c da ra ngoi chin. Sau mi tin hnh phn loi, ch bin thnh phn bn hu c. B, u, nhc im

u im Rc c ngay sau 10-12 ngy, gim ni ca H2S mi a ra ngoi, phn loi c u im gim nh c hi vi ngi lao ng. Thu hi c nc rc, khng gy nh hng cho tng nc ngm. Thu hi c sn phm ti ch. Vt v c khi a i chn lp khng gy ni v nh hng ti tng nc ngm v c oxi ho trong hm . Thu hi c thnh phm phn bn. Nhc im Cht lng phn bn cha c trit v cc vi sinh vt gy bnh. T l thnh phn thu hi khng cao.
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Trng i Hc Ngoi Thng H Ni

B mn chuyn giao cng ngh Thao tc vn hnh phc tp.

Khoa Qun Tr Kinh Doanh

Din tch hm rt ln v khng c phn loi dn n din tch xy dng nh my ln. Kinh ph u t ban u ln.

III. Tm hiu mt s cng ngh x l rc thi sinh hot lm phn bn m Vit Nam ang p dng. Rc thi sinh hot l vn nhc nhi i vi ton x hi, nht l trong qu trnh th ho, cng nghip ho ang din ra nhanh chng nh hin nay. cc th ln ca Vit Nam, rc thi v ang gy nhim mi trng, ngun nc trm trng. T trc n nay, nc ta, rc thi ch yu c x l theo hnh thc chn lp hay tp kt vo nhng bi rc l thin. Vic lm ny gy nh hng khng nh n mi trng sng xung quanh bi rc, din tch t nng nghip ca b con nng dn cng b thu hp.Trc thc t ny, nhiu doanh nghip trong v ngoi nc nghin cu v p dng khoa hc, cng ngh vo x l rc thi thnh nhng sn phm c ch cho cuc sng. Sau y chng ta s ln lt tm hiu mt s cng ngh x l rc thi ang c p dng ti Vit Nam. 3.1. Cng ngh dano system A, Ni dung cng ngh y l quy trnh cng ngh hiu kh kiu Dano System s dng ng sinh ho quay c Chnh ph Vng quc an Mch vic tr xy dng a vo hot ng nm 1981 ti Hc Mn( TP. H Ch Minh). Cng sut ca nh my 240 tn rc/ ngy, sn xut c 25.000 tn phn hu c/ nm. Ton b quy trnh cng ngh c th hin trn s . Hin nay nh my Hc Mn ang s dng cc cht thi hu c c x l bi rc khai thc, qua sng th cng v ch bin phn bn. B, u, nhc im.
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u im:
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Trng i Hc Ngoi Thng H Ni

B mn chuyn giao cng ngh Khoa Qun Tr Kinh Doanh Rc c ln men rt u, qu trnh c o trn lin tc trong ng sinh ho, cc vi sinh vt hiu kh c cung cp kh v m nn pht trin rt nhanh.

Nng sut cao( 240 tn/ ngy) Nhc im. My mc nng n, kh ch to trong nc, c bit l cc h thng my nghin, xch bng ti v cc vng bi ln. Tiu th in nng rt ln, cng sut tiu th in ca nh my l 670 Kw v t gi thnh sn phm cao. Cht lng sn phm th, khng ph hp vi nn nng nghip Vit Nam, ch ph hp vi cc nc c nn nng nghip tin tin canh tc bng my..

3.2. X l rc thi bng cng ngh mi Seraphin y l cng ngh x l rc thi u tin Vit Nam do ngi Vit Nam nghin cu ch to v lp rp dy chuyn sn xut, nhm ti ch rc thi sinh hot thnh nhng sn phm c ch cho i sng , c kh nng ti ch ti 90% lng rc thi gm c rc v c v hu c. Rc thi sinh hot c x l ngay trong ngy nn gim c din tch chn lp rc, tit kim c t ai. Mc u t cho nh my s dng cng ngh Saraphin thp (ch bng 30 - 40% so vi dy chuyn nhp khu). Cng ngh ny c Cc s hu tr tu Vit Nam cp bng c quyn sng ch. Mt u im na ca vic p dng cng ngh Seraphin vo x l rc thi l do c th vn hnh song song gia hai dy chuyn sn xut rc thi ti (rc trong ngy) v rc thi kh (rc chn lp) to ra nhng sn phm khc nhau. Sau khi tc lc c rc hu c lm phn vi sinh nh mn hu c, phn hu c sinh hc, nhng loi rc v c cn li, dy chuyn t ng s chuyn loi rc ny v mt b phn khc to sn phm nh nha Seraphin, ng cng, bt ng m cao su v cc loi x chu... Khi p dng cng ngh ny vo vic x l rc thi v c (ti Trng i Hc Ngoi Thng H Ni
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B mn chuyn giao cng ngh Khoa Qun Tr Kinh Doanh nilng, nha...) s tit kim c mt lng ra ln, hn ch vic nhim mi trng do nc thi cng nghip gy nn. V cc loi rc thi ny s c a vo lng sy kh v nh sc nng s lm mt i nhng bi bn to ra nhng sn phm sch. Sn phm c to ra bi cng ngh Seraphin c Cc Qun l cht lng Vit Nam kim nh v tnh nng ng, cng dng cng nh mc ph hp v sinh mi trng. Tuy nhin vn cn mt s kh khn khi p dng cng ngh ny x l rc thi trn din rng nh lm phn comost t rc thi cn din tch nh xng, hm ln v thi gian mn hu c ko di n 30 ngy. Kh nng tiu th phn hu c v cc sn phm khc cn hn ch, do y l sn phm mi, cha quen vi ngi tiu dng. khc phc iu ny, Cng ty sn xut theo phng php hiu kh c o trn, to mi trng tch cc cho vi sinh vt phn hu rc pht trin, nhm gim thi gian phn hu c, gim din tch nh xng, tng hiu qu ca nh my x l rc. Thng 1 nm 2004, cng ty c phn cng ngh mi trng xanh Seraphin p dng cng ngh Seraphin vo sn xut th nghim ti Nh my x l rc Thy Phng (Hu). Sau mt thi gian ng dng, cng ngh ny to ra u im vt tri. n thng 6 nm 2004, Nh my x l rc Thu Phng tip nhn v x l ton b rc thi sinh hot ca thnh ph Hu. Thnh cng thc y Ban Gim c cng ty u t hn 36 t ng xy dng Nh my x l rc ng Vinh nm trn a phn x Hng ng, huyn Nghi Lc, tnh Ngh An. y l a im tp kt rc thi ca thnh ph Vinh, rng khong 3 hcta v rc cao n 8m. Nhiu nm nay, bi rc ny gy nhim mi trng nghim trng, nh hng n sinh hot v sn xut nng nghip ca ngi dn khu vc ln cn. Thng 4- 2007, nh my x l rc ng Vinh i vo hot ng vi cng sut x l gn 300 tn rc/ngy. Theo d kin, n 19-5 ti, nh my s x l ton b rc thi ca thnh
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Trng i Hc Ngoi Thng H Ni

B mn chuyn giao cng ngh Khoa Qun Tr Kinh Doanh ph Vinh (khong 150 n 180 tn/ngy) v d kin trong nm 2008 s x l ht s lng rc tn ng bi rc ng Vinh. 3.3. Cng ngh x l rc thi sinh hot nh my phn hu c Cu Din. A, Ni dung cng ngh. Nh my c xy dng theo d n VIE- 86- 023 do UNDP ti tr i vo hot ng cui nm 1992. y l cng ngh ng tnh c thi kh, qu trnh ln men c kim sot bng h thng t ng nhit . Sn phm c B Nng Nghip v Pht Trin Nng Thn cng nhn l sng kin khoa hc k thut, cho php lu hnh trn ton quc trong danh mc phn bn Vit Nam v c ng k cht lng sn phm. Hin nay, nh my ang tip tc c nng cp nng cao nng sut. B, u, nhc im.

u im n gin, d vn hnh. My mc thit b d ch to, thay th thun li. Nng lng tiu hao nh. m bo hp v sinh trong v ngoi nh my. Hot ng thng xuyn quanh nm, c mi che, thu hi c nc rc phc v cho qu trnh ln men, khng gy nh hng ti tng nc ngm. C iu kin m rng nh my nng cao nng sut. Nhc im: Ngun rc ln qu nhiu tp cht, cha c c gii ho trong cc khu phn loi. Cht lng phn bn cha co v c ln cc tp cht. Dy chuyn ch bin v ng bao cn s si, th cng. Khng c quy trnh thu hi cc vt liu ti ch.

C, Quy m, cng sut. Quy m, cng sut ca nh my Phn hu c Cu Din sau khi nng cp. Trng i Hc Ngoi Thng H Ni
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B mn chuyn giao cng ngh Khoa Qun Tr Kinh Doanh - Din tch ca nh my khong 4,0 ha sau khi nng cp.
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Cng sut x l rc thi sinh hot theo thit k: 210 tn/ ngy. Thi gian lm vic: 2 ca/ ngy. S ngy hot ng: 300 ngy/ nm. Thnh phn hu c trong rc thi sinh hot a vo x l l hn 50% Sn phm thu hi: 13.260 tn phn bn/ nm. Loi ri ng bao loi 02 kg. ng bao loi 10 kg. Hm lng Nit t 1.15- 2.5. Hm lng cacbon hn 13%. St. Nha. Giy. Thu tinh.

Quy cch sn phm:


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Cht lng:
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Sn phm thu hi phc v ti ch:


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- Nylon.
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D, Gii thiu mt bng ca nh my. Khu sn xut:


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Nh tuyn chn rc- Nh A. B ho kh- nh F, G, D, H. Nh chin- nh I. Nh tinh ch- nh B. Nh hon thin ( ng bao+ kho sn phm)- nh C. My bin th in.
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Khu ph tr sn xut.
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Trng i Hc Ngoi Thng H Ni

B mn chuyn giao cng ngh - Trm cp nc.


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Khoa Qun Tr Kinh Doanh

Phng th nghim. Khu x l nc rc. Cn in t. Vn thc nghim v di cy xanh. Bi cht tr.

Khu ph tr sn xut ny c tn dng mt bng ca nh my c. Khu hnh chnh.


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Nh iu hnh. Nh bo v. Nh n.

Dy chuyn thit b ca Nh my. Dy chuyn tuyn chn rc.


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Rc c a vo phn loi bng xe xc lt, theo cc bng ti xch, bng ti trung gian, tang quay phn loi. Cc thnh phn hu c c kch thc nh hn 8cm lt qua tang quay phn loi xung bng ti a ra khu o trn. Trn ng ra khu o trn c bng ti t thu kim loi. Phn khng phi hu c c a ra phn loi bng th cng gm: giy, nha, nylon, thu tinh, st c thu hi qua bng ti t tnh.

Cng sut tuyn chn: 15 tn/ h vi thnh phn hu c hn 50%. Rc c phn loi vn chuyn t khu o trn sang b bng xe xc lt. Trc khi a vo b c trn vi sinh vt kh mi phn gii xenluloza, cc thc n phc v cho qu trnh phn hu rc. Xe xc lt np rc vo b vi dung tch 150m3/ b. S lng b: 28 b. Thi gian thc hin trong b : 19- 22 ngy.

B .
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B mn chuyn giao cng ngh Khoa Qun Tr Kinh Doanh - iu kin vi sinh vt hot ng c kim sot bng m, nhit . Nc rc phn bay hi, phn thu hi phi lt xung di ghi b x l b sung vo b cng vi bn b pht.
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S cp kh oxi ho hu c c t ng ho. Thi gian 16- 22 ngy( tu theo thi tit). ng theo tng b c chiu cao khng qu 2,5m. Thnh phn hu c c x l, b sung m, o trn oxi t nhin tip tc oxi ho.

Nh chin.
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Nh tinh ch.
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Rc c a t nh chin vo phu np liu bng xe xc lt Manitou. Rc c qua hai trc xon ti bng ti vn chuyn n tang phn loi. Cc cht hu c c phn hu c kch thc nh hn 1.5cm lt qua mt sng xung bng ti tip tc c phn loi qua bn tuyn t trng( bng sng rung v khng kh.). H thng cp kh bao gm: my nn kh, ng dn, sn phm thu hi v mn hu c c xylon ht v chuyn n bng ti thng qua h thng chia mn t t( xylon ht t trn cao trnh gy bi nn c h thng chia mn xung bng ti t t.).

Mn hu c c vn chuyn bng bng ti n cui dy chuyn. Kim loi c thu hi sau khi phn loi bng tang quay c bng ti t tnh. Phn c kch thc ln hn 1.5cm c chuyn ra ngoi chn lp, phn c kch thc nh hn nhng khng phi l mn hu c t trng ln hn 0.5 c chuyn ra ngoi chn lp.

Cng sut phn loi: 15 tn/ h; in nng tiu th 78 kW/ h. Mn hu c c a vo ng bao, np vo phiu bng xe xc lt Manitou cng v cc ph gia np sn vo phiu.

Khu hon thin( ng bao)


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B mn chuyn giao cng ngh Khoa Qun Tr Kinh Doanh - Thnh phn phn bn c lp trnh theo yu cu ca tng loi cy trng, th nhng, khch hng...
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Sau khi lp trnh, my c iu khin trn mn hnh trung tm ti nh C. Hn hp c trn u, phun m chuyn vo ng bao theo my t ng c in mc.

Loi bao 2 v 10kg c chuyn vo khu bng xe xc lt. c b tr ti nh iu hnh kim sot v iu hnh cc hot ng ca nh my, bao gm: h thng theo di hot ng ca nh A, nh B, nh C. iu khin qu trnh hot ng ca b .

Trung tm iu khin.
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Cc dy chuyn u c h thng iu khin t ng, ci bo hiu, iu khin c, iu khin tc ca cc bng ti ph hp ti trng.

Phng th nghim
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Dng kim sot mi trng trong qu trnh x l rc, nc rc, phn bn b pht. Dng phn tch mu ca b . Dng phn tch cht lng sn phm. Dng nhn ging cc loi vi sinh vt phc v x l rc, nc rc, phn bn b pht.

Cc thit b xe my
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3 xe xc lt Manitou. 3 xe vn ti 1 xe ht phn

- 1 xe con. Ngoi ra, c cc thit b my bm nc, trm in, my nn kh dng v sinh nh. 3.4. Cng ngh x l rc thi sinh hot ca nh my ch bin ph thi Vit Tr. A, Ni dung cng ngh. Trng i Hc Ngoi Thng H Ni
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B mn chuyn giao cng ngh Khoa Qun Tr Kinh Doanh Cng ngh x l rc thi ca Nh my p dng cng ngh men ng tnh c thi kh cng bc, m bo hp v sinh. Cng sut thit k x l: 30.000 tn rc/ nm v sn xut c 7.500 tn phn bn/ nm. Nh my c xy dng trn din tch 2.77 ha ( giai on I), giai on II s m rng thm vi tng din tch l 5 ha. Qu trnh cng ngh nh sau: rc thi c thu gom t thnh ph -> nhp v nh my-> phun dung dch EM-> s lc-> a vo bng ti tip liu-> phn loi trn bng chuyn-> a v sn o trn( rc hu c 100%)-> b sung vi sinh vt + EM -> o trn bng my xc chuyn dng a vo b ho kh chin a vo h thng sang nghin phn loi sn phm vi sinh vt (phn gii + kch thch sinh trng + c nh m + EM) ng bao. B, u, nhc im - u im: b tr lien hon (trong nh c mi che), vn hnh thun tin v c s dng cc loi vi sinh vt m bo mi trng v nng cao cht lng phn bn. thit b lm vic ng b, d s dng v thay th m bo hp v sinh trong v ngoi nh my, c h thng thu hi nc rc cc khu: phn loi, ho kh cht lng sn phm tt, a dng cc thit b m bo an ton lao ng nh: h thng chng st, chiu sang, bo v qu ti - Nhc im: phn loi trn bng chuyn th cng qu trnh ng bao th cng cha c phng nui cy vi sinh vt cha c cng ngh ti ch

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B mn chuyn giao cng ngh Khoa Qun Tr Kinh Doanh Cc nhc im trn c khc phc trong giai on II, bao gm: khu cha cht tr, ti ch nylon lm sn phm nha, phng nui cy vi sinh vt, thit b ng bao hon thin. Tm li Mi trng l mt vn ton cu v ang tr thnh mt vn ln i vi Vit Nam trong giai on hi nhp vi khu vc v th gii. Tc th ho, cng nghip ho, s pht trin kinh t, x hi li lun i km vi nhng tn hi ln n mi trng: i km vi tc c gii ho l nhim bu khng kh do khi, bi, nhim ngun nc do cht thi t cc nh my, x nghip thm ch t c nhng h gia nh. Trc thc t , c x hi nhn thc r vai tr quan trng ca mi trng v nh hng ca n n i sng ca mi mt cng dn. S u t cho cc cng trnh nghin cu khoa hc nhm x l rc thi d c nhng cha thc s nhiu v t em li nhng ng dng thc t hu ch. Bn cnh kinh ph u t xy dng c s h tng cho cc nh my x l rc thi cn rt hn hp. Cc nh my hin ang vn hnh gp phn x l mt khi lng ln rc thi d tha, ng gy nhim mi trng, tuy nhin cng sut vn hnh cha p ng c nhu cu thc t i hi. Nh vy, chng ta phi nng cao thc trong vic bo v mi trng, iu ny khng trc tip gp phn vo cng cuc pht trin t nc, nhng ng mt phn khng nh, lm nn tng cho s pht trin . V pha Nh Nc phi dnh s quan tm v kinh ph nht nh nhm khuyn khch nhng c nhn, t chc tham gia khc phc v x l cc loi cht thi- l tc nhn ln gy nhim mi trng. Bn cnh th mi mt ngi dn phi t thc gi gn v sinh mi trng xung quanh khu lm vic, sinh sng, vt rc ng ni quy nh v hn ch s dng nhng kh x l, gy nhim mi trng.

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