CNG NGH CH BIN DU M V KH THIN NHIN

vo lc: Thng Mi Hai 08, 2007, 12:56:01 PM

I. Thnh phn ca du m & kh thin nhin : Kh thin nhin ch yu l kh Metan chim 94 - 98% th tch ;Cc Parafin c mch Cacbon t C2 C5 thuc loi kh du m , ngoi ra kh thin nhin cn c 2 loi kh khc : Kh ng hnh l kh trong cc m du :ngoi Metan ch yu cn c cc hyrocacbon khc t C2 C5 Khi ch bin ,du m c to thnh trong qu trnh ch bin gm :cc hyrocacbon khong no l (kh ng hnh c sn trn b mt ca du). nhng nguyn liu qu trong cng nghip tng hp hu c. Ngoi cc thnh phn trn cn c :Hyro ,cc hp cht c hi (cc hp cht ca lu hunh) ,CO2 ,N2 ,hi m. * Thnh phn ca du : ch yu l cc hyrocacbon , ngoi ra cn c nha ,cc cht hu c cha lu hunh ,nit v cc tp cht v c khc. - Hyrocacbon ca du m c thnh phn rt pc tp , ch yu gm 3 loi no , naphten , vng thm .Chng c nhiu ng phn. Cht lng du m c nh gi theo lng hyrocacbon nhit si c trong du m . Qu nht l du m c nhiu hyrocacbon d si c trng lng ring thp gi l du nh. II.X l du th: Ty theo mc ch s dng m kh c x l khc nhau. 1.Lm sch kh: a) Tch hi nc:hi nc c hi. Khi h nhit hi nc c th ng bng lm v ng ng hoc vi cc hyrocacbon thnh cc hydrat Hi nc c tch bng cht ht nc th rn ( Canxiclorua ht ,NaOH rn v.v...) hoc lng (dung dch (CH4.7H2O , C2H6.7H2Ov.v...) bt kn ng ng hoc thit b. Canxiclorua dietylengly ). b) Kh kh H2S v cc hp cht cha lu hunh khc: H2S n mn thit b . Cc hp cht lu hunh khi t s to thnh SO2 d n mn thit b dng c , nhng cht lm xc tc

nhim c. loi n ngi ta dng cht hp th rn v lng (rn :Fe(OH)3 , than hot tnh ) , ( lng : mui baz mnh vi acid yu nh cacbonat , photphat ca natri hoc kali ). Na2CO3 + H2S D NaHCO3 + + NaHS H2S D [(CH2CH2OH)NH3]2S Hay dng baz hu c yu : 2(CH2CH2OH)NH2 Dung dch hp th c ti t trn thp hp th kiu m (1), khi cn lm sch i ngc chiu t di ln . thit b hp th ra dung dch c bm (2) qua thit b truyn nhit (3) , sau qua thit b truyn nhit (4) nng nhit n nhit ti sinh , ri i vo thp ti sinh c bm qua bm (6) qua cc thit b nhit trao i nhit (3) v cc thit b lm lnh (7) tun hon tr li thit b hp th (1). 2.Tch xng kh : l qu trinh hyrocacbon d bay hi tn ti trong khng kh di dng hi. Ki qu c hai sn phm : Hyrocacbon c mch cacbon t C2 C5 . Hyrocacbon hi c mch Cacbon > C4 . C 3 phng php ch yu tch xng kh : Ngng t xng kh . Hp th . Hp ph. + Ngng t xng kh:hn hp kh c x n p sut 15 20 atm ri lm lnh bng nc

Xng l hn hp cc hyrocacbon th hi.

thng .Ty theo nhit & p sut lm lnh ,mc tch xng kh c th cao thp khc nhau ,xng kh khng tch c hon ton . + Hp th : phng php ny tch xng kh c hon ton . Ngi ta dng sn phm du m th lng ,c nhit khong 100 2000C lm dung mi hp th .Trc y ngi ta dng hp th gin on ; hin nay thng dng s dng thp hp th lin tc ,n gm c 3 phn : -Vng lm lnh I c cu to bng nc. -Vng kh hp th III c cu to ng chm ,gia nhit bng hi nc hn hp vo vng II & than hot tnh sau khi qua vng I, cng i vao vng II theo chiu ngc nhau. Than Hp thu kh nng tip tc i xung vng III .Kh nh ra khi vng hp ph c ly ra phn trn ca thp hp ph mt phn kh tun hon tr li theo ng ng (1) a than a ti sinh theo ng ng (2) ln nh thp xng kh sau khi tch ra , c cha kh propan & metan d to nn ti kh trong ng dn nhin liu cc ng c t trong do vy cn phi tch chng ra xng c n nh c thc hin bng phng php chng di p sut cao . 3 - Tch kh thnh cc cu t ring bit hay cc nhm cu t: Qu trnh tch cc hn hp kh c thc hin theo phng php hp th, hp th chn lc v phng php chng ct ( vn ny c xt trong phn tng hp cht hu c). S cu to thp hp th lin tc. I. Vng lm lnh II. Vng Hp th III. Vng kh hp ph III.Ch bin du: Du c dng ch yu : - Lm nhin liu ng c. - Lm nguyn liu trong cng nghip ha cht - To ra nhiu sn phm dng trong nhiu ngnh khc. Du c nhiu loi khc nhau, nn phi dng nhiu phng php l ha khc nhau ch bin du. Qu trnh ch bin du bao gm cc cng on ch yu sau: - X l du trc khi ch bin. - Chng phn on tch mazut vi cc phn chng ct khc. - Chng madt. - iu ch xng bng cch crcking, madt v cc phn chng. - Tng hp cc cu t c ch s ctan cao ca nhin liu ng c. - Tinh ch cc sn phm du m. 1. X l du s b trc khi ch bin: Trc khi ch bin, du phi c loi cc tp cht. - Trc ht phi tch kh ng hnh, n l sn phm c gi tr. Sau du c a sang b lng tch cc tp cht c hc ( ct, t, st), nc v cc mui khong (NaCl, MgCl2, CaCl2) trong thit b lng, nc v cc tp cht c hc c ly ra y b, nc to vi du thnh cc ht nh tng ( 0,1 100 mm) do bin php lng khng kt qu i vi nc; cn phi ph nh tng trn dng in xoay chiu: du c a vo thit b kh nc, c cc in cc chu in p cao ((30000 40000 V) di tc dng ca in cc xoay chiu, cc ht nh tng b ph hy kt hp vi nhau to thnh ht ln lng xung y. tch mui c hon ton hn, ngi ta trn du vi nc nng. Sau khi x l bng nhit v in, kh du c a v x nghip ch bin. Trc tin h phn loi v trn thnh phn tng i n, ri x l bng kim hoc Amniac trung ha axt, Sunfua v cc tp cht. 2. Chng ct: H thng chng ct ph bin trong cng nghip ch bin du l h thng chng chn khng - p sut thng. H thng ny chia lm 2 giai on: - Chng ct p sut thng.

- Chng chn khng. a)Chng p sut thung: Thp chng lm vic p sut thng. Trong cng nghip, ty theo thnh phn du th v sn phm nh ly m lu trnh chng ct khc nhau. S lu trnh cng ngh chng ct du m p sut thng. 1: B cha du th; 2: Bm; 3: Thit b trao i nhit; 4: L t; 5: Thp chng; 6: Thit b ngng t; 7: Thng cha xng. Du th b cha (1) c bm qua cc thit b trao i nhit (3) nng nhit ln 180oC ri vo l t (4), t bng du mazut. Khi du ln n nhit 320oC 325oC th a qua thp chng (5). du nh bay hi ln, tip xc vi du lng i xung thc hin qu trnh trao i nhit, lm cc cu t d bay hi tip tc bay hi, cng xung thp, du lng cng nhiu cu t kh bay hi. Hi xng nh thp chng ra, sau khi qua thit b ngng t (6). T thp chng p sut thng ly ra c mt s sn phm: - Trn cng l xng ly ra nh dng lm nhin liu t trong. - Ri n lydroin l loi du dng lm nhin liu cho ng c phn lc. - Du ha ly c trong khong nhit 180oC 280oC - Di na l du nng ( du Xla ) khong nhit 250oC 350oC dng cho ng c Diezen, cho crcking. - Cui cng l madt, ly y thp chng vi nhit l 275oC. b) Chng chn khng: Thp chng chn khng dng chng mazut. Chng chn khng nhm h nhit si ca mazu1t, mazut khi b phn hy, P=60 mm Hg ( p lm vic) T thp chng chn khng, ly ra c cc loi du bi trn v nha ng; gm cc loi du bi trn: Du cng nghip bi trn cc my mc v du truyn ng. Du bi trn cho ng c t trong dng bi trn pttng - xilanh ca cc ng c. Du my nn tuabin. Du c bit.

Phn cn li sau khi chng l opiron ( hc n) 3. Tinh ch cc sn phm du m : Trong sn phm du m c cha cha mt s tp cht c hi cn phi loi b : - Cc hp cht ca lu hunh ,khi chy to thnh SO2c tc dng n mn thit b v u c xc tc. - Cc axit hu c c tc dng n mn thit b . - Cc tp cht c nha , c kh nng kt ta v lm nhin liu kh chy - Cc hp cht khng no lm sn phm du m km bn . a) Tinh ch bng kim : y l phng php ph bin nht d tinh ch xng ;lidroin v du ha.Phng php ny loi c H2S,mecaptan , phenon,cc axit napta nic. Phng php nay dng dung dch kim m c v metanol 30% 40%: Kim ch tch c H2S .Metanol tch hon ton mecaptan . Qu trnh c thc hin 40oC v p sut l 57 atm .Dung dch kim v metanol c a vo trch ly (1) cng vi xng th. Xng sch c ly ra nh thp ,dung dch ccmecaptan cng kim c ly ra y thp c bm (2) bm sang thp chng (3) tch kim .Dung dch kim ly ra y thp c a tr li thp (1) .Hn hp mecaptan nh thp ra qua thit b ngng t (4) vo thit b phn ly (5).Mecaptan c ly ra pha trn ,cn dung dch long mecaptan c a vo thp chng metanol (6) thu hi metanol ,a tr li thp (1). b)Tinh ch bng axit v hp ph : X l bng axit H2SO4 c th tch c cc tp cht c nha ,ph hy H2S v mecaptan ;Cc Sunfua SR' v Disunfua RSSR' th tan trong acid ;cn li cc hp cht khng no th to thnh cc axit sunfonic RSO2OH.

Dng axit c nng khc nhau ; thng 96% v oleum . X l bng axit c nhiu nhc im : Acid mc. Mt nhit sn phm du m . To nhiu b thi .

Do vy ngy nay ta dng phng php ny lm sch du bi trn. * Hp ph: Phng php hp ph c dng lm sch du bi trn, xng v du ha. Cht hp th ph bin nht l: t st, than hot tnh, silicugen. Sau y trnh by s lm sch kt hp hai phng php axt - hp ph: u tin c a vo thit b trn (1) cng vi axit x l. Qu trnh khuy c thc hin bng khng kh nn - mt phn cn gudron tch ra y. Dung dch du - axt sang thit b (2) lng tch ht gudron. Sau bm (3) a du vo thit b hn hp (4) trn vi cht hp ph dng bt mn. T (4) ra hn hp du - cht hp ph c a vo thit b bc hi (5). Hn hp c tun hon qua l t (6). Sau hn hp c bm sang thit b lm sch (7) ri vo thng cha c my khuy ( qua h thng my p (9) v thu c du tinh ch. c) Chit chn lc bng dung mi: Phng php ny c s dng ph bin trong nhng nm gn y; ch yu tinh ch du bi trn, xng, du ha. Nguyn l ca phng php ny l: dung mi khng ha tan du m ch ha tan cc tp cht cn loi b ( nha, hp cht Sunfua, hp cht khng no). Ty theo tnh cht ca du, tp cht v mc tinh ch m chn cc dung mi khc nhau. Thng dng dung mi fufurol, phenol, nitrobenzen v nhiu dung mi hu c khc. IV. Ch bin cc sn phm du m: Cc phng php ch bin cc sn phm du m c dng hin nay: crcking, refoming. 1. Crcking: Crcking l qu trnh ct cc phn t Hydro Cacbon mch di thnh nhng phn t c mch ngn hn,nh hn. C - C - C ... C - C - C - C C = C - C -... + C - C - C ... Qu trnh crcking c c im l n ch yu lm thay i s lng nguyn t Cacbon trong phn t Hydro Cacbon m khng lm thay i cu trc ha hc ca chng. C hai loi crcking: crcking nhit, crcking xc tc. a) Crcking nhit: Crcking nhit thc hin nhit tng i thp v p sut cao th tng sn lng xng ( trn 60% xng Crcking nhit thc hin nhit cao trn 700oC v p sut thng to ra hp cht thm v cc Hydro c ly bng phng php ny). Cacbon no th kh. Ty tnh cht ca nguyn liu v loi sn phm nh iu ch m c nhng qui trnh crcking nhit khc nhau: p sut cao (12 70 atm) v nhit tng i thp ( di 540oC). p sut thp (2 5 atm) v nhit di 600oC. p sut thng v nhit cao > 670 - 720oC. Vi nguyn liu l Hydro Cacbon nh ,bn nhit th qu trnh phi thc hin nhit v p sut cao cn vi nguyn liu l Hydro Cacbon nng th iu kin khng nghim ngt bng. S lu trnh crcking nhit du mazut p sut cao. 1,7. Thp chng; 2,10. L t; 3. Thp phn ng; 4. Van gim p; 5. Thit b bay hi; 6. Thit b lm lnh; 8. Thit b ngng t; 9. Thit b phn ly. Nguyn liu sau khi c gia nhit i vo thp chng (1) lm vic p sut 10atm. Hi t thit b (5) . T y hn hp

sang chng nguyn liu thnh phn on nh v nng. Phn on nng c nhit cao, ly ra y thp ri a vo l t (2), nhit un 480(C, p = 45 atm; iu kin ny, cc hyrocacbon bt u b phn hy. Sau a sang thit b phn ng (3) c p sut 20 atm, nhit 480(C,qu trnh crcking kt thc ti y. Qua van (4), sn phm i vo thit b bay hi (5),ti y cc sn phm tch thnh cn v hi.Cn crcking c a vo thit b lm lnh(6).Hi c a vo thp (1). - Qu trnh crcking thc hin qua l t (2) l crcking nh. Phn on nh l hi nh thp chng (1) ra, c a vo thp chng (7) iu kin ging thp chng ri vo thit b

(1). Hi ly ra nh thp l xng v kh, c a qua thit b ngng t ( phn ly (9) tch xng v kh crcking. Phn lng ly ra y thp (7) l gazon v du ha. b) Crcking xc tc:

Mc ch ca crcking xc tc cc sn phm du m l tng sn lng v cht lng xng. Cht lng xng cng nh nhin liu cho ng c qui nh bi hai yu t: Gim hm lng cc Hyrocacbon no mch thng v chng c ch s octan thp. Gim hm lng cc Hyrocacbon khng no v khi chy chng to nn nhiu nha v tro cho ng c.

Xng crcking xc tc bn hn xng crcking nhit v hm lng Hydro Cacbon khng no thp, ch s octan cao... 2. Refoming: Phng php crcking xc tc tuy khng to ra cn nhng cng to ra kh v cc. trnh s hao ht v to kh v cn...Ngi ta dng refoming, l phng php bin i trc tip cu to phn t ca cc sn phm du m iu ch c bng phng php crcking m khng lm phn t lng ca chng thay i nhiu. Logged

Thin ti c hnh thnh t 1% tr thng minh,cn 99% cn li l s sing nng,cn c.

Re: CNG NGH CH BIN DU M V KH THIN NHIN
Tr li #1 vo lc: Thng T 17, 2009, 11:23:08 AM

2. Refoming: Phng php crcking xc tc tuy khng to ra cn nhng cng to ra kh v cc. trnh s hao ht v to kh v cn... Ngi ta dng refoming, l phng php bin i trc tip cu to phn t ca cc sn phm du m iu ch c bng phng php crcking m khng lm trng lng phn t ca chng thay i nhiu. Re: CNG NGH CH BIN DU M V KH THIN NHIN
Tr li #2 vo lc: Thng Nm 14, 2009, 01:21:11 AM

Cho Qun b sung cht nha! 1. NGUN GC DU M V KH 1.1 NGUN GC V C Theo gi thuyt ny trong lng Tri t c cha cc cacbua kim loi nh Al4C3, CaC2. Cc cht ny b phn hy bi nc to ra CH4 v C2H2: Cc cht khi u (CH4, C2H2) qua qu trnh bin i di tc dng ca nhit , p sut cao trong lng t v xc tc l cc khong st, to thnh cc hydrocacbon c trong du kh. chng minh cho iu , nm 1866, Berthelot tng hp c hydrocacbon thm t axetylen nhit cao trn xc tc. Nm 1901, Sabatier v Sendereus thc hin phn ng hydro ha axetylen trn xc tc Niken v st nhit trong khong 200 3000C, thu c mt lot cc hydrocacbon tng ng nh trong thnh phn ca du. Cng vi hng lot cc th nghim nh trn, gi thuyt v ngun gc v c ca du m c chp nhn trong mt thi gian kh di. Sau ny, khi trnh khoa hc v k thut ngy cng pht trin ngi ta bt u hoi nghi lun im trn v: phn tch c (bng cc phng php hin i) trong du m c cha cc Porphyrin c ngun gc t

ng thc vt. Trong v qu t, hm lng cacbua kim loi l khng ng k. Cc hydrocacbon thng gp trong cc lp trm tch, ti nhit t khi vt qu 150 - 2000C (v p sut rt cao), nn khng nhit cn thit cho phn ng ha hc xy ra. Chnh v vy m gi thuyt ngun gc v c ngy cng phai m do c t cn c. 1.2 NGUN GC HU C l gi thuyt v s hnh thnh du m t cc vt liu hu c ban u. Nhng vt liu chnh l xc ng thc vt bin, hoc trn cn nhng b cc dng sng cun tri ra bin. trong nc bin c rt nhiu cc loi vi khun hiu kh v ym kh, cho nn khi cc ng thc vt b cht, lp tc b chng phn hy. Nhng phn no d b phn hy (nh cc cht Albumin, cc hydrat cacbon) th b vi khun tn cng trc to thnh cc cht d tan trong nc hoc kh bay i, cc cht ny s khng to nn du kh. Ngc li, cc cht kh b phn hy (nh cc protein, cht bo, ru cao phn t, sp, du, nha) s dn lng ng to nn lp trm tch di y bin; y chnh l cc vt liu hu c u tin ca du kh. Cc cht ny qua hng triu nm bin i s to thnh cc hydrcacbon ban u: RCOOR RCOOH RCH2OH R-CH=CH2 + + H2O <----> ----> ----> H2 ----> RCOOH RH + + CO2 + H2O ROH

R-CH=CH2 R-CH2-CH3

Theo tc gi Petrov, cc axt bo ca thc vt thng l cc -lacton, sau to thnh naphten hoc axit bo khng no, s bin i to thnh aromat: Thuyt ngun gc hu c ca du m cho php gii thch c nhiu hin tng trong thc t. Chng hn nh: du m cc ni hu nh u khc nhau, s khc nhau c th l do vt liu hu c ban u. V d, nu vt liu hu c ban u giu cht bo th c th to ra loi du parafinic Du c sinh ra ri rc trong cc lp trm tch, c gi l m. Do p sut y cao nn chng b y ra ngoi v buc phi di c n ni mi qua cc tng cha thng c cu trc rng xp. S di chuyn tip tc xy ra cho n khi chng gp iu kin thun li c th li y v tch t thnh du m. Trong qu trnh di chuyn, du m phi i qua cc tng xp, c th s xy ra s hp ph, cc cht c cc b hp ph v li cc lp , kt qu l du s nh hn v sch hn. Nhng nu qu trnh di chuyn ca du b tip xc vi oxy khng kh, chng c th b oxy ha dn n to cc hp cht cha cc d nguyn t, lm du b gim cht lng. Khi du tch t v nm trong cc m du, qu trnh bin i hu nh t xy ra nu m du kn. Trong trng hp c cc khe h, oxy, nc kh quyn c th lt vo, s xy ra bin cht theo chiu hng xu i do phn ng ha hc. Cc hydrocacbon ban u ca du kh thng c phn t lng rt ln (C30 C40), thm ch cao hn. Cc cht hu c ny nm trong lp trm tch s chu nhiu bin i ha hc di nh hng ca nhit , p sut , xc tc (l khong st). Ngi ta thy rng, c ln chm su xung 30 mt, th nhit trong lp trm tch tng t 0,54 1,200C, cn p sut tng t 3 7,5 atm. Nhng vy su cng ln, nhit , p sut cng tng v trong cc lp trm tch to du kh, nhit c th ln ti 100 2000C v p sut t 200 1000 at. iu kin ny, cc hydrocacbon c phn t ln, mch di, cu trc phc tp s phn hy nhit, to thnh cc cht c phn t nh hn, cu trc n gin hn, s lng vng thm t hn Thi gian di cng l cc yu t thc y qu trnh crcking xy ra mnh hn. Chnh v vy, tui du cng cao, ln chm cng su, du c to thnh cng cha nhiu hydrocacbon vi trng lng phn t cng nh. Su hn na c kh nng chuyn ha hon ton thnh kh, trong kh metan l bn vng nht nn hm lng ca n rt cao. Cng chnh v vy, khi tng chiu su ca cc ging khoan thm d du kh th xc sut tm thy kh thng cao hn. Re: CNG NGH CH BIN DU M V KH THIN NHIN
Tr li #3 vo lc: Thng Nm 27, 2009, 11:26:59 PM

1. c im v thnh phn ca kh thin nhin 1.1 c im. Kh thin nhin c khai thc t ging kh hay du. Ty thuc vo c tnh ca tng ging m khi khai thc c nhng tp cht v thnh phn khc nhau. Kh thin nhin l kh khng mu, khng mi (c mi l do mecaptan cho vo). Kh thin nhin c tnh chy sch. Thnh phn ch yu ca kh thin nhin l metan (CH4). T trng ca kh thin nhin i vi khng kh dao ng trong khong rng t 0,55 - 1,1. Nhit chy cao. Gm 2 thnh phn chnh: hydrocacbon v khng hydrocacbon. Hydrocacbon: ch yu t C1 - C4, C4 - C7 t hn. Khng hydrocacbon: H2O (hi, lng), N2, CO2, H2S, COS, CS2, RSH, H2, He Phn khng hydrocacbon c mt s l tp cht m trong qu trnh ch bin cn phi tch chng nu khng V d: H2O Lm tng qu trnh n mn khi c mt CO2 nh hng n h thng lm vic nh to hyrat, ng bng gy tc nghn ng ng lm gim cng sut vn chuyn. V vy, ta phi tch nc. Nit: tr, khng n mn. CO2: c tnh axit gy n mn. H2S: c tnh axit gy n mn. H2: khng l tp cht. He: tr, thu hi v c gi tr. Thng loi CO2, H2O, H2S.

1.2 Thnh phn ca kh thin nhin

s nh hng trong qu trnh lm vic.

1.3 Phn loi kh thin nhin: c nhiu cch phn loi khc nhau 1.3.1 Theo ngun gc: Kh khng ng hnh (Unassociaed Natural Gas) M kh (gas well). M kh condensate Kh ng hnh (Associated Natural Gas) 1.3.2 Theo thnh phn C3+ 1.3.3 Theo hm lng kh axit. 2.S tng qut qu trnh khai thc v ch bin kh 2.1 Module x l kh Nhim v dng tch cc tp cht trong kh nh: H2O, cc hp cht cha lu hunh (H2S, COS, RSH, CS2), CO2, N2, O2 v tp cht c hc, hydrate, asphaltenes, bi c x l bng cc qu trnh: Hp th (absorption). Hp ph (adsorption). Qu trnh ngng t (condensation)

2.2 Module x l du th (Crude oil Treating Module) 2.3 Module x l nc 2.4. Module tch NGL 2.5. Module n nh (Stabilization Module) 2.6. Module x l sn phm (Product Treating Module) Re: CNG NGH CH BIN DU M V KH THIN NHIN Tr li #4 vo lc: Thng Nm 27, 2009, 11:29:36 PM

Mt s tiu chun cho cc sn phm lng t kh Xng thin nhin (Natural gasoline): C5+ p sut hi (RVP): 70 235 kPa (10 34 psia). % th tch bay hi 600C (1400F): 25 85% % th tch bay hi 1350C (2750F): min 90% im si cui: max 1900C (3750F). n mn: khng n mn trong php th. Mu: khng nh hn 25 (theo phng php Saybolt).

Etan thng phm: y l ngun nguyn liu ha hc dng trong sn xut nha v cc sn phm khc. Cc tiu chun i vi etan thng phm thay i khc nhau nhng thng rt khc khe i vi cc tp cht c th nh hng n qu trnh s dng. S hn ch hm lng CO2 v CH4 trong etan thng phm c bit quan trng. Propan thng phm v Butan thng phm Propan thng phm l hn hp c thnh phn ch yu l propan v hoc propylen. Propan thng phm cn p ng cc tiu chun cht lng nh p sut hi, nhit tr hm lng S tng, hm lng cn, m, hm lng cc hp cht n mn, mi Butan thng phm l hn hp c thnh phn ch yu l butan v hoc butylen. Hn hp Propan - Butan (LPG): hn hp ny phi c p sut khng cao hn so vi propan thng phm

380C v c nhit bay hi 95% th tch tng ng vi butan. LPG cng cn p ng cc tiu chun v sch nh i vi butan. i vi PLG dng lm cht t, thnh phn ca hn hp ny c thay i khc nhau m bo tnh cht bay hi ca cc hn hp trong cc ma khc nhau. Tuy nhin p sut hi ca hn hp bu - pro thng phm t khi vt qu 860 kPa (d) tng ng 125 psia 380C (1000F).
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