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, b
, c
, | | b b =
, | | c c =
Gc:
( )
, a b o =
,
( )
, b c | =
,
( )
, c a =
Biu th vecto MN
theo 3 vecto a
, b
, c
MN
= m. a
+ n. b
+ p. c
S dng cng thc:
MN
2
=
2
MN
=
2
( . . . ) ma n b p c + +
=
2 2 2
( . ) ( . ) ( . ) 2 . . . 2 . . . 2 . . . ma n b p c mn a b m p a c n p b c + + + + +
- Ch : +
2
2
a a =
,
2
2
b b =
,
2
2
c c =
+ . . .cos a b a b o =
. . .cos b c b c | =
. . .cos a c a c =
2. Tnh s o gc
NMP:
Chn trong hnh v 3 vc t a
, b
, c
(ging 1)
Biu th , MN MP
theo a
, b
, c
1 1 1
. . . MN m a n b p c = + +
2 2 2
. . . MP m a n b p c = + +
S dng cng thc:
.
MNMP
cosNMP
MN MP
=
Tnh di MN, MP (ging 1)
Tnh , MN MP
= (
1 1 1
. . . m a n b p c + +
)(
2 2 2
. . . m a n b p c + +
) (s dng ch 1)
s
NMP = ?
BI GING 02.
S DNG VECTO GII TON HNH KHNG GIAN
TI LIU BI GING
BN QUYN THUC V
WWW.EDUCATIONPVA.TK
Chuyn Hnh hc 11 - Thy Trn Vit Knh Quan h vung gc
Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12
- Trang | 2 -
3. Tnh din tch:
S
MNP
=
2
1 1
. .sin . . 1
2 2
MN MP NMP MN MP cos NMP =
II. V d: (xem clip)
Gio vin: Trn Vit Knh
Ngun : Hocmai.vn
www.educationpva.tk
Chuyn Hnh hc 11 - Thy Trn Vit Knh Quan h vung gc
Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12
- Trang | 1 -
Bi 1:
Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.ABCD c cc cnh bng a.Mt mt phng i qua D song song vi DA v
AB, ct ng thng BC ti M. Tnh di on thng DM.
Bi 2.
Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.ABCD c cnh a.
1. Chng minh DB BC v tnh di ng vung gc chung ca DB v BC.
2. Khi t din u MNPQ c M, N nm trn DB v P, Q nm trn BC. Tnh th tch khi t din .
3. im I thuc BC v K thuc BB sao cho 3IB = 2IC v 3KB=2KB. Tnh gc to hai ng thng
DK v BI.
4. im T thuc AA, S thuc AD sao cho TA=2TA v SD = 2SA. L v R l hai im di ng trn cnh
DC v CC sao cho DL=CR. Xc nh v tr ca L v R gc to bi TL v SR l 60
0
. Chng minh TL
v SR cho nhau.
Bi 3.
Cho t din u ABCD, gi M, N, P ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh AB, CB, AD v G l trng tm ca tam gic
BCD.
a) Tnh gc gia hai ng thng MG v NP.
b) Chng t rng hai ng thng MG v NP cho nhau.
Gio vin: Trn Vit Knh
Ngun : Hocmai.vn
BI GING 02.
S DNG VECTO GII TON HNH KHNG GIAN
BI TP T LUYN
Chuyn Hnh hc 11 - Thy Trn Vit Knh Quan h vung gc
Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12
- Trang | 1 -
Bi 1:
Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.ABCD
c cc cnh bng a.Mt mt phng i
qua D song song vi DA v AB, ct
ng thng BC ti M. Tnh di
on thng DM.
Gii:
t : ' AA a =
; AB b =
; AD c =
.
Theo gi thit ta c ba vct
', '; ' AB DA D M
ng phng
M
D'
C'
B'
A'
B
D
A
C
, m n - e sao cho ' ' ' D M mAB nDA = +
(*).
M: ' AB b a = +
(1)
' DA a c =
(2).
' ' ' ' D M D C C M = +
V ' M C B k e - e sao cho ' ' C M kC B =
( )
' ' ' ' D M D C kC B b k a c ka b kc = + = + = +
(3).
Thay (1), (2), (3) vo (*) ta c:
( ) ka b kc m n a mb nc + = + +
BI GING 02.
S DNG VECTO GII TON HNH KHNG GIAN
P N BI TP T LUYN
Chuyn Hnh hc 11 - Thy Trn Vit Knh Quan h vung gc
Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12
- Trang | 2 -
2
1
1 1 1 6
1 ' ' '
2 2 2 2
1
2
m
k m n
a
m k D M a b c D M D M
k m
n
=
= +
= = = + + = =
=
Bi 2:
Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.ABCD c
cnh a.
1. Chng minh DB BC v tnh di
ng vung gc chung ca DB v BC.
2. Khi t din u MNPQ c M, N nm trn
DB v P, Q nm trn BC. Tnh th tch khi
t din .
D'
C'
B'
A'
B
D
A
C
F
E
I
K
T
S
L
R
3. im I thuc BC v K thuc BB sao cho 3IB = 2IC v 3KB=2KB. Tnh gc to hai ng
thng DK v BI.
4. im T thuc AA, S thuc AD sao cho TA=2TA v SD = 2SA. L v R l hai im di ng trn
cnh DC v CC sao cho DL=CR. Xc nh v tr ca L v R gc to bi TL v SR l 60
0
.
Chng minh TL v SR cho nhau.
Gii:
t ' ; ; . AA a AB b AD c = = =
Ta c ; 0 a b c a ab bc ac = = = = = =
.
1. ' ' DB DA AB BB a b c = + + = +
' ' BC BB BC a c = + = +
Do :
( )( )
2 2
'. ' . . . . DB BC a b c a c a a c b a b c c a c = + + = + + +
=0
' ' DB BC .
Gi s EF l ng vung gc chung ca DB v BC
( ) '; ' E DB F BC e e .
Chuyn Hnh hc 11 - Thy Trn Vit Knh Quan h vung gc
Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12
- Trang | 3 -
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
' . ' . .
' . ' . .
. .
1 1
E DB DE DB a b c
F BC BF BC a c
EF ED DA AB BF a b c b c a c
a b c
o o
| |
o |
| o o | o
e = = +
e = = +
= + + + = + + + +
= + + +
EF l ng vung gc chung ca DB v BC
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
1 1 0
. ' 0
. ' 0
1 1 0
2
3
1
2
a b c a b c
EF DB
EF BC
a b c a c
| o o | o
| o o | o
o
|
(
+ + + + =
=
( =
+ + + + =
Vy
( )
2
1 1 1 1 6
2
6 3 6 6 6
a
EF a b c EF a b c = + + = + + =
2. Khi t din u MNPQ nhn E, F l trung
im ca MN v PQ. Gi x l di ca cnh
ca t din u. Ta c:
EP
2
=EF
2
+PF
2
2 2 2
3 3
4 6 4 3
x a x a
x = + =
.
Vy th tch ca khi t din MNPQ l:
3
6
.
36
MNPQ PQE
a
V S MN = =
M
Q
P
N
E
F
3.
2 2
' ' ' ' '
5 5
2 2
'
5 5
2 2
. 0
5 5
BI BB B I BB B C a c
DK DA AB BK AD AB BB a b c
BI DK a c a b c
= + = + = +
= + + = + + = +
| || |
= + + =
| |
\ .\ .
Vy gc to bi BI v DK l 90
0
.
4. Ta c:
2 2
' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
3 3
TL TA A D D L AA A D D C a b c o o = + + = + + = + +
.
Chuyn Hnh hc 11 - Thy Trn Vit Knh Quan h vung gc
Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12
- Trang | 4 -
( ) Vi ' ' ' ' .
2 2
' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
3 3
D L b C R a D L C R
SR SD D C C R A D D C C R a b c
o o
o
= = =
= + + = + + = + +
T suy ra:
( )
( )
2
2 2
2 2 2 2 2
2
2
2
2
2 2
2 13 13
. ; ;
3 9 9
2
3 2
3 .
os .
13 13 9
.
9
TL SR a TL a SR a
a
TL SR
c TL SR
TL SR
a
o
o o
o
o
o
o
| | + | | | |
= = + = +
| | |
\ . \ .
\ .
| | +
|
+
\ .
= = =
+ | |
+
|
\ .
M
( ) ( )
( )
2
0
2
3 2
1 1 1
. 60 os .
2 13 9 2 3
TL SR c TL SR
o
o
o
+
= = = =
+
Vy
1 1
' ' '; ' '
3 3
D L D C C R C C = =
th gc to bi TL v SR bng 60
0
.
Gi s TL v SR khng cho nhau th T, L, S, R cng nm trn mt mt phng , ; ST SR SL
ng
phng tc l , (*) x y saocho SR xST ySL - e = +
M:
2 1 1 2 1 2
; ;
3 3 3 3 3 3
ST a c SR a b c SL b c = = + + = +
.
Thay , ; ST SR SL
vo (*) ta c:
2 1
1 2 2 1 2 1
3
3 3 3 3 3 3
2 2
x
a b c xa yb y x c y
y x
=
| |
+ + = + + =
|
\ .
=
H phng trnh trn v nghim nn khng c x,y tho mn (*). Vy TL v SR cho nhau.
Bi 3:
Cho t din u ABCD, gi M, N, P ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh AB, CB, AD v G l trng tm ca tam
gic BCD.
a) Tnh gc gia hai ng thng MG v NP.
b) Chng t rng hai ng thng MG v NP cho nhau.
Chuyn Hnh hc 11 - Thy Trn Vit Knh Quan h vung gc
Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12
- Trang | 5 -
G
P
N
M
B
C
D
A
Gii:
Gi s hnh chp c cnh bng 1.
t ; ; . AD a AB b AC c = = =
a) Ta c:
( )
1
3
AG a b c = + +
( )
1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 3 3 6 3
MG MA AG AB AG b a b c a b c = + = + = + + + = +
( ) ( )
1 1 1
2 2 2
NP NA AP AB AC AD a b c = + = + + =
Ta c
( )
.
os os ,
MG NP
c c MG NP
MG NP
o = =
Ta c
( )
2 2 2
1
. 2 2 3
12
MG NP a b c ab cb = +
M:
2 2 2
1
1;
2
a b c ab ac bc = = = = = =
1 1 2
. ; ;
12 2 2
MG NP MG NP = = =
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Chuyn Hnh hc 11 - Thy Trn Vit Knh Quan h vung gc
Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12
- Trang | 6 -
Vy
2 2
os acr cos
6 6
c o o = =
b) Gi s 3 vc t , , MN MG NP
ng phng , (*) x y sao cho MN xMG yNP - = +
Ta c:
1 1
2 2
MN AC c = =
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(*)
2 3 3 6 2 2 2
0
3 2
0
6 2
1
3 2 2
c xa xc xb ya yb yc
x y
x y
x y
= + +
+ =
+ =
H phng trnh trn v nghim. Vy ba vc t , , MN MG NP
khng ng phng MG v NP
cho nhau.
Gio vin: Trn Vit Knh
Ngun : Hocmai.vn