You are on page 1of 9

Chuyn Hnh hc 11 - Thy Trn Vit Knh Quan h vung gc

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12


- Trang | 1 -




I. Tnh di, gc, din tch:
1. Tnh di, gc:
Chn trong hnh v 3 vc t a

, b

, c

khng cng nm trong mt phng, bit:


di : | | a a =

, | | b b =

, | | c c =


Gc:
( )

, a b o =

,
( )

, b c | =

,
( )

, c a =


Biu th vecto MN

theo 3 vecto a

, b

, c

MN

= m. a

+ n. b

+ p. c


S dng cng thc:
MN
2
=
2
MN

=
2
( . . . ) ma n b p c + +


=
2 2 2
( . ) ( . ) ( . ) 2 . . . 2 . . . 2 . . . ma n b p c mn a b m p a c n p b c + + + + +


- Ch : +
2
2
a a =

,
2
2
b b =

,
2
2
c c =


+ . . .cos a b a b o =


. . .cos b c b c | =


. . .cos a c a c =


2. Tnh s o gc

NMP:
Chn trong hnh v 3 vc t a

, b

, c

(ging 1)
Biu th , MN MP

theo a

, b

, c


1 1 1
. . . MN m a n b p c = + +



2 2 2
. . . MP m a n b p c = + +


S dng cng thc:

.
MNMP
cosNMP
MN MP
=


Tnh di MN, MP (ging 1)
Tnh , MN MP

= (
1 1 1
. . . m a n b p c + +

)(
2 2 2
. . . m a n b p c + +

) (s dng ch 1)
s

NMP = ?
BI GING 02.
S DNG VECTO GII TON HNH KHNG GIAN
TI LIU BI GING
BN QUYN THUC V
WWW.EDUCATIONPVA.TK
Chuyn Hnh hc 11 - Thy Trn Vit Knh Quan h vung gc

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12
- Trang | 2 -


3. Tnh din tch:
S
MNP
=

2
1 1
. .sin . . 1
2 2
MN MP NMP MN MP cos NMP =
II. V d: (xem clip)

Gio vin: Trn Vit Knh
Ngun : Hocmai.vn


www.educationpva.tk
Chuyn Hnh hc 11 - Thy Trn Vit Knh Quan h vung gc

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12
- Trang | 1 -




Bi 1:
Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.ABCD c cc cnh bng a.Mt mt phng i qua D song song vi DA v
AB, ct ng thng BC ti M. Tnh di on thng DM.
Bi 2.
Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.ABCD c cnh a.
1. Chng minh DB BC v tnh di ng vung gc chung ca DB v BC.
2. Khi t din u MNPQ c M, N nm trn DB v P, Q nm trn BC. Tnh th tch khi t din .
3. im I thuc BC v K thuc BB sao cho 3IB = 2IC v 3KB=2KB. Tnh gc to hai ng thng
DK v BI.
4. im T thuc AA, S thuc AD sao cho TA=2TA v SD = 2SA. L v R l hai im di ng trn cnh
DC v CC sao cho DL=CR. Xc nh v tr ca L v R gc to bi TL v SR l 60
0
. Chng minh TL
v SR cho nhau.
Bi 3.
Cho t din u ABCD, gi M, N, P ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh AB, CB, AD v G l trng tm ca tam gic
BCD.
a) Tnh gc gia hai ng thng MG v NP.
b) Chng t rng hai ng thng MG v NP cho nhau.


Gio vin: Trn Vit Knh
Ngun : Hocmai.vn



BI GING 02.
S DNG VECTO GII TON HNH KHNG GIAN
BI TP T LUYN
Chuyn Hnh hc 11 - Thy Trn Vit Knh Quan h vung gc

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12
- Trang | 1 -




Bi 1:
Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.ABCD
c cc cnh bng a.Mt mt phng i
qua D song song vi DA v AB, ct
ng thng BC ti M. Tnh di
on thng DM.



Gii:
t : ' AA a =

; AB b =

; AD c =

.
Theo gi thit ta c ba vct
', '; ' AB DA D M

ng phng
M
D'
C'
B'
A'
B
D
A
C

, m n - e sao cho ' ' ' D M mAB nDA = +

(*).
M: ' AB b a = +

(1)
' DA a c =

(2).
' ' ' ' D M D C C M = +


V ' M C B k e - e sao cho ' ' C M kC B =


( )
' ' ' ' D M D C kC B b k a c ka b kc = + = + = +

(3).
Thay (1), (2), (3) vo (*) ta c:
( ) ka b kc m n a mb nc + = + +


BI GING 02.
S DNG VECTO GII TON HNH KHNG GIAN
P N BI TP T LUYN
Chuyn Hnh hc 11 - Thy Trn Vit Knh Quan h vung gc

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12
- Trang | 2 -


2
1
1 1 1 6
1 ' ' '
2 2 2 2
1
2
m
k m n
a
m k D M a b c D M D M
k m
n

=
= +


= = = + + = =


=



Bi 2:
Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.ABCD c
cnh a.
1. Chng minh DB BC v tnh di
ng vung gc chung ca DB v BC.
2. Khi t din u MNPQ c M, N nm trn
DB v P, Q nm trn BC. Tnh th tch khi
t din .
D'
C'
B'
A'
B
D
A
C
F
E
I
K
T
S
L
R

3. im I thuc BC v K thuc BB sao cho 3IB = 2IC v 3KB=2KB. Tnh gc to hai ng
thng DK v BI.
4. im T thuc AA, S thuc AD sao cho TA=2TA v SD = 2SA. L v R l hai im di ng trn
cnh DC v CC sao cho DL=CR. Xc nh v tr ca L v R gc to bi TL v SR l 60
0
.
Chng minh TL v SR cho nhau.
Gii:
t ' ; ; . AA a AB b AD c = = =

Ta c ; 0 a b c a ab bc ac = = = = = =

.
1. ' ' DB DA AB BB a b c = + + = +


' ' BC BB BC a c = + = +


Do :
( )( )
2 2
'. ' . . . . DB BC a b c a c a a c b a b c c a c = + + = + + +


=0
' ' DB BC .
Gi s EF l ng vung gc chung ca DB v BC
( ) '; ' E DB F BC e e .
Chuyn Hnh hc 11 - Thy Trn Vit Knh Quan h vung gc

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12
- Trang | 3 -


( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
' . ' . .
' . ' . .
. .
1 1
E DB DE DB a b c
F BC BF BC a c
EF ED DA AB BF a b c b c a c
a b c
o o
| |
o |
| o o | o
e = = +
e = = +
= + + + = + + + +
= + + +





EF l ng vung gc chung ca DB v BC
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
1 1 0
. ' 0
. ' 0
1 1 0
2
3
1
2
a b c a b c
EF DB
EF BC
a b c a c
| o o | o
| o o | o
o
|
(
+ + + + =

=



( =
+ + + + =





Vy
( )
2
1 1 1 1 6
2
6 3 6 6 6
a
EF a b c EF a b c = + + = + + =



2. Khi t din u MNPQ nhn E, F l trung
im ca MN v PQ. Gi x l di ca cnh
ca t din u. Ta c:
EP
2
=EF
2
+PF
2
2 2 2
3 3
4 6 4 3
x a x a
x = + =
.
Vy th tch ca khi t din MNPQ l:
3
6
.
36
MNPQ PQE
a
V S MN = =
M
Q
P
N
E
F

3.
2 2
' ' ' ' '
5 5
2 2
'
5 5
2 2
. 0
5 5
BI BB B I BB B C a c
DK DA AB BK AD AB BB a b c
BI DK a c a b c
= + = + = +
= + + = + + = +
| || |
= + + =
| |
\ .\ .







Vy gc to bi BI v DK l 90
0
.
4. Ta c:
2 2
' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
3 3
TL TA A D D L AA A D D C a b c o o = + + = + + = + +


.
Chuyn Hnh hc 11 - Thy Trn Vit Knh Quan h vung gc

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12
- Trang | 4 -


( ) Vi ' ' ' ' .
2 2
' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
3 3
D L b C R a D L C R
SR SD D C C R A D D C C R a b c
o o
o
= = =
= + + = + + = + +





T suy ra:
( )
( )
2
2 2
2 2 2 2 2
2
2
2
2
2 2
2 13 13
. ; ;
3 9 9
2
3 2
3 .
os .
13 13 9
.
9
TL SR a TL a SR a
a
TL SR
c TL SR
TL SR
a
o
o o
o
o
o
o
| | + | | | |
= = + = +
| | |
\ . \ .
\ .
| | +
|
+
\ .
= = =
+ | |
+
|
\ .





M
( ) ( )
( )
2
0
2
3 2
1 1 1
. 60 os .
2 13 9 2 3
TL SR c TL SR
o
o
o
+
= = = =
+


Vy
1 1
' ' '; ' '
3 3
D L D C C R C C = =

th gc to bi TL v SR bng 60
0
.
Gi s TL v SR khng cho nhau th T, L, S, R cng nm trn mt mt phng , ; ST SR SL

ng
phng tc l , (*) x y saocho SR xST ySL - e = +


M:
2 1 1 2 1 2
; ;
3 3 3 3 3 3
ST a c SR a b c SL b c = = + + = +


.
Thay , ; ST SR SL

vo (*) ta c:
2 1
1 2 2 1 2 1
3
3 3 3 3 3 3
2 2
x
a b c xa yb y x c y
y x
=
| |
+ + = + + =

|
\ .

=




H phng trnh trn v nghim nn khng c x,y tho mn (*). Vy TL v SR cho nhau.
Bi 3:
Cho t din u ABCD, gi M, N, P ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh AB, CB, AD v G l trng tm ca tam
gic BCD.
a) Tnh gc gia hai ng thng MG v NP.
b) Chng t rng hai ng thng MG v NP cho nhau.
Chuyn Hnh hc 11 - Thy Trn Vit Knh Quan h vung gc

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12
- Trang | 5 -




G
P
N
M
B
C
D
A

Gii:
Gi s hnh chp c cnh bng 1.
t ; ; . AD a AB b AC c = = =


a) Ta c:
( )
1
3
AG a b c = + +



( )
1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 3 3 6 3
MG MA AG AB AG b a b c a b c = + = + = + + + = +



( ) ( )
1 1 1
2 2 2
NP NA AP AB AC AD a b c = + = + + =



Ta c
( )
.
os os ,
MG NP
c c MG NP
MG NP
o = =



Ta c
( )
2 2 2
1
. 2 2 3
12
MG NP a b c ab cb = +



M:
2 2 2
1
1;
2
a b c ab ac bc = = = = = =



1 1 2
. ; ;
12 2 2
MG NP MG NP = = =


www.educationpva.tk
Chuyn Hnh hc 11 - Thy Trn Vit Knh Quan h vung gc

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12
- Trang | 6 -


Vy
2 2
os acr cos
6 6
c o o = =
b) Gi s 3 vc t , , MN MG NP

ng phng , (*) x y sao cho MN xMG yNP - = +


Ta c:
1 1
2 2
MN AC c = =



1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(*)
2 3 3 6 2 2 2
0
3 2
0
6 2
1
3 2 2
c xa xc xb ya yb yc
x y
x y
x y
= + +

+ =

+ =




H phng trnh trn v nghim. Vy ba vc t , , MN MG NP

khng ng phng MG v NP
cho nhau.

Gio vin: Trn Vit Knh
Ngun : Hocmai.vn

You might also like