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KINH T-KHEO NA-TIN

Cn Long i Tng Kinh Quyn 108, trang 706-753


Thin Nht phng dch v tm hiu
Ngun
www.thuvienhoasen.org
Chuyn sang ebook 29-6-2009
Ngi thc hin : Nam Thin namthien@gmail.com
Link Audio Ti Website http://www.phatphaponline.org
Mc Lc
Ni-dung tp sch ny gm c:
1.- Ti sao ti li phng-dch ''Kinh Na-Tin''?
2.- Xut-x ca quyn ''Na-Tin T-Kheo Kinh''.
3.- Ni-dung c b-cc c phn hi ''lng-lo''.
4.- Vin ngc qu th nht trong b Lun ''Na-Tin T-Kheo Kinh''
5.- Vin ngc qu th hai trong b Lun ''Na-Tin T-Kheo Kinh''.
6.- Nhn nhn thy ''hn ngc n'' trong li p ca T-kheo Na-Tin v vn- Ti-sanh.
7.- Li ni ngn vng ca Ngi X-li-pht.
8.- B Lun ''Na-Tin T-Kheo Kinh'' gip ta n li Gio-l vi n ci hm-tiu!
A.- Bn Phng-dch
Quyn Thng
001.- c Pht vo rng tng.
002.- Tng-vng vo rng tng gp c Pht.
003.- Tng-vng n cha nghe Kinh
004.- Tin-kip ca t-kheo Na-Tin v vua Di-Lan
005.- Na-Tin xut-gia cu o vi Lu-Hn.
006.- Na-Tin n cha Ho-Thin-T.
007.- Na-Tin b S Ca-Duy-Vit trc-xut, lin i vo rng n-tu v c qu-v A-lahn.
008.- Na-Tin i hnh-o trong dn-gian.
009.- Vua Di-Lan cai-tr nc X-Kit.
010.- Vua Di-Lan hi b tu-s D-Ho-La.
011.- Vua Di-Lan thnh Na-Tin.
012.- Vua Di-Lan va gp Na-Tin.
013.- Ai l Na-Tin? Xe l g? Ngi l g?
014.- Thi- ng-n khi tho-lun.
015.- Cu hi rt kh: chng nghe hi, m c p ri chng?
016.- Thnh Na-Tin, mi thm bao-nhiu sa-mn
017.- Dc ng, Na-Tin khai-ng cho Trim.
018.- Bn v iu tinh-yu: ti sao lm sa-mn?
019.- Ti sao phi sanh tr li? Tr-hu gip c g?
020.- Thin l g? Thnh-tn l g?

021.- Nm iu c l nhng g?
022.- Tinh-tn l lm sao?
023.- Hiu-thun y l tun theo 37 Phm tr o.
024.- Th no l bn s dng- (= t nim-x)?
025.- Th no l bn s on-?
026.- Th no l bn nim thn-tc?
027.- Nm cn l nhng g?
028.- Nm lc gm c nhng g?
029.- Th no l by gic-?
030.- Tm loi o-hnh (Bt chnh-o) l nhng g?
031.- Ly Bt-Chnh-o lm cn-bn tu-hnh.
032.- Tinh-tn l g?
033.- Nim iu thin l phi lm sao?
034.- Th no gi l nht-tm?
035.- Tr-hu l nh th no?
036.- Cc loi Kinh u dy iu thin nhm vo vic tn-dit cc iu c .
037.- Ngi ti-sanh li th dng thn c, hay l c thn mi?
038.- Ngi ht ti-sanh c bit mnh chng sanh li i sau hay khng?
039.- Kh-nng ca Tr-hu ra sao?
040.- Nm iu thin l nhng g?
041.- V sao bc c-o cn sng li phi chu kh?
Quyn Trung
042.- Ba loi cm-th: vui, kh, chng vui chng kh.
043.- Khi cht ri, ai sanh tr li?
044.- Vua hi, Na-Tin c sanh tr li na khng?
045.- Danh-Thn ngha l g?
046.- Thi-gian.
047.- Thi-gian cng vi Danh-Thn trin-chuyn.
048.- ''Ngi c gc'' ngha l g?
049.- Ci ''gc sanh-t'' l g?
050.- Th-gian chng h c vic t-nhin m sanh ra
051.- ''Ci g'' l ''Ngi''?
052.- Mt v tm cng thy.
053.- Gic-quan v tm phi-hip nhau .
054.- Vui-sng ngha l g?
055.- Gic-tri l g?
056.- S-nim l g?
057.- Th no ni-ng?
058.- Cc tm-nim phi-hip nhau ri chng tch ra ring t mn c.
059.- V ca mui .
060.- Nm gic-quan .
061.- Ti sao c s bt-bnh-ng gia loi ngi?
062.- Phi lm iu lnh t trc .
063.- ''Lc ring'' phi chng l ''Nghip-lc''?
064.- Bn i (bn nguyn-t) nng vo nhau .

065.- Nit-bn l vt qua chng tr li.


066.- Dc o Nit-bn .
067.- Du cha c Nit-bn, cng c th bit Nit-bn l vui-sng .
068.- Chng tng thy Pht, u c ngha l chng h c c Pht .
Quyn H
069.- Chng ai thng ni c Pht.
070.- Khi ti-sanh, con ngi th thn mi.
071.- Thn mi mang theo nghip ca thn c.
072.- Ch lm thin-c trc, nay vo u?
073.- Ngi phi ti-sanh, t bit iu .
074.- C Nit-bn chng?
075.- Sa-mn gi-gn thn, ch chng mn-thng thn.
076.- Thn-tng trang-nghim ca c Pht.
077.- c Pht u phi l -t cu i-Phm-thin.
078.- c Pht t bit ly Kinh-k v Gii-lut.
079.- Khc cha m cht v khc khi nghe Kinh Pht.
080.- Bc c o v k cha c o, khc nhau.
081.- Tr-nh ca con ngi.
082.- Mi su cch nh li vic c.
083.- c Pht bit tt c, sao chng dy ht mt ln?
084.- L lm c, bit nim Pht, cht khi sa a-ngc
085.- Sa-mn hc o v mun thot mi kh v sau.
086.- Bc La-hn bay ln Tri nhanh nh dui cnh tay
087.- Cht cng lc th n ni ti-sanh cng mt lc.
088.- Dng by vic hc bit o.
089.- L lm iu c, bit hi-ci, ti gim i dn.
090.- Ngi tr, k ngu cng lm c ai nng ti hn?
091.- Sc thn-tc.
092.- C th ngng hi th ra vo chng?
093.- Bin v nc bin.
094.- T-duy n cc s-vic cao-thm.
095.-Tinh-thn, Tr-hu v T-nhin.
096.- Phn-tch k thn-tm ra, l v-ng chng?
097.- Lun-bn Gio-Php, Vng v Na-Tin u vui .
B.- Phn Tm hiu Ngha Ch
A

B
C
D

H
K
L
M
N

P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
X
Y
C.- Phn Tm hiu Ngha
098.- Xut-x ca quyn T-kheo Na-Tin.
099.- B-cc quyn T-kheo Na-Tin .
100.- Tm-lc v Tin kip ca Na-Tin v Di-Lan .
101.- Na-Tin c qu A-la-hn .
102.- Sa-mn D-Ho-La b vua Di-Lan hi b .
103.- Vua Di-Lan th-thch T-kheo Na-Tin .
104.- Thi- trong khi bn-lun Gio-php.
105.- Dc ng, Trim-Di-Li c Na-Tin khai-ng .
106.- Sp-xp li cc loi cu hi v Gio-Php .
I.- Vn-: i tu lm Sa-mn
107.- Ti sao i tu lm sa-mn?
108.- C my hng sa-mn?
II.- Vn-: Ti-sanh Lun-hi
109.- Vn- ti-sanh c nu ln nhiu ln trong quyn T-kheo Na-Tin .
110.- Thc-mc ln: Cht ri, i v u?
111.- C ''hin-tng'' ti-sanh hay khng?
112.- Ci g mt, ci g cn, khi cht i?
113.- Ti sao phi ti-sanh li? Ai phi ti-sanh li, cn ai chng phi ti-sanh na?
114.- Ngi ht ti-sanh li c t-bit iu chng?
115.- Vua hi Na-Tin c bit mnh cn phi ti-sanh na khng?
116.- Khi ti-sanh, dng thn c hay c thn mi?
117.- Ch lm thin, c nay i v u v thn mi c mang theo nghip c khng?
118.- Th no l Danh-Sc trin-chuyn qua Thi-gian, tng theo cc nguyn-nhn dy
chuyn?
119.- i-chiu lp-lun ca Na-Tin vi L Mi-hai Nhn-Duyn trong gio-l.
120.- Ci ''gc sanh-t'' ca chng-sanh l g?
121.- Hai ngi cht cng lc, c ti-sanh cng mt lc, hai ni xa gn khc nhau
khng?
122.- Chng h c vic t-nhin m sanh ra .
123.- Vn- ti-sanh Lun-hi: tin hay chng tin?
III.- Vn-: Phn-bit cc iu thin, c .
124.- Nm iu thin v nm iu c l nhng g?
125.- Kinh Thp-Thin k mi iu thin c-th hn.
126.- Phi lm iu thin t trc.
127.- Trt gy iu c, nay phi lm g?

IV.- Vn-: Ba mi by Phm Tr o.


128.- Ba mi by Phm Tr o gm c nhng g?
129.- T nim-x: bn lnh-vc gi chnh-nim.
131.- Phi chng Bn nim thn-tc l T Nh--tc?
132.- Nm cn v nm lc l nhng g?
133.- By Gic- hay l By Gic-chi?
134.- Bt Chnh-o l nhng g?
135.- Ly tm loi o-hnh (Bt Chnh-o) lm cn-bn tu-hnh.
V.- Vn-: Tr - Hu .
136.- Vn- Tr-Hu c t ra y nh th no?
137.- Th no l Tr-Hu?
138.- Tr-hu vi Bn-nng, v vi Nghip-lc .
139.- Tr nh v cc cch nh li ca con ngi.
VI.- Vn-: Cc loi cm-th .
140.- Ba loi cm-th: lc-th, kh-th v x-th .
VII.- Vn-: c o v ci Nit-bn.
141.- Vn- c o trong quyn ''T-kheo Na-Tin''
142.- Lm cch no hc bit o?
143.- Bc c o khc k cha c o im no?
144.- Bc c o c nhng kh-nng no?
145.- Bc c o suy-t n cc iu cao-thm.
146.- Nit-bn l g?
147.- Sng n bao gi mi ''nhp Nit-bn''?
VIII.- Vn-: Pht
148.- 32 tng trang-nghim trn thn Pht.
149.- Kh-nng siu-vit ca c Pht.
IX.- Vn-: Con ngi v thuyt V-ng
150.- Th-gian chng c ''ngi''.
151.- T nhn-thc n -thc .
152.- Gic-quan v tm phi-hip sanh ra sng-kh .
153.- Cc tm-s phi-hip ri chng tch ra c .
154.- Vai-tr ca cc gic-quan .
155.- S bt-bnh-ng ni loi ngi .
156.- ''Lc ring'' hay l chnh l Nghip-lc?
157.- Nn c thi- no i vi thn-tm ny?
158.- Thn-tm ny, khi phn-tch k ra, l v-ng.
X.- Vn-: Cc cu hi linh-tinh v kin-thc tng-qut
159.- Mui, nc bin v bin .
160.- T-i l g?
161.- Khc .
162.- Tm-trng ca Vua Di-Lan v T-kheo Na-Tin sau cuc m-lun v o-php .
D- Bn Phin-m NA-TIN T-KHEO KINH
Quyn Thng
Quyn Trung
Quyn H

Ni-dung tp sch ny gm c:
A.- Bn Phng-dch t chnh-vn trong i-Tng, cn thiu tn tc-gi ch
Phn v dch-gi ch Hn;
B.- Phn Tm hiu Ngha Ch: t-ng Pht-hc c tra T-in v giithch gn, theo th-t A, B, C;
C.- Phn Tm hiu Ngha : cc cu vn-p xp li thnh 10 vn-: 9 v
gio-l, 1 v linh-tinh.
D.- Bn Phin-m Hn-Vit
Thn-knh tng Qu-V o-hu T-nh T-Quang v Thin-vin LinhSn,
nh cc bui tra ni chuyn o vo dp cui tun,
Thin-Nht
Hunh-Hu-Hng
Vi cm-ngh v Kinh T-kheo Na-Tin
Bi Tham-lun thuyt-trnh ti T-nh T-Quang, Montreal, Canada
Kho Nghin-Tu An-C
Thng By 2005
1.- Ti sao ti li phng-dch ''Kinh Na-Tin''?
Quyn ''Na-Tin T-kheo Kinh'' l mt b Lun ghi bng ting Pali, rt ni
danh, c phin-dch ra nhiu th ting: ting Hn, ting Vit, ting Min,
ting Thi, ting Tch-lan, ting Anh, ting Php, v.v. Ti Vit-Nam, c
cc bn dch ca cc C-s on-Trung-Cn, Cao-Hu-nh, v ca HaThng Gii-Nghim, rt ph-bin. Ti sao Thin Nht cn ''o-bng''
mang ra dch na?
1.- Thin Nht hc Kinh k Pht xut-x t Hn-Tng, nn ch bit c v
tm hiu cc bn Kinh k c dch ra ting Vit ca cc bc i-s VitNam. Chng phi cc Kinh sch ch Anh, ch Php qu kh-khn, nhng
khi tm hiu v chng, Thin Nht cm thy chng ''hi xa l'' i vi ngi
Vit c sc hc trung-bnh, tu theo ng-li ca ng-b li. Nh trong
Hn-tng dng hai ch H v Lc ch hai thin-chi ca S-Thin, cc sch
Anh-ng dch ra l Joy, Happlness, Bliss... ; trong khi ting Vit
thun-ty ca ta li c hai ch Mng v Vui, rt d hiu m m-t rt r-

rng tm-trng ca thin-gi khi sp bc vo nh-tm: Mng th thn cn


ang xc-ng, tm cn vng-ng. Vui th khi ni mng lng-du, tm-
lng-lng, nh-nhng. Sao ta li b qun chng dng nhng ting Vit
thng-thng y din-t hai thin-chi , mt cch gin-d v rt chnhxc? Chnh v l m Thin Nht mo-mui em bn vn Hn-tng
phng-dch ra ting Vit thng-thng ngy nay, trc cho mnh tm hiu
v hc-hi bng ting Vit, sau cng c th gip c phn no li-ch cho
cc bn o cng tu.
2.- Mi cui tun vo cha ly Pht nghe kinh, nhn ln cc t king sp
hng-hng lp-lp cc b Kinh ch Hn trong i-Tng, Thin Nht chng
khi bi-ngi ngh n thn-phn dt-nt ca mnh cn cha dm m mt
quyn no ra c, v l vn-ling ch Hn ca mnh qu t-oi, hiu c mt
ch l kh, ni chi n ngha-l cao-siu, huyn-diu c ''gi-ghm k''
trong cc dng ch m con mt tht mnh nhn thy qu b-him! Cc b
Kinh c Vit-dch cng chng d chi m hiu cho tn-tng, v l cn
nhan-nhn cc danh-t Phn-ng c phin-m ra Hn-vn, c l cn kh
nghe hn ch Pali chnh gc. Ho-hon lm mi thy ni vi quyn, sau
phn dch-thut v cc-ch, c nm ba trang him-hoi pha sau, giithch vn-tt -ngha cao-su li ch Pht v B-tt m li cho con ng
tu-tp. Ngi hc Pht, vi thnh-tm mong c gic-ng v gii-thot,
kh m tm thy mt quyn Kinh vi y- li gii-thch bng ngn-t
thng-thng, cng s phn-tch r-rng cc im chnh-yu cn lu-tm,
vng lng bc i, t bc mt, trn con ng hc-hi gio-l nh
Pht. Ni tm li, cn cha thy c nhiu kinh-sch c son di hnhthc gio-khoa-th, cho mt ngi bp-b mi bit hc Pht nh Thin
Nht c th dng lm quyn sch gi u ging m hc Kinh hc K.
Nhn tm thy trong Hn-Tng bn c-vn dch t ch Phn, b Lun
Milinda panha, nhan l ''Na-Tin T-Kheo Kinh'', thiu tn dch-gi, c
sao-lc li t thi ng-Tn bn Tu (khong th-k th 5), Thin Nht mi
mo-mui em ra ''phng-dch'' thnh ting Vit thng-thng ngy nay.
Mc-ch ch l c mt bn Vit-vn m hc n li gio-l, v ni-dung
b Lun ny nu ra gn trm cu thc-mc, nghi-ng, ca vua Milinda (DiLan) cng vi li gii-thch kh r-rng v y- ca T-kheo Nagasena
(Na-Tin) v Gio-php ca c Pht. Trong khi phng-dch, Thin Nht
nhn thy vi t-ng chuyn-mn v Pht-hc trong bn dch Hn-vn ht
cn thch-hp vi cc thut-ng ngy nay, nh Ba-mi-by Phm Kinh
thay v ni Ba-mi-by Phm Tr-o, nh Hiu-thun thay v Gii-hnh,
nh Danh-Thn thay v Danh-Sc, nh Lc ring thay v Nghip-lc, v.v.

nn Thin Nht mun -ngh thay-th bng cc danh-t ang hin-hnh,


nhng chng dm t-tin sa li trong phn phng-dch theo Hn-vn, m
ch xin ghi li sau, ni phn Tm hiu Ngha Ch. V nhn , c chp li
hn hai mi trang li gii-thch vn-tt cc ch kh, sp-xp theo th-t A,
B, C, cc bn tr no mun dng n tp sch nh y, khi phi mt cng
tra thm T-in.
Li na, cc cu hi thc-mc ca vua Di-Lan thng l ty-hng, nghe
ging n u th hi n y, chng theo mt -mc nht-nh no, li
thm c nhc ti nhc lui nhiu ln lm ch khc nhau, nn Thin Nht,
khi tm hiu v -ngha gio-l trong quyn Lun ny, thy nn sp xp li
cc cu hi ra mi vn-, chn thuc v gio-l v mt v cc cu hi
linh-tinh c lin-quan n kin-thc tng-qut. Khi sp-xp cc cu hi ca
vua Di-Lan li, ng theo th-t cc vn- gio-l, Thin Nht c ghi li
trong phn Tm hiu Ngha Y ca mnh, cc im bt-ng -kin vi v Tkheo li-lc, chng phi l dm khoe mnh c ''bit cht nh'' v gio-l,
m chnh l gi ln c-hi cho cc bn tr, em t li vn- vi cc v
Thy dy o ca mnh, hu c c li gii-p thch-ng (v nh lm n
cho Thin Nht bit vi, hc hi thm).
2.- Xut-x ca quyn ''Na-Tin T-Kheo Kinh''.
B Lun Milinda panha c ghi li bng ting Phn, tc-gi l ai, hin cn
cha c cc hc-gi v Pht-hc trn th-gii xc-nh r. Bc-Tng cho
rng B-tt Long-Th (Nagarjuna) sng-tc quyn ny, v Ngi mun
mn tn ca Na-Tin (Nagasena) i-p v Gio-php vi vua
Mnandre m Ngi m-ch l Di-Lan (bn dch ca i-c-s on-TrungCn gi l Di-Lan-). Cn Ha-thng Gii-Nghim, nguyn Tng-Thng
Gio-hi Pht-gio Nguyn-thy Vit-nam, ghi tn tc-gi l Ngi
Pitakaculbhaya, gc ngi Trung-n.
Quyn Milinda panha c gi l Kinh, v c kt-tp trong h Pali ni
Tiu-B-Kinh (Khuddaka Nikaya). Bn dch Hn-vn ''Na-Tin T-Kheo
Kinh'' c ghi trong Hn-Tng, Cn-Long i-Tang Kinh, quyn s 108,
cc trang t 706 n 753. ng ra l mt b Lun c mt v i-s
trc-tc, s d c tn-vinh l Kinh, c l v ni-dung cao-su ta nh li
ca ch Pht hay B-tt.
Cc bn thanh-nin nghin-cu v Pht-hc c th i hi thm v tiu-s
ca tc-gi, cng l-do no khin tc-gi sng-tc nn b Lun ny. i

hi ny rt chnh-ng khi ta cn nghin-cu k-lng mt vn- trit-hc


hay vn-chng. Nhng Thin Nht chng thy c my-may thc-mc chi
v cc chi-tit quan-trng . Ti sao? V khi hc Kinh-k, Thin Nht ch
cn bit l mt bn Kinh c ghi trong i-Tng, iu quan-trng l tm
hiu -ngha v li dy tu-tp, cn vic nghin-cu ng theo cc phngphp khoa-hc ca nh kho-c, th xin knh-cn ch s chng-minh chnhxc vi y- bng-c ca cc bc i-tr-thc. Li na, mnh c Kinh
Pht ch cn hiu v bit ng-dng li dy tu-tp v ng tu ca mnh, hn
l thc-mc v danh-xng, tiu-s, v.v..., th-d nh trong Tm-Kinh BtNh c ni n B-tt Qun-T-Ti, c cc v i-s gii-thch l tn
khc ca B-tt Qun-Th-m, mnh cn chi thc-mc l ng hay sai; cn
ch ng thc-mc l mnh c theo Kinh tu-tp tnh Khng cha, v
nay ti mc no ri. Do , Thin Nht -ngh nn xem b Lun ''NaTin T-Kheo Kinh'' do mt bc c-c no sng-tc vo mt thi xaxa, vy thi!
3.- Ni-dung c b-cc c phn hi ''lng-lo''.
B ''Na-Tin T-Kheo Kinh'' trong Hn-Tng c chia ra lm ba quyn:
Thng, Trung, H, nhng xt theo -ngha, li vn, th chng thy c s
phn-bit r-rng gia ba quyn , v l cc cu hi quyn Thng li
c nhc li quyn Trung v quyn H; cng nh hai quyn sau, vn
thy cn bn li cc vn- c tho-lun quyn trc. S d c s
trng-ip l v cc cu hi ca vua Di-Lan phn ln l ty-hng, nhn
nghe ging mt on ri lin nu ln thc-mc, khin cho mch kinh-vn...
hi ''lng-lo''.
V Ni-dung, b Lun ''Na-Tin T-Kheo'' c th tm chia ra lm ba phn:
1.- Tin-kip ca T-kheo Na-Tin v ca vua Di-Lan;
2.- Cc cu vn-p gia nh Vua v v T-kheo li-lc;
3.- Tm-trng ca Vua Di-Lan v T-kheo Na-Tin sau cuc m-lun l-th
v gio-l.
Ring phn vn-p, trong Hn-tng c ghi vo khong mt trm cu hi;
ni Tng Pali, s cu hi thay i ln xung ty vo ni xut-bn, khong
hn hai trm su mi cu. iu ny cho thy bn nguyn-tc bng ch
Phn c th b thm bt, thay i, ty theo thi-gian v ni chn xut-bn
b Lun.

tin vic nghin-cu, Thin Nht sp-xp li, trong Phn Tm hiu
Ngha Y ca mnh, thnh mi vn-: chn v gio-l, v mt v cc kinthc tng-qut linh-tinh. V tun theo th-t trong bn nguyn-tc khi cc
cu hi c vua Di-Lan ln-lt nu ln, nn chn vn- gio-l c ghi
chp li nh sau:
1.- Ti sao i tu lm Sa-mn?
2.- S ti-sanh, nghip-lc v thuyt Lun-hi;
3.- S phn-bit cc iu thin v c;
4.- 37 Phm tr-o;
5.- Tr-hu;
6.- Cc loi cm-th;
7.- S c o v ci Nit-bn;
8.- c Pht;
9.- Con ''ngi'' v thuyt v-ng.
L ra, nu nhn chung ton-b t-tng din-t trong b Lun ''Na-Tin TKheo Kinh'', ta s thy -tng ct-cn l: Ti sao i tu lm Sa-mn? l
v mun c gic-ng v gii-thot. Gic-ng v iu g? Gic-ng v l
sng-cht v thn-phn ca con ngi. Gii-thot khi iu g? Gii-thot
khi cnh Kh trong vng Lun-hi c an-nhin, t-ti trong ci Nitbn.
khai-trin -tng ct-cn ni trn, tc-gi b Lun ln-lut -cp n
nghip-lc dn-dt chng-sanh theo su no ca vng Lun-hi; ri ch
cho ta thy li ph v vng ln-qun sanh-t , bng cch (a) bit phn-bit
u thin, iu c; (b)tun theo 37 Phm Tr-o; (c) pht-trin Tr-hu
tiu-dit n tn gc-r cc tr-ngi l phin-no-chng v s-tri-chng.
tn-dit ht cc tr-ngi ln-lao , tc-gi phn-tch t-m s phtkhi ca cc cm-th ni thn-tm thng a n cc phin-no-chng,
v vch r s c-chp vo cc t-kin, a ti cc s-tri-chng, nht l
ng-kin, mt t-kin trm-trng hn c. i-tr li vi ng-kin, tc-gi
nhiu ln chng-minh rng trong nm un kt-t li thnh thn-tm ny
chng c ''ci chi'' thng-hng, chng thy ra c ''con ngi'' no ng
lm ch c: l thuyt v-ng trong Pht-hc. V sau cng, h theo ng
con ng tu-tp y, hnh-gi s c o, chng c Nit-bn v-sanh v
an-tnh, theo nh gng ca c Pht i trc.

4.- Vin ngc qu th nht trong b Lun ''Na-Tin T-Kheo Kinh''


i su vo ni-dung ca b Lun ''Na-Tin T-Kheo Kinh'' ta tm thy kh
nhiu vin ngc qu, chng trch no b Lun c tn-vinh l ''Kinh'' v
c s hm-m ca cc hng tr-thc trn khp th-gii t xa n nay.
Vin ngc u-tin l ''Vua Di-Lan th-thch T-kheo Na-Tin hai ln'', nh
vy:
Ln th nht:
Ngay ti bui s-kin, sau cc li thm hi x-giao, vua Di-Lan th-thch
T-kheo Na-Tin, bng mt cu hi kh:
- Na-Tin! Ai l Na-Tin? u l Na-Tin chng?
- u chng phi l Na-Tin.
- Mt, tai, mi, ming l Na-Tin chng?
- Mt, tai, mi, ming chng phi l Na-Tin.
... ... ...
- Vy ch ch no l Na-Tin?
Na-Tin hi li Vng:
- Xe kia, ch no l xe? Trc xe c phi l xe chng?
- Trc xe chng phi l xe.
- Vnh bnh xe c phi l xe chng?
- Vnh bnh xe chng phi l xe.
... ... ...
- Vy th ci g l xe?
Vng im lng chng tr li c.
Na-Tin lin ni:
- Kinh Pht c ni n, hip-t cc b-phn (...) li, l nguyn-nhn c
c chic xe. Con ngi cng li nh vy, h hip-t u mt, tai, mi,
ming... chung li th thnh con ngi.
Vng khen: Lnh thay! Lnh thay!
Ln th hai:
Vng ni:

- Ta c iu mun hi.
- Xin i-Vng c hi.
- Ta hi xong.
- Ti cng p xong.
- p nhng g u?
- i-Vng hi ti nhng g u?
Vng ni:
- Ta chng c ch hi, Na-Tin cng chng c ch p...
Gi y ta th hi: u l ch th-thch? u l vin ngc qu?
Trc nht l cu hi: ''Ai l Na-Tin?'' Ngha su-kn ca cu hi l:
Vy ch ci g mi tht l Na-Tin? Bn-cht ca con ngi l g? Ni thntm con ngi, c ci g l ci Ta, l bn-ng khng? Hoc ni theo nhng
ngi cn m-tn, trong thn-tm ny, c ci linh-hn tn-ti mi qua thigian chng?
Cc cu tr li ca Na-Tin, cng li kt-lun trch-dn trong Kinh Pht u
qui-hng v mt vn- cn-bn ca Gio-l nh Pht: l v-ng, trong
thn-tm con ngi chng h c ci Ta, chng h c ci bn-ng. Tuy NaTin chng ni r ra, nhng ta bit thn-tm con ngi ch l s tp-hp ca
nm un: sc-un l phn vt-cht, gi l thn, v bn un kia, th, tng,
hnh, thc-un thuc v phn tinh-thn, tc l tm. Chng h thy trong
thn-tm ny, u l ng ch gi l Ta, u l linh-hn, gi l phn hn ca
Ta c, ch c cc un tp-hp li m thi. l l-l rt vng-chc chngminh Chn-l v-ng trong Pht-hc.
Na-Tin vt qua d-dng ch Vua th-thch bng cch hi ngc li:
''Xe l g? Ci g trong xe l xe?'' Nh Vua chng tr li c, nh th
Na-Tin thng. Rt tic l nh Vua chng hi thm cc chi-tit v l vng na, chng ta c dp hc-hi v cch-thc Na-Tin gii-p cc
mi nghi-ng cn st li v Chn-l quan-trng ny. Chn-l v-ng l
chn-l kh hiu, kh chng nht trong ba Chn-l: V-thng, Kh, Vng.
Nhng nh Vua li a thm mt cu hi rt kh, nu nhng ai m l-qu,
chng nhanh-tr nh Na-Tin, th lin lt vo cm-by ngay. Hi m chng
nu ra cu hi l hi lm sao? p m chng ni ra li, l p cch no?
Vua v Na-Tin ang so gm tr-hu vi nhau y!

Nh Vua mun hi Na-Tin m chng nu cu hi ra, tc l nh Vua mun


hi g y? Hai ng ang bn-lun v gio-php, th th cu nh Vua mun
hi l cu hi thuc v Php (Dharma, Gio-Php) ch g. Ti sao Vua
chng ni ra l cu hi v Php? Bi l-l rt cao-siu l Php vn
Khng, tc l Php vn rng-rang, chng cha ng g, chng dnh-mc g,
chng c hnh-tng g, th lm sao din-t ra bng li ni c. Nu c ni
ra cu hi v Php, tc l mc-nhin ph-nhn tnh-cht rng-rang ca Php
ri, u nu ln c ch Php-khng trong gio-l, li cn khoc thm cho
Php mt hnh-tng ngn-t na.
Na-Tin qu l nhanh-tr, bit ngay ch n- ca nh Vua, nn mi p l
'' p xong'', m chng nu r l p nhng g. Nu Na-Tin v-tnh hi
li nh Vua, Vua va ni '' hi ri'' l hi nhng g u? th Na-Tin lin
ri ngay vo cm-by ca Vua, ch i mt cu hi v Php bng ngn-t.
Php vn l Khng sao din ra bng hnh-tng ca li ni hi thnh cu
hi, ho ra cn cha hiu c im gio-l rt quan-trng ca nh Pht hay
sao?
Tr li cu hi u-tin: ''Ai l Na-Tin?'', -ngha su-xa ca cu hi ny l
vn- Ng-khng trong Gio-l Nam-Tng. Cu hi th-thch th nh ca
nh Vua: ''Ta c iu mun hi'' c lin-quan n vn- Php-khng trong
Gio-l Bc-Tng. C hai ln th-thch kh-khn ny u c Na-Tin
vt qua mt cch xut-sc: dng gy ng m p lng ng. Nhng cn rt
xut-sc hn na l tc-gi b Lun ''Na-Tin T-Kheo Kinh'' ny, trnhby hai vn- cc-k t-nh di hnh-thc vn-p ht sc n-gin, d
hiu v y hng-th!
l vin ngc qu th nht c tm thy v nay xin em dng-hin ln
qu V. Cn nhiu vin ngc qu khc na, Thin Nht e-ngi sc hc ca
mnh cha ti mc tm thy ra ht.
5.- Vin ngc qu th hai trong b Lun ''Na-Tin T-Kheo Kinh''.
Vin ngc ny lin-quan n Thi- ng-n trong khi bn-lun v GioPhp. Xin chp li on vn quan-trng sau y trong b Lun ''Na-Tin TKheo Kinh'' ni n thi- ng-n y:
Vng hi Na-Tin:
- S c th cng Ta bn-lun v cc Kinh kh chng?
- Nu Vua dng tr-hu hi ti, th c th cng nhau bn-lun. Nu Vua

dng li vng-gi kiu-qu, th chng th cng Vua bn-lun c.


- Tr-hu c bao nhiu loi?
- Bc tr-gi, khi m-lun, ht sc vn hi cng nhau, gii r cng nhau, li
ni cao, li ni thp, li ni chnh-trc, li ni bt-chnh; c thng, c thua
t mnh bit ly phi tri, l tr-hu ti-thng, chng cn cht gin-hn.
Bc tr-gi l nh th .
- Li ni vng-gi c bao nhiu loi?
- Li ni vng-gi t phng theo cm-ngh ca mnh, h c ch tri l
chng nh Vua, tc thi Vua bt ti nng, pht git i. Nh th l li
ni bc vng-gi.
Vng lin ni rng:
- Nguyn dng li ni ca bc tr-gi, chng dng li ni ca vng-gi,
chng gi -ngh vng-gi trong li mnh ni, ch nn ni theo nh li t ca ch Sa-mn, nh li cc v u-b-tc. Nn theo li ca ch Sa-mn
m khin cho lng mnh chng mang s-hi, chnh-tm cng c khaing.
Na-Tin lin tht ln rng:
- Tht lnh thay!
S phn-bit ca Na-Tin gia li ni ca bc tr-gi v li ni ca bc
vng-gi, a n thi- ng-n cho nhng ai tham-d mt cuc tranhlun v Gio-Php. Li ni ngay-thng, chn-chnh, hng v Chn-l, c
thua, c thng, t mnh mnh bit ly phi-tri, du tht-bi cng chng cht
gin-hn, tri-ngc hn vi thi- ca k bng-bnh, ngoan-c, bit r
mi-mi i-phng hu-l m vn c cng-cu, phi chng l v ti cn qu su-m, ci Ng cn to-tng nh ... ci b! Li ni kiu-qu,
phng theo cm-ngh ca ring mnh, gp ch chng va th hung-hng
chng-i, bo-v cc thnh-kin c-chp, l thi- ca k t-cao
trong mt pht ''bc-ng'' di-kh b qua mt c-hi hng li-lc c
n gn vi Chn-l m i-phng mang ti cho mnh.
c khim-cung ca vua Di-Lan c biu-l ra rt r-rng trong li ni
sau y, tht ng cho ta khm-phc:
- Nguyn dng li ni ca bc tr-gi, (...) chng gi -ngh vng-gi trong
li mnh ni...

Vin ngc qu th hai ca b Lun chnh l nm ngay ti y.


*
Khi suy-gm v on vn ''qu-gi'' trn y thut li i-p gia Na-Tin
v vua Di-Lan, Thin Nht c thm vi cm-ngh th-thin ca mnh, v
thi- chn-chnh ti cc bui ni chuyn o:
1.- Kinh-sch Pht-hc thng nhc n li c Pht dy l phi trnh cc
cuc h-lun. Th no l h-lun? H l vui-a. Lun l bn-ci. Thng
thy, tip theo cc bui tr d tu hu, nhiu ngi t nhn l ''bc tr-thc
hiu o'' ngi nhm-nhi tch tr, bn-lun nhau vi li-l dao to ba ln
m -ngha li rng-tuch, ph-bnh v i-s ny, khen ngi v thin-gi
kia, t ng sang Ty, ht kim n c, l ... bn lun chi cho vui, vy
thi, ch no phi i tm Chn-L rt ly kinh-nghim tu-tp. Th cho
nn, c Pht mi gi l h-lun v dy ta cn phi trnh.
2.- Kinh-sch Pht-hc phn-bit hai loi Chn-L: (1) s-tht th-gian, c
th ng ni ny, vo lc ny, m cng c th chng hp vi ch kia, vo
mt thi khc, cho nn gi l tc-, ngha l s-tht tng-i trong i
sng th-tc; (2) s-tht ng mun i v khp mi ni, a con ngi tuhnh n ni gic-ng v gii-thot, v th cho nn mi gi l chn-,
ngha l Chn-L tuyt-i ca lnh-vc xut-th-gian. Bi th ngi hiubit bao gi cng ngh l mnh cha h nm vng c Chn-, nn phi
gi thi- khim-ho, chng dm liu-lnh bo rng iu mnh ni y l
s-tht duy-nht v ti-thng. Tri li, tm-trng k y nn m rng ra n
nhn tm-thi li-l ca ngi i-thoi, hn vi lng mnh s truy-cu
thm ch ng cng sai, hu rt ly kinh-nghim tu-tp cho bn-thn.
3.- Thi- thch-nghi khi lun-bn v Gio-l l phi ht sc thnh-khn
trong t-tng v li ni:
a.- V pha ngi tha hi, v-th ca ngi i hc o, cn phi gi l-
vi ngi m mnh tha-thnh. Thi- ng-n l nu ra cc cu hi cho
r-rng, ch-trng n ch mnh cn nghi-ng cha c gii r. V khi
nghe li ging-gii, phi lng lng, ch-tm, chng vi chp-nhn m cng
chng bi-bc ngay, nu c ch cha kp hiu, th xin c minh-chng
thm bng cc th-d c-th trong i sng hng ngy.
b.- V phn ngi c hi, chng bao gi khi ln trong lng mnh mt
cht -ngh t-ho cn-con no rng mnh bit o hn ngi kia, nu

chng ng lm Thy th cng l ngi i trc. V khi ging-gii, phi ty


theo cn-c ca ngi nghe m dng li-l gin-d, r-rng, d hiu, km
theo cc th-d thc-t.
4.- Trong mt cuc tho-lun v cc vn- o-gio, c hai iu m k hi
v ngi p, cn nn trnh, th mi xng-danh l mt cuc tho-lun ngn v hu-ch:
a.- V pha ngi hi, ch bao gi c n- mun dn k i-thoi vo ... ng
b. Trn i-ht tm-linh, c nhiu vn- m chnh c Pht gi l btkh t-ngh, ngha l chng th ngh bn rt-ro c vi li-l ca th-gian.
ng i hi c cho c nhng bng-c tht c-th, tai nghe mt thy, c
thc-nghim ca khoa-hc chng-minh ri mi chp-nhn. iu mnh chng
tin c, trong khung-cnh thi-gian v khng-gian hin-ti, cha chc hn
l chng th no c c, bit u li l mt s-tht ti mt cnh-gii
khc, vo mt thi khc. Th cho nn, thi- khoa-hc chn-chnh l phi
t ra d-dt, ch vi bc-b hon-ton m cha xt k li kh-nng thnghiu ca tr-c con ngi (v tr-c ca mnh na).
b.- V pha ngi ng vai-tr hng-dn, tng cng chng nn a ra
''ti-hu-th'': ''Ti ni nh th, c tin th tu theo, cn chng tin, th c gi
ly quan-nim ca mnh vy!'' Ngi tha hi thnh-tm mun c gii
ch cn hoi-nghi, nghe cu ni rt chn-nn, v o-tm v th m list.
Li na, cng ng nn dng lun cu ni qu d-dng ny: ''Ti ni th,
o-hu c c i, tng i, thi-hnh theo i, ri s c ngy hiu r c ngha su-xa m o-hu mun hi.'' Ngi hi ang ch i mt vi cu
khuyn thc-tin, i li ging-gii gn-gng v -ngha trong on Kinh,
cu k hin cn thc-mc m-c trong bng, lm sao m tip-tc c-tng
thm c na, nu ch h-nghi cn cha c gii-to. Tng chng c
chi l ng h-thn khi chnh mnh nhn thy mnh cn cha li-l
phn-tch iu ang c hi, sao li chng thnh-tht nhn-nhn s thiust ca mnh v mi ngi hi tm n mt bc cao-minh no khc?
5.- V trong mi trng-hp, ch chng c l ch trong cc dp tho-lun m
thi, lun lun nn gi thi- ci-m, n nhn mi l-l, -- tin hay chng
chu tin, l quyn t-do t-tng ring bn trong ca mnh -- hy lng
nghe cho ngi i-thoi c c-hi trnh-by lp-trng. Thi- ng

trch nht l c-chp, m gi kh-kh cc -kin, cc cm-ngh c-nhn, v


c cc thnh-kin.
6.- Nhn nhn thy ''hn ngc n'' trong li p ca T-kheo Na-Tin v
vn- Ti-sanh.
Vn- Ti-sanh trong vng Lun-hi c cu-xt rt di-dng trong b
Lun ''Na-Tin T-Kheo Kinh'', nhc i nhc li, di nhiu khi-cnh, rirc khp ba quyn Thng, Trung, H. C iu kh ngc-nhin l chng
thy tc-gi b Lun bn n im mu-cht thng gy mi thc-mc ln
trong hng cc thanh-nin nam-n tr tui c hp-th nn vn-minh khoahc vt-cht ngy nay: vic ti-sanh c tht hay chng c tht? Phi chng,
tc-gi b Lun xem vic ti-sanh l mt hin-tng thin-nhin d-nhin,
nh ma bo, sm st ca v-tr, nh cy-ci ga ci c tri, c ht, khi tnt th mc ln cy khc sn-s bn cnh, ri chp-nhn v tin-tng ng
theo thuyt Lun-hi trong Gio-l: chng-sanh khi ht mng sng ny s
ti-sanh li ci i sau? C l v l-do , tc-gi b Lun khi ni n vic
ti-sanh, bn ngay n cc kha-cnh nh: Ti sao phi ti-sanh? Ai phi tisanh li? Ai c gii-thot khi ti-sanh? Khi ti-sanh, c phi do thn-tm
c m mang ly thn-tm mi khng?..., m chng h xt vic ti-sanh tht
c hay khng.
Ta hy tm gt li cu hi mu-cht: ti-sanh c phi l mt hin-tng thts chc-chn xy ra khng?, v hy c qua li cht-vn ca vua Di-Lan vi
T-kheo Na-Tin: ''Na-Tin c cn phi ti-sanh na khng?'' vi hi-vng
tm thy ra ''hn ngc n'':
(1) Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- C ngi cht ri chng phi sanh li na chng?
- C ngi phi sanh li, m cng c ngi chng phi sanh tr li
- Ai cn phi sanh li v ai chng cn sanh li?
- Ngi quyn-luyn nim n-i nhiu, lm s ham-mun, th sanh li i
sau; ngi dt sch s n-i, b ht mi ham-mun th i sau chng phi
sanh tr li ....
(2) Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- C ngi chng sanh li i sau khng, v c t bit c vic chng
sanh li y chng?
- D nhin, c ngi nh th, t bit mnh chng cn ti-sanh.

- Lm sao bit c?
- Ngi y t bit mnh chng cn quyn-luyn n-i, chng cn ham-mun,
chng c iu c, nh bit mnh chng cn phi sanh li na. Th-d nh
ngi nng-phu trng la, c nhiu thc, tr li v sau, sang nm anh
chng trng la na, ch ly la d-tr ra n. Ngi nng-phu y c mong
c la go mi chng?
- Ngi nng-phu y chng mong c la mi.
- Ti sao bit ngi y chng c la mi?
- Ngi nng-phu y chng cy cy, chng trng la, th c ch mong c
chi na.
- Ngi c-o cng li nh th, t bit rng dt b n-i, sngkh, chng cn tham-tm, do bit i sau chng sanh li.
(3) Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- Na-Tin nay c sanh tr li i sau khng?
- Li i-Vng hi ti y, trc ti p ri. Nu nh ti cn c s luluyn v n-i, th i sau s sanh tr li; cn nu dt c s n-i, th
chng sanh li na. ...
Ba on vn ngn (1), (2) v (3) va c trch dn trn y, nm cch xa
nhau n c chc trang, ni hai quyn Thng v Trung ca b Lun. c
li c b Lun nhiu ln, Thin Nht mi tm thy c mt im va kho,
va qu, v gi l mt ''vin ngc n'' Chng bit tr th-thin ca Thin
Nht c nhn lm chng?
on (1) ni v: ti sao c ngi cn ti-sanh, c ngi chng phi ti-sanh
na? on (2) bo rng: ngi c o t mnh bit r chng sanh li
vo i sau. on (3) ghi li p ca Na-Tin v cu Vua hi: Na-Tin nay
c sanh tr li i sau khng? Mi on ri-rc chng cho ta thy c
n- ca vua Di-Lan khi t ra cu hi: Na-Tin nay c ti-sanh na khng?
Nhng nu c k li c ba on ta thy ni bt ln ''n-'' ca nh Vua khi
a ra mt cu hi nh th. n- g? Nh Vua mun v T-kheo xc-nhn
cho r-rng bng li ni, rng Na-Tin c o cha, bit chc c
mnh chng cn phi ti sanh na? Nhng nh Vua ch nh-nhng hi: NaTin nay cn ti-sanh na khng?, tuy nh-nhng nhng thng-thn, v ang
ch-i v tu-hnh mt cu tr li dt khot: C (c o) hay l Khng.
T-kheo Na-Tin qu l ngi tinh-t khi p: Li i-Vng hi ti y,
trc ti p ri. Nu nh ti cn lu-luyn n-i, th i sau s sanh tr

li; cn nu dt c s n-i, th ti chng sanh li na... Li p c v


''phn hai'' chng ni ''C'' m cng chng bo ''Khng''. Th th ''kho''
ch no u, khi ni ... lng-l nh th? Tha, rt kho, v kho ti ch
''Nu''. Mnh tu c o t mnh mnh bit, c ai chng cho mnh l mnh
c o? Mnh dt c s n-i, t mnh mnh bit, c ai chng cho
mnh vic dt b s n-i ? Mnh qu-quyt ni ra mnh c o v mnh
chng c v-sanh, ly chi lm bng-c? V nht l ni ra mnh c
o, phi chng l mt s khoe-khoang, m li cn e k khc ngh
lm mnh ni ra c Vua trng-vng ri cng-dng ''hu-h'' cho mnh.
Cho nn vi ch ''Nu'', Na-Tin va trnh c s khoe-khang, li va
khi phi che-du s-tht.
Th th, cn ''qu'' ch no? T-kheo Na-Tin, trc khi ra hnh o, tu
chng o-qu A-la-hn ri, ti sao chng t ra cho vua bit, hoc thi-trin
cc thn-thng c c cho vua tin? l hnh khim-nhng, vi
tm thanh-tnh hon-ton, trong lng chng h khi ln t-kiu, t-mn,
ph-trng cng ngi s chng-c ca mnh. So vi thi mt-php ngy
nay, c bit bao k mo-danh tu-hnh ru-rao chng ngng mm c
c o ny, qu n, v ngc xng l bc v-thng-s, l ng Phtsng, cn cho bn - m-tn ngng-cung dng cc phng-tin qungco rm-r nhng tr bun thn bn thnh theo ng li thng-mi, khin
cc bc chn-tu sng o phi au lng.
Cu mong sao thi- khim-nhng kn-o ca T-kheo Na-Tin c cc
hng Pht-t ly lm gng khin cho mi o gi trn c s
trong-sng.
By gi, xin tr li vn- mu-cht: Ti-sanh l mt hin-tng c tht
hay chng c tht?
Gi l ''hin-tng'' mt s-vic tht-s c tht, xy ra trong mt khungcnh khng-gian v thi-gian. Vic ti-sanh, nu tht-s xy ra, phi tri qua
ba giai-on: (1) lc cht, (2) s thay-i t trng-thi ca i sng c sang
trng-thi i sng mi, (3) lc sanh ra. Trong ba giai-on , ta ch bit
c c hai: lc cht v lc sanh, cn s thay i, nu c, t trng-thi c
sang trng-thi mi, phi xy ra ti mt cnh-gii khc, trong khung-cnh
thi-gian v khng-gian khc vi ci trn-th ny. Chnh v l ny, m khoahc hin-i vn cn cha c cu tr li dt-khot: vic ti-sanh c tht hay
chng c tht? Nh th, da theo lp-lun duy-l, vic ti-sanh nu tht s
c tht hoc chng c tht, u phi c nguyn-nhn ca n.

Th gian chng h c mt s-vic no t-nhin t n m sanh ra: phi c


nguyn-nhn ri mi sanh ra hu-qu. Xt cho cng k-l, vn- ti-sanh
c tht hay chng c tht ch l mt vn- tin-tng m thi: hoc tin l c,
hoc tin l chng c. Nhng mun vng tin, phi c nhng l-do chc-chn
lm cn-bn cho nim tin : nh khi tin th tin bng mt nim tin; m
khi chng tin, chng chu tin, th thi- ny cng vn l mt nim tin, mt
nim tin chc-chn cho rng, chng h c vic ti-sanh. Nhng ai theo khoahc vt-cht i hi cc bng-c c-th, mt c thy, tai c nghe mi chu
tin, th ta th hi, h a ra nhng l-l no vng-chc qu-quyt rng
vic ti-sanh chng c tht, ngoi vic c mt mc thng tay bi-bc vic
ti-sanh m chng chng-minh c s hu-l ca vic h chng-i vi
cc bng-c.
V pha nhng ngi ang vng tin li Pht dy, ta thy r nim tin ca
h da trn nhng l-l chng phi l thiu cn-bn:
1.- Li tuyn-b minh-bch ca c Pht ti B- o-trng khi Ngi c
ngi-v Pht: vi thin-nhn-minh, Ngi nhn thy cc chng-sanh cht ni
y, sanh li ni kia. cn cha phi l vic ti-sanh c tht, ang xy ra,
ti cnh-gii ny m chnh mt Ngi nhn thy c vi kh-nng siuphm ca thin-nhn-minh sao?
2.- L Mi hai Nhn-Duyn trong Gio-Php ca c Pht gii-thch rrng nguyn-nhn ca vic ti-sanh, ngay ti cc Nhn-duyn u, thuc
giai-on qu-kh: (1)V-minh duyn Hnh, (2) Hnh duyn Thc, (3)
Thc duyn Danh-Sc.
V-minh l g v do u m c? V-minh tc l s ngu-ti, m-m. Lc cth sp la cuc sng, lng luyn-tic sanh ra s-hi, mong mun cuc sng
c tip-tc mi, l v-minh, ham sng trong ci Lun-hi gnh mi
cnh Kh trin-min, chng phi l s di-kh nng-n hay sao?
V-minh duyn Hnh ngha l g? Cu ny c ngha: h v-minh khi ln,
th Hnh c pht-ng.
Hnh l g? y l danh-t Hn-Vit dng dch ch Phn Sankhra, vi
ba -ngha chnh: (1) iu-kin gy ra s bin-i; (2) s-vt b iu-kinho, tc l cc s-vt b cc iu-kin xung quanh lm bin-i; (3) chnh s
bin-i do cc iu-kin gy ra. Nh th, ch Hnh y tr cc php huvi, tc l cc s-vt phi chu thay i v cc iu-kin ca hon-cnh xung
quanh. Cc php hu-vi , trong vic ti-sanh, l nhng php no? (php=

dharma/dhamma = s-s, vt-vt). l nh-hng ca nghip-thc do cc


hnh-ng c- ca thn, ca ming, v nht l ca , gy ra, cn timtng v c tng-tr trong tng-thc, tc l trong Thc A-li-da (Alaya).
Do m ta c: Hnh duyn Thc, ngha l h Hnh khi ln th Thc c
pht-ng.
Thc l g? Thc y l nghip-thc va ni trn, tc l cc nh-hng
ca nhng hnh-vi c-, to nn nghip-qu, dn-dt chng-sanh i theo su
no ca Lun-hi. Do m c: Thc duyn Danh-Sc, ngha l h nghipthc chuyn-ng th Danh-Sc pht-sanh ra. Khi Danh-Sc sanh ra th vic
ti-sanh c thnh-tu, vo thi-k hin-ti.
Danh-Sc l g? Ch Danh-Sc l mt danh-t Hn-Vit dch ch Phn
Nma-Rpa, ngha l: tinh-thn v vt-cht. Nh th, ngha l g? Khi
nghip-thc chuyn-ng, th phn tinh-thn, Danh, ca c-th i vo thainhi, do tinh cha huyt m kt thnh, tc l phn vt-cht, Sc, ca c-th. V
c hai phn tinh-thn v vt-cht cn phi-thai, cha c hon-b, nn mi
gi l Danh-Sc, v thai-nhi cha tng-hnh y- cc b-phn sinh-l,
cng nh cc kh-nng tm-l ca n cha c pht-trin sung-mn.
Ni tm li, ba nhn-duyn u-tin ca L Nhn-Duyn nu ra, rt rrng v rt y-, nguyn-nhn ca vic ti-sanh, m hu-qu l khin cho
chng-sanh c tri ln trin-min trong ci Lun-hi au-kh.
Thin Nht s d ''di dng vn-t'' nh th, l v mun nu ra cho cc
bn tr thy r-rng nim tin c ti-sanh c t trn hai cn-bn vng
chc: (1) li tuyn-b ca c Pht nhn thy s ti-sanh; (2) ba nguynnhn dy chuyn: V-minh, Hnh, Thc a n hu-qu tt-yu l vic
ti-sanh ra Danh-Sc. Cc bn tr cn hi kh tnh c th i-hi c c
thin-nhn-minh nhn thy tn mt mnh, th Thin Nht xin tha, phi
tu-tp cho n mc gic-ng v gii-thot hon-ton nh c Pht mi c
kh-nng siu-phm . Hoc cc bn y mun em ra ''thc-nghim'' cc
nguyn-nhn: V-minh, Hnh, Thc, xem chng c mang n hu-qu l
c vic ti-sanh xy ra hin-tin hay khng, theo nh kiu cc nh khoa-hc
kim-chng trong cc phng th-nghim, th Thin Nht xin tha, cc
nguyn-nhn c k trong L Mi hai Nhn-Duyn u l cc php huvi, v-hnh-tng, lm sao m ly em ra c, ''th-nghim'' nh cc
ha-cht?

Thin Nht t xem mnh l mt Pht-t, gi c Pht l ng T-Ph, th


c l no mnh chng chu tin li ca ng Cha lnh, khi Ngi bo, chnh
Ngi nhn thy cc chng-sanh cht ni y, sanh li ni kia.
Lm con m chng chu tin li Cha, th cn tin ai y?
*
7.- Li ni ngn vng ca Ngi X-li-pht.
Cui quyn Thng, b Lun ''Na-Tin T-Kheo Kinh'' c mt on vn ghi
li mt cu ng sn son thp vng:
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- Nh ngi c o, chng phi sanh li i sau, c cn phi chu cnh
kh na khng?
- Hoc cn phi chu kh na, hoc chng cn phi kh na.
- Th no l cn phi chu kh, l chng phi chu kh na?
- Thn cn chu kh, tm- ht chu kh. S d thn cn phi chu kh l v
trong hin-ti thn cn l ngun-gc ca s kh; tm- s d ht kh l v
dt b tt c cc iu c, chng cn ham-mun chi, cho nn chng phi
chu kh na.
- Nu nh ngi c o chng th la thn kh ny, th l cha c c
Nit-bn chng? Ngi c o chng cn n-i, m thn cn kh, du tm an-n, th s c o lm g? Nu nh ngi c o thnhcng, th v c g m cn lu li y?
- Th-d nh trn cy, tri cn cha chn th chng vi hi, nn i cho chn
mui. i-Vng c bit li ni ca i- c X-li-pht chng? Ngi Xli-pht lc cn sng c ni: ''Ti chng cu cht, ti cng chng cu sng,
ti ch ch ng thi ra i th ra i.''
Vua khen ngi: ''Lnh thay! Lnh thay!''
Tm-tt:
Vua Di-Lan c hai thc-mc: (1) ngi ang sng, c o c cn phi chu
kh na khng? (2) c o ri m thn vn cn kh, sao chng la thn
i; nu gi thn sng thm, ho ra c o chng v-ch lm hay sao?

V thc-mc th nht, Na-Tin gii-p: ngi c o cn sng th thn


cn kh m tm dt cc phin-no nn ht kh.
Gii-to mi thc-mc th hai v vic ''tm ci cht cho ht kh'', Na-Tin
a ra mt th-d rt hay: ''tri cy cha chn, cha vi hi, nn i lc tri
chn mui''. V Na-Tin nhc li li ni v cng qu-bu ca Ngi X-lipht:
''Ti chng cu cht, ti cng chng cu sng, ti ch ch ng thi ra i th
ra i.''
Nhn-xt:
1.- Ngi c o ang sng th thn vn cn cm-xc nn phi chu cnh
kh ca ga v bnh; nhng v phn tinh-thn, tm- thot khi cc phinno, chng-ngi, nn c an-nhin, t-ti. y l dp khin ta nn suygm n hai ch au-kh trong ting Vit thun-ty ca ta. au khc. Kh
khc. au th thn au; cn Kh th tm kh ; nh khi c ci rng au,
ming th nhc-nhi, sao ta li cn chng thm ni Kh ln cho tm,
khin cho lng phi bun-bc, bt-rt? au rng cn cha hay sao m li
sanh thm bc-tc, cau-c gy thm Kh cho lng mnh v cho c cc
ngi chung quanh?
2.- Th phn-tch v tm hiu ch qu-bu trong li ni ca Ngi X-lipht:
a.- ''Ti chng cu cht...'' Ti sao? V tm thn hin nay cn y ch l tm
thn d-y; s d cn sng l tr nt d-nghip cn st li. Hn na, cu
cht l thi- trn-trnh n i; khi nghip-lc vn cn m cu ly ci cht,
th theo vng Lun-hi phi ti-sanh li ri phi chu Kh di-di. Li
na, mng-sng con ngi l iu v cng qu-gi, nh n m ta mi c
c-duyn bit n, v tu-tp theo, con ng gii-thot vnh-vin.
b.- ''Ti cng chng cu sng...'' Ti sao? Khi sanh ra, no phi t ti cu
cho ti c sanh ra u, vng Lun-hi c xoay-chuyn mi theo nghiplc c m ti-sanh. Trong cuc sng hin-ti cn li y, mi s ham-mun
u chm dt ni tm ti, cn c iu chi na khin ti c i ham sng
hng? Tm ti an-nhin xem c hai s sng, cht u ngang nhau; sng
gi, thc v, no c chi m ngi, m cu ch?

c.- ''Ti ch ch ng thi ra i, th ra i.'' Lc no mi ng thi ra i?


l lc dt sch nghip, do mt ci cht tnhin v thanh-thn mang n. Ti ra i, chng cht luyn-tic, cng chng
cht ho-hc, an-nhin m ra i vo ci vng-lng.
d.- y l li ni ca mt bc c o, gic-ng hon-ton v l sng
cht trong vng Lun-hi v con ng gii-thot v ni an-lc vnh-cu.
Tng nn vit ln thnh i cu lin, sn son thp vng, ghi ly lm
iu tm-nim:
* Ti chng cu cht; ti cng chng cu sng
* Ti ch ch ng thi ra i, th ra i.
8.- B Lun ''Na-Tin T-Kheo Kinh'' gip ta n li Gio-l vi n ci
hm-tiu!
Kinh-sch ging Gio-L phn nhiu qu cao-siu v kh ... nut cho tri!
Nhng b Lun ''Na-Tin T-Kheo Kinh'' ny, ngoi nhng on vn giithch cc im thc-mc mt cch t-m v su-sc ra, cn c nhng cu hi,
nhng li p hm-hnh, d-dm v cng m i cht ma-mai. Xin trch
ra mt on:
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- Sa-mn c mn-thng thn-th ca mnh khng?
- Sa-mn chng t thng-mn thn mnh.
- Sa mn chng mn-thng thn mnh, c sao khi ngh-ngi li mun
nm ni m-, khi n-ung li mun vt ngon ca p, t sn-sc mnh nh
th?
Na-Tin hi li Vng:
- i-Vng c tng ra ngoi trn chin-u chng?
- D nhin, Ta tng ra trn chin-u.
- Ti trn chin-u, i-Vng c tng b ao, kim chm, hay tn bn
trng chng?
- Ta nhiu ln b trng ao, kim.
- Khi b ao, kim, tn (...) gy thng-tch, i-Vng lm g?
- Ta dng thuc (...) dng bng gn bng b li.

- i-Vng v mn-thng vt thng m dng thuc (...) dng bng bngb li vt thng chng?
- Ta u c mn-thng vt thng.
- Chng mn-thng vt thng sao li dng thuc, dng bng bng li?
- Ta ch mong mun vt thng mau lnh, ch du c mn-thng g n.
- Sa-mn cng li nh vy, chng mn-thng thn mnh; tuy n-ung, tm
chng vui-khoi, chng mun lm p, chng mun lm tt, chng mun da
tht sc hng-ho, m ch mun cho thn-th kho-mnh c th phnghnh gii-lut, Kinh-k ca Pht. Kinh Pht c ging: ''Thn ngi c chn
l hng, ta nh vt m ca mu-thng, t ni chn l chy ra cht d
hi-thi.''
Vng khen: ''Lnh thay!''
*
Cn rt nhiu on khc na, c thy hn chn mi cu vn-p gia v
Vng-gia thng-tu v v T-kheo li-lc; ri-rc khp b Lun n-cha
nhiu o hoa thm, cn ang ch c thng-thc. Tng chng cn didng tn-dng thm na mt b Lun tng c s ngi-khen nngnhit ca cc hc-gi t ng sang Ty, t c ch kim.
Montreal, 12-04-2005
Thin Nht
Knh trnh.
A.- Bn Phng-dch
(Da theo Bn vn i ng-Tn, thiu tn dch-gi Hn-vn, ni b CnLong i-Tng Kinh, Quyn s 108, cc trang 706- 753)
Quyn Thng
Xin Lu-:
(Cc tiu-mc c nh s, in ch m, v cc ch nghing trong ngoc u
do Thin Nht thm vo, chnh-vn trong i-Tng chng c.)
001.- c Pht vo rng tng.
Vo mt thi kia, c Pht ng ti nc X-V, ni vn K-th Cp-cc, cc v t-kheo tng, ni, cn-s-nam, cn-s-n, ch Thin, Vua, ithn, trng-gi, nhn-dn v chn mi su hng o-gi, hn vn ngi,

cng n trc Pht nghe ging Kinh. c Pht nhn thy rng ng o
dn chng hm nay tm-thn tht chng an, nn Ngi c -nh mun ri xa,
nn i n mt ni nhn-tnh, ngi nim o. c Pht lin ri dn
chng, i vo ni, ti mt khu rng tng, trn cy c cc v th-thn. Ni
gc cy, c Pht ngi nim o thanh-tnh.
*
002.- Tng-vng vo rng tng gp c Pht.
Cch khu rng tng chng xa, c mt by voi hn nm trm con, trong
Tng-vng l voi cha, hin-lnh, bit r iu lnh vic c, ta nh loi
ngi vy. By voi bao quanh Tng-vng, c c, ci c, ng di c, ng
va c, ng ngn c. Tng Vng kht, mun i ung nc; nhng n voi
nh chy i trc, nhy xung ung nc; ung xong li di nc na khin cho nc tr nn c ngu. Tng-vng chng c nc trong
gii kht. Tng-vng li i, mun i n c; n voi nh li chy trc n
ht c non, li dm p ln, khin Tng-vng chng c c tt d.
Tng-vng thm ngh, by voi con khuy c nc, dy xo c ti,
khin ta chng c nc trong ung, chng c c sch n; vy ta hy xa ri
chng i n mt ni no an-tnh, sung-sng hn. Tng-vng lin ri
n voi, i vo ni, n khu rng tng. Thy c Pht ang ngi di gc
tng, Tng-vng lng rt vui mng, lin n vp u trc chn Pht,
lm l, ri ng sang bn cnh. c Pht t ngh, ta li dn chng n ni
ny; Tng-vng cng li n voi n gc cy ny, c hai vic u ng
mt -nghi. c Pht lin v Tng-vng ni Kinh: ''Pht l bc tn-knh
nht trong hng ngi; Tng-vng cng l bc tn-knh nht trong hng
voi. c Pht ni, tm ta vi tm ca Tng-vng hp nhau, ta v Tngvng cng vui bn gc cy ny.'' Tng-vng nghe Kinh xong, tm-t
lin m sng, hiu r Pht, lin i nhiu quanh ch c Pht ngi, ly vi
ht nc ti t, dng mi qut t, dng chn p t cho bng phng.
Tng-vng sm chiu hu-h nh th. Mi lu v sau, c Pht nhp
Nit-Bn, Tng-vng chng bit Pht i v u, nn ro quanh khp
chn, mi cu tm gp Pht chng c, khc lc o-no, b c n ung.
*
003.- Tng-vng n cha nghe Kinh
Vo thi , trong nc c ngi cha Pht tn l Ca-La-Hon trn ni, l
ni tu-hnh ca nm trm v sa-mn, u c o-qu A-la-hn c; thng

c vo su ngy trai trong thng, tng Kinh cho dn sng. Tng-vng


cng trn ni, bn cnh cha, bit vo ngy trai c tng Kinh, nn vo
cha nghe Kinh. Cc v sa-mn bit Tng-vng thch nghe Kinh, nn khi
Tng-vng n th tng. Tng-Vng nghe Kinh, hiu c thng sut,
chng h bun ng, chng h nm, chng h giao-ng. C nh th m
Tng-vng lun nghe Kinh v tha s ch Pht.
*
004.- Tin-kip ca t-kheo Na-Tin v vua Di-Lan
Mi lu v sau, Tng-vng th-mng ht, cht i v c ti sanh lm
ngi, con trai mt nh theo o B-la-mn, chng cn c nghe Kinh
Pht, chng gp c sa-mn, nn mi ri nh ln non, hc o. Trn ni,
c gn gi vi mt v o-nhn theo o B-la-mn, c hai cng lm bn
tr-thc vi nhau. Mt ngi t ngh, ta nhn thy ni th-gian y u-su,
gi bnh kh, cht i li phi sa vo a-ngc, ng-qu, sc-sanh; cho nn ta
nguyn co ru tc, mc o c-sa, lm sa-mn, cu o v-vi cu i. Cn
ngi kia th li t ngh, ta mun cu lm vua mt nc, t-ti, khin thinh cng thuc v ta, nghe lnh ta. Hai ngi cng nguyn-cu nh th. V
sau, c hai ngi u ht th-mng, c ti sanh lm ngi. Mt ngi,
kip trc c li nguyn lm quc-vng, sanh ra lm Thi-t mt nc
bn ven bin; cha m t tn l Di-Lan. Cn mt ngi, kip trc c li
nguyn cu o v-vi cu i, th sanh ra ti nc Thin-Trc (n-),
huyn K-Tn, c cha m t tn l -Lip.
V c li nguyn tin-kip, nn khi sanh ra -Lip c o c-sa qun khp
thn-th; cng lc , mt con Tng-vng cng ra i trong nh ; nn
cha m ly tn Na ca Tng-vng m t tn cho con, v gi l Na-Tin.
*
005.- Na-Tin xut-gia cu o vi Lu-Hn.
Na-Tin ln ln, n nm mi lm, mi su tui, theo ngi cu l LuHn. Lu-Hn lm sa-mn c ti tuyt-diu, th-gian chng ai bng, mt
nhn tht xa, tai nghe tht thnh, bit r vic i trc v i sau ca mnh,
di chuyn th bay cao, vt qua cc hang ng chng b ngn-ngi, t-ti
bin-ha chng iu chi chng lm c, trn tri di t mun loi ngvt b st hay bay cao, h ng-tm l hay bit n c. Na-Tin n ni cu
, k r tm-nguyn mnh cu Pht-o, mun xung tc co ru, mc o c-

sa lm sa-mn, xin cu cho lm -t. Lu-Hn bit i trc Na-Tin sing


lm vic thin, c li th nguyn thm-trng, nn thng m cho lm sa-di.
Na-Tin c th Thp-Gii, hng ngy tng Kinh gi gii, tu c ci TThin, nn bit rnh tt c Kinh-k, nhng cn cha c th gii i-samn.
*
006.- Na-Tin n cha Ho-Thin-T.
Vo thi , trong nc c ngi cha trn ni tn l Ho-Thin-T, c nm
trm v sa-mn u chng o-qu A-la-hn, trong s c v A-la-hn bc
nht tn l t-Bi-Vit (Pali: Assagutta) bit r cc vic trn tri, di t,
qu-kh, v-lai v hin-ti. Na-Tin va hai mi tui, nhn th gii i-samn mi n cha Ho-Thin-T, l ni tr-tr ca Ngi t-Bi-Vit. By
gi, vo ngy Rm c l thuyt gii i-sa-mn, cc v Thng-to, i-samn u i vo ging-ng. Na-Tin cng nhp vo trong s . Ch samn va ngi xung xong, Ngi t-Bi-Vit nhn ch sa-mn thy tt c tm
u chng o A-la-hn, ch ring mt mnh Na-Tin cn cha chng-c
qu-v y. Ngi t-Bi-Vit lin ni Kinh: ''Th-d nh vo ga go, ht ht
u trong trng, nu ln ht go en, th l la ra cn cha k. Nay chng
ta ngi y tt c u thanh bch, ch tr Na-Tin l ht go en, v cha c
o A-la-hn.'' Nghe Ngi t-Bi-Vit thuyt kinh nh th, Na-Tin lng
su-bi, lin ng dy, ci xung lm l nm trm v sa-mn, ri bc ra
ngoi. Na-Tin t ngh, ta chng xng ngi ti ta ny v cha c -thot;
tt c cc v sa-mn u c -thot, cng nh gia by s-t c
chn co ln vo. K t nay, ta cn cha c o th chng tr vo y na.
Ngi t-Bi-Vit bit c -ngh ca Na-Tin, lin gi Na-Tin li trc
mt, ly tay xoa u Na-Tin v ni: ''ng su-bi, chng bao lu na con s
c qu A-la-hn.'' (...)
*
007.- Na-Tin b S Ca-Duy-Vit trc-xut, lin i vo rng n-tu v c
qu-v A-la-hn.
Na-Tin cn c mt v s-ph khc na, tn l Ca-Duy-Vit, tui trn tm
mi. Trong huyn c mt v u-b-tc rt hin-lnh, mi ngy thng
cng-dng thc-phm cho cc -t ca Ngi Ca-Duy-Vit. Na-Tin n

ni thy , v thy m cm ly bnh bt v i kht-thc mang cm v cho


thy.
S-ph ra lnh cho Na-Tin phi ngm mt ngm nc mn trong ming khi
i n nh v u-b-tc nhn cm. V u-ba-tc nhn thy Na-Tin tui
cn tr m i ng oan-trang, ni bt ln gia cc v t-kheo, nn bit l
ngi c tr-hu thng-minh, thng-t Kinh-k, c bin-ti thuyt-php.
Khi thy Na-Tin bc vo nh, v u-b-tc lin ng dy lm l, xoa tay
v tha rng: ''Hng ngy ti thng dng cng thc-phm cho ch sa-mn;
cc Ngi n thng v ti thuyt ging Kinh-k; nguyn xin Ngi thng
ti m ni Kinh gii s ngu-si ca ti.'' Na-Tin lin t ngh: ''Ta nay
vng lnh ca S-ph phi ngm nc mn trong ming, chng c ni
nng. Nu nay ta nh nc ra th phm gii ca Thy, bit lm sao y?''
Na-Tin li ngh: ''V u-b-tc ny chc cng ti cao c ch, nu ta v ng
y ni Kinh, tng ng ta s c o cng nn...'' Na-Tin lin nh nc ra,
n ngi xung v thuyt Kinh: ''Ngi hay b-th, lm lnh, phng-hnh
Kinh-k v gii-lut, th i ny c an-n, i sau s sanh ln ci Tri,
hoc vo hng Ngi cao-qu, tr-hu sng-sut, chng phi sa vo a-ngc,
ng-qu, sc-sanh. Cn ngi chng phng-hnh Kinh v Gii th i ny
kh-s, i sau b a vo ba ng c, chng bit bao gi ra khi.'' V ub-tc nghe Kinh, lng rt vui mng. Na-Tin thy bit tm v y hoan-h,
lin tip-tc ni Kinh thm-diu: ''Vn vt th-gian u chng thng-cn,
trong qu-kh u kh-s. Con ngi th-gian cng li nh vy; h u
ni, thn ny ca ta ha-hn nhiu iu chng c t-ti. Ci N-hon (=
ci Nit-bn) th vui-sng v cng, y chng sanh, chng gi, chng
bnh, chng cht, chng su, mi s kh-s u tiu-dit...'' Na-Tin ni
Kinh xong, v u-b-tc lin chng c o-qu Tu--hun; Na-Tin
cng t chng-c qu-v y. V u-b-tc lng rt hoan-h, lin em thcphm ngon tt ra dng cng. Na-Tin bo v y, trc nn st y bt ca
S-ph mang v. Na-Tin n xong, sc ming, thu xp cm bt y cm
mang v cho S-ph.
S-ph thy cm ngon trong bt, lin ni: ''Nu hm nay mang v bt y
cm ht sc ngon-tt nh vy, l vi-phm li c ca chng tng, vy
phi trc-xut ngi ra khi y.'' Na-Tin bun ti, chng vui. S ni vi
hi-chng, v cc t-kheo ang cng ngi : ''Na-Tin vi-phm iu c
ca chng ta, cn phi trc-xut, chng c trong hi-chng na.'' Ngi
t-Bi-Vit ni th-d rng: ''Nh mt ngi dng mt mi tn m bn trng
c hai mc-tiu, th nh th chng nn trc-xut vy. Na-Tin thuyt Kinh
m t chng-c o, li ng thi khin cho v u-b-tc cng chng qu,

th chng nn trc xut.'' S Ca-Duy-Vit ni: ''Ngay c dng mt mi tn


m bn trng n trm mc-tiu i na cng vi-phm iu c ca chng
tng, chng th cho lu li c. Cc ngi khc tt chng kh nng
nh Na-Tin m c o. Nn chn ng vic ny v sau; nu chng trc
xut Na-Tin, cc ngi khc sau ny s bt chc theo.'' Ton th chng tkheo ngi im, mc-nhin ty theo li S dy trc-xut Na-Tin. Na-Tin
lin ci u st chn S-ph, lm l chng tng.
L xong, Na-Tin lin i ngay vo rng su ni thm, ngi di gc cy,
ngy m tinh-tn nim o chng ngng. Chng bao lu, Na-Tin c o
A-la-hn, c th bay cao, nhn thy tht xa, tai nghe tht r, t tng -ngh
t-tng trong lng k khc, thng-t vic i trc, i sau. c o Ala-hn xong, Na-Tin lin tr li cha Ho-Thin-T, khu u cu sm-hi
vi ch t-kheo tng; cc Ngi nghe nhn l. L xong, Na-Tin lin ra i.
*
008.- Na-Tin i hnh-o trong dn-gian.
Na-Tin chuyn hng i vo cc qun huyn, qua cc no ng ph, ng
hm, v ngi m thuyt Kinh, ging Gii, dy ngi lm lnh, trong s c
ngi c cc o-qu Tu--hun, T--hm, A-na-hm, ngay c trong
hng sa-mn chng c o-qu A-la-hn na.
Tri T-Thin-Vng, Tri ao-Li, Tri -Thch, i-Phm ThinVng u n trc mt Na-Tin, ci u st chn lm l, ngi bn cnh
nghe thuyt php, li vn vang n bn ci Tri.
Tt c Tri, Ngi, dn, qu, thn, rng... chng ai trng thy Na-Tin m
chng t lng hoan-h, c hng nhiu phc-c.
Na-Tin mi di-chuyn sang Thin-Trc ni nc X-Kit, dng tr li
cha Tit--Ca-T.
*
009.- Vua Di-Lan cai-tr nc X-Kit.
By gi X-Kit-quc c v Thi-t tn l Di-Lan, trong tin-kip vn l
bn tr-thc c vi Na-Tin, sau sanh ti hi-bin. Thi-t Di-Lan lc cn tr
hiu-hc, sing c Kinh-k ngoi-o, bit rnh cc Kinh cao-thm v kh

hiu, cng vi cc tu-s ngoi-o tranh-lun, chng ai thng ni. Khi phvng bng-h, thi-t ln ni ngi, tc-v l Quc-Vng Di-Lan.
Mt hm, Vua hi cc i-thn hu bn cnh: ''Trong nc c o-gia hay
nhn-dn no sc cng Ta bn-lun v cc Kinh kh chng?'' Cc quan
hu-cn tu: ''Bm c, c ngi hc o Pht c dn gi l v Sa-mn. V
y tr-hu thng-t rng-su, c th cng i-vng bn-lun v cc Kinh
cao kh.''
Thu y ti min Bc i-Tn, c nc X-Kit yn-n, nhn dn hinlnh. ng x trong thnh rng-ri, mi ca thnh u c chm tr, (...)
ph x trng by la-lit, ng quan-o c nga voi, xe c dp du, nam
thanh n t ra vo. o nhn, thy th, dn lnh u rt cao-minh; nhn dn
o qun lo-lt nm mu, ph n trang-sc mu trng, tay eo vng chu
ngc. t-ai cao ro c nhiu trn-bo. Bn phng khch mua bn u
dng tin vng (...) Nh nh nui sc-vt, ch ch by bn canh ngon, i
tc dng cm st, kht ung ru b-o, vui-sng chng th t.
Quc-vng nc ny hiu l Di-Lan, dng Chnh-Php tr nc. Vua DiLan ti cao, tr sng, thu-hiu Kinh-o, rnh vic qu-kh, v-lai v hinti, cc mu-lc chin-u chng chi chng lu-thng.
*
010.- Vua Di-Lan hi b tu-s D-Ho-La.
Lc by gi, Vng ra thnh i du-ngon, cc binh-chng dn ra h-tng
bn ngoi. Tm Vng cao-ngo t ngh, Ta lm Vua, c kh nng ip chn mi su loi kinh, ni gii ra ch ngi hi n tn v cng,
thch-hp vi lng ngi vui hiu li ta ni. Vng lin ni vi cc quan
hu-cn:
- Vn cn sm qu tr vo thnh, chng c vic g lm. Cc khanh c bit
v o-nhn hay sa-mn no c th cng Ta bn-lun v cc Kinh kh
chng?
Vin quan hu-cn tn l Trim-Di-Li-Vng-Qun tu rng:
- Bm c, c sa-mn tn l D-Ho-La bit tht r-rng v Kinh-o, c th
cng i-Vng tho-lun v cc kinh kh.

Vng bo Trim-Di-Li i thnh v sa-mn y. Trim tu:


- Tht lnh thay! Nh vua mun tng-kin th nn i n . K h-thn
khi i mi.
Trim-Di-Li tu li ln na nh th. Vng lin ngi xe, c nm trm k-s
cng i theo n cha.
Vng hi-kin vi D-Ho-La, trc hi thm sc kho, k n an-ta;
nm trm k-binh cng ngi xung. Vng lin hi D-Ho-La:
- V l-do no m Khanh ri b v con, xung tc, co ru, mc o c-sa,
lm sa-mn vy? Khanh cu o no th?
D-Ho-La tu:
- Chng ti hc hnh trung-chnh ca o Pht, i ny c phc, i sau
cng c phc, v l , ti xung tc, co ru, mc o c-sa lm sa-mn.
Vng li hi:
- K o trng cn nh, c v con, m theo ng hnh trung-chnh, i nay
c c phc chng? i sau, cng c phc y chng?
D-Ho-La p:
- Ngi o trng cn ti nh, c v con m theo ng hnh trung-chnh, i
ny c phc, v i sau cng c phc y na.
Vng lin ni:
- Nu k o trng c v con ti nh, theo ng hnh trung-chnh, i ny
c phc m i sau cng li c phc na, th c sao Khanh li b
v con, xung tc, co ru, lm sa-mn ch?
D-Ho-La ngi im-lng, chng p c li Vua. Cc v quan hu-cn thy
th lin ni:
- V sa-mn cao-minh ny b bi ri nng, chng tr li ni.
H lin qu tay ln, ni to:

- i-Vng c thng! i-Vng c thng!


D-Ho-La im lng chu thua.
*
011.- Vua Di-Lan thnh Na-Tin.
Vng quay nhn li cc v u-b-tc, thy cc v ny gng mt chng c
cht h-thn no. Vng t ngh, cc u-b-tc mt chng h-thn, chc cn
c mt v sa-mn no rnh-r Kinh-k hn, c th cng Ta bn-lun y.
Vng lin hi Trim-Di-Li:
- Cn v sa-mn cao-minh no khc c th cng Ta bn-lun v cc Kinh
kh chng?
Thi by gi, c v Thy ca cc sa-mn, tn l Na-Tin, thng cng cc
sa-mn ra vo, v cc sa-mn m thuyt-ging Kinh-k. Na-Tin hiu r
iu tinh-yu ca tt c cc Kinh, c th ging-gii Mi hai th-loi Kinh,
phn-bit r-rng tng chng, tng on, tng cu, thng-t r o NHon (=Nit-bn), chng ai hi cho n cng ni, chng ai c thng ni, c
th ph mi s nghi-ng, c th lm sng t li suy-t ca ngi khc, tr
nh sng bin, tng khc-phc chn mi su loi ngoi-o, v bn chng
-t ca Pht m ging dy Kinh-k, c cc bc tr-gi ngng-m,
thng mang Kinh-k ra dy d ngi. Na-Tin nay n nc X-Kit, c
ng-o -t theo hu, phc n Na-Tin cao-minh nh S-t dng-mnh.
Trim-Di-Li tu vua:
- C v sa-mn tn l Na-Tin, tr-hu thm-diu, bit r iu tinh-yu ca
cc Kinh, gii r mi nghi-ng, chng iu chi chng thng, c th cng
i-Vng bn-lun v Kinh kh.
Vua hi li Trim-Di-Li:
- Khanh ngh k, v y c th cng Ta bn-lun Kinh kh chng?
Trim-Di-Li lin p:

- D-nhin, Na-Tin c th cng i-Vng ni Kinh kh, Na-Tin tng


bn-lun Kinh-k vi i-Phm Thin-Vng trn tng Tri th by, sao li
chng sc bn-lun vi ngi?
Vng lin ra lnh Trim-Di-Li i thnh Na-Tin n.
*
012.- Vua Di-Lan va gp Na-Tin.
Trim-Di-Li lin i n ch Na-Tin v tha rng:
- Bch Ngi, i-Vng mun cng Ngi tng-kin.
Na-Tin lin cng ch -t i n ni Vua ng. Vng tuy cha tng gp
mt Na-Tin ln no, nhng a mt nhn ra xa thy Na-Tin mc o ni bt
trong hng cc ngi ang i, lin thm bit l Na-Tin. Vng t ngh,
Ta thng thy rt nhiu ngi i vo ta i-in ny, Ta cng cha h lolng nh hm nay gp Na-Tin. Hm nay, nht-nh Na-Tin thng Ta, Ta
chc chng vui, v tm Ta ang bt-an, bng-hong.
Trim-Di-Li tu Vua:
- Na-Tin n, cn ng bn ngoi.
Vua hi Trim:
- Na-Tin ng ti ch no u?
Trim-Di-Li lin ch cho Vng thy. Vng rt vui mng v chnh ng
l ngi m Ngi thm nhn ra trc . Vng nhn thy Na-Tin mc
o i gia cc ngi ang vo chng khc chi c.
Na-Tin lin n, trc hi thm tin-tc sc kho; Vng rt hoan-h, ngi
trc mt Na-Tin cng tr chuyn.
Vng ni:
- Kinh Pht ni, ngi an-n l iu li ln, ngi bit l iu giu nht,
ngi c s tn-cn l iu su-dy nht. o Nit-bn l u khoi-lc
nht.

*
013.- Ai l Na-Tin? Xe l g? Ngi l g?
Hng v Na-Tin, Vng hi:
- Khanh tn chi?
Na-Tin p:
- Cha m ti t tn cho l Na-Tin, c lc gi l Th-Na-Tin, c khi ku l
Duy-Ca-Tin; v th ngi i bit n ti di danh-t .
Vng hi Na-Tin:
- Ai l Na-Tin?
Vng li hi tip:
- u l Na-Tin chng?
- u chng phi l Na-Tin.
- Mt, tai, mi, ming l Na-Tin chng?
- Mt, tai, mi, ming chng phi l Na-Tin.
- C, t, vai, cnh tay, chn, bn tay l Na-Tin chng?
- Chng phi l Na-Tin.
- (...), bn chn l Na-Tin chng?
- Chng phi l Na-Tin.
- Nhan-sc l Na-Tin chng?
- Chng phi l Na-Tin.
- Kh, vui l Na-Tin chng?
- Chng phi l Na-Tin.

- Thin, c l Na-Tin chng?


- Chng phi l Na-Tin.
- Thn-th l Na-Tin chng?
- Chng phi l Na-Tin.
- Gan, phi, tim, l-lch, gn, rut, d-dy l Na-Tin chng?
- Chng phi l Na-Tin.
- Hip nm vic: nhan-sc, kh vui, thin c, thn, tm li c phi l Na-Tin
chng?
- Chng phi l Na-Tin.
- Thanh-m, ting vang, hi th, c phi l Na-Tin chng?
- Chng phi l Na-Tin.
- Vy ch ch no l Na-Tin h?
Na-Tin hi Vng:
- Xe kia, ch no l xe? Trc xe c phi l xe chng?
- Trc xe chng phi l xe.
- Vnh bnh xe c phi l xe chng?
- Vnh bnh xe chng phi l xe.
- Cm bnh xe c phi l xe chng?
- Cm bnh xe chng phi l xe.
- Ngm vnh xe c phi l xe chng?
- Ngm vnh xe chng phi l xe.
- Cng xe c phi l xe chng?

- Cng xe chng phi l xe.


- ch xe c phi l xe chng?
- ch xe chng phi l xe.
- n xe c phi l xe chng?
- n xe chng phi l xe.
- Gng xe c phi l xe chng?
- Gng xe chng phi l xe.
- Mui xe c phi l xe chng?
- Mui xe chng phi l xe.
- Hip tt c cc b-phn bng cy li thnh mt, c phi l xe chng?
- Hip cc b-phn li cng chng phi l xe.
- Nu chng hip cc b-phn li, c phi l xe chng?
- Chng hip chng li th chng thnh xe.
- Thanh-m l xe chng?
- Thanh-m chng phi l xe.
- Vy th ci g l xe?
Vng im lng, chng tr li c. Na-Tin lin ni:
- Kinh Pht c ni n, hip-t cc b-phn bng cy li, l nguyn-nhn
c c chic xe. Con ngi cng li nh vy, h hip-t u, mt, tai,
mi, ming, c, t, vai, cnh tay, xng, tht, bn tay, chn, gan, phi, mt,
l-lch, thn, rut, d-dy, nhan-sc, thanh-m, hi th, kh vui, thin c,
chung li th thnh con ngi.''
Vng ni: ''Lnh thay! Lnh thay!''

*
014.- Thi- ng-n khi tho-lun.
Vng li hi Na-Tin: ''S c th cng Ta bn-lun v cc Kinh kh
chng?''
Na-Tin p: ''Nu Vua dng tr-hu hi ti, th c th cng nhau bnlun. Nu Vua dng li vng-gi kiu-qu, th chng th cng Vua bnlun c.''
Vng hi tip:
- Tr-hu, c bao nhiu loi?
- Bc tr-gi, khi m-lun, ht sc vn hi cng nhau, gii r cng nhau, li
ni cao, li ni thp, li ni chnh-trc, li ni bt-chnh; c thng c thua
t mnh bit ly phi tri, l tr-hu ti-thng, chng cn cht gin-hn;
bc tr-gi l nh th .
- Li ni vng-gi, c bao nhiu loi?
- Li ni vng-gi t phng theo cm-ngh ca mnh; h c ch tri l
chng nh Vua, tc thi Vua bt ti nng, pht git i; nh th l li
ni bc vng-gi.
Vng lin ni rng:
- Nguyn dng li ni ca bc tr-gi, chng dng li ni ca Vng-gi;
chng gi -ngh Vng-gi trong li mnh ni, ch nn ni theo nh li t ca ch sa-mn, nh li cc v u-b-tc, nn theo li ca ch sa-mn m
khin cho lng mnh chng mang s-hi, chnh-tm cng c khai-ng.
Na-Tin lin tht ln rng: ''Tht lnh thay!''
*
015.- Cu hi rt kh: chng nghe hi, m c p ri chng?
Vng ni: ''Ta c iu mun hi.''
Na-Tin p: ''i-Vng c hi!''

Vng ni: ''Ta hi ri.''


Na-Tin lin ni: ''Ti cng p xong.''
Vng vn hi: ''p nhng g u?''
Na-Tin hi li: ''Vng hi ti nhng g u?''
Vng ni: ''Ta chng c ch hi, Na-Tin cng chng c ch p.''
Vng t ngh, v sa-mn ny tr-hu tht cao-minh, Ta va mi mun hi
cho tht nhiu, nhng (...) ngy cng gn ti ri, hay l nn sng mai li
thnh ngi n cung-in mi tin cng nhau tham-vn thm. Vng lin
bo Trim-Di-Li-Vng-Qun ni vi Na-Tin: ''Ngy gn ti ri, Vng
cn phi hi-cung. Ngy mai, Vng mun thnh Ngi n hong-cung.''
Na-Tin p: ''Lnh lm thay!''
Vng ln nga tr v hong-cung. Ngi trn lng nga, Vng vn tiptc ngh n ''Na-Tin! Na-Tin!'', ngh mi cho n sng hm sau.
*
016.- Thnh Na-Tin, mi thm bao-nhiu sa-mn
Sng hm sau, Trim-Di-Li v cc quan hu-cn tu Vua: ''i-Vng
thm-nh nn mi Na-Tin n chng?'' Vng p: ''Nn mi n ch!''
Trim lin tha: ''Khi mi Na-Tin, nn mi bao nhiu v sa-mn cng
n?'' Vng bo: ''Hy c ty Na-Tin mun cho bao nhiu v sa-mn
cng n cng c.'' V ch kho vua, tn l Khan, bc ra tu rng: ''Nn
bo Na-Tin cng n vi mi v sa-mn na, cng c.'' Vng li
phn: ''Nn nghe theo li Na-Tin, mun n cng vi bao nhiu v sa-mn
cng c.'' Khan li c tu na: ''Nn bo Na-Tin cng n vi mi v
sa-mn, cng c.'' Vng nghe Khan n-nh nhn-s nh th, lin ni
gin qu: ''Nh-ngi qu keo-kit; tn nh-ngi l Khan, tc ngha l keokit, -vt ca vua m ngi cn bn-sn nh th, hung g l ca ring
ngi th ngi cn rt-rng n bc no? Ngi chng bit nghch Ta l
ng b pht ti nng sao?'' Vng li n-tn bo: ''Thi ta thng m tha ti
cho, hy ct i. Ta lm Vua m chng sc cung-cp thc-phm cho
chng sa-mn hay sao?'' Khan bn ln h thn, chng dm ni na.

Trim-Di-Li lin i n ngay tr-s ca Na-Tin, trc lm l ri bch


rng: ''i-Vng thnh Ngi n hong-cung.'' Na-Tin ni: ''Nh-vua nh
ti n vi bao nhiu v sa-mn ng-hnh?'' Trim tha: ''Vua bo, t-
Ngi mun n vi bao nhiu v sa-mn cng c.''
Na-Tin lin bo tm mi v sa-mn D-Ho-La-T cng mnh ra i vi
Trim-Di-Li.
*
017.- Dc ng, Na-Tin khai-ng cho Trim.
Trn ng i, khi sp vo ca thnh, Trim-Di-Li nh li ngy hm qua,
Na-Tin c ni vi Vua, ''chng c chi l Na-Tin'', lin tha-thnh v samn v -ngha cu . Na-Tin hi Trim: ''Theo ca Khanh, th ci g l
Na-Tin?''
Trim-Di-Li p:
-Theo ti, th mng sng trong hi th ra vo chnh l Na-Tin.
Na-Tin hi li Trim:
- Hi th ca ngi khi ra m chng hon vo li, th ngi y cn sng
chng?
- Khi hi th ra m chng tr vo li, tc l cht mt.
- Nh ngi thi kn l lau, nh ngi thi ng b l rn, c hi ra m c
hi tr vo chng?
- Chng c hi tr vo.
- Nh ngi dng t-v thi qut di t, hi thi ra m c vo li chng?
- Chng c hi tr vo.
- Cng vi hi thi c ra m chng c tr vo, sao con ngi chng cht
theo?
Trim-Di-Li bch vi S:

- Ti chng th hiu ni khong gia hi th ra v vo, nguyn S v chng


ti m gii r ra.
Na-Tin gii-thch:
- Hi th ra vo l mt phn-vic trong thn-th; nh trong tm c -nim,
th li ni ra li, l phn-vic ca li; nh trong lng c iu nghi, tm
lin ngh n, l phn-vic ca tm; mi mi c c-phn v phn-vic c,
nhn li th l khng, (l rng-rang). Vy th, chng c g l Na-Tin c.
Trim-Di-Li-Vng-Qun, lng c rng m, hiu ra r-rng, lin xin th
gii u-b-tc.
*
018.- Bn v iu tinh-yu: ti sao lm sa-mn?
Na-Tin i vo hong-cung, n ni Vua ang ngi trn in cao. Vng
lin ng ln lm l Na-Tin v mi ngi. Tm mi v sa-mn ty tng
cng an-to. Vng lin dng-hin thc-phm tht tt, tht ngon. Chnh tay
Vua st thc n cho Na-Tin trc nht. Khi ch v sa-mn dng cm xong
v ra tay ri, Vng lin cho em ban-tng mi v sa-mn mt b o c-sa
v mt i giy da, v dng-hin cho ch Tng D-Ho-La-T ca NaTin mi v ba b o v mt i giy da. Vng lin ni vi Na-Tin, xin
lu li mi v sa-mn, cc v cn li c th ra v. Na-Tin lin gi li mi
ngi, cn cc ngi khc cho tr v cha.
Vng ra lnh cho cc qu-nhn v k-n hu-cung phi ra thng-in,
ngi sau mn m nghe Vng v Na-Tin bn-lun v Kinh kh. Khi cc
qu-nhn v k-n ngi sau mn ni thng- in xong, Vng lin n
gn bn cnh Na-Tin, ngi xung trc mt, v ni:
- Nn thuyt-ging iu chi y?
- Vng mun nghe iu tinh-yu, th nn ni iu tinh-yu.
- o ca ch Khanh c iu tinh-yu no ti quan-trng? Ch Khanh v ldo no m lm sa-mn?
- Chng ti v mun dt b s kh-nhc th-gian trong i ny v c i
sau, nn mi lm sa-mn. Chng ti ly iu lm iu thin ti-yu.

- C phi tt c ch sa-mn u v mun dt b s kh-nhc th-gian


trong i ny, i sau m lm sa-mn chng?
- Chng phi tt c u v mun dt b s kh-nhc th-gian trong i ny
v i sau mi lm sa-mn. Sa-mn c bn hng.
- Th no l bn hng sa-mn?
- (1) C hng v n-nn m lm sa-mn; (2) C hng v s huyn-quan m
lm sa-mn;(3) C hng v ngho-kh m lm sa-mn; (4) C hng tht-tnh
mun dt b s kh-nhc i ny, i sau nn mi lm sa-mn. Cn ti,
vn v cu o, mi lm sa-mn.
- Nay phi chng v cu o m Khanh lm sa-mn?
- Ti lc tui cn tr cu lm sa-mn, c gp cc v thng Kinh hiu o
v cc -t ch sa-mn u l bc cao-minh, nn theo hc Kinh-k v
Gii-lut nhp-tm, v th nay mun dt b s kh-nhc i ny v i
sau, nn mi lm sa-mn.
Vng ni: ''Lnh thay!''
*
019.- Ti sao phi sanh tr li? Tr-hu gip c g?
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- C ngi cht ri chng phi sanh li na hay chng?
- C ngi phi sanh li, m cng c ngi chng phi sanh tr li.
- Ai cn phi sanh li v ai chng cn sanh li?
- Ngi quyn-luyn nim n-i nhiu, lm s ham-mun th sanh li i
sau; ngi dt sch s n-i, b ht mi ham-mun th i sau chng phi
sanh tr li.
- Cn ngi mt lng nim Chnh-Php, c tr-hu v sing lm iu thin,
cng chng sanh li i sau, phi khng?

- Ngui ly nht-tm nim Chnh-Php, nim thin, nim tr- hu v cc


iu lnh khc, nh i sau chng phi sanh tr li.
- Ngi mt lng nim Chnh-Php, nim thin v tr-hu, hai u cng
mt -ngha nh nhau chng?
- Hai iu -ngha khc nhau, chng ng.
- Tru, nga, th-vt nui trong nh, c tr hay chng c tr?
- Tru nga, th-vt nh u c tr c, nhng tm chng ng.
Vng tng thy vic gt lu chng? Tay tri cm b la, tay phi ct t
cc cng lu. Tr-hu con ngi ct dt c s tham-i, cng nh ta gt
la, ct la vy.
Vng khen: ''Lnh thay!''
*
020.- Thin l g? Thnh-tn l g?
Vng hi Na-Tin:
- Cc iu thin l nhng g?
- Thnh-tn, hiu-thun, tinh-tn, nim thin, nht-tm, tr-hu, l cc
u thin.
- Thnh-tn l nhng g?
- Thnh-tn tc l chng cn ch no nghi-ng: tin c Pht, tin c Kinh,
Php ca Pht, tin c T-kheo Tng, tin c A-la-hn; tin c i ny, tin c
i sau; tin c s hiu-thun vi cha-m; tin lm lnh gp lnh, lm c gp
c. Tin c nh th th v sau, tm lin thanh-tnh dt xa c nm iu
c.
*
021.- Nm iu c l nhng g?
- Th no l nm iu c?

- Nm iu c l: (1) tham dm, (2) gin hn, (3) m ng, (4) vui a, (5)
nghi-ng. Ngi chng li xa nm iu c th tm- chng an-nh; ri
b c chng th tm lin thanh-tnh.
Th d nh Vua Gi-Ca-Vit cng ngi nga qua sng, khin cho nc tr
nn c ngu. Vt qua sng ri, Vua kht, mun c nc ung. Nh Vua
c vin ngc thanh-thy-chu, em ngm vo nc, nc lin lng trong,
Vua c nc tinh-khit ung. Lng ngi c v nh nc c. Cc v
-t Pht c o -thot sanh-t th tm thanh-tnh nh vin ngc thanhthy-chu. Ngi b c cc iu c, lng thnh-tn v thanh-tnh ta nh
vng trng sng.
Vng ngi khen:''Lnh thay! Lnh thay!''
*
022.- Tinh-tn l lm sao?
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- Ngi thnh-tn tinh-tn th nh th no?
- Cc v -t Pht t thy trong hng ng-tu c ngi dt b c c-tm,
c ngi c qu Tu--hun, c ngi c qu T--hm, c ngi c
qu A-na-hm, c ngi c qu A-la-hn, nguyn-nhn l bit bt chc
nhau m hnh-ng, nn cng u c -thot c.
Cng ta nh trn ni cao c trn ma ro, nc chy trn xung sng ngp
lai-lng. Cc ngi dn gn y chng bit c nc su cn th no, nn
chng dm li qua sng. Cht c ngi t xa li, nhn ln nc bit rng
hp, cn su ra sao, t lng sc mnh, nn vt qua c. Dn gn thy
th mi bt chc theo m li qua. -t Pht cng th, thy ngi i trc
tm thanh-tnh chng c bn qu-v, nn u noi theo thin-tm m
tinh-tn tin ln. Kinh Pht c ni, ngi c lng thnh-tn c th t c thot, ngi km ch c nm s tham-dc, th t bit thn ny l kh li
cn gip cho ngi i nn theo tr-hu m thnh-ton nn o-c.
Vng khen ngi: ''Lnh thay! Lnh thay!''
*

023.- Hiu-thun y l tun theo 37 Phm tr o.


Vng li hi:
- Th no l hiu-thun?
- Hiu-thun tc l tt c cc iu thin. Ba mi by phm kinh (= Ba mi
by Phm Tr o) u t cn-bn ni s hiu-thun.
- Ba mi by phm kinh l nhng g?
- l: (1) bn s dng-; (2) bn s on-; (3) bn thn-tc, (4) nm cn;
(5) nm lc; (6) by gic-; (7) tm loi o-hnh.
*
024.- Th no l bn s dng- (= t nim-x)?
- Bn s dng- l nhng g?
- c Pht dy: ''Mt l qun thn, th thn dng li; hai l qun s au-n
th s au-n ngng li; ba l qun tm-, th dng li; bn l qun php
(tc l cc s-vt) th php dng li. l bn php qun dng- li.''
*
025.- Th no l bn s on-?
- Bn s on l nhng g?
- c Pht dy: ''Khi phn-bit c bn s dng- ri th chng nh
ngh n na, l bn s on-. Khi c c bn s on- ri, th
lin c c bn nim thn-tc.
*
026.- Th no l bn nim thn-tc?
- Bn nim thn-tc l nhng g?

- Th nht l mt c th nhn thy thu-trit. Hai l tai c th nghe r c


thu-trit. Ba l c kh-nng bit r tm-trng ca k khc. Bn l thn-th
c kh-nng bay cao. l bn nim thn-tc.
*
027.- Nm cn l nhng g?
- Nm cn l nhng g?
- Th nht l mt thy sc p, sc xu, chng dnh mc. Th hai l tai
nghe ting tt, li mng, chng dnh mc. Ba l mi ngi mi thm hay
thi, chng dnh mc. Bn l ming c v ngon, hay ng cay, chng
dnh mc. Nm l thn ng chm vo ch trn lng, chng tham-mun,
ng vo vt th cng, chng on-ght. l nm cn.
*
028.- Nm lc gm c nhng g?
- Th no l nm lc?
- Mt l km ch mt, hai l km-ch tai, ba l km-ch mi, bn l km-ch
ming, nm l km-ch thn, cho khi b sa-o; l nm lc.
*
029.- Th no l by gic-?
- By gic- l nhng g?
- Mt l gic-; hai l phn-bit gic-; ba l tinh-tn gic-; bn l kh
gic-, nm l gic-; su l nh gic-; by l h gic-: l by gic.
*
030.- Tm loi o-hnh (Bt chnh-o) l nhng g?
- Th no l tm loi o-hnh?

- Mt l trc-kin; hai l trc-nim; ba l trc-ng; bn l trc-mng; nm l


trc-nghip; su l trc phng-tin; by l trc-; tm l trc-nh: l
tm loi o-hnh.
*
031.- Ly Bt-Chnh-o lm cn-bn tu-hnh.
Ba mi by phm-kinh u do hiu-thun lm cn-bn. Ngi thng
nng n m tin ti xa c c ch thnh-tu u do t m nn; th-gian,
la-m, cy-ci, rau c ngng ln tri u do t sanh.
Na-Tin ni:
- Th d nh v kin-trc-s xy ct thnh-th ln, phi lng-nh nn mng
trc, sau mi khi cng; th d nh ngi din tr mun trnh-din, trc
phi dn t cho bng-phng ri mi din tr. Ch -t Pht cu o trc
phi tun-hnh Gii, Kinh, nim iu thin, nhn v bit s kh-nhc thgian nn mi dt b mi s ham-mun, m mt lng nim tm loi ohnh.
- Lm cch no dt b mi ham-mun?
- Mt lng nim o, tc mi ham-mun t tiu-dit.
Vng khen: ''Lnh thay! Lnh thay!''
*
032.- Tinh-tn l g?
Vng li hi:
- Tinh-tn l nh th no?
- Gi iu lnh, gip cho iu lnh thm ln, l tinh-tn. Th-d nh
trong nc quc-vng c ni b cng-kch, Vng dn binh ra chng-c,
binh yu chng c c, Vng lin cho thm binh tip-vin, nn c thng.
Ngi c cc iu c cng nh binh yu, nu ngi bit gi lng lnh tiudit c-tm, cng nh Vng cho vin-binh thm chin-thng. Lng gi
nm iu thin, tiu dit nm iu bt-thin ca c-tm, cng nh chin-u

c thng vy. Tinh-tn tr gip cho iu lnh cng li nh th. Tinh-tn


tr-gip ngi tin n con ng lnh, hu c -thot, chng hon tr
li.
Vng ngi khen: ''Lnh thay! Lnh thay!''
*
033.- Nim iu thin l phi lm sao?
Vng li hi:
- Tm ng nim cc iu thin l nh th no?
- Th d nh ngi c nhiu bng hoa khc nhau, dng giy kt chung li
thnh trng, gi thi chng ri-rng ra.
Li v nh v quan ch kho vua bit r kho vua ang cn c bao nhiu vng
bc, chu ngc, lu-ly, trn-bo.
Ngi hc o mun c o th tm- nim ba mi by phm-kinh cng
nh chnh l nim o cu i vy. Ngi c o-tm, nhn v hiu rnh
vic thin-c, nn bit iu g nn lm, iu g chng nn lm, phn-bit
trng en, t mnh suy-t t nay tr v sau, b iu c, theo iu lnh.
Li th d nh i-Vng c ngi gi ca bit ai l ngi c Vua knhn, ai l ngi chng c Vua knh-n, ai l ngi em li li cho Vua, ai
l ngi gy bt-li cho Vua. V quan y bit ai c Vua knh, ai em li
li cho Vua, th lin cho vo; cn nhng ngi no chng c Vua knh,
hoc gy bt-li cho vua, th chng cho vo. Ngi gi-gn tm- cng li
nh th, cc iu thin th cho vo, cc iu c th ngn li. Gi-gn , km
ch tm l nh th .
Na-Tin li ni Kinh: ''Ngi ang t gi-gn thn-tm kin-c khi su
iu i-dc (=ham-mun), kin-tr tm-, l t mnh ang lo cu- cho
i.''
Vng khen ngi: ''Lnh thay! Lnh thay!''
*

034.- Th no gi l nht-tm?
Vng li hi:
- Nht-tm c ngha ra sao?
- Trong mi iu thin, nht-tm l vo bc cao nht. Ngi hay gi c
nht-tm th mi iu thin u i theo . V nh lu-i, b ngc cn c
ch nng-ta dng ln, cc ngi lm lnh cng u da vo s nhttm. Th-d nh cc tng-qun em bn o binh ra chin-u, binh ci
voi, binh ci nga, binh ngi xe, v b-binh, dn ra i chung quanh Vua
trc v sau. Cc Kinh Gii ca Pht v cc iu lnh cng u qui v nht
tm, ging nh cc binh-chng i theo bn Vua.
Na-Tin lin ni Kinh: ''Trong cc iu thin nht-tm lm cn-bn; cc
ngi hc o trc nht nn qui v nht-tm; thn ngi, sng cht, qukh, cng nh nc chy bn di, trc sau nng theo nhau, chng c
thi tr li.''
Vng khen: ''Lnh thay!''
*
035.- Tr-hu l nh th no?
Vng li hi:
- Tr-hu l nh th no?
- Ti c ni trc ri, tr-hu c kh-nng ct t cc nghi-ng, lm sng
t cc vic thin (...) V nh cm n i vo nh ti, nh la va vo nh th
ph tan mn u-ti m sng rc ln. Ngi c tr-hu sng-t cng nh nh
la. Li v nh ngi cm dao bn cht cy, ngi c tr-hu hay dit dt
cc iu c, cng nh con dao bn. Ni th-gian, con ngi ly tr-hu lm
iu quan-trng bc nht; ngi c tr-hu mi kh-nng vt thot c
ni kh sanh-t.
Vng khen: ''Lnh thay!''
*

036.- Cc loi Kinh u dy iu thin nhm vo vic tn-dit cc iu


c .
Vng li hi:
- Phi chng cc loi Kinh trc sau c dy nhiu iu khc nhau, nhng
cng u chung mt hng l nhm dit tt c iu c?
- D nhin, Kinh Pht dy nhiu loi thin nhng cng ch hng v nhm
dit mi iu c. V nh Vng pht bn o binh ra i chin-u, lc
khi hnh l cng-kch ch-qun, dit tt c mi iu c vy.
Vng ngi khen: ''Lnh thay! Lnh thay! Na-Tin ni Kinh tht v-cng
thch-th!''
*
037.- Ngi ti-sanh li th dng thn c, hay l c thn mi?
Vng li hi:
- Ngi cht ri i theo hng cc ng thin v c, c phi ly thn-tm c
sanh ra li, hay l dng thn-tm mi?
- Cng chng phi ly thn-tm c sanh ra li, m cng chng phi li b
thn-tm c.
Na-Tin nhn lin hi Vua:
- Thn ca Vng, thn lc nh cn b, n thn lc ln ln, c tip-tc thn
c chng?
- Thn lc cn nh th khc.
- Con ngi lc cn trong bng m (...) thn khi mi tng hnh n lc tht
xng cng-cp, thn t lc s-sanh n khi tui ln, u khc nhau c. V
nh c ngi hc sch, k ngi bn cnh c thay th m nhn ly cng hc
sch khng?
- Chng th nhn thay c.

- V nh ngi phm ti, c th ly ngi v-ti chu ti thay th cho mnh


hay khng?
- Chng th c.
Na-Tin dng tinh-thn ti-php hi Vng, Vng chng hiu. Vng
lin hi Na-Tin:
- V nh c ngi hi Na-Tin nh vy, Na-Tin p li nh th no?
- Thn ti lc b cho n khi ln vn tip-tc thn c; thn c ca hai thik c lc b v khi ln ln, cng u hm-cha mt thn c mng sng
nui-dng. V nh ngi thp n, n c th chy t cho n sng hay
khng?
- n du th chy n sng.
- nh n lc u hm, n na m, ch n sng, c phi l nh n lc
va mi thp sng ln khng?
- Chng phi l nh n c.
- Ngn n lc u hm n na m c thp n mi khc khng, n gn
sng c t ngn n khc khng?
- Na m chng thp n khc, ch nh n c tip-tc chy n sng.
- Tinh-thn con ngi c trin- chuyn (= pht-trin v bin-chuyn) tip
ni nhau nh th mi, cng ging nh vy; mt ci i th mt ci ti. Con
ngi tng theo tinh-thn t lc sanh ra cho ti gi, n khi cht tinh-thn
li mt ln na hng v no sanh, ri trin-chuyn lin-tc mi. chng
phi l tinh-thn c, m cng chng phi l li xa tinh-thn c. V nh sa,
ly sa lm thnh kem, kem lm thnh b, ri b lm thnh ph-mt; nu c
ngi ni, c ly ph-mt, b, kem lm ra sa li, li ni c dng
c chng?
- Li ni ca k chng th dng c.
- (...) T sa c kem, t kem c b, t b c ph-mt. Tinh-thn con ngi
cng li nh th; tng theo tinh-thn m sanh ra; tng theo sanh m ln ln
n trng-thnh, tng theo trng-thnh m gi, ri cht; sau khi cht, tinh-

thn li mun sanh tr li. Mt thn cht mun c li mt thn, ging nh


hai tim n ni nhau cng chy tip-tc.''
Vng khen ngi: ''Lnh thay! Lnh thay!''
*
038.- Ngi ht ti-sanh c bit mnh chng sanh li i sau hay
khng?
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- C ngi chng sanh li i sau khng, v c t bit c vic chng
sanh li y chng?
- D nhin, c ngi nh th, t bit mnh chng cn ti sanh.
- Lm sao bit c?
- Ngi y t bit mnh chng cn quyn-luyn n-i, chng cn ham-mun,
chng c iu c; nh bit mnh chng cn phi sanh li na.
Th d nh ngi nng-phu trng la, c nhiu thc, tr li v sau,
sang nm anh chng trng na, ch ly la d tr ra n. Ngi nng-phu y
c mong c la go mi chng?
- Ngi nng-phu y chng mong c la mi.
- Ti sao bit ngi y li chng c la mi?
- Ngi nng-phu y chng cy cy, chng trng la, th c ch mong c
chi na.
- Ngi c o cng li nh th, t bit rng dt b n-i, sng-kh,
chng cn tham-tm, do bit r i sau chng sanh li.
*
039.- Kh-nng ca Tr-hu ra sao?
Vng li hi:

- Bc c o chng sanh li i sau, i ny c c tr-hu khc hn


vi ngi thng chng?
- D nhin, c tr-hu khc hn ngi.
- C c sng-sut chng?
- D nhin, c c sng-sut.
- Tr-hu vi sng-sut ging nhau hay khc nhau?
- Tr-hu v sng-sut ging bng nhau.
- Ngi c tr-hu v sng-sut c bit ht mun s-vt chng, hay c ch
cn cha hiu-bit kp?
- Tr con ngi c ch hiu-bit kp, c ch chng kp.
- Nhng g l kp hiu, nhng g l cn cha hiu kp?
- Ngi thng bit r iu cha hc, iu cha kp hiu; v cng bit iu
hc v iu hiu kp. Cn bc tr-gi thy r con ngi cng vn vt
u phi qua i, qui v Khng, chng c s t-ti; v lng ham mun vuisng m gieo trng ngun-gc ca Kh; bit nh th v tng theo
m tin n Kh-Hu ( =Tr hiu r s Kh), bit r-rng s v-thng, s
thnh-bi; cho nn tr-hu khc vi ngi thng.
- Ngi c tr-hu ri th ngu-si vo u?
- Ngi c tr-hu th ngu-si t tiu-dit ht. V nh ngi cm n vo
trong nh ti, phng sng ln, tc mn ti en b tiu-dit. Tr-hu cng li
nh vy, ngi c tr th ngu-si tt tiu-dit.
- Th cn tr-hu ca tr-gi nay li u?
- Ngi dng tr lm cng-vic, lm xong, tr-hu lin tiu-dit, nhng
s-vic m tr-hu lm th cn . V nh ban m vit th bn n, vit
xong tt n, nhng bc th cn .
Bc tr-gi cng li nh th, lm xong vic lm, tr-hu lin tiu-dit,
nhng vic lm thnh-tu vn tip-tc cn ti .

- Bo rng, tr-hu lm xong vic thnh, lin t tiu-dit, ngha nh


th no?
- V nh ngi kia phng-b la chy cha sn nm thng nc, khi c nn
chy nh, lin em nm bnh nc nc ra cha la; la tt ri, ngi
cu-ha kia cn mun em nm bnh kia v nh na thi?
- Ngi cu-ha dp tt la ri chng cn mun gi nm bnh (nc) lm
chi na.
- Tm ngi c-o gi nm iu thin dit xong cc iu xu-c, cng
ta nh nm bnh nc cu-ha dp tt la.
*
040.- Nm iu thin l nhng g?
Vua lin hi Na-Tin:
- Nm iu thin l nhng g?
- Th nht l tin-tng c iu thin, iu c. Th hai l chng hy-phm
gii-lut v Kinh-k. Th ba l tinh-tn. Th t l c tr-hu nim iu thin.
Th nm l mt lng nim o. l nm iu thin. Ngi thng hay
phng-hnh nm iu thin c tr-hu, lin bit thn ngi v vn-vt
u v-thng, bit kh chng c t-ti, bit tnh Khng rng-rang chng
c g. V nh ng thy thuc dng nm v thuc em n nh ngi bnh,
cho bnh-nhn ung thuc, bnh c bt, ri khi, th ng thy c cn dng
nm v thuc c m cho ngi y ung na khng?
- Ht bnh ri cn cho ung thuc c lm g na?
- Nm v thuc cng nh tr gi nm iu thin; ng thy thuc cng nh
ngi cu o; cn bnh cng nh cc iu c; ngu-si nh l bnh-nhn;
ngi c-o cu i nh bnh lnh. Tr thnh-tu ni ngi, a
ngi n ch cu i. Ngi c-o ri, tr cng t dit. Li v nh vin
kin-tng mang nm mi tn tin ln hng v ch-qun bn xong c
thng; v y c mong nm mi tn quay li mang v khng?
- u c mong tn quay v li lm chi.

- Nm mi tn cng nh nm iu thin ca tr-hu . Ngi tng theo tr


m c o, ging nh v kin-tng c-thng qun ch. Cc iu c
nh cc no c-o (trong cnh Lun-hi). Ngi gi nm iu thin
dit-tr cc iu c; khi cc iu c dit, tr lnh pht-sanh, ngi tng theo
tr lnh m c o cu i, tr nn thng-ti, bt-dit.
Vng khen ngi: ''Lnh thay!''
*
041.- V sao bc c-o cn sng li phi chu kh?
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- Nh ngi c o, chng phi sanh li i sau, c cn phi chu cnh
kh na khng?
- Hoc cn phi chu kh, hoc chng cn phi kh na.
- Th no l cn phi chu kh, l chng phi chu kh na?
- Thn cn chu kh, tm- ht chu kh. S d thn cn phi chu kh l v
trong hin-ti thn cn l ngun-gc ca s kh; tm- s d ht kh l v
dt b tt c cc iu c, chng cn ham-mun chi, cho nn chng phi
chu kh na.
- Nu nh ngi c o chng th li thn kh ny, th l cha c c
o N-Hon (=Nit-bn) chng? Ngi c o chng cn n-i, m thn
cn kh, du tm- an-n, th s c o lm g? Nu nh ngi c
o thnh-cng, th v c g m cn lu li y?
- Th d nh trn cy, tri cn cha chn th chng vi hi, nn i cho chn
mui. i- Vng c bit li ni ca i-c X-l-vit (Pali: Sariputta =
X-li-pht) chng? X-l-vit lc cn sng c ni: ''Ti chng cu cht, ti
cng chng cu sng, ti ch ch ng thi ra i th ra i.''
Vng khen ngi: ''Lnh thay! Lnh thay!''
Kinh T-kheo Na-Tin
Ht Quyn Thng

A.- Bn Phng-dch
Quyn Trung
042.- Ba loi cm-th: vui, kh, chng vui chng kh.
Vng hi Na-tin:
- Con ngi cm thy vui, th thin hay l bt-thin? Con ngi cm thy
kh, th thin hay bt-thin? c Pht h chng c ni, c vui hoc c kh.
Nu nh khin cho c m lm ra chng c, th kh hay khng?
Na-Tin hi li Vng:
- Nh thanh st nung , c ngi tay cm ly th b phng chng; li cm
mt hn bng trong tay, bng c lm phng tay ngi chng?
- D nhin, c hai tay u b phng.
- Nh th, trong hai tay u nng c chng?
- Chng nng c hai.
- Hoc c hai u lnh ht chng?
- Chng lnh c hai.
Na-Tin bo: ''C hai tay u nng c. Ti mun hi k i-Vng, hai ln
trc, sau, c hai u nng, th nn ni c hai u nng; c hai u lnh th
nn ni c hai u lnh, c sao Vng li bo chung, mt nng, mt lnh m
cng lm cho tay ngi b phng?
Vng ni: ''Tr-c Ta cn thin-cn qu, chng sc hiu kp vic kh
ny. Nguyn Na-Tin v Ta m gii-thch cho.
Na-Tin ni:
- Kinh Pht c ni n vic : thng c su vic khin con ngi mng
bn trong; c su vic khin con ngi ru bn trong; li cng c su vic
khin con ngi chng mng cng chng ru; v bn ngoi li cng c su
vic khin con ngi bun ru.

a.- Su vic khin vui trong lng .


- Th no l su vic khin con ngi vui bn trong?
- Mt l mt c ch thy, ri li c ch mong-cu, cho nn khin cho con
ngi vui trong lng. Hai l tai nghe ting tt li c ch mong cu, cho nn
khin con ngi vui trong lng. Ba l mi ngi mi thm li c ch mongcu, cho nn khin con ngi vui trong lng. Bn l li c mn ngon li
c ch mong-cu, cho nn khin con ngi vui trong lng. Nm l thn ng
chm n ch trn lng li c ch mong-cu, cho nn khin con ngi vui
trong lng. Su l tm c cm-th vui li c ch mong-cu, cho nn khin
con ngi vui trong lng. Nh th, l su vic khin cho con ngi vui
trong lng.
b.- Su vic bn ngoi khin vui.
- Th no l su vic bn ngoi khin con ngi c vui?
- Mt l mt thy sc p, nh li iu chng th thng c, nn phi
dt b i, t suy-ngh hiu-bit l v-thng, cho nn khin con ngi
vui v bn ngoi. Hai l tai nghe ting tt, nh li iu chng th thng
c, nn phi dt b i, cho nn khin con ngi vui v bn ngoi. Ba l
mi ngi mi thm, nh li iu chng th thng c, nn phi dt b
i, cho nn khin con ngi vui v bn ngoi. Bn l ming c mn ngon,
nh li iu chng th thng c, nn phi dt b i, cho nn khin
con ngi vui v bn ngoi. Nm l thn ng chm ch trn lng, nh li
iu chng th thng c, nn phi dt b i, cho nn khin con ngi
vui v bn ngoi. Su l tm nh ngh n iu thng-mun, suy-ngh n
iu l v-thng, nn dt b c, sau khi nh ngh nh vy lin khi ln
vui. l su s-vic khin cho con ngi vui v bn ngoi.
c.- Su vic bn trong khin bun.
- Th no l su s-vic bn trong khin cho lng ngi ru?
- Mt l mt phi nhn vo ch chng mun thy, khin cho bn trong bun.
Hai l tai phi nghe iu chng mun c nghe, khin bun lng. Ba l mi
chng a ch thi m phi ngi mi hi, khin cho bng bun-b. Bn l
ming chng mun nm mn m phi nm khin cho bng chng vui.
Nm l thn chng mun ng n vt m phi chm ly khin lng ru-

r. Su l tm chng c iu vui m phi ngh n khin cho d su. l


su s-vic khin cho bn trong lng ngi bun-ru.
d.- Su vic bn ngoi khin chng vui.
- Th no l su s-vic khin cho ngi chng mng?
- Mt l mt thy sc xu-c khin lng chng vui. Hai l tai nghe ting cc khin lng chng vui. Ba l mi ngi mi hi-thi khin lng chng vui.
Bn l li nm v cay ng khin lng chng vui. Nm l thn mc th
cng khin lng chng vui. Su l tm c iu on ght khin lng chng
vui. l su s-vic bn ngoi khin lng ngi chng vui mng.
e.- Su vic khin chng vui chng bun.
- Th no l su vic khin lng ngi chng bun, m cng chng vui?
- Mt l mt nhn thy iu chng bun li chng vui. Hai l tai nghe ting
chng bun cng chng vui. Ba l mi ngi mi chng bun cng chng vui.
Bn l ming nm v chng bun cng chng vui. Nm l thn c ch ngchm chng bun cng chng vui. Su l tm ngh n vic chng bun m
chng vui. l su s-vic bn trong khin cho lng ngi chng bun m
cng chng vui.
f.- Su vic bn ngoi khin cho bun lng.
- Th no l su vic bn ngoi khin cho ngi bun?
- Mt l khi mt thy ci cht, lng t ngh l thn ngi cng vn-vt u
v-thng, k y t ngh, mnh c c -nim m sao cn cha c
o, l nguyn-nhn bn ngoi gy ra su. Hai l khi tai nghe ting tt,
lng chng mng; k y t ngh, mnh c c -nim c sao cn
cha c-o, l nguyn-nhn bn ngoi gy ra su. Ba l mi chng vui
bun vi mi thm mi thi; k y t ngh, mnh c -nim c sao cn
cha c-o, l nguyn-nhn bn ngoi gy ra su. Bn l ming chng
nm ng ngt; k y t ngh, mnh c -nim c sao cn cha co, l nguyn-nhn bn ngoi gy ra su. Nm l thn chng ham-thch
ch trn-lng cng chng bt-mn vi ch th-cng; k y t ngh, mnh
c c -nim y c sao cn cha c-o, l nguyn-nhn bn ngoi
gy ra su. Su l tm chng vui vi s ham-mun; k y t ngh, mnh

c -nim c sao cn cha c-o, l nguyn-nhn bn ngoi gy ra


su. y l su s-vic bn ngoi khin lng ngi tr nn su.
Vng khen ngi: ''Lnh thay! Lnh thay!''
*
043.- Khi cht ri, ai sanh tr li?
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- Con ngi cht ri, khi sanh li i sau l ai vy?
- Danh (= tm-thn) v Thn (= thn-th ) sanh li i sau.
- Danh c v Thn c ca ngi y sanh li chng?
- Chng phi nh vy. Chng phi Danh c, cng chng phi Thn c gi
ly thn-tm ny i nay lm iu thin c cho n i sau, m sanh ra li
u.
- Nh khin dng thn-tm ny lm iu thin, iu c i ny ri i sau
chng sanh li, th c ht sc lm iu thin, iu c cng c thot ht,
chng phi chu kh li na hay sao?
- Ni i ny lm iu thin, th i sau chng sanh li na, lin c giithot. Cn ngi chng ngng lm iu thin, iu c th phi sanh li v
sau, cho nn chng c gii-thot. Th-d nh c ngi n trm tri da;
ngi ch b mt trm bt k y em li trnh vi Vng: ''Anh ny ly trm
tri ca ti.'' Anh n trm ci li: ''Ti u c ly trm tri ca anh. Ch anh
trng l trng cy nh, vn u phi l anh trng tri da; ti hi tri da
th lm g l n trm; ti chng h trm da ca anh ta, th c ti g?'' Hai
ngi tranh-ci nh th, th ai phi, ai quy?
- Ngi trng cy, phi; v vn to ra cy trng; ngi trm tri th quy,
chng ci c, phi chu ti.
- V sao anh n trm c ti?
- S d tn trm c ti l v cn-bn l ngi trng cy, c cy th mi sanh
ra tri ch.

- i ngi cng li nh th. Ngi i nay dng thn-tm ny lm iu


thin, iu c, cho n khi sanh li vo i sau, th thn-tm lm thin-c
i ny l cn-bn vy. Li v nh c ngi trm la thc ca ngi khc;
ngi ch bt, lin ni: ''Anh n trm thc lu ca ti.'' K trm thc ni:
''Ti chng trm thc ca anh. Anh t trng la; ti t gt thc, ti lm g
m phm ti trm.'' Hai ngi lin dn nhau n trnh Vng. Nh th, ai
phi ai quy?
- Ngi trng la, phi; cn k trm thc th quy.
- Sao li bit k trm thc l quy?
- Ngi trng la th phi, v trng la l cn-bn, nu chng trng la, th
lm sao m c ra thc c.
- i ngi cng li nh th. Ngi i nay dng thn-tm ny lm iu
thin-c cho n khi sanh li vo i sau, th do thn ny lm cn-bn vy.
Li th-d na, nh vo ma ng lnh-lo, ngi kia t la ln si cho
m, ri ln ln b m i. La bt chy vch, tng ri lan sang lu nh
ngi khc. Ch nh ny li ngi t la kia li trnh Vng: ''Anh ny t
la chy sang lu nh ti.'' K t la ci: ''Ti t la nh-nh si
m; ti u c thiu t nh lu.'' i-Vng x ai phi, ai quy?
- K t la, quy; vn do cn-bn t la mi sanh chy nh.
- i ngi cng li nh th, ngi i nay dng thn-tm ny lm iu
thin-c cho n i sau sanh li th thn-tm ny chnh l cn-bn vy. Li
cn th-d khc na, nh ban m mt ngi t uc sng ln, gn vch,
n cm; uc t t chy lan ln vch ri gp tre trc cy g lin thiu c
ngi nh; la bng ln chy to thiu hy c thnh-ph. Dn chng trong
thnh cng la-ht ngi t uc: ''C g m my li t chy c thnh-ph
nh vy?'' Ngi kia ni: ''Ti ch t ngn uc nh c nh-sng m n
cm; thnh chy l ti la ln kia, ch no phi la ca ti.'' Nh th h
tranh-ci nhau, a nhau n trc n vua. i-Vng x ai phi, ai quy?
- K t uc c ti.
- V sao bit k y c ti?
- Cn-bn la sanh chy to l do tn ny n cm xong chng dp tt uc,
khin la bng ln chy ri c thnh.

- i ngi cng li nh th, ngi i nay dng thn-tm ny lm cc iu


thin-c cho n i sau sanh li, th thn-tm ny chnh l cn-bn ca s
ti-sanh; con ngi cn cha hiu l , lm iu thin-c, cho nn chng
c -thot. Li thm mt th-d khc na, nh c ngi dng tin cu
ci mt a con gi nh sau ny v lm v. V sau, c gi ln ln, li c
ngi khc dng tin xin ci, lin c v. Ngi cu hn khi trc li
nh trch: ''Anh ti sau sao li ci tranh v ti?'' Ngi kia bo: ''Anh t
lc nh cu hn vi a b gi; ti ci v vo lc nng ln ln, no ti c
ginh v vi anh u.'' C hai tranh-ci, dn nhau n n vua, i-Vng
x ai phi, ai quy?
- Ngi cu hn trc, phi.
- Sao i-Vng bit?
- Ngi con gi y vn l t nh ln ln ln ln, cho nn bit l v ca
ngi cu-hn trc.
- i ngi cng v nh th . Ngi i nay dng thn-tm ny lm cc
iu thin-c cho n i sau sanh li, th thn-tm i ny chnh lm cnbn cho vic ti-sanh . Li cn mt th-d khc na, nh c ngi mang
bnh i mua sa ca k nui b. Mua sa ri, gi li cho ch v ni: ''Chng
bao lu na, ti s tr li ly.'' Ngi gi sa t lu sau tr li ly bnh sa,
sa chuyn thnh sa chua. Anh ta trch: ''Ti gi sa trong bnh cho anh,
sao anh li i thnh sa chua vy?'' Ngi ch b ci li: ''y l sa c
ca anh gi, nay t n chuyn thnh sa chua.'' Hai ngi tranh-ci vi
nhau, dn nhau n n vua. i-Vng thy ai phi?
- Ngi ch b, phi.
- Sao i-Vng bit?
- K kia mua sa gi li lu, sa t chuyn thnh sa chua, ngi ch b
no c li g.
- i ngi cng v nh th . Ngi i nay dng thn-tm ny lm cc
iu thin-c cho n i sau sanh li, th thn-tm lm thin-c i ny
chnh l cn-bn cho vic ti-sanh y vy.
*

044.- Vua hi, Na-Tin c sanh tr li na khng?


Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- Na-Tin nay c sanh tr li i sau khng?
- Li i-Vng hi ti y, trc ti p ri. Nu nh ti cn c s luluyn v n-i, th i sau s sanh tr li; cn nu dt c s n-i, th ti
chng sanh li na. V nh c ngi tn lc phc-v i-Vng, iVng bit r iu tt , lin ban thng cho nhiu tin-ca. K y c
thng, dng tin-bc sm qun o, chi-ph n ung, vui a tho-thch, ri
li phao li, ni: ''Ta c cng vi nh vua, m vua cha tng ban thng cho
ta g c.'' Ti xin hi i-Vng, k c ban thng ri, cn ni ngc li
cha h c thng, li ni ca k y c th dng c chng?
- Li ni ca k y chng dng c.
- Th cho nn, ti xin ni vi i-Vng, nu ti cn n-i th i sau phi
sanh li; cn nh ti dt n-i ri, th i sau chng phc-sanh na.
Vng khen ngi: ''Lnh thay! Lnh thay!''
*
045.- Danh-Thn ngha l g?
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- Khanh trc c ni, Danh v Thn ca con ngi; vy Danh l nhng g,
v Thn l nhng g?
- Tm thn hin nay ang thy y l Thn, cn ch nh ngh trong lng l
Danh.
- Ti sao ni con ngi, Danh th sanh li i sau, m Thn ny li chng
sanh theo?
- Thn v Danh ca con ngi, trc sau lin quan nhau, v nh mm g-con
trong cht lng v v cng bn ngoi, ln ln cho n khi thnh con g con.
Ni con ngi, Danh v Thn lin-quan nhau cng nh th , chng th
phn-ly ra c.

Vua khen: ''Lnh thay!''


*
046.- Thi-gian.
Vua li hi Na-Tin:
- Thi-gian di lu l nhng g?
- Ly vic qu-kh qua lm lu-di; cng ly vic v-lai sp ti lm ludi; ch c hin-ti by gi l chng di lu.
- Lnh thay! Ngh cho k th c s lu-di chng?
- Hoc c lu-di, hoc chng c lu-di.
- Th no l c lu-di? Th no l chng c lu-di?
- i vi bc c N-Hon (=Nit-bn) th chng c thi-gian di lu;
i vi k cha c o cn phi sng i cht li th c thi-gian lu-di.
Ngi, i ny, sing lm vic b-th, n c hiu vi m cha, th vo cc
i sau c th chng-c c phc y.
Vng khen ngi: ''Lnh thay! Lnh thay!''
*
047.- Thi-gian cng vi Danh-Thn trin-chuyn.
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- Vic qu-kh, vic v-lai, vic hin-ti, ba iu , iu no l cn-bn?
- Vic qu-kh, vic v-lai, vic hin-ti, k ngu-si u ly l cn-bn.
a.- Thn sanh Danh, Danh sanh su thc.
H ngu-si sanh th tinh-thn sanh. Tinh-thn sanh thn, thn sanh danh, danh
sanh sc (= vt-cht), sc sanh su thc (= su ci bit): (1) nhn-thc, (2)
nh-thc, (3) t-thc, (4) thit-thc, (5) thn-thc, (6) -thc, su thc u
hng ra ngoi. Mt hng v hnh-sc, tai hng v m-thanh, mi hng

v mi hng, ming li hng v v nm, thn hng v trn-lng, tm-


hng v s ham-mun; l su s hng ra ngoi.
b.- Nguyn-nhn dy chuyn
Danh (= phn tinh-thn) lm phi (phi-hp = gom chung li), phi hip vi
phi lin bit kh, bit sng; tng theo sng kh sanh ra n-i, tng theo
n-i sanh ra ham-mun, tng theo ham-mun sanh ra hu-tr (= c s
truyn-t) lin sanh ra nguyn-nhn ca gi, tng theo gi l nguyn-nhn
ca bnh; tng theo bnh l nguyn-nhn ca cht, tng theo cht l nguynnhn ca khc-lc, tng theo khc-lc l nguyn-nhn ca u-su, tng theo
u-su l au-n trong ni-tm. H hip li tt cc s kh-nhc li th
thnh con ngi, ly m con ngi sng cht chng bao gi cng-tn,
cho nn chng th no bit r ci thn-gc u-tin cho c.
c.- Cc th-d: la trng hng nm; con g trng sanh con; vng trn
khp kn .
Th-d nh ngi ta trng la, la mc r, tng theo r sanh ra cnh, l, ht,
cho n sau sanh ra thc, mi n nm sau c thc tht nhiu.
Na-Tin lin hi Vng:
- Nh ngi ta trng la, nm no cng trng la, th c lc no dt tuyt
chng sanh ra la na chng?
- Nm, nm, c trng la th lm sao c lc dt tuyt c.
- i ngi cng li nh th, c chuyn-i mi, chng h c lc dt tuyt
c.
Th-d nh g trng, trng n ra g, tng theo trng sanh trng, tng theo
g sanh g. i ngi cng li nh th, chng bao gi dt tuyt.
Na-Tin ngng ging, ly tay v mt vng trn di t, ri hi Vng:
- i-Vng nay thy vng trn ny c gc no khng?
- Vng trn-vo, chng c gc ch no c.

- Kinh Pht ni: ''i ngi sng cht cng nh bnh xe chuyn ln, sanh t,
t sanh, chng bao gi dt tuyt.''
d.- Su cn, su trn v su thc phi-hip ...
Con ngi tng theo mt, hnh-sc ca vn-vt, v c thc; l gic-tri
(=hiu-bit); ba s-vic (mt, hnh-sc, thc) hip li, ri tng theo hip
m sanh ra sng kh, tng theo sng kh sanh ra n-i, tng theo n-i
sanh ra ham-mun, tng theo ham-mun sanh ra hu-tr (= c s truynt), tng theo hu-tr s sanh sanh ra, tng theo sanh l nguyn-nhn ca
vic lm thin-c.
Tng theo thin-c, lin khi sanh ra tai nghe m-thanh, c thc tc l gictri, c ba s-vic (tai, m-thanh, thc) hip li m sanh ra sng kh,
tng theo sng kh sanh ra n-i, tng theo n-i sanh ra ham-mun, tng
theo ham-mun sanh ra hu-tr, tng theo hu-tr m s sanh sanh ra, tng
theo sanh m lm cc iu thin-c.
Tng theo thin-c, lin khi sanh ra mi ngi mi, c thc, tc l gic-tri;
ba s-vic (mi, mi v thc) hip li, tng theo hip sanh ra sng kh,
tng theo sng kh sanh ra n-i, tng theo n-i sanh ra ham-mun, tng
theo ham-mun sanh ra hu-tr, tng theo hu-tr m s sanh sanh ra, tng
theo sanh m lm iu thin-c.
Tng theo thin-c, lin khi sanh ra ming nm v, c thc tc l gic-tri;
ba s-vic (ming, v v thc) hip li, tng theo hip m sanh ra sng
kh, tng theo sng kh m sanh ra n-i, tng theo n-i m sanh ra hammun, tng theo ham-mun sanh ra hu-tr, tng theo hu-tr m s sanh
sanh ra, tng theo sanh m lm iu thin-c.
Tng theo thin-c lin khi sanh ra thn c ch trn-lng, c thc tc l
gic-tri; ba s-vic (thn, trn-lng v thc) hip li, tng theo hip sanh
ra sng kh, tng theo sng kh m sanh ra n-i, tng theo n-i m sanh
ra ham-mun, tng theo ham-mun m sanh ra hu-tr, tng theo hu-tr m
s sanh sanh ra, tng theo sanh m lm u thin-c.
Tng theo thin-c m khi sanh ra tm-, -nim v c thc tc l gic-tri;
c ba s-vic (tm, -nim v thc) hip li, tng theo hip m sanh ra
sng kh, tng theo sng kh m sanh ra n-i, tng theo n-i m sanh ra
ham-mun, tng theo ham-mun m sanh ra hu-tr, tng theo hu-tr m

khin s sanh sanh ra, tng theo sanh m lm iu thin-c. Nh th, con
ngi trin-chuyn, sanh t t sanh, chng bao gi dt tuyt.
Vng ngi khen: ''Lnh thay!''.
*
048.- ''Ngi c gc'' ngha l g?
Vng li hi Na-tin:
- Khanh c ni, con ngi sng cht chng th c c gc. ''Chng th
c c gc'' -ngha ra lm sao?
- ''Ngi c gc'' phi chng sanh tr li, ''ngi c gc'' phi tr li qu-kh
dng lm ''gc''.
- ''Ngi chng c gc'' phi nn chng sanh tr li, nhn thy ''ngi c
gc'' phi tr li qu-kh, nh th thi ''gc'' l cha dt tuyt chng?
- D nhin, c hai u phi l qu-kh.
*
049.- Ci ''gc sanh-t'' l g?
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- i ngi sng cht c k theo bn cnh gip thm ch li chng?
- Ti xin hi li i-Vng, con ngi th-gian cng vi cc loi nhn khi
di-chuyn th b i theo bn cnh c tng thm ch li g chng?
- Ta chng hi Na-Tin v con ngi th-gian cng cc loi nhn b i khi
di-chuyn; Ta ch mun hi Na-Tin ci gc sanh t ca con ngi l g?
a.- ''Gc sanh-t'' ca con ngi.
- Cy-ci sanh ra, ly chi non lm gc; ng cc ly ht la lm gc; thinh, vn vt u ly gc ca loi mnh m sanh ra. Con ngi th tng theo
su tnh-cm, n-i, lm gc. Con ngi c mt, c hnh-sc, v c thc; c
tai, c m-thanh, v c thc; c mi, c mi, v c thc; c li, c v, v c

thc; c thn, c trn-lng, v c thc; c nim, c php (=s-vt), v c


thc. Tng theo cc iu m sanh ra sng kh; tng theo sng kh m
sanh ra n-i; tng theo n-i m sanh ra ham-mun; tng theo ham-mun
m s sanh sanh ra; hip cc iu kh li cho n thnh ra con ngi.
b.- T su cn n nguyn-nhn phi ti-sanh.
Mt, tai, mi, ming, thn, tinh-thn, thc, nim khin c s truyn-t hip
li lm phi, tng theo phi sanh sng kh, tng theo sng kh sanh ni, tng theo n-i sanh ham-mun, tng theo ham-mun sanh ra nguyn
nhn truyn-t. Tng theo truyn-t m s sanh sanh ra, tng theo sanh
m c nguyn-nhn gi, bnh, tng theo bnh m c nguyn nhn cht, usu, khc-lc, tng theo khc lc m sanh ra au-n trong ni-tm. i con
ngi l nh th!
c.- T su cn n chng-c v-sanh.
Nu chng c mt th chng thy hnh-sc, chng hay, chng bit; tng theo
s chng hay chng bit m chng c s phi-hip; chng c s phi-hip
th chng c sng kh; chng c sng kh lin chng sanh n-i; chng
n-i th chng sanh ham-mun; chng ham-mun th chng c hu-tr (= s
truyn-t), chng sanh, chng gi; chng sanh chng gi th chng bnh,
chng cht; chng bnh chng cht th chng su, chng khc; chng su,
chng khc th ni-tm chng au-n. Chng c cc iu kh , th lin
c c o N-Hon (=Nit-Bn). Chng tai th chng c ch nghe; chng
mi th chng c ch ngi; chng ming th chng c ch nm; chng thn
th chng c ch trn-lng; chng c thc th chng c s-nim; chng c
s-nim th chng c phi-hip; chng c phi-hip th chng sng chng
kh; chng sng chng kh th chng c n-i; chng c n-i th chng
ham-mun; chng ham-mun th chng c bo-thai, chng c s sanh; chng
sanh th chng gi; chng gi th chng bnh; chng bnh th chng cht;
chng cht th chng su, chng su th chng khc; chng khc th ni-tm
chng au-n; dt b ht tt c cc ni kh , lin c c o N-Hon.
Vng khen ngi: ''Lnh thay!''
*
050.- Th-gian chng h c vic t-nhin m sanh ra
Vng li hi Na-Tin:

- Th-gian c vt no t-nhin m sanh ra chng?


- Chng h c vt no t-nhin m t sanh ra ly c; phi c nguyn-nhn
mi sanh ra.
a.- Th-d v ta in cao.
Na-Tin hi Vng:
- Nay i-Vng ngi trn ta in cao ny, in y do nhn-cng to ra,
hay l t-nhin sanh ra?
- Nhn-cng to ra in ny; g xut t cy-ci; tng, vch, bn t,
xut t t-ai.
- i ngi cng li nh th; tt c cc gii ho-hip li cho n thnh ra
con ngi. Do , chng h c vt no t-nhin m sanh ra c, u phi c
nguyn-nhn.
b.- Th-d v ngi th gm .
Th-d nh ngi th lm gm, ly t st ha vi nc, nhi nhuyn ri
em hm trong l m thnh cc vt-dng, t st kia chng th t thnh vtdng c, m phi c nhn-cng, ci, la, mi thnh ra kh-c c. Thgian chng h c vic t-nhin m sanh ra c.
c.- Th-d v cy n .
Li na, th-d nh cy n-st m thiu dy, thiu phm, thiu ngi khy,
th c pht ra m-thanh chng?
- Chng th t cy n m c m-thanh c.
- Nu nh cy n-st dy, c phm, c ngi cm khy, th c pht ra
ting n chng?
- C, c c ting n.
- Nh th th thin h chng h c vt t-nhin sanh ra, tt c u phi c
nguyn-nhn ca n.
d.- Cc th-d khc: ly la, king soi.

Li c th-d na, nh mun c cy ly la m chng c hai khc g, chng


c ngi c, th c c la chng?
- Chng th c c la.
- Gi nh c hai khc g, c ngi c g, th la c sanh ra chng?
- D nhin s c la sanh ra.
- Vy th thin-h chng h c vt no t-nhin m sanh ra, tt phi c
nguyn-nhn ca n.
Li na, th-d nh dng king ri ln t nh nng li ly la, m chng
c ngi cm king, chng c vng mt tri, th c c la chng?
- Chng c la c.
- Li v nh c ngi cm king, c nh mt tri, th c la khng?
- c la.
- Nh th thin-h chng h c vt g t-nhin m sanh ra, phi c nguynnhn.
Li thm th-d na, nu chng c king soi, chng c nh sng m ngi
kia mun chiu xem mt mnh, c thy mt c chng?
- Chng th t thy c.
- Nu nh ngi c king soi, c nh sng, c ngi t xem mt mnh, th
c khng?
- D nhin, c th t thy c.
- Nh th, thin-h chng h c vt no t-nhin m sanh ra c, tt phi
c nguyn-nhn ca n.
Vng khen: ''Lnh thay!''
*

051.- ''Ci g'' l ''Ngi''?


Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- Ngi th-gian l c ''ngi'' hay l chng c ngi?
- Xt ngh cho k, th-gian chng th no c ''ngi'', th gi ''ai'' (hay ''ci
g'') l ''ngi'' cho thch-hp c.
- Mng sng trong thn l ''ngi'' chng?
Na-Tin lin hi li Vng rng:
- Mng sng trong thn ngi c th dng mt thy hnh-sc chng, c th
dng tai nghe m-thanh chng, c th dng mi ngi mi chng, c th
ming nm v chng, c th dng thn bit s trn-lng chng, c th dng
tm- c s hay-bit chng?
- C th.
- Nay i-Vng v ti cng ngi trn in ny, bn mt c ca s, ty
mnh mun nhn ra ca s no m thy c chng?
- Thy c.
- Gi-thit nh mng sng, trong thn ngi, ty mun, theo ''ca h'' (=
khng) no thy, c th dng mt thy c hnh-sc chng, c th
dng tai thy c hnh-sc chng, c th dng mi thy c hnhsc chng, c th dng ming thy c hnh-sc chng, c th dng thn
thy c hnh-sc chng?
- Chng th c.
- Gi-thit nh mng sng ti tai, c th ly tai nghe c chng, c th
ly tai thy c chng, c th ly tai ngi mi c chng, c th ly
tai nm c v chng, c th ly tai bit c ch trn-lng chng, c
th ly tai c c ch suy-ngh chng?
Li gi-thit nh mng sng ti mi, c th ly mi ngi mi thi c
chng, c th ly mi nghe c m-thanh chng, c th ly mi nm

v c chng, c th ly mi bit c s trn-lng chng, c th ly


mi bit c ch suy-ngh chng?
Li gi-thit nh mng sng ti ming, c th ly ming thy c chng,
c th ly ming nghe c m-thanh chng, c th ly ming ngi
mi thi c chng, c th ly ming bit c s trn-lng chng, c
th ly ming bit c ch suy-ngh chng?
Li gi-thit nh mng sng ti thn, c th ly thn bit c s trnlng chng, c th ly thn thy c chng, c th ly thn nghe c
m-thanh chng, c th ly thn ngi mi thi c chng, c th ly
thn nm c v chng, c th ly thn bit c ch suy-ngh
chng?
Li gi-thit nh mng sng ti thc, c th ly thc bit c ch suyngh chng, c th ly thc nghe c m-thanh chng, c th ly thc
ngi mi thi c chng, c th ly thc nm c v chng, c th ly
thc bit c s trn-lng chng?
- Chng th bit c.
- i-Vng, li ni ca Ngi trc sau chng tng-ng nhau. Nh iVng v ti ang ngi trn in y, nu ph b cc ca s bn bn, th
thy c c xa rng chng?
- D nhin, thy c xa rng.
- Gi-thit nh mng sng ti thn, khai ln mt ra, th thy c xa rng
chng, khai ln tai ra th nghe c xa chng, khai ln mi ra th ngi c
xa chng, khai rng ming ra th nm v c nhiu chng, khai rng da ra
th bit trn-lng nhiu chng, khai rng phn-on ra th c nhiu
chng?
- Chng c.
- Nh th th li ni ca i-Vng trc sau chng tng-ng nhau.
Na-Tin lin hi Vng rng:
- Ngi gi kho vua n trc mt i-Vng, i-Vng c hay-bit ng
ta ang ng trc mt chng?

- Bit, trc mt.


- ng ta i vo nh trong, i-Vng c hay-bit ng y vo nh trong
chng?
- Bit, i vo nh trong.
- Gi-thit nh mng-sng ti thn, ngi nm v trong ming c haybit ngt, chua, mn, cay, ng chng?
- Bit ch.
- Li ni ca i-Vng trc sau li chng tng-ng nhau. V nh c
ngi mua ru ngon y mt thng ln, ri bt thn c nhn u mt
ngi khc vo thng ru thng-thc, k y c bit c v ru hay
khng?
- K y chng bit c.
- Ti sao li chng bit c v ru?
- Ru cha kp vo trong ming n trn li, cho nn chng bit c
v ru.
- Li ni ca i-Vng trc li cng chng tng-ng nhau.
Vng ni:
- Tr Ta ngu-si cha hiu kp ch kh-khn ny; xin nguyn Na-Tin giithch cho.
Na-Tin ni:
- Ngi theo mt thy hnh-sc, tm-thn chuyn-ng, tm-thn chuynng tc sanh sng kh, cng vi -nim hip li; tai, mi, ming, cng
cng hip nhau li lm cho tm- c -nim l tm-thn chuyn-ng. Tmthn chuyn-ng tc sanh sng kh; tng theo sng kh m sanh ra , ra
nim, c trin-chuyn (= pht-trin v bin-chuyn) cng nhau m thnh, t
chng h c mt v ch thng-hng no c.
Vng khen ngi: ''Lnh thay!''

*
052.- Mt v tm cng thy.
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- Khi con ngi mt thy th mt v tm c cng nhau pht-sanh hay khng?
- D nhin, c hai ng thi cng pht-sanh.
- Mt thy trc hay l tm thy trc?
- Mt thy trc, tm thy sau.
- C hai c ni vi nhau nh vy chng? Mt ni vi tm, ch ti thy trc,
anh nn theo sau m thy. Tm ni vi mt, ch anh thy, ti nn theo
m thy sau.
- C hai chng ni vi nhau g ht.
- Khanh h chng c ni, ''ng thi cng pht-sanh'' hay sao, v c g m c
hai li chng ni vi nhau nh vy?
- C bn s-vic khin cho chng chng cn ni vi nhau nh trn. Bn svic l nhng g? Mt l, i theo xung di. Hai l, i theo hng ca.
Ba l, i theo vt xe. Bn l theo s. Bn s-vic khin cho chng c s
cng ni vi nhau.
- Th no l i theo xung di?
- Trn ni cao c ma ln, th nc chy xung nh th no?
- Chy theo xung phi di.
- Sau , li c ma na. Nc ny chy nh th no?
- Th chy theo ch nc m ma trc chy.
- Nc chy trc c ni vi nc sau, anh phi chy theo ng ti qua
trc, chng? Nc sau c ni vi nc trc, ti ang chy theo ng anh
qua trc, chng?

- Nc chy th c t chy, nc chy trc chng c ni g vi nc chy


sau.
- Mt li cng nh nc vy, mt chng c ni vi tm, anh phi ty theo
ch ti thy m khi-sanh sau; tm cng chng c ni vi mt, ti ng ty
theo sau ch anh thy m khi-ng ln. Mt v tm chng ni g vi nhau
c. gi l i theo xung di. Tai, mt, mi, ming, thn, , cng li nh
th.
- Th no i theo hng ca?
- V nh -thnh ln ch c mt ca ra vo; bn trong c mt ngi mun
i ra, th phi theo hng no?
- Phi theo hng ra ca.
- Sau li c mt ngi khc cng mun ra khi thnh, th phi i theo
hng no?
- C-nhin ngi sau ny phi noi theo con ng ngi i trc m ra.
- Th th, ngi ra trc c bo k ra sau, anh phi i theo ng ti i m
ra sau. Cn ngi i sau c ni vi k i trc, ti ang theo con ng anh
i m ra khi thnh. Hai ngi c ni vi nhau nh vy khng?
- Ngi i trc vi k ra sau chng cng ni vi nhau.
- Mt cng li nh th. Mt chng ni vi tm, anh phi theo sau ti m
khi-pht; tm cng chng ni vi mt, ti nay ang theo sau anh m khipht. Mt v tm chng cng ni vi nhau. gi l i theo hng ca. Tai,
mi, ming, thn v , cng li nh th.
- Th no l i theo vt xe?
- Xe trc i qua, li vt bnh xe trn ng; xe sau phi theo ng no
m i?
- Xe sau phi theo vt bnh xe trc m i.

- Bnh ca xe trc ni vi bnh ca xe sau, anh phi nn theo ch ti i


qua m i; bnh xe sau ni vi bnh ca xe trc, ti ang i theo vt xe ca
anh li. C hai c ni vi nhau nh th chng?
- Chng c ni cng nhau.
- i vi con ngi, cng li nh th. Mt chng ni vi tm, ti thy ch
ny, anh phi ty theo sau ch ti thy m khi-sanh. Tm cng chng
ni, ti ang ty theo ch anh thy m khi-sanh. Tai, mi, ming, thn v
tm, cng chng ni g vi nhau.
- Th no theo s?
- Theo s l tnh m. Sch-v, hc-vn l s. Tai, mt, mi, ming, thn,
tm, t t bit r, ri cng hip li su s-vic cho n khi thnh ch
hay-bit, m ch hay bit ny chng phi ch tng theo s hay-bit ring ca
mi mt ni no c.
Vng khen ngi: ''Lnh thay!''
*
053.- Gic-quan v tm phi-hip nhau .
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- Mt ngi khi nhn thy, c cng vi s sng kh sanh ra mt lt
chng?
- Mt thy v s sng kh ng sanh ra, u theo nhau hip li m sanh ra.
- Th no l hip li?
- Khi hai s-vic tip-xc nhau, l hip. Th d nh hai con d chi nhau,
l hip; mt con v nh mt, mt con v nh hnh-sc, hip li gi l phi.
Th-d nh mt bn tay v lm mt, mt bn tay nh hnh-sc, hai bn tay
hip li lm phi. Th-d nh hai hn , mt hn v lm mt, mt hn lm
hinh-sc, hai hn hip li l phi. Tai, mt, mi, thn, tm, u ng hip
nhau lm thnh phi. Th-d nh hai hn , mt hn lm tm, mt hn nh
ch (=-ch, tm-), c hai hn hip li thnh ra phi; tm v ch hip nhau
nh th, nn gi l phi.

Vng khen ngi: ''Lnh thay!''


*
054.- Vui-sng ngha l g?
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- Vui-sng c my loi?
- T mnh gic-tri (= hay-bit), l vui-sng.
Th-d nh c ngi phc-v Vua; k y hin lnh, Vua lin ban thng cho
tin-ca. Ngi y c thng, em tin ra chi-dng vo cc th-vui hammun ca mnh cho khoi-lc; ngi y lin t ngh, ta phng-s Vua, c
Vua ban thng, nay ta vui sng. Vui-sng l nh vy.
Th-d nh c ngi tm nim thin, ming ni li thin, thn lm vic
thin; hnh thin nh th khi cht i c sanh ln ci Tri. Trn ci Tri,
tm- c sung-sng khoi-lc nhiu lm, nn ngi y t ngh rng, ta
lc cn th-gian, tm nim thin, ming ni li thin, thn lm vic thin,
cho nn nay ta sanh ln ti tn ci ny c vui-sng ht sc. gi l
gic, tc l s hiu-bit vy.
Vua khen ngi: ''Lnh thay!''
*
055.- Gic-tri l g?
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- Gic l nh th no?
- Tng theo s hiu-bit, l gic. Th-d nh ngi gi kho vua, i vo
kho, nhn trong kho, lin thy c bao nhiu trm ngn tin vng bc, chu
ngc, vi la t, loi hng sc, u bit cc loi y ch no, l
gic-tri.
Vng khen: ''Lnh thay!''
*

056.- S-nim l g?
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- Con ngi c s-nim ca mnh. C bao nhiu loi s-nim?
- Con ngi c s-nim nhn v c s-tc. Th-d nh c ngi ha thuc
c ri ung, li cho k khc ung na; thn mnh kh, li cn lm kh
n k khc. Li th-d nh ngi lm c, cht i phi sa vo a-ngc, cc
ngi khc c k y dy, lm theo iu c , cng u phi sa vo angc y c. K c c s-nim, c s-tc, l nh vy .
Vng khen: ''Lnh thay!''
*
057.- Th no ni-ng?
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- Th no l ni-ng?
- Y-ch bn trong ni ln, l ng.
- ng vi Hnh, thi ra lm sao?
- Th-d nh chu ng, ni ng, c ngi n t nu ln; cc kh-c
pht ra ting v c d-m; l hnh. Con ngi cng nh vy, -ch khi
ln, nhn m c hnh-ng.
Vng khen: ''Lnh thay!''
*
058.- Cc tm-nim phi-hip nhau ri chng tch ra ring t mn c.
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- Hip, tr, nim, , ng, nhng th hip nhau li, ri sau mun phnbit mi th ra c chng?

- Nu khin hip nhau li ri th chng phn-bit ra mi th c na.


Th-d nh i-Vng khin ngi u-bp nu th canh ngon, canh phi
c nc, c tht, c hnh ti, c gng, c mui bt, c bt. i-Vng lin
ra lnh cho ngi u-bp, trong bt canh nu xong , ly ra trc ht l v
ca nc, k v ca tht, ri n v ca hnh ti, v ca gng, v ca mui,
v ca bt, em ln dng, th ngi y c th nht-nht ly cc v y ra em
dng ln Vua c chng?
- Canh nu chung li ri, u c th tch mi v ring bit ra c.
- Cc s-vic li cng nh th, mt khi hip chung thnh mt ri th
chng ly ring ra c, y l sng kh, y l tr, y l ng, y l nim.
Vng khen ngi: ''Lnh thay! Lnh thay!''
*
059.- V ca mui .
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- Ngi dng mt nhn v ca mui c th ring bit c chng?
- i-Vng c bit c nh th khng? C th no dng mt nhn m bit
c v ca mui hay sao?
- Mt chng th bit c v ca mui.
- Con ngi dng li bit c v ca mui, ch chng th dng mt m
bit v ca mui c.
- Phi chng con ngi dng li bit v?
- Mi ngi u dng li ring bit v v.
- Cc loi mui u phi dng li ring bit v chng?
- D nhin, v ca cc loi mui phi dng li ring bit.
- Chic xe tru ch mui c ring bit v ca mui chng?

- Xe tru chng th c s hiu-bit, u c th bit c v ca mui.


- V ca mui c th em ra cn c chng?
- i-Vng cng d bit iu , (...) v ca mui chng th cn-lng
c; ch c sc nng ca mui mi c th cn-o c.
Vng khen ngi: ''Lnh thay!''
*
060.- Nm gic-quan .
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- Ni thn con ngi dng ng tri (= nm tri-gic) lm thnh mi s-vic,
hay l lm mt s-vic m thnh nm gic-quan?
- Lm thnh mi s-vic, ch chng phi do mt s-vic m thnh. Th-d
nh ni mt tha t trng ng-cc th lc sanh ra, cc loi la mi mi t
sanh ra ty theo loi; ni thn con ngi, nm s-vic u dng tt c cc
s-vic m sanh ra.
Vng khen-ngi: ''Lnh thay! Lnh thay!''
*
061.- Ti sao c s bt-bnh-ng gia loi ngi?
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- Con ngi th-gian, u, ru, tc, da, mt, mt, tai, mi, ming, thn-th,
t-chi, chn tay, u c y- c, ti sao li c ngi sng lu, c ngi
cht yu, c ngi lm bnh, c ngi t bnh, c ngi ngho-kh, c ngi
giu-c, c ngi quyn-q, c ngi h-tin, c ngi l bc i-nhn, c
ngi l k tiu-nhn, c ngi oan-trang p-, c ngi th-kch xux, c ngi c k khc tin-cy, c ngi b k khc nghi-ng, c ngi
hiu-thun, c ngi ngu-si, ti sao li chng ng?
- V nh cy-ci c tri: c chua, c ng, c cay, c ngt (...). Cc cy-ci
, sao li chng ging nhau?

- S d chng ging nhau, do bi trng cc loi cy khc nhau.


- Con ngi cng li nh th. V tm-nim mi ngi mt khc khin cho
con ngi th-gian chng ng nhau vy; c ngi mng sng di, c
ngi mng sng ngn, c ngi nhiu bnh, c ngi t bnh, c ngi
giu-c, c ngi bn-cng, c ngi quyn-qu, c ngi h-tin, c ngi
i-nhn, c ngi tiu-nhn, c ngi oan-chnh, c ngi th-xu, c
ngi li ni dng c, c ngi li ni chng dng c, c ngi thngminh, c ngi ngu-mui. Cho nn c Pht c ni: ''Ty ngi lm iu
thin c m t mnh phi c c iu thin c y, c ngi ho-qu, c
ngi bn-cng, tt c u do mng sng i trc lm iu thin c, mi
ngi u ty theo c-hnh ca mnh m c nh th.''
Vng khen ngi: ''Lnh thay! Lnh thay!''
*

062.- Phi lm iu lnh t trc .


Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- Ngi mun lm iu thin, nn lm trc ngay, hay l sau ny mi
lm?
- Phi lm ngay khi trc, n sau mi lm th chng ch li chi. Trc
c lm iu thin th nay mi c ch cho mnh. Nh i-Vng ang kht
mi sai ngi o t khai ging th c gii ngay cn kht ca i-Vng
chng?
- Chng gii cn kht c; phi o ging sn t trc.
- Con ngi cng li nh vy. Nay phi lm iu thin trc i, n sau
ny mi lm th v-ch lm. Th-d nh i-Vng ang i, mi sai ngi
cy rung, bn phn, trng ng-cc ly la go n, hay l phi nn d-tr
sn trc?
- Chng nn th; cn phi c d-tr trc.

- Con ngi cng li nh vy; phi lm iu thin trc, ch n lc cncp mi lm vic thin, chng v-ch lm sao?
V-d nh c ch-qun n xm-phm t nc, i-Vng cn chin-u
chng li ngay, by gi mi sai ngi lo tp nga, luyn voi, tuyn binh, th
c tc-chin kp thi chng?
- Chng kp, cn c sn binh-lnh tr-b mi kp lm-thi chin-u ngay;
ch n lc lm trn mi lo tp nga, luyn voi, tuyn binh, th v-ch lm.
- Kinh Pht ni: ''Con ngi trc phi lo nim iu thin, thn lm vic
thin; n sau mi lm lnh, chng v-ch lm sao?'' i-Vng chng b
Chnh-o, chng bt chc theo t-o. Ngi ngu b iu thin, lm iu
c, ri sau ny ngi khc-than, c ch vo u. K no dt b iu trungchnh, theo iu bt-chnh, n lc sp cht s hi-hn v sau.
Vng khen ngi: ''Lnh thay! Lnh thay!''
*
063.- ''Lc ring'' phi chng l ''Nghip-lc''?
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- Ch sa-mn cc khanh c ni, la th-gian chng ging nh la angc. Li ni, cm mt hn nh t trong la th-gian mi cho n
chiu ti, cng chng tiu tan; m cm mt hn ln t trong la angc th li tiu-tan c ngay. Do , Ta chng th tin c. Cc khanh
cng li c ni, ngi lm c, khi mt, phi sa vo a-ngc hng ngn vn
nm cn cha cht tiu; do , Ta li cng chng th tin li ni c.
- i-Vng c nghe ni ngoi bin ln c loi thy-tc nh mng-x ci
(= rn ln), giao-long ci (= thung-lung), gip-ng ci (= ba-ba), gii ci
(= cua), khi mang thai trong bng thng dng sa-thch (= ct) m n
chng?
- C nghe ni, chng dng sa-thch m lm thc-phm.
- Sa-thch vo bng ri c tiu chng?
- D nhin, phi tiu-tan.

- Th cn bo-thai trong bng c b tiu theo chng?


- Chng tiu.
- Sao li chng tiu?
- Do nh ''lc'' ring gip vo m cc bo-thai y chng b tiu-tan.
- Ngi ni a-ngc cng li nh th, trong bao nhiu ngn vn nm chng
cht tiu i, v ngi y lm nhiu ti-c cn cha dit tn, cho nn chng
th cht i c. Li v nh s-t ci, cp ci, ch ci, mo ci, u n
xng tht vo bng, cc cht y c tiu-ha chng?
- u tiu-ha ht.
- Cn cc bo-thai trong bng c tiu i khng?
- Chng tiu.
- Sao li chng tiu?
- Do ''lc'' ring gip vo, cho nn chng b tiu.
- Li na, tru ci, nga ci, la ci, chng ci, nai ci, mang thai trong
bng, dng c l m n, phi khng?
- D nhin, chng u n c l sng.
- C l c n vo bng c tiu-ha ht c chng?
- u c tiu-ha ht c.
- Th, cn cc bo-thai trong bng c b tiu i khng?
- Chng b tiu.
- Ti sao?
- Nh ''lc'' ring m chng b tiu mt i.
- Ngi ni a-ngc cng li nh th; v cc ti-c cha c dit-tn, cho
nn chng cht i.

- Cc v phu-nhn, cc b trng-gi v cc b giu-c dng m-v n ung


vo bng c tiu-ha ht chng?
- u tiu-ha ht.
- Cc bo-thai trong bng h c tiu mt i chng?
- Khng, chng tiu.
- Ti sao vy?
- Nh ni ''lc'' ring m cc bo-thai chng tiu i.
- Ngi ni a-ngc cng li nh vy, s d ngn vn nm chng cht tiu
l do i trc lm vic c cn cha c gii ht, v th m chng cht
tiu. Ngi ni a-ngc, ln ln a-ngc, ri gi-nua cho n tn (ht
ti) th mi cht c.
Vng khen: ''Lnh thay!''
*
064.- Bn i (bn nguyn-t) nng vo nhau .
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- Ch sa-mn cc khanh c ni, t trong thin-h u ti trn nc, nc
ti trn gi, gi ti trn khng, Ta chng tin l ng nh th.
Na-Tin lin cm bu nc, dng ba ngn tay nhc ln, ri hi Vua:
- Nc trong bu ny c phi do gi tr gi chng?
- D nhin, do gi tr gi.
- Gi tr gi nc cng li nh vy.
Vng khen: ''Lnh thay!''
*

065.- Nit-bn l vt qua chng tr li.


Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- o Nit-bn l vt qua i m chng cn c ch no tr li na chng?
- o Nit-bn chng cn ch no l c tr li na. Ngi ngu-m c mi lo
cho tm thn trong ngoi, thch c ngi m, cho nn chng th c thot khi gi, bnh, cht. Ngi hin-tr hc o trong ngoi thn u
chng vng-mc. Con ngi chng c n-i; h chng c n-i th chng
ham-mun, chng c bo-thai; h chng c bo-thai th chng sanh, chng
gi; h chng sanh, chng gi th chng bnh, chng cht; h chng bnh th
chng lo-su, chng khc-lc; h chng su-lo, chng khc-lc th ni-tm
chng au-n; khi ni-tm chng au-n tc lin c o Nit-bn.
Vng ngi khen: ''Lnh thay!''
*
066.- Dc o Nit-bn .
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- Cc bc hc o tt c c Nit-bn ht c chng?
- Chng c c Nit-bn ht tt c. Cc bc hc o chn-chnh hng v
iu thin, bit r iu chn-chnh, ch cn phi phng-hnh th phnghnh theo; ch chng nn phng-hnh th xa li; ch ng nim thin th lin
nim; ch chng ng nim th lin dt b; ngi nh th th c Nit-bn.
Vng khen: ''Lnh thay!''
*
067.- Du cha c Nit-bn, cng c th bit Nit-bn l vui-sng .
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- Ngi chng c c Nit-bn, c bit Nit-bn l iu sng-khoi
chng?

- D nhin, ngi tuy cha c c Nit-bn cng bit Nit-bn l sngkhoi.


- Ngi cha c Nit-bn, lm sao m bit c Nit-bn l sng-khoi?
Na-Tin hi li Vng:
- Ngi cha tng b ct chn tay, c bit ct nh th l au-n chng?
- Tuy cha tng b ct, nhng con ngi bit ct tay chn l au-n.
- Sao li bit l au-n?
- Vo lc c ngi b ct th c s than-khc, v th k khc mi bit ct tay
chn l au-n.
- Con ngi li cng nh vy; trc khi c Nit-bn, c nghe ni Nit-bn
l sng-khoi, cho nn mi tin bit nh th.
Vng khen: ''Lnh thay!''
*
068.- Chng tng thy Pht, u c ngha l chng h c c Pht .
Vng li hi Na-tin:
- Na-Tin c tng thy c Pht cha?
- Cha tng thy c Pht.
- Cc v s-ph ca Na-Tin tng thy c Pht chng?
- Cc v s-ph cng cha tng thy c Pht.
- Nh th, cc v s-ph ca Na-Tin v c Na-Tin cha tng thy c
Pht, th nht-nh chng c Pht vy.
- i-Vng tng thy nm trm con sng chy chung vo mt ch
chng?
- Ta cha tng thy.

- c Vua-cha v cc v tin-vng trc kia tng thy c ch y chng?


- Cc v y u chng thy.
- Khi c Vua-cha v cc v tin-vng chng trng thy ch hip-t ca
nm trm con sng, th thin-h nht-nh l chng h c ch hip-t
chng?
- Tuy Ph-vng v cc v tin-vng chng thy ch hip-t ca nm trm
con sng, nhng tht-s vn c ch hip-t y.
- Vy, tuy cc v s-ph ca ti chng thy c Pht, nhng k tht vn c
c Pht.
Vng khen ngi: ''Lnh thay!''
Kinh T-kheo Na-Tin - Ht Quyn Trung
A.- Bn Phng-dch
Quyn H
069.- Chng ai thng ni c Pht.
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- Phi chng chng h c ngi no thng ni c Pht?
- D nhin, chng h c ai thng ni c Pht c.
- Lm sao li bit chng c ai thng ni c Pht?
- Nh ngi cha h ra n bin i-hi c bit c i-hi l bin ln
minh-mng chng? C nm con sng-ci, c nm trm ngn sng nh
v, cng chy ra i-hi; l: th nht, sng Hng; th hai, sng Tn-tha;
th ba, sng T-tha; th t, sng T-xoa; th nm, sng Thi-phi-di nh.
(Nm con sng-ci n- l: Gange, Yamun, ciravati, Sarabh, Mahi.)
Nm con sng ln ngy m chy ra i-hi, m nc bin vn chng h
tng, chng h gim. i-Vng c nghe ni n chng?
- C bit tht nh vy.

- Ngi c-o v o-php cng ni, chng h c ai thng ni c


Pht, cho nn ti tin iu y.
Vng khen: ''Lnh thay!''
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- Ly ci chi m bit rng chng h c ai thng ni c Pht?
Na-Tin hi Vng:
- V thy trc-tc quyn sch ny l ai vy?
- V y tn Cht.
- i-Vng tng quen bit v y chng?
- Cht cht lu, nn chng tng trng thy c.
- i-Vng cha tng thy ng Cht, c sao li bit ng y to nn
quyn sch?
- Nh c cc sch xa c truyn dy li m Ta bit c tn ng l Cht.
- Cng v l m sa-mn chng ti khi thy c Kinh Pht v Gii-lut,
th cng nh thy c c Pht, chng khc. Chnh-o v Kinh, Gii do
c Pht thuyt-ging ra v-cng thm-diu v sng-khoi, c truyn dy
li v sau; v l m ti bit rng, chng h c ai thng ni c Pht c.
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- T mnh thy Kinh Pht truyn dy, c th thc-hnh theo v lu v di
chng?
- Li Pht dy trong Kinh-k v iu rn-cm trong Gii-Lut tht l v
cng sng-khoi, cho nn phi phng-hnh cho n lc tui gi.
Vng khen: ''Lnh thay!''
*

070.- Khi ti-sanh, con ngi th thn mi.


Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- Con ngi cht i, phi chng thn ny chng sanh tr li i sau?
- Con ngi cht i v sau c th thn mi, thn c chng cng theo i
sau. V nh ni cy n, tim n c c tim n mi ni theo m tip-tc
chy sng. Thn ngi cng li nh th, thn c chng i theo, m c th
thn mi.
Na-Tin lin hi Vng:
- i-Vng lc nh c theo thy hc sch, c Kinh chng?
- D nhin l c; Ta vn cn nh iu .
- i-Vng c thy truyn dy ht c Kinh sch, v v thy truyn
dy ri, c cn nh bit li cc Kinh sch c chng?
- Nh ch, v thy vn tip-tc nh bit cc bn Kinh sch c.
- Thn ngi cng nh th , b i thn c lin th thn mi.
Vng khen: ''Lnh thay!''
*
071.- Thn mi mang theo nghip ca thn c.
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- Xt cho k, c tr hay chng c tr?
- Tr chng c. Th-d nh c ngi trm tri da, ngi y c ti chng?
- C ti ch!
- Lc trng, da chng c tri; c g nay ly trm tri da m li c ti?
- Gi nh chng trng da, c g li c tri c; cho nn k trm chng th
no bo-cha c.

- Con ngi cng li nh vy, v i nay lm iu thin-c, nn sanh ra


i sau lin th thn mi.
- Con ngi v thn c ny lm hnh-ng thin-c, li c thn mi, th
thin-c i v u?
- Cc iu thin-c ca mt ngi i theo ngi y nh bng theo thn-hnh;
ngi tuy cht, ch c thn mt, ch cc hnh-ng lm th chng mt. V
nh ban m t n vit th, n tt nhng ch vn cn ; khi n sng
tr li th ch hin ln. i ny, con ngi lm ch thin-c cn , thnh
n i sau th phi th ly nh th.
Vng khen: ''Lnh thay!''
*
072.- Ch lm thin-c trc, nay vo u?
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- Ch lm thin-c nay c th phn-bit ch r ch y hin u chng?
- Chng th phn-bit ch r ch lm iu thin-c vo ch no.
Na-Tin lin hi Vng:
- Cy-ci cn cha tr tri, c th no phn-bit ch r ni nhnh ny c hay
chng c tri; bit trc nh vy c chng?
- Chng th bit trc c.
- Ngi cha c-o chng th bit trc thin-c vo u.
Vng khen: ''Lnh thay!''
*
073.- Ngi phi ti-sanh, t bit iu .
Vng li hi:
- Ngi phi sanh li i sau, t mnh c bit c iu chng?

- Ngi phi sanh li i sau th t bit.


- Dng cch no bit?
- V nh ngi lm rung trng la, thy nng ma thi-tit iu-ho, c th
d bit trc s c ma chng?
- D nhin, ngi y bit trc s c nhiu thc la.
- Con ngi cng th, k phi sanh li i sau cng d bit trc iu .
Vng khen: ''Lnh thay!''
*
074.- C Nit-bn chng?
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- Ngh cho k, c N-Hon (= Nit-bn) chng?
- Xt cho k th c Nit-bn.
- Na-Tin c th ch cho Ta thy c Pht (ni Nit-bn) ti x-s no
chng?
- Chng th ch cho thy c Pht ti x-s no c, c Pht nhp
Bt-Nit-bn (Pali: Parinibbna) ri, th chng th no ch cho thy x-s
c. V nh c ngi t la to ln, ri dp tt, c th no ch r nh la
sng hin vo ch no chng?
- Chng th bit c.
- c Pht nhp Bt-Nit-bn, chng th bit c x-s.
Vng khen: ''Lnh thay!''
*
075.- Sa-mn gi-gn thn, ch chng mn-thng thn.
Vng li hi Na-Tin:

- Sa-mn c mn-thng thn-th ca mnh chng?


- Sa-mn chng t thng mn thn mnh.
- Sa-mn chng mn-thng thn mnh, c sao khi ngh-ngi li mun
nm ni m-, khi n-ung li mun vt ngon ca p, t sn-sc mnh nh
th?
Na-Tin hi li Vng:
- i-Vng c tng ra ngoi trn chin-u chng?
- D nhin, Ta tng ra trn chin-u.
- Ti trn chin-u, i-Vng c tng b ao, kim chm, hay tn bn
trng chng?
- Ta nhiu ln b trng ao kim.
- Khi b ao, kim, tn, mc-cu gy ra thng-tch, i-Vng lm g?
- Ta dng thuc, dng cao, dng bng gn bng-b li.
- i-Vng v mn-thng vt thng m dng thuc, dng cao v bng
bng-b vt thng chng?
- Ta u c mn-thng vt thng.
- Chng mn-thng, sao li dng cao, dng bng bng li?
- Ta ch mong mun vt thng mau lnh, ch u c mn-thng n.
- Sa-mn cng li nh vy, chng mn-thng thn mnh; tuy n-ung, tm
chng vui-khoi, chng mun lm p, chng mun lm tt, chng mun da
tht sc hng-ho, m ch mun cho thn-th kho mnh c th phnghnh gii-lut, Kinh-k ca Pht. Kinh Pht c ging: ''Thn ngi c chn
l hng, ta nh chn vt m ca mu-thng, t ni chn l chy ra
cht d hi-thi.''
Vng khen: ''Lnh thay!''
*

076.- Thn-tng trang-nghim ca c Pht.


Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- c Pht tht c ba mi hai tng trang-nghim, tm mi v p tyhnh, thn mu vng rng ta nh ho-quang chng?
- c Pht tht c ba mi hai tng trang-nghim, tm mi v p tyhnh, thn mu vng rng ta nh ho-quang.
- Cha m ca c Pht cng c cc tng p chng?
- Cha m ca c Pht chng c cc tng p .
- i ngi sng cht hnh-tng u ging theo chng loi ca mnh. Cha
m ca c Pht chng c ba mi hai tng trang-nghim, tm mi v
p ty-hnh, thn mu vng rng ta nh ho-quang, xt k c Pht nhtnh chng c cc tng y.
Na-Tin lin hi Vng:
- i-Vng tng thy hoa sen ch?
- Ta tng thy.
- Hoa sen sanh ni bn, ln ln trong nc bn, m mu sc p-, hung
thm ngo-ngt, cng li ging hnh-tng vi chng-loi mnh ?
- Chng ging vi bn en, nc c.
- Tuy cha m ca c Pht chng c cc tng tt, nhng xt k ra, c
Pht li c cc tng p. c Pht sanh ra th-gian, ln ln th-gian,
m chng ging theo s-i th-gian.
Vng khen: ''Lnh thay!''
*
077.- c Pht u phi l -t cu i-Phm-thin.
Vng li hi Na-Tin:

- c Pht, xt k ra, phm-hnh cng ging nh phm-hnh ca ng iPhm Thin-vng ci Tri th by, tc l chng giao-hi vi ph-n
chng?
- D nhin, li xa ph-n, nn rt tnh-khit, chng ch no u-trc c.
- Nu c Pht lm ging vi phm-hnh ca -t ng i-Phm ThinVng ci Tri th by, th c Pht l -t ca i-Phm Thin-Vng
ch g?
Na-Tin lin hi Vng:
- -t ca ng i-Phm Thin-vng c nim hay chng c nim?
- -t ca ng i-Phm Thin-Vng vn cn c nim.
- Nh th th -t ca ng i-Phm Thin-vng v cc bc Tri khc
cng u l -t ca c Pht c.
Na-Tin li hi Vng:
- Chim ht, ting ht ging loi no?
- Chim ht ting ging nh ting chim nhn.
- Nh th, chim l -t ca nhn chng? Mi loi u khc loi nhau. c
Pht li cng nh th, u phi l -t ca ng i-Phm Thin-Vng.
Vng khen: ''Lnh thay!''
*
078.- c Pht t bit ly Kinh-k v Gii-lut.
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- c Pht c hc bit v phng-hnh tt c Kinh-k v Gii-lut chng?
- c Pht hc bit v phng-hnh ht c Kinh-k v Gii-lut.
- c Pht theo bc thy no m hc bit nh th?

- c Pht chng c thy. Khi c-o, c Pht t mnh hiu bit ht tt c


cc Kinh-k v Gii-lut. c Pht chng phi nh cc v -t c hc ri
mi bit. Nhng iu khuyn-dy ca c Pht cho cc -t l c
phng-hnh cho n tui gi.
Vng khen: ''Lnh thay!''
*
079.- Khc cha m cht v khc khi nghe Kinh Pht.
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- C k khi cha m cht th than-khc, l trn; li c ngi v nghe Kinh
Pht m a l, hai ln chy nc mt c khc nhau chng?
- K v cha m cht m khc l do thng-cm, tm-nim u-su, au-kh;
cc s u-su tc l u-su ca s ngu-si. Cn ngi a l v nghe c
Kinh Pht l do tm-nim t-i, ngh n th-gian kh-nhc, nn mi khc,
nh th c phc rt to-ln.
Vng khen: ''Lnh thay!''
*
080.- Bc c o v k cha c o, khc nhau.
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- Bc c-o v ngi cha c-o khc nhau ra sao?
- K cha c-o cn tm ham-mun; cn bc c-o th ht tham-tm,
ch cn n nui mng sng.
- Ta thy con ngi th-gian u mun khoi thn, ham c mn ngon,
chng h bit .
- Ngi cha c-o n thi mun mn ngon vt tt; cn ngi c thot ri th tuy n nhng chng v khoi-lc hay ngon ngt, m ch hng
v s nui sng thn-mng thi.
Vng khen: ''Lnh thay!''

*
081.- Tr-nh ca con ngi.
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- Con ngi c kh-nng no nh li c cc s-vc xy ra tht luxa chng?
- Ngi ta lc u-su hay nh n cc s-vic xy t lu-xa.
- Dng cch chi m nh li c, dng tr-nh hay l dng s suy-ngh.
- i-Vng tng c ch hc bit ri, v sau nh li chng?
- D nhin l ta c ch hc bit ri, v sau li mau qun i.
- Ngay by gi, i-Vng c qun, hay chng qun iu ?
- Ngay by gi, Ta c nh li, nhng chng (ging) ng.
- C th l chng ng, bi v i-Vng tng-tng (thm) ra.
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- Ngi c iu lm nay nh li nh va mi lm, v iu hin ang lm,
cng nh li. C hai u dng tr-nh nh li chng?
- Cc iu lm qua ri v cc iu hin ang lm, cng u dng tr-nh
m nh li c c.
- Nh th, con ngi ch nh li cc vic qua, m chng dng tr-nh
nh cc vic mi chng?
- Gi thit nh vic mi c ch lm chng th nh-ngh c, th cng li
nh th.
- Ngi mi hc trong sch v v cc k-thut kho-lo khc c b vt qun
i mt chng?
- Ngi (dy) hc iu mi th vit v ra (d) nh, khin cho k -t c
s hiu-bit, do m c tr nh li.

Vng khen: ''Lnh thay!''


*
082.- Mi su cch nh li vic c.
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- Con ngi dng my cch m nh li c vic c?
- Ngi ta dng mi su cch nh li:
Th nht, vic lm xa-xa khin nh li;
Th hai, vic mi hc khin nh li;
Th ba, nu c i-s (= vic ln, quan-trng) th nh li;
Th t, ngh n vic lnh th nh li;
Th nm, tng chu s kh-s th nh li;
Th su, t mnh suy-ngh th nh li;
Th by, tng lm nhiu vic khc nhau th nh li;
Th tm, v c ngi nhc n th nh li;
Th chn, do hnh-tng m nh li;
Th mi, tng c ch qun khin nh li;
Th mi-mt, do nguyn-nhn ca s bit nn nh li;
Th mi-hai, do tnh-ton m nh li;
Th mi-ba, do mc n-nn m nh li;
Th mi-bn, do nht-tm (= ch-) m nh li;
Th mi-lm, do c sch m nh li;
Th mi-su, nh c ghi-chp m nh li.
l mi su vic khin ta nh li c.
Vng li hi Na-tin:
- Th nht, th no l nh li vic xa-xa?
- Cc -t ca c Pht nh Ngi A-nan (Pali: Ananda), u-b-di Cu-ththin-bi (Pali: Khujjuttar) v cc v o-nhn khc, u nh li c cc
i kip trc, v cc s-vic ng-thi.
- Th hai, th no l vic mi hc khin nh li?

- Th d nh cc ngi hc tnh-ton sau qun i, nay thy k khc tnhton th lin nh li.
- Th ba, th no l do cc i-s m nh li?
- Th-d nh Thi-t lc ln ngi lm Vua, ngh rng ngi Vua l tn-qu,
l mt i-s, cho nn nh li.
- Th t, th no l ngh n iu lnh th nh li?
- Th d nh v c k khc i-x (t-t), mi-mc bng li-l cc-k
thin-lnh, ngi y lin ngh n li ni thin-lnh ngy hm y, l v
ngh n iu lnh m nh li.
- Th nm, th no v chu kh-s m nh li?
- Th d nh tng b ngi nh p, giam nht trong khm, ngc, l v
chu kh-s m nh li.
- Th su, th no l t mnh suy-ngh m nh li?
- Th d nh thy c ch ging nhau vi nh ca, h-hng, hoc gia-sc (ca
mnh); l v t suy-ngh m nh li.
- Th by, th no l tng lm nhiu vic khc nhau m nh li?
- Th d nh gi tn ca vn vt, mu-sc, thm thi, ngt ng, ngh n
cc li ni ch n tt c cc s-vt y, l v lm nhiu vic khc nhau
m nh li.
- Th tm, th no l nh c nhc m nh li?
- Nh k c tnh hay qun, nghe ngi khc nhc li, nn nh.
- Th chn, th no l do hnh-tng m nh li?
- Con ngi, tru, nga, mi mi u c hnh-tng ca chng-loi ring,
l do hnh-tng chng-loi m nh li c.
- Th mi, th no l tng c ch qun khin nh li?

- Th d nh mt ngi rt cuc c ch qun, nhiu ln chuyn ngh n


ch y, l v tng c ch qun m nh li c.
-Th mi-mt, th no l v nguyn-nhn ca s bit m nh?
- (Th d nh) hc sch th cu bit mt ch trong sch, l v nguynnhn ca s bit m nh li.
- Th mi-hai, th no l v tnh-ton m nh li?
- Nh ngi cng hc tnh-ton chung m thnh-cng th th no cng bit
r ng-li, cch-thc, l v tnh-ton m nh li.
- Th mi-ba, th no v mc n-nn m nh li?
- Th d nh thy b thc-dc phi hon li ch vay mn, l do nnn m nh li.
- Th mi-bn, th no l v nht-tm (= ch-) m nh li?
- Sa-mn mt lng ch- t ngh n vic i t ngn mun kip trc n
nay, l v nht-tm m nh li.
- Th mi-lm, th no l v c sch m nh li?
- Bc -vng c cc quyn sch c ghi chp cc thi-i tr-v, l v
c sch m nh li.
- Th mi-su, th no v tng ghi chp m nh li?
- Nu ngi no c ghi chp, v sau c li thy nn nh, l v ghi chp
m nh li.
Vng khen: ''Lnh thay!''
*
083.- c Pht bit tt c, sao chng dy ht mt ln?
Vng li hi Na-Tin:

- c Pht bit ht tt c nhng s-vic qua t lc khi-thy cho n c


cc vic trong tng-lai na chng?
- D nhin, c Pht bit ht tt c mi s-vic.
- Gi-thit nh c Pht bit tt c mi s-vic, ti sao Ngi li chng dy
ngay ht cho cc -t, m c dy t t thi?
Na-Tin hi li Vng:
- Trong nc ta c v thy thuc chng?
- C.
- V thy thuc c bit c ht tt c thuc-men trong thin-h khng?
- V y bit c tt c thuc-men.
- Khi tr bnh, v thy thuc cho thuc lun c mt ln, hay l t t m cho
thuc?
- Vi ngi cha b bnh chng th no cho thuc trc, phi ch ng bnh
ri mi cho thuc ch.
- c Pht tuy bit tt c mi vic t qu-kh, hin-ti cho n v-lai, cng
chng th trong mt thi m ch-dy tt c cho thin-h, nn phi t t dy
h th Kinh-gii, khin h mi bit phng-hnh theo vy.
Vng khen: ''Lnh thay!''
*
084.- L lm c, bit nim Pht, cht khi sa a-ngc
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- Sa-mn cc khanh thng ni, con ngi ti th-gian lm vic c trong
trm nm, n khi gn cht m bit nim Pht, th c ti sanh ln trn ci
Tri. Ta chng th tin li ny. Li na, Sa-mn cc khanh cn ni, git mt
mng sanh-vt, n lc cht s sa-a vo a-ngc; Ta cng chng tin c
li y.

Na-Tin lin hi Vng:


- Nh c ngi cm hn ln mt nc, hn ni hay chm xung?
- Chm.
- Nh em trm hn ln t trn chic thuyn, thuyn y c chm khng?
- Chng chm.
- Trm hn ln trong thuyn chng lm thuyn chm. Ngi tuy vn dc, mt thi nim Pht, nh m chng b a a-ngc li c sanh ln
trn ci Tri. Mt hn nh chm su, cng nh con ngi lm c m
chng bit Kinh Pht, cht i phi a vo a-ngc vy.
Vng khen: ''Lnh thay!''
*
085.- Sa-mn hc o v mun thot mi kh v sau.
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- Cc khanh v l-do g m dng cng hc o lm Sa-mn?
- Ti v cc ni kh trong qu-kh, ni kh trong hin-ti, ni kh trong
tong-lai, mun dp b cc ni kh v chng mun phi gnh chu li
chng na, nn mi c tm hc o lm Sa-mn.
- Cc ni kh cng u vo i sau, c sao nay li d-phng trc hc
o lm Sa-mn?
Na-Tin li hi Vng:
- i-Vng c b cc nc ch th-on sp em binh n cng-kch
chng?
- D nhin l c, c ch-quc th-on thng mun em binh n cngkch.
- Khi Cha ch n ni, i-Vng mi lo tc chin, o ho phng-th
hay l nn d-b chin-u t trc?

- Phi d trc qun lnh tr-b sn ch.


- V sao li c sn qun-lnh tr-b ch trc?
- phng-nga ch qun n bt thnh-lnh.
- ch cn cha n, sao li d-b lm chi?
Na-Tin li hi Vng:
- i mi bt u trng lu, kht mi lo o ging, cn kp hay chng?
- Phi nn lm sn trc.
- Cn cha i kht, c sao li phi d tnh x-tr trc?
Vng khen: ''Lnh thay!''
*
086.- Bc La-hn bay ln Tri nhanh nh dui cnh tay
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- T y ln n tng Tri th by ca i-Phm-thin, cch xa bao nhiu?
- Tht ht sc l xa. Nu c mt hn ln bng cung-in ny ri t ci
i-Phm-thin xung, phi mt n su thng mi ti mt t ny.
- Sa-mn cc khanh bo, bc c A-la-hn-o c th bay ln ci Tri iPhm trong thi-gian mt ngi co-dui cnh tay thi, Ta chng th tin li
y c, ti sao vt qua bao nhiu ngn mun c dm nh th m n
c nhanh chng vy?
Na-Tin li hi Vng:
- i-Vng sanh ti nc no?
- Ta sanh ti nc i-Tn (Panjab), trong thnh A-l-tn (Alexandrie).
- T y n A-l-tn, cch xa my dm?

- Phi i hai ngn do-tun (yojana = 16 dm) v tm vn dm (dm = 576m).


- i-Vng tng c lc no ngh n nc mnh v cng-vic trong nc
y khng?
- D nhin l c, Ta thng ngh n bn-quc v cng-vic
trong nc.
- Gi y, xin i-Vng hy ngh n bn-quc xem c cng-vic chi ang
lm y.
- Ta ngh n xong.
- i-Vng i qua tm vn dm ri tr v y, sao m nhanh th!
Vng khen: ''Lnh thay!''
*
087.- Cht cng lc th n ni ti-sanh cng mt lc.
*
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- Nu nh c hai ngi cng cht vo mt lc, mt ngi ti-sanh ln ci
Tri i-Phm, cn mt ngi sanh li ti K-Tn, cch y by trm hai
mi dm, ai l ngi n trc?
- C hai n ni cng mt lc.
- Cng i xa, gn, khc nhau rt nhiu, c sao li n cng mt lc c?
- i-Vng th ngh n thnh A-l-tn.
- Ta ngh xong.
- Gi, xin i-Vng li ngh n nc K-tn.
- Ta ngh xong.

- Khi ngh n hai ni , ni no c ngh n nhanh hn?


- C hai u bng nhau.
- Hai ngi cng cht mt lc, k ti-sanh ci i-Phm-thin, v ngi
sanh li ti K-tn, cng u n ni cng mt lc.
Na-Tin li hi Vng:
- Nh c mt i chim bay n, mt con u trn cy i-th, cn mt con
p xung mt cy nh, bng con chim no ri xung t trc?
- Bng hai con chim u ri trn t cng mt lc.
- Hai ngi cht cng lc, mt ngi ti-sanh ln ci Tri i-Phm, mt k
sanh li ti K-tn, c hai cng u n cng mt lc.
Vng khen: ''Lnh thay!''
*
088.- Dng by vic hc bit o.
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- Con ngi dng bao nhiu vic hc bit o?
- Dng by vic hc bit o.
- By vic l nhng g?
- Th nht, phn bit iu lnh vic c. Th hai, tinh-tn. Th ba, vui o.
Th t, ch-phc tm- theo iu lnh. Th nm, nim o. Th su, nhttm. Th by, gp mi cnh-ng chng yu ght.
- Con ngi phi dng c by vic hc bit o chng?
- Bt tt phi dng c by vic hc bit o. K tr-gi ly tr phn-bit
iu thin vi iu c, ch ring dng mt vic ny bit o.
- Nu ch dng mt vic m bit c o, th ti sao li ni chi n c by
vic?

Na-Tin hi li Vng:
- Nh ngi cm con dao cn ng trong hp, c th no ct cht t vt chi
chng?
- Chng th ct t c.
- Lng ngi tuy sng-sut hiu r, nhng cng nn hi su vic kia li
th mi thnh tr vy.
Vng khen: ''Lnh thay!''
*
089.- L lm iu c, bit hi-ci, ti gim i dn.
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- Ngi lm iu thin c phc ln, ri lm iu c cng b tai-ng ln
chng?
- Ngi lm iu thin c phc ln, ri lm iu c th b tai-ng nh.
Ngi y lm iu c, ngy ngy t hi li, do vic li-lm cng nh dn
i. Ngi y lm iu thin, ngy ngy nh ngh trong lng vui-v, cho nn
c phc ln. Tch xa, khi c Pht i chu-du, c ngi kia ct c tay
chn em dng mt a hoa sen cng dng Pht. c Pht bo ch tkheo, ngi ct c tay chn ny, trong chn mi mt kip, chng h b sa
vo a-ngc hoc a vo hng sc-sanh, ri c sanh ln ci Tri, sau
tr li ci ngi. V l , ti bit k tuy lm iu thin nh m c c
phc ln. Lm c, ngi y bit ngy ngy t hi-ci, khin ti nh dn v
tiu-dit i; do ti bit ngi y c lm iu g lm-li cng gp phi taing nh.
Vng khen: ''Lnh thay!''
*
090.- Ngi tr, k ngu cng lm c ai nng ti hn?
Vng li hi Na-Tin:

- Ngi tr-gi lm iu c, k ngu cng lm iu c, c hai ngi y phi


trch-nhim tai-ng, th ai chu nng hn?
- K ngu lm c b tai-ng ln, cn ngi tr lm c chu tai-ng nh.
Vng lin ni:
- Li Khanh ni th chng ng! Ti nc ta, i-thn c li lm c th mc
ti nng, cn k ngu-dn phm li c b trng pht nh hn; do ngi tr
lm c mc tai-ng ln, cn k ngu-kh lm c li b tai-ng nh.
Na-Tin lin hi Vng:
- Th d nh c thanh st t nng trn mt t, mt ngi bit l thanhst b t, cn ngi kia th chng bit, nu c hai ngi u cm thanh st
y ln, ai l ngi b phng chy tay nhiu hn?
- K chng bit l thanh st th b phng tay nhiu hn.
- K ngu lm c chng bit t hi-ci iu li, nn mc phi tai-ng ln.
Cn bc tr-gi l lm iu c bit l chng phi, nn ngy ngy hi li,
do m mc tai-ng nh.
Vng khen: ''Lnh thay!''
*
091.- Sc thn-tc.
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- Con ngi c kh-nng dng thn-th ny bay ln n tng Tri th by
ci i-Phm-thin v n x Ut-thin-vit (Uttara kuru, Bc-cu-l-chu)
ri tr v li y chng?
- C th c.
- Lm sao m dng thn-th ny bay ln trn ci Tri i-Phm-thin v
n x Ut-thin-vit ri tr v y c?
Na-tin hi Vng:

- i-Vng lc cn nh c khi no nhy chi khi mt t c mt


trng chng?
- Ngy ta cn nh khi c mun nhy cao, lin nhy cao c hn mt
trng.
- Bc c-o mun nhy n tng Tri th by ci i-Phm-thin, ri
n x Ut-thin-vit, cng c nh vy.
Vng khen: ''Lnh thay!''
*
092.- C th ngng hi th ra vo chng?
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- Sa-mn cc Khanh thng ni, c b xng di n bn ngn dm, lm
sao m c c b xng di nh th?
- i-Vng c nghe ni ngoi bin ln c con c khng-l tn l Cht,
thn n di n hai vn tm ngn dm chng?
- C, ta c nghe ni n.
- Nh th, thn n di hai vn tm ngn dm th xng sn n phi di hn
bn ngn dm ch!
Vng ly lm qui-d, ri li hi Na-Tin:
- Sa-mn cc Khanh thng thuyt ging rng h c th chm dt c vic
hi th ra vo. Bit lm sao m chm dt c hi th ra vo?
Na-Tin lin hi Vng:
- i-Vng tng nghe ni n -ch chng?
- C nghe ni n.
- i-Vng hy khi -ch ln trong thn-tm i.
- Ta khi -ch ln ri.

- i-Vng hy xem ngi ngu-kh chng th ch-phc thn


ming mnh, chng th tr-gi Kinh-gii, nh th bn h chng th no thy
vui-sng vi thn mnh. Cn vi bc hc o c kh-nng ch-phc thn
ming, tr-gi Kinh-gii, do s nht-tm m c c T-Thin, do lin
ngng c hi th ra vo.
Vng khen: "Lnh thay!''
*
093.- Bin v nc bin.
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- V sao gi bin l bin? Phi chng v nhng vic khc nn mi gi l
bin?
- S d ngi ta gi l bin, v trong nc bin c na phn nc, na phn
mui.
- Ti sao nc bin li mn?
- S d nc bin mn l v nc ngt chy n t xa v cc loi c, ba-ba,
cn trng loi hp vi nc trong m thnh ra mn.
Vng khen: ''Lnh thay!''
*
094.- T-duy n cc s-vic cao-thm.
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- Bc c o c kh-nng suy-ngh n tt c cc s-vic cao-xa thmdiu chng?
- D nhin, cc bc c o u c kh-nng t-duy mi vic thm-o
c. Kinh Pht tht ht sc l thm-o v mi s-vic, chng th no olng ni, tt c mi s-vic y u phi do tr-hu on-nh ra.
Vng khen: ''Lnh thay!''

*
095.-Tinh-thn, Tr-hu v T-nhin.
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- Tinh-thn con ngi, tr-hu v t-nhin, c ba iu y ng nh nhau hay
l khc vi nhau?
- Tinh-thn ch v s hiu-bit, tr-hu thng-hiu c o, cn t-nhin
l h-khng chng c ngi.
*
096.- Phn-tch k thn-tm ra, l v-ng chng?
Vng li hi Na-Tin:
- c lm ngi, ci chi lm cho ta c c lm ngi? Mt th thy sc,
tai th nghe ting, mi th ngi mi, ming th nm v, thn th bit ch th,
ch nhuyn, tr th bit phn-bit iu lnh, iu c, th th ci chi lm cho ta
c c lm ngi?
Na-Tin lin hi li Vng:
- Th d nh c ngi khin cho mt nhng ln ra khi ng-t th c thy
c rng xa hn chng, khin cho vnh tai to ln th c nghe c ting
tht xa chng, khin cho mi hnh ln ln th c ngi c mi nhiu thm
chng, khin cho ming m hoc ra th c nm c nhiu v chng, khin
cho da tht cng phng rng ra th c bit thm th nhuyn chng, khin cho
tr vt ni ln th c suy-nim c nhiu thm chng?
- Chng c.
Na-Tin lin ni:
- c Pht, ti ch lm, Ngi lm cvic tht kh; ni ch bit, Ngi
bit rt thm-diu.
- Ch lm vic tht kh, ch bit rt thm-diu, -ngha nh th no?

- c Pht ni, Ngi c th bit c cc b-phn trong bng ngi, giithch c nhng g mt thy, tai nghe, mi ngi, ming nm, thn s chm,
ct ngha cc iu thnh-bi, cc vic nghi-ng, ging r cc t-tng, nim, cc vn- tm-linh.
Na-Tin li ni:
- Nh c ngi ngm mt ngm nc bin mn, c th no phn-bit ra
c phn nc no l nc t sui chy n, (...) phn no t sng chy
n chng?
- Nc ha chung li thnh mt, lm sao bit ring c.
- Ch Pht lm mt vic tht kh, l phn-bit bit r hng-v ca mi
th nc, nh nc bin m nay i-Vng cn cha th phn-bit c,
nh thn-tr con ngi vn cha thy c trong thn c su s-vic chng
th thy. Bi th cho nn, c Pht gii-thch, tng theo tm-nim m
n vi mt mi thy vt, tng theo tm-nim m n vi tai mi nghe
ting, tng theo tm-nim m n vi mi mi ngi mi, tng theo tmnim n vi ming mi nm v, tng theo tm-nim n vi thn mi bit
sng kh, nng lnh, th cng, tng theo tm-nim n vi mi bit ch
qui-hng. Pht tt bit ht c, phn-bit gii-thch r-rng ht c.
Vng khen: ''Lnh thay!''
*
097.- Lun-bn Gio-Php, Vng v Na-Tin u vui .
Na-Tin ni:
- qu na m ri, ti xin ra v.
Tc th, Vng lin ra lnh cho cc quan hu-cn mang bn sc vi dy c
tm du m dng lm uc, a Na-Tin v, dn phi phc-v Na-Tin
nh ang phc-v cho Ta. Cc v hu-cn ng tu: ''Xin tun lnh dy.''
Vng ni:
- c v thy dy nh Na-Tin, v c -t nh Ta, chc l mau c o
lm.

Tt c cc cu hi Vng nu ln Na-tin u nht-nht p y- ht.


Vng ht sc hoan-h. Vng lin cho xut kho mi vn b y tht p
cng-dng Na-Tin. Vng ni:
- K t nay, xin nguyn Na-Tin hng ngy cng tm trm v Sa-mn n
cung-in ny dng cm, v nu c cn dng chi, Ta s xin cung-phng
ngay.
Na-Tin tha:
- Ti lm o-nhn nn chng c iu chi ham-mun.
- Na-Tin nn nhn t gip cho mnh v cng nn gip cho Ta lun.
- Th no l gip t-thn v gip lun cho i-Vng?
- S e ngi ngoi bn-tn bo rng Ta keo-kit, Na-Tin v Vua gii ht
cc ch h-nghi m Vua li chng ban-thng g c; hoc s e c k khc
bo, Na-Tin chng gii ni c cc ch Vua cn h-nghi, nn chng
c Vua ban-thng g c. Na-tin m nhn, l gip Ta c phc, m
cng gip cho Na-Tin gi c trn danh-ting... Cng nh con s-t b
giam nht trong ci chung bng vng ang mun thot ra, tuy l Qucvng ti trong cung, nay Ta tnh ng, lng chng c vui, mun b nc
m i hnh o.
Vng dt li, Na-Tin lin ng ln i v cha.
Na-Tin i ri, Vng thm ngh, Ta hi Na-Tin bao nhiu vic, Na-Tin
v Ta gii r by nhiu vic. Cc ch Ta hi, Na-Tin chng h chng gii r
ca Ta.
Na-Tin tr v cha cng t ngh, Vng hi ta bit bao nhiu s, Ta u
p ht by nhiu s. Ch Vng hi, Ta u gii-thch r. Na-Tin lng
hoan-h ngh nh th cho n khi tri sng r.
Sng hm sau, Na-Tin khoc o c-sa, cm bnh bt i thng vo cung.
Trn in ngc, c Vua lin ng dy thi l v mi Na-Tin ngi. Vng
bch vi Na-Tin:
- Khi Na-Tin ra v ri, Ta t ngh, hi Na-Tin bit bao li, Na-Tin u
gii-p tt c. Ta t nh li cc ch hi Na-Tin, chng c cu no Na-

Tin chng gii r ca Ta. Ta nh n cc li , nn lng rt l hoan-h


m nm an ngh cho n sng.
Na-Tin tha:
- Ti quay v cha cng t ngh, i-Vng hi ti bit bao nhiu svic, ti cng v i-Vng ging-gii by nhiu s-vic. Ti li ngh,
cc ch i-Vng hi ti, ti u phn-tch r ht. V th m lng ti
hoan-h sut m cho n sng.
Ni xong, Na-Tin mun ra i. Vng lin ng dy lm l tin Na-Tin.
(Kinh T-kheo Na-Tin, Quyn H)
NA-TIN T-KHEO KINH
B.- Phn Tm hiu Ngha Ch
(Cc ch kh, gp trong bn Phng-dch, c sp theo th-t A,B,C d
tra-cu. Cc s in m nh: 003, ch s ca cc Tiu-mc)
A
A-la-hn (003; 005; 022; 086): o-qu th t, cao nht, ca hng Thanhvn, tn-dit cc phin-no v chng-c v-sanh (c qu Nit-bn,
chng cn ti-sanh na) (Pali: Arahant; Sanscrit: Arhat).
A-na-hm (008; 022): qu-v th ba trong hng Thanh-vn, cn gi l qu
Bt-Lai, ngha l chng ti-sanh tr li ci ngi na, m sanh ln Tri,
tip-tc tu s chng-c qu Nit-bn. (Pali: Anagmi; Sanscrit:Anagamin).
c-o (040): (c = xu, d; o = con ng): c-o l ba no xu-d
trong ng ti-sanh. l: (1) a-ngc; (2) ng-qu (= qu i); (3) scsanh (= th-vt).
c-tm (032): (c = xu, d; tm = lng): lng xu-d; tri ngha vi
Thin-tm, lng lnh.
An-nh (021): (An = yn; nh= dng mt ch): Tm an-nh l tm-trng
yn-n, tm chng ngh lng-bng, -tng dng hn.

An-tnh (002): (An = yn; tnh = sch): yn-tnh v sch-s.


An-ta (010): (An = yn; to = ngi): (xin mi) ngi yn.
o-no (002): bun ru, khc than.
o trng (010): Ngi o trng ni y l ni n cc ngi cn ti nh,
tu theo php Pht. H cn cha c mc o vng, dnh ring cho bc xutgia.
*

n-i (019; 038; 041; 044; 047-b; 049-a; 065): (n = n; i = thng-yu):


nim thng gia v-chng, s quyn-luyn gia trai-gi.
n-tu (007): (n = ch vng-v, t ngi bit n; tu = tu-hnh): n ni
rng ni xa vng tu-hnh mt mnh.
*
B
Ba ng c (007): Ba ng xu-c trong ci Lun-hi; Hn-Vit gi l
Tam c-o. l: (1) a-ngc, (2) ng-qu, (3) sc-sanh.
Ba-mi-by Phm Tr o (023): (Phm = Chng, mc; Tr = ph-gip
vo; o = ng-li tu-hnh theo Chnh-Php): 37 chng-mc trong
Kinh, ph-gip vo vic thng-hiu v thc-hnh vic tu-hnh theo ChnhPhp ca c Pht. l:
1.- T nim-x: 4
2.- T Chnh-cn: 4
3.- T Nh--tc: 4
4.- Ng cn: 5
5.- Ng lc: 5
6.- Tht gic-chi: 7
7.- Bt-Chnh-o: 8
Cng: 37

B-la-mn (004): o B-la-mn l tn-gio chnh-thc ca c-n-, tnth c i-Phm Thin-vng (Brahma), theo gio-l trong Kinh V-
(Veda). Ch B-la-mn (Pali: Brahmana) cn c ngha l giai-cp tu-s, caoqu nht trong x-hi c ca n-.
Bch (016): ting tn-xng ch s tha trnh ln bc trn.
Bng-hong (011): Chng yn-tm, lo-lng chng bit v sao lo
Bo-thai (049-c; 063; 065): (Bo = rut; thai = thn-th ngi khi mi tng
hnh trong bng m): thn cn trong bng m.
Bc-cu-l chu (091): Theo khoa a-l ca Pht-hc, th-gian c ngn ni
Tu-di cao gia, chung quanh c bn chu: (1) ng-thng-thn chu, (2)
Nam-thim-b chu, (3) Ty-ngu-ha chu, (4) Bc-cu-l chu. Chng ta
sng Nam-thim-b chu, cn gi l Dim-ph- (tn nc n- xa,
v c nhiu cy dim-ph)
Bng-h (009): ting tn-xng ch s cht ca Vua.
Bn-cng (061): (Bn = ngho; cng = tng-cng): ngho thiu, khn-cng.
Bt an (012): (Bt = chng; an = yn): tm chng yn, lo-lng.
Bt-bnh-ng (061): (Bt = chng; Bnh= bng nhau; ng= hng): chng
ngang hng nhau, c k hn, ngi km; thiu s cng-bng trong cc hng.
Bt-chnh (014; 062): (Bt= chng; Chnh= chn-chnh; ng-n): Li ni
bt-chnh l li ni chng ngay-thng, cong-queo, chng ng l phi. Tri
ngha vi Chn-chnh.
Bt-dit (040): (Bt= chng; Dit = tiu mt): chng h cht i mt. Bt-sanh
bt dit c ngha l chng h c sanh ra; v v chng c s sanh, cho nn
chng th c s cht. Cng ngha vi Vnh-cu.
Bin-ti (007): (Bin = tranh-bin, lun-gii; Ti = kh-nng hn ngi): c
ti tranh-bin, lun-gii v o-l.
Bnh bt (007; 097): dng-c bng snh dng ng thc n, to nh cc ni
t nh, cc T-kheo mang theo kht-thc mi bui sng.

B-th (007; 046): (B = rng-ri, cng khp; Th = hin-tng, cho): mt


php lnh em chia x nhng g mnh c n nhng ai ang cn-dng. Hnh
b-th rt cao-q, gip ngi khc thiu-thn, ng-thi gip mnh b
c tt rt-rng, keo-kit. (Pali: Dana; Hn-Vit phin-m: n-na).
Bn chng -t ca Pht (011): y l bn hng -t ca c Pht: (1) Tkheo, (2) T-kheo-ni, (3) u-b-tc, (4) u-b-di. Hai hng trc xutgia; cn hai hng sau, tu ti nh.
Bn i (064): Ch Hn-Vit l T-i, tc l bn nguyn-t: (1) t, (2)
nc, (3) gi, (4) la; gi l i, l ln, v chng c mt khp mi ni.
*
C
C-sa (004; 018; 097): o mc ngoi ca tu-s Pht-gio, mu nu hay mu
vng. (Pali: Ksva; Sanscrit: Kasaya).
Cm-th (042-a): (Cm = nhn, nhim khi chm n; Th = chu, lnh). Ch
cm-th trong Pht-hc ng ngha vi ch cm-gic trong Tm-l-hc. C
ba loi cm-th: (1) cm th vui, gi l lc-th; (2) cm-th bun, gi l
kh-th (3) cm th chng vui, chng bun, gi l x-th.
Cao (075): thuc cao, c sn-st nh m, dng thoa xc.
Cao-ngo (010): (Cao = t-cao, xem ch mnh l hn; Ngo = kiu-cng,
phch li): thi- t-cao, khinh ngi, phch-li.
Cn (027; 049-b): gc; cn-bn. Trong Pht-hc, ch cn c ngha l ngungc, cn-bn, ni lm pht-sanh ra s hiu-bit, tng-ng vi ch gicquan, theo ngha thng-thng. Theo ngha ny, su cn l mt, tai, mi,
li, thn v . Trong on vn trang 20, ch nm cn li ch n Ng cn
c ni trong 37 Phm Tr o, tc l (1) tn-cn, (2) tn-cn, (3) nimcn, (4) nh-cn, (5) hu-cn. Bn dch trong Hn-vn li phi-hip c hai
ngha trn gii-thch -ngha ca ch Nm cn, theo cch ring.
Cn-cp (062): (Cn = khn-thit; cp = gp): ht-sc khn-thit, cn rt
gp.

Cn-s-nam (001): ngi thin-nam (n-ng hin-lnh) n cha hc o


v tu ti nh, gi ng-gii (nm iu rn-cm: (1) chng git-hi, (2) chng
trm-cp, (3) chng t-dm, (4) chng ni di, (5) chng ung ru). Pali:
Upasaka, Hn-Vit: u-b-tc.
Cn-s-n (001): ngi tn-n (n-b c lng tin ni Pht-php) n cha
lm cng-qu, hc o v tu ti nh, gi nm iu rn-cm. Pali: Upasika,
Hn-Vit: u-b-di. (Xem ch Cn-s-nam).
Chnh-Php (009): (Chnh = chn-chnh; Php = gio-php). Ch ChnhPhp dng ch n gio-php chn-chnh ca c Pht. Tri ngha vi
T-php.
Chnh-tm (014): (Chnh = chn-chnh, ng-n; Tm = lng):
Chnh-tm l lng ngay-thng, trong-sch. Cng ngha vi Tm thanh-tnh.
Chnh-trc (014): (Chnh = chn-chnh, ng-n; Trc = ngay thng): Li
ni chnh-trc l li ni ngay-thng, ng-n, ng theo l phi. Tri vi
li ni bt-chnh.
Ch-phc (088; 092): (Ch = km ch, -nn; phc = tun-phc, tun theo):
bt buc phi tun theo, km-ch theo con ng chn-chnh.
Cht yu (061) cht non; cht i lc cn qu tr.
Chu-du (089): (Chu= vng vng, i vng quanh, khp ni; Du = i): i khp
ni; y, ch chu-du c ngha l c Pht i khp ni ging o.
Ch Thin (001) (Ch = cc, nhng; Thin = Tri) = cc bc Tri.
Chng (063): mt loi th rng ging nh con nai nh.
Cung-phng (097): (Cung = cung-cp, hin-tng; Phng = tun theo) = theo
mun ca ngi nhn m hin-tng cho cc s-vt.
Cng-dng (007; 089): nguyn l ch cung-dng, c tri ra l Cngdng, tc l dng-hin thc-phm, qun-o, thuc-men, phng ging, cho
cc bc tu-hnh.
Cu-ha (039): (Cu = cu gip; cu cha; Ha = la): cha la.

*
D
D (042-c): lng d, bng d.
Danh-Thn (043; 045; 046): (Danh = tn gi; Thn = thn-th): Hai ch
Danh-Thn y dng ch vo thn-tm con ngi. Gio-l Nam-Tng
th gi l Danh-Sc: Nma-Rpa; Danh l phn tm-linh, tc l tm; cn Sc
l cc thnh-phn vt-cht, tc l thn; hi c hai li gi chung l Thn-Tm,
hay Danh-Sc.
Danh-t (013): (Danh = tn; T = ch): tn, danh-xng.
Di-Lan (004; 009): tn ca v Vua ng ra tha hi gio-l vi T-kheo NaTin. Theo truyn-thuyt, B-tt Long-Th (Nagarjuna), tc-gi quyn Kinh
T-kheo Na-Tin ny, mun dng tn Di-Lan m-ch c Vua ng thi
l Mnandre; cn tn ca T-kheo Na-Tin (Nagasena) t m-ch mnh.
Tn vua Di-Lan, ting Pali l Milinda, c bn dch l Di-lan-.
Do-tun (086): phin-m ch Phn Yojana, n-v o chiu di, n-
xa, bng 16 dm; mi dm di 576m.
Du-ngon (010): (Du = i do chi; ngon = ngm cnh): i do chi ngm
cnh.
D-m (057): (D = tha ra, cn st; m = ting): ting vang cn ko di
mc du m-thanh khi ln dt.
Dng- (024): Dch-gi Hn-vn dng ch -ch (= dng-) dch T
nim-x trong 37 Phm Tr o. Xin xem thm ch T nim-x.
*

i-hi (069): (i = ln; Hi = bin): bin ln; i-dng.


i-Phm-Thin (008; 011; 086; 087; 091,): ci Tri cao nht ca c-gii,
tng th by. (Sanscrit: Mah Brahma).
i-Tn (009): tn x Panjab ca n- xa.

i-thn (001; 009; 090): (i = ln; thn = quan): v quan ln.


o-gi (001) (o= tn-gio; gi = ngi): ngi theo o (bt c o
no). Cng ngha vi ch o-nhn (097) o-gia.
o-hnh (Tm loi) (030): (o = o tu-hnh, o Pht; Hnh = chnh, gii-hnh tu-hnh): Khi ni n Tm loi o-hnh, bn dch Hn-vn
c ni n Bt-Chnh-o trong Pht-hc. y l con ng Trung-o
c ging trong T-iu-, ch vo o-, ng-li tu-hnh dit
ngun-gc ca s Kh m chng-c Nit-bn. Bt-Chnh-o gm c tm
ngnh: (1) chnh-kin; (2) chnh t-duy; (3) chnh-ng; (4) chnh-mng; (5)
chnh-nghip; (6) chnh-tinh-tn; (7) chnh-nim; (8) chnh-nh. So vi
bn dch Hn-vn, ch khc c ch Chnh c thay-th bng ch Trc; c
hai ch ny cng ng mt ngha l: ngay-thng, chn-chnh.
ao-li (008): ci Tri th nh trong su ci Tri Dc-gii. Pali: Tavatimsa.
o-qu (003; 006): (o = con ng, ng-li tu-tp; Pali: Magga; Qu
= qu-v, ngi-v, kt-qu ca s tu-tp thnh-cng; Pali: Phala): c oqu l c c ng-li tu-tp v tu-hnh t c kt-qu tt-p.
-Thch (008): v vua ci Tri ao-Li. thuc ci c-gii. (Pali: Inda )
-t (007; 077; 097): ( = em; T = con): ngi hc-tr theo hc o.
a-ngc (004; 007; 084; 089): (i = t; ngc = nh t): ni giam-cm cc
vong-linh lc cn sng phm cc ti-c nng. Cc hnh-pht ni a-ngc
tht v cng thm khc, phi chu nhiu i kip ch n khi ht ti mi
c ti-sanh li.
a (084; 089): ri xung di; thng vit: sa-a = lt xung di
on- (025): (on = ct t, dng hn li, tiu mt i; = -ngh, ttng): php dng li v chn ng c cc vng-tng khi ln.
-thot (006): ( = a qua sng; Thot = vt qua khi): c gic-ng
v gii-thot; tc l dit xong cc phin-no v chng-c c v-sanh
(chng cn phi ti-sanh trong Lun-hi).
ng-hnh (016): (ng = cng; Hnh = i): cng i vi.

ng-tm (005): (ng = chuyn-ng, khi ln; tm = lng): trong tm


khi ln mt -ngh, hay mt tnh-cm. Tri ngha vi Tnh-tm.
*
G
Gi-thit (083): ni gi-t, ni th-d nh...
Gic-quan (053; 060): (Gic= bit; Quan= c-quan, b-phn):
B-phn trong thn ngi c nhim-v hay bit c s-vt bn ngoi, hay
bn trong. Pht-hc phn-bit su gic-quan, cn gi l su cn nh mt
(thy), tai (nghe), mi (ngi), li (nm), thn (xc-chm), tm- (hay bit
-ngh bn trong). Cng ngha vi Cn.
Gic-tri (054; 054): (Gic= bit; Tri = bit): hay-bit.
Gic- (By) (029): (Gic= bit r; = -tng): by ngnh ca s gic-ng;
trong 37 Phm Tr o gi l Tht gic-chi: (1) trch php, la chn phptu; (2)tinh-tn, n-lc tu-hnh; (3) H, mng; (4) khinh-an, tm nh-nhng;
(5) nim, lng thng nh-ngh n php-tu; (6) nh, tm- dng tr li;(7)
x, ni mi cnh-ng chng h thng, chng h ght, c c tm bnhng.
Trong bn dch Hn-vn, By gic- l: (1) -gic-, ngha l hiu r ngha ca php-tu; (2) phn-bit gic-, ngha l bit phn-bit rnh-r gia
cc php-tu; (3) tinh-tn gic-, ngha l n-lc tu-hnh thm hn; (4) khgic-, ngha l tm c sng-khoi, kh-quan; (5) -gic-, ngha l tm
c an-vui; (6) nh-gic-, ngha l tm c nh-lc, b c s bungth; (7) h-gic-, ngha l gi-gn, bo-v, dp mi khuyt-im.
Gio-Php (097): (Gio= dy; Php= cc php tu-hnh): Li dy v tu-hnh.
Gio-Php ca c Pht c gi l Chnh-Php.
Gii (005; 040; 069; 075; 078; 083; 092): Cc iu rn-cm do c Pht t
ra, k tu-hnh cn tun theo, trnh cc ti-c. C Ng-gii dnh cho c-s
tu ti nh; Thp-Gii dnh cho Sa-di, C-tc-gii (250 iu cho T-kheo v
348 iu cho T-kheo-ni), B-tt-gii c 10 iu trng-cm v 48 iu
khinh-cm. (Phn: Sila).

Gc (048; 049): (Gc = ngun-gc, cn-bn; dch t ch Hn-Vit l bn;


Hu bn-gi = ngi c gc; Nhn sanh-t bn = ci gc sanh-t ca con
ngi.
*
H
H-tin (061): (H = di thp; tin = hn-h;): thp hn.
Hi-bin (009): (Hi = bin; Bin = cnh, bi): Ti hi-bin c ngha l
dc theo ven bin.
Ho-qu (061): (Ho = c th-lc; qu = sang): bc sang-giu, c th-lc
trong x-hi.
Hnh-o (008): (Hnh = lm, i ): Hnh o l ra i ging-dy ng li
tu-hnh trong dn-chng.
H-thn (010): (H = di; thn= quan){ ting khim-nhng t-xng ca
mt v quan, i vi Vua; t xem mnh l v quan nh.
Ho-quang (076): vng nh-sng rc-r ta ra t thn-hnh.
Hu-cn (010; 097): (Hu= hu-h; cn = gn); cc ngi i gn theo bn
cnh hu-h.
Hu-cung (018): (Hu = phi sau; Cung = cung-in): cung sau, thng
dnh cho cc phi-tn, ph-n trong n Vua.
Hip-t (013): (Hip= hp li; gom li; T= t-hi li): gom chung li cc
phn nh, khc nhau, thnh chung li mt n-v ln.
Hiu-thun (020; 031; 061): (Hiu = bit n cha-m v n- phi o lm
con; Thun = chng tri nghch vi; theo ng): Ch Hiu-thun theo ngha
thng-thng l lm con n phi o vi cha-m, bit n, thng-mn v
phng-dng cha-m. Ni on vn ny, dch-gi ting Hn c l dng ch
hiu-thun dch ch gii-hnh trong Chnh-vn chng?
Hnh-sc (049-b): (Hnh = hnh dng; sc = mu sc): Hnh-dng v mu sc
ca cc vt m mt nhn thy.

Hoan-h (007; 008; 011; 097): vui mng.


Hi b (010): Hi kh, khin ngi b hi chng th tr li c.
H-tng (010): (H = bo-v, Tng = a i theo): cng i theo bo-v.
Hi-cung (015): (Hi = tr v, quay v; Cung= n): Hi cung l tr v
cung-in.
Hi-ci (089; 090): (Hi = n-nn, hi-tic; Ci = sa i): bit li nn chu
sa i, v ha chng ti-phm na.
Hi-chng (007): (Hi = tp-hp m ng; chng = s ng): on-th,
hi-hp. Hi-chng, y, l on-th cc t-kheo.
Hi-kin (010): (Hi = cng gp nhau; kin = thy): gp nhau bn vic
vi nhau.
Hy-phm (040): (Hy = b i, lm cho h; Phm = l lm tri ngc li):
Hy-phm l chng tn-trng v lm ngc li, c tnh lm cho tiu mt i.
H-khng (095): (H = chng tht, h-di; Khng = rng-rang, vng-lng):
ci khng-gian vng-lng, rng-rang. Xin xem thm ch Khng.
Hu-tr (047-b; 049-c): (Hu = c; Tr = em ti): Ch hu-tr, trong on
vn ny, ngha en l c a ti, c em li. Nu ta hiu theo ngha rng,
hu tr l c s truyn-t t mt s-vic ny a ti, hoc em li, mt svic khc.
*
K
Kin-c (033): (Kin= cng; c= bn vng): bn vng, gi lu.
Kin-tr (033): (Kin= cng; Tr= gi): gi-gn bn-vng.
Kin-tng (040): (Kin = mnh-m; Tng = ngi cm u qun-lnh): v
tng-qun mnh-m v ti-gii.

Kinh (069, 075, 078; 079, 083): bn vn chp li li dy ca ch Pht, Btt, c ghi li trong i-Tng. Th d nh Kinh Kim-Cang, Kinh PhpC. (Pali: Sutta Sanscrit: Sutra; Hn-Vit: Kh-Kinh.)
Km-ch (028; 033): gi-gn cho ng; Km-ch cng ngha vi ch Khcphc (011).
K (005): bi vn ngn, thng l bn cu th, tm-tt li li Pht ging
trong Kinh. (Pali, Sanscrit: Gatha).
K-th Cp-c-c (001): K-th l cc hng cy c-th ca Thi-t K-;
Cp-c-c l danh-hiu ca v trng-gi giu-c xy ct cha K-vin
c Pht v cc v T-kheo tr-ng. Nguyn Thi-t K- c khu vn
p-, ng Cp-c-c mun mua ct tnh-x. Thi-t bo, ch vng lt
khp mt t th bn cho.
ng Cp-c-c lt vng khp vn, ch tr cc hng cy c-th lt vng
ln chng c. Thi-t chng nhn vng, hin lun khu vn; v th cha
K-vin c gi l xy ct trong vn K-th Cp-c-c. (Phn:
Jetavana).
K-n (018): (K = kho-lo; n = ph-n; n-b, c gi): cc ph-n ma
ht trong cung Vua.
K-s (010): (K= ci nga; S = binh-s): cc binh-s ci nga.
Khai-ng (014; 017): (Khai = m ra; Ng = hiu r): Khai-ng, c ngha l
m rng tm lng ngay-thng ra hiu bit c Chn-L.
Khan (016): ting Hn-Vit, c ngha l keo-kit, qu h-tin.
Khanh (013; 017; 052; 064): Ting nh Vua gi cc quan; hoc ting gi
nhau thn-mt.
Khc-phc (011): ch-phc c; thng c khin cho k kia phi chu
u-hng, tun theo mnh.
Kht-thc (007): (Kht = i xin n; Thc = n): Theo Gii-Lut ca nh
Pht, cc T-kheo chng c c ngh mu-sanh ring, mi sng phi i xin
n, gi l kht-thc, nui mng sng m tu-hnh. l dp tu-s dp

lng t-i, v ng thi gieo duyn gio-ha vi dn-chng cng to phc


lnh b-th cho h.
Khu u (007): (Khu = ci xung ): ci u st xung lm l.
Khoi-lc (012; 054): (Khoi = sng; lc = vui): iu sng-khoi, iu
vui-sng.
Khng (017; 039; 040): Ch Khng, ting Hn-Vit, c ngha khc v rng
hn ch khng trong ting Vit thun-ty. Ch khng ca ting Vit c
ngha ph-nh, l chng c. Ch Khng trong ting Hn-Vit c ngha l
rng-rang, chng cha ng g, chng dnh-mc vo u, vng-v, an-tnh.
Xin ng lm ch Khng vi hai ngha quan-trng .
Kh (039; 040; 047-b; 049-c; 049-c): Ch Kh c dng dch ch Pali
dukkha vi ngha l gy ra s kh-nhc, au-n v th-cht, hoc v tinhthn; i khi c dch ra l bt-toi-nguyn, tc l chng lm va-. Trong
Kinh Chuyn Php-Lun, bn Kinh u-tin do c Pht thuyt-ging, v
Bn Chn-L Nhim-mu (T Diu ), trong Kh- (chn-l v s
Kh) k r nhng g lm cho con ngi phi kh-s trong cuc sng.
Khi-pht (052): (Khi = ni ln, mi bt u; Pht = sanh ra, bc l ra): bt
u sanh ra. Cng ngha vi Khi-sanh (052).
Khi-thy (083): (Khi = ni ln, pht-sanh ra; Thy = lc mi bt u):
xa kia lc mi va bt u c th-gian.
*
L
La-hn (086): Xin xem ch A-la-hn.
Lu-thng (009): bit tht rnh-r.
Lm thi (062): (Lm = khi xy n; Thi = lc): lc xy n.
Lm trn (062): (Lm = i vo, n;Trn = trn chin): khi nh nhau; xng
vo trn chin.

Lin-tc (037): (Lin = k theo sau; Tc = tip-tc): k tip theo sau chng
dt.
Lc ring (063): (Lc = phc, bng-lc, lng-bng). Ch Lc dng trong
on-vn ny c hm ngha l phc ring c dnh sn t trc. Da theo
-ngha , Thin-Nht ti ngh c l ch Lc ny tng-ng vi ch
Nghip-lc, tc l nhng nh-hng tch-ly sn do nhng hnh-ng c-
c trong cc i trc to nn.
Lu-luyn (044): (Lu = gi cn li; Luyn = mn thch): cn mn thch
mi.
Lu-ly (033): ngc trong-sut ta nh cht pha-l (king).
*
M
Mc-nhin (007): (Mc = im-lng; nhin = t-nhin): Gi s im-lng, c
ngm chp-nhn.
Mu thng (075): (Mu = binh-kh xa, gy di c mi nhn; Thng =
Sang = binh-kh xa, gy st di c mi nhn): hai loi binh-kh xa dng
m.
Mc-tiu (007): (Mc = con mt, ch mt nhn chm-ch n; tiu = ci
mc, ch ang c nhm vo): ch ang nhm vo bn; gn ngha vi
ch mc-ch.
*
N
Na-Tin (001): tn ca v T-kheo ging-gii gio-l cho Vua Di-Lan. (Pali:
Nagasena). y l mt tn tng-tng ca tc-gi quyn ''Kinh T-kheo
Na-Tin''. Cch sch Lun cho rng, B-tt Long-Th (Phn: Nagarjuna)
ngi sng tc ra quyn sch ny, mun dng ci tn Na-Tin mch chnh mnh, khi i-p vi Vua.
N-Hon (007; 011; 041; 046; 049-c; 049-c) cn c l Nit-bn. Phin-m
t ch Pali: Nibbna; Sanscrit: Nirvana, c ngha l ra khi rng u-ti; tc l

tn-dit ht cc phin-no, chng-c c v-sanh (chng cn phi tisanh trong Lun-hi), c t-ti trong cnh vng-lng, an-vui. Cng ngha
vi ch Hn-Vit: Vin-tch.
Ni (001): n tu-s theo o Pht. Cn gi l T-kheo-ni.
Nim (077; 088): Ch Nim, dng nh danh-t, c ngha l t-tng, ngh; dng nh ng-t, c ngha l nh ngh li trong lng. Ch nim
on vn trang 63, c ngha l cn c t-tng khi ln trong tm, tc l tm
cn cha n mc vng-lng, thanh-tnh nh tm ca c Pht.
Nim-o (001) (Nim = nh ngh lun trong lng; o, y l ChnhPhp): suy-tng n Chnh-Php.
Nit-Bn (007; 011; 065; 074): chung mt ngha vi ch N-Hon trn.
Ng voi (002): i rng nanh ca voi, di v trng, trng nh cp sng.
Ng-qu (004; 007): qu i. (Pali: Peta; Sanscrit: Preta). y l mt hng
chng-sanh thuc ng d, thn hnh m-o, bng to, c nh, lun lun i
kht.
Ngy trai (003): nhng ngy n chay, gi gii ca bc tu-hnh. Su ngy
trai trong thng l: mng 1, 8, 14, rm, 23 v 29 hoc 30. Ting Hn-Vit
gi ngy trai l trai-nht.
Ngm vnh xe (013): l hng trong vnh bnh xe, ni trc xe nm xuyn
qua, chu ng sc nng ca xe.
Nghip (071): Ch Nghip trong Pht-hc, dng dch ch Pali: kamma;
ch Sanscrit: Karma, ch nh-hng cn lu li ca cc hnh-ng c-
c qua trong i trc hay i ny, lm thay-i cuc sng hin-ti v
mai sau. H lm lnh, th c nghip thin; h lm c, th b nghip-c. Bc
A-la-hn dt ht nghip, nn chng cn phi ti-sanh na trong ci Lunhi.
Ngoi-o (009): (Ngoi = ngoi; o = y l o Pht): cc tn-gio khc,
chng theo o Pht. Xin lu- ch Ngoi-o chng h c -ngha xu l
t-ma, m-tn, nh thng ni t-ma ngoi-o.
Ngng-m (011): Knh-m; yu-mn v knh-trng.

Ng cc (062): (Ng = nm; cc = la): nm loi thc la nh go, np, u,


lu mch, lu k.
Nhp Nit-bn (002): (Nhp = vo; Nit-bn = ci vng-lng) Theo ngha
thng-thng l cht i. Xin xem thm ch Nit-bn.
Nhp-tm (018): (Nhp = i vo; tm = lng): n su vo lng; thuc
nm lng.
Nhn-tnh (001) (Nhn =chng bn rn; tnh= m-): thanh-vng, chng b
khuy-ng. ng ngha vi An-tnh.
Nhiu (002): i vng quanh, theo chiu kim ng-h, t lng knh-trng
i vi bc ang ngi ti .
Nht-nht (058; 097): (Nht = mt): mi mi u tun theo, tng mn mt.
Nht-tm (019; 034; 082; 082; 088; 092): (Nht = mt; Tm = lng): mt
lng ch- n; chuyn-tm nh ngh lun n.
Ni-ng (057): (Ni = bn trong; ng = chuyn-ng, khi-ng): s
chuyn-ng bn trong tm, tc l khi ln -ngh, hoc tnh-cm.
Ni-tm (047-b; 049-c; 049-c; 065) (Ni = bn trong; tm = lng): bn trong
tm, trong lng.
*
P
Phm-Thin (077): (Phm = phin-m ch Phn l Brahma, Tri Phm;
Thin = Tri): ci Tri cao nht thuc Dc-gii, tng th by.
Phm-hnh (077): (Phm = vua Tri i-Phm; Hnh = c-hnh) = chnh ca ng Phm-Thin.
Php (024): Ch Php trong Pht-hc c ngha rt rng:
1.- Php l ng-li tu-hnh, nh ch php-mn.
2.- Chnh-Php l li dy ca c Pht c ghi li trong Kinh-Tng. Nh
ch Gio-Php.

3.- Php vi ngha tng-qut trong ting Pali dhamma ch vo tt c mi svt, c hnh hay chng c hnh. Th-d: php-gii.
Pht (001): bc gic-ng v gii-thot hon-ton. (Phn: Buddha). Pht l
bc t-mnh gic-ng (t-gic), em ch gic-ng ra ch-dy cho chngsanh (gic-tha), v cng-cuc ho- chng-sanh ca Ngi hon-thnh
vin mn (gic hnh vin-mn). Ch ring c Pht mi c mi danhhiu tn-qu (thp hiu): Nh-Lai, ng-cng, Chnh bin-tri, Minh-hnhtc, Thin-th, Th-gian-gii, V-thng-s iu-ng trng-phu, Thinnhn-s, Pht, Th-tn.
Phi (047-b; 049-b; 053): Ch phi, dng nh mt ng-t, c ngha l kthip nhiu s-vt chung li thnh mt; nu dng nh danh-t, ch nhiu svt c hip chung li thnh mt s-vt hn-hp.
Phc-sanh (044): (Phc = tr li; sanh = sanh, sng): sanh, sng tr li.
Phng-hnh (007; 040; 066; 069; 075; 078; 083): (Phng = tun theo; Hnh
= lm): tun theo li dy m hnh-ng, n ng o-l.
*
Q
Qu-kh (006; 007; 009; 034; 047; 083) (Qu = qua; Kh = i qua ri):
vic c qua ri; thi-gian qua.
Quan-o (009): ng ci-quan, ng quc-l.
Qun (024): chuyn-tm suy-ngh k-lng, cu-xt cn-thn v mt -ti.
Kinh-sch thng dng ch Qun-chiu.
Qui-hng (096): (Qui = quay v; Hng = chiu-hng; phng-hng):
quay v theo chiu-hng no .
Qu-nhn (018): (Qu = tn-qu, cao-sang; Nhn = ngi): cc ngi p,
cao-qu; y ch cc v ph-n, hong-phi, cng-cha, v.v. trong cung
Vua.
*

R
Ru b-o (009): mt th ru nho qu gi, rt ngon.
*
S
Sa-di (006): ngi cn nh tui c th-gii vo cha tp-s tu-hnh; n
khi hai mi tui mi c th C-tc-gii lm T-kheo. (Pali:
Smanera; Sanscrit: Sramanera).
Sa-mn (003; 009; 014; 016; 064; 075; 084; 092): phin-m ch Phn, ngha
l tu-s theo o Pht. Pali: Smana; Sanscrit: Sramana). Ch sa-mn c ba
nghi: (1) cn-gi: ngi sing lm iu thin; (2)tc-gi: ngi ngng mi
vic c; (3)bn-gi: ngi nguyn cam chu ngho-kh tu-hnh.
Sm-hi (007): (Sm, phin-m ch Phn Ksamayati, c ngha n-nn, hitic li qua; Hi, ch Hn-Vit, c ngha l hi-tic, tic r v lm
phm ti): t lng hi-tic ti li l phm v xin ha chng ti-phm na.
Sng-khoi (069): v cng thch-th, vui-sng.
Sanh-t (035): (Sanh = sng; T = cht) = l sng cht.
S-sanh (037): (S = lc khi u; Sanh = sanh ra): lc mi va sanh ra.
S-nim (049-c; 056): (S = ch, ni; Nim = nh-ngh): ch ang nh ngh
n trong lng.
S-tc (056): (S = ch, ni; Tc= lm): ch lm, cng-vic lm.
Sc-sanh (004; 007): loi th vt thiu tr-hu.
S-ph (007; 068): (S = thy dy; Ph = cha): v thy dy o.
*
T
Tc-chin (062): (Tc = lm; chin = tranh u, chng gic): chin-u
chng li gic-gi.

Tai-ng (089; 090): (Tai = tai-nn, tai-ho; ng = ho, hi): tai-nn, taiha khin cho phi chu kh-s.
Ti-sanh (037; 043; 069; 073; 087) (Ti = li ln na; Sanh = sanh sng):
sanh tr li ci Lun-hi; sanh ri cht, ri li sanh cht na chng dt.
Tng (001): nam tu-s o Pht.
Tm-linh (096): thuc v tinh-thn, v-hnh.
Tm-nguyn (006): (Tm = lng; nguyn = nguyn, ha gi gn trong lng):
iu mnh ha hay mong-cu, s gi mi trong lng.
Tm-nim (058; 079; 098): (Tm = lng; Nim = -ngh): -tng nh-ngh
trong lng.
Tn-dit (036): (Tn = dt ht chng cn g; dit = lm cho tiu mt i): dp
cho ht tn gc-r.
T-kheo (001, 089): nam tu-s theo o Pht. (Phn: Bhikkhu). Cn n tu-s
Pht-gio gi l T-kheo-ni (Phn: Bhikkhuni). Ting min Bc gi l Tkhu v T-khu-ni.
Tin-vng (068): (Tin = trc; Vng = vua): cc v Vua i trc.
Tinh-tn (007; 032; 040; 088): (Tinh = chuyn-tm; tn = tin ln): C-gng
hn ln c tin-b; rng sao cho iu lnh c tng thm.
Tinh-yu (011; 018): (Tinh = iu ct-li; phn quan-trng nht; Yu =
trng-yu, quan-trng nht): iu ht sc quan-trng, thit-yu nht.
Tin-kip (004): (Tin = trc; kip = i sng): Tin-kip l cc i sng
trc trong qu-kh, trc khi sanh ra hin nay.
Tip-vin (032): (Tip = cu-gip; Vin = vin-tr, em n gip): Tipvin l gi thm binh-s nh thng gic.
Tnh-khit (021): (Tnh, Khit = trong-sch) = trong-sch.
Thi-t (004; 009): (Thi = ln, trng; T = con): v hong-t ln nht, s
ln ni ngi Vua cha.

Tham-i (019): (Tham = ham mun qu ; i = thng-yu): s ham-mun


qu-, s yu-thch qu mc.
Tham-dm (021): (Tham = ham mun qu mc; dm = s giao-hp gia
nam-n): qu ham-m s dm-dc trai-gi.
Tham-dc (022): (Tham = ham mun qu mc; Dc = ham mun): lng
ham-mun qu mc.
Tham-tm (038; 080): (Tham = ham mun qu mc; Tm = lng): lng cn
ham mun qu mc.
Tham-vn (015): (Tham = d vo; Vn = tha hi): Cng nhau tha hi vi
nhau.
Thanh-thy-chu (021): (Thanh = trong-sch; Thy = nc; chu = hn
ngc): Hn ngc c tnh-cht lc nc c cho trong-tro li, cho tinh-khit
hn.
Thanh-tnh (001; 021) (Thanh = trong; Tnh = sch): trong-sch.
Thanh-vn: (Thanh = Thinh = m-thanh; Vn = nghe): cc -t sng gn
bn c Pht, nh nghe Kinh, tu-tp theo T-Diu- (v Bt-Chnh-o)
m c cc qu-v Thnh, t Tu--hun n A-la-hn. (Pali: Svaka;
Sanscrit: Sravaka)
Thnh-tn (020): (Thnh = thnh-tht; Tn = tin-tng): nim tin thnh-tht
v vng-chc.
Thm-o (094): (Thm = su; o = huyn; xem nh tht m chng tht): svic huyn-b su-xa.
Thm-diu (007; 069; 094; 096) (Thm = su; diu = nhim-mu): Kinh
thm-diu l Kinh cao, su-xa v nhim-mu.
Thm-nh (016): (Thm = xt k; nh = quyt-nh): xt k li v quytnh.
Thm-trng (006): (Thm = su; trng = nng): Li th-nguyn thm-trng
l li th nng-n, thm-su, quan-trng lm.

Thn-mng (080): (Thn = thn-th; mng = mng sng): mng-sng ca


thn-th con ngi.
Thn-tr (096): (Thn = tinh-thn, phn v-hnh; Tr = tr-c): phn tinh-thn
bit suy-ngh.
Thn-tc (026; 091): (Thn= tinh-thn; thn-thng; Tc c hai nghi: (1)
dng nh tnh-t, Tc l y-; (2) dng nh danh-t, Tc l chn bc
i). Bn nim thn-tc l bn tm-trng ca bc tu-hnh c thn-thng,
h khi ln -nh l c c y- nh -nguyn; th-d nh mun n
mt ni xa, c th bay i ngay trong khng-kh. Ch thn-tc (091, 73) li
c ngha l c bc chn thn, di-chuyn tht nhanh-chng, n cc ci
khc.
Thp-Gii (006): (Thp = mi; Gii = iu rn-cm): Mi gii m Sa-di
phi tun theo: (1) chng st-hi; (2) chng trm-cp, (3) chng dm-dc, (4)
chng ni di, (5) chng ung ru, (6) chng trang-sc, (7) chng xem ma
ht, (8) chng nm ging cao, (9) chng n qu gi Ng (12 gi tra), (10)
chng cm tin-bc.
Thin-Trc (004; 008): tn ca nc n- c.
Thin-cn (042): (Thin = cn; Cn = gn). Tr-c thin-cn l tr-c cn
cn-ct v chng thy c xa.
Thin (020): lnh, tt, kho.
Th Gii (005, 006; 017): (Th = nhn lnh; Gii = gii-lut): nhn iu
rn-cm ca c Pht t ra, trnh cc ti-c.
Th-mng (004): (Th = tui th; Mng = mng sng): Th-mng l mng
sng theo tui th.
Th-thn (001): (Th = cy to ln, lu i; thn = thn-linh, cc bc v-hnh
c sc mnh linh-thing): cc v thn-linh sng trn cy.
Thng-t (007; 009; 011): (Thng = thng-sut; t = c c): hiu tht
r rng n tn c ngha su-kn.
Thy-tc (063): (Thy = nc; tc = ni ging): loi sanh-vt sng di
nc.

Tha s ch Pht (003): Tha s l phng-th, phc-v. Tha s ch Pht


c ngha l theo hu-h ch Pht; y c ngha l tun-hnh theo cc li
dy ca ch Pht.
Thc (047; 051): bit, s hay-bit. Gio-l Nam-Tng phn-bit su thc:
(1) nhn-thc, ci bit do mt thy; (2) nh-thc, ci bit do tai nghe; (3) tthc, ci bit do mi ngi; (4) thit-thc, ci bit do li; (5) thn-thc, ci
bit do da trn thn; (6) -thc, ci bit trong lng. Gio-l Bc-Tng c
thm hai thc na: (7) mt-na-thc, cn gi l truyn-tng-thc, c nhimv chuyn-t ci bit t ngoi vo trong, v t trong ra ngoi, li hay chpng; (8) a-li-da thc, cn gi l tng-thc, c nhim-v gn-gi cc chngt (= ht ging ca cc hnh-vi c) nn cn c gi l nghip-thc.
Thng-ti (040): (Thng = cn hoi, chng bin-i, chng tiu-dit; Ti
= ): Thng-ti l vn gi nguyn, chng b thay-i, chng b hyhoi. Cng ngha vi Thng-cn; Thng-hng; Hu-thng. Tri ngha
vi V-thng.
Thng-hng (051): (Thng = cn hoi, chng thay-i; hng = lun lun
nh vy l nh vy): cng ngha vi Thng-cn, Thng-ti. Tri ngha
vi V-thng.
Thng-in (018): (Thng = trn; in = cung-in): cung-in ln ngoi
n Vua, ch Vua ng.
Thng-Ta (006): (Thng = trn; Ta = ngi). Theo cp-bc trong Phtgio Bc-tng, t Sa-di ln i-c (t 10 tui-h n 20 tui-h) ri ti
Thng-Ta (c t nht 30 tui-h) v n Ho-thng (trn 40 tui-h). D
mt kha An-c Kt-h l c mt tui-h.
Tng theo (037; 040): da theo m tin-trin; do theo l-do m thay
i.
Ti-thng (014): (Ti = ht sc; rt; Thng= cao): Ti-thng l cao
nht, trn chng g cao hn na.
Ti-yu (018): (Ti = ht sc, tri nht; yu = quan-trng; trng-yu): iu
quan-trng bc nht.
Trng hoa (033): bng hoa kt li thnh xu, thnh chm.

Trn-bo (009; 033): ting gi chung cc th chu, ngc qu-bu.


Trin-chuyn (037; 047; 051): (Trin = ln ln; Chuyn = bin-chuyn): ln
ln thay i theo thi-gian; pht-trin v bin-chuyn.
Tr-s (016): (Tr = ; s = ni, ch): ni , ch c-tr.
Tr (034): ng dng li, chng di-chuyn.
Tr-tr (006): (Tr = ng dng li; Tr = gi-gn): V S tr-tr l v S
trng-thng v coi sc mt ngi cha.
Trc xe (013): thanh st xuyn qua hai bnh xe, gi vng chic xe.
Trc-xut (007; 007): (Trc = ui i, i theo; Xut = ra khi): y,
trc-xut l ui i ra khi cha.
Trung-chnh (010; 062): (Trung = ngay chnh gia; Chnh = ngay thng,
chn-chnh, ng-n): Hnh trung-chnh ni y chnh l noi theo con
ng Trung-o ca c Pht, c th-hin bng Bt-Chnh-o. Xin
xem thm ch Bt-Chnh-o.
Truyn-t (047-b; 049-b): (Truyn = truyn sang, chuyn n; t = nhn
c, ti ni) = Truyn-t c ngha l c s di-chuyn t mt s-vt ny
n mt s-vt khc. Ti trang 37, ch Truyn-t c dng dch ch
Hn-Vit Hu-tr.
Tr-b (062; 085): (Tr = ly ring ra, bt; B = dnh, phng-h): qunlnh d-b sn, nh ch lnh gi ra chin u.
Tr (038): ct li dnh v sau.
Trc (030): ngay thng. Trc-kin l nhn thy ngay-thng. Trc-nim l
suy-ngh ngay-thng. Trc-ng l li ni ngay-thng. Trc-mng l li musanh ngay-thng. Trc-nghip l hnh-ng ca thn, ming, v u ngaythng. Trc phng-tin l phng-cch lm vic ngay thng. Trc- l ttng ngay-thng. Trc-nh l tu c nh ngay-thng (tri vi t-nh).
Trc-tc (069): sng-tc, vit v to nn quyn sch.

Trng-gi (001; 063) (Trng = ln; gi = ngi): ngi giu-c, trngthng trong lng, c mi ngi knh-n.
Tu--hun (007; 022): qu-v th nht trong hng Thanh-vn; cn c gi
l qu Tht-Lai, ngha l ch cn ti-sanh li ci ngi by ln na, s
chng-c Nit-bn. (Pali: Sotapanna; Sanscrit: Srotapani)
Ty-tng (018): cng i theo hu.
T-duy (094): (T = suy ngh; Duy = tng nh): khi ln -ngh trong tm,
suy-tng.
T--hm (008; 022): qu-v th hai trong hng Thanh-vn; cn c gi
l qu Nht-Lai, ngha l ch cn phi ti-sanh li ci ngi mt ln na m
thi, s chng c Nit-bn. (Pali: Sakadagamin; Sanscrit: Sakrdagamin).
T-i (079): (T = lng T trong o Pht c ngha l tnh thng rng-ri
mi chng-sanh ging nh tnh thng ca cha-m i vi a con-mt ca
mnh. i = thng-yu): Tm-nim t-i l trong lng c -ngh thng-yu
rng-ri n mi chng-sanh.
Tng-kin (010; 011): (Tng = cng nhau; Kin = thy): gp, thy mt
nhau.
Tng-ng (051): (Tng= cng nhau; ng = ph-hp nhau): ph-hp
nhau, chng chng-i nhau.
Tng-vng (002) (Tng = voi; vng= cha): Voi cha, voi u-n.
T nim-x (024): (T = bn; Nim = nh-ngh; X = ni chn) T nimx l tn mt bn Kinh rt quan-trng trong Trung-B-Kinh (Majjhima
Nikaya) c c Pht thuyt-ging v bn lnh-vc ca s qun-nim: (1)
qun v thn; (2) qun v cm-th; (3) qun v tm; qun v php (= svt). Ngi thc-hnh php qun ny s c c nh-tm, t-tng dng
tr li v chng cc cp Thin.
T Thin-Vng (008) (T = bn; Thin = Tri; vng = vua): bn v Vua
Tri ci Dc-gii: (1) Tr-quc thin-vng; (2) Qung-mc-thin-vng;
(3) Tng-trng thin-vng; (4) a-vn thin-vng.

T-Thin (005; 092) (T = bn, th t; Thin = php tu tnh-tm, khin ngh dng li, tm-trng rng-rang, nh-nhng): Tu Thin-nh tri qua bn
giai-on: S-Thin, Nh-Thin, Tam-Thin v T-Thin. n cp TThin, thn-tm nh-nhng, tm- dng li, vng-lng, m-, an-vui.
T-ti (004; 007; 039): (T = chnh mnh; Ti = ti ); ch T-ti c ngha
l sng ty theo mnh, c t-do, thong-dong, chng cn b l-thuc vo
u c. Tng-ng vi ch T-do.
*
U
U-trc (077): d-dy, nhp-nha.
u-b-di (082): phin-m ch Phn Upasika, c ngha l n c-s tu ti-gia,
tun theo Ng-Gii. Cng ngha vi ch Cn-s-n.
u-b-tc (007; 011; 014): phin-m ch Phn, c ngha l nam c-s tu-tigia, tun theo Ng-Gii. Cng ngha vi ch Cn-s-nam. (Pali: Upasaka).
*
V
Vi-phm (007): (Vi = lm; phm = l lm iu tri ngc vi ch b cmon): Vi-phm l l lm tri vi iu cm-on.
V-lai (006; 009; 047; 083): (V = cha; Lai = n): Vic cha xy n.
Cng ngha vi ch Tng-lai.
V-ng (096): (V = chng c; Ng = Ta; bn-ng): chng c ci ''Ta'',
chng c ci ''bn-ng''. Theo gio-l nh Pht, c ba s-tht m ta thng
lm-ln: (1) v-thng (Pali: anicca), chu s bin-i, chng thng-cn;
(2) kh (Pali: dukkha), gy ra s chng va , bt-toi-nguyn; (3) v-ng
(Pali: anatta), chng h c ci ''Ta'' no trong thn-tm con ngi c. K no
cho rng c ci bn-ng, thn ta l ca ta, k vng phi t-kin, gi l
mc phi thn-kin, ng-kin.
V-thng (039; 040; 042-b; 042-f): (V = chng c; Thng = thng-cn,
lc no cng vy, chng c s bin-i): V-thng l chng thng-cn, b

bin-i, s b tiu-dit. Tri ngha vi thng-hng. Pali: anicca; Sanscrit:


Anitya.
V-vi (004): (V = chng c; Vi = lm): o V-vi l o cu chng-c
Nit-bn, tu-tp dt phin-no v chng to-tc thm iu g gy ra nghiplc phi ti-sanh li trong ci Lun-hi.
Vng-gi (014): (Vng = vua; Gi = ngi): Ch vng-gi y dng
nh mt tnh-t, ch nhng g thuc v nh vua; trong cu ny, ni thi-
vng-gi l ni n thi- ca nh Vua khi bn-lun thng hay dng li
ni, uy-quyn ca nh Vua m ln-t ngi i-thoi.
*
X
X-V (001): tn kinh-thnh mt tiu-quc min Bc n- xa, c cha
K-vin l ni c Pht tr-ng ho- chng-sanh. (Pali: Savatthi,
Sanscrit: Sravasti).
X-Kit (009; 011): tn mt nc tng-tng, do vua Di-Lan cai-tr. (Pali:
Sgal).
Xut-gia (005): (Xut = ra khi; gia = nh): ri gia-nh i tu.
*
Y
-nim (042-f; 051; 096): ( = -ngh, t-tng; Nim = nh ngh): ttng trong tm.
KINH T-KHEO NA-TIN
C.- Phn Tm hiu Ngha
098.- Xut-x ca quyn T-kheo Na-Tin.
Kinh T-kheo Na-Tin c kt-tp trong Hn-Tng, Cn-Long i-TngKinh, quyn th 108, t trang 706 n trang 753, chng c tn Dch-gi ra
Hn-vn, ch thy ghi l su-tp vo i ng-Tn (Trung-hoa). Tc-gi ca

quyn Kinh, theo truyn-thuyt, l Ngi Long-Th (Nagarjuna), v T-s th


14 ca Thin-tng n-. Tn quyn Kinh trong Tng Pali l Milinda panha
(Vua Di-lan hi o), thuc Tiu-B-Kinh (Khuddaka Nikaya). Cng theo
truyn-thuyt, Ngi Long-Th mun mn tn T-kheo Na-Tin (Pali:
Nagasena) t m-ch mnh; cn tn Di-lan (Pali: Milinda) li m-ch c
Vua Mnandre, nhn cuc i-p gia hai ngi m trnh-by Gio-l
di hnh-thc gin-d, d hiu, v nht l gip ta dt b c cc mi
hoi-nghi v Chnh-Php.
Kinh Milinda panha c dch ra rt nhiu th ting. Ti Vit-Nam trc
y, i-c-s on-Trung-Cn c da theo bn dch Php-vn, phi-hp
vi bn Hn-vn, cho xut-bn quyn Na-Tin T-Kheo Kinh, c rt
nhiu c-s Pht-gio ti-bn v n-tng.
Quyn T-kheo Na-Tin ny c gi l Kinh, c l v c ghi trong
Kinh-Tng, Tiu-B-Kinh. Nhng xt theo vn-t, quyn ny vn l mt b
Lun, c mt bc i-s sng-tc; cc v kt-tp Kinh-Tng gi l
Kinh, chc cng chng ngoi l-do l -cao cng tn-thn tc-phm ny.
Tri qua nm thng, quyn ''Kinh'' c s hm-m nng-nhit ca mi
ngi Pht-t khp th-gii.
Thin-Nht mo-mui phng-dch t Hn-tng ra ting Vit thng-thng
ngy nay. V tn-trng chnh-vn trong i-Tng, ti gi nguyn cc danht chuyn-mn Pht-hc dng trong bn dch Hn-vn, v xin c php ni
r li cc ch y theo cc thut-ng ngy nay, trong Phn Tm hiu Ngha
Ch v Ngha , tch ring ra khi Phn Phng-dch.
*
099.- B-cc quyn T-kheo Na-Tin .
Tuy Kinh T-kheo Na-Tin c chia ra lm ba quyn: thng, trung, h;
nhng xt k v -tng trong cc quyn chng thy c im khc-bit
su-sc no chia thnh ba cun; v li, cc cu hi vua Di-Lan nu ln
trong ba quyn y thng c lp i lp li i ba ln. V l , Thin Nht
xin -ngh xem ton-b quyn sch nh mt cun v chia ra lm ba phn
chnh:
1.- Tin-kip ca T-kheo Na-Tin v Vua Di-Lan (t tiu-mc s 001 n
s 008, bn Phng-dch).

2.- Cc cu vn-p gia Vua Di-Lan v T-kheo Na-Tin. y l phn


chnh, chim gn ht quyn sch (t tiu-mc s 009 n s 096).
3.- Tm-trng hoan-h ca Na-Tin v Di-Lan sau cuc m-lun (tiu-mc
s 097).
Sau y, xin tm lc ba phn chnh .
*
100.- Tm-lc v Tin kip ca Na-Tin v Di-Lan .
Vo mt thi kia, c Pht ng ti cha K-vin, nc X-v, c ng-o
cc v T-kheo, T-kheo-ni v hn vn dn-chng tham-d nghe ging
Php. Nhn thy hm y, tm-trng ca i-chng chng an, c Pht lin
ri tnh-x i vo rng tng an-tnh, nim o. Vo lc y c Tngvng (voi cha) cng ri by voi ang a nghch, i tm ni thanh-vng.
Tng-vng trng thy c Pht lin qi xung lm l. c Pht v
Tng-vng ni Php, nh tm Tng-vng khai-ng. K t ,
Tng-vng tha-s c Pht v quanh-qun bn cnh Ngi lun. V sau,
khi c Pht nhp Nit-bn, Tng-vng mn-tic v n cha Ca-LaHon nghe ch Tng tng Kinh vo cc ngy trai. Khi th-mng ht, Tngvng c ti-sanh li lm ngi, con trai trong mt gia-nh B-la-mn.
(Xin xem li cc tiu-mc s 001, 002, v 003).
Ln ln, ngi con trai y nh n Kinh Pht c nghe i trc, mi ri
nh, ln non hc o. Cng vi mt tu-s B-la-mn khc, anh kt lm bn
thin-tri-thc vi nhau. Mt ngi nguyn kip sau s lm vua mt nc;
mt ngi nguyn s lm sa-mn. Nh li h c-nguyn, trong kip sau,
mt ngi sanh ra lm Thi-t tn l Di-Lan, ti mt nc ven bin; cn
mt ngi ti-sanh li huyn K-Tn, nc Thin-Trc (n- xa), khi
sanh ra c o c-sa qun quanh mnh, c cha-m t tn l Na-Tin.
Do , tin-kip ca Na-Tin l Tng-vng; cn tin-kip ca vua Di-Lan
l mt tu-s theo o B-la-mn. (Xin xem li tiu-mc s 004 ni bn
Phng-dch).
*

101.- Na-Tin c qu A-la-hn .


Nm mi su tui, Na-Tin th gii Sa-di vi ngi cu l v sa-mn tn
Lu-Hn; v ny c c o-qu A-la-hn. Na-Tin hc thng KinhK, gi-gn Gii-lut thanh-tnh, n nm 20 ti c th gii i-Samn. Vo ngy Rm, Na-Tin n cha Ho-Thin-T d l B-tt, c
tng Kinh-Gii. V Thng-Ta tr-tr nhn thy Na-Tin qi gia cc v
T-kheo u c qu A-la-hn, thuyt Kinh th-d, gia cc ht go trng
c ln ht go en, l Na-Tin, cn cha c qu A-la-hn. Na-Tin bun
ru, ci ly xin sm-hi v i ra khi cha.
Na-Tin li theo hc vi S Ca-Duy-Vit, l mt thin-s hn tm mi
tui, tnh rt nghim-khc. Bui sng, Na-Tin mang bnh bt ca S-ph i
n nh mt c-s thng hay cng-dng thc-phm cho ch Tng. S CaDuy-Vit ra lnh cho Na-Tin phi ngm mt ngm nc mn trong khi n
nh v c-s . n ni, v c-s dng hin thc-phm qu-gi. Th theo li
yu-cu ca v c-s, Na-Tin thuyt kinh cho nghe, nh th l Na-Tin
phm iu cm-on ca S Ca-Duy-Vit, v phi nh ngm nc mn ra
ni Php. Sau thi Php, c hai, ngi ni ln ngi nghe, u chng qu
Tu--hun. Tr v cha, Na-Tin b trc-xut v vi-phm gii cm ca
Thy, mc du thuyt-php thnh-cng c hiu-qu ln. Na-Tin ly Thy,
ri cha, ln non, n tu. Chng bao lu, nh tinh-tn hnh Thin, Na-Tin
chng qu A-la-hn, c c cc thn-thng.
Na-Tin tr li cha Ho-Thin-T, vi t-cch A-la-hn, ly sm-hi vi
ch Tng; ri ra i, chu-du khp ni ging-dy Kinh-Php. Chng bao
lu, danh-ting ca Na-Tin vang di gn xa; bin-ti lun-m c mi
ngi knh-phc; -t theo hc o rt ng-o, c nhiu v nh m
c c cc Thnh-qu. (Xin xem cc tiu-mc s 005, 006, 007, 008)
*
102.- Sa-mn D-Ho-La b vua Di-Lan hi b .
Vua Di-Lan cai-tr nc X-Kit (Pali: Sgal) rt giu-c, t-ai phnhiu, dn-chng hin-lnh, vic bun-bn rt thnh-vng. Nh Vua tui
tr ti cao, vn-v tinh-thng, thng bn-lun v cc Kinh-k ngoi-o
loi.
Mt hm, nhn i du-ngon ra ngoi thnh, c Vua thy cn sm, mun
tm mt bc tu-hnh c o tha hi v cc Kinh cao v kh. Cc quan

mi Vua n gp v sa-mn D-Ho-La c ni ting l bc c c-hnh


cao. Vua hi v sa-mn:
- V sao Khanh co ru, ct tc, ri b gia-nh i tu? Khanh theo o no?
- Ti hc hnh trung-chnh ca o Pht, i ny c phc, i sau cng
c phc. V l , ti xung tc, co ru, ri b gia-nh, i tu lm samn.
- Cc ngi cn mc o trng, tu ti-gia m theo ng hnh trung-chnh ,
c c phc i ny v i sau khng?
- Cc ngi tu ti nh, theo ng hnh trung-chnh ca o Pht, cng c
phc y trong i ny v c v i sau.
- Th th, ti sao Khanh li b c gia-nh i tu?
Sa-mn D-Ho-La im lng, tr li chng c. Cc quan hu-cn lin ni:
''c Vua c-thng. Nh Vua thng v o-nhn.''
Nh Vua c v t-mn, quay li hi cc quan:
- Cn c v sa-mn no khc sc cng Ta i-p v cc Kinh cao v kh
chng?
Vin quan hu-cn tn Trim-Di-Li tu:
- C mt v T-kheo tn l Na-Tin, va n nc X-Kit ny, ni ting l
thng-t cc Kinh-K ca c Pht, gii-p mi nghi-ng rt thng-sut,
c th cng nh Vua bn-lun v cc Kinh cao v kh.
Vua lin sai Trim i thnh T-kheo Na-Tin n hi-kin.
(Xin xem li cc tiu-mc s 009, 010, 011).
Trc khi k tip, Thin Nht xin m ngoc tm hiu thm v hnh
trung-chnh m Sa-mn D-Ho-La ni n. Hnh, cn c l hnh, ngha l
lm; ch c-hnh c ngha l li-sng, l hnh-kim, ng-n, theo con
ng lnh; ch gii-hnh c ngha l i- sng ng theo gii-lut nh
Pht, trnh mi iu rn-cm. Trung-chnh c nghi: trung l thng ngay

chnh gia, chng nghing qua hai bn, chnh l chn-chnh, ngay-thng,
ng-n.
Hnh trung-chnh c ni y tc l li sng theo ng vi Gii-lut do
c Pht t ra: Ng Gii cho ngi tu ti nh, C-tc-gii cho cc t-kheo
v t-kheo-ni tu trong cha. Nhng, theo s suy-on ca Thin-Nht, c l
dch-gi bn Hn-vn dng ba ch hnh trung-chnh ni n con
ng Trung-o v c Bt-Chnh-o ghi trong bn Kinh Chuyn-PhpLun, l bn Kinh u-tin ca c Pht thuyt-ging ti vn Lc-Uyn.
Con ng Trung-o l con ng gia, chng nghing qua bn thammun cc li-dng, cc th vui vt-cht, m cng chng ng sang bn tuhnh p-xc. Thc-hin con ng Trung-o , th phi theo ng tm
ngnh ca Bt-Chnh-o. Bt-Chnh-o gm c: (1) chnh-kin, s thybit chn-chnh (2) chnh t-duy, s suy-ngh ng-n; (3) chnh-ng, li
ni ngay tht; (4) chnh mng, li mu-sanh ng-n vi ngh-nghip
chn-chnh; (5) chnh nghip, gi gn thn-nghip chng lm quy, khunghip ni li chn-chnh; -nghip suy-t ng-n; (6) chnh tinh-tn,
n-lc lm iu thin hn thm ln; (7) chnh-nim, bit gi-gn t-tng
trong tm thanh-tnh; v (8) chnh-nh, tm- an-tr ng-n.
Xin ng du ngoc li v k tip.
*
103.- Vua Di-Lan th-thch T-kheo Na-Tin .
Khi quan Trim-Di-Li n mi, Na-Tin lin cng ch t-kheo ti ni vua
ang ng. T xa, nhn on t-kheo di-chuyn, nh Vua trng thy mt v samn i ng trang-nghim, thn-tng p-, on ngay l Na-Tin.
Trim-Di-Li n gn bn Vua, tu rng, v t-kheo Na-Tin va n, v ch
ngay chnh ngi m c Vua d-on l Na-Tin. Lng Vua rt mng,
nhng tm ngi li cm thy xao-xuyn. Ngi t ngh: ''Tm ta ang bnghong trc mt Na-Tin, chc l Na-Tin s thng ta.''
Sau khi xng tn v cc li thm hi x-giao, cuc m-lun bt u. Vua
Di-Lan lin dng mt cu hi kh, hi Na-Tin:
- Na-Tin! Ai l Na-Tin? u, mt, tai... l Na-Tin chng?
Mi cu vua hi, Na-Tin u p:

- Chng phi l Na-Tin.


( trnh s trng-ip vi Phn Phng-dch, ti y, Thin Nht chng
thut li y- cc chi-tit hi v p gia hai ngi, xin c-gi chu
phin xem li tiu-mc s 013, Phn Phng-dch).
Ri Na-Tin hi ngc li c Vua:
- Xe l g? Trc xe, vnh bnh xe, cm xe... c phi l xe chng?
Mi cu Na-Tin hi v cc b-phn ca chic xe, Vua u tr li:
- Chng phi l xe.
Na-Tin lin hi cu cht:
- Vy ci g mi tht l xe?
c Vua im lng, chng p c.
Na-Tin lin kt-lun bng cch trch-dn mt on Kinh Pht, hip-t cc
b-phn (...) li, l nguyn-nhn c c chic xe; con ngi cng
vy, h hip-t cc b-phn trong thn-tm li th thnh ra con ngi, c
t tn gi l Na-Tin.
Vua khen: ''Lnh thay! Lnh thay!''
Nh Vua li hi mt cu rt kh, th-thch s lanh-tr ca Na-Tin. Vua
ni:
- Ta c iu mun hi.
- Xin i-Vng c hi.
- Ta hi xong.
- Ti cng p xong.
- p nhng g u?
- i-Vng hi ti nhng g u?

n y, Thin Nht li xin ngng vic tm-tt bn Phng-dch, v mt ln


na, xin m du ngoc nu ln ch Vua Di-Lan th-thch Na-Tin v
nhng im no.
Trc nht l cu hi: Ai l Na-Tin? Ngha su-kn ca cu hi l: Vy
ch ci g mi tht l Na-Tin? Bn-cht ca con ngi l g? Ni thn-tm
con ngi, c ci g l ci Ta, l bn-ng khng? Hoc ni theo nhng ngi
cn m-tn, trong thn-tm ny, c ci linh-hn tn-ti mi qua thi-gian
chng?
Cc cu tr li ca Na-Tin, cng li kt-lun trch dn Kinh Pht u qui v
mt vn- cn-bn ca Gio-l nh Pht: l v-ng, trong thn-tm con
ngi chng h c ci Ta, chng h c ci bn-ng. Tuy Na-Tin chng ni
r ra, nhng ta bit thn-tm con ngi ch l s tp-hp ca nm un: scun l phn vt-cht, gi l thn, v bn un kia, th, tng, hnh, thc- un
thuc v phn tinh-thn, tc l tm. Chng h thy trong thn-tm ny, u
l ng ch gi l Ta, u l linh-hn, gi l phn hn ca Ta c, ch c cc
un tp-hp li m thi. l l-l vng-chc chng-minh Chn-l v-ng
ca Pht-hc.
Na-Tin vt qua d-dng ch Vua th-thch bng cch hi ngc li:
Xe l g? Ci g trong xe l xe? Vua chng tr li c, nh th Na-Tin
thng. Rt tic, nh Vua chng hi thm chi-tit v l v-ng na, chng
ta c dp hc-hi v cch Na-Tin gii cc mi nghi-ngi cn st li v
Chn-L quan-trng ny.
Nhng nh Vua li a ra thm mt cu hi rt kh, nu ai m l-qu,
chng nhanh-tr nh Na-Tin, th lin lt vo cm-by ngay. Hi m chng
nu cu hi l hi lm sao? p m chng ni ra li, l p cch no? Vua
v Na-Tin ang so gm tr-hu vi nhau y!
Nh Vua mun hi Na-Tin m chng nu cu hi ln, tc l Nh Vua mun
hi g? Hai ng hin ang bn-lun v gio-php, th th cu Nh Vua
mun hi l cu hi thuc v Php (Dharma, gio-php) ch g. Ti sao Vua
li chng ni l cu hi v Php. Bi l-l rt cao-siu l Php vn
Khng, tc l Php vn rng-rang, chng cha ng g, chng dnh mc g,
chng c hnh-tng g, th lm sao din-t ra bng li ni c. Nu c ni
ra cu hi v Php, tc l mc-nhin ph-nhn tnh-cht rng-rang ca Php
ri, u nu ln c ch Php-Khng trong gio-l, li cn khoc thm cho
Php mt hnh-tng ngn-t.

Na-Tin qu l nhanh-tr, bit ngay ch n- ca nh Vua, nn mi p l,


p xong, m chng nu r l p nhng g. Nu Na-Tin v-tnh hi li
Vua, Vua va ni: hi ri, l hi g u? th Na-Tin lin ri vo cm-by
ca Vua, ch i mt cu hi v Php bng ngn-t. Php vn l Khng,
sao din ra bng hnh-tng ca li ni hi thnh cu hi, ha ra cn
cha hiu c im gio-l rt quan-trng ny ca nh Pht sao?
Tr li cu hi u-tin Ai l Na-Tin? Y-ngha su-xa ca tiu-mc s 013,
l vn- Ng-khng, trong Gio-L Nam-Tng. Cu hi ca Vua v cch
p ca Na-Tin tiu-mc s 015, lin-quan n vn- Php-khng, trong
Gio-l Bc-Tng. C hai vn- kh-khn ny u c Na-Tin vt qua
mt cch xut-sc. V xut-sc hn na l tc-gi quyn T-kheo Na-Tin
ny, trnh-by hai vn- cc-k t-nh y di hnh-thc ht sc ngin, d hiu v y hng-th!
*
104.- Thi- trong khi bn-lun Gio-php.
Cn mt vn- cc-k quan-trng m cc ngi a tho-lun v gio-php
nn lu-tm. l thi- thch-nghi ca nhng ngi tham-d cuc bnlun v cc vn- tn-gio.
(Tiu-mc s 014, bn Phng-dch, l mt on vn ht sc thit-yu, knh
mong ngi c xem li k v suy-gm thm).
Sau khi th-thch T-kheo Na-Tin, Vua Di-Lan mi ng mun cng S
bn-lun v Gio-Php. Bng li ni bc-trc, Na-Tin thng-thn ni:
- Nu Vua dng tr-hu hi ti, th c th cng nhau bn-lun. Nu Vua
dng li vng-gi kiu-qu, th chng th cng Vua bn-lun c.
S phn-bit gia li ni ca tr-hu v li ni ca vng-gi c NaTin trnh-by rt minh-bch. Li ni ngay-thng, chn-chnh, hng v
Chn-l, c thua c thng, tht-bi chng cht gin-hn, l li ni ca bc
tr-gi. Li ni kiu-qu, phng theo cm-ngh ring, gp ch chng va th
trng-pht, l li ni ca bc vng-gi.
c khim-cung ca nh Vua cng c biu-l ra rt r-rng, ng cho ta
khm-phc, khi Ngi p:

- Nguyn dng li ni ca bc tr-gi, chng dng li ni ca vng-gi,


chng gi -ngh vng-gi trong li mnh ni... khin cho lng mnh chng
mang s-hi, thnh-tm cng c khai-ng.
Nhn vn- quan-trng ny, Thin Nht, theo thin- ca mnh, xin tha
thm mt vi iu:
1.- Kinh-sch Pht-hc thng nhc n li Pht dy l phi trnh cc cuc
h-lun. Th no l h-lun? H l vui-a. Lun l bn-ci. Thng thy,
tip theo cc bui tr-d tu-hu, nhiu ngi t-nhn l bc ''tr-thc hiu
o'' ngi nhm-nhi tch tr, bn-lun nhau vi li-l dao to ba ln m ngha li rng-tuch, ph-bnh v i-s ny, khen-ngi v thin-gi kia, t
ng sang Ty, ht kim n c; l ... bn-lun chi cho vui, vy thi, ch
no phi i tm Chn-l, rt ly kinh-nghim tu-tp. Th cho nn, c
Pht mi gi l h-lun v dy ta cn phi trnh.
2.- Kinh-sch Pht-hc phn-bit hai loi Chn-l: (1) s-tht th-gian, c
th ng ni ny, vo lc ny, m c th chng hp vi ch kia, vo mt
thi khc, cho nn gi l tc-, ngha l s-tht tng-i trong i sng
th-tc; (2) s-tht ng mun i v khp mi ni, a con ngi tu-hnh
n ni gic-ng v gii-thot; v th cho nn mi gi l chn-, ngha l
s-tht tuyt-i, thuc lnh-vc xut-th-gian. Dng li-l ca th-gian kh
m vn ln n tn Chn-l tuyt-i ca lnh-vc xut-th. Bi th cho
nn, ngi hiu-bit bao gi cng ngh l mnh cha h nm vng c
Chn-, nn phi gi thi- khim-ho, chng dm liu-lnh bo rng iu
mnh ni l s-tht duy-nht v ti-thng. Tri li, tm-trng ngi y nn
m rng ra n nhn tm-thi li-l ca ngi i-thoi, hn vi lng mnh
s truy-cu v sot-xt k li cc ch ng cng sai, hu rt ly kinh-nghim
tu-tp cho bn-thn.
3.- Thi- thch-nghi trong khi lun-bn v Gio-l l phi thnh-khn
trong t-tng v li ni:
a.- V phi ngi tha hi, vo v-th ca ngi i hc o, cn phi gi
l- i vi ngi m mnh tha-thnh. Thi- ng-n l nu ra cc cu
hi cho r-rng, ch-trng n ch mnh cn nghi-ng cha c gii r. V
khi nghe li ging-gii, phi lng lng, ch-tm, chng vi chp-nhn, cng
chng bi-bc ngay, nu c ch cha kp hiu, th xin c minh-chng
thm bng cc th-d c-th trong i sng hng ngy.

b.- V phi ngi c hi, chng bao gi khi ln trong lng mnh mt
cht -ngh t-ho cn-con no rng mnh bit o hn ngi kia, nu
chng ng lm Thy th cng l ngi i trc. V khi ging-gii, phi ty
theo cn-c ca ngi nghe m dng li-l gin-d, r-rng, d hiu, km
theo cc th-d trong thc-t.
4.- Trong mt cuc tho-lun v cc vn- o-gio, c hai iu m k hi
v ngi p cn nn trnh, th mi xng-danh l mt cuc tho-lun ngn v hu-ch.
a.- V pha ngi hi, ch bao gi c hu- mun dn k i-thoi vo ...
ng b. Trn a-ht tm-linh, c nhiu vn- m chnh c Pht gi l
bt-kh t-ngh, ngha l chng th ngh-bn c vi li-l ca th-gian.
ng i-hi c cho c nhng bng-c tht c-th, tai nghe mt thy, c
thc-nghim ca khoa-hc chng-minh, ri mi chp-nhn. iu mnh
chng tin c, trong khung-cnh thi-gian v khng-gian hin-ti, cha
chc hn l chng th no c c, bit u li l mt s-tht ti mt
cnh-gii khc, vo mt thi khc. Th cho nn, thi- khoa-hc chnchnh l phi t ra d-dt, ch vi bc-b hon-ton m chng cu-xt k li
kh-nng thng-hiu ca tr-c con ngi.
b.- V pha ngi ng vai-tr hng-dn, tng cng chng nn a ra
''ti-hu-th'': ti ni nh th, c tin th tu theo, cn chng tin, th c gi ly
quan-nim ca mnh vy. Ngi tha hi thnh-tm mun c gii ch cn
hoi-nghi, nghe cu ni rt chn-nn, v o-tm v th m li st. Li
na, cng ng nn dng lun cu ni qu d-dng ny: ti ni th, o-hu
c c i, tng i, thi-hnh theo i, ri s c ngy hiu r c -ngha suxa m o-hu mun hi. Ngi hi ang ch i mt vi cu khuyn thct, i li ging-gii gn-gng v -ngha ch cn ang thc-mc, lm sao
m tip-tc c-tng thm c, nu ch h-nghi cn cha c gii-to.
Tng chng c chi l ng h-thn khi chnh mnh nhn thy mnh cn
cha li-l phn-tch iu ang c hi, sao li chng thnh-tht
nhn nhn s thiu-st ca mnh v mi ngi hi tm n mt bc cao-minh
khc?
5.- V trong mi trng-hp, ch chng c l ch trong cc dp tho-lun m
thi, lun lun nn gi thi- ci-m, n nhn mi l-l, -- tin hay chng
chu tin, l quyn t-do t-tng ring bn trong ca mnh -- hy lng
nghe cho ngi i-thoi c c-hi trnh-by lp-trng. Thi- ng

trch nht l c-chp, m gi kh kh cc -kin, cc cm-ngh c-nhn, v


c cc thnh-kin!
Thin Nht xin thnh-tm sm-hi qu di-dng khi nu ra nhiu -kin
th-thin ca mnh. Xin ng du ngoc li v quay v k tip cu chuyn
gia vua Di-Lan v t-kheo Na-Tin.
*
105.- Dc ng, Trim-Di-Li c Na-Tin khai-ng .
Lc by gi tri sp ti, nh Vua mun quay v cung. Hm sau, Vua sai
quan hu-cn Trim-Di-Li i thnh Na-Tin n n vua cng-dng
trai-tng v tha hi v Pht-php. Na-Tin cng vi tm mi v t-kheo
ln ng n hong-cung.
Dc ng, Trim-Di-Li nh li cuc ni chuyn hm qua gia Vua v
Na-Tin, mi tha cng Na-Tin:
- Bch Ngi, hm qua, Ngi c bo, chng c g l Na-Tin c, ti cn cha
hiu, mong Ngi ch-dy thm cho.
- Theo ng, th ci g l Na-Tin?
- C l hi th ra vo chnh l Na-Tin.
- Hi th c ra m chng vo, th con ngi th no?
- Hi th ra m chng vo li, mng sng con ngi chm dt.
- Th th, cc ngi thi kn, thi ng b l rn, thi t-v, khi thi hi ra,
hi c tr vo chng?
- Bch, khng?
- Cc ngi thi c v th m cht i chng?
- Bch, khng; h chng v th m cht. Xin Ngi ch-dy r thm.
- Hi th ra vo l mt phn-vic trong c-th; cng nh trong tm c
th li ni ra li; l phn-vic ca tm v ca li. Mi b-phn trong

thn-tm u c phn-vic c, khi nhn k li th l Khng, l rng-rang,


chng c g l Na-Tin c.
Trim-Di-Li nghe xong, tm lin khai-ng.
(Tiu-mc s 017, bn Phng-dch, va c nhc li trn y, nhm nu
ln l-do ti sao chng c g l Na-Tin c, v gii-thch thm l v-ng:
trong thn-tm do nm un tp-hp li ny, chng h c ci g gi l
''Ta'',''Ng'' c. Bnh-dn cn m-tn tin-tng rng mi ngi c mt linhhn bt-dit, c u-thai li lm ngi tri qua nhiu kip sng cht. ''Ta''
chng c, m c ''linh-hn'' cng chng c; chng qua v m-tn, v t-kin,
m vng-mc phi -tng sai-lm ny l coi trong thn-tm nh c ci
''Ta'', c ci ''linh-hn''. T-kin gi l thn-kin, hoc ng-kin.)
Sau khi, ch Tng an-to, c Vua t tay si cm v st thc-phm dnghin ln cho T-kheo Na-Tin. Tip theo ba th-trai, nh Vua sai mang o
ca-sa v giy ra cng-dng Tng-on. K , nh Vua truyn lnh cho cc
qu-nhn trong hu-cung phi ra ngoi thng-in, ngi sau mn, theo
di cuc php-m gia Ngi v Ti-kheo Na-Tin. (y l ho- rt ng
khen ca nh Vua mun cho cc phi-tn trong hu-cung cng c dp hc-hi
thm v Chnh-Php).
*
106.- Sp-xp li cc loi cu hi v Gio-Php .
n y, Thin-Nht va k xong Phn I ca quyn T-kheo Na-Tin. Tip
theo xin tm-tt Phn II ca quyn sch l phn quan-trng ni n cc cu
hi v li gii-p gia Di-Lan v Na-Tin.
Rt kh sp-xp li cc vn- o-php m Vua Di-Lan ln-lt nu ln
hi T-kheo Na-Tin. Nhiu cu hi c nhc i nhc li nhiu ln
nhiu on khc nhau. Th-d nh vn- i tu lm sa-mn, vn- ti-sanh,
vn- Tr-hu, v.v...
Tng-cng tt c c hn 80 cu hi, c th tm chia lm mi vn- sau
y:
I.- Ti sao i tu lm sa-mn?
II.- S ti-sanh, nghip-lc, v thuyt Lun-hi;
III.- Phn-bit cc iu thin v c;

IV.- 37 Phm Tr o;
V.- Tr-hu;
VI.- Cc loi cm-th;
VII.- c o v ci Nit-bn;
VIII.- Pht;
IX.- Con ''Ngi'' v l-thuyt v-ng;
X.- Cc cu hi linh-tinh v kin-thc tng-qut.
Ni Bn Mc-Lc c ghi r cc tiu-mc v cc trang c lin-quan n
mi vn- va nu trn y.
Trong Phn Tm hiu Ngha , Thin Nht xin mn php chng theo ng
th-t tng trang mt, trong Bn Phng-dch, m li ln-lt xt theo cc
vn- nu trn y; xin ngi c chu phin tra-cu li chnh-vn trong
bn Phng-dch, nu thy cn.
-----*----I.- Vn-: i tu lm Sa-mn
107.- Ti sao i tu lm sa-mn?
Vn- tu-hnh, i vi ngi cn ti nh v i vi cc bc xut-gia, l
vn- quan-trng bc nht; v l vua Di-Lan nu ln cu hi ny,
trc vi v sa-mn D-Ho-La, v sau li t vn- y vi T-kheo NaTin, hn mt ln.
Ni tiu-mc s 010, phn Phng-dch, nh Vua hi sa-mn D-Ho-La, v
sao co u i tu lm sa-mn. V s ny p:
- Chng ti hc hnh trung-chnh ca o Pht, i ny c phc, i sau
cng c phc; v l , ti xung tc, co ru, mc o c-sa lm sa-mn.
L-do i tu lm sa-mn, y, c S D-Ho-La nu ln l c
phc i ny v i sau. l tu phc. Phc l phc g? ''c
phc'' l cuc sng trong hin-ti v trong tng-lai c nhiu may-mn,
sung-sng, th-d nh c giu-c, thot khi mi tai-nn, thn-tm c
an-lc v gia-quyn chng b kh-s, v.v. S hng-th hnh-phc
c xem nh ''phn thng'' b-p cho cng kh-nhc tu-hnh;
''phn-thng'' y c gi l ''phc'', u dnh cho c hai hng ngi tu
ti-gia v bc xut-gia, khi noi theo ng ''hnh trung-chnh''. Hnh-

phc do u m c? l v trong i ny tu-hnh, trnh cc iu c,


lm nhiu iu lnh, to nn thin-nghip, nn theo Lut Nhn-qu c
hng phc lnh, ngay trong hin-i c k khc mn-yu, knh-n, v
trong kip v-lai, c sanh li vo ni cao-sang, quyn-qu.
Nhng mc-ch tu-hnh ca bc xut-gia chn-chnh, ngoi vic c
phc nh ngi tu ti-gia, cn cao-su hn na. Cao-su im no? Bc
xut-gia li cuc sng rng-buc trong gia-nh, i tu ct l c giithot? Sao gi l gii-thot, ai hay ci g rng-buc mnh m phi tm s
gii-thot? mang thn-tm nm un ny th phi chu kh, ci kh chng
cha mt ai, t lc sanh ra, ln ln, gi, bnh, cht; thng nhau chng gp
nhau; ght nhau phi gn nhau, cu m chng c; cc ni Kh c k
y- trongKh- ni bn Kinh Chuyn Php-Lun. Chnh v mun i
ny trnh cc ni Kh v i sau chng phi mang li cc ni Kh
na, m cc bc xut-gia mi tu-tp theo hnh sa-mn. (Xin xem li cc
tiu-mc s 018; s 085, bn Phng-dch).
V li, phc m ngi tu ti-gia c hng i ny v c i sau na, l
phc hu-lu, (hu = c; lu = r chy) hng rit ri c ngy s cn, v
khi ht phc s phi b kh-s tr li, nht l cn cha c gii-thot v
phi ti-sanh li trong cnh Lun-hi. Cn phc m bc tu-hnh mong
c hng l phc c gii-thot hon-ton, vt khi vng sanh-t ca
Lun-hi. Phc gi l phc v-lu, (v = chng c), hng hoi chng
bao gi dt, v mt khi c hon-ton gii-thot ri th chng c vsanh, (v = chng c, sanh = y l ti-sanh, sanh tr li); chng cn phi
ln-n trong vic cht i, sng li, cht i ... na, chu Kh.
Vi s phn-bit gia hai loi phc, hu-lu v v-lu, cng mc-ch thp
v cao gia hai hng tu-hnh ti-gia v xut-gia, gi y ta thy r v sao S
D-Ho-La ''thua'' vua Di-Lan. S tht-bi trong cuc i-p, ch v S
cha phn-bit c phc hu-lu ca k tu ti nh, vi phc v-lu ca
bc xut-gia; v nht l mc-ch cao-c ca vic xut-gia: gii-thot khi
cnh Lun-hi, trnh mi s Kh, ch chng phi ch mong c sungsng trong i ny v i sau m thi u.
V y cng l dp ta phn-bit thm vic tu phc v vic tu hu. Tu hu
khc vi tu phc ch l nhm pht-trin Tr-Hu, khi theo ng Tam Vlu-hc (= ba mn hc v-lu, gip ta n ni gic-ng v gii-thot: Gii,
nh, Hu). Nh gi Gii thanh-tnh, thn-tm thng an-lc, nn tm d
c nh. Nh tm an-nh m Tr-Hu c pht-trin. Nh Tr-Hu sng-

sut mi ct t c cc loi phin-no, chm-dt s luyn-i, m chng


c v-sanh, vnh-vin thot khi vng ln-qun kh-s ca Lun-hi.
c Pht c tn-xng l bc Lng-Tc-Tn, tc l v thc-hin y c hai Phc v Hu (lng= hai; tc= y-; tn = tn-trng).
*
108.- C my hng sa-mn?
Ni tiu-mc s 018, T-kheo Na-Tin c nu ln bn hng ngi i tu theo
hnh sa-mn: (1) ngi v n-nn; (2) ngi v s quan-quyn; (3) ngi v
ngho-kh; v (4) ngi mun dt b mi kh-nhc i ny, i sau. V Tkheo Na-Tin cho bit, mnh i tu lm sa-mn l v cu o.
Ba hng ngi trc i tu, ch v mun trn trnh, hoc n-nn, hoc b rcri ca quan, hoc v qu ngho-kh. Trn vic i mi i tu, mc-ch
ny chng my chnh-ng. Cng nh cc ngi v tht-vng, tnh-duyn
d-dang, s-nghip tiu-tan, mi vo cha tm ngun an-i; vic xut-gia
nh th kh m bn lu c; h ni au-kh c ngui-ngoai ri l kh
m chng nh v quay li vi vic i th-gian. S xut-gia cn c t
trn cn-bn: thy r v hiu thu cc ni Kh th-gian, quyt lng ct t
mi rng-buc gia-nh v x-hi, tm cho bng c con ng giithot. C v cu o, th o-tm mi vng-bn, tinh-tn tu n ngy gicng.
(V -ngha ca hai ch sa-mn v t-kheo, xin ngi c chu phin xem
li Phn Tm hiu Ngha Ch.)
-----*----II.- Vn-: Ti-sanh Lun-hi
109.- Vn- ti-sanh c nu ln nhiu ln trong quyn T-kheo NaTin .
-mc quan-trng th nh, thng c nhc i nhc li trong quyn ''Tkheo Na-Tin'' ny l vn- ti-sanh. Xuyn qua bn Phng-dch, ta thy
Vua Di-Lan nu vn- ny tt c mi bn ln, mi ln vi mt khacnh khc, v ri-rc khp quyn sch:

Cc tiu-mc s 019; s 037; s 038; s 043; s 044; s 045; s 047; s 049;


s 050; s 070; s 071, 072; s 073; v s 087.
Theo cc tiu-mc va c lit-k trn y, quyn ''T-kheo Na-Tin''
xt vn- ti-sanh di cc kha-cnh sau y:
1.- Ti sao phi sanh tr li? Ai phi sanh tr li, cn ai th chng phi sanh
tr li na? Ngi ht ti-sanh li c t-bit u chng? Vua hi NaTin c bit mnh cn phi ti-sanh na khng?
2.- Khi ti-sanh, dng thn c hay c thn mi? Ch lm thin-c nay i
v u? Thn mi c mang theo nghip c chng? Th no l Danh-Sc
trin-chuyn theo thi-gian, tng theo cc nguyn-nhn dy chuyn?
3.- Ci ''gc sanh-t '' ca con ngi l g?
4.- Cht cng lc, c n ni ti-sanh cng mt lc khng?
5.- Th-gian c s-vt no t-nhin m sanh ra chng?
*
110.- Thc-mc ln: Cht ri, i v u?
Trc khi tm hiu Ngha ca cc tiu-mc ni trn, xin c php xt
qua hai im thc-mc ln thng thy: (1) Cht ri, s i v u? (2) C
''hin-tng'' ti-sanh tht-s hay khng?
Vi mng sng hin nay trung-bnh vo khong su, by mi nm, con
ngi thng thc-mc t-hi: Khi cht ri, s i v u? Khoa-hc, trong
hin-trng, cn cha c cu tr li dt-khot. Ty theo gio-l v tn-iu
ring-bit, i vi hin-tng ''sau ci cht'', cc tn-gio c lm cch
gii-thch khc nhau.
Pht-gio khng-nh vi thuyt Lun-hi rng, chng-sanh sau i sng
hin-ti, ty theo s dn-dt ca nghip-lc, do cc hnh-vi thin-c qua
gy nn, m ti-sanh li vo mt trong su no: ba ng d: (1)a-ngc,
(2) ng-qu v (3)sc-sanh) v ba ng lnh: (4) ci Ngi, (5) ci Thn,
v (6) ci Tri). Ch tr nhng bc tu-hnh c-o, nghip-lc dt hn
v chng c v-sanh (v= chng; sanh= sanh li, y l ti-sanh) an-

ngh trong cnh vng-lng ca Nit-bn vnh-cu, mi chng cn ti-sanh


na.
(Vi s trnh-by qu s-lc v l-thuyt Lun-hi nh trn y, chc-chn
chng th no gii-ta c ni thc-mc to-ln v cu hi ''Cht ri, i v
u?'' Tuy nhin cn-bn ca vn- c lin-quan n cc cnh-gii ngoi
vng th-tc, nh cnh a-ngc, cnh Tri, cho nn chng th dng li-l
v bng-c c-th ci i ny m minh-chng c. Thi- khn-kho
i vi mi l-thuyt l nn ci-m, chng bc-b hn, m cng chng
chp-nhn ngay, c nn ... b ng, ''ch v xem''! ).
*
111.- C ''hin-tng'' ti-sanh hay khng?
Cu hi v ti-sanh va nu trn y rt kh m c hn mt li p r-rng,
thng-thn vi y- cc chng-minh ca khoa-hc hin-i c. Ti sao?
V ''hin-tng'' ti-sanh din ra chng phi ch ti th-gian ny, m cn
cc cnh-gii khc, bn kia th-gii na. (Gi l ''hin-tng'', mt bin-c
tht-s c xy ra trong mt khung-cnh khng-gian v thi-gian no ).
Cng v l , trong quyn ''T-kheo Na-Tin'', ta u thy ''vn- vic tisanh c tht hay khng?'' c t ra; tri li, tc-gi xem l mt s-vic
d-nhin, v mc-nhin chp-nhn rng hin-tng ti-sanh l c tht, ri
bn ngay n cc kha-cnh khc ca ti-sanh nh, ai phi ti-sanh, khi tisanh ci g cn, ci g mt, v.v... Phi chng l mt thi- da theo mt
s tin-tng tin-thin, chng cn chng-minh, c xem vn- ti-sanh l
mt hin-tng thin-nhin, mt s-vic t-nhin, h cht i ri tt phi c
sanh tr li trong vng Lun-hi. cng ta nh i vi loi tho-mc, h
gi ci, c tri, c ht, th ht ging s ny mm sanh cy khc tip-tc
chng-loi mi mi.
Hin-tng ti-sanh c tht hay chng c tht? Qu tnh, vi kh-nng tr-c
ca con ngi trong hin-ti y chng th no tr li chnh-xc v dtkhot c. Ti sao? Th phn-tch vic ti-sanh ra lm ba giai-on: (1) c
mt c-th cht i ti th-gian ny; (2) c-th , trong thi-gian chng cn
c mt th-gian, c bin-i ti mt cnh-gii no , c c mt
thn-tm mi khc; (3) s sanh ra i ca mt c-th sau khi c bin-i,
hoc th-gian, hoc mt cnh-gii khc. Trong ba giai-on , tr-c
con ngi th-gian, ch nhn-thy r rng c c hai: mt, khi cht v
mt, khi sanh. Cn vic qu-quyt rng chnh c-th cht nay sanh li

di thn-th mi ny, th vt khi s hiu-bit ca tm-tr bnh-thng.


Th cho nn, chng th no c c mt cu tr li dt-khot bng li-l
ca th-tc.
Gio-l Pht-hc cn-c trn li dy ca c Pht Thch-ca mu-ni tuynb khi Ngi c o ti B- o-trng rng, vi thin-nhn-thng, Ngi
nhn thy chng-sanh cht ni ny ti-sanh li ni kia, trong vng Lun-hi
kh-s v ln-qun. Li tuyn-b rt r-rng ny cn-c trn kinh-nghim
bn-thn ca c Pht ngay sau khi Ngi va c gic-ng v gii-thot
hon-ton. Li tuyn-b y gii-ta c ni thc-mc ''Cht ri, i v u?''
cho nhng ai tin-tng vo Gio-l nh Pht; v d nhin i vi mt bc
i-s nh tc-gi quyn ''Na-Tin T-kheo Kinh'' ny, th vic ti-sanh c
xem nh mt s-tht c tht chng cn phi bn-ci na; v v l m
quyn sch ny chng t li vn- ti-sanh c tht hay l chng c tht.
i vi nhng ai cu-xt vn- y theo nhn-quan lnh-lng v khchquan ca khoa-hc, ch c vic tin hay l chng tin vo li tuyn-b ca c
Pht m thi; nhng xin c php nhc li ln na, i vi cc ngi cha
tin hay chng tin, ch vi bc-b, nn c mt thi- d-dt, b-ng, ''ch v
xem''.
*
112.- Ci g mt, ci g cn, khi cht i?
Con ngi th-gian khi nhn vo ngi cht, bit r thn-xc y s tan-r,
cn phn tm-linh, vn v-hnh, chng bit chc c ri s ra th no, cn
hay mt.
i vi ngi m-tn, phn ''linh-hn'' vn bt-dit s thot ra khi thn-xc
v i u-thai, hoc sanh tr li th-gian, hoc c ln Thin-ng, hay
b a xung a-ngc. S tin-tng vo mt ''linh-hn bt-dit '' cha thy
c chng-minh y- vi bng-c c-th, cho nn Pht-hc xem y l
mt t-kin c gi l thng-kin, ngha l mt -kin sai-lm cho rng
ni thn-tm con ngi c sn mt phn tinh-ty, ct-li, chng h bindit; l ''ngi'' ri, th bao gi cng l ''ngi'' mi, cho du sng ti y,
hay hin-din ni cc cnh-gii khc.
Tri ngc hn vi thng-kin, c on-kin, cng l mt t-kin cho rng,
mt khi cht i, th cng vi s tan-r ca thn-th, phn tm-linh cng tanr v tiu-dit theo, chng cn g tn-ti c: cht l ht! y l s tin-tng

ca phn ng dn-chng thin-cn thy thy cht v-tri nm bt-ng, lin


cho chng cn g na c.
Thng-kin v on-kin u ph-nhn vic ti-sanh, bc-b vic tu-hnh
trong hin-i v s a n hu-qu tai-hi: sng-cht mi trong thn-phn
kh nhiu, sng t ca chng-sanh.
*
113.- Ti sao phi ti-sanh li? Ai phi ti-sanh li, cn ai chng phi tisanh na?
Sau khi trnh-by hai im thc-mc ln v ci cht v ti-sanh, (chng thy
sch ''T-kheo Na-Tin'' ny c bn n), gi y xin c tip-tc tm-lc
v tm hiu -ngha cc t-tng nu trong cuc m-lun gio-php gia
nh vua v v tu-s.
Ni tiu-mc s 019, Phn Phng-dch, Vua Di-Lan c hi Na-Tin:
- Ai cn phi ti-sanh li, v ai chng cn sanh li?
Na-tin p:
- Ngi quyn-luyn nim n-i nhiu, lm s ham-mun th sanh li i
sau; ngi dt sch s n-i, b ht mi ham-mun, th i sau chng
phi sanh tr li.
Cu tr li ca T-kheo Na-Tin rt r-rng v dt-khot: ai cn (1)quynluyn s n-i, (2)lm s ham-mun, th phi ti-sanh tr li i sau.
Quyn-luyn s n-i l g? n-i tr vo mi tnh gia v-chng, hoc s
tru-mn gia nam-n. S ham-mun, y, ch vo tt c nhng thamvng v i-hi cn cha c tho-mn; mt cch tng-qut, cn s hammun l cn mun c sng lu thm na, c th c hng-th
nhng iu mnh hng m-c.
Vua Di-Lan li hi thm:
- Cn ngi mt lng nim Chnh-Php, nim thin, c tr-hu v sing lm
iu thin, cng chng sanh li i sau, phi khng?
Na-Tin p:

- Ngi ly nht-tm nim Chnh-Php, nim thin, nim tr-hu, v cc


iu lnh khc, nh i sau chng phi sanh tr li.
Nht-tm nim Chnh-Php, nim thin, nim tr-hu v cc iu lnh, l
cch th hai khi phi ti-sanh li chu kh trong ci Lun-hi. Nht-tm
nim Chnh-Php ngha l g? l: mt lng c chuyn-ch nh ngh n
Chnh-Php v tun-hnh theo. Chnh-Php dy ta ba mn hc v-lu: Gii,
nh, Hu; v tun-hnh theo Chnh-Php th phi gi gii (trong c s
dt hn vic dm-dc) cho tm thanh-tnh, sm c nh-lc v pht-trin
tr-h. y l vic tu hu nh ta bit tiu-mc s 107, va ni trn.
Nh tr-hu m ct t mi s tham-luyn, do mi chm-dt c s tisanh; theo nh li Na-Tin gii-thch tip theo: ''Vng tng thy vic gt
la chng? Tay tri cm b la. Tay phi ct t cc cng la. Tr-hu con
ngi ct t c s tham-i, cng nh ta gt la, ct la vy...''
*
114.- Ngi ht ti-sanh li c t-bit iu chng?
T tiu-mc s 019, ta phi nhy n tiu-mc s 038,Phn Phng-dch,
c th tr li cu hi va nu trong tiu-mc s 114 trn y. Vua hi NaTin:
- C ngi chng sanh li i sau khng, v c t-bit c vic chng
sanh li y chng?
- D nhin, c ngi nh th, t bit mnh chng cn ti-sanh.
V Na-Tin a ra mt th-d v ngi nng-phu c la d-tr nm trc,
nm nay chng trng la na, th t bit mnh chc-chn chng c la mi.
Th-d gin-d ny hm cha mt -tng su-xa. Y-tng g? H c gieo
m, trng la, th mi c thc mi. Gieo m y hm cha -tng h gieo
nhn, th c qu l thc mi. Ngi dt hn s tham-i, vic dm-dc, b
mi ham mun, th chng gieo nhn na, nn u cn phi chu hu-qu
phi ti-sanh vo i sau; no c khc chi k nng-phu kia chng gieo m
th lm g c la mi phi gt vo nm ti.
Ri Na-Tin kt-lun:
- Ngi c-o cng li nh th, t bit rng dt b n-i, sngkh, chng cn tham-tm, do bit r i sau chng sanh li.

*
115.- Vua hi Na-Tin c bit mnh cn phi ti-sanh na khng?
Ti tiu-mc s 044, nh Vua hi thng Na-Tin:
- Na-Tin nay c sanh tr li i sau khng?
y l mt cu hi thng-thn, ch i mt cu tr li minh-bch rng ''c''
hay ''khng c''. Nhng cu tr li ca Na-Tin dng nh chng p-ng
ng hn vo hu- ca nh Vua. Ti sao? Na-Tin p:
- Li i-Vng hi ti y, trc ti p ri: Nu nh ti cn c s luluyn v n-i, th i sau s sanh tr li; cn nu dt c s n-i, th ti
chng sanh li na.
p nh th, mi nghe qua, tng nh l li ni ''phn hai'' chng ququyt rng mnh dt c s n-i khi ti-sanh, m cng chng ni
chc rng mnh vn cn s n-i. Nhng nu ta ngh su-xa thm mt cht
na, s thy ch thnh-tht v kho-lo ca T-kheo Na-Tin trong li p.
Thnh-tht ch no? Vic chm-dt s n-i ca mnh, chnh mnh mnh
bit ly, c ni thng ra, ly chi lm bng-c, ri ai ''lm chng'' cho mnh?
V l , Na-Tin mi dng ch ''nu'' trong cu tr li. Kho-lo ch no?
Nu ni toc ra rng t lu mnh dt hn s n-i v nay mnh chngc c v-sanh ri, (chng cn ti-sanh na), th l li -- tuy thnh-tht
-- nhng vn mang t nhiu s khoe-khoang mnh c-o.
Ngy nay, ta thy lm hnh-gi thiu chn-chnh ru-rao chng c o
ny qu kia, tng nn xem k li li p ca Na-Tin.
*
116.- Khi ti-sanh, dng thn c hay c thn mi?
Xin tr li tiu-mc s 037, Phn Phng-dch, cu-xt vn- va nu.
Vua hi Na-Tin:
- Ngi cht ri i theo hng cc ng thin v c, c phi ly thn-tm c
sanh ra li, hay l dng thn-tm mi?

- Cng chng phi ly thn-tm c sanh ra li, m cng chng phi li b


thn-tm c.
Cu tr li ny ca Na-Tin rt thm-su, tng nn suy-gm thm cho cnthn, v c lin-quan n hai vn-: ti-sanh, v khi cht i, ci g cn, ci
g mt.
Trc ht, ta nn xt qua ch ''thn-tm''. Trong Pht-hc, ch thn-tm tr
vo s kt-hp ca nm un (cn gi l nm m, tc l nm nhm): sc-un,
th-un, tng-un, hnh-un, v thc-un, to nn mt c-th (tc l mt
chng-sanh). Sc-un l phn vt-cht, thn, tc l thn-th, do bn i c:
(1) cht cng (gi l i, t), (2) cht lng (thy, nc), (3) cht kh
(phong, gi) v (4) hi nng (ho, la) m lp thnh. Cn tm l phn tinhthn do s tp-hp ca bn un: th-un (cc tnh-cm), tng-un (cc trigic), hnh-un (cc -ngh bin-chuyn bn trong) v thc-un (cc s
hiu-bit). Nh mi ngi u bit chc, khi cht i, phn thn tan r, cc
yu-t tr v vi bn i. Cn phn tm, v lc sng phi da theo phn vtcht ca thn m sanh-hot, nn khi thn mt, th tm cng tan-r theo. Vn quan-trng l cc yu-t ca tm, c yu-t no cn, yu-t no mt, v
i v u? Gio-l nh Pht, c hai tng Nam v Bc u cho rng cc yut ca tm khi cht i th lin ha tan vo h-khng. Ring gio-l Bc-tng
ni r hn, trong thc-un c mt phn ca A-li-da-thc, cn gi l tngthc, chu nh-hng ca nghip-lc dn-dt n mt trong su no thin-c
ca Lun-hi. Nghip-lc l g? l nh-hng ca cc hnh-ng c-
qua ca c-th lc cn sng, vn cn tn-ti tim-tng, nay pht-ng li v
a n vic ti-sanh; v l nn Bc-Tng cn gi thc A-li-da l
nghip-thc, ni tng-tr nh-hng cc hnh-nghip (hnh-vi c- c). S
tn-ti ca thc A-li-da s d c c l v thc ny cha cc chng-t (=
ht ging); (chng-t ch l mt ting sung thi, c dng tng-trng,
ch nh-hng ca hnh-ng c- c).
K n l ch Nghip, ting Sanskrit l Karma, ting Pali l Kamma, bao
gm nh-hng ca (1)thn-nghip, hnh-ng c- ca thn, (2)khunghip, li ni c-, (3)-nghip, t-tng c eo ui mi trong lng. Mt
hnh-vi c- du qua ri, nhng nh-hng ca n c th pht-ng
trong hin-ti, cng nh trong tng-lai; v l nghip-lc mi pht-sanh
dn-dt i theo cc ''ng thin v c'', nh li ca Vua Di-Lan ni, khi hi
T-kheo Na-Tin.

Tr li cu tr li ca Na-Tin, ''chng phi thn-tm c sanh li, m cng


chng phi li b thn-tm c'', ta thy T-kheo Na-Tin mun nhn mnh
n mi lin-quan mt-thit gia thn-tm c v thn-tm mi: (1) thn-tm
mi y chng phi hon-ton l do thn-tm c sanh tr li, nhng phi
chu nh-hng nng-n ca thn-tm c; (2) gia thn-tm c v thn-tm
mi va c s lin-tc, va c s bin-i.
V im (1), ai ai cng bit chc, chng th no bo rng mt thn-tm c
khi gn cht v mt thn-tm mi khi sanh ra, c hai u ch l mt thn-tm
cho c.
V im (2), s lin-tc gia hai thn-tm, vi s bin-i gia thn-tm c
tr thnh thn-tm mi, T-kheo Na-Tin a ra nm th-d chngminh. Th-d th nht l, trong khi sng, thn-tm lc cn b khc hn thntm lc trng-thnh, tuy khc nhng vn l mt, vi cc s bin-i theo
nm thng ln ln. Th-d th hai l, c s lin-tc gia hai thn-tm c v
mi, chng h c mt c-th no khc xen vo gia hai thn-tm y; cng v
nh ngi hc sch th k ngi bn cnh chng th nhn ly cng c sch
ca ngi y c. Th-d th ba: cng v nh ngi phm ti, u c
th bt k v-ti chu hnh-pht thay cho mnh c. Th-d th t: li v
nh ngn n c du chy n sng, t u hm, n na m cho n
gn sng, vn l mt ngn n, mc du nh-sng lu-m hay t- rng mi
lc c khc nhau. Th-d th nm: s bin-i ca sa, t sa ti, qua kem,
qua b ri thnh ph-mt; lm sao ly ph-mt bin tr ngc li thnh
sa ti cho c.
Nm th-d k trn c T-kheo Na-Tin dng chng-minh s bin-i
trong tinh-thn con ngi: ''Tinh-thn con ngi c trin-chuyn tip ni
nhau... mt ci i th mt ci n. Con ngi tng theo tinh-thn t lc sanh
ra cho ti gi, n khi cht, tinh-thn li mt ln na hng v no sanh, ri
trin-chuyn lin-tc mi...''
Li gii-p ca T-kheo Na-Tin c vua Di-Lan khen ngi l Lnh thay!
Lnh thay!, nhng tr thin-cn ca Thin-Nht thy cn cha c thomn hon-ton. Ti sao? Na-Tin dng ch tinh-thn ch s lin-tc gia
thn-tm c v thn-tm mi, danh-t ny qu tng-qut, cn cha c rrng bng li gii-p trong Gio-l Bc-Tng: trong phn tm-linh, c yut thc; trong yu-t thc, c phn A-li-da thc dung cha cc chng-t (=
nh-hng ca cc hnh-ng c- c) vn cn tim-tng ch c-duyn
ti pht-ng, khin cho xy ra vic ti-sanh di mt thn-tm mi cn

chu nh-hng nng-n ca thn-tm c. Nu bo rng, chc g thc A-lida cn tn-ti khi cht i, th Thin-Nht chng kh-nng chng-minh
c s tn-ti ; nhng tr nng-cn ca mnh vn thy rng mt hnh-vi
c- xy ra, nh-hng ca n chng th no tiu-dit ht c. Du c
gi nh-hng l g, nghip-lc hoc Karma, hay Kamma, g g i na,
nh-hng y vn cn , tr khi c-duyn cha y- nn cha kp phtsanh, hay chng pht-sanh c m thi. Nu hnh-gi chuyn-tm lm vic
thin, th cc vic c u c c-hi ny sanh cho mnh, v cc iu thin
mnh lm cng c th thay-i c nh-hng ca cc hnh-vi sai-lm c.
Tuy cui tiu-mc s 037, Vua Di-Lan c li khen: Lnh thay! Lnh thay!
nh th, nhng Thin-Nht phng-on nh Vua cha hn hon-ton thamn, v tip theo ni tiu-mc s 043, nh Vua t li vn- mt ln na,
vi T-kheo Na-Tin:
- Con ngi cht ri, khi sanh li i sau, l ai vy?
- Danh v Thn sanh li i sau.
- Danh c v Thn c ca ngi y sanh li chng?
- Chng phi nh vy. Chng phi Danh c, cng chng phi Thn c gi
ly thn-tm ny i nay lm iu thin c cho n i sau, m sanh ra li
u.
- Nh khin dng thn-tm ny lm iu thin, iu c i ny, ri i sau
chng sanh li, th c ht sc lm iu thin, iu c cng c thot ht,
chng phi chu kh li na hay sao?
- Ni i ny lm u thin, th i sau chng sanh li na, lin c giithot. Cn ngi chng ngng lm iu thin, iu c th phi sanh li v
sau, cho nn chng c gii-thot.
c ti y, ta thy li gii-p ca Na-Tin cn vp phi hai ch chng
c r-rng: (1) chng ni r Danh l g? v Thn l g? (2) bo: chng
phi Danh, Thn c gi ly thn-tm ny, m sanh li i sau. V im
(1), mi n trang 35 Bn Phng-dch, ni tiu-mc s 045, ta mi thy
nh-ngha ca hai danh-t Danh v Thn. V im (2), cu tr li cn cha
trn-vn ca Na-Tin: ''chng phi thn-tm c sanh tr li'', khin Vua
Di-Lan vi rt ra mt h-lun (sai-lm): nu thn-tm c chng sanh li, th
c vic ht-sc lm cc iu c, ri cng c thot ht.

Nhng mc-ch ca tiu-mc s 043 ang cu-xt y chng phi l nhc


li ci g cn, ci g mt ca thn-tm c, khi thn-tm mi sanh ra? m
chng-minh rng: thn-tm c l cn-bn cho vic ti-sanh li. Nh th
ngha l sao? Na-Tin dng mt lot su th-d c-th chng-minh
mt cch gin-tip: cn-bn ca vic ti-sanh, chnh l v thn-tm i ny
lm cc iu thin-c cho nn phi ti-sanh li.
Su th-d no? l: (1) trm tri cy; (2) trm thc; (3) t la chy nh;
(4) t uc chy thnh; (5) tin snh-l ci v; (6) sa chua. c k li
su th-d -- m Na-Tin kho chn trong cc vic tranh-tng m nh
Vua thng gp phi khi phn-x -- ta thy mi th-d c s tranh-chp
gia mt ngi gieo nhn, v mt ngi dnh ly vic gt qu: (1) mt
anh trng cy, cn mt anh hi trm qu; (2) mt ngi gieo m trng lu, b
k kia gt ht thc, (3) ch n t la si m, li la bc lan ra chy
nh mnh cn thiu lun ngi lu bn cnh; (4) tn kia t uc sng n
cm nh mnh, la bng ln thiu hy lun c mt thnh-ph; (5) cu
ny mang snh-l xin ci mt c b, b chng n ci tranh khi nng con
gi y n tui trng-thnh; (6) mt k mua sa ti gi li ch nui b,
sau n ly, trch sao ch b li i ra sa chua. t bo-cha, su ngi
lm si-quy a ra mt lp-lun rt l... bun ci: (1) ti hi tri, ch
no trm cy ca anh; (2) ti gt thc, ch no ng g n lu-m anh
gieo; (3) la ti t trong nh ti, ti u t lu anh kia; (4) la chy thnhth bng to ln no phi l la nh ca ti t trong nh; (5) ti nay i
ci c thiu-n ny, no lin-h g vi a b trc kia anh cu-hn; (6)
sa lc ti gi th ti ch u c chua nh by gi. Tht l bun ci cho
h, v khi lp-lun, h chng chu nhn thy r-rng nguyn-nhn trc
kia lm cn-bn cho vic sanh ra hu-qu ngy nay. V sau mi th-d
bun ci , Na-Tin u a ra mt kt-lun rt nghim-trang, hm-sc
mt chn-l su-xa m l-tr ngi thng t khi chu lu-tm nhn thy:
- i ngi cng li nh th. Ngi i nay dng thn-tm ny lm iu
thin, iu c, cho n khi sanh li vo i sau, th thn-tm lm thin-c
i ny l cn-bn vy.
V iu thiu-st ca hng ngi thin-cn trn y l chng thy ni vai-tr
ca thi-gian trong vic i t nguyn-nhn n hu-qu: c nguyn-nhn
gy ra hu-qu ngay trong hin-tin, m cng c nhiu nguyn-nhn ch gy
ra hu-qu sau mt thi-gian di, c th t mt hay nhiu i trc na.

Tr li danh-t Danh-Thn c ni ngay u tiu-mc s 043, ta tm thy


nh-ngha ca danh-t ny ni tiu-mc s 045, Phn Phng-dch. Theo
Na-Tin, tm thn hin nay ang thy y l Thn, cn ch nh ngh trong
lng l Danh. Thin-Nht thy cn phi ni li cho ng theo Gio-l c hai
Tng Nam v Bc. Ting Pali Nma-Rpa thng c dch ra ting HnVit l Danh-Sc: Danh ch phn tm-linh, gm c bn un: th, tng,
hnh v thc; cn Sc ch phn vt-cht, tc l sc-un. Danh-Sc hp li
lp thnh ra Thn-tm ca mt c-th, tc l mt chng-sanh; danh-t DanhSc chnh-thc c cng-nhn trong gio-l c hai tng Nam v Bc
dch ch Nma-Rpa. Cn ring ch Thn thng c dng dch ch
Pali Kya, vi -ngha l thn-th, hay mt tp-hp, hoc mt nhm. ThinNht chng may-mn c c bn chnh-vn ca quyn ''T-kheo NaTin'' bng ting Phn, nn chng dm ph-bnh s thiu-st ca dch-gi
Hn-vn trong Hn-Tng; nhng Thin-Nht tha-thit mong c-gi mi khi
c Phn Phng-dch ca Thin-Nht, h gp hai ch Danh-Thn th xin c
v hiu cho l Danh-Sc.
*
117.- Ch lm thin, c nay i v u v thn mi c mang theo nghip
c khng?
L ra ang bn v Danh-Sc (trong bn dch Hn-vn, dch-gi dng ch
Danh-Thn), th nn ni ngay n s trin-chuyn ca Danh-Sc, t lc ssanh cho n lc cht i v ti-sanh li; nhng vn- ny c lin-h n l
Mi hai Nhn-Duyn, kh phc-tp v ht sc t-nh, cho nn Thin-Nht
xin hy xt nt cho xong cc iu thin-c lm nay i v u v nhhng v sau ca cc iu y.
Tiu-mc s 071, Phn Phng-dch, c ch hi lng-cng, v Vua Di-Lan
ang hi v Tr, m Na-Tin li quay sang tr li v cc hnh-vi thin-c
lm. Vua hi:
- Xt cho k, c tr hay chng c tr?
- Tr chng c. Th-d nh c ngi trm tri da, ngi y c ti chng?
- C ti ch!
- Lc trng da chng c tri; c g nay ly trm tri da m li c ti?

- Gi nh chng trng da, c g li c tri c; cho nn k trm chng th


no bo-cha c.
- Con ngi cng li nh vy, v i ny lm iu thin-c, nn sanh ra
i sau lin th thn mi.
R-rng ta thy Na-Tin chng ni g thm ti sao chng c tr, m tr li
cc iu thin-c lm v bn thm v nh-hng ca chng n i sau.
K , Na-Tin li a ra tip thm hai th-d -- rt hay -- chng-minh
iu :
- Cc iu thin-c ca mt ngi i theo ngi y nh bng theo thn-hnh;
ngi tuy cht, ch c thn mt, ch cc hnh-ng lm th chng mt. V
nh ban m t n vit th, n tt nhng ch vn cn ; khi n sng
tr li th ch hin ln. i ny, con ngi lm ch thin-c cn , thnh ra
n i sau th phi th ly nh th.
n tiu-mc s 072, tip theo, Vua Di-Lan c hi Na-Tin:
- Ch lm thin-c c th phn-bit ch r ch y hin u chng?
- Chng th phn-bit ch r ch lm iu thin-c vo ch no.
chng-minh, Na-Tin a ra th-d cy cha tr tri, th chng th no
bo trc nhnh no s c tri, nhnh no khng. V Na-Tin li kt-lun,
ngi cha c-o chng th bit trc thin-c vo u. Thin-Nht xin
tn-thn vic kho chn th-d ny ca Na-Tin, v xin ng- rng chng
th ch r v-tr no trong khng-gian v thi-gian ang lu-tr ch thin-c
lm ; nhng Thin-nht xin nhc li hai iu: (1) ngi tu-hnh tuy
cha c o cng bit chc, lm mt hnh-vi c l to nhn, th no cng
mang li qu xu v sau; (2) gio-l Bc-Tng c ni: thc A-li-da tng-tr
cc chng-t ca vic thin-c, phi chng l ni m ta c th suy-on
cc hnh-vi thin-c cn ghi li nh-hng ca nguyn-nhn ch khi y c-duyn th ti-pht li di hnh-thc hu-qu. Nu i su hn na, i
hi mt s m-t tht t-m v thc A-li-da, th xin ni thm rng, thc ny
thuc v tim-thc (tim = tim-tng, ang chm su bn trong) m khoa
Tm-l-hc hin-i vn cn cha khm-ph c ht cc chi-tit.
V trc khi kt-thc vic tm hiu cc hnh-vi thin-c c- lm trong
thi-gian qua, s c nh-hng n vic ti-sanh v sau, Thin-Nht xin
tm-tt li:

1.- Mi hnh-vi c- ca (1) thn, (2) ming v (3) ca tm- u to nn


nghip, c nh-hng trong vic ti-sanh, chiu theo lut Nhn-Qu;
2.- Nghip, trc do mnh to ra, sau nghip li lm ch mnh, dn dt mnh
i theo cc no Lun-hi. K cng cng-bng ch! C t-do trong hnhng (lc sng), th phi gnh ly nghip c (khi ti-sanh), v l trchnhim. T-do phi i i vi Trch-nhim!
*
118.- Th no l Danh-Sc trin-chuyn qua Thi-gian, tng theo cc
nguyn-nhn dy chuyn?
By gi xin quay li vn- Danh-Sc. Ni tiu-mc s 045, Phn Phngdch, Na-Tin nh-ngha Danh-Sc rt r-rng:
- Tm thn hin nay ang thy y l Thn/Sc, cn ch nh ngh trong lng
l Danh (...). Thn/Sc v Danh ca con ngi, trc sau lin-quan nhau, v
nh mm con g-con trong cht lng v v cng bn ngoi, ln ln cho n
khi thnh con g con...
V Thi-gian, ni tiu-mc s 046, Phn Phng-dch, Na-Tin ni:
- Ly vic qu-kh qua lm lu di; cng ly vic v-lai sp ti lm lu
di; ch c hin-ti by gi l chng di lu.
Nh th, theo Na-Tin, Thi-gian c chia ra lm qu-kh, hin-ti v vlai; trong ba thi y, ch c hin-ti, ng lm chun gia, th chng di
lu, tc l chng c thi-gian-tnh, hay ni ng ra, hin-ti l ngay trong
mt khonh-khc ang ni y m thi.
Tiu-mc s 047, Phn Phng-dch, l mt trong cc tiu-mc va di v
kh nht ca quyn ''T-kheo Na-Tin''. Y chnh tiu-mc ny l ch vo
thn-tm bin-chuyn, qua thi-gian, t lc s-sanh n khi cht i v tisanh li, chng dt. S bin-chuyn ny c din ra ty thuc vo cc
nguyn-nhn dy chuyn.
Trong vic tm-lc v tm hiu s bin-chuyn , Thin-Nht xin lnlt: (1) nhc li vn-tt din-tin ca s bin-chuyn (tiu-mc s 047-a);
(2) nu ln cc nguyn-nhn dy chuyn dc theo s bin-chuyn (tiumc s 047-b) v hai th-d chng-minh (tiu-mc s 047-c); (3) rt gn li

s trnh-by ca Na-Tin v vic phi-hp gia su cn, su trn v su thc


trong s bin-chuyn lin-tc (tiu-mc 047-d).
V sau cng, Thin-Nht xin i-chiu li gii-thch ca T-kheo Na-Tin
vi cc im cn-bn trong gio-php c lin-quan n L Mi-hai NhnDuyn, ti tiu-mc ring s 119, tip theo sau.
Tm-tt:
1.- Do s ngu-si ly ba thi: qu-kh, hin-ti v v-lai lm cn-bn, nn
tinh-thn ny sanh ra. Tinh-thn sanh ra thn (sc); sc sanh danh, danh sanh
su thc. Do s phi-hip trong danh, lin bit sng-kh; sng sanh ra
n-i, n-i ko theo ham-mun, khin c s truyn-t. Ri tng theo s
truyn-t m c sanh, c gi, c bnh, c cht, c u-su, au-n trong
ni-tm. Hip cc ni kh va k th thnh ra con ngi, c sng-cht chng
bao gi dt.
2.- Cc danh-t in nghing trong tiu-on ''1'' trn y nu r th-t cc
nguyn-nhn dy chuyn. chng-minh s sng-cht tip-ni nhau chng
bao gi dt, T-kheo Na-Tin a ra hai th-d:
(a) trng g n ra g, g li trng, ri li n ra g ...
(b) v mt vng trn khp kn, tng-trng s tip-ni chng dt.
Ri, Na-Tin trch-dn Kinh Pht: ''i ngi sng cht cng nh bnh xe
chuyn ln, sanh-t, t-sanh, chng bao gi dt tuyt.''
3.- S bin-chuyn chng bao gi dt-tuyt c T-kheo Na-Tin trnhby li di hnh-thc ca s phi-hp gia cc cn, trn v thc. Do mt
(cn) thy sc (trn), nhn-thc (thc) lin khi ln sanh ra gic-tri (= hiubit), ba s-vic (mt, hinh-sc v nhn-thc) phi-hip li m sanh ra
sng-kh; do s sng sanh ra n-i, ko theo s ham-mun, khin cho c
s truyn-t; v do y m c s sanh sanh ra, to nn nguyn-nhn cho
vic lm cc iu thin-c. Nhng g va c ni v mt, sc v nhn-thc,
c nhc li vi cc cn, cc trn v cc thc cn li.
*

119.- i-chiu lp-lun ca Na-Tin vi L Mi-hai Nhn-Duyn


trong gio-l.
(Trc khi i-chiu, Thin-Nht xin ngi c xem k li cc tiu-mc s
043, 045, 046, nht l s 047, v phn tm-tt trn y qu s-lc, lt
b qua nhiu chi-tit.)
1.- Trnh-by s-lc L Mi-hai Nhn-Duyn:
L Mi-hai Nhn-Duyn, cn gi l L Duyn-Sanh, hoc L DuynKhi, l mt l-thuyt cn-bn ca Pht-gio. N vch r do u m chngsanh sanh ra i, ln ln, gi bnh ri cht, phi ti-sanh li, ri c lunchuyn mi trong su no Lun-hi.
a.- Mi-hai Nhn-Duyn l nhng g? Theo th-t, (1) V-minh, tc l s
ngu-si; (2) Hnh, tc l s-vt b bin-i theo iu-kin; (3)Thc, tc l
nghip-thc, nh-hng ca cc hnh-vi c- c; (4) Danh-Sc, tc l thntm; (5) Lc nhp tc l su gic-quan; (6) Xc, tc l s tip-xc gia cc
gic-quan vi cc trn (cnh-vt bn ngoi); (7) Th, tc l cc cm-gic;
(8) i, tc l s khao-kht, mn-thch qu; (9) Th, tc l eo gi cht; (10)
Hu, tc l s hin-hu, cuc sng; (11) Sanh, tc l sanh ra i; (12) Lot, tc l gi, cht.
b.- S lun-chuyn ca Mi hai Nhn-Duyn: S lun-chuyn theo dy
chuyn ca Mi-hai Nhn-Duyn quay theo hai chiu:
(i) - Chiu Lu-chuyn a n s ti-sanh ln-qun trong vng Lun-hi,
chia ra ba thi-k:
- thi qu-kh: (1)V-minh duyn Hnh; (2)Hnh duyn Thc; (3)Thc
duyn Danh-Sc. (Ch duyn c ngha l c-duyn, hay l cc iu-kin lm
thay-i; ni: ''V-minh duyn Hnh'', tc l mun ni: v c V-minh sanh
ra, cho nn Hnh mi sanh ra theo);
- thi hin-ti: (4)Danh-Sc duyn Lc-nhp; (5)Lc-nhp duyn Xc;
(6)Xc duyn Th; (7)Th duyn i; (8)i duyn Th; (9)Th duyn Hu;
- thi v-lai: (10) Hu duyn Sanh; (11) Sanh duyn Lo-t; (12) Lo-t
duyn V-minh, khp kn vng trn ca Lun-hi li, c tip-tc quay
mi nh th.

(ii) - Chiu hon-dit: nhm ph v vng Lun-hi, chng cn phi ti-sanh


na: (1) h V-minh dit, th Hnh dit, (2) h Hnh dit, th Thc dit; (3)
h Thc dit, th Danh-Sc dit; (4) h Danh-Sc dit, th Lc-nhp dit; (5)
h Lc-nhp dit, th Xc dit; (6) h Xc dit, th Th dit; (7) h Th dit,
th i dit; (8) h i dit, th Th dit; (9) h Th dit, th Hu dit; (10) h
Hu dit, th Sanh dit; (11) h Sanh dit th Lo-t dit; (12) h Lo-t dit,
th V-minh dit.
Vng Lun-hi ta nh si dy xch c mi hai khoen, mi khoen l mt
Nhn-duyn; h b gy c mt khoen, vng Lun-hi lin b ph v v
chng lu-chuyn c na (tc l ngi tu-hnh chng c c s vsanh.)
2.- Tm hiu s-lc v L Mi-hai Nhn-Duyn
Thn-phn ca mi chng-sanh l phi chu Kh th nhiu m hng sng
th t, c sng i cht li mi mi trong vng ln-qun. Con ng thot khi
vnh-vin cnh Kh l phi vt ra ngoi vng Lun-hi. Vng Lun-hi
khp kn li do s lun-chuyn dy chuyn ca Mi-hai Nhn-duyn, v
nh mi hai khoen ca si dy xch c tri buc mi mi chng-sanh. L
Mi-hai Nhn-duyn c dy nhng ch c th ph-v, nh (1) dit vminh; nh (2) tr tham-i; nh (3) chng chp-Th; nh (4) h-tr cc cn
ni Lc-nhp; nh (5) phng-v cc cn ni Xc v Th ... Nhng trong
vic tu-hnh, thng c nghe dy hai iu quan-trng: th nht l dit-tr
s luyn-i, nh trong Kinh Chuyn Php-Lun c Pht c dy ti Khtp-; v th hai l vic pht-trin Tr-hu dit V-minh, qua ba mn
hc trong Chnh-Php: Gii, nh, Hu. V ti y ang cu-xt -ngha li
gii-p ca T-kheo Na-Tin lin-quan n Danh-Sc, nn xin c php
tm ngng vic tm hiu v L Mi-hai Nhn-Duyn.
3.- i-chiu li gii-p ca Na-Tin v Danh-Sc v gio-l v Mi
hai Nhn-Duyn:
(a).- V tn-trng bn dch Hn-vn trong i-Tng, Thin-Nht ghi l
Danh-Thn, tc l thn-tm ca mt c-th khi cn sng v khi ti-sanh li.
Danh-t chnh-thc Danh-Sc c dng c trong hai Tng Nam, Bc,
ch thn-th l phn vt-cht v tm l phn tinh-thn; phn tinh-thn ny
c gi l Danh (Pali: Nma), cn phn vt-cht c gi l Sc (Pali:
Rpa). Xin ni li cho ng.

(b).- Ch ngu-si, c thy ni tiu-mc 047-a, trong gio-l Bc-tng


thng gi l V-minh (v= chng c; minh= sng). V th, nguyn-nhn
u-tin trong chiu lu-chuyn ca L Mi-hai Nhn-Duyn, chnh l s
ngu-si, ni theo ting Hn-Vit l v-minh. Ta t hi: Ti sao li ngu-si?
Ngu, v lc gn cht qu s-hi, mun sng lu thm na; chnh s hammun l mt -nghip dn-dt c-th y theo cc no ti-sanh. M h cn
ti-sanh l cn chu Kh di-di, th cho nn, chng phi thiu tr-khn
hay sao? Nhng mt khc, Na-Tin bo: ''H ngu-si sanh, th tinh-thn
sanh'', th Thin-Nht chng hon-ton ng- vi ch tinh-thn. Ti sao?
Thng thng h tinh-thn sanh ra, lm sao m ngu-si cho c, v tinhthn c kh-nng hiu-bit, suy-lun, v.v. L Mi-hai Nhn-Duyn ni
chnh-xc hn: V-minh duyn Hnh, c ngha l h c v-minh lm
nhn-duyn (lm iu-kin), th s c Hnh khi-sanh ra.
Hnh l g? Nguyn ch Hnh, ting Hn-Vit, dng dch ch Pali
Sankhra, vi ba ngha chnh: (1) iu-kin gy ra s bin-i; (2) s-vt b
iu-kin-ho, tc l cc s-vt b cc iu-kin chung quanh lm bin-i;
(3) chnh s bin-i , do cc iu-kin gy ra. Nh th, ch Hnh tr vo
cc php hu-vi, tc l cc s- vt phi chu thay-i v hon-cnh chung
quanh hay v cc iu-kin khc.
(Xin lu- ngi c: ch php, ni danh-t cc php hu-vi, c ngha l
cc s s vt vt ni chung, ch php ting Pali l dhamma, ting Sanskrit l
dharma, vit ch dh bng ch thng; xin ng lm vi ngha ch
Dhamma/Dharma, c ngha l Gio-php, Chnh-php, th ch Dh u li
c vit hoa.)
Tr li vi ch Tinh-thn m Na-Tin dng, khi ni ''h ngu-si sanh, th
tinh-thn sanh'', ng l Na-Tin nn ni: "h c v-minh, th c Hnh sanh
ra'' mi chnh-xc hn, mc du tinh-thn cng l mt s-vt b iu-kinho, cng l mt php hu-vi, tc cng nh l mt Hnh vy.
(c).- K , Na-Tin ni: ''Tinh thn sanh Thn, Thn sanh Danh, Danh sanh
Sc, Sc sanh ra su Thc...'' i-chiu vi L Mi-hai Nhn-duyn trong
Gio-l, ta c: ''Hnh duyn Thc, Thc duyn Danh-Sc, Danh-Sc duyn
Lc-nhp'', th thy r ch sai-lm ca Na-Tin trong li p. Sai ch no?
Lm sao m tinh-thn sanh ra tm thn vt-cht cho c? Lm sao m tm
thn tr ngc li sanh ra Danh tc l phn tinh-thn c? Lm sao m sc
(= vt-cht) vn v-tri li c th sanh ra s hiu-bit, tc l thc cho c.

C cu ni trn y ca Na-Tin, tng nn sa li theo th-t trong L


Mi-hai Nhn-duyn, t Hnh cho n Lc-nhp, th mi ng c.
Li na, xin c php tha r thm v ba Nhn-Duyn u: V-minh,
Hnh, Thc, lu-chuyn trong thi qu-kh. Trong i trc, khi lmchung, c-th v s-hi ci cht sp n, nn khao-kht i sng lu thm
na, l V-minh. S v-minh y lm khi sanh ln Hnh, mt php huvi v tm-linh, ri Hnh duyn vi Thc, (Thc y l nghip-thc, mt
yu-t (hay chng-t) ca thc A-li-da, dn c-th n cc no ti-sanh vo
thi hin-ti.) Vic ti-sanh, y, c ngha l nghip-thc ho-nhp vi
tinh cha, huyt m, thnh ra bo-thai, v cha tng hnh cc b-phn nn
mi c tm gi Danh-Sc (Nma-Rpa, tinh-thn v vt-cht). Vi thigian, thai-nhi pht-trin y- cc c-quan, cc gic-quan (cc cn); v khi
lt lng m, cc cn tip-xc vi hon-cnh chung quanh, nn gi l Lcnhp, lm khi ln su thc; ch thc ny mi tht-s ch vo cc s hiubit mt, tai, mi, li, thn v (t nhn-thc cho n -thc.)
(d).- n tiu-on 047-d, Phn Phng-dch, nhan-: Su cn, su trn, v
su thc phi-hip, s trnh-by ca Na-Tin v nguyn-nhn su-xa ca
vic ti-sanh, do cc vic lm thin-c pht-xut t cc cn, ht sc r-rng
v tht l t-m, lm sng-t thm rt nhiu cho L Mi-hai Nhn-duyn.
R-rng nh th no? Trong khi L Mi-hai Nhn-duyn c dy: ''Lcnhp duyn Xc, Xc duyn Th, Th duyn i, i duyn Th, Th duyn
Hu'', m chng ch r cho thy s bin-chuyn t Nhn-duyn trc n
Nhn-duyn sau, th Na-Tin vch r ra c s phi-hip xy ra ni
Lc-nhp gia ba yu-t: cn, trn v thc, to nn s gic-tri khin c-th
c s hiu-bit v sng-kh (tc l Th), ri tng theo Th m sanh ra ni, ham-mun (tc l i v Th); v chnh s ham-mun ny l nguyn-nhn
sanh ra hu-tr (tc l Hu, hin-hu, cuc sng) c s sanh sanh ra, lm
nguyn-nhn cho c-th thi-hnh iu thin-c sau ny. l nguyn-nhn
su-xa ca vic ti-sanh: do cc iu thin-c pht-xut t cc cn, m NaTin ni tiu-on 047-d, , Phn Phng-dch.
T-m nh th no? Na-Tin chng nhng ch r s phi-hip ni Lc-nhp,
gia mt cn, mt trn v mt thc, m trnh-by tht l tn-tng lun c
su cn (mt, tai, mi, li, thn v ), su trn (hnh-sc, m-thanh, mi, v,
xc-chm v -nim) v su thc (nhn-thc, nh-thc, t-thc, thit-thc,
thn-thc v -thc).

Sau khi k li t-m v trnh-by r-rng nh th, Na-Tin i n mt ktlun, rt sc-bn, ''Nh th, con ngi trin-chuyn, sanh-t, t sanh, chng
bao gi dt tuyt.''
*
120.- Ci ''gc sanh-t'' ca chng-sanh l g?
Li kt-lun trn y khin Vua Di-Lan a ra thm mt cu hi rt susc, lin-quan chng nhng ring n vic ti-sanh m cn n tn gc-r
ca vic sng-cht ca chng-sanh.
Vua hi (ni tiu-mc s 049, Phn Phng-dch):
- Ta (ch) mun hi Na-Tin, ci gc sanh-t ca con ngi l g?
Na-Tin p rt di (tiu-mc s 049-a, b v c), nu ln va ci ''gc
sanh-t'' ca con ngi, va gii-thch nguyn-nhn ca s ti-sanh v ca
s chng-c c v-sanh.
V ci gc sanh-t, Na-Tin ni:
- Cy-ci sanh ra, ly chi non lm gc; ng cc ly ht la lm gc; thinh, vn-vt u ly gc ca loi mnh m sanh ra. Con ngi th tng theo
su tnh-cm, n-i, lm gc.
Gii-thch thm v s khi-pht ca ci gc sanh-t ni con ngi, NaTin nhn mnh n vai-tr ca su cn: do su cn m c nguyn-nhn gy
ra ti-sanh, m cng do su cn m chm-dt c ti-sanh. Gii-thch nh
th no?
(a) t su cn n nguyn-nhn phi ti-sanh: Su cn (mt, tai, mi, li,
thn v tm-) tip-xc vi su trn (sc, thanh, hng, v, xc, php), v
su thc (t nhn-thc n -thc), phi-hip nhau sanh ra sng-kh (tnhcm), ri sng sanh ra ham-mun, n-i, lm nguyn-nhn cho s sanh
sanh ra; tng theo sanh m c gi, c bnh, c cht, ri li c s ti-sanh tip
theo chng dt... Li gii-thch ny, Na-Tin c ni on trc, theo
ng vi L Mi-hai Nhn-duyn, t Lc-nhp (cn, trn, thc) duyn Xc
(phi-hip li), Xc duyn Th (tnh-cm), Th duyn i (i-n), i duyn
Th v Th duyn Hu (s sng). Nh th, do c s phi-hip ca su cn

vi su trn v su thc m sanh ra sng v n-i (Th v i) lm nguynnhn ca s ti-sanh.


(b) t su cn n chng-c v-sanh: Na-Tin bo, ''Nu chng c mt, th
chng thy hnh-sc, chng hay chng bit; tng theo s chng hay chng
bit nn chng c s phi-hip; chng c s phi-hip th chng c sngkh; chng c sng-kh lin chng sanh ra n-i; chng n-i th chng
sanh ham-mun, chng c ham-mun th chng c ...s sanh sanh ra, chng
g, chng cht, chng su, chng khc... Chng c cc iu kh , lin c
c o N-Hon (= Nit-Bn)''.
y l lp-lun theo chiu hon-dit ca L Mi-hai Nhn-duyn, nhm
ph v vng Lun-hi, chng c v-sanh ca ci Nit-bn. Ph-v vng
Lun-hi ti u? Cc ch ''Nu chng c mt'' m-ch Nhn-duyn Lcnhp, v mt l mt cn trong Lc-nhp. Cc ch ''chng c s phi-hip'' tr
vo Nhn-duyn Xc; cc ch ''chng c sng-kh lin chng sanh n-i''
ch vo hai Nhn-duyn Th v i; cn cc ch ''chng n-i th chng sanh
ham-mun'' mun ni n Nhn-duyn Th... Nh th, vic ph-v, theo
Na-Tin, phi bt u ti Nhn-duyn Lc-nhp, ri t theo nh-hng
dy-chuyn n cc Nhn-duyn khc tip theo.
Nhng, xt k li, ta thy lp-lun chng c ''chnh'' my, v nu bo
''chng c mt, tai, mi... '' th con ngi ha thnh vt v-tri ''chng hay,
chng bit'' g c mt ri, cn c Tr u ph cc phin-no, hu c
gii-thot m chng-c ci Nit-bn v-sanh?
Th cho nn, Thin-Nht xin c ni r thm, on vn ny ca NaTin, c ph-hp vi li dy trong Gio-l. Su cn: mt, tai, mi, li,
thn v tm-, chng th no em ra dit i cho c; m cng chng th
no ngn cn c s ''phi-hip'' gia cc cn-trn-thc, s sanh ra sngkh. iu c th lm c -- v iu ny c c Pht dy r trong
Chnh-Php -- l phi bit phng-v cc cn, mi khi chng tip-xc vi cc
trn, tc l mt ch nn nhn vo ch ng nhn, tai chng nghe nhng ch
chng ng nghe, mi ... v.v., nh th, do s phi-hip ng-n gia cntrn-thc, cc thc chng a ti ch ham-mun chy theo cc th-vui vtcht, ri sa-ng vo cc iu c, m hu-qu l vn cn b vng Lun-hi
rng-buc mi bng vic ti-sanh. Vy th, thay v ni dit cc cn, phi ni
phng-v cc cn, hoc h-tr cc cn, th mi ng.

Thin-Nht xin chu li vi ngi c, v va qua, qu dng-di v


rm-r khi Tm hiu s trin-chuyn ca Danh-Sc qua thi-gian trong
vic ti-sanh, ni tiu-mc s 047. By gi, xin tm-tt tiu-mc s 087, ni
n mt vn- nh, thuc loi t-m, chng my quan-trng.
*
121.- Hai ngi cht cng lc, c ti-sanh cng mt lc, hai ni xa gn
khc nhau khng?
Vua Di-Lan hi:
- Nu nh c hai ngi cng cht vo mt lc, mt ngi ti-sanh ln ci
Tri i-Phm, cn mt ngi sanh li ti K-tn, cch y by trm hai
mi dm, ai l ngi n trc?
Na-Tin p:
- C hai n ni cng mt lc.
Li gii-p ny khin cho vua Di-Lan ngc-nhin, v t ni ny n ci
Tri i-Phm th xa, cn n K-tn th gn, sao li hai k xut-pht t mt
ch n hai ni xa gn khc nhau m ti cng mt lc c. Nhng cu tr
li ca Na-Tin c gii-thch thm bng hai th-d: (1) h ngh n hai
thnh-ph xa gn khc nhau, th hai s ngh n mi ni y u lu bng
nhau; (2) mt con chim u trn cao, mt con u di thp, nhng bng
ca chng cng ri ln t cng mt lc. Nh th, theo Na-Tin, thi-gian
suy-ngh trong u, v thi-gian nh-sng ri t thn chim xung t, u
xy ra mt cch tc-khc, chng ko di, chng c thi-gian-tnh. Phi
chng Na-Tin mun m-ch: vic ti-sanh xy ra tc-khc, ngay vo lc
va cht? iu ny, khoa-hc trong hin-trng cn cha c cu tr li dtkhot. Mt khc, trong Kinh sch Pht-hc, li thng ni: trn ci tri
Dc-gii, mt ngy di bng mt nm di trn-th.
Nh Thin-Nht c tha trc, vn- ny thuc vo loi t-m, chng em
li ch-li g r-rt cho vic tu-hnh, v nu c xy ra ngay tc-khc, hay
lu hn, th cng chng lm thay i chi c kt-qu ca vic ti-sanh c.
Cn mt vic khc, quan-trng hn vic n ni ti-sanh, cn cu-xt trc
khi tm kt-thc vn- sng-cht. l:

*
122.- Chng h c vic t-nhin m sanh ra .
Ni tiu-mc s 050, Phn Phng-dch, Vua hi:
- Th-gian c vt no t-nhin m sanh ra chng?
Cu tr li ca Na-Tin rt r-rng:
- Chng h c vt no t-nhin m t-sanh ra ly c; phi c nguyn-nhn
mi sanh ra.
Ri Na-Tin a ra nhiu th-d c-th, d thy, chng-minh: (1) ta in
cao phi do g, t v cng th xy nn; (2) gm do t st, c th nn
nung trong l ri mi thnh vt-dng c; (3) cy n phi c ngi khy
mi ra ting; (4) c hai khc g, cng cn phi c ngi c lu mi ra la;
(5) c king, c nh mt tri ri cng phi c ngi cm king ri nng, th
bi-nhi mi bt la...
Nhng cu tr li v cc th-d hm-cha mt s-tht m con ngi, v
m-tn, hoc thiu thng-minh, cn cha chu nhn-nhn: chng c s-vt g
ngu-nhin sanh ra c; phi c nguyn-nhn, th mi c hu-qu c.
Hy cho php Thin-Nht k mt th-d... vui-vui:
Thng b-con hi cha n:
- Ai sanh ra con?
- Cha-m sanh ra con.
- Ai sanh ra cha-m?
- ng b sanh ra cha-m.
- Ai sanh ra ng b?
- ng-c, b c sanh ra ng b.
- Ai sanh ra ng b c?

- ng s, b s, sanh ra ng b c.
- Ai sanh ra ng b s?
- ng b thy-t sanh ra.
- Ai sanh ra ng b thy-t?
- ng Bnh-t sanh ra.
- Ai sanh ra ng Bnh-t?
- Thng- sanh ra ng Bnh-t.
- Ai sanh ra Thng-?
-!!!
Chng th bit c ngun-gc cui-cng vo u c. Th cho nn, ch
bit: h ci ny c, th ci kia c; h ci ny dit, th ci kia dit. l Lut
Nhn-Qu ghi trong Pht-hc: h c Nhn th tt c Qu; chng h c Qu
m li chng c Nhn bao gi.
i vi cc tn-gio cung-tn, bo rng vn-vt ny do mt ng Thng ton-nng nm quyn thng-pht, sng-to nn, tng cn phi suygm li.
*
123.- Vn- ti-sanh Lun-hi: tin hay chng tin?
Vn- ti-sanh trong vng Lun-hi c sch ''T-kheo Na-Tin'' ny
bn rt di-dng, m Phn Tm hiu v Ngha do Thin-Nht vit li cng
thm rm-r; nhng Thin-Nht vn cn thy cn nn ni thm mt tiuon na, ring tng cc bn tr m nim tin ch t trn-vn vo Khoahc thc-nghim.
Nh c tha trc (ni tiu-mc s 111, Phn Tm hiu Ngha ), vic tisanh, nu tht-s c, phi xy ra vo ba giai-on: (1) khi cht th-gian
ny, (2) c s bin-i mt cnh-gii khc, (3) khi sanh tr li i ny;
trong ba giai-on y, con ngi ch bit chc c hai: giai-on (1) v giaion (3), cn thi-gian cnh-gii khc c s thay i th no th chng th

no bit chc c. Giai-on (2) ny vt khi tm nghe-thy v hiu-bit


ca con ngi th-gian, v khoa-hc thc-nghim trong hin-trng vn cn
cha thy c khm-ph r-rt no. Ch c hai trng-hp ny m thi: (a)
hoc c ti-sanh; (b) hoc chng c ti-sanh, chng th cn c mt trnghp th ba no khc na. V cng ch c th c hai thi-: (a) hoc tin; (b)
hoc chng tin. Vy th, ti sao ta li chng cn-phn li-hi ca hai trnghp, bn no t, bn no nhiu, chn mt thi- cho ng-n v hp l:
tin hay chng tin?
Ngi tin, tm gi l ng A, c thi- ca k tu-hnh, tun theo ChnhPhp, gi gn gii-lut, sing lm iu thin. Cn ngi kia chng tin, tm
gi l ng B, c thi- ca ngi chng bit g n Chnh-Php, t cho
mnh c t-do hnh-ng iu thin, iu c, v mc-ch i l theo
ui cc th-vui vt-cht hng-th.
Nhng g xy ra cho A v B, khi chng c ti-sanh tht-s?
Bt-li:
- A s b bt-li:
= ung mt cng tu-hnh,
= b qua dp hng-th cc th-vui vt-cht ca i;
- B chng b bt-li no c.
Li:
- A ang c li:
= c i knh-n v c-hnh;
= trnh c cc ti-c c th gy hi cho mnh v gia-nh
- B ang c li ''ln'':
= hng cc th-vui vt-cht cho tha-thch mt i.
Nhng g xy ra cho A v B, khi tht-s c vic ti-sanh?
Li:
- A s c li:
= c hng phc-bu v hnh-ng thin ca mnh;
= c c-duyn c gii-thot vnh-vin khi cnh Kh;

- B ang c li:
= chng ung-ph mt i v hin hng th-vui vt-cht;
Bt-li:
- A chng b bt-li no c.
- B ang v s b bt-li:
= hu-qu hin nay ca hnh-vi xu-c ginh danh-li;
= qu-bo, ko di nhiu i, ca cc hnh-ng xu;
= chng bao gi c c-hi c gii-thot vnh-vin.
Cn-phn li-hi quyt-nh thi- tin hay chng tin, ta thy r: cn cn
nghing hn v phi A: tin c ti-sanh.
Du c ti-sanh hay chng c, A cng vn c li: li v gii-c thanh-tnh
ca mnh trong hin-i, chng nhng trnh gy ra ti-c m cn em li s
knh-n ca ngi khc.
Cn v phn B, mi li khi chng c ti-sanh, l hng-th cc th vui vtcht, nhng ch trong mt i m thi, cha k v tranh ginh danh-li c
th gy ra ti-c v chu hnh-pht trong hin-i. Nhng khi c ti-sanh
tht-s th mi bt-li v-cng to-tt ca B, l phi chu qu-bo tri qua
nhiu i ni cc c-o; l cha ni n s khim-khuyt mi c-hi
c gii-thot khi thn-phn kh nhiu sng t ca chng-sanh c phi
trm-lun trin-min trong ci Lun-hi.
i vi cc bn tr chng chu tin vo vic ti-sanh, Thin-Nht xin mi xt
qua hai im ny: (1) l-l g khi tin c ti-sanh, chng qua ch thiu dp
hng-th ba-bi cc th-vui vt-cht; (2) cn mt-mt no ln hn na,
khi tht-s c ti-sanh, l b qua i c-duyn c gii-thot vnh-vin mi
Kh-s, hin-hu mi mi trong s t-do, t-ti hon-ton?
V vn- ny, Thin-Nht xin tha nt mt iu tm-s, trc khi chm
dt: Thin-Nht t xem mnh l mt Pht-t, gi c Pht l ng T-ph,
c l no mnh chng chu tin li ca ng Cha lnh, khi Ngi bo, chnh
Ngi nhn thy chng-sanh cht ni y, sanh li ni kia.
Lm con m chng chu tin Cha, th cn tin ai y?

III.- Vn-: Phn-bit cc iu thin, c .


124.- Nm iu thin v nm iu c l nhng g?
-mc quan-trng th ba l vn- phn-bit cc iu thin c, tip theo
cc -ti: (I) ti sao i tu lm sa-mn v (II) ti-sanh Lun-hi, va xt qua.
Nhc li: cui tiu-mc s 019, Phn Phng-dch, khi Vua Di-Lan hi,
''ngi mt lng nim Chnh-Php, ... sing lm cc iu thin, phi chng
s khi ti-sanh?'', Na-Tin p, ''Phi '', ri trong hai tiu-mc s 020 v
021, c k ra nm iu thin v nm iu c nh sau:
a.- Nm iu thin l: (1) thnh-tn, (2) hiu-thun, (3) tinh-tn, (4) nht-tm
v (5) tr-hu;
b.- Nm iu c l: (1) tham-dm, (2) gin-hn, (3) m ng, (4) vui-a, (5)
nghi-ng.
Nm iu thin va k, khi ta xt qua ni-dung v tm hiu v Ba mi by
Phm Tr-o, th thy cng tng-t vi Ng cn, tc l nm ngun-gc
lm pht-sanh ra cc iu thin. Cn nm iu c th dng nh Na-Tin
nhc n Ng ci, tc l nm s ngn-che, nm ci np p ln che y (Pali:
Nivarana). Ci g b che-y? l Tr-Hu b ng-ci che-m. Ng ci
gm c: (1) Tham-lam, (2) Gin-hn, (3) Thy-min, Hn-trm (=m ng),
(4) Tro, Hi (vng-ng v hi-tic), v (5) Nghi; nm ci np p ln
khin Tr-hu b m.
V nh-hng ca nm iu thin c th ph tan c nm iu c, ni cui
tiu-mc s 021, trang 18, Na-Tin a ra mt th-d c-th v vin ngc
thanh-thy-chu ca nh Vua, c th lc sch c nc bn lm cho nc
tr nn tinh-khit ung.
Th no l thin, c?, ta chng tm thy mt nh-ngha tng-qut ca hai
ch i-nghch ny trong sch ''T-kheo Na-Tin''. Thng-thng, iu
thin, cn gi l iu lnh, l iu c li cho k khc v cng li cho ng
tu ca mnh. Nhng g gy tn-hi cho ngi, du c li v vt-cht cho
mnh, u c xem l iu c, cn c gi l iu bt-thin, chc-chn c
hi cho ng tu ca mnh.
Tr li vi tiu-mc s 020, Phn Phng-dch, tr li cu hi: Cc iu thin
l nhng g?, Na-Tin c k ti c su iu: (1) thnh-tn, (2) hiu-thun, (3)
tinh-tn, (4) nim thin, (5) nht-tm, (6) tr-hu. Nhng iu (4) v ''nim

thin'' c l hi d-tha, vy nn xin tm gi li nm iu thi. Tip theo,


Na-Tin nh-ngha v cho th-d v mi iu thin va k, nh sau:
1.- Thnh-tn: l tin c Pht, c Kinh-Php, c Tng-Ni, c A-la-hn; tin c
i ny, i sau; tin lm lnh gp lnh, lm c gp c. Nh th, l nim
tin, chng cn vng cht nghi-ng no, vo ngi Tam-Bo, vo s ti-sanh
Lun-hi, v vo Lut Nhn-Qu.
2.- Hiu-thun (tiu-mc s 023): l tun theo Ba mi by Phm Kinh (Tr
o), v 37 phm Kinh ny u t cn-bn ni s hiu-thun. Khoan bn v
37 Phm Tr o, ta thy ngay c s ''chng chnh'' trong li Na-Tin, hay
ng hn, trong cch phin-dch li ni ca Na-Tin ra ch Hn. ''Chng
chnh'' im no? Ch Hiu-thun vn l mt danh-t trong Nho-gio, ch
cc bn-phn ca con i vi cha-m. Mc du cc bn-phn ny u t
cn-bn trn cc iu thin, nhng chng v th, nu dng y, danh-t
Hiu-thun s gy hiu-lm l cc iu thin ch qui gn vo cc bn -phn
lm con trong gia-nh. V li, khi xt n ni-dung, ta thy 37 Phm Tro bn v cc vn- khc, u phi ch c hiu v thun.
So vi bn dch ca N.K.G. Mendis, trong quyn The Questions of King
Milinda, n bn BPS, Tch-Lan, nm 1993, iu thin th hai ny c ghi
l Morality, tng-ng vi danh-t Hn-Vit l o-c, (tc l Giic, Gii-lut, c-hnh) th c phn hp-l hn.
3.- Tinh-tn: Ni tiu-mc s 022, Na-Tin chng nh-ngha th no l tinhtn m lin a ra hai th-d: (1) cc v tu-hnh thy ngi i trc chngc cc o-qu th noi gng n-lc tu-hnh theo; (2) nc sng trn
ngp hai bn b, dn-chng chng dm li qua; nhng khi thy mt ngi
khc t xa n, bit cch vt qua, nn dn bt chc li qua theo. S
bt chc noi gng cc ngi i trc thnh-cng, cn cn c mt s
c-gng gia-cng hn ln; n-lc mi chnh l ngha ca s tinh-tn.
Mi n tiu-mc s 032, Na-Tin mi a ra mt nh-ngha rt r-rng v
y- v tinh-tn: gi iu lnh, gip cho iu lnh thm ln, l tinhtn. Na-Tin ly th-d a thm qun tip-vin gip binh-i ang yu-th
mt trn, thng c; th-d ny rt ph-hp vi Vua Di-Lan, v Vua
cng l v tng ti-gii.
4.- Nht-tm (tiu-mc s 034): cng chng thy Na-Tin a ra nh-ngha
ca ch nht-tm, m ch ni n tm quan-trng ca s-vic ny lm ni
nng-ta cho vic pht-sanh cc iu thin, th-d nh (1) ta lu-i cn

c nn-mng dng ln; nh (2) ba qun dn ra bo-v c Vua khi ra


trn. V Na-Tin kt-lun: Trong cc u thin, nht-tm lm cn-bn; cc
ngi hc o trc nht nn qui v nht-tm...
Nhn dp ny, xin thm vo y nh-ngha ca s nht-tm: s tp-trung
tm-, gom vo mt im duy-nht. Ni cch khc, c s nht-tm, khi tm
an-nh, ch- tht cao- vo mt vic duy-nht, chng lng-xao v cc
vic khc; chng nghe, chng thy g bn ngoi. Th-d: ang c Kinh,
ch- vo li Kinh, hiu ngha Kinh, ngh n vic p-dng li Kinh vo s
tu-hnh. Cn nu ''ming ang c-tng m ci bng li i ch'' th chng h
c s nht-tm.
5.- Tr-hu (tiu-mc s 035): Na-Tin nhc li li mnh ni khi trc v
Tr-hu tiu-mc s 019, tr-hu ct-t c s tham-i, cng nh ta gt
la, ct cc cng la vy. y l kh-nng ca Tr-hu on-tr c tt c
cc phin no. Tn-tr cc phin-no tc l dp ht cc iu bt-thin, khin
cho cc iu thin c c-hi ny sanh v pht-trin, l cng-nng ln
ca Tr-hu trong cng-cuc tu-hnh.
Sau khi k nm iu thin, t Thnh-tn cho n Tr-hu tiu-mc s 020,
trang 18, th ni tiu-mc s 040, Na-Tin li k nm iu thin mt ln na,
gm c: (1)tin-tng, (2) gii-lut, (3) tinh-tn, (4) tr-hu, (5) nht-tm
nim o.
So-snh hai tiu-mc k trn, ta thy trong hai ln, li ni ca Na-Tin c s
lp-li, nhng chng ging hn nhau. Nay, nu sp-xp li c th-t, cho
d hiu, ta c th k nm iu thin l: (1) nim tin; (2) gii-lut; (3) tinhtn; (4) nht-tm; (5)Tr-hu, m vn tn-trng c -tng ca tc-gi
quyn ''T-kheo Na-Tin'', trong hai ln pht-biu hai tiu-mc trc v
sau.
V c l nh m li vn c ''chnh'' hn, khi ch Gii-lut thay th cho
ch Hiu-thun, nh c ghi trong Hn-tng.
Nm iu thin va ni, c T-kheo Na-Tin v nh nm v thuc dng
cha bnh. Bnh g? Na-Tin ni: Cn bnh cng nh cc iu c. Ta thy r,
vi th-d ny ni tiu-mc s 040, cng-nng v hiu-qu ca nm iu
thin l dit tr cc iu c, chm dt vnh-vin cc ni Kh trong thnphn ca chng-sanh. Nhc li, ni tiu-mc s 021, Na-Tin v nm iu
thin vi vin thanh-thy-chu lc nc v nm iu c nh nc bn.

*
125.- Kinh Thp-Thin k mi iu thin c-th hn.
Nm iu thin ghi trong sch ''T-kheo Na-Tin'', tuy y- nhng cn qu
tru-tng, cha cho thy r hnh-ng c-th no gy ra iu thin, thi-
no to nn vic c. C mt bn Kinh trong Hn-Tng, Kinh Thp Thinnghip-o, k r mi hnh-vi c-th trong i sng hng ngy to nn
thin-nghip, gip ngi tu-hnh c ti-sanh ln ci Tri. (Kinh ThpThin l bn Kinh s 600 trong i-Tng, do Ngi Hc-H [ Siksananda,
phin-m: Thc-Soa Nan-] dch t ch Phn ra Hn-vn). Mi iu
thin l: (1) chng st-sanh; (2) chng trm-cp; (3) chng t-hnh; (4)
chng ni di; (5) chng ni li hai chiu; (6) chng ni li th-c; (7)
chng ni li v-nghi; (8) chng tham-lam; (9) chng gin-d; v (10)
chng c t-kin.
Thin Nht xin ghi thm vo y mi iu thin ny b-tc cho li chdy ca T-kheo Na-Tin v cc iu thin v c.
*
126.- Phi lm iu thin t trc.
Gi y, xin ''nhy'' n tiu-mc s 062, nghe T-kheo Na-Tin tr li
cu hi sau y ca vua Di-Lan:
- Ngi mun lm iu thin, nn lm trc ngay, hay l sau ny mi
lm?
- Phi lm ngay t trc, n sau mi lm th chng ch-li chi.
Ri Na-Tin a ra ba th-d chng minh s cn-thit phi lm ngay trc
cc iu thin, chng chn-ch: (1) ang kht mi sai ngi o ging, lm
sao c nc ngay ung lin? (2) ang i mi i cy rung, lm sao c
cm n lin? (3) b k th xm-lng, ri mi lo tuyn binh, luyn tng,
sao kp chin-u na? V Na-Tin kt-lun: Ngi ngu b iu thin, lm
iu c, ri sau ny ngi khc than, c ch vo u. K no dt b iu
trung-chnh, theo iu bt-chnh, n lc sp cht, s hi-hn v sau.
*

127.- Trt gy iu c, nay phi lm g?


Li ''nhy'' thm ba bc na n tiu-mc s 084, tiu-mc s 089, v tiumc s 090, xt n vn-: trt gy ti-c, gi phi lm g?
Vua Di-Lan thc-mc, ni tiu-mc s 084:
- Sa-mn cc khanh thng ni, con ngi ti th-gian lm vic c trong
trm nm, n khi gn cht m bit nim Pht, th c ti-sanh ln ci Tri.
Ta chng th tin li ny. Li na, sa-mn cc khanh cn ni, git mt mng
sanh-vt, n lc cht s sa-a vo a-ngc. Ta cng chng tin c li
ny.
thuyt-phc Vua, Na-Tin a ra mt th-d rt -nh: cm hn nh
trn mt nc, chm; cn ly chic thuyn ch y khm cc hn
ln, thuyn li ni. Ti sao? V thuyn c sc ch nng c. Thuyn v nh
Chnh-Php; nim Pht theo ng Chnh-Php, th c th cu-vn c
ngi c ti khi b sa a-ngc.
Vua Di-Lan li hi, ni tiu-mc s 089:
- Ngi lm iu thin c phc ln, ri lm iu c th b tai-ng ln
chng?
Cu tr li ca Na-Tin, mi nghe qua, d lm ta ngc-nhin:
- Ngi lm iu thin c phc ln; ri lm iu c th b tai-ng nh.
Ta c th thc-mc, t hi: h lm iu thin ri, th ri du c lm iu c
g i na cng ch b tai-ng nh m thi chng? Chng phi nh vy u!
Li gii-p ca Na-Tin c hai phn: (1) lm iu lnh nh c th c
phc ln, nh trong Kinh c ni n trng-hp ca k ct tay chn, dng
cng mt b hoa ln c Pht, c phc ln trong 91 kip chng b a
a-ngc; (2) ngi sing lm lnh, nu trt lm iu c, s d b tai-ng
nh, l do bit n-nn hi-ci, ti tiu dn i. Thin-Nht thin ngh, v
im (1), ngi ct tay dng b hoa cng-dng c Pht, s d c
hng phc-bu ln, l v c Pht chnh l mt phc-in to-ln v qubu nht trong cc loi rung phc, h ai gieo nhn b-th ni Ngi, th s
c qu-bo v-cng su-rng. V im (2), s d tai-ng nh n vi
ngi bit hng ngy n-nn, hi-ci vic bt-thin trt lm, l v tm ca

ngi y cng ngy cng tr nn thanh-tnh, khin cho nghip-bo xu-c


nng-n chng c c-duyn tr qu.
Ni tiu-mc s 090, Vua li hi:
- Ngi tr lm iu c, k ngu cng lm iu c, th ai chu ti nng hn.
- K ngu lm c b tai-ng ln, cn ngi tr lm c chu tai-ng nh.
Cu tr li ny lm Vua ngc-nhin chng t, v thng-thng trch-nhim
nng s ln ngi c tr bit iu quy m cn c lm; v ngi ngu
chng bit ti, l ra phi chu hnh-pht nh hn. Nhng li gii-thch tip
theo ca Na-Tin rt chi l hu-l. Na-Tin ly th-d, c thanh st nung ,
k b phng tay nhiu chnh l ngi chng bit l thanh st b t; cn
ngi tr bit trc, di g nm lu tay b phng nng. Nhng ci l suxa ca s-kin: ''cng lm c, ngi tr b tai-ng nh hn ngi ngu'' l
im bit hi li. Ngi tr bit li mnh, nn ngy ngy sm-hi, khin tm
sm thanh-tnh li. Cn ngi ngu, v chng bit hu-qu nng-n ca ti-c,
li chng bit sm-hi, th cn lm tai-ng s n na vi mnh, l cha
k hin ang b kh-s v hnh-vi c trt lm.
-----*----IV.- Vn-: Ba mi by Phm Tr o.
128.- Ba mi by Phm Tr o gm c nhng g?
Nhc li: ni tiu-mc s 020, tr li cu Vua hi, ''cc iu thin l nhng
g?'', Na-Tin c ni n nm iu thin, trong c iu thin th hai l s
Hiu-thun. n tiu-mc s 023, Na-Tin nh ngha ch Hiu-thun l ''tt
c cc iu thin. Ba mi by Phm Kinh u t cn-bn ni s hiuthun''. Li gii-thch ''hi lng-vng'' ny ca Na-Tin, khin ngi c
thm b-ng, v hai l sau y: (1) nh xt qua ni Phn Tm hiu v
Ngha (tiu-mc s 124-2), ch Hiu-thun chng thch-hp bng ch
Gii-lut, ch iu thin th hai; (2) Na-Tin ni n 37 Phm Kinh m
chng ch r l cc Phm Kinh no.
Nu c php ''ni li'' ch Na-Tin k ra nm iu thin, Thin-Nht s
xin ''ni li'' nh vy: (1) thnh-tn, (2) gii-c, (3) tinh-tn, (4) nht-tm,
(5) tr-hu; v iu (2): Gii-c lm cn-bn cho 37 Phm Tr-o. Nh

th c l r-rng hn, khi ch ra ch-xc 37 Phm Kinh l cc Phm Kinh


no.
Danh-t chnh-thc ca Bc-Tng l Ba mi by Phm Tr-o, cn gi
l 37 B--phn; ting Pali l Bojjhanga.
Do u m c con s 37? Ba mi by Phm Tr o gm c:
1.- T nim-x: bn lnh-vc gi chnh-nim 4 php;
2.- T Chnh-cn: bn n-lc lm iu lnh thm ln 4 php;
3.- T Nh--tc: bn tm-nguyn c y- 4 php;
4.- Ng cn: nm ngun-gc pht-sanh cc iu thin 5 php;
5.- Ng lc: nm sc mnh lm pht-sanh iu thin 5 php;
6.- Tht gic-chi: by yu-t ca s gic-ng 7 php;
7.- Bt Chnh-o: con ng chn-chnh tm ngnh 8 php;
Cng li: 37 php.
So-snh vi ''37 Phm Kinh'' ni tiu-mc s 023 va nu trn, ta thy r
by nhm ca Ba mi by Phm Tr-o lin-quan rt cht-ch vi by
nhm ca Ba mi by Phm Kinh, c ni trong sch ''T-kheo Na-Tin'',
tuy tn gi mi nhm c khc, nhng ni-dung mi nhm, hai bn, vn
ta-ta nhau.
Gi y, xin i su vo chi-tit ca mi nhm, trong Ba mi by Phm
Kinh m ng l ra ta phi gi l Ba mi by Phm Tr o.
*
129.- T nim-x: bn lnh-vc gi chnh-nim.
Ni tiu-mc s 024, Phn Phng-dch, Vua Di-Lan hi Na-Tin:
- Bn s dng- l nhng g?
Na-Tin gi T nim-x l Bn s dng-, v gii-thch:
- c Pht dy: ''Mt l qun thn, th thn dng li; hai l qun s au-n
th s au-n ngng li; ba l qun tm-, th dng li; bn l qun php,
th php dng li. l bn php qun dng-.''

Li gii-thch ny ca Na-Tin da trn bn Kinh Nim-x, mt bn


Kinh rt quan-trng dy cch gi gn chnh-nim, khi tu-tp thin-qun
(Kinh Satipatthana, Trung-B Kinh, bn kinh s 10; Pali: Satipatthana,
Majjhima Nikaya, 10). Bn lnh-vc qun-nim m ta cn gi chnh-nim
l: (1) qun thn; (2) qun th; (3) qun tm v (4) qun php. Nh th, ni
lnh-vc th hai: qun th, Na-Tin dng ch ''s au-n'' ch mt
loi cm-th, c ni trong Kinh Nim-x.
Li na, Na-Tin bo, (h) ''qun thn th thn dng li...'', ch ''dng'' ny
c ngha l cc t-tng, cc -ngh trong tm, lc ang qun thn, u
dng, u tr li, chng cn chy bng-lng, b xao-lng v cc vn- khc.
y l cng-nng ca vic qun, khin cho chnh-nim khi ln v an-tr
ngay trong lnh-vc ang qun-chiu; ni cch khc, khi qun thn th gi
c chnh-nim an-tr li trn -nim thn-th v vng bng cc -tng
khc. l phng-php o-luyn s tp-trung t-tng trong cc php
qun-nim, khin cho tm tr nn thanh-tnh sm i vo thin-nh.
*
130.- Bn s on- chng phi l T Chnh-cn .
Nhm th hai Bn s on- trong Ba mi by Phm Kinh c Na-Tin
ni n ni tiu-mc s 025, chc chn chng phi l nhm th hai: T
Chnh-cn, tc l bn n-lc lm cho cc iu thin tng-trng thm ln,
c ni trong Ba mi by Phm Tr-o.
Th no l on-? Na-Tin gii-thch:
-... khi phn-bit c bn s dng- ri, th chng nh ngh n na,
l bn s on-...
Theo s gii-thch nh vy, th on- c ngha l chng nh ngh n na.
Phi chng Na-Tin mun ni, h khi tm- dng li c ri, th ng
nh ngh g n cc vic khc na. Nu ng nh th, th bn s on-
c Na-Tin ni n, tht ra, vn cn nm trong lnh-vc T nim-x ca
Ba mi by Phm Tr-o; v khi ta tu-tp qun-nim m gi c chnhnim an-tr, th mi t-tng khc u vng bng, ch cn lu li c -ti
thin-qun duy-nht ni tm- ang tp-trung.
V ta c th kt-lun: nhm th nht dng- v nhm th hai on-, do
Na-Tin ni n trong Ba mi by Phm Kinh, cng ch l mt nhm m

thi, v dng ri on ch l mt hnh-vi duy-nht ca tm: b cc


khc ch chn mt m qun-nim.
Th no l T Chnh-cn trong Ba mi by Phm Tr-o? l bn nlc khin cc iu c b tiu-dit v ng thi lm gia-tng thm ln cc
iu thin. T Chnh-cn l tn khc ca Tinh-tn.
Bn n-lc no?
1.- iu c sanh, phi c dt-tr;
2.- iu c cha sanh, phi c ngn-nga ng cho sanh;
3.- iu thin cha sanh, phi c lm ny-sanh ra;
4.- iu thin sanh, phi c lm tng-trng thm.
C c nh th th mi mong c ngy dt ht cc c-nghip v chng cn
b nghip dn-dt i ti-sanh trong ci Lun-hi ln-n.
Nhn y, xin nhc n tiu-mc s 036, Vua Di-Lan hi Na-Tin:
- Phi chng cc loi Kinh trc sau c dy nhiu iu khc nhau, nhng
cng u chung mt hng l nhm dit tt c cc iu c?
Cu tr li ca Na-Tin c km mt th-d c-th:
- D nhin, Kinh Pht dy nhiu loi thin, nhng cng ch hng v nhm
dit mi iu c. V nh Vng pht bn o binh ra i chin-u, lc
khi-hnh l cng-kch ch-qun, dit tt c mi iu c vy.
Th-d v nh gic ny c nh Vua tn-thng nhit-lit:
- Lnh thay! Na-Tin ni Kinh tht v cng thch-th!
*
131.- Phi chng Bn nim thn-tc l T Nh--tc?
Ni tiu-mc s 026, Vua Di-Lan hi:
- Bn nim thn-tc l nhng g?
Cu tr li ca Na-Tin li lin-quan n bn s thn-thng, m cc bc c
o-qu A-la-hn chng c:

- Th nht l mt c th nhn thy thu-trit. Hai l tai c th nghe r c


thu-trit. Ba l c kh-nng bit r tm-trng ca k khc. Bn l thn-th
c kh-nng bay cao.
Bn kh-nng siu-phm thng c gi trong Kinh-sch l bn thnthng: (1) thin-nhn-thng, (2) thin-nh thng, (3) tha-tm-thng, v (4)
thn-tc-thng (bay cao). Mun c c bn thn-thng ny, theo li NaTin c ni trc tiu-mc s 025, l khi t c bn s on- th
lin t c bn nim thn-tc.
Th cn T Nh--tc trong Ba mi by Phm Tr-o l nhng g? l
bn iu tm-nguyn khi tu-hnh mong t c s thnh-cng y- trnvn:
1.- Dc nh--tc: mong mun c thnh-tu hon-ton ch-nguyn tuhnh ca mnh;
2.- Tinh-tn nh--tc: n-lc tht dng-mnh t trn-vn ch-nguyn
tu-hnh ca mnh, du phi hy-sanh thn-mng;
3.- Nht-tm nh--tc: mt lng chuyn-ch n ch-nguyn tu-hnh,
chng h cho tm tn-lon, b cnh bn ngoi quyn-r.
4.- Qun nh--tc: dng tr-hu qun-st ch-nguyn tu-hnh ca mnh,
thu r s nguy-him ca ng c v s li-lc ca ng lnh.
Nh th, c s khc-bit r rt gia Bn nim thn-tc trong sch T-kheo
Na-Tin vi T Nh--tc trong Ba mi by Phm Tr-o.
*
132.- Nm cn v nm lc l nhng g?
Ni hai tiu-mc s 027 v 028, Vua Di-Lan hi:
- Th no l nm cn v nm lc?
Na-Tin dng nm gic-quan (mt, tai, mi, li, v thn) lm nm cn,
v nm s km-ch cc gic-quan lm nm lc, tr li. Na-Tin ni:

- Th nht, mt thy sc p, sc xu, chng dnh-mc.Th hai, tai nghe


ting tt, li mng, chng dnh mc, v.v... l nm cn. Mt l km-ch
mt; hai l km-ch tai, ... cho khi b sa-o, l nm lc.
Nhng trong Ba mi by Phm Tr-o, ng cn, ng lc, li c k ra
nh sau:
1.- Tn-cn, nim tin ni Chnh-Php, v Tn-lc, sc mnh ca nim tin ,
c c nh s tu-tp;
2.- Tn-cn, n-lc dit-tr iu c gia-tng iu thin, v Tn-lc, sc
mnh ca s c-gng bn-b ;
3.- Nim-cn, tm nh ngh lun lun n lc nim: (1) nim Pht, (2) nim
Php, (3) nim Tng, (4) nim Gii, (5) nim Th, (6) nim Thin. Cn
Nim-lc l sc mnh ca nim-cn c tu-tp thm vng-bn.
4.- nh-cn, tm lun an-tr trong chnh-nim. nh-lc l sc mnh a
tm an-tnh vo cc ci thin-nh.
5.- Hu-cn, tr sng pht-gic cc phin-no, vng-tng. Hu-lc l sc
mnh ca tr-hu qut sch vng-tng, ct t phin-no.
So-snh nm cn, nm lc hai ni, sch ''T-kheo Na-Tin'' ny vi Ba
mi by Phm Tr-o, ta thy c s khc-bit; nhng nu xt theo ''ngha
gc'' ca ch cn = ngun-gc lm pht-sanh, th c hai ni u hp-l c:
(1) nm gic-quan, c gi l nm cn, v t cc ni pht-sanh ra s
hay-bit v cnh bn ngoi; (2) t tn-cn n hu-cn c gi l nm cn,
v t cc ni pht-sanh ra cc iu lnh. Ha ra, chng c s chng-i
gia hai loi nm cn.
Mt khc, li p ca Na-Tin ni, nm lc l nm s km-ch cc gicquan, chng cho b dnh-mc v sa-o, khin ta nh li s phng-v
cc cn, s h-tr cc cn c chng ta bn qua v L Mi hai NhnDuyn, ti hai Nhn-duyn: Xc v Th. Khi cc cn (mt, tai, mi...) c
phng-v, h-tr, th s tip-xc (Xc) vi cnh-vt bn ngoi chng li-ko
cm-th (Th) chy theo con ng c; iu ny cho ta thy r s km-ch
l nm lc cc gic-quan, to nn sc mnh dit iu c v tng thm
iu lnh, cng ging nhau vi tn-cn trong Ba mi by Phm Tr-o.
(Xin xem li tiu-mc s 120, Phn Tm hiu Ngha .)

Hn na, xem li tiu-mc s 040, ta thy c mt s trng-hp gia nm


iu thin ca Na-Tin k ra, rt ging nhau vi nm cn v nm lc trong
Ba mi by Phm Tr-o.
*
133.- By Gic- hay l By Gic-chi?
Ni tiu-mc s 029, Na-Tin k by yu-t ca s gic-ng, gi l By
Gic-, v trong Ba mi by Phm Tr-o th c gi l Tht Gic-chi:
By Gic- Tht Gic-chi
1.- gic-
2.- Phn-bit gic-
3.- Tinh-tn gic-
4.- Kh gic-
5.- gic-
6.- nh-gic-
7.- H gic- 1.- Trch-php
2.- Tinh-tn
3.- H
4.- Khinh-an
5.- Nim
6.- nh
7.- X.
Nhn-xt u-tin v bn i-chiu ny l th-t trc sau ca mi yu-t
chng ging nhau hai ct; nhng iu ny chng quan-trng, min sao c
by thnh-phn l c. Nhn-xt th hai l tn gi ca vi yu-t khc
nhau, chng bit c s sai-bit v ni-dung hay khng. Ta s xt qua -ngha
ca mi yu-t, da theo tn gi trong Ba mi by Phm Tr-o.
1.- Yu-t th nht l Trch-php, s la chn mt php-mn thch-hp vi
cn-c ca mnh tu-tp theo. Yu-t trch-php ny li bao gm c c
hai yu-t: (1) gic- v (2) phn-bit gic- trong li gii-p ca NaTin: (1) ch '' gic-'', nht l ch '''' cn cha din-t y nghi-l
bng ch ''php'' trong ch php-mn; (2) ch phn-bit trong Phn-bit
gic-, u c -ngha bng ch Trch: va la v va chn ly mt
php-mn tu-tp.

2.- Yu-t th hai l Tinh-tn li c Na-Tin xp vo yu-t th ba. Tht ny chng quan-trng, khi c hai ct u c ni n s tinh-tn, n-lc tutp rt cn-thit, sau khi chn c php-mn thch-hp vi mnh, tutp hu sm c gic-ng.
3.- Yu-t th ba l H, s vui mng v thy php-mn mnh chn a n
cc kt-qu kh-quan. H gic-chi c Na-Tin gi l Kh gic-, xp vo
yu-t th t. Theo ngha trong ch Hn, H l mng; Kh l ''c th, va ,
ng thch'', th k ra cng gn ngha vi nhau.
4.- Yu-t th t l Khinh-an, s nh-nhng, sng-khoi ca thn-tm, trc
s tu-tp hng v gic-ng c kt-qu kh-quan. Khinh-an tng-ng
vi yu-t th nm gic-. Ch , ngha gc trong ch Hn-Vit l da
vo; y, c ngha l tm da vo ni sng-khoi v th-xc c vuiv m sm c c nh-lc. Nu chng qu ch-trng n t-ng, ta thy
nu dng ting khinh-an thay-th cho ting , th va nh-nhng li va
thanh-lch hn.
5.- Yu-t th nm l Nim, tc l chnh-nim lun lun nh ngh n
php-mn ang tu-tp. Yu-t quan-trng ny gip hnh-gi lun ch-tm
n vic tu-tp trong mi thi, li chng thy ni n trong By Gic-,
khin cho li Na-Tin gii-thch cn thiu-st.
6.- Yu-t th su l nh c ni n c hai bn By Gic- v Tht
Gic-chi. l nh-lc a tm-tr hnh-gi vo cc ci thin-nh,
pht-trin c Hu sm a n b gic-ng.
7. Yu-t sau cng l X gic-chi, tc l tm bnh-ng, bit bung-x,
chng dnh-mc, gp vic thun chng mn-thch, gp chuyn nghch chng
on-than. Na-Tin dng ch ''H'' vo trong H gic-, yu-t sau cng ca
By gic-, theo thin-kin, chng din-t c ht -ngha ca yu-t X.
Ti sao? V -nim X chnh l nh cao ca s gic-ng: ngi gic-ng
ri, tm an-nhin, t-ti, gii-thot khi mi rng-buc, iu c chng
vng-mc m ngay c iu thin cng chng m-p, th cn c iu chi
trong ci tm-trng rng-rang, vng-v m cn bo-v h-tr na?
*
134.- Bt Chnh-o l nhng g?
Ni tiu-mc s 030, Vua Di-Lan hi Na-Tin:

- Th no l tm loi o-hnh?
Ta hy sp xp cu tr li ca Na-Tin, song song vi cc yu-t ca con
ng tm ngnh Bt Chnh-o, c k r-rng v y- trong Kinh
Chuyn Php-Lun, l bn Kinh u-tin ca c Pht, sau khi Ngi thnh
o, ging ti vn Lc-Uyn cho nm anh em ng Kiu-Trn-Nh nghe.
Tm loi o-hnh Bt Chnh-o
1.- Trc-kin
2.- Trc-nim
3.- Trc-ng
4.- Trc-mng
5.- Trc-nghip
6.- Trc phng-tin
7.- Trc-
8.- Trc-nh 1.- Chnh tri-kin
2.- Chnh t-duy
3.- Chnh-ng
4.- Chnh-mng
5.- Chnh-nghip
6.- Chnh tinh-tn
7.- Chnh-nim
8.- Chnh-nh.
Nhn-xt u-tin l ch Chnh, ni ct hai, c ch Trc, ni ct mt,
thay-th. Y-ngha ca hai ch y gn tng-ng nhau: ''ngay-thng, chnchnh, ng-n'', cho nn chng c chi ng ni. V ni-dung ca mi
ngnh, ta nn xt tng mn: t chnh tri-kin cho n chnh-nh.
1.- Chnh-tri-kin, s thy-nghe, hay-bit, tht chn-chnh ng-n, c th
xem tng-ng vi Trc-kin ni ct mt.
2.- Chnh t-duy, s suy-ngh, phn-xt ng-n, th kh lng c xem
cng ngha vi ch trc-nim. Thng-thng, ng-t nim c ngha l lun
nh-ngh trong lng; nh th, trc-nim, ch c ngha l ''nh ngh thngthn'' chng din-t ht c cc kh-nng ng-n v bao-qut ca Trhu l suy-ngh v phn-on.
Hai mn: Chnh tri-kin v Chnh t-duy c xp vo mn th ba, Huhc, trong ba mn hc v-lu Gii, nh, Hu.

3.- Chnh-ng, Chnh-mng, Chnh-nghip c th c xem nh tngng vi Trc-ng, Trc-mng, Trc-nghip ni ct mt, nu ngha ca
ch Trc, ngoi ngay-thng ra, c mang thm -ngha ca s ng-n,
chn-chnh. Chnh-ng l li ni chn-chnh, chng th-c, chng mthc, cc -ngha ny c th c bao gm trong Trc-ng. Chnh-mng l
cch sanh-sng bng cc ngh-nghip chn-chnh, tht-th, chng gian-xo,
chng c-c, rt ph-hp vi ch trc-mng. Chnh-nghip l nhng hnhng ca thn, ming, v tm- u ng-n, chn-chnh, chng gy ra cnghip v v th ch Trc-nghip c th xem tng-ng vi ch Chnhnghip.
Ba mn: Chnh ng, Chnh-mng, Chnh-nghip c xp vo mn hc th
nht, Gii-hc, trong ba mn hc v-lu.
4.- Ni mc s (6), Chnh tinh-tn khc kh xa vi Trc phng-tin; v
Tinh-tn c ngha l n-lc gi-gn v lm tng-trng iu thin; cn
Phng-tin l nhng phng-php tin dng, dng thi-hnh hu t
c mc-tiu. Tuy nhin, c im tng-ng gia hai -nim: Tinh-tn v
Phng-tin, l cc n-lc c-gng t c mc-tiu, mc du mctiu c th khc nhau. V mc-tiu ca Tinh-tn c ni r: tng iu
thin; cn mc-tiu ca Trc phng-tin vn b ng. Du sao i na,
trong lm sch gio-l Pht-hc, nhiu v i-s chng ngi dng t-ng
Chnh phng-tin thay th cho danh-t Chnh Tinh-tn khi ging v Bt
Chnh-o.
Mn Chnh tinh-tn c th c em xp vo c hai mn Gii v nh, v
s n-lc c th thi-hnh trong vic gi-gn Gii-lut, hoc p-dng vo
vic tu-tp Thin-nh.
5.- Chnh-nim ni mc s (7) c xp ngang hng vi Trc-. ng l ra,
nn em ch Trc-nim mc s (2), ct mt, xung ngang vi Chnhnim th hay bit my; v ch Trc- chng th no thay-th cho ch Chnhnim c: Trc- ch l mt ngay-thng; trong khi Chnh-nim li l
ch-cht, qui-t ht cc -tng khc v mt trng-im ang c qunchiu. Bc u i vo nh-lc l phi c chnh-nim v gi chnh-nim
lun sng-t, ci iu m mt ngay-thng, trc-, d mnh n u cng
cha th lm c.
6.-Chnh-nh v Trc-nh chng chng-i nhau, v c hai u ni ln
nh-lc chn-chnh, tri hn vi t-nh ca bng-mn ngoi-o.

Hai mn Chnh-nim v Chnh-nh thuc v mn nh-hc trong ba mn


hc v-lu: Gii, nh, Hu.
*
135.- Ly tm loi o-hnh (Bt Chnh-o) lm cn-bn tu-hnh.
Ni gn cui tiu-mc s 031, Na-Tin c ni:
- Ch -t Pht cu o... nhn bit s kh-nhc th-gian, nn mi dt
b mi ham-mun m mt lng nim tm loi o-hnh.
Nh th, trong Ba mi by Phm Tr-o, Na-Tin chn ly Bt
Chnh-o, ( m Na-Tin gi l tm loi o-hnh) lm cn-bn tu-hnh.
Ly Bt Chnh-o lm cn-bn tu-hnh cng ta nh trong hai th-d NaTin a ra ngay trc : (1) kin-trc-s trc khi xy mt thnh-tr, cn
phi lng-nh nn mng; (2) ngi din tr trc khi din phi dn dp
mt t cho bng phng.
Thng nghe ni, Chnh-Php c tm vn bn ngn php-mn,, nay NaTin mch cho vua Di-Lan s chn la php-tu gin-d v y- nh th,
qu l iu rt ng tn-thng, v th nh Vua khen-ngi:
- Lnh thay! Lnh thay!
-----*----V.- Vn-: Tr - Hu .
Trc khi bc sang Vn- V: Tr-hu, Thin Nht thy cn nhc li s
lin-tc trong -tng khi tm-tt li ni-dung ca quyn ''T-kheo NaTin'', v cc cu hi ca vua Di-Lan nu ln u ty hng, gp u hi ,
chng theo mt th-t no.
- Thc-mc u-tin ca vua Di-Lan l ti sao i tu lm sa-mn? iu ny ta
xt qua ti Vn- I: i tu lm sa-mn.
- Trc li p ca Na-Tin, i tu khi chu kh mi v ti-sanh Lunhi, Vua Di-Lan mun bit: th no l ti-sanh? iu ny ta xt qua ti
Vn- II: ti-sanh trong ci Lun-hi.

- Trc cu hi ca vua Di-Lan, ngi nim Chnh-Php v sing lm iu


thin c khi phi sanh li khng?, Na-Tin gii-thch s phn-bit gia
cc iu thin-c. iu ny ta xt qua ti Vn- III: phn-bit cc iu
thin v iu c.
- Trong khi ni v cc iu thin, Na-Tin c bn n Ba mi by Phm
Kinh lm cn-bn cho cc iu thin. iu ny ta va mi xt qua xong, ti
Vn- IV: Ba mi by Phm Tr-o.
- V sau y l Vn- V: Tr-hu. Do nim Chnh-Php v sing lm cc
iu lnh, m hnh-gi bit sng lun lun theo ng cc o-hnh ca Bt
Chnh-o, nh m pht-trin c Tr-Hu. Ri li nh c Tr-Hu m
ct t mi phin-no, dit-tr ht cc iu c, nn c gic-ng v giithot khi cnh Lun-hi.
Nm vn- trn y c si dy ng-li tu-hnh lun xuyn qua v ktcht li mt mi, gip cho vic Tm hiu Ngha ca quyn ''T-kheo NaTin'' c lp-lang th-t, vt qua c d-dng cc cu hi qu nhiu v
ty hng ca Vua Di-Lan.
*
136.- Vn- Tr-Hu c t ra y nh th no?
Cuc vn-p gia Vua Di-Lan v T-kheo Na-Tin v vn- Tr-hu, rirc qua nhiu cu hi, ti cc tiu-mc:
- s 019: Th-vt c tr chng?
- s 035: Tr-hu l nh th no?
- s 039: Kh-nng hiu-bit ca Tr-hu nh th no?
- s 090: Ngi tr, k ngu cng lm c, ai nng ti hn?
- s 094,: Tr-hu t-duy n cc s-vic cao-thm.
- s 095: Th no l Tinh-thn, Tr-hu, v T-nhin.
Nh th, ch trong su tiu-mc ri-rc, Tr-hu c xt n
Nh th, ch hai khi-cnh: (1) v mt l-thuyt: (a) Th no l Tr-hu; (b)
kh-nng hiu-bit ca Tr-hu ra sao; (c) Tr-hu vi Tinh-thn v Tnhin; (2) v mt s-kin c-th: (a) th-vt c tr khng; (b) ngi tr vi k
ngu cng lm c, ai chu ti nng hn?

*
137.- Th no l Tr-Hu?
Ni tiu-mc s 035, Vua Di-Lan hi Na-Tin:
- Tr-hu l nh th no?
- Ti c ni trc ri (tiu-mc s 019), tr-hu c kh-nng ct t cc
nghi-ng, lm sng t cc vic thin...
Ri Na-Tin a ra thm hai th-d: (1) nh cm n vo nh ti, nh-sng
(tng-trng cho tr-hu) y li bng ti (tng-trng cho s ngu-m); (2)
nh cm dao bn (tng-trng cho tr-hu) cht cy (tng-trng cho cc
iu c). Trc y ni cui tiu-mc s 019, Na-Tin c v Tr-hu nh ci
li-hi ct cc b lu (tng-trng cho cc iu c). Qua ba th-d trn, NaTin mun ch r hiu-nng ca Tr-hu l ph b, dt tr s V-minh (ngum), s nghi-ng v tiu-dit c cc iu c.
n tiu-mc s 039, Vua Di-Lan hi v kh-nng hiu-bit ca Tr-hu,
nh sau:
- Ngi c tr-hu sng-sut c bit ht mun s-vt chng, hay c ch cn
cha hiu-bit kp?
Cu tr li ca Na-Tin phn-bit ra hai trng-hp:
- (1) vi ngi thng, h bit c iu cha hc v cha kp hiu; ng
thi cng bit c iu hc v hiu;
- (2) vi bc tr-gi, h thy r con ngi v vn-vt u phi qua i, qui v
KHNG, chng c t-ti. V lng ham mun vui-sng con ngi
gieo trng ngun-gc ca Kh; ngi tr bit nh th, v tng theo m
tin n Kh-Hu, bit r-rng s v-thng, s thnh-bi, cho nn Tr-hu
khc vi ngi thng.
Ta thy r: s khc-bit v Tr-hu gia hai hng ngi, chnh l s thuo v ni Kh, a n Kh-Hu, ci Tr-Hu sng-sut bit r ngun-gc
ca Kh v cch dit-tr dt-khot Kh. Nu s suy-on ca Thin-Nht
chng lm-ln th chnh l Tr-hu Bt-Nh Ba-la-mt (Sanskrit: Prajn
Paramitra; Pali: Pann Paramitta), ci Tr-hu ton-ho a n b gic-ng.

Tip theo , Vua li hi:


- Ngi c tr-hu ri, th ngu-si vo u?
- Ngi c tr-hu th ngu-si t tiu-dit ht. V nh ngi cm n vo
trong nh ti, phng sng ln, tc mn ti en b tiu-dit.
Th-d tr-hu nh nh-sng, ngu-si nh bng ti ny c Na-Tin a ra
hn mt ln. N rt ng-n, d thy v d hiu. Nhng li vn-p lin
sau , gia Vua Di-Lan v T-kheo Na-Tin, li c ch chng c honton hp-l. Chng hp-l im no? Xin hy c k li li vn-p gia
hai ngi:
- Tr-hu cng li nh vy, ngi c tr th ngu-si tt tiu-dit.
- Th cn tr-hu ca tr-gi nay li u?
- Ngi dng tr lm cng-vic, lm xong th tr-hu lin tiu-dit, nhng
s-vic m tr-hu lm th cn . V nh ban m vit th bn n, vit
xong tt n, nhng bc th cn . Bc tr-gi cng li nh th, lm xong
vic lm, tr-hu lin tiu-dit, nhng vic lm thnh-tu vn tip-tc cn
ti .
Th-d ''vit th ban m bn n'' ny rt ng tn-thng. Tuy nhin, theo
thin-kin ca Thin-Nht, ch chng hon-ton hp-l l khi Na-Tin bo,
lm xong vic lm, th tr-hu lin tiu-dit. Lm sao m tr-hu tiu-dit
i c, khi m kh-nng suy-t, phn-on ca n vn cn , ni tm-tr
ca tr-gi? C chng l khi lm xong vic lm, th tr-hu hon-tt
nhim-v ca n nn n u cn t l-by ra na. V li, ngi c tr c bao
gi li em khoe tr-hu ca mnh ra u, v nu lm nh th, th li ha ra
kiu-hm, thiu khim-tn, v c mt thi- ''chng khn-ngoan'' cht no
c. Nu Na-Tin ni, ''lm xong vic lm, tr-hu chng l-by ra na'', c
l chnh-xc hn l khi Na-Tin ni, ''lm xong vic lm, th tr-hu lin
tiu-dit.''
Tiu-mc s 094, Vua Di-Lan c hi:
- Bc c o c kh-nng suy-ngh n tt c cc s-vic cao-xa thmdiu chng?

Na-Tin p, D nhin l c, v ni thm, cc Kinh Pht tht ht sc thmo v mi s-vic... u phi do Tr-hu on-nh ra.
Tip theo l tiu-mc s 095: Tinh-thn, Tr-hu v T-nhin, qu vn-tt,
chng thy Na-Tin ch cho thy r mi tng-quan gia ba iu . NaTin ch ct-ngha rt s-lc:
- Tinh-thn ch v s hiu-bit; tr-hu thng-hiu c o; cn T-nhin
l h-khng chng c ngi.
Tht ra, gia ba -nim: tinh-thn, tr-hu v t-nhin, c mt mi tngquan m ngi tr-gi cn nn xt qua, v ch-li ca s tu-tp. Theo li ca
Na-Tin, tinh-thn y ch v s hiu-bit, tc l Thc trong Duy-Thchc. Nh c s hiu-bit ng-n, chn-chnh m tr-hu pht-trin hng
v o. Cn v danh-t T-nhin, Na-Tin gii-thch l h-khng chng c
ngi, th Thin-Nht xin th-nhn chng hiu r c t-tng ca v Tkheo li-lc ny. Phi chng Na-Tin mun ni n Thin-nhin, hoc mch vo ch Php-gii dng trong Kinh-sch, tc l mun s-s vt-vt
trong v-tr. Nu l Php-gii, th theo Tr-hu ca bc tr-gi gicng, v-tr ny chnh l ci h-khng rng-rang, chng c Ng, chng c
ngi. Ti sao? V mun s-vt u mang hnh-tng hn-hp, chng c bt
c s-vt no t-nhin t mnh m sanh ra ly mt mnh c; nu phntch hnh-tng hn-hp ra cc thnh-t, th c g tn-ti na u, chng
qua ch cn li mt ci th Khng rng-rang, vng-v, bao-trm ln tt c
mun loi? Mt khi tinh-thn hiu-bit bn-th trng-rng v v-ng ca
v-tr, ca t-nhin, l nh th, th tr-hu s hng v o tm con ng
gii-thot ra khi mi rng-buc, trong s chp-th vo ci Ta, ci Ng l
nng-n nht.
My dng trn y l mt c-gng liu-lnh ca Thin Nht rng tm hiu
tiu-mc v Tinh-thn, Tr-hu v T-nhin qu gin-lc li v-cng bhim, knh mong ngi c nn d-dt v rng-lng tha cho ti ''bo gan.''
*
138.- Tr-hu vi Bn-nng, v vi Nghip-lc .
Ni cui tiu-mc s 019, Vua Di-Lan hi:
- Tru, nga, th-vt nui trong nh c tr hay chng c tr?
- Tru, nga, th-vt nh u c tr c, nhng tm chng ng.

Xin ng- vi Na-Tin v im th-vt cng c tr-hu, nhng tr-hu y


chng pht-trin c nh trng-hp ca loi ngi. Th-vt c tm hay
khng, th ta chng th c cu tr li ny chung cho mi loi; i vi cc
loi th-vt nui trong nh, nht l nhng con vt nh kh, ch, voi, kt, rt
kh m qu-quyt chng chng c tm. iu chc-chn l ni cc hng
chng-sanh thp-km ny, cuc sng ty theo bn-nng nhiu hn l nng
vo tr-nng.
Tiu-mc s 090: Ngi tr, k ngu cng lm c, ai nng ti hn? c
xt qua ri, nhng nay ti y xin c thm mt ci nhn khc v phngdin hnh-nghip (hnh-ng c-, to nn nghip).
C hai ngi lm li u c gy ra -nghip, nhng ngi tr bit thnh-tm
sm-hi, nn ngy qua ngy, -nghip s nh i, bt c nh-hng ca
nghip-lc; cn k ngu kia v c-tm hnh-ng nn -nghip vn cn
nguyn , ch ch c-duyn a n nghip-qu nng-n. Chung qui,
nh tr-hu bit sm-hi, tm mi tr nn thanh-tnh hn, v do m c c
chu tai-ng nh bt i c.
L ra, bn v Tr-hu c ni trong quyn ''T-kheo Na-Tin'' n y cng
tm ; nhng c mt on vn trong sch, rt di-dng, ni v Tr nh, tuy
khng lin-quan n Tr-hu nhiu, nhng ni-dung li thuc v Tr-nng,
tng nn nhn y em ra xt lun: l hai tiu-mc s 081 v s 082.
*
139.- Tr nh v cc cch nh li ca con ngi.
Mt trong nhng kh-nng quan-trng ca Tm-tr con ngi l nh li cc
vic xy ra trong qu-kh. Kh-nng ny trong khoa Tm-l hin-i gi
l K-c (k= ghi chp; c= nh ngh). Cng vi tui gi, tr-c lu m i
khin cho k-c tr nn yu-t v c ngi gi-c li b bnh mt tr nh, tr
nn l-ln.
Vua Di-Lan hi T-kheo Na-Tin ni tiu-mc s 081:
- Con ngi c kh-nng no nh li c cc s-vic xy ra tht luxa chng?
Cu tr li ca Na-Tin li tr vo mt trng-hp c-bit:

- Ngi ta lc u-su hay nh n cc s-vic xy t lu-xa.


Nu s u-su khin ta nh li, th s mng-r, ho-hc cng c th gi li
trong u hnh-nh c. Nhng xt cho cng k l, d-vng qua ri, chng
c cch chi m din-t li ng trm phn trm cho c, v l hnh-nh c
c nhc li tht-s ch l s ti-to, vi nhiu thm bt, t bng hoc bi
en, v thi- cng tnh-cm ca ngi ni ln ngi nghe li chnh l tnhcm v thi- ng-thi, ch chng th no ph-hp hon-ton vi
khung-cnh ngy trc. l iu m Vua Di-Lan v T-kheo Na-Tin
nhn-nh tip theo:
- Ngay by gi, Ta c nh li, nhng chng ging ng hn.
- C th l chng ging ng, bi v i-Vng tng-tng thm ra.
K , sang qua tiu-mc tip theo, s 082, T-kheo Na-Tin v vua DiLan m k ra 16 cch nh li vic c. Rt kh sp-xp cho c th-t c
16 cch nh ny: no l v vic c l mt i-s nn c nh dai, no l v
kh-s, v ngh n iu lnh m hi-tng li cnh c, no l v c nhc
li, v c tnh-ton, c ghi chp, c ch-dy cho k khc, c mc n-nn,
v.v... m chng qun vic xa. Xt cho k 16 ''cch nh'' , hu ht chng
phi tht-s l nhng ''cch'' lm cho ta nh li c, m ch l nhng
''dp'', nhng ''lc'', no mnh c nhc-nh nh ra li. Trong khoa Tml-hc ng-dng vo vic gio-dc, c vi cch dy hc-sinh nh dai.
Xin tm k ra ba bn iu, ph vo 16 ''cch'' ca Na-Tin:
1.- Cch nh dai u-tin l phi chu kh n li. iu hc, du c
ghi chp cn-thn, nu lu lu chng gi ra xem li, th c th qun i mt.
V th, phng-chm ca gio-dc l s lp-li tht nhiu ln, s thng n
li cho nhun.
2.- Mun nh k mt t-ng l, th phi vn-dng cc gic-quan cng mt
lc: tai nghe ting Thy dy, ming lm-bm nhc li ting , tay vit ln
giy ch , v mt nhn vo cho k. Nh th, sau ny ri c qun, th c
my gic-quan s gip cho vic c nh li.
3.- Khi mun nh dai nhiu iu cng mt lc, nn sp-xp cc iu y
thnh mt hay hai ''cu thiu'', ri hc thuc lng, sau ny s nh li c
ht. Th-d, 21 tnh min Nam Vit-Nam ngy xa c ghi trong hai cu
thiu ny:

Gia, Chu, H, Rch, Tr, Sa, Bn, Long, Tn, Sc;


Th, Ty, Bin, M, B, Ch, Vnh, G, Cn, Bc, Cp.
Sau khi hc thuc lng nhiu ln, h phi k li 21 tnh y, ch cn nh li
hai cu thiu v thm vo:
Gia-nh, Chu-c, H-tin, Rch-gi, Tr-vinh, Sa-c,
Bn-tre, Long-xuyn, Tn-an, Sc-trng;
Th-du-mt, Ty-ninh, Bin-ho, M-tho, B-ra, Ch-ln,
Vnh-long, G-cng, Cn-th, Bc-liu v Cp (Vng-Tu).
l cch nh nhiu vic trong mt ln.
4.- ''Tr nh u ngn tay'': hc ch Nho, mt ch c nhiu nt ngonngoo, khi hc ch mi, a ngn tay tr v ch y ln trn khng-kh nhiu
ln, sau ny mun nh li, ly ngn tay c v li, s d nh. Ap-dng li
nh ny ti cc t ng o nh trng dnh cho mi hc-sanh, mi tr c
mt ng kho-s, m b-s (s b-mt) dnh ring ch ngi x-dng bit m
thi: dng ngn tay m ti m lui nhiu ln, hng ngy th quen tay. B lu
chng dng, nh trong thi-gian ngh h, i hc tr li, qun mt b-s, th
c ly ngn tay xoay ti xoay lui mt lt, may ra s nh li b-s ca mnh...
Cn nhiu ''thut'' khc na, ty theo s tng-tng phong-ph ca t cnhn, nhng vi 16 cch nh ca Na-Tin qu nhiu ri, Thin-Nht ch
dm k thm 4 cch na cho chn ... hai chc!
Trc khi chm dt Phn Tm hiu v vn- Tr-Hu, li mt ln na,
Thin-Nht xin nhc li:
1.- Gio-l nh Pht tuy rt bao-qut nhng c th thu-gn li v mt thchnh vo ba mn: Gii-nh-Hu. Nh gi gii thanh-tnh m hnh-nghip
c trong-sng, khin thn-tm an-tnh, tm sm vo nh-lc. Nh c
nh-lc mnh-m m Tr-hu pht-trin, dit-tr cc phin-no, chngngi, sm n ni gic-ng v gii-thot.
2.- Vic gic-ng v gii-thot phi t-mnh thc-hin ly, chng th no
trng-ch vo s cu-ri ca bt c ai. V trong n-lc ny, hnh-gi phi
nh vo Tr-hu sn-c ni mnh, c tng-trng thm dc theo con
ng tu-tp. V l , vn- Tr-hu l vn- hng u m ngi hc
Pht phi lu-tm n.

3.- Pht-hc c rt nhiu php-mn, t nim Pht vng-sanh, gi gii u, tu-tp cc cp thin-nh, tr-ch theo mt-tng, v.v... c php-mn Btnh (Tr-hu) ch-trng dng cc kh-nng ca Tr-hu tu-tp hu sm c
o. Nhng vic i su vo cc chi-tit ca php-mn ny li nm ngoi
lnh-vc Tm hiu quyn ''T-kheo Na-Tin'', v th, Thin-Nht ch ni lt
qua; ngi c mun bit thm, xin chu phin tm c bn Kinh cn-bn
ca php-mn l bn Tm-Kinh Bt-nh Ba-la-mt, ch c vn-vn 260
ch m thi.
-----*----VI.- Vn-: Cc loi cm-th .
140.- Ba loi cm-th: lc-th, kh-th v x-th .
M u quyn Trung ca ''Kinh Na-Tin T-kheo'', tc-gi bn v cc loi
cm-th ni tiu-mc s 042, rt di. Nhn-xt s-khi l cuc vn-p gia
nh Vua Di-Lan v v T-kheo Na-Tin i qu su vo cc chi-tit nh,
hi vn-vt, khin cho ngi c kh lng nhn ra c i-cng v tm
quan-trng ca cc cm-th i vi vic tu-tp i n s gic-ng v giithot.
tm hiu tiu-mc rc-ri ny, trc ht xin tm-tt cuc vn-p v li
gii-thch ca Na-Tin v cc cm-th; sau s a ra cc nhn-xt v
tiu-mc :
A.- Tm-tt tiu-mc s 042, v cc cm-th:
1.- Vua Di-Lan t vn-: Con ngi cm thy vui, th thin hay bt thin?
Con ngi cm thy kh, th thin hay bt-thin?
2.- Na-Tin chng tr li ngay cu hi ny, m a ra mt th-d: tay tri
nm thanh st nung nng , tay phi nm hn bng lnh-but, c hai tay
u b phng c. Ri Na-Tin hi: ''C hai tay b nng hay b lnh?'' Khi
nghe vua Di-Lan p: ''Mt tay nng, mt tay lnh, cng b phng c'', th
Na-Tin li bo: ''C hai tay u nng!''
3.- Chng hiu c li p ca Na-Tin, Vua xin gii-thch thm. Na-Tin
chng gii-thch thm ''ti sao khi b phng, c hai tay u nng'' m li bo
rng, trong Kinh Pht c ni n vic v k ra ba mi su s-vic gy
nn cc loi cm-th vui, bun, v chng vui chng bun:

(a) su vic khin cho lng mng: mt thy c ch hp vi s mong-cu,


nn lng mng; v khi, tai nghe ting, mi ngi mi, ming nm v, thn r
vt, tm ngh n , nu tt c cm-nhn u hp vi s mong-cu, th mng
trong lng;
(b) su vic bn ngoi khin trong lng mng: mt thy sc p, tai nghe
ting tt, mi ngi mi thm, ming nm v ngon, thn chm vt trn-lng,
tm- ngh iu yu-thch, nu bit tt c cc cm-nhn u v-thng,
th lng sanh ra mng;
(c) su vic bn trong khin lng bun: khi bn trong lng chng mongmun m mt, tai, mi, li, thn v tm- phi cm-nhn t bn ngoi cc
iu bt-nh-, th sanh bun lng;
(d) su vic bn ngoi khin lng ngi chng mng: thy sc xu, nghe
ting c, ngi mi thi, nm v ng, thn chm vt th-cng, tm nh iu
on-ght, th sanh lng chng vui;
(e) su vic khin lng chng mng cng chng ru: su gic-quan cm nhn
cc s-vic chng ng bun cng chng ng vui th trong lng cng chng
mng cng chng ru;
(f) su vic bn ngoi khin cho lng su: mt thy ci cht, ngh ra c l
v-thng, t-hi sao mnh c c -nim ny ri m sao cn cha co, v th lng bun. Nghe ting tt hay xu, ngi mi thm hay thi, nm
v ngt hay ng, chm vt th hay lng, nh vic thng hay ght, vn gi
thi- thn-nhin, li ngh mnh c -nim ri, c sao li cha co, nn lng bun.
4.- Khi Na-Tin k xong ba mi su vic , vua Di-Lan li khen: ''Lnh
thay! Lnh thay!'', ri chuyn sang hi n vn- khc. Chng bit nh Vua
c hiu ti sao Na-Tin k 36 s-vic vi dng- g hay khng?
B.- Nhn xt:
1.- Nu ch tm-tt trn y theo st c -tng trong bn nguyn-tc ca
''Kinh Na-Tin T-kheo'', th qu th, tiu-mc s 042 trn y ghi li mt
cuc m-lun gia hai ngi: ''ng ni g, b ni vt!'' Sao dm ni hnho nh th? V:

- Na-Tin chng p thng vo vn- do vua Di-Lan nu ra t u: ''cmth vui v bun l thin hay bt-thin?''
- Th-d ''b phng tay'' ca Na-Tin chng thy c mi lin-quan no ln
vi cm-th. B phng tay l mt cm-gic. Cn khi b phng tay th lng
bun, kh, mi l mt cm-th. Cm-gic khc cm-th: cm-gic l
mc- cm-xc ca c-th trc mt s-kin kch-thch t bn ngoi.
Cm-th l mt tnh-cm do mt cm-gic gy ra trong lng. Mt ng,
cm-gic xy trn thn; mt ng, cm-th din ra trong tm. Nh th, mt
tay b nng m phng, mt tay b but m phng, th ch l hai cm-gic
thi, c n nhm chi n cm-th. Nu c ni thm rng khi b phng, b rt
da, th au, nn bun lng, by gi s bun lng mi l mt cm-th
thc-s. Do , ta c th kt-lun rng, th-d b phng tay chng lin-quan
chi nhiu n cm-th, ngoi ci cm-gic b au rt ngoi da.
2.- n vic k ra ba mi su cm-th, ta cng chng thy T-kheo Na-Tin
ni c cm-th no thin, cm-tho no bt-thin tr li cu hi ca vua
Di-Lan t ra lc khi u. Tht ra, cn-c theo bn dch ca N.K.G.
Mendis quyn The Questions of King Milinda, Lun-tng c k 36 ththc ca cc cm-th, nh sau:
- su loi lc-th c lin-quan n i th-tc;
- su loi lc-th c lin-quan vi s xut-th;
- su loi kh-th c lin-quan n i th-tc;
- su loi kh-th c lin-quan vi s xut-th;
- su loi x-th c lin-quan n i th-tc;
- su loi x-th c lin-quan vi s xut-th;
Ba mi su loi cm-th ny tri qua ba thi: qu-kh, hin-ti v v-li,
nhn ln thnh mt trm l tm loi cm-th. Trong 108 loi ny, loi no l
thin, loi no l bt-thin; ta cng chng thy Mendis nu ra tr li cu
hi ca vua Di-Lan.
Nhng vi mt cht l-lun, ta c th trng thy r c loi no thin, loi
no bt-thin. Nhng cm-th kh v lc no c lin-quan n i th-tc,
vng phi s chp-th th l bt-thin. Cn nhng cm-th kh v lc c
lin-quan n s t-b ca vic xut-th, v tt c x-th th l thin. Ti
sao vy? Nh bit qua khi xt v L Mi hai Nhn-Duyn, v c Lcnhp (= su gic-quan) nn c Xc, v c Xc, nn c Th, v c Th nn c

Ai, v c Ai nn c Th, tc l s chp-th; v v c chp-th nn mi b licun mi tri ln trong vng Lun-hi, chng phi l bt-thin hay sao?
3.- Nu c cho php, Thin Nht xin liu-lnh rng vit li ci tiu-mc s
042 cho ngn gn m -ngha cng tm kh y-, nh vy:
Vua Di-Lan hi Na-Tin:
- Con ngi khi cm thy vui hay bun, th thin hay bt-thin?
Na-Tin p:
- C ba loi cm-th: lc-th, kh-th v x-th. Lc-th v kh-th no c
lin-quan n i th-tc, vng phi s chp-th th tr nn bt-thin. Cc
x-th cng cc cm-th lc v kh
no c lin-quan n s t-khc, ri b cc rng-buc ca i th-tc, v
chng chp-th, th tr nn thin.
Vua hi tip:
- Th no l lc-th, l kh-th, l x-th?
- Lc-th l cm-th vui; kh-th l cm-th bun, v x-th l cm-th
chng vui m cng chng bun.
Vua li hi:
- Cm-th vi cm-gic khc nhau ra lm sao?
- Khi cc gic-quan tip-xc vi cnh bn ngoi, c phn- ng trn thn-th,
l cm-gic. Cm-gic c th l au, l sng, hoc chng sng chng
au. Khi cm-gic c truyn vo tm, c s cm-nhn tm, l cmth. Cm-th vui (lc-th) khi tm thoi-mi v thn cm thy sng; cmth bun (kh-th) khi thn kh chu v tm bt-rt. Cm-gic chng au,
chng sng thng a n trong tm mt cm- nhn trung-ho, nn
thng gi l x-th. Nhng ch x trong Pht-hc li c ngha rng hn:
gp vic nh , chng vui thch qu; gp vic chng va , chng on-ght
qu, l tm x, tm qun-bnh, thn-nhin, chng qu xc-ng. Trong s
tu- hnh, gi c tm an-nhin, x-b mun s-vic m bit chng c-chp
iu g c th tm sm c gii-thot...

-----*----VII.- Vn-: c o v ci Nit-bn.


141.- Vn- c o trong quyn ''T-kheo Na-Tin''
Mc-tiu ca ngi tu-hnh l sm c o; vn- ny c cu-xt trong
cun ''T-kheo Na-Tin'' ri rc trong ba quyn: Thng, Trung, v H. Cc
cu hi ty hng ca vua Di-Lan v vn- c o v ci Nit-bn, dn
tri qua cc tiu-mc sau y:
s 041: V sao bc c o cn sng phi chu kh?
s 046: Chng c thi-gian i vi bc c o;
s 065: Nit-bn l vt qua chng tr li.
s 066: c o Nit-bn
s 067: Du cha c, cng bit Nit-bn l sng;
s 074: C Nit-bn chng?
s 080: Bc c o khc vi k cha c o;
s 086: Bc La-hn c th bay ln tri i-Phm;
s 088: Dng by vic hc bit o;
s 091: Sc thn-tc;
s 092: Ngng hi th;
s 094, trang 75: T-duy n cc vic cao-thm.
vic Tm hiu Ngha cho c lp-lang, s sp-xp li cc tiu-mc va
k rt cn-thit, theo th-t sau y:
a.- t lc mi hc o,
b.- n lc c o, c nhng kh-nng no;
c.-ci Nit-bn ra sao?
d.- bao gi nhp vo ci Nit-Bn;
*
142.- Lm cch no hc bit o?
Gi y, xin bt u vi tiu-mc s 088:
Vua hi Na-Tin:
- Con ngi dng bao nhiu vic hc bit o?

- Dng by vic hc bit o.


Ri Na-Tin k ra: (1) phn-bit iu lnh, vic c; (2) tinh-tn; (3) vui o;
(4) ch-phc tm- theo iu lnh; (6) nht-tm; (7) gp mi cnh-ng
chng yu-ght. By iu ny, Na-Tin ni thm, bt-tt phi dng ht, iu
quan-trng nht l h bit phn-bit thin-c, th cng . Nghe ni th, Vua
hi thm:
- Nu ch dng mt vic m bit c o, ti sao li ni chi n c by
vic?
Na-Tin tr li bng mt th-d rt hay: nh cm con dao cn ng trong
hp th u c th ct t vt chi c; lng con ngi tuy sng-sut hiu
r, nhng cng nn hi su vic kia li th mi thnh Tr. Nghe xong, vua
khen: Lnh thay!
Nhng Thin-Nht li ''thy-lay'' nhc thm rng: mun bit o v hc
o, hnh-gi ch cn tun-th ba iu: Gii-nh-Hu thi, v ba iu ny
s a n Tr-Hu sng-sut thy r-rng con ng o gii-thot.
*
143.- Bc c o khc k cha c o im no?
Tr ngc li vi tiu-mc s 080, ta thy:
Vua hi Na-Tin:
- Bc c o v ngi cha c o khc nhau ra sao?
- K cha c o cn tm ham-mun; cn bc c o th ht tham-tm,
... chng v khoi-lc, ch cn n nui mng sng...
Nh th, c-im ca ngi c o, theo Na-Tin, l dt c Tm tham.
Tham-dc ng u trong tam c, ngha l ba mn c-hi m ngi c
o dit tr xong: tham, sn v si.
Nhng ngi c o chng nhng ch dt b ba c m thi, cc bc y
cn c hon-ton gii-thot na. Ci chi c gii-thot v gii-thot khi
nhng g? S gii-thot c hai phng-din: (1) tm gii-thot, (2)tr-hu
gii-thot. Tm c gii-thot khi cc phin-no chng, tc l cc tr

ngi do phin-no gy ra; k chung l: tham, sn, si, mn, nghi v c-kin.
(Mn l kiu-cng, phch-li; c-kin l cc t-kin: thng-kin, on-kin,
ng-kin, thn-kin). Tr-hu c gii-thot khi cc s-tri-chng, tc l
cc tr ngi do cc kin-thc sai-lm gy nn v qu m-cht.
Ngi c o li cn t c cc qu-v na. Nam-Tng c bn qu-v:
(1) Tu--hun, (2) T--hm, (3) A-na-hm, v (4) A-la-hn. Bc-Tng
c cc cp B-tt: (1) Thp tn, Thp tr, Thp hnh, Thp hi-hng, Thp
i, (2) ng-gic, (3) Diu-gic. Qu-v cao nht l qu-v V-thng
Chnh-ng Chnh-gic, tc l qu-v Pht.
V y l c-im quan-trng nht ca bc c o l mnh t bit
mnh c gii-thot, c sng t-ti, nhng chng bao gi ph-trng
rng mnh c c o ny hay Qu kia.
*
144.- Bc c o c nhng kh-nng no?
i vi thng-nhn, bc c o chc phi c nhiu kh-nng hn ngi
cha tu-hnh, v mun bit v y c cc ''ti php'' g m h cn cha c
c. V l , ni tiu-mc s 086, Vua Di-Lan mi hi Na-Tin:
- Sa-mn cc khanh bo, bc c A-la-hn c th bay ln ci Tri i-Phm
trong thi-gian mt ngi co-dui cnh tay thi, Ta chng th tin li y
c, ti sao vt qua bao nhiu ngn mun c dm nh th m n c
nhanh-chng vy?
Na-Tin chng tr li thng, m mi Vua th ngh n thnh-ph A-l-tn,
cch y hn tm vn dm. Vua lin ngh trong u n thnh-ph y. Khi
Vua ngh xong, Na-Tin bo:
- i-Vng i qua tm vn dm ri tr v y, sao m nhanh th?
Khen li gii-thch ny ca Na-Tin, Vua ni: ''Lnh thay!'' Nh th, ci
kh-nng bay i xa v nhanh ca bc c o, theo Na-Tin, ch l s
nhanh-chng ca t-tng c th vt qua khng-gian ch mt khonh-khc
ca ci co-dui cnh tay. Phi chng ''thn-thng'' bit bay trong khng-gian
ch thc-hin c bng t-tng m thi? Nghi-vn ny c Na-Tin ''ph
b'' ni tiu-mc s 091, khi vua hi:

- Con ngi c kh-nng dng thn-th ny bay ln tng tri th by ci


i-Phm-thin v n x Bc-cu-l-chu ri tr v chng?
- C th c. (...) Bc c o mun nhy n tng Tri th by ci iPhm-thin v n x Bc-cu-l-chu cng c nh- vy.
Theo Na-Tin, bc c o cn c th luyn-tp thn-th, ngay c vic
ngng hi th cng c nh mun na. Ni tiu-mc s 092, Na-Tin
ni:
- ... Cn vi bc hc o c kh-nng ch-phc thn ming, tr gi Kinhgii, do s nht-tm m c c T-Thin, do lin ngng c hi th
ra vo.
V cc kh-nng siu-phm ca cc bc c o, Thin-Nht xin da vo
li ging trong Kinh-sch, c vi nhn-xt nh sau:
1.- Khi thnh o ti B- o-trng, c Pht c tam minh: (1) tcmng-minh, nh li c ht cc kip trc; (2) thin-nhn-minh, thy r
cc chng-sanh cht ni y, sanh li ni kia; (3) lu-tn-minh, bit r
dt ht cc phin-no.
2.- C su thn-thng, gi l lc thng: (1) thin-nhn-thng, (2) thin-nhthng, (3) tc-mng-thng, (4) tha-tm-thng, (5) thn-tc-thng, v (6) lutn-thng.
3.- Vi cc tin-b khoa-hc hin-i v khng-gian, vn- Thn-tc-thng
(thn bay trong khng-gian) c th c nhn di mt khi-cnh khc:
thn-thng ny phi chng cng ch l mt phng-tin di-chuyn c-bit
do cc tu-hnh luyn-tp c, nhng rt tic l cc bc c o chnchnh chng bao gi chu kh thi-trin cho ta thy ph-tan mi s ngvc.
4.- Vic ngng hi th hn trong mt thi-gian tht di tuy chng th thchin c, nhng ni thin-gi c cc mc Thin-nh cao-cp, hi th
tr nn tht t-nh, c-h chng cn nghe thy n.
*

145.- Bc c o suy-t n cc iu cao-thm.


Ngoi cc kh-nng siu-phm ra, cc bc c o cn hiu thu rnh-r
cc li ni b-n cao-xa thm-diu trong Kinh-Lun na. l iu m Vua
Di-Lan mun T-kheo Na-Tin khng-nh:
- Bc c o c kh-nng suy-ngh n tt c cc s-vic cao-xa thmdiu chng?
- D nhin, cc bc y c kh-nng t-duy mi vic thm-o. Kinh Pht
tht ht sc l thm-o v mi s-vic, chng th no o-lng ni, tt c
mi s-vic y u phi do tr-hu on-nh ra.
iu m Na-Tin gi ''chng th o-lng ni'', phi chng nm trong loi
cc vn- m c Pht xem nh bt kh t-ngh, tc l cc vn- xutth-gian m con ngi th-tc chng th dng li-l th-gian hiu cho
tng-tn c. Cc iu , bc c o c kh-nng thng-t
c. V i vi chng ta cn ang hc o, tng cng ng qu thcmc v cc vn- siu-hnh, c bnh-tm tu-tp mi, s c ngy bng sng
ln m gic-ng c.
*
146.- Nit-bn l g?
Trc khi tr li cu hi trn, c lin-quan n cc tiu-mc s 046; s 065;
s 066; s 074, bn n Nit-bn, ta hy tm hiu ngha gc ca ch ny.
Ting Phn (Sanscrit: Nirvana; Pali: Nibbna) c phin-m ra ting HnVit bng hai cch: (1) N-hon, hoc (2) Nit-bn; nhng t-ng Nit-bn
c thng-dng hn. Ch Nit-bn c ngha gc nh sau: Nir l ra khi;
Vana l khu rng u-ti; nh vy, theo ngha en th ''c Nit-bn'' l ra khi
khu rng m-u; v theo ngha rng l li b c ni en-ti, phin-mun.
Ngha chuyn-mn trong Pht-hc, Nit-bn l cnh-gii an-tch vng-v,
chng cn kh-s, tr vo tm-trng ca hnh-gi dit-tr xong tt c cc
phin-no v cc chng-ngi, sng trong cnh an-nhin, t-ti. ng lm
khi cho rng Nit-bn l mt ni chn xa-xi no , ht kh, ch c sng
thi, m ngi tu-hnh mong i n y.
Pht-hc phn-bit hai loi Nit-bn: (1) Hu-d Nit-bn, cnh-gii ca
bc c qu-v A-la-hn, chng cn ti-sanh na, dt tr ht phin-no ni

tm, cn tm thn ny sng an-nhin v t-ti; (2) V-d Nit-bn, cnhgii an-tch ca hnh-gi c A-la-hn, sau khi trt b tm thn th-xc
dt ht nghip-bo. Ch ''d,'' trong Hu-d, l d-y, l cc nghip-bo cn
st li; v-d l v-d-y l dt sch ht cc nghip-bo.
Gi y xin quay li vi tiu-mc s 074, Phn Phng-dch: C Nit-bn
chng? Vua Di-Lan hi Na-Tin:
- Ngh cho k, c Nit-bn chng?
- Xt cho k th c Nit-bn.
- Na-Tin c th ch cho Ta thy c Pht ti x-s no ni Nit-bn
chng?
- Chng th ch cho thy c... V nh c ngi t la to ln, ri dp tt...
th ta u th ch r nh la sng hin ch no c.
Li i-p ny cho thy r: Nit-bn chng phi l ni chn, c th ch
bng tay cho mt thy c. (iu nhn-xt ny c mt on trc.)
Tr li tiu-mc s 046 v Thi-gian, Na-Tin c ni:
- i vi bc c N-hon (Nit-bn) th chng c thi-gian di lu; i
vi k cha c o cn phi sng i cht li th c thi-gian lu di...
y l c-tnh thng-hng ca Nit-bn, mt -nim siu-th c tnhcch phi-thi-gian-tnh: Nit-bn , cn , mi-mi nh vy l nh vy.
c-tnh phi thi-gian-tnh ca Nit-bn rt gn vi -ngha ca ''o Nitbn l vt qua, chng tr li'' c ni ti tiu-mc s 065, Phn Phngdch:
Vua hi Na-Tin:
- o Nit-bn l vt qua i m chng cn c ch no tr li na chng?
- o Nit-bn chng cn ch no l c tr li na. Ngi ngu-m c mi lo
cho tm thn trong ngoi, thch c ngi m; cho nn chng th c thot khi sanh, gi, bnh, cht. Ngi hin-tr hc o, trong ngoi thn
chng vng-mc: chng n-i, chng ham-mun nn chng c bo-thai;

chng c bo-thai th chng sanh, gi, bnh, cht; h chng sanh, gi, bnh,
cht th chng su lo, ni-tm chng au-n, tc lin c o Nit-bn.
Nh Vua li t-m hi, ni tiu-mc s 066:
- Cc ngi hc o tt c c Nit-bn ht c chng?
- Chng c c Nit-bn ht tt c. Cc bc hc o chn-chnh, hng
v iu thin, nim iu thin, phng-hnh iu thin, ch chng ng nim,
chng ng phng-hnh th ln li xa, dt b; ngi nh th th c Nitbn.
V ni tiu-mc tip theo, s 067, Vua cng t-m hi thm Na-Tin v
ngi cha c Nit-bn:
- Ngi cha c c Nit-bn, c th bit Nit-bn l iu sng-khoi
chng?
- D nhin, ngi tuy cha c c Nit-bn cng bit Nit-bn l sngkhoi.
V l-do no, cha chng thy m li bit chc? Ti v, theo li Na-Tin,
thy ngi i trc c Nit-bn c sung-sng, k i sau bit chc Nitbn l an-vui. V Na-Tin a ra mt th-d tng-t rt xc-ng: cng
nh thy k b ct chn tay ang la-khc, th ta bit ngay rng, h b cht tay
chn l c au-kh, mc du thn-th ca mnh vn cn lnh-ln. Vy, tuy
t mnh cha chng thy, cha c c kinh- nghim bn-thn, nhng thy
k khc ang vui hng an-lc trong cnh-gii Nit-bn, th mnh cng bit
chc Nit-bn l sng-khoi.
*
147.- Sng n bao gi mi ''nhp Nit-bn''?
Ngoi -kin sai-lm cho rng Nit-bn l mt ni chn ra, thng-nhn li
cn lm-tng ''c Nit-bn'' hoc ''nhp Nit-bn'' l cht i; h cn cha
hiu c Nit-bn ti y v ngay by gi. Nh bit, Pht-hc phnbit Hu-d Nit-bn vi V-d Nit-bn ch l ngi cn sanh-hot ti
th-gian, vn c c Nit-bn, mt khi c gii-thot khi mi phinno rng-buc, sng cuc i an-nhin t-ti. C l, v thng thy khi mt
v cao-tng no qua i, ngi ta bo v y vin-tch, nhp-dit, i

vo ci Nit-bn ri, nn phn ng dn chng ng-ha ch Nit-bn


vi ci cht ca mt bc tu-hnh. u phi vy! Nit-bn l mt cnh-gii,
ng ra l mt tm-trng ca con ngi hon-ton gii-thot khi cc
phin-no, rng-buc. Ngi c o vn sng, v sng trong cnh-gii
Nit-bn ngay ti y v hin by gi!
Tiu-mc s 041, chm dt Quyn Thng, nu ln thc-mc ca vua DiLan v: ti sao bc c-o cn sng li phi chu kh?, v c T-kheo
Na-Tin ph-gii bng mt li ni v-cng thm-thy ca i-c X-lipht (Pali: Sariputta). Ta nn c k tiu-mc y, tm-tt li, ri sau s
c vi nhn-xt.
Vua Di-Lan hi Na-Tin:
- Nh ngi c o, chng phi sanh li i sau, c cn phi chu cnh
kh na khng?
- Hoc cn phi chu kh na, hoc chng cn phi kh na.
- Th no l cn phi chu kh, l chng phi chu kh na?
- Thn cn chu kh; tm- ht chu kh. S d thn cn phi chu kh l v
trong hin-ti thn cn l ngun-gc ca s kh.
Tm- s d ht kh l v dt b tt c cc iu c, chng cn ham-mun
chi, cho nn chng phi chu kh na.
- Nu nh ngi c o chng th li thn kh ny, th l cha c c
o N-hon (= Nit-bn) chng? Ngi c o chng cn n-i, m thn
cn kh, du tm- an-n, th s c o lm g? Nu nh ngi c
o thnh-cng, th v c g m cn lu li y?
- Th d nh trn cy, tri cn cha chn th chng vi hi, nn i cho chn
mui. i-Vng c bit li ni ca i-c X-li-pht chng. Ngi Xli-pht lc cn sng c ni: ''Ti chng cu cht, ti cng chng cu sng,
ti ch ch ng thi ra i th ra i.''
Vua khen ngi: ''Lnh thay! Lnh thay!''
Tm-tt:

Vua Di-Lan c hai thc-mc: (1) ngi ang sng c o c cn phi chu
kh na khng?; (2) c o ri m thn vn cn kh, sao chng la thn
i; nu gi thn sng thm, ha ra c-o chng v-ch lm hay sao?
V thc-mc th nht, Na-Tin gii-p: ngi c o cn sng th thn
cn kh m tm dt ht cc phin-no ri nn ht kh.
gii-ta mi thc-mc th hai v vic ''tm ci cht cho ht kh'', Na-Tin
a ra mt th-d rt hay: ''tri cy cha chn, cha vi hi, nn i lc tri
chn mui.''
V Na-Tin nhc li li ni v cng qu-bu ca Ngi X-li-pht: ''Ti
chng cu cht, ti cng chng cu sng, ti ch ch ng thi ra i th ra
i.''
Nhn-xt:
1.- Ngi c o ang sng th thn vn cn cm-xc nn phi chu cnh
kh ca gi v bnh; nhng v phn tinh-thn, tm- thot khi cc phinno, chng-ngi, nn c an-nhin, t-ti. y l dp khin ta nn suygm n hai ch au-kh trong ting Vit. au khc, Kh khc. au l thn
au; cn Kh l tm kh; nh khi c ci rng au, ming th nhc-nhi, sao
ta li cn chng thm ni kh ln cho tm, khin lng phi bun-bc,
bt-rt? au rng vn cn cha hay sao, m li sanh thm bc-tc, cauc gy Kh cho lng mnh v cho c cc ngi chung quanh?
2.- Th phn-tch v tm hiu thm v cu ni qu-bu ca Ngi X-li-pht:
a.- Ti chng cu cht: Ti sao? V tm thn hin nay cn y ch l tm
thn d-y; s d cn sng l tr nt cc d-nghip cn st li. Hn na,
cu cht l thi- trn trnh n i; khi nghip-lc vn cn m cu ly ci
cht, th theo vng Lun-hi phi ti-sanh li, ri li phi chu Kh didi. Li na, mng-sng con ngi l iu v-cng qu-gi, nh n m ta
mi c c-duyn bit n, v tu-tp theo, con ng gii-thot vnh-vin.
b.- Ti cng chng cu sng: Ti sao? Khi sanh ra, no phi t ti cu cho
ti c sanh ra u, vng Lun-hi c xoay chuyn mi theo nghip-lc c
m ti-sanh. Trong cuc sng hin-ti cn li y, mi s ham-mun u
chm dt ni tm ti, cn c iu chi na khin ti c i ham sng
hng? Tm ti an-nhin xem c hai s sng v s cht u ngang nhau;
sng gi, thc v, no c chi m ngi, m cu ch?

c.- Ti ch ch ng thi ra i th ra i: Lc no mi ng thi ra i? l


lc dt sch nghip, do mt ci cht t-nhin v thanh-thn mang n.
Ti ra i, chng cht luyn-tic, cng chng cht ho-hc, an-nhin m ra i
vo ci vng-lng.
d.- y l li ni ca mt bc c o, hon-ton gic-ng v l sng cht
trong vng Lun-hi v con ng gii-thot v ni an-lc vnh-cu. Tng
nn ng khung li cu ni ngn vng ny, ghi ly lm iu tm-nim:
* Ti chng cu cht, ti cng chng cu sng,
* Ti ch ch ng thi ra i, th ra i.
-----*----VIII.- Vn-: Pht
Ch Pht l ting phin-m t ch Phn Buddha, c ngha l gic-ng. c
Pht Thch-ca mu-ni l mt bc i-gic, c tht trong lch-s. Trong quyn
''T-kheo Na-Tin'' ny, vn-: Pht c ni n ri-rc qua cc tiu-mc:
s 068: Cha tng thy Pht u c ngha l chng c Pht;
s 069: Chng ai thng ni c Pht;
s 076: Thn-tng trang-nghim ca c Pht;
s 077: c Pht u phi l -t ca i-Phm Thin;
s 078: c Pht t bit ly Kinh-k v Gii-lut;
s 083: c Pht bit ht c, sao chng dy mt ln?
Sp-xp li cc tiu-mc k trn theo th-t v ni-dung, ta c:
1.- Thn-tng trang-nghim ca c Pht;
2.- Kh-nng siu-vit ca c Pht:
a.- T bit ly Kinh-K v Gii-lut;Ngi chng phi l -t ca v iPhm Thin-Vng.
b.- c Pht bit ht c, sao chng dy -t ht mt ln?
c.- Chng ai thng ni c Pht.
*

148.- 32 tng trang-nghim trn thn Pht.


Ni tiu-mc s 076, Phn Phng-dch, Vua Di-Lan c hi T-kheo Na-Tin
v thn-tng trang-nghim ca c Pht:
- c Pht tht c 32 tng trang-nghim, 80 v p ty-hnh, thn mu
vng rng ta nh ho-quang chng?
Na-Tin p, c Pht c cc tng y. Vua li hi tip:
- Cha m c Pht cng c cc tng p chng?
Khi nghe Na-Tin p, chng c, nh Vua lin kt-lun:
- i ngi sng cht hnh-tng u ging theo chng-loi ca mnh. Cha
m c Pht chng c cc tng tt y, th xt k, c Pht nht-nh
chng c cc tng trang-nghim y.
bc-b lp-lun ca nh Vua, Na-Tin ly th-d hoa sen n trong bn
m chng ging vi bn en nc c, li c hng thm ngo-ngt, v ktlun:
- Tuy cha m ca c Pht chng c cc tng trang-nghim , nhng xt
k ra c Pht li c cc tng p. c Pht sanh ra th-gian, ln ln
th-gian, m chng ging theo s-i th-gian.
Vua chp-nhn li gii-thch v khen: ''Lnh thay!''
V v p tn-nghim trn thn-hnh ca c Pht, cc Kinh-sch v Tin Pht-hc c k r c; ta ch cn nh cc c-im quan-trng, ngy
nay thng thy trn cc tng Pht, nh: nhc-k, nm tht trn nh u,
hai tai di thng xung n gn vai, tm thn vng chi...
Tiu-mc s 068, kt-thc quyn Trung ca sch ''T-kheo Na-Tin'' ny, ghi
li cuc vn-p l-th gi Vua Di-Lan v T-kheo Na-Tin, v vn-:
''c Pht c tht hay chng c tht?''
Vua hi Na-Tin:
- Na-Tin c tng thy c Pht cha?
- Cha tng thy c Pht.

Ri Vua li hi lin-tip, S-ph ca Na-Tin, cc v T-s khc c thy


c Pht chng? Trc li p ca Na-Tin, cc v cha tng thy c
Pht, Vua i n kt-lun l: h cha ai thy Pht, tc l chng h c c
Pht. Li kt-lun hi vi-vng ny ca Vua b Na-Tin bc-b mt cch
gin-tip vi th-d v nm trm con sng chung v mt ch. Vua chng
thy ch y, cc v tin-vng cng chng thy, nhng ch y vn c tht.
Lp-lun ny ca T-kheo Na-Tin dy ta mt iu quan-trng: s-vic mnh
cn cha thy, chng nn qu-quyt vi-v rng vic y chng h c tht.
Bit u s-vic y hin c ti mt cnh-gii khc hoc xy ra vo mt
thi-i xa-xa no m ngi th-tc hin nay chng chng-kin c,
thy bng mt, nghe bng tai. Trng-hp hin-nhin l cc lung sng mthanh truyn lan khp khng-gian m con mt tht, l tai trn, u cm-nhn
c. Tng nn c mt thi- d-dt, chng qu tin, m chng bc-b
hn.
*
149.- Kh-nng siu-vit ca c Pht.
Nhng ngi sng-tn thng tin-tng rng v Gio-ch ca tn-gio mnh
ang theo l mt ng ton-nng, ton tr, siu-vit. chng phi l iu
m ngi Pht-t chn-chnh tha-thit m-p trong lng.
Ni tiu-mc s 078, Vua Di-Lan hi Na-Tin:
- c Pht c hc bit v phng-hnh tt c Kinh-k v Gii-lut chng?
- c Pht c hc bit v phng-hnh tt c Kinh-k v Gii-lut.
- c Pht theo bc Thy no m hc bit nh th?
- c Pht chng c Thy. Khi c o, c Pht t mnh hiu bit ht tt
c Kinh-k v Gii-lut...
Nh th, c l theo Na-Tin, trc khi thnh o, phi chng tu-s C-m
chng theo hc o vi mt v thy no chng? Theo ti-liu lch-s, khi
va xut-gia, tu-s C-m (Pali: Gotama) c theo hc Thin vi hai thins ngoi-o tn l: (1) Alara Kalama; (2)Uddaka Ramaputta. V nhn thy
hai bc Thin-nh cao-cp ny: (1) V-s-hu-nh, (2)Phi-tng phi phitng-nh, chng a n s gii-thot hon-ton, nn tu-s C-m b i,

v t tm ra ly con ng o tu-tp n ngy c qu-v Pht. Tr-hu


ca Ngi khi c o l Tr v-s, chng phi nh c Thy mi thng-hiu
c.
Ni tiu-mc s 077, Vua Di-Lan c ni n mt phm-hnh ca c Pht
(l chng giao-hi vi ph-n) cng ging vi phm-hnh ca v Tri tng
th by ci Dc-gii l v i-Phm Thin-Vng, v kt-lun: c Pht l
-t ca vua Tri i-Phm. Na-Tin bc-b l-lun sai-lm ny bng cch
hi li Vua:
- -t ca v Tri i-Phm c nim hay chng c nim?
- -t ca i-Phm Thin-Vng vn cn c nim.
- Nh th, v Tri i-Phm v cc -t cng u l -t ca c Pht
c.
Ti sao? V ni c Pht chnh-nim lc no cng sng-t, v mi vngnim c dt sch t lu.
Ni tiu-mc s 083, Vua Di-Lan hi Na-Tin:
- c Pht bit ht tt c nhng s-vic qua t lc khi thy cho n c
cc vic trong tng-lai na chng?
- D nhin, c Pht bit ht tt c mi s-vic.
Ci tr thng-hiu ht tt c mun s-s vt-vt, trong Kinh-sch gi l
Nht-thit-tr. Ring v cc vic qu-kh, bc i-gic c c tc-mngminh, tc l s thng-hiu v cc i kip qua.
Vua li hi tip:
... c Pht bit ht tt c mi s-vic, ti sao Ngi li chng dy ngay ht
cho cc -t, m c dy t-t thi?
Cu hi ny kh ''ng-ngn'', v dy ht mt ln, lm sao m -t thu-nhn
v thc-hnh theo cho kp. Na-Tin li k thm mt th-d rt d-dm: v ys ty bnh m cho thuc, ch u li em ht tt c thuc-men trong thinh ra cho bnh-nhn ung mt ln!

V sau cng, tr li tiu-mc s 069, khi u quyn H ca sch T-kheo


Na-Tin ny, ta thy Vua Di-Lan thc-mc, khi nghe ni: Chng ai c th
thng ni c Pht. Vua hi:
- Lm sao li bit chc chng c ai thng ni c Pht?
Na-Tin em lng tin t vo c Th-tn m gii-p thc-mc ny: Cc
ngi c o v o-php cng ni, chng h c ai thng ni c Pht,
cho nn ti (Na-Tin) tin iu y. Dng nh li gii-p chng lm Vua
tho-mn, nn Ngi hi tip:
- Ly ci chi m bit rng chng h c ai thng ni c Pht?
Na-Tin lin cm ln mt quyn sch c, hi li Vua:
- V thy trc-tc quyn sch ny l ai vy?
Khi nghe Vua p, ''tc-gi tn l Cht'', th Na-Tin hi lm sao m Vua
bit c. Vua lin a ra ci l-l ''bit c'' sau y:
- Nh c sch xa truyn li nn bit c tn ng ta l Cht.
Na-Tin lin ''chp'' ngay ly l-l lm l-l ca mnh, v ni:
- Cng v l m sa-mn chng ti khi thy c Kinh Pht v Gii-lut,
th cng nh thy c c Pht, chng khc. Chnh-o v Kinh, Gii do
c Pht thuyt-ging v cng thm-diu v sng-khoi, c truyn dy v
sau; v l m ti bit rng chng h c ai thng ni c Pht c.
Nu cc c-gi tr tui chng d-dng chp-nhn l-l ca Na-Tin a ra,
th Thin Nht xin nu thm hai im:
1.- ng thi vi c Pht, c su v s-trng cm u su gio-phi -Kinh sch thng gi l lc s ngoi o -- thng tranh-lun vi c Pht,
chng c v no thng ni c Pht c.
2.- Trong cc thuyt v-tr-quan, nhiu tn-gio ch trng, Thng-
sng-to ra mun loi, cho n nay vn cha thy c mt tn-gio no
chng-minh c s-thc c. o Pht ch-trng chng c v Ho-ch no
c, ch c Lut Nhn-Duyn chi-phi v-tr. V cho n nay, khoa-hc hin-

i cn cha thy c ai, vi y- l-l vng-chc, bc-b c thuyt vtr-quan ca Pht-gio.


Trc khi chm dt vic Tm hiu v vn- Pht trong quyn sch ny,
Thin-Nht xin php trch vi cu ni quyn sch nhan- Th-bn v PhtHc (A Manual of Buddhism by the Venerable NARADA Maha Thera).
Ngi Narada vit v cuc i c Pht:
Ngi sanh ra nh mt con ngi. Ngi sng mt cuc i ca bc vnhn.V Ngi nhp-dit nh mt v Pht.
IX.- Vn-: Con ngi v thuyt V-ng
Thc-mc to ln nht trong i ngi l: Con ngi l ai? Pht-gio tr li
rt cng-quyt: Chng c g l con ngi c. Mt trong ba c-tng ca
v-tr l v-ng.
Trong phn Tm hiu v vn- ny c cun sch ''T-kheo Na-Tin''
nu ra v gii-quyt nh th no, xin xt qua cc tiu-mc:
s 051: ''Ci g'' l Ngi?
s 052: Mt v tm cng thy;
s 053: Gic-quan v tm phi-hip nhau;
s 054: Vui-sng ngha l g?
s 055: Gic-tri l g?
s 056: S-nim l g?
s 057: Th no l ni-ng?
s 058: Cc tm-nim phi-hip nhau ri chng tch ra ring t mn c;
s 060: Nm gic-quan;
s 061: Ti sao c s bt-bnh-ng gia loi ngi?
s 063: ''Lc ring'' phi chng l Nghip-lc?
s 075: Sa-mn gi-gn thn, ch chng mn thn;
s 096: Phn-tch k thn-tm ra, l v-ng chng?
Xem cc tiu-mc nu trn theo th-t trc sau, ta thy c c s maymn l trn vn- c xt thng mt mch, lin-tc, t trang 43 cho n
trang 51; mt s may-mn m ta rt t gp ni quyn ''T-kheo Na-Tin'' ny,
v cc cu hi ty-hng ca vua Di-Lan, gp u hi , nn ton-b cuc
vn-p gia hai ngi c v hi thiu mch-lc phn no.

Th th, trong 13 tiu-mc va nu trn, -ngha chnh-yu ca cuc mlun gia vua Di-Lan v T-kheo Na-Tin l g? Khi gii-p cc thc-mc
ca nh Vua, v T-kheo t trng-tm vo vic chng minh rng, ni thntm con ngi chng h c mt cht g, vt-cht hay tinh-thn, m thnghng v t-lp, chng thay-i trong thi-gian con ngi cn sanh-hot.
Mun chng-minh iu y, Na-Tin phn-tch thn-tm con ngi ra cc
b-phn, v ch cho thy r: (1) chng c yu-t no lm ch c; (2) cc
hot-ng ca con ngi u do s phi-hip gia cc yu-t vt-cht v
tm-linh, chng thy c ai hoc ci g ng ra lm ch-cht ta c th gi
ai hoc ci g l mt con ngi ang c cc hnh-ng y.
Kt-lun tt-nhin ca lp-lun chng-minh ny phi l s V-ng, chng c
''ci Ta'' ca con ngi, mc du thuyt v-ng ny chng c T-kheo NaTin minh-th ni r thm ra trong sch.
*
150.- Th-gian chng c ''ngi''.
Bt u bng cu hi ca Vua Di-Lan, ni tiu-mc s 051:
- Ngi th-gian l c ''ngi'' hay l chng c ''ngi''?
Cu tr li ca Na-Tin rt l qu-quyt, ph-nhn hon-ton:
- Xt ngh cho k, th-gian chng th no c ''ngi'', th gi ''ai'' hay ''ci g''
l ''ngi'' cho thch-hp c.
Cu tr li ph-nh ca v T-kheo chng gii-ta c thc-mc ca nh
Vua, nn Vua hi tip:
- Mng sng trong thn l ''ngi'' chng?
C l, nh Vua nhn thy cc sanh-vt chung quanh y, s d khc vi cc
vt v-tri nh si, , l ch c ''ci g '' bn trong cc sanh-vt y
lm cho chng hot-ng c, ch chng nh cc thi-th nm cht btng. ''Ci g '' thc-y hnh-ng ca sanh-vt, nn nh Vua mi gi
l mng sng, v ni loi ngi, mng sng y nm trong thn ngi. V
th, nh Vua mi ngh ra v hi Na-Tin: ''Mng-sng trong thn l
ngi ch g?

Na-Tin bc-b phng-on ca Vua Di-Lan v mng sng trong thn


l con ''ngi'', bng mt trng l-lun rt di-dng, m ta c th tm-tt li
nh vy: Nu mng sng nm ngay ti mt, hay ti gic-quan khc, c sao
mt gic-quan nh mt, hoc tai, hoc mi,.. chng th va nghe, ngi, nm,
s... Ri Na-Tin i n kt-lun:
- Ngi theo mt thy hnh-sc, tm-thn chuyn-ng, tm-thn chuynng tc sanh sng-kh, cng vi -nim hip li; tai, mi, ming, cng
cng hip nhau li lm cho tm- c -nim l tm-thn chuyn-ng. Tmthn chuyn-ng tc sanh sng-kh, tng theo sng-kh m sanh ra , ra
nim, c trin-chuyn cng nhau m thnh, t chng h c mt v ch
thng-hng no c.
Xin hy tm hiu -ngha ca li kt-lun trn ca Na-Tin, v s a ra
nhn-xt c lin-quan n l-thuyt v-ng tip theo .
Khi Na-Tin bo ''Tm-thn chuyn-ng'', tc l ni n ci ''mng sng'',
m Vua Di-Lan mun ni n, ang thc-y cc hnh-ng trn thn-th.
S chuyn-ng ca tm-thn c Na-Tin vch r l do s ''phihip gia cc gc-quan: mt, tai, mi, ming, , cng hip nhau li lm cho
tm- c -nim l tm-thn chuyn-ng''. Vy th, khin cho tm-thn
phi chuyn-ng chnh l s phi-hip gia tt c gic-quan, ch u phi
l mng sng ti mt gic-quan.
Khi Na-Tin bo, ''Tm-thn chuyn-ng tc sanh sng-kh; tng theo
sng-kh m sanh ra , ra nim, c trin-chuyn cng nhau m thnh, t
chng h c mt v ch thng-hng no c.'', ta nn chia cu ny ra bn
on ngn, tm hiu:
a.- ''Tm-thn chuyn-ng tc sanh sng-kh'': y l lc cc cm-gic ti
cc gic-quan c chuyn vo -thc ni tm, tr thnh tri-gic, tc l
s ''sng-kh'' ;
b.- ''tng theo sng-kh m sanh ra , ra nim'': y l lc c s phi-hip
ti tm, nh-hng ca mi tri-gic, hoc sng, hoc kh, chu thm nhhng ca cc tri-gic khc, ho-hip nhau li m to thnh mt tm-trng
chung, gi l , l nim.
c.- ''c trin-chuyn cng nhau m thnh'': y l lc tm-trng chung c
pht-trin v bin-i theo nh-hng ca mi tri-gic m thc-y thnh ra

hnh-ng; '' cng nhau m thnh'' tc l ci tm-trng chung ca cc trigic phi-hip li cng nhau m thnh ra hnh-ng''.
d.- ''t chng h c mt v ch thng-hng no c'': y chnh l kt-lun
tt-nhin phi i n: chng h c mt ''ai'' hoc mt ''ci g'' chng b bini, cn hoi (=thng-hng) ng ra lm ''ch'' iu-khin mi vic,
t cm-gic cc gic-quan, qua s phi-hp thnh tm-trng chung, cho
n khi sanh ra hnh-ng. Ni mi giai-on tm-sanh-l ny, ch thy cc
yu-t t bn ngoi (cm-gic) v cc yu-t bn trong (tri-gic, tm-trng)
hot-ng phi-hp nhau m thi.
chng c ''ai'' lm v ch thng-hng ni thn-tm ny, th gi thn-tm
ny l v-ch, l v-ng, chng ng hay sao?
Sau y l phn nhn-xt v tiu-mc s 051, v: ''Ci g'' l ''Ngi''?:
1) bc-b cu ni ca vua Di-Lan: Mng sng trong thn l con ''ngi'',
Na-Tin dng su gi-thit: nu mng sng mt, tai, mi, ming,
thn v thc, chng-minh rng mi mt trong su cn , mngsng chng hon-ton lm ch c, hoc ch thy mt, hoc ch nghe
tai, m chng th dng mt nghe, ngi, nm,.. v nh th, ng l ra
Na-Tin phi nn i n kt-lun l ''mng-sng nu nm mt trong cc
cn th u th no l mt ''con ngi'' cho y- trn-vn c'', nhng rt
tic l Na-Tin li ch trch nh Vua rng: ''Li ni ca i-Vng trc sau
chng tng-ng nhau'' m thi, khin cho ngi nghe, b chm ngp trong
su gi-thit qu di-dng, chng thy ra c ci kt-lun tt-nhin va k
.
2) Na-Tin li a ra ba th-d: (1) Ngi trong ta in ny, nu ph rng
cc ca, vch ra, mt c th nhn thy xa c; nhng nu m bt mt ln
ra, vnh tai rng thm ra, nghnh mi to ra, l li di ra, banh da cho rng
ra, khai cho bao-qut ra, th cng chng th no thy, nghe, ngi, nm, s,
ngh, c thm ra cht no. Khi k xong th-d ny, ng l Na-Tin i n
kt-lun, nu ''mng sng'' cc cn, th sao con ''ngi'' c ''mng sng''
vn cn b gii-hn khi cc cn c m rng?; ng ny Na-Tin ch bit
trch nh Vua ''li ni ca i-Vng trc sau chng tng-ng nhau'' m
thi.- (2) Nhn thy ngi gi kho vua ng trc mt, ri khi anh ta quay
i, nh Vua cng bit r lc anh cn trc mt, lc anh i khi. K xong thd ny, Na-Tin chng thy c kt-lun no v th-d (v ln ny chng
thy trch Vua hai li ni chng c tng-ng). ng ra, th-d ny cho

ta thy, khi mt nhn i-tng bn ngoi, cm-gic c truyn vo tm,


phi-hip vi thc m tr thnh tri-gic, by gi s to nn mt tm-trng
bn trong. y l mt th-d ch cho thy r s phi-hip ni tm, gia ba
yu-t c tnh-cch tm-sanh-l: trn (= ngi gi kho), cn (= mt vua
nhn) v thc (= tm vua nhn-thc), to thnh mt tm-trng; v chnh tmtrng a n hnh-ng ca ( l bit) tip theo.- (3)Th-d th ba li
kh ''bun ci'': c thng ru ngon, c mt ngi ri nhn u y vo
thng, v hi k b c ''thng-thc'' ru ra sao! K y lm sao m
bit v ru ngon hay d c, b sc mun cht m cn hi? Nhng thd ny ch cho ta thy s trin-chuyn ca tm-trng do s phi-hip, ca ba
yu-t tm-sanh-l, bn trong: b c, li sc ru l yu-t sanh-l, lm
khi ln cm-gic kh th, khin cho vic li nm c v ca ru, b
che-m khut mt ni thc, nn chng th ''thng-thc'' ni ru ngon hay
d (yu-t tm-l). Nhng Na-Tin li chng nu ra cho ta thy r s phihp ca cc yu-t v s trin-chuyn bn trong tm-thn, m ch tip-tc
trch nh Vua trc sau ni chng tng-ng.
3) Thin Nht thy c hai th-d gin-d, d hiu, c th gip ta h thy c
phn no chn-l v-ng ni thn-tm nm un ny. l hai cu chuyn,
mt thuc v a-ht nhn-sanh, mt thuc v thi-tit:
a.- Vua mun chn ngi lm quan gi kho-tng, truyn lnh cho cc ngvin mc qun-o nh, mng, i ngang qua mt hnh-lang hp, c nh-sng
l-m, hai bn vch rt nhiu vt kim-chu bo- ngc. Khi ra khi ng
hm, ai bc i nh-nhng thon-thot l ngi ngay-thng. Cn ng-vin
no bc nng-n v s cc vt qu-gi ly trm du trong mnh ri xung, l
nhng k c tham-tm. Nhng g xy ra trong khong hnh-lang l-m
nh-sng? Mt nhn thy bo-vt (cn v trn phi-hip) bng khi lng
tham (thc lm khi ln tm-s tham) tay p ly, du kn vo ngi (gy
thnh hnh-vi bt-thin). Thi-gian h i ngang qua hnh-lang, chnh l lc
m s phi-hp ca cc yu-t tm-sanh-l ang trin-chuyn bin thnh
hnh-vi bt-thin. Ch c cc yu-t tm-sanh-l ang hot-ng, ch chng
thy ''con ngi'' no nm bn trong thn-tm cc ng-vin thc-dc h
v tham-tm m hnh-ng bt-chnh.
(Th-ti: Thin Nht ln n cp mu chuyn trn y trong nn vnchng Php-quc, ti mt tc-phm ca vn-ho Voltaire)
b.- Tri vn-v sp ma. Gi to, st chp nhong, sm n m-m. Ri ma
o o xung. Ngi bnh-dn t hc th bo: ng Tri gin nh b Tri,

b Tri khc! nn ma to. K m-tn, ghin truyn Tu bo: Bc-hi Longvng (vua Rng) ang huy-ng Vn-ng (thn my), in-mu (b smst) v Thy-thn (thn nc) ha ra mt trn ma to! Mt hin-tng thitit, c gi, c sm-st, c my ma, ngy nay khoa-hc gii-thch: kh tri
nng, hi nng bc ln gp kh lnh thnh gi chuyn, hi nc gp nng
bc ln khng, gp kh lnh ri xung thnh ma. No c u ng Tri vi
b Tri nh nhau, no c thy bng-dng ca ch Vn-ng, b in-mu,
Thy-thn vi Ngi Long-vng?
c.- Hai th-d cho thy: (a) a-ht tm-sanh-l, ch c s phi-hp gia
cc yu-t bn ngoi v bn trong, sanh ra tm-trng, ri trin-chuyn a
n hnh-ng, ch no c mt ''con ngi'' n-np trong thn-tm nm-un
ny ch-xng ra hnh-ng. - (b) a-ht thi-tit, ch c s chnhlch gia p-sut khng-kh mi gy nn gi, ma, bo-t, ch no c vaitr no ca thn-thnh.
4) Mt im quan-trng trong gio-l nh Pht l L Duyn-sanh theo ,
bt c mt s-vic no xy ra cng phi c nguyn-nhn: ''ci ny c, nn
ci kia c; ci ny dit, nn ci kia dit''. V chng thu-trit c mi linh cht-ch gia nguyn-nhn v hu-qu cho r rng, nn ta thng c
nhng li gii-thch cc hin-tng mt cch sai-lc, ri xa s-tht. Mt
trong nhng -kin sai-lc ny l ng-kin, cho rng trong thn-tm ny c
n-tng mt ''con ngi'', mt ci ''Ta'', mt ci ''Ng'', ng lm ch mi
hnh-ng, ri li chnh ci ''Ng'' y li c i u-thai tip-tc cuc
sng mi mi m hng-th. S sai-lm ca ng-kin l chng xt trong
thn-tm ny, mi hnh-ng, t vt-cht n tinh-thn, cng u c
nguyn-nhn c, hoc do yu-t vt-cht, hoc do yu-t tm-linh, ch tht
chng h do mt ngi no trong thn-tm ny ch-xng. Ni ln s
vng-bng ca ''con ngi'' trong thn-tm ny, chnh l l-thuyt v-ng.
Bao gi ngi hc Pht b i c s chp-th vo ci ng, cng nh ngi
tr-thc b c li gii-thch sai-lm ca k ngu nh ''khi tri ma, cho
l ng Tri nh b Tri'', th by gi mi thy c, r-rng v thnhthang, con ng gic-ng v gii-thot do o Pht ch-trng.
*

151.- T nhn-thc n -thc .


Sau tiu-mc di v kh va qua, ta li n mt tiu-mc k, s 052, chng
km rc-ri, mc du vn-, nu xt k ra, chng qu phc-tp. Tiu-mc
k ny bn v Mt v Tm cng thy.
Nhc li: sau khi c Na-Tin gii-ta thc-mc ''chng c ci g gi l con
ngi trong thn-tm ny c'', Vua Di-Lan li hi:
- Khi con ngi mt thy, th mt v tm c cng nhau pht-sanh hay
khng?
- D nhin, c hai ng thi cng pht-sanh.
- Mt thy trc hay l tm thy trc?
- Mt thy trc, tm thy sau.
(Thin-Nht xin m mt du ngoc: Vua v Na-Tin ang ni n nhnthc v -thc. Pht-hc, theo Nam-tng, phn-bit su s hiu-bit gi l
su thc: (1) nhn-thc (thy mt), (2) nh-thc (nghe tai), (3) t-thc
(ngi mi), (4) thit-thc (nm li), (5) thn-thc (xc-chm trn thn)
v (6) -thc (s hiu-bit ni tm-). Nm thc trc, Bc-tng gi l tin
ng thc (tin= trc; ng= nm; thc= bit), xy ra ti nm gic-quan
bn ngoi; cn -thc, l thc th su, bn trong tm, thng c tnh-cch
phi-hip.)
Cu hi k-tip ca Di-Lan c v hi ''ng-ngn'':
- C hai c ni vi nhau nh vy chng? Mt ni vi Tm, ch ti thy
trc, anh nn theo sau m thy. Tm ni vi Mt, ch anh thy, ti nn
theo m thy sau.
- C hai chng ni vi nhau g ht.
Nu ta cho cu hi ca vua Di-Lan l ''ng-ngn'', th cu tr li vn-tt ca
T-kheo Na-Tin nh trn cng qu ri. Nhng thc-mc ca nh Vua
chng phi ''ng-ngn'' u, khi Ngi hi tip:
- Khanh h chng c ni, ''ng thi cng nhau pht-sanh'' hay sao? V c g
m c hai li chng ni vi nhau nh vy?

Ch thc-mc ca nh Vua chng ''ng-ngn'' cht no, v nh Vua ngh


rng, nu chng c ''ni vi nhau'' trc, th ti sao Tm li bit nhn thy
ng vo ch m Mt thy? Nhng phi chng li-l ca nh Vua cn
qu n-s, khi Ngi bo, Mt ni vi Tm, v Tm ni vi Mt; lm sao
m hai c-quan vt-l (mt) v tm-l (tm) li c kh-nng bit ni cho
c? L ra, nh Vua nn hi nh vy: ''Khanh ni c hai, Mt v Tm,
ng-thi cng nhau pht-sanh, th c phi chng l c mt s lin-lc,
mt s cm-ng, gia hai ni Mt v Tm? Nu vn- c t ra nh th,
th c l bn th-d di-dng, rc-ri v (1) nc chy theo xung di; (2)
hai ngi cng i theo hng ca; (3) i theo vt xe trc; (4) tnh-m theo
s, ca Na-Tin chng cn cn-thit na v qu rm-r.
Sao li hn-ho dm bo bn th-d ca Na-Tin l chng cn cn-thit v
rm-r? Trc, hy xt qua bn th-d Na-Tin a ra nhm chng-minh
rng, Mt v Tm chng ni vi nhau g ht.
1.- Trn ni cao c ma ln. Sau trn ma u, nc theo trin ni chy
xung. n trn ma sau, nc cng chy xung, theo con ng m nc
trc chy. Nc trc, nc sau c ni g vi nhau u, m cng chy
xung theo phi di. Ri Na-tin kt-lun: ''Mt v Tm cng li nh th,
chng ni g vi nhau. gi l i theo xung di.''
2.- Thnh-tr ch c mt ca ra vo. Mt ngi ra trc, i theo hng ca
m ra khi thnh. K khc, i sau, cng ng theo li hng ca m ra. C
hai chng c dn bo g vi nhau, m cng theo hng ca. Ri Na-Tin
kt-lun: ''Mt v Tm cng li nh th, chng c ni vi nhau g c. gi
l i theo hng ca. Tai, mi, ming, thn v , cng li nh th.''
3.- Trn mt con ng, xe i trc, bnh ln li vt trn mt ng. Xe
i sau ln bnh theo vt xe trc. Hai xe u c ni g vi nhau. Ri NaTin cng kt-lun: ''Cng vy, Mt chng ni vi Tm, ... tai, mi, ming,
thn v tm, cng chng ni g vi nhau.
4.- Th-d th t: ''i theo s'' rt kh hiu. Na-Tin bo: ''Theo s l tnh
m. Sch v, hc vn l s. Tai, mt, mi, ming, thn, tm t t bit r,
ri cng hip li su s-vic cho n khi thnh ch hay-bit, m ch haybit ny chng phi ch tng theo s hay-bit ca mi mt ni no c.'' Nghe
xong, vua khen: ''Lnh thay!'' Chng bit Vua hiu th-d ny nh th no
m li khen, ch ring Thin Nht cn ngu-dt li thy kh hiu qu. Ni
bn dch Anh-vn ca N.K.G. Mendis, th d th t ny c dch nh sau:

''As, sire, a beginner is clumsy in the crafts of reckoning on the fingers,


calculation, reckoning and writing, but after a time by practice in careful
working he becomes deft, even so, sire, it is through practice that where eyeconsciousness arises there too mind-consciousness arises. There is no
conversation between them. They arise because of practice.''
''Tu B-h, nh k mi hc ngh cn vng-v trong cc k-xo v c-tnh
trn u ngn tay, s tnh-ton, c-lng, v vit-lch, nhng sau mt thigian bng s thc-tp lm vic cn-thn, ngi y tr nn kho-lo; mc du
vy, tu B-h, chnh nh s thc-tp m ni no nhn-thc pht-khi th thc cng pht-khi theo. Chng h c cuc ni chuyn no gia chng c.
C hai pht-khi do s thc-tp.''
By gi, gi-d nh ta qun pht i nm hng ch Vit u trang 196 ny,
v ly v li ca bn Anh-vn, th ta c th hiu c th-d th t ny,
mt cch d-dng: Mt v Tm chng ni g vi nhau c; chnh do s thctp m nhn-thc v -thc cng nhau pht-khi ln ng-thi.
Nhng m chng l tc-gi quyn ''Na-Tin T-kheo Kinh'' li chng thy
ch ''di-dng v rm-r'' ca bn th-d m li vit ra tiu-mc s 052,
di nh th. Tc-gi c thm- mun chng t mt iu g y m ta cha
kp nhn thy hiu chng? Tiu-mc 052 tip theo Tiu-mc s 051 ni
v ''Ci g l ''ngi''?'', trong tc-gi chng-minh ni thn-tm ny chng
c ''ai'' hoc ''ci g'' lm, ni, nh ''con ngi'' c, m ch c cc yu-t
tm-sanh-l phi-hip nhau m a n cc hnh-vi ca thn, ming, v
thi. Chnh ti ni Tiu-mc s 052 ny, li mt ln na, tc-gi mun
chng-minh: khi mt thy, chng c ''ai'' hoc ''ci g'' ni, t mt n
tm, c; ch c nhn-thc khi ln gy thnh mt cm-ng n tm, khin
cho -thc cng pht-khi theo. My yu-t vt-l, sanh-l, v tm-l (mt
thy vt i-tng, nhn-thc, -thc, tm) phi-hp nhau tm, khin
cho -thc khi ln, ri mi c s hay-bit l ang thy vt. Ch c th, ch
chng c ''ngi'' no ni ln iu g c. Nu vn- ch l nh th, th ti
sao ta chng chn mt vi th-d khc, ch r mi lin-lc gia mt
(nhn-thc) vi tm (-thc), v s d mt thy v ri tm cng hay-bit
rng ang thy theo, l do s phi-hip bn trong tm gia nhn-thc
vi -thc m thnh ra tri-gic: thy?
Tr th-thin ca Thin Nht ngh ra c mt th-d, chng bit c thchhp cho vn- nu trn hay khng:

- Mt nt bm-in c dy in ni lin vi mt ng-c. Gn nt bm-in


c mt bng n nh, pht chy ln khi c lung in chy qua dy. Bt nt
bm-in, n chy v ng-c quay. Khi thy n chy, c ''ai'' ng
qut ln bo vi ng-c phi chy chng? Nguyn-nhn lm ng-c quay
chnh l lung in chy qua dy ri n ng-c lm cho my ny phtng ln. Nu chng c dy in, nu chng c lung in, lm g my chy
c. Cng th y, mt nhn vt, cm-gic ny c truyn vo trong, do
h-thng thn-kinh t mt n no, khin cho tm bn trong nhn-bit l mt
ang thy vt: mt nh bng n nt bm-in; si dy truyn in cng
nh h-thng thn-kinh, ng-c cng ta nh no v tm bn trong. Nh
th, ta thy r, nhn-thc c truyn vo trong tm, ni y -thc lin
phi-hip vi cm-gic m thnh ra mt tri-gic: hay-bit rng ang thy vt
c mt nhn n.
c-gi kh tnh s bo, quyn ''T-kheo Na-Tin'' c son cch y gn
hai ngn nm, lm g nhn-loi bit n in-kh m a ra mt th-d
nh th. Th th, Thin Nht xin ni li, ph-hp vi sc hiu-bit ca
ngi t hc ngy xa-xa: Ngoi cng cha c si dy chuyn vo ca cha
bn trong, u dy ny buc vo mt ci chung. H c ai git-git u dy
ngoi cng, th chung bn trong cha ku bon-bon, s c ngi ra m ca.
K mun vo cha, ngi ra m cng, hai ngi u c ni g vi nhau, sao
li cng bit l c khch mun vo cha? Chng qua, c ci chung. Nhng
m, gi m dy chung b ct t, gi m chng git-git u dy, ch tiu
trong cha c bit m ra m cng chng?
Thin-Nht thy hai th-d '''v-duyn'' ca mnh cng qu di, v qu
rm-r lm ri, nn ch bit chp tay li sm-hi v nguyn- cu cho ngi
c nhn thy ra c l v-ng nm n-su trong bn th-d ca Na-Tin:
chng c ''ai''trong thn-tm ny c!
*
152.- Gic-quan v tm phi-hip sanh ra sng-kh .
Vua li hi Na-Tin:
- Mt ngi khi nhn thy, c cng vi s sng-kh sanh ra mt lt
chng?
- Mt thy v s sng-kh ng sanh ra, u theo nhau hip li m sanh
ra.

- Th no l hip?
Cu hi ca nh Vua v li gii-p ca Na-Tin u qui v s phi-hip
ca nhn-thc vi -thc ni tm, sanh ra cm-th: sng hay kh. Tiumc s 053, trang 48 ny tip-tc khai-trin -chnh ca vn-: ''Con ngi
v thuyt V-ng''; tip-tc v khai-trin im: cc cm-th sng hay kh
l do s phi-hip ca nhn-thc (hoc cc thc khc) ni -thc tm, ch
chng c mt ''ngi'' no trong thn-tm ny gy ra v gnh chu ly
cm-th c.
Li p ca Na-Tin tip theo gii-thch, bng hai th-d, th no l hip.
iu ng tic l Na-Tin chng nhn c-hi ny khai-trin thm thuyt
v-ng, thm mt ln na, ngi hc Pht thy cho tng-tn, cm-th
ch l cm-th (tc l mt yu-t tm-l ca thn-tm), ch cm-th chng
phi l ''ngi'' ang c cm-th .
Na-Tin a ra hai th-d v s phi-hip (ging vi Xc trong L 12 NhnDuyn): (1) hai bn tay nm nhau li, mt v cho mt, mt th cho hnh-sc,
hip nhau li thnh phi; (2) hai hn hip nhau; mt hn lm tm, mt
hn lm -ch, c hai hip nhau thnh phi.
K , Vua li hi Na-Tin, ni tiu-mc s 054:
- Sng c my loi?
Na-Tin chng tr li c my loi vui-sng, ch gii-thch th no v khi
no, th sng. Theo Na-Tin, vui-sng l t-mnh gic-tri, tc l t mnh
bit mnh... sng.
Ri Na-Tin k ra hai th-d v khi no sng: (1) k hin-lnh, tn-tm
phc-v Vua, c Vua ban thng tin-bc. K y em tin ra tiu-ph, tngh ta phng-s Vua, c Vua thng tin, nn ta vui sng; (2) ngi
lm iu thin, ni li thin, tm-nim thin c sanh ln ci Tri, hng
mi lc-th, t ngh mnh nay sung-sng l nh khi cn trn-gian lc no
cng tun theo iu thin.
n Tiu-mc s 055, Vua hi tip:
- Gic l nh th no?

Cu tr li ca Na-Tin rt ngn: Tng theo s hiu-bit l gic. V Na-Tin


a ra th-d ngi gi kho vua bit trong kho c bao nhiu vng bc, chu
ngc... gi l gic-tri. Vua Di-Lan khen: ''Lnh thay!''.
Nhng Thin Nht thy cha tho-mn v th-d v li gii-thch v gic,
gic-tri, ca Na-Tin. Cha tha mn im no?
1.- Ch Hn-Vit Gic c ngha l hiu-bit, c chnh-thc dng trong
Pht-hc dch ch Phn Bodhi, gic, gic-gi; tc l ngi gic-ng v
gii-thot nh c Pht. Theo ny, (1) T-gic l t mnh hiu thu l
sng cht v c gii-thot khi cnh Kh ca Lun-hi: y l ngi bit
tu-hnh theo o Pht. (2) Gic-tha l em s gic-ng ca mnh ra ch dy
cho k khc, h c gic-ng theo: y l hng B-tt. (3) Gic-hnh
vin-mn l vic t-gic cng vi cng-cuc gic-tha thi-hnh xong trnvn: y l bc i-gic, tc l c Pht.
2.- Ch Hn-Vit gic-tri c Vua Di-Lan v Na-Tin dng ch s hiubit, th trong hai ch ''gic'' v ''tri'', c hai u c ngha l hiu-bit c; nu
ni c hai, th tha-thi i mt ch. Nhng nu sp th-t trc sau li,
gic-tri thnh ra tri-gic th -ngha ca ch ny c dng trong Pht-hc
li khc hn. V tri-gic l mt yu-t tm-l tr vo vic mt cm-gic t
mt gic-quan bn ngoi a vo bn trong tm, phi-hip vi -thc, tr
thnh mt tri-gic. Trong nm un ca thn-tm, th-un gm c cc cmgic; cn tng-un chnh l s tp-hp ca cc tri-gic. Th-d: khi c cmgic nng tay, tm thy kh chu mi sanh ra kh, l tri-gic.
3.- Cn th-d ca Na-tin v ngi gi kho vua, ngi y bit trong kho c
bao nhiu vng bc, chu bu, v.v. s hiu-bit , ni cho ng ngha en
ca danh-t ny th chng phi l tri-gic, hoc gic-tri c; s hiu-bit
chng qua ch l mt kin-thc, nm sn trong -thc, hoc trong tim-thc
ca anh ta m thi.
K-tip l tiu-mc s 056, Vua hi Na-Tin:
- Con ngi c s-nim ca mnh. C bao nhiu s-nim?
Na-Tin chng tr li c bao nhiu s-nim? m ch gii-thch nhn khi no
m c s-nim. Na-Tin bo, con ngi c s-nim, nhn v c s-tc. Ri
a ra hai th-d: (1) mt ngi pha thuc c ri ung, hoc cho k khc
ung, th mnh b kh, k kia cng kh; (2) k lm c, li dy ngi khc
cng lm c, khin cho c hai phi sa a-ngc.

Mc-tiu-mc ca tiu-mc ny l ch cho thy r nh-hng ca -nh


khi ln trong tm a n hnh-ng bn ngoi. H c -nh c th hnhng s c theo.Ngc li nu c -nh lnh, th s lm hnh-ng thin.
Thin Nht thin ngh: ch s-nim y, mc du chng c Na-Tin nhnghi, nhng n mang ly -ngha ca ch -nh. (Theo ngha gc, s-nim
= s l ch; nim l ngh nh trong lng; cn s-tc = s l ni, tc l lm, l
c hnh-ng). Nu ta xt ch s-nim ca Na-Tin dng theo khi-cnh: nh trong lng, th tiu-mc s 056 ny s d hiu hn, v -nh a n
hnh-vi thin hoc c.
n tiu-mc s 057: Th no l ni-ng? phi th-tht l li vn trong
Bn Phng-dch m-m v hi kh hiu. Nhng c xin chp li on ny v
th -ngh mt li tm hiu khc:
Vua hi Na-Tin:
- Th no l ni-ng?
- -ch bn trong ni ln l ni-ng.
- ng v Hnh thi ra sao?
- Th-d nh chu ng, ni ng c ngi n t nu ln; cc kh-c
pht ra ting v c d-m, l hnh. Con ngi cng nh vy, -ch khi
ln, nhn m c hnh-ng.
Vua khen: Lnh thay!
1)- Trc ht, xin tm hiu ngha ch ca cc danh-t quan-trng:
a.- Ni-ng c ngha l chuyn-ng bn trong. Ci g chuyn ng? Cu
tr li ca Na-Tin ni r: l -ch bn trong ni ln.
b.- -ch l g? l -mun quyt-tm hnh-ng, mt yu-t tm-l
trong tm.
c.- ng l g? phi l ''-ch bn trong ni ln'' va ni.
d.- Hnh l g? Hnh ngha thng l lm; y c l ni n cc hnhng c lm ra bn ngoi.

e.- D-m l g? Ngha en l m-thanh vn cn ko di, tuy nh hn ting


nghe lc ban u. Ti y, ch d-m tr vo Hnh.
2)- K , -chnh ca tiu-mc ny l g? - l: ''-ch khi ln trong
tm a n hnh-ng bn ngoi.'' -chnh ny c lin-h vi tiu-mc
trc (s 056) ni v s-nim v s-tc, tc l c ch ngh c th lm c, c
ch ngh thin th lm lnh. Vy mc-tiu ca tiu-mc ny l b-tc cho
tiu-mc trc: ch r thm, s-nim (ch ngh thin-c), chu nh-hng
ca -ch khi ln (ni-ng) m c hnh-ng ra bn ngoi (s-tc).
3)- Gi y, nu tm-tt hai tiu-mc lin-tip li, ta thy tc-gi mun ni:
''Khi trong tm khi ln -ch, mt yu-t tm-l nh cc s-nim khc
trong tm (lc gi l ni-ng) th a n cc hnh-ng (s-tc) thin
hay c bn ngoi.'' Nh vy, chung qui vn- ch gin-d l: ''V -ch
mnh hn cc s-nim khc, khi ang ng-tm, nn a n s-tc, tc l
hnh-ng thin-c bn ngoi.''
4)- Cn li ci th-d ni ng un si c -ngha g? - Ci ni ng un
nc si sng-sc v vi ci tm-trng ang ng bn trong (ni-ng);
khi bt la, ting nc reo cn vng-vng (d-m), c v vi cc hnhng thin-c bn ngoi.
5)- Sau khi tm hiu ngha ca tiu-mc s 057 xong nh trn, Thin Nht
nhn khi thy ni n ni-ng, xin c vi nhn-xt, lin-quan n Tm,
nhn hai di khi-cnh: (a) gio-l Pht-hc v (b) Tm-l-hc hin-i.
a.- Gio-l Pht-hc chia thn-tm con ngi ra lm hai phn: (1) thn, gm
cc phn v vt-cht, gi l sc, k chung ht cc b-phn trn thn l scun; (2)tm, gm cc yu-t tinh-thn, v-hnh, phn ra bn nhm: th-un
(cc cm-gic), tng-un (cc tri-gic), hnh-un (cc tm-s), v thc-un
(cc s hiu-bit bn trong). Nh th, tm chng phi l mt b-phn, hay
c-quan no ring-bit m do bn un kia kt-hp ln-ln li. V l , vo
bt k mt lc no, tnh-trng hn-hp ca tm cng kh gi cho yn-tnh
c, bi cc yu-t tm-l c thay phin nhau khi ln, ko di ri qua i,
khin cho tm-trng (= tnh-trng ca tm ) c lin-min thay i m chnh
c-nhn cng chng ng v hay-bit r n c. S thay-i ca tmtrng , c gi l ni-ng, s bin-ng xy ra bn trong. Th cho nn,
khi T-kheo Na-Tin gi -ch khi ln l ni-ng, c l chng chnh-xc
cho lm; v -ch ch l mt yu-t tm-l cng nh cc yu-t khc, (trong
Pht-hc gi cc yu-t tm-l l cc tm-s); cc tm-s ny cng c th

khi ln trong tm nh -ch vy. Trong cc yu-t tm-l, c th mnh, c


th yu, c th dai-dng, c th pht qua; nhng -chi va mnh-m li va
bn-b, cho nn mi a ti c hnh-ng ra bn ngoi.
Nhn ni ti ni-ng, s bin-ng trong tm, ta t-hi, c mt tnh-trng
tm no c hon-ton yn-n, vng-lng chng b bin-ng khng, tmtrng an-tnh gi l g, v c cch no tu-tp cho c an-tm? - Tm
chng b ni-ng, an-n, vng-lng, c gi l tm an, khi no tt c cc
-nim dng li, v hnh-gi sp bc vo nh, nn cn gi l nh-tm.
Khi tu-tp theo ba mn hc v-lu l Gii-nh-Hu ht sc chuyn-cn, th
hnh-gi chng nhng c c nh-tm m tr-hu cng c pht-trin
thm. Bc u trong vic tu-tp theo Gii-nh-Hu l lm sao cho chnhnim lc no cng lun sng-t trong tm. Chnh-nim l mt nim chnh,
nim c nhim-v chiu soi ln cc tm-s khc, qui-t c tm-t vo
trong khung-cnh: y v by gi, khin cho cc vng-nim phi chm
lng xung. Tu-tp l gi sao cho thn-tm lc no cng tnh-to, bit rrng rng mnh ngay by gi ang lm g, ang ngh g y. Ch c th m
thi! Nhng nn bit rng, gi c chnh-nim hm bn gi trong ngy, th
ch c bc i-gic nh ch Pht, ch B-tt mi lm c. Sao li kh nh
vy? V lng ngi lun lun chuyn-ng, ngay c trong gic ng cng cn
nm m.
b.- Tm-l-hc hin-i chia tnh-trng caTm ra lm ba vng hay l ba
bnh-din: (1) vng -thc, sng-t m ta c th hay-bit r c cc tng, kin-thc, hoc tnh-cm no hin c mt ni tm; (2) vng timthc, l-m, m cc t-tng, tnh-cm, hiu-bit, tuy chng cn nh thy
c r-rng, nhng chng c th tri tr ln, hi m-h, ti vng -thc
li; (3) vng v-thc, m-mt, tuy cc tnh-cm, t-tng, kin-thc, nay
chng cn nh ngh r n c na, nhng chng c th gp lc bt-thn
no c c-duyn th tr li vng tim-thc hay vng -thc.
6)- V trc khi tm kt-thc vic tm hiu tiu-mc s 057 ny, Thin-Nht
xin nhc li mt mu chuyn l-th trong Php-Bo-n c lin-quan n
vn- ni-ng. Ni Phm I, Hnh-Do, Kinh Php-Bo-n, c thut vic
Lc-T Hu-Nng, by gi cn l c-s, n cha Php-Tnh. Trc sn
cha, gi thi ngn phn pht-ph, c hai v Tng ang tranh-ci nhau.
Ngi ni, ''gi ng'', k ci li, ''phn ng'', tranh-lun nhau mi chng
thi. Hu-Nng bc ra ni: ''Chng phi gi ng, chng phi phn ng,
tm hai ng ang ng y!'' Mi ngi kinh-ngc nhn v c-s qu-ma
ni mt cu ch-l. Php-s n-Tng, tr-tr cha Php-Tnh, nghe mi

ngi bn-tn, mi ra mi Ngi Hu-Nng ln ngi trn chiu v trng-i.


Sau , nh s nhn ra v c-s ny chnh l Lc-T, nn bi nhn Ngi lm
''Thy'', ri mi lm l th-pht cho.
Ti sao: ''chng phi gi ng, chng phi phn ng''? (Phn, ch HnVit l phan, hoc trng phan, tc l l c di, hp, treo ln cao, ng-a
theo ngn gi). ''Chng phi gi ng'', v lm sao m bit c gi ng, nu
chng thy c l phn pht-ph cun bay theo cn gi? ''Chng phi phn
ng'', v cn cha thy r ci g lm cho phn phi lung-lay? Ha ra s
chuyn-ng bn ngoi, m hai nh S ang tranh-ci, ng ra, l do
nguyn-nhn h-tng gia gi v phn; chp ring vo gi cng sai, m
chp ring vo phn cng lm. Cn ch ng-n nht, m t ngi trng
thy ra c, li chnh l s chuyn-ng bn trong tm (s ni-ng) ca
hai v Tng: tm h ang m cht -kin ring ca mnh chng-i li kin ca k kia. Xt thu tn n tm ca nhng k khc, c l ch cc bc
gic-ng nh Ngi Lc-T, mi nhn c v thy ra s ni-ng trong
c hai tm-trng ca hai v tu-hnh cn c-chp .
*
153.- Cc tm-s phi-hip ri chng tch ra c .
Nhc li: Vn- IX: ''Con ngi v thuyt V-ng'' ang c cu-xt t
tiu-mc s 051, n tiu-mc s 058, sp c ta tm hiu, u c mcch chng-minh rng trong thn v trong tm ny chng h c mt ''con
ngi'' no c, m ch c cc yu-t tm-sanh-l phi-hip nhau a n
s cm-nhn, s suy-ngh v hnh-ng, ta h nh c mt ''con ngi''
ang cm-nhn, ang suy-ngh v ang hnh-ng vy.
Ni tiu-mc s 058, Vua hi Na-Tin:
- Hip, tr, nim, , ng, nhng th hip nhau li, ri sau mun phnbit mi th ra c chng?
- Nu khin hip nhau li ri th chng phn-bit ra mi th c na.
Ri chng-minh, Na-Tin ly mt th-d ... kh ''ngon-lnh''! Vua sai
u-bp nu canh, canh phi c nc, tht, hnh, ti, gng, mui, bt. Canh
nu xong dng ln, Vua bo ly v gng ring ra, nm, c c khng?
Ly ring lm sao c? Canh nu ri, u c th tch mi v ring-bit
ra c.

Na-Tin lin kt-lun:


- Cc s-vic y li cng nh th, mt khi hip chung thnh mt ri th
chng th ly ring ra c, y l sng-kh, y l tr, y l ng, y l
-nim.
Cu hi ca nh Vua, li p v th-d ca Na-Tin cn c o su thm:
1)- Cc tm-s: hip, tr, nim, , ng, do nh Vua a ra, em so vi cc
thut-ng dng trong Pht-hc ngy nay, th li ni ca Vua chng c
chnh-xc cho lm:
a.- Hip: khi mt gic-quan i trc vi vt i-tng bn ngoi, c s
tip-xc; s tip-xc gia gic-quan v i-tng, trong Pht-hc ngy nay
ta gi l Xc. Vy thay v ni Hip nh trong bn dch Hn-Vn, ta thy
nu Na-Tin dng ch Xc, th s ph-hp vi L Mi Hai Nhn-Duyn
hn, v khi c Lc-nhp (tc l su cn, hay l su gic-quan), th s c Xc,
tc l s tip-xc ca Lc-nhp vi i-tng.
b.- Tr: Vua v Na-Tin dng cc ch ch, gic, gic-tri, v tr nh cng mt
ngha vi nhau, ni n cc tri-gic trong Pht-hc. Th no l tri-gic? Khi cc cm-gic ti cc gic-quan c truyn vo tm, lin c s phi-hp
gia -thc vi cc thc gic-quan, to thnh tri-gic, ngha l, tm
ang nhn-bit hin c cm-gic ngoi vo. Ri t s nhn-bit m s
sng-kh khi-sanh ln.
c. Nim v Y: Hai ch ny tht ra chng khc g nhau, thng-thng ta thy
khi ni mt nim tc l mun ni n mt , hoc mt t-tng. Trong
Pht-hc, , hay nim, hay t-tng, u l nhng tm-s, hin-din trong
mt thi-gian ni tm, v c nh-hng n tm-trng ca c-th. Nu ta
hiu hai ch Y v Nim nh trong Pht-hc ngy nay, th hai ch Nim, Y
trong cu hi ca nh Vua nu tiu-mc s 058, tt phi c mt ch thathi, v trng vi ch kia.
d.- ng: chng bit nh Vua mun hi ch ng l theo ch ni-ng
m Na-Tin ct ngha nh l -ch, hay l theo ngha ch ng trong
hnh-ng? Nu nm ch ''hip, tr, nim, , ng'' ni n cc tm-s, th
ch ng, ch th nm trong nm ch, phi c ngha l -ch, tc l -mun
quyt-tm s lm, nhng cn cha lm; cn nu ch ng, ch th nm y,
li ch v mt ng-tc bn ngoi, th l mt hnh-ng, biu-hin ra
ngoi ri, ch chng cn trng-thi mt tm-s bn trong na.

e.- Tm-tt li vic tm hiu v nm ch ''Hip, tr, nim, , ng'' trong cu


hi ca vua Di-Lan, ta thy nh Vua mun hi nh vy: t cc cm-gic
bn ngoi a vo tm cho n lc thnh ra cc tri-gic, th cc tm-s
c phi-hip nhau ri, c th no phn-tch ring ra li tng mn c
na khng?
2)- Ti sao cc tm-s phi-hip thnh mt tm-trng chung th chng th
tch ring ra c? Na-Tin dng l-lun tng-t tr li cu hi va
nu : mn canh tht ''ngon'' kia c nhiu gia-v nu chn xong ri, cc
mn gia-v ho-tan ht trong nc canh th lm sao tch ring ra c.
Cch lp-lun tng-t ny dng ch ging nhau gia canh v tm-trng,
chng-minh s bt-kh-phn ca nhiu tm-s c phi-hip; nhng
lp-lun tng-t y chng vch r c, cho ta thy, ti sao chng th
no phn-tch ni. L-do ''chng th tch ra c'' l v, t bc u cc
cm-gic, qua cc giai-on k: tri-gic, sng-kh, ri n -ch, chuyn
thnh hnh-ng, th cc tm-s va c k b bin-thi, chu nhhng ln nhau ri phi-hip li vi nhau m thnh mt tm-trng chung; v
tm-trng chung ny, tuy do cc yu-t tm-s trc m c, nhng cc yut cng bin-thi theo tm-trng, u cn gi y nguyn na, m hng
tch ra tm li. Vy, b-tc cho lp-lun tng-t ca Na-Tin, ta nn
ni thm:
''Cc s-vic li cng nh th, mt khi hip chung nhau li lm mt ri,
th chng ly ring ra c'' ... V cc tm-s phi-hip nhau thnh tmtrng chung, nay bin-thi theo tm-trng, nn chng cn gi nguyntrng na. Do vy, chng th tch ri chng ring ra c.
3)- Trc khi kt-thc vic tm hiu tiu-mc s 058, xin c php ni s
qua v cc Tm-s. Tm-s l g? Tm l lng; s l ch; tm-s l nhng g
hin ang c mt trong lng. Theo Duy-Thc-hc ca Pht-gio BcTng, tm-l con ngi chia ra lm 6 tm-vng v 51 tm-s. Tm-vng
l cc hot-ng chnh ca su thc: nhn-thc, nh-thc, t-thc, thit-thc,
thn-thc v -thc. Cn tm-s l cc hot-ng ph-thuc khi ln tip
theo cc tm-vng; th-d, nhn-thc nhn bit thy c bng hng, lin
khi -mun ngt bng hng ; khi ln -mun l tm-s tc-.
Mt cch tng-qut, 51 tm-s chia thnh (1) tm-s thin, nh tm-s tn
(tin-tng), tm-s tinh-tn (c gng), tm-s tm (bit thn vi lng mnh),
v (2) tm-s bt-thin, nh tm-s tham, tm-s sn...

*
154.- Vai-tr ca cc gic-quan .
Nhc li: qua cc tiu-mc t s 051 n s 059 v 060 sp tm hiu y,
Vua Di-Lan v Na-tin bn v cc gic-quan v tm, lm khi ln tri-gic,
sng-kh v a n hnh-ng. Chnh cc cm-gic ti gic-quan ngoi,
cc tri-gic, sng-kh trong tm, ch-ng khin cho c-th c s
nhn-bit a n hnh-ng bn ngoi; tuyt-nhin chng c mt ''ai'',
hoc mt ''ci g'' ng ra nhn-bit hay hnh-ng c: l thuyt vng, cho rng bn trong thn-tm ny, chng c ci ''Ta'', ci ''Ng'' ch-ng
no c. Tip theo y l hai on vn trong quyn ''T-kheo Na-Tin'' xt v
vai-tr v nh-hng ca cc gic-quan n thn-tm ny.
Ni tiu-mc s 059, nhan- V ca mui, c mt on ni v vai-tr ca
mt. Vua Di-Lan hi Na-Tin:
- Ngi dng mt nhn mui c th ring bit v ca mui chng?
- i-Vng c th bit c mh th khng?... Mt chng th no bit
c v ca mui ...
y l mt iu thng-thc ht sc s-ng m ai ai cng bit: vai-tr
ring-bit ca mi gic quan. Mt ch nhn, tai ch nghe, mi ch
ngi, li ch nm, thn xc-chm ...
Nhng cu hi ca nh Vua u phi ch hi v iu s-ng , m l: mt
nhn thy mui, c bit mui mn khng? Tc l, c phi l do nh mt nhn
thy c mui, ri lin bit c ngay v mn ca mui khng? Chc-chn
l mt chng bit c v; nhng khi mt nhn thy mui, th ti sao ta li c
th bit ngay l mui mn? Cu tr li l: mt ch thy mui, cn tm th
bit v ca mui l mn. Nh th, t mt va thy, n tm bit v ca mui,
c nhng g xy ra, hay l c ''ai'' hoc ''ci g''xen vo lm cho bit
c v? Ngi hiu bit i cht v Tm-l-hc s tr li d-dng: Mt ch
c nhim-v l nhn thy; cn ni Tm c -thc phi-hp cm-gic mt
cng vi k-c (= nh li, v trc kia c ln nm mui ri, nn nay bit
n mn) m to nn tri-gic: bit mui mn. Qu-trnh tm-l ny, Pht-hc
din-t li di hnh-thc sau y: Mt (nhn-cn) nhn i-tng mui bn
ngoi, khi ln cm-gic thy mui, cm-gic ny truyn vo tm, gp thc (ang nhn-bit rng mt ang thy mui), phi-hp vi hi-nim (=

kinh-nghim c c ln nm mui mn), v tri-gic bit v ca mui l mn


lin khi ln trong tm, khin cho k thy mui lin bit ngay l mui mn.
K , ni tiu-mc s 060, Vua li hi Na-Tin v cc tri-gic:
- Ni thn con ngi, dng ng tri thnh mi s-vic, hay l lm mt svic m thnh?
Cu hi ny qu m-m, chng cho thy r-rng ngi hi mun hi g.
Ng tri y c ngha l nm tri-gic, do cc cm-gic t cc gic-quan bn
ngoi a vo, phi hp vi -thc bn trong tm m thnh. Ni cch khc,
ti cc cn (= gic-quan), nhn-thc, nh-thc, t-thc, thit-thc, thn-thc
truyn cm-gic vo tm, cng vi -thc kt-hp li thnh ra nmtri-gic.
Nay nu ta hiu ngha ch ng tri l nm tri-gic, do t cc cm-gic nm
cn bn ngoi (mt, tai, mi, li v thn) a vo, kt-hp vi -thc bn
trong tm m thnh, th cu hi ca nh Vua c ngha l: con ngi dng
nm tri-gic m thnh mi s-vic, hay l ch cn mt tri-gic m thi?
Li Na-Tin p li cng chng km m-m, kh hiu:
- Lm thnh mi s-vic, ch chng phi do mt s-vic m thnh.
Nu ta hiu ch ''s-vic'' y l cc tm-trng cn bn trong, hoc cc
hnh-ng l ra bn ngoi, th li p ca Na-Tin c ngha l, mi ''svic'' u do c nm tri-gic phi-hp li m thnh, ch chng phi ch do
mt tri-gc. iu ny cng d hiu, v mi tm-trng u do cc tm-s kt
thnh, trong s cc tm-s hoc c mt tri-gic hoc nhiu tri-gic. Hay
l mi hnh-ng cng u do nhiu tri-gc bn trong thc-y ra bn ngoi,
ch chng phi ch ring c mt tri-gic. Hiu theo li ny th mi ph-hp
vi -ngha trong tiu-mc trc ni v trong nc canh nu chn, chng
th tch ring ra tng v c, v c s phi-hp gia cc v-nm ri.
Tiu-mc s 060 ny ch nhc li ci -tng phi-hp , chung cho c
nm loi tri-gic, to nn hai th ''s-vic'' l (1) tm-trng, v (2) hnhng. Th thi! V ta li thy th-d trng ng cc trn mt tha t, do NaTin a ra thm, cng chng cn cn-thit na.
*

155.- S bt-bnh-ng ni loi ngi .


Tip theo ni tiu-mc s 061, Vua Di-Lan hi Na-Tin, v sao c s btbnh-ng trong loi ngui; c ngi p k xu, ngi sang k hn, ngi
kho-mnh, k tn-tt, ngi c tn-knh k b khinh-khi... T-kheo NaTin a ra th-d cy ci c tri chua qu ngt, c ng, c cay, v loi
ngi cng li nh vy. L-do ca s bt-bnh-ng, c sn t lc mi ra
i v li ko di c cuc sng, l v, theo li c Pht dy:
- Ty ngi lm iu thin-c m t mnh phi c c iu thin-c y; c
ngi ho-qu, c ngi bn-cng, tt c u do mng sng i trc lm
iu thin-c, mi ngi u ty theo c-hnh ca mnh m c nh th.
Ta thy li c Pht dy v s bt-bnh-ng, m Na-Tin nhc li y,
thng c nghe ging trong Gio-l v l-thuyt Nghip-qu: bi i
trc lm iu bt-thin nn nghip-qu dn dt ti-sanh vo ch khnkh, phi gnh-chu ly c-nghip, tc l nh-hng cn st li ca cc
hnh-vi c- xu-c i trc. Chnh thuyt nghip-qu ny gii-thch
c, mt cch hu-l, s chnh-lch gia thn-phn ca mi ngi. So vi
cc thuyt khc, nh-mng, hoc ngu-nhin, thuyt nghip-qu c phn
cao-thm hn:
- v thuyt nghip-qu tn-trng v -cao t-do c-nhn: hnh-phc con
ngi u c l-thuc vo mt ng Thng- no p-t sn, m chnh
mnh t-to nghip ra ly cho mnh gnh-chu: lc u mnh lm ch to
ra n, v sau n tr li lm ch mnh.
- v tin thuyt nghip-qu, hnh-ng ca con ngi tr nn ng-n hn,
c tinh-thn trch-nhim hn, bit gi-gn c-hnh cho thanh-cao hn.
- v thuyt nghip-qu gii-thch mt cch rt cng-bng s bt-bnhng trong thn-phn ca mi ngi: i ny c tha-h lm c, ri i sau
s phi chu kh, th trch ai?
*
156.- ''Lc ring'' hay l chnh l Nghip-lc?
Tiu-mc s 063, kh di, tuy bn v chuyn la di a-ngc, nhng
nu suy-ngh k li, th thy -chnh ca tiu-mc c lin-quan n mt

khi-cnh ca nghip-lc. Vua Di-Lan ang thc-mc v a-ngc, nn mi


hi Na-Tin nh vy:
- Ch sa-mn cc khanh c ni, la th-gian chng ging vi la angc. Li ni, cm mt hn nh t trong la th-gian mi cho n
chiu ti, cng chng tiu-tan, m cm mt hn ln t trong la angc th tiu-tan ngay c. Do , Ta chng th tin c. Cc khanh cng
li ni, ngi lm c, khi mt, phi chu sa vo a-ngc hng ngn vn nm
cn cha cht tiu c; do , Ta li cng chng th tin li ni c.
S thc-mc ca nh Vua gm c hai im: (1) la th-gian chng ging
vi la a-ngc; (2) thi-gian mng sng th-gian v a-ngc khc nhau.
Thc-mc chnh-ng c th c gii-ta ngay c phn no, bng mt
cu tr li gin-d: th-gian v a-ngc l hai cnh-gii hon-ton khc
nhau, v th, la v thi-gian hai ni phi khc nhau. Tuy nhin cu tr li
li gy thm mt thc-mc khc:
Hai cnh-gii th-gian v a-ngc khc nhau nh th no, v lm cch
sao m bit c?
n ci thc-mc mi ny, th xin chu thi (!), chng th no lm cho ngi
th-gian bit r c cnh-gii a-ngc, tr phi c mt ngi cn sng i
vo c a-ngc ri tr v thut li nhng g nghe thy ni cnh-gii
y: mt vic chng c thng-nhn no th-gian ny lm c c.
V chng th no tr cho ngi th-gian thy c vic xy ra i-ngc,
Na-Tin phi dng l-lun tng-t chng-minh rng:
(1) ngay ti th-gian ny, c nhng s-vt vn cn tn-ti c, trong khi
cc s-vt khc, cng mt hon-cnh, li b tiu-tan;
(2) a-ngc cng th, ti-nhn chu cc-hnh cht i sng li trong thigian rt di m chng tiu-tan.
Cn-bn ca lp-lun tng-t ny l cc bo-thai trong bng m c tip-tc
ny n trong bng m, m cc thc-phm do m n vo trong bng li c
tiu-ha ht. Ch tng-t m Na-Tin mun nhn mnh n l, cng trong
bng m, thai-nhi th cn, m thc-phm li tiu-tan. Na-Tin a ra rt
nhiu th-d mang thai, t giao-long ci, gip-ng ci, s-t ci, cp ci, ch
ci, tru ci, nga ci,... cho n cc v phu-nhn, c b trng-gi ''c bu''
c n-ung nh thng m thai-nhi vn c trng-dng, trong khi cc

thc-phm th b tiu-ha ra ngoi. L-do l cc thai-nhi nh c ''lc ring''


m tn-ti c. V sau mi th-d , Na-Tin nhc i nhc li nhiu ln
ci kt-lun v vic xy ra a-ngc:
- Ngi ni a-ngc cng li nh vy, s d ngn vn nm chng cht tiu
l do i trc lm vic c cn cha c gii ht, v th m chng cht
tiu. Ngi ni a-ngc, ln ln a-ngc, ri gi-nua cho n tn th
mi cht c.
Chng bit vua Di-Lan hiu ch ''lc ring'' nh th no v lp-lun
tng-t ca Na-Tin cho rng ''lc ring'' ging vi ''vic c cn cha
c gii ht'' c ''thm vo'' tr hiu-bit ca nh Vua cht no khng, m
nh Vua li khen lp-lun y: Lnh thay!
Thin Nht li ngh khc, v Gio-l v khoa-hc dng nh chng chpthun s gii-thch bng lp-lun tng-t nh th .
Sn-khoa trong y-hc dy rng, khi mang thai, nu m dng n thc-phm
hay dc-phm no c tnh-cht k-thai, c th b ... h thai.
V mt Gio-l, Pht-hc c dy, ni l-thuyt Mi Hai Nhn-Duyn, khi
c mt V-minh th Hnh (= hnh-nghip) ni ln; khi Hnh khi-sanh th
Thc (= nghip-thc) pht-ng v i vo bo-thai ni bng m m tr
thnh Danh-sc (= thai-nhi) c c mng sng. Chnh mng-sng cng
nghip-thc khin thai-nhi ln ln sau ny sanh ra khi bng m. Vy,
c l ch ''lc ring'', m Vua Di-Lan v T-kheo Na-Tin dng, tr ngay
vo s phi-hp gia hnh-nghip v mng sng chng? Nhng theo
ngha en ca ch Hn-Vit, ''lc'' l phc ring ca mt c-nhn, nh ni
''ngi c hng lc'', nh gi ngi cht l ''tht lc''. Thin Nht ly
lm l ti sao tc-gi, hay dch-gi Hn-vn, chng dng n ch ''Nghip''
thay th cho ch ''lc'' trong quyn ''T-kheo Na-Tin'' ny, m li ly ch
''lc'' va tt va qu th-gian y, v vi ''ti c'' va xu li va d
cn cha c gii-tiu a-ngc kia.
Nu cn c ngi thc-mc, lm sao bit chc c a-ngc, v a-ngc ra
lm sao, th tng nn cn-c vo Gio-l m ni: nhng ngi c-o nh
Ngi Mc-kin-lin chng hn, c th dng php thn-thng m vo ra i
ngc thm m, nh trong Kinh Vu-lan c nhc n. V khi mnh tu cha
c-o, tng cng chng nn nn-nng mun bit s-vic cc cnh-gii
khc, sao li chng chu nh rng, vic cn-cp hin gi l phi chuyn-cn
tinh-tn tu-tp ngay?

*
157.- Nn c thi- no i vi thn-tm ny?
Nh xt qua cc tiu-mc va k trong Vn- IX ny: Con ngi v
thuyt V-ng, thn-tm ny l v-ng, chng c ch, th i vi n, ta
nn c thi- nh th no. l -chnh ca tiu-mc s 075, phn Phngdch. Tiu-mc ny cch xa cc tiu-mc va cu-xt, nhng -chnh li
lin-quan n vn- m ta ang tm hiu.
Vua hi Na-Tin:
- Sa-mn c mn-thng thn-th ca mnh chng?
- Sa-mn chng t thng-mn thn mnh.
- Sa-mn chng mn-thng thn mnh, c sao khi ngh-ngi li mun
nm ni m-, khi n ung li mun vt ngon ca p, t sn-sc mnh nh
th?
Cu hi ny ca Vua, tuy xc-ng, nhng c hi ''ma-mai'' mt cht, cho
nn li p ca Na-Tin cng kh ''d-dm'' i li. Na-Tin hi ngc li
nh Vua: Khi nh Vua ra trn b thng th lm sao? Vua p, th bng-b
vt thng li. Na-Tin hi tip:
- i-Vng v mn-thng vt thng m dng thuc, dng cao v bng
gn bng-b vt thng chng?
- Ta ch mong-mun vt thng mau lnh, ch u c mn-thng n.
- Sa-mn cng li nh vy, chng mn-thng thn mnh; tuy n ung, tm
chng vui-khoi... m ch mun cho thn-th kho-mnh c th phnghnh gii-lut, kinh-k ca Pht...
Ri nhn , Na-Tin trch-dn mt on Kinh: ''Thn ngi c chn l
hng, ta nh chn vt m ca mu-thng; t ni chn l chy ra cht
d hi-thi...''
Ta bit, thn-tm ny l v-thng, s c ngy tan-r, nhng n rt qubu v nh n m ta mi c th hc o gii-thot. Do , thi- ng-n
i vi thn-tm v-ng ny l phi gi-gn n cho c kho-mnh m

hc o, ch chng phi cung-phng n cho n chy theo cc th-vui


vt-cht.
*
158.- Thn-tm ny, khi phn-tch k ra, l v-ng.
Ni tiu-mc s 096, cu hi cui cng ca Vua Di-Lan c lin-quan n
thn-phn ca con ngi. y l cu hi kt-thc cuc m-lun y l-th
v Pht-Php gia nh Vua v v T-kheo. Vua hi Na-Tin:
- c lm ngi, ci chi lm cho ta c c lm ngi? Mt th thy sc,
tai th nghe ting, mi th ngi mi, ming th nm v, thn th bit ch th,
ch nhuyn, tr th bit phn-bit iu lnh, iu c, th th ci chi lm cho ta
c c lm ngi?
Ta nn tm hiu -ngha ca cu hi quan-trng ny. ''c c lm ngi''
tc l c lm ''ngi'', v ni con ngi y, cc cn: ''mt, tai, mi, ming,
thn v tr'' khi khi-ng, c phi l ''con ngi'' chng? Hay l cn c
c-im quan-trng, ch-cht no khc trong thn-tm lm cho ta
c thnh ''con ngi''?
Na-Tin chng tr li ngay, m hi ngc li Vua:
- Th d nh c ngi khin cho mt nhng ln ra khi ng-t th c thy
c rng xa hn chng, khin cho vnh tai to ln th c nghe c ting
tht xa chng, khin cho mi hnh ln ln th c ngi c mi nhiu thm
chng, khin cho ming m hoc ra th c nm c nhiu v chng, khin
cho da tht cng phng rng ra th c bit thm th nhuyn chng, khin cho
tr vt ni ln th c suy-nim c nhiu thm chng?
- Chng c.
Xt -ngha ca cu va qua m Na-Tin hi ngc li Vua, ta thy, NaTin mun hi: gi-d cc cn c ni rng gii-hn thm ra, th cc cmgic mt, tai, mi, ming, da v s suy-nim tr c gia-tng thm ln
chng? Tc l, Na-Tin ngm cho rng, cc cn , du cho c ni rng
thm ra, cng chng phi l cc ''ci'' lm cho ta ''c c lm ngi''.
Dng- ca Na-Tin c Vua ng-, khi Ngi p: ''Chng c.''

c ti na, ta ly lm l, ti sao Na-Tin (v tc-gi quyn ''Na-Tin Tkheo Kinh'' ny) b lng ci dng- trn y m li quay sang ni n
kh-nng siu-vit ca c Pht: ''...ni ch lm, Ngi lm c vic tht
kh; ni ch bit, ngi bit rt thm-diu...'' khin cho mch-lc on vn
ny tr nn lng-lo v... lng-cng! y ta th c tip theo ngay , th s
thy r ch thiu mch-lc:
Na-Tin lin ni:
- c Pht ti ch lm, Ngi lm c vic tht kh; ni ch bit, Ngi
bit rt thm-diu.
- Ch lm vic tht kh, ch bit rt thm-diu, -ngha nh th no?
- c Pht ni: Ngi c th bit c cc b-phn trong ngi, gii-thch
c nhng g mt thy, tai nghe, mi ngi, ming nm, thn s-chm, ct
ngha cc iu thnh-bi, cc vic nghi-ng, ging r cc t-tng, -nim,
cc vn- tm-linh.
K , Na-Tin li a mt th d v ngm nc bin, nh sau:
- Nh c ngi ngm mt ngm nc bin mn, c th no phn-bit ra
c phn nc no l nc t sui chy n, phn nc no t sng chy
n chng?
- Nc ha chung li thnh mt, lm sao bit ring c.
- Ch Pht lm mt vic tht kh, l phn-bit bit r hng-v ca mi
th nc, nh nc bin m nay i-Vng cn cha phn-bit c, nh
thn-tr con ngi vn cha thy c trong thn c su s-vic chng th
thy...
Sau th d ngm nc bin , Na-Tin mi i mt kt-lun:
- Bi th cho nn, c Pht gii-thch, tng theo tm-nim m n vi
mt mi thy vt, tng theo tm-nim m n vi tai mi nghe ting, tng
theo tm-nim m n vi mi mi ngi mi, tng theo tm-nim n vi
ming mi nm v, tng theo tm-nim n vi thn mi bit sng kh,
nng lnh, th cng, tng theo tm-nim n vi mi bit ch qui-hng.
Pht tt bit ht c, phn-bit gii-thch r-rng ht c.

Vng khen: Lnh thay!


Tiu-mc s 096 kt-thc vi li Vua khen: Lnh thay. Nh th, khi Vua
hi, ''ci g lm cho ta c c lm ngi'', Na-Tin chng tr li thng cu
hi , m li ni v tr hiu-bit siu-vit ca Pht, lm v bit ht tt c.
Chnh v thy ch ''tr li n trt'' , nn Thin-Nht mi phm ti hnho, ni tiu-mc ny hi ''lng-cng''.
c k li tiu-mc ny nhiu ln, Thin Nht thy rt r-rng: -chnh l
ni v thuyt v-ng, ni thn-tm ny chng c ci chi ng lm ch-cht
c, chng c ci ''Ng'' no trong ng ra lm cho Ta ''c c lm
con ngi c.'' Thin Nht ly lm l sao, khi c dng- mun ni, du cho
cc gic-quan c c m rng thm gii-hn (nh m bt m mt ra, vnh
vnh tai ln...) cng chng lm cho k thy-nghe-bit nhiu hn ln th,
ng-nhin phi i n kt-lun l: cc gic-quan chng th lm cho ta c
c con ngi.
Nhng rt tic, Na-Tin li quay sang ni v nht-thit-tr (= tr hiu bit tt
c) ca c Pht. Hoc gi, Na-Tin mun da ln trn nht-thit-tr ca
c Pht ch cho ta thy r rng ''tng theo tm-nim m n vi mt,
vi tai, ... th mi thy c vt, nghe c ting'', chng minh rng
chnh ci''tm-nim'' y, hoc ci tin-trnh t tm-nim n cc gic-quan
mi khin ''con ngi'' thy, nghe, v bit... c. Nhng tuyt-nhin, ta
chng thy trong trng l-lun ca Na-Tin c mt ch no minh-th khngnh, hoc ph-nh rng, ci tm-nim chnh l ''ci'' m Vua Di-Lan
mun hi, tc l ''ci chi lm cho ta c c lm con ngi?''
n y, ta thy r, mun tr li thng cu hi ca vua Di-Lan, th Na-Tin
ch c mt gii-php duy-nht, ng theo Gio-l nh Pht, l ni: Chng c
''ci chi'' trong thn-tm ny khin cho ta c c lm ''con ngi''ht.
V l l-thuyt v-ng c c Pht dy trong Kinh V-ng-tng
(Tng-ng B-Kinh, Q.3, Ph. Tham-luyn, VII, trang 125-129) l bi Kinh
th nh ca c Pht thuyt-ging ti vn Lc-Uyn, sau bi Kinh Chuyn
Php-Lun, c s tham-d nghe ca nm anh em ng Kiu-Trn-Nh. (ng
Kiu-Trn-Nh chng qu Thnh ngay sau khi nghe bn Kinh th nht; cn
bn v kia, nh nghe thm Kinh V-ng-tng mi chng c o-qu.)
Nhng, tr li cu Vua hi, nu ch c mi mt vic l c p, chng c
''ci chi'' trong thn-tm ny khin cho ta c c lm ''con ngi'' l

ri, th ti sao Na-Tin li di-dng trong th-d v ngm nc bin v nhtthit-tr ca Th-tn?
Theo ngu-, Thin Nht thy chng phi Na-Tin lm mt thi-gi ca
nh Vua cht no u. Khi nu ln th-d , Na-Tin mun ch cho nh
Vua thy rng, ch c s phn-tch ht sc t-m bng nht-thit-tr ca Thtn mi a n s ''phn-bit gii thch r-rng ht tt c''. Nu chng chu
kh phn-tch thn-tm t-m nh th, th lm sao c c mt li gii-thch
r-rng v chnh-xc? V khi phn-tch t-m thn-tm ny, ta ch thy c
nhiu yu-t, hoc vt-l nh s-vt i-tng bn ngoi, hoc sanh-l nh
cc gic-quan, hoc tm-l nh cc tm-s, tm-nim, cng phi-hp nhau,
tc-ng ln ln nhau, m thnh cc s thy, nghe, hiu, bit, hnh-ng ca
con ngi, ch chng h c mt yu-t no ng lm ''con ngi''' vo nm
trong thn-tm y ring t mnh m ng vai-tr hon-ton ch-ng
c c. chng phi l-do chng-t rng con ngi l v-ng hay sao?
Xin nhc li: ngay khi va tip-kin Na-Tin v phi-on T-kheo n
hong-cung, Vua Di-Lan c hi: ''Ai l Na-Tin? ... u, ... mt, tai, mi,
ming l Na-Tin chng?'' (tiu-mc s 013, trang 11). V Na-Tin p:
''Chng phi''. n cu hi cui-cng ny, (tiu-mc s 096, trang 76), Vua
cng hi li: ''... mt, tai, mi... ci chi lm ta c c con ngi?'' Phi
chng, c hai cu hi, cu hi u-tin v cu hi cui cng ca nh Vua u
qui v chung mt vn- duy-nht, m nh Vua thc-mc hn ht: ''Con
ngi l ai?'' V hai li gii-p ca T-kheo Na-Tin, vo hai lc trc v
sau, cng u c nh Vua tn-thng c. Cho nn, mt bc tinh- nh Tkheo Na-Tin tt nhn thy rng, c l gi y chnh l lc nn kt-thc
cuc m-lun v xin kiu-t ra v.
Cuc m-lun l-th gia bc Vng-gi vi v T-kheo li-lc c th ktthc ti y, nhng cng-vic Tm hiu Ngha vn cha th gi l xongxui, v b st vi cu hi ca vua Di-Lan, cn cha c xt n. Cc
cu hi ny ch c tm quan-trng th-yu v cc kin-thc tng-qut ti cc
tiu-mc: s 059; s 064; s 079; v s 093. Vy xin xt nt ti Vn- X:
Cc cu hi linh-tinh v kin-thc tng-qut.
-----*-----

X.- Vn-: Cc cu hi linh-tinh v kin-thc tng-qut


159.- Mui, nc bin v bin .
Ti tiu-mc s 059, nhn th-d ca Na-Tin v mn canh c tht, c mui,
c gng..., Vua Di-Lan nu ln cu hi v v ca mui, nh sau:
- Ngi dng mt nhn v ca mui c th ring bit c chng?
- i-Vng c bit c nh th khng? C th no dng mt nhn m bit
c v ca mui hay sao?
- Mt chng th bit c v ca mui.
Ai cng bit mi gic-quan c c-nng ring: mt thy vt, tai nghe ting,
li nm v, th lm sao m mt c th nm c v. Nhng con ngi cn
c kinh-nghim bn-thn v cc vt i-tng bn ngoi, mt khi c c
kinh-nghim li nm v ca mui mn ri, th sau , mt nhn thy mui,
lin nh n kinh-nghim c, nn bit ngay cht mui , v ca n th mn.
n cu hi: ''Chic xe tru ch mui c ring bit v ca mui chng?'', th
qu thit l ''ng-ngn'' qu, v l chic xe l vt v-tri, c bit c cmgic no u, m hng ring bit v ca mui?
Li n mt cu hi na: ''V ca mui c th cn-lng c chng? cng
chng km phn ''ng-ngn''. V th chng th no t ln bn-cn m cn
cho c, nhng v mn, t hay nhiu, mn-mn, mn-cht, th c th c
phn-bit ring ra, nhng ch bng li m thi. Cn cn-lng c, chng
phi l v ca mui, m l sc-nng ca mui kia. My iu hiu-bit
thng-thc ny, c l g vi mt bc Vng-gi ''vn-v ton ti, lu-thng
thao lc'' nh Vua Di-Lan.
Ti tiu-mc s 093, nh Vua hi v T-kheo v bin v nc bin. Cu tr
li ca T-kheo Na-Tin v nc bin c ch chng c chnh-xc cho lm.
Na-Tin ni:
- S d ngi ta gi l bin, v trong nc bin c na phn nc, na phn
mui.
Ch thiu chnh-xc l nc bin thng ch cha nhiu lm l mt phn
trm cht mui, ch chng phi n nm mi phn trm. Trn th-gii ch

c bin-h Mer Morte, vng Trung-ng, c mt- mui trong nc ln


n hai mi su phn trm m thi.
*
160.- T-i l g?
Nhn ang bn chuyn la th-gian, la a-ngc, nh Vua hi Na-Tin
(tiu-mc s 064):
- Sa-mn cc khanh c ni, t trong thin-h u ti trn nc, nc ti
trn gi, gi ti trn khng, Ta chng th tin l ng nh th.
Thay v tr li thng cu Vua hi, Na-Tin cm bu nc gi ln v hi
ngc li Vua:
- Nc trong bu ny c phi do gi tr gi chng?
- D nhin, do gi tr gi.
- Gi tr gi nc, cng li nh vy.
Vua khen: ''Lnh thay!''
Chng bit Vua hiu li gii-thch ca Na-Tin nh th no, nhng Thin
Nht thy cn li-dng c-hi ny tm hiu thm v T i. Th-gii
vt-cht c bn cht nguyn-t, c mt khp ni, gi l T i (t = bn;
i = ln). V c mt khp mi ni nn c gi l i, l ln: a-i
(t, cht cng), thy-i (nc, cht lng), ho-i (la, hi nng) v
phong-i (gi, cht kh). Bn cht: cng, lng, nng v hi ny nng vo
nhau m tn-ti. Ch nng vo nhau chnh l ch m Vua Di-Lan v Tkheo Na-Tin gi l ''tr-gi''.
Nng-ta vo nhau l nh th no? Trong t, c nc, c nng, c hi;
cng nh trong nc, cng c cc cht kia vy. V trong bn i, lun lun
c s tng-tr, khi th ho-thun nhau; c s tng-khc nhau, khi th
chng-i nhau, khin cho c s bin-chuyn lun lun ni vt-cht, m
thnh ra ci l v-thng ca vn-vt, lun lun bin i.
*

161.- Khc .
Nhn khi nghe ni v c Pht t mnh thng-hiu tt c Kinh-k v Giilut, Vua Di-Lan mi hi Na-Tin:
- C k khi cha m cht th than-khc, l trn; li c ngi v nghe Kinh
Pht m a l, hai ln chy nc mt c khc nhau khng?
Li p ca Na-Tin c v hi ''nghim-khc'' i vi nhng ngi con bi
thng cha m cht m khc, v Na-Tin bo:
- K v cha m cht m khc l do thng-cm, tm-nim u-su, au-kh;
cc s u-su tc l u-su ca s ngu-si. Cn ngi a l v nghe c
Kinh Pht l do tm-nim t-i, ngh n th-gian kh-nhc, nn mi khc,
nh th c phc rt to ln.
Xin ng- vi Na-Tin l do tm-nim t-i ngh n cnh-kh th-gian
m khc khi nghe c Kinh Pht, nhng k khc v cha-m cht no c
khc v s ngu-si u? Tht ra, c hai cnh khc u do tm cm-ng m
a l. Cm-ng v ngi mnh thng nay chng cn na, nn mnh mi
khc. Cm-ng v t trc n gi mnh chng hiu r thn-phn khn-kh
ca con ngi ni th-gian ny, nay nghe Kinh Pht gii r ch ngu-si ca
mnh ra, ch cho mnh v cc ng-loi ca mnh thy con ng thot kh,
nn mnh mi a l. V c hai ci khc chn-thnh u mang li phc lnh
c.
*
162.- Tm-trng ca Vua Di-Lan v T-kheo Na-Tin sau cuc m-lun
v o-php .
n y ch cn tm-tt vi trang on cht ni Phn III ca cun ''NaTin T-Kheo Kinh'', th c th kt-thc vic Tm hiu Ngha .
Sau cu hi cht v ''ci chi lm cho ta c c lm ngi?'', ca nh Vua,
T-kheo Na-Tin cm thy n lc nn kt-thc cuc m-lun k-th v
Gio-l nh Pht gia hai ngi, nn tha rng:
- qu na m ri, ti xin ra v...
Trc khi tin-bit, vua ni li khen tng (m cng t-khen na):

- c v Thy dy nh Na-Tin, v c -t nh Ta, chc l mau c o


lm.
K , Vua sai mang mi vn b y tht p cng-dng, v mi NaTin cng cc T-kheo hng ngy c n vng-cung dng cm; ngoi
ra, nu c cn dng iu chi Vua s cung-phng. Trc li t-chi khimnhng ca Na-Tin, Vua Di-Lan thnh-khn bo, ''Na-Tin nn nhn t
gip mnh m cng gip cho Vua''. Na-Tin thc-mc hi sao li t-gip
mnh m li cng gip cho Vua na. Nh Vua gii-thch rt kho-lo:
- S e ngi ngoi bn-tn bo rng Ta keo-kit, Na-Tin v Vua gii ht
cc ch h-nghi m Vua chng ban thng g c. Hoc s e c k khc bo,
Na-Tin chng gii ni c cc ch Vua cn h-nghi, nn chng c
Vua ban-thng g c. Na-Tin m nhn, l gip Ta c phc, m
cng gip cho Na-Tin gi c trn danh-ting...
Na-Tin mi nhn tng-phm v ra v, di nh uc ca cc quan hu-cn
theo lnh Vua a phi-on T-kheo v cha.
m y, Vua nm thao-thc, ngh rng, '' hi Na-Tin bit bao li, NaTin u gii-p tt c. Ta t nh li cc ch hi, chng c cu no NaTin chng gii r Ta... '' Vi -ngh y, nh Vua tm rt hoan-h, nm an
ngh cho n sng.
Cn phn Na-Tin, khi v n cha, cng ngh, ''i-Vng hi ti bit
bao nhiu s-vic, ti cng v i-Vng ging-gii by nhiu s-vic.
Ti li ngh, cc ch i-Vng hi ti, ti u phn-tch r ht...'' Vi ngh y, v T-kheo li-lc tm rt hoan-h sut m cho n sng...
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Vi li xin tha nt...
Knh tha Qu-V o-hu,
c qu v c n trang cht ny, Thin Nht xin chn-thnh cm-t qu
V chng ngi tn-ph thi-gi v chu kh xem qua li vn vng-v,
-kin th-thin ca Thin Nht trong khi Tm hiu mt bn ''Kinh-Lun''
rt ni ting ny.

Quyn ''T-kheo Na-Tin'' xut-hin trong nn vn-chng Pht-hc gn


hai ngn nm, di nhiu hnh-thc t ch Phn, ch Hn, ch Min, ch
Tch-lan, ch Anh, ch Php, v.v..., vi ni-dung khc nhau, ty ni xutbn. Thin-Nht hc gio-l nh Pht qua Kinh-sch xut-x t Hn-Tng,
cho nn Thin-Nht mi phng-dch bn Kinh-Lun ny trong i-Tng.
Thin Nht chng dm dng cc ch phin-dch, hay chuyn-ng, v bit
mnh sc hc cn non km, phng theo cng kh ri, hung h l dm
ngh mnh dch ng. Xin chp tay ci u ch i li ch-gio ca cc bc
cao-minh.
Trong khi tm hiu ngha ch v ngha ca bn kinh-lun ny, Thin Nht
hn mt ln c li v-l, nh ng-ngn, lng-cng, xin qu V o-hu
nim tnh tha cho ci ti ''bc ng'' ca k va mi bc chn vo ng
hc Pht. Nhn y, Thin Nht cng ng li cam chu ti vi tc-gi v
dch-gi trong Hn-Tng, v Thin Nht t-tin thm vo cc tiu-, s
tiu-mc v cc ch nh in nghing trong du ngoc. chng qua l v
mun vic tra-cu li cho c d-dng, v gii-thch thm ch kh
phng-dch ra chng ni. Tuyt-nhin Thin Nht chng dm xen vo bn
Phng dch c -kin ring ca mnh. Theo -hng ny, ch chp li ch
Tm hiu ca mnh ring ra ti mt phn sau, sau bn Phng-dch.
Vic nghin-cu tn tc-gi, tn dch-gi, bn no ng theo gc chnh-vn,
Thin Nht chng dm ngh n, xin ch i s kho-st vi y- bng c
ca cc hc-gi kho-c; v nguyn-cu v li trong Kinh-lun s mang
nhiu li-lc cho ng tu ca ngi c.
Trn-trng,
Montreal, 2005- 03-28
Thin Nht
D- Bn Phin-m NA-TIN T-KHEO KINH
Quyn Thng
Pht ti X-v quc, K-th, Cp-c-c vin thi, ch T-kheo tng, tkheo ni, u-b-tc, -b-di, ch Thin, Vng, i-thn, trng-gi, nhndn cp s cu thp lc chng o-gi phm vn d nhn, Pht tin thnh
kinh. Pht t nim nhn chng nht a thm bt c an. Pht dc x nhn
chng kh o nhn bnh x, ta t-duy nim o. Pht tc x nhn chng
kh nhp sn ch hiu la tng th gian, k th hu thn. Pht ta k h, t
nim thanh-tnh chi o. Kh tng th bt vin, hu qun tng ng b d

u, trung hu Tng-vng hin thin, tri thin c chi s, th nh nhn


trng. Tng bi chng a chu tp Tng-vng bin, trung hu hng, th,
trng x, trung x, thiu x gi. Tng-vng kht, dc hnh m thy; thi
ch tiu tng tu c tin nhp thy m; m d, thy trung tu h no lao
thy linh trc-. Tng-vng bt nng c thanh thy m. Tng-vng
c, dc hnh thc tho; ch tiu tng phc tu c tin thc m m tho,
tu h o tin k thng. Tng-vng bt nng c tnh tho thc.
Tng-vng t nim, ng qun tng a hon, th ch tng cp tiu
tng t no thy linh trc, linh tho bt tnh nhi phn thng m trc thy,
thc tc tin chi tho. Tng-vng t nim, ng dc kh th ch tng kh
o nht bnh x khoi gia. Tng-vng tc kh qun nhi kh, chuyn
hnh nhp sn o hiu la tng th gian. Tng-vng kin Pht, Pht ta
th h, tm i hoan h, tc tin ch Pht s, u, khut tt, v Pht tc l,
khc ti nht din tr. Pht t nim, ng kh chng nhn, lai ti th gian;
Tng-vng dic phc kh chng tng lai o th th gian, k ngha thch
ng. Pht v Tng-vng thuyt kinh, ngn, Pht nhn trung ti tn;
Tng-vng ch tng trung dic tn. Pht ngn, ng tm d Tngvng tm thch tng trung hip. Ng d Tng-vng cu lc th th
gian. Tng-Vng thnh kinh cnh, tm tc khai gii, hiu tri Pht , tin
th Pht s bng dng, kinh hnh x; d t th thy si i, d t lao tho to
i, d tc o i linh bnh ho. Tng-Vng nht triu m tha s nh
th. Cu hu, Pht tin th v-vi N-hon o kh. Tng-vng bt tri Pht
x, vi chu tuyn hnh, cu sch Pht bt c, khp su u bt lc, bt cm
thc m.
Thi quc trung hu Pht t x ti sn thng, danh Ca-la-hon; trung hu
ng bch sa-mn cng ch; k trung giai c A-la-hn o, thng d nguyt
lc trai nht tng kinh ch minh thi. Tng-vng dic ti sn thng cn
t bin, Tng-vng tri hu lc trai nht tng kinh. Ch k nht, Tngvng thng hnh nhp t, thnh kinh. Ch sa-mn tri Tng-vng h
thnh kinh, dc tng kinh thi tu Tng-vng lai o ni tng kinh. Tngvng thnh kinh trit minh, bt thy, bt ngo, bt ng, bt dao. Tngvng s vn kinh, tha s Pht c.
Cu hu, Tng-vng dic d th chung t, tin c vi nhn, tc t sanh
B-la-mn gia, bt phc vn Pht kinh dic bt kin sa-mn, tin kh gia,
nhp thm sn, hc B-la-mn o. Ti sn thng ch cn t dic hu nht
B-la-mn o-nhn cu ti sn thng tng d vng lai cng vi tri-thc.
K nht nhn t nim, ng ( )* th-gian khn quan u kh lo, bnh t hu
ng nhp a-ngc, ng-qu, sc-sanh, bn cng trung dng; th c, ng

tr u tu, b c-sa tc sa-mn, cu th v-vi o. K nht nhn t nim,


ng nguyn dc cu tc quc-vng c t-ti, linh thin-h nhn dn giai
cng thuc ng, ty ng gio lnh. Lng nhn cng nguyn nh th. Cu
hu, nh nhn cc phc th chung, c th-gian tc nhn, k nht nhn
tin th tc mng cu tc quc-vng gi sanh hi bin, vi quc vng
thi t. Ph mu tin t t vi Di-Lan. K nht nhn tin th tc mng dc
cu th v-vi N-Hon o gi, sanh Thin-Trc, K-Tn huyn. Ph
mu tin t vi D-Lip sanh tin b c-sa cu sanh; s d d c-sa cu sanh
gi bn tc mng s nguyn; k gia hu nht tng-vng dic ng nht
sanh Thin-Trc, danh Tng vi Na. Ph mu tin nhn Tng, t k t
danh vi Na-Tin.
[* Ti tm mi ch ( ) m chng thy c trong hai quyn T-in HnVit ca Thiu-Chu v ca Trn-Trng-San. (Thin-Nht).]
Na-Tin trng i, nin thp ng lc, hu cu-ph t Lu-Hn. Lu-Hn
tc sa-mn hu tuyt diu chi ti, th-gian v t, nhn nng trit th, nh
nng trit thnh, t tri s tng lai sanh, hnh tc nng phi xut, nng v gin
nhp v khng t ti bin ha v s bt tc, thin thng thin h nhn dn
cp quyn phi nhuyn ng chi loi tm s nim Lu-Hn giai d tri chi.
Na-Tin tin t vng o cu ph k t thuyt ngn, ng Pht o dc tr
u tu, b c-sa tc sa-mn, kim ng ng v cu ph tc -t ninh kh tr
ng tc sa-mn gia. Lu-Hn tri Na-Tin tc mng tc thin hu hu thm
trng ai chi, nhn thnh linh tc sa-di. Na-Tin thy tc tiu sa-di, th thp
gii, nht tng kinh hc vn t-duy kinh gii tc c t thin, tt tri ch
kinh, c v th i sa mn gii. thi quc sn trung hu Pht t x danh
vit Ho-Thin. Ha Thin t trung hu ng b sa mn giai c A-la-hn
o, trung hu nht A-la-hn danh t-Bi-Vit nng tri thin thng thin
h, kh lai, hin ti chi s. Na-Tin nin mn nh thp, nhn tc i sa mn,
th i sa-mn gii, tin o Ho-Thin t trung, ch t-Bi-Vit s, thi ng
b A-la-hn o d thp ng nht thuyt i sa-mn gii kinh ti ging
ng, thng ta i sa-mn giai nhp. Na-Tin dic ti k trung. Chng
sa-mn tt to, t-Bi-Vit tt th ta trung ch sa-mn tm giai th A-la-hn,
c Na-Tin v c A-la-hn o. t-Bi-Vit tin thuyt Th-d kinh ngn,
nhc nhp chit m, m chnh bch trung hu hc m, tc thch bt ho,
kim ng ta trung giai thanh bch, c Na-Tin vi hc, v c A-la-hn o.
Na-Tin vn t-Bi-Vit thuyt kinh nh th su, tin khi v ng b sa-mn
tc l d, tc xut kh. Na-Tin t nim, ng bt nghi ti th ta trung to;
ng dic v c thot, k d sa-mn giai d thot, th nhc chng st trung hu h cu linh ng dic nh th, ng tng kim bt c o gi bt

phc nhp chng trung ta d. t-Bi-Vit tri Na-Tin , tin h Na-Tin


trc tin, d th ma Na-Tin u, nh kim c A-la-hn bt cu, vt su u
d. t-Bi-Vit tin dc ta ch Na-Tin, Na-Tin phc hu nht s nin bt
thp d, t Ca-Duy-Vit. K huyn trung hu nht u-b-tc i hin thin
ng nht phn Ca-Duy-Vit -t. Na-Tin ch, v s tr ng kh hnh th
phn c; s lnh Na-Tin khu hm thy hnh o u-b-tc gia th phn c.
u-b-tc kin Na-Tin nin thiu oan chnh hnh d nhn tuyt d tc tri
hu hu d vn hu minh ch chi danh nng thuyt kinh o. u-b-tc kin
Na-Tin nhp k x trung, tin tc khi lp tin vi tc l khc xoa th
ngn, ng phn ch sa-mn nht cu lai thng hu v ng thuyt kinh gi
kim tng ng. Na-Tin cu ai nguyn v ng thuyt kinh gii ng ngu si. NaTin tc t nim, ng th s gio lnh ng khu hm thy, bt c ng. Ng
kim th thy gi vi phm s gii, nh th vn h. Na-Tin nim u-b-tc
dic cao ti hu ch, ng v k thuyt kinh tng tc c o. Na-Tin th
thy nhi ta tc v thuyt kinh: nhn b th tc thin, phng hnh kinh gii,
kim th an n, hu th tin sanh thin thng h sanh nhn trung, tc ng
minh hu, ng qu, hu bt phc nhp a-ngc, ng-qu, sc-sanh trung;
nhn bt phng hnh kinh gii gi, kim th kh, hu th a tam c o
trung v hu xut thi. u-b-tc vn kinh tm tc hoan-h. Na-Tin tri ub-tc tm hoan h tin phc thuyt thm kinh, ngn: Th gian vn vt giai
ng qu kh v hu thng ti gi, vn vt qu kh giai kh, th gian
nhn thn dic nh th, th gian nhn giai ngn th ng thn qu ng ha th
giai bt c t ti N-Hon o gi ti lc; N-Hon hu bt sanh, bt lo,
bt bnh, bt t, bt su, bt u, ch c cn kh giai tt tiu dit. Na-Tin
thuyt kinh d, u-b-tc tc c nht Tu--hun o; Na-Tin dic t
c Tu--hun o. u-ba-tc i hoan-h tin v Na-Tin ho m phn;
Na-Tin ng u-b-tc tin th c trc s bt trung. Na-Tin phn cnh to
thu ct tt, tr phn c hon d s. S kin phn c ngn, nhc kim nht
tr phn c lai i ho, d phm chng nhn c, ng trc xut nh. NaTin su bt lc. S ngn hi chng t-kheo tng; chng t-kheo tng tt hi
to. S ngn, Na-Tin phm ng to chng nhn c lai ng cng trc
xut, bt c ch chng trung d. t-Bi-Vit thuyt th d ngn, nh nhn tr
nht tin x lng chun, nh th to nhn bt ng trc xut d. Na-Tin t
thuyt c o, dic linh u-b-tc c o bt ng trc xut Na-Tin. S
Ca-Duy-Vit ngn, chnh s nht tin trng b chun hi vi chng nhn c
bt c lu ch d nhn tt bt nng nh Na-Tin c o ng d tuyt
hu, bt trc xut Na-Tin gi d nhn phc hiu v d khc hu. Chng
ta trung giai mc nhin ty s gio tc trc xut Na-Tin. Na-Tin tin d
u din trc s tc khi bin vi chng t kheo tng tc l. L cnh, tin
kh nhp thm sn trung, ta th h, tr d tinh tn nim o bt gii, tin t

thnh c A-la-hn o, nng phi hnh dic nng nhn trit th, nh trit
thnh, dic nng tri tha nhn tm s nim, t tri tin th s tng lai sanh. c
A-la-hn d, tin tc lai hon nhp Ho-Thin t trung, ch t kheo tng
trung, khu u cu ai hi qu Ho-Thin ch t kheo tng. Ch t kheo tng
khc thnh chi. Na Tin tc l cnh, tin xut kh. Na-Tin chuyn hnh
nhp ch qun huyn giai khc l hng, v nhn thuyt kinh gii gio nhn
vi thin, trung hu th ng gii gi, trung hu c Tu--hun o, trung
hu c T--hm o gi, trung hu c A-na-hm o, trung hu tc samn c A-la-hn o gi. nht t Thin vng, nh ao li thin,
Thch, tht Phm thin vng, giai lai o Na-Tin tin tc l, d u din
trc tc khc ta. Na-Tin giai v ch nhn thuyt kinh danh t trit vn
t Thin. Na-Tin s hnh x ch Thin, nhn, dn, qu, thn, long kin NaTin v bt hoan h gi, giai c k phc. Na-Tin tin chuyn o ThinTrc X-Kit quc, ch Tit--Ca t, trung hu tin th c tri-thc nht
nhn ti hi bin, tc Quc-vng thi-t, danh Di-Lan. Di-Lan thiu tiu
ho h c kinh hc d o tt tri d o kinh php nan, d o nhn v hu
nng thng gi. Di-Lan ph vng th chung, Di-Lan tc lp vi Qucvng. Vng vn t hu bin thn, ngn: ''Quc trung o nhn cp nhn
dn thy nng d ng cng nan kinh o gi?'' Bin thn bch Vng ngn:
''Hu hu hc Pht o gi nhn h vi sa-mn, k nhn tr-hu bc t, nng
d i vng cng nan kinh o.'' Kim ti Bc phng i Tn, quc danh
X-Kit, c Vng chi cung. K quc trung, ngoi an n nhn dn giai
thin, k thnh t phng giai phc o hnh, ch thnh mn giai iu vn
khc lu, cung trung ph n cc hu x s, ch giai th l la lit thnh hnh
quan o qung i lit t thnh, hnh tng, m, xa, b, nam n x thnh
tha mn. o nhn thn thch cng s, t dn cp ch tiu quc, giai a
cao minh, nhn dn b phc ng sc cn hong, ph n ph bch giai trc
chu hon, quc th cao to trn bo a; t phng mi khch mi mi giai
d kim tin ng xc phong tin, gia hu tr sc, th bin la mi ch m canh,
phn c tc c thc, kht m b o tp tu lc bt kh ngn. K quc
vng t Di-Lan d Chnh php tr quc. Di-Lan gi cao ti hu tr minh th
kinh o nng nan kh lai kin ti chi s, minh quan s chin u chi
thut, tr mu v bt thng t. Thi Vng xut thnh du h ch binh chng
trun nhiu ngoi. K Vng tm t cng cao, ng vi Vng nng p cu
thp lc chng kinh o nhn s vn bt cng, nhn tm thch pht tin d
tri s ngn. Vng ng ch bng thn vit: '' Thng to nhp thnh dic v
s tc th gian, ninh hu minh kinh o nhn sa-mn nng d ng cng nan
kinh thuyt o gi v?'' Vng bng thn danh Trim-Di-Li-Vng-Qun,
Trim-Di-Li-Vng-Qun bch Vng, ngn: ''Nhin, hu sa-mn t DHo-La i minh kinh o, nng d Vng cng nan kinh thuyt o.''

Vng tin sc Trim-Di-Li-Vng-Qun hnh vng thnh lai. Trim-DiLi-Vng-Qun ngn: ''i thin! Vng dc tng kin gi, ng t lai
nh, ng bt vng d.'' Trim-Di-Li hon bch Vng nh th; Vng tc
tha xa, d ng b k cng vng o t trung. Vng d D-Ho-La tng
kin, tin vn tn d, tin tu to, ng b k tng tt giai dic to. Vng tc
vn D-Ho-La ngn: ''Khanh dng h c kh gia quyn th t, th u tu, b
c-sa tc sa-mn h? Khanh s cu h ng o?'' D-Hoa-La bo Vng:
''Ng to hc Pht o hnh trung chnh kim th c k phc, hu th
dic c k phc, dng th c, ng tr u tu, b c-sa tc sa-mn.'' Vng
vn D-Ho-La ngn: ''Hu nhn bch y hu th t gia, hu th t hnh
trung chnh kim th c k phc bt? Hu th dic c k phc bt?''
D-Ho-La ngn: ''Bch y gia hu th t hu hnh trung chnh kim th
c phc, hu th dic c k phc.'' Vng ngn: ''Bch y gia hu
th t hu hnh trung chnh kim th, hu th ng c k phc, Khanh
v c nhi kh th t, tr u pht, b c-sa tc sa-mn?'' Vi D-Ho-La tin
mc nhin v d bo Vng, bng thn bch ngn: ''Th sa-mn i minh
kin hu tr bch xc v cp thuyt nh.'' Vng bng thn c th ngn:
''Vng c thng! Vng c thng!'' D-Ho-La tin mc nhin th ph.
Vng tc t hu c th ch u-b-tc. Ch u-b-tc din dic bt tm.
Vng nim, th ch u-b-tc din dic nan tm gi, c phc hu minh
kinh kin sa-mn nng d ng tng nan gi nh. Vng ng Trim-Di-Li
ninh phc hu minh hu sa-mn nng d cng nan kinh thuyt o gi v?
Thi Na-Tin gi ch sa-mn s, thng d ch sa-mn cu xut nhp, ch
sa-mn giai s thuyt Kinh. Na-Tin thi giai tri ch Kinh yu nan nng
thuyt thp nh b Kinh, thuyt Kinh nhi chng chng bit d chng on
c gii d tri N-Hon chi o, v hu nng cng gi, v hu nng c thng
gi, nng gii ch nghi, nng minh t gi s ngn, tr nh giang hi, nng
phc cu thp lc chng o, vi Pht t bi t s knh, vi ch tr gi s
qui-ngng, thng d kinh o gio th nhn. Na-Tin lai o X-Kitquc, k s tng ty t giai phc cao minh Na-Tin nh mnh s-t.
Trim-Di-Li bch Vng: ''Hu d sa-mn t Na-Tin tr-hu thm diu,
minh ch Kinh yu, nng gii ch nghi, v s bt thng, nng d Vng
cng nan kinh o.'' Vng vn Trim-Di-Li: '' Thm nng d ng cng
nan kinh o bt?'' Trim-Di-Li ng duy: ''Nhin, nng d Vng cng nan
kinh o, thng nng d tht Phm Thin cng nan kinh o, h hung
nhn.'' Vng tc sc Trim-Di-Li tin hnh thnh Na-Tin lai. TrimDi-Li tc vng o Na-Tin s, bch ngn: ''i Vng dc tng kin.''
Na-Tin tc d ch t tng ty, o Vng s. Vng tuy v thng d
Na-Tin tng kin, Na-Tin ti chng nhn trung b phc hnh b d nhn
tuyt d, Vng dao kin n tri th Na-Tin. Vng t thuyt ngn, ng tin

hu s kin nhn chng i a nhp i ta trung, i a v thng t gic


khng b nh kim nht kin Na-Tin. Na-Tin kim nht nh thng ng, ng
nh bt nh h ng tm hong hong bt an d. Trim-Di-Li bch Vng
ngn: ''Na-tin d lai ti ngoi, Na-tin k ch.'' Vng vn Trim-Di-Li:
''H s th Na-Tin gi?'' Trim-Di-Li nhn ch th Vng. Vng tc i
hoan h, chnh ng s n gi cnh th Na-Tin. Vng tc kin Na-Tin y b
hnh b d chng nhn tuyt d. Na-Tin tc o, tin tng vn tn ng
ngn Vng tin i hoan h, nhn cng i ta Na-Tin ng. Vng ngn:
''Pht kinh thuyt ngn, nhn an n ti vi i li nhn tri ( ) tc ti vi i
ph, nhn hu s tn ti vi i hu, N-Hon o gi ti vi i khoi. Vng
tin vn Na-Tin: ''Khanh t h ng?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Ph mu t ng vi
Na-Tin, tin h ng vi Na-Tin, hu thi ph mu h ng vi Th-La-Tin,
hu thi ph mu h ng Duy-Ca-Tin, dng th c nhn giai thc tri ng
th gian nhn giai hu th t nh.'' Vng vn Na-Tin: ''Thy vi Na-Tin
gi?'' Vng phc vn, ngn: ''u vi Na-Tin gia?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''u bt
vi Na-Tin d.'' Vng phc vn: ''Nhn, nh, t, khu vi Na-Tin gia?'' NaTin ngn: ''Nhn, nh, t, khu, bt vi Na-Tin.'' Vng phc vn: ''Cnh,
hng, kin, t, tc, th, vi Na-Tin gia?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Bt vi Na-Tin.''
Vng phc vn: ''( ), cc vi Na-Tin gia?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Bt vi NaTin.'' Vng phc vn: ''Nhan sc vi Na-Tin gia?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Bt vi
Na-Tin.'' Vng phc vn: ''Kh, lc, vi Na-Tin gia?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Bt
vi Na-Tin.'' Vng phc vn: ''Thin, c, vi Na-Tin gia?'' Na-Tin ngn:
''Bt vi Na-Tin.'' Vng phc vn: ''Thn vi Na-Tin gia?'' Na-Tin ngn:
''Bt vi Na-Tin.'' Vng phc vn: ''Can, ph, tm t, mch, trng, v, vi
Na-Tin gia?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Bt vi Na-Tin.'' Vng phc vn: ''Nhan sc,
kh lc, thin c, thn, tm, hip th ng s ninh vi Na-Tin gia?'' Na-Tin
ngn: ''Bt vi Na-Tin.'' Vng phc vn: ''Thanh hng, suyn tc, vi NaTin gia?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Bt vi Na-Tin.'' Vng phc vn: '' H s vi NaTin gi?'' Na-Tin vn Vng, ngn: ''Xa, h s vi xa gi? Trc vi xa gia?''
Vng ngn: ''Trc bt vi xa.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Vng vi xa gia?'' Vng
ngn: ''Vng bt vi xa.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Phc vi xa gia?'' Vng ngn: ''Phc
bt vi xa.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Cc vi xa gia?'' Vng ngn: ''Cc bt vi xa.'' NaTin ngn: ''Vin vi xa gia?'' Vng ngn: ''Vin bt vi xa.'' Na-Tin ngn:
''ch vi xa gia?'' Vng ngn: ''ch bt vi xa.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''D vi xa
gia?'' Vng ngn: ''D bt vi xa.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Giang vi xa gia?'' Vng
ngn: ''Giang bt vi xa.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Ci vi xa gia?'' Vng ngn: ''Ci
bt vi xa.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Hip t th ch ti mc trc nht din ninh vi xa
gia?'' Vng ngn: ''Hip t th ch ti mc trc nht din bt vi xa d.''
Na-Tin ngn: ''Gi linh bt hip t th ch ti mc ninh vi xa gia?'' Vng
ngn: ''Bt hip t th ch ti mc bt vi xa.'' Na-tin ngn: ''Am-thanh vi xa

gia?'' Vng ngn: ''Am-thanh bt vi xa.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''H s vi xa gi?''


Vng tin mc nhin bt ng. Na-Tin ngn: ''Pht kinh thuyt chi, nh
hip t th ch ti mc dng tc xa nhn c xa; nhn dic nh th, hip t
u, din, nh, t, khu, cnh, hng, kin, t, ct, nhc, th, tc, can, ph,
m, t, thn, trng, v, nhan sc, thanh hng, suyn tc, kh lc, thin c,
hip t danh vi nhn.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin tai! Thin tai!''
Vng phc vn Na-Tin: ''Nng d ng cng nan Kinh thuyt o bt?''
Na-tin ngn: ''Nh s Vng tr tr-hu d ng tng vn gi, nng tng
nan. Vng tr kiu qu gi , bt nng tng nan.''. Vng vn Na-Tin
ngn: ''Tr gi, ch h ng loi?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Tr gi m cc tng ct
ng, tng gii ng, tng thng ng, tng h ng, hu thng, hu ph;
chnh ng, bt chnh ng t tri th phi, th vi ti tr tr gi, bt dng tc sn
n; tr gi nh th.'' Vng phc vn Na-Tin ngn: ''Vng gi ng, h
ng loi?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Vng gi ng t phng t cm hu vi l bt
nh Vng ng gi, Vng tc cng tru pht chi. Vng gi ng nh th.''
Vng ngn: ''Nguyn dng tr gi ng, bt dng Vng gi ng, mc phc
tr i Vng gi d ng ng, d ng ng ng nh d ch sa-mn ng,
ng nh d ch t ng, ng nh d ch u-b-tc ng, ng d d
chng sa-mn cp s gi ng v c hoi khng b cc chnh tm ng
tng khai ng.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''i thin!''
Vng ngn: ''Ng dc hu s vn.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Vng tin vn.''
Vng ngn: ''Ng d vn.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Ng d p.'' Vng ngn: ''p
h ng ng?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Vng dic vn ng h ng ng?'' Vng
ngn: ''Ng v s vn. Na-Tin dic v s p.'' Vng ni t t-duy nim,
th sa-mn i cao minh hu, ng ph thy ng a hu s vn. Vng
t nim, nht dc minh ng vn h minh nht ng thnh Na-Tin qui
cung trung thin tng nan vn. Vng co Trim-Di-Li ng Na-Tin, kim
nht bch minh, minh nht tng thnh qui cung trung thin tng nan
vn. Trim-Di-Li-Vng-Qun tc bch Na-Tin ngn: ''Nht dc minh,
Vng ng hon cung. Minh nht, Vng dc thnh Na-Tin.'' Na-Tin
ngn: ''i thin!'' Vng tc k m hon cung. m thng, Vng tc
nim Na-Tin t nim dc ngn Na-Tin, Na-Tin, nim ch minh nht.
Minh nht, Trim-Di-Li-Vng-Qun cp bng thn bch ngn: ''Vng
thm ng thnh Na-Tin bt?'' Vng ngn: ''ng thnh chi.'' Trim-DiLi-Vng-Qun ngn: ''Thnh gi, ng s d k sa-mn cu lai?'' Vng
ngn: ''Ti Na-Tin dc d k sa-mn cu lai nh.'' Vng ch tng gi,
danh Khan. Khan bch Vng ngn: ''Linh Na-Tin d thp sa-mn cu lai

kh nh.'' Vng phc ngn: ''Thnh Na-Tin dc d k sa-mn cu lai nh.''


Khan phc bch Vng ngn: ''Linh Na-Tin d thp sa-mn cu lai kh.''
Vng phc ngn: ''Thnh Na-Tin t ti dc d k sa-mn cu lai.'' Khan
phc bch Vng: ''Linh Na-Tin d thp sa-mn cu lai kh nh.'' Vng
vn Khan ng i s, Vng tin sn n Khan: ''S nh chn khan v bi,
nh t vi Khan bt vng nh cng tch Vng vt; t nh vt thng vn
h? Nh bt tri nghch ng ng hu tru pht chi ti.'' Vng ngn: ''Kh
kh ai x nh ti, kim ng tc Vng vi bt nng kham phn sa-mn gia?''
Khan tin tm qu, bt cm phc ng. Trim-Di-Li-Vng-Qun tc vng
o Na-Tin s, tin tin tc l, bch ngn: ''i Vng thnh Na-Tin.'' NaTin ngn: ''Vng ng linh ng d k sa-mn cu hnh?'' Trim-Di-LiVng-Qun ngn: ''T ti Na-Tin dc d k sa-mn cu hnh.'' Na-Tin
tin d D-Ho-La-T bt thp sa-mn cu hnh. Trim-Di-Li-Vng-Qun
tt cu hnh; n dc nhp thnh, Trim-Di-Li-Vng-Qun o trung tnh
vn, Na-Tin tc nht i Vng ngn, ''V hu h dng vi Na-Tin''. NaTin vn Trim-Di-Li-Vng-Qun: ''Khanh h s vi Na-Tin gi?''
Trim-Di-Li-Vng-Qun ngn: ''Ng d suyn tc xut nhp mng kh vi
Na-Tin.'' Na-Tin vn Trim-Di-Li-Vng-Qun ngn: ''Nhn kh nht
xut bt phc hon nhp, k nhn ninh phc sanh bt?'' Trim-Di-Li-VngQun ngn: ''Kh xut bt hon nh vi t d.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nh nhn
xuy gi kh nht xut bt phc hon nhp, nh nhn tr on kim ng xuy
ha kh nht xut thi ninh c phc hon nhp bt?'' Trim-Di-Li-VngQun ngn: ''Bt phc hon nhp.'' - ''Nh nhn d gic xuy i, kh nht
xut thi ninh phc hon nhp bt?'' Trim-Di-Li-Vng-Qun ngn: ''Bt
phc hon nhp.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''ng kh xut bt phc hon nhp, nhn
h d c do bt t?'' Trim-Di-Li-Vng-Qun ngn: ''Suyn tc chi gian
ng bt nng tri, nguyn v ng to gii thuyt chi.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Suyn
tc chi kh giai thn trung s, nh nhn tm hu s nim gi; thit vi chi
ngn, th vi thit s; hu s nghi tm nim chi, th vi tm s; cc hu s
ch phn bit, th chi giai khng. V hu Na-Tin d.'' Trim-Di-Li-VngQun tm tc khai gii tin th ng gii vi u-b-tc. Na-Tin tin tin nhp
cung, o Vng s thng in. Vng tc v Na-Tin tc l nhi khc
Na-Tin tc to. Bt thp sa-mn giai cng to. Vng cc tc m phn
thc. Vng th t trc Na-Tin tin phn. Chng sa-mn phn thc d
cnh to th tt ct Vng tc t ch sa-mn nhn nht trng tit c-sa
cch t cc nht lng, t Na-Tin D-Ho-La cc tam lnh c-sa, cc nht
lng cch t. Vng ng Na-Tin D-Ho-La ngn: ''Lu thp nhn cng
ch, khin d nhn linh kh.'' Na-Tin tc khin d sa-mn linh kh, lu
thp nhn cng ch. Vng sc hu cung ch qu nhn, k n tt in
thng duy trung thnh ng d Na-Tin cng nan kinh o.

Thi qu nhn, k n tt xut in thng duy trung thnh Na-Tin thuyt


kinh. Thi Vng tr ta ta Na-Tin tin. Vng ngn: ''ng thuyt h
ng?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Vng dc thnh yu ngn gi, ng thuyt yu
ngn.'' Vng ngn: ''Khanh to o h ng ti yu gi, dng h ng c
tc sa-mn?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Ng to dc kh th-gian cn kh, bt dc cnh
hu th cn kh, dng th c ng to tc sa-mn. Ng to dng th vi ti yu
thin.'' Vng ngn: ''Ch sa-mn giai bt dc cnh kim th, hu th cn
kh, c tc sa-mn gia?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Bt tt dng th c tc sa-mn. Samn hu t bi.'' Vng ngn: ''H ng t?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Trung hu
ph tri tc sa-mn; trung hu u huyn quan tc sa-mn gi; trung hu bn
cng tc sa mn gi; trung hu chn dc kh dit kim th, hu th cn kh c
tc sa-mn.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Ng bn ch tm cu o c tc sa-mn nh.''
Vng ngn: ''Kim Khanh dng o c tc sa-mn gia?'' Na-Tin ngn:
''Ng thiu tiu tc sa-mn, hu Pht kinh o cp t ch sa-mn giai a
cao minh, ng tng hc kinh gii nhp ng tm trung, d th c kh kim th,
hu th cn kh c tc sa-mn.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin tai!'' Vng vn ngn:
''Ninh hu nhn t hu bt phc sanh gi bt?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Trung hu
hu th sanh gi, trung hu bt phc sanh gi.'' Vng ngn: ''Thu hu
th sanh gi, thy bt phc sanh gi?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhn hu n i, tham
dc gi, hu th tin phc sanh; nhn v n i, tham dc gi, hu th bt
phc sanh d.'' Vng ngn: ''Nhn d nht tm nim Chnh-php, thin, c
hu th bt phc sanh gia?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhn d nht tm nim Chnhphp, nim thin, tr hu cp d thin s, c hu th bt phc sanh.'' Vng
ngn: '' Nhn d nht tm nim Chnh-php, thin, d tr hu, th nh s k
ngha ninh ng bt?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''K ngha cc d bt ng.'' Vng
vn Na-Tin: ''Ngu, m, lc sc ph hu tr, v hu tr?'' Na-Tin ngn:
''Ngu, m, lc sc cc t hu tr, k tm bt ng.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Vng
tng kin hoch mch gi bt? T th tr mch, hu th ngi chi.'' Na-Tin
ngn: ''Tr hu chi nhn on tuyt i dc, th nh hoch mch.'' Vng
ngn: ''Thin tai!'' Vng phc vn Na-Tin: ''H ng vi d thin s gi?''
Na-Tin ngn: ''Thnh-tn, hiu thun, tinh tn, nim thin, nht tm, tr hu,
th vi thin s.'' Vng ngn: ''H ng vi thnh-tn gi?'' Na-Tin ngn:
''Thnh-tn gi, v s phc nghi; tn hu Pht, hu Pht kinh, php; tn hu
t-kheo tng; tn hu A-la-hn; tn hu kim th; tn hu hu th; tn hu hiu
thun ph mu; tn hu tc thin c thin; tn hu tc c c c; c tn th
d hu tm tin thanh tnh tc kh ly ng c. H ng ng c? Nht gi,
tham dm; nh gi, sn khu; tam gi, thy min; t gi, h lc; ng gi, s
nghi. Nhn bt kh th ng c tm bt nh; kh th ng c tin thanh
tnh.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Th nh Gi-Ca-Vit Vng xa m nhn tng l
thy, linh thy trc ; qu d kh, Vng kht dc c thy m. Vng

hu thanh thy chu tr thy trung, thy tc vi thanh. Vng tin c thanh
thy m chi.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhn tm hu c th nh trc thy; Pht ch
t c t sanh chi o, tm d thanh tnh nh chu thanh thy. Nhn
khc ch c, thnh tn, thanh tnh, th nh minh nguyt chu.'' Vng
ngn: ''Thin tai! Thin tai!'' Vng vn ngn: ''Nhn tinh tn thnh tn gi
vn h?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Pht ch t t tng kin bi trung thot ch c
tm, trung hu c Tu--hun gi, trung hu c T--hm gi, trung hu
c A-na-hm gi, trung hu c A-la-hn gi, trung hu nhn tng hiu
c hnh thnh tn gi, giai dic c th o.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Th nh sn
thng i v, k thy h lu qung i. V bin nhn cu bt tri thy thm
thin, y bt cm . Nh hu vin phng nhn lai th thy, n tri thy
qung hip, thm thin, t tri lc th nng nhp thy tin c qu. V
bin nhn chng tin hiu tu hu dic c kh. Pht ch t dic nh
th, kin tin nhn tnh tm c Tu--hun, T--hm, A-na-hm, A-lahn o, giai tng thin tm tinh tn s tr d. Pht kinh ngn, nhn hu
thnh tn chi tm kh t c th o, nhn nng ch ch khc ng s
dc, t tri thn kh gi ni nng c th nhn giai tng tr hu thnh k
o c.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin tai! Thin tai!'' Vng ngn: ''H ng vi
hiu thun gi?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Ch thin gi giai vi hiu thun. Phm tam
thp tht phm kinh giai do hiu thun vi bn.'' Vng ngn: ''H ng vi
tam thp tht phm kinh?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Hu t ch, hu t on, hu
t thn tc, hu ng cn, hu ng lc, hu tht gic , hu bt chng o
hnh.'' Vng phc vn Na-Tin ngn: ''H ng vi t ch gi?'' Na-Tin
bo Vng ngn: ''Pht thuyt, nht vi thn, thn qun ch; nh vi qun
thng dng, thng dng ch; tam vi qun , ch; t vi qun php, php
ch; th vi t ch.'' Vng phc ngn: ''H ng vi t on?'' Na-Tin
ngn: ''Pht thuyt d phn bit ch t s bt phc nim, th vi t on, d
c t on tin t c t thn tc nim.'' Vng phc vn: ''H ng vi t
thn tc nim?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nht gi, nhn nng trit th; nh gi, nh
nng trit thnh; tam gi, nng tri tha nhn trung s nim; t gi, thn nng
phi hnh; th vi t thn tc nim.'' Vng phc vn: ''H ng vi ng cn
gi?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nht gi, nhn kin ho sc,c sc, bt tham trc,
th vi cn. Nh gi, nh vn ho thanh, c thanh, m thanh, bt tham trc,
th vi cn. Tam gi, t vn hng x, bt tham trc, th vi cn. T gi,
khu c m v, kh, tn, bt tham trc, th vi cn. Ng gi, thn c t
hot, dic bt h, thn c th kin, dic bt , th vi ng cn.'' Vng
phc vn: ''H ng vi ng lc gi?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nht nng ch nhn;
nh nng ch nh; tam nng ch t, t nng ch khu; ng nng ch thn, linh
bt o, th vi ng lc.'' Vng phc vn: ''H ng vi tht gic gi?'' NaTin ngn: '' Nht, gic . Nh, phn bit gic . Tam, tinh tn gic . T,

kh gic . Ng, gic . Lc, nh gic . Tht, h ; th vi tht gic ,''


Vng phc vn: ''H ng vi bt chng o hnh?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nht,
trc kin; nh, trc nim; tam, trc ng; t, trc tr; ng, trc nghip; lc,
trc phng tin; tht, trc ; bt, trc nh; th vi bt chng o hnh.''
Phm th tam thp tht phm kinh giai do hiu thun vi bn. Na-Tin ngn:
''Phm nhn ph trng tr vin hu s thnh lp giai do i thnh, th gian
ng cc, th mc ngng thin chi tho giai do i sanh.'' Na-Tin ngn:
''Th nh s tng tc i thnh, ng tin lng tc c ch d ni
kh khi thnh.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Th nh k nhn dc tc, ng tin tnh
tr i bnh ni tc. Pht t cu o ng tin hnh kinh gii, nim
thin, nhn tri cn kh, tin kh ch i dc, tin t nim bt chng o
hnh.'' Vng ngn: ''ng dng h ng kh ch i dc?'' Na-Tin ngn:
''Nht tm nim o i dc t dit.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin tai! Thin tai!''
Vng phc vn ngn: ''H ng vi tinh tn gi?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Tr thin,
tr thin, th vi tinh tn.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Th nh vin tng dc o tng
bin ch chi, x dc khuynh nhng dic phc ch chi; th vi tinh tn.'' NaTin ngn: ''Th nh quc vng khin binh hu s cng kch, binh nhc
dc bt nh, vng phc khin binh vng tr chi, binh tin c thng. Nhn
hu ch c nh binh thiu nhc thi, nhn tr thin tm tiu dit c tm, th
nh vng tng binh c thng. Tr ng thin tm tiu ng c tm th nh
chin u c thng; th vi tinh tn tr thin nh th.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Tinh
tn s tr tr nhn thin o d c th o v hu hon k.'' Vng
ngn: ''Thin tai!'' Vng phc vn: ''H ng vi ng nim ch thin s
gi?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Th nh nhn th d chng hu d l hip lin h chi,
phong xuy bt nng tn.'' Na-Tin phc ngn: ''Th nh vng th tng gi
tri thng tng trung kim ngn, chu ngc, lu ly, trn bo, hu k a thiu.
o nhn dc c o thi nim tam thp tht phm kinh, th nh th
chnh s v nim th chi o gi d. Nhn hu o nhn tri thin c, tri
ng kh hnh, tri ng bt kh hnh, phn bit bch hc, t t duy d
hu tin kh c tu thin.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Th nh Vng hu th mn gi
tri Vng hu s knh gi, tri Vng hu s bt knh gi, tri hu li Vng
gi, tri hu bt li Vng gi. Th mn gi tri Vng s knh gi, tri li
Vng gi, tin ni chi; tri Vng bt knh gi, tri bt li Vng gi, th
mn gi tc bt ni.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhn tr dic nh th; ch thin gi
ng ni chi; ch bt thin gi bt ng ni. Th ch tm th dic nh
th.'' Na-Tin thuyt kinh, ngn: ''Nhn ng kin th h k cp thn
trung lc i dc, tr kin th t ng hu th thi.'' Vng ngn:
''Thin tai! Thin tai!'' Vng vn Na-Tin ngn: ''H ng vi nht k tm
gi?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Ch thin trung c hu nht tm ti nht. Nhn
nng nht k tm, ch thin giai ty chi.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Th nh lu b

ng hu s , ch vi thin gi giai trc nht tm.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Th


nh Vng tng t chng binh xut hnh chin u. Tng binh, m binh,
xa binh, b binh giai o dn Vng tin hu. Pht ch kinh gii cp d
thin s giai ty nht tm, dic th nh binh.'' Na-Tin thuyt kinh ngn:
''Ch thin trung nht tm vi bn. Hc o nhn chng a giai ng tin
qui nht tm, nhn thn, sanh t, qu kh, nh thy h lu, tin hu tng
tng, v hu tr thi.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin tai!'' Vng phc vn: ''H ng
vi tr hu gi?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Ng tin thuyt d, nhn hu tr hu nng
on ch nghi, minh ch thin s, th vi tr hu.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Th nh tr
ng ha nhp minh tht, ha thch nhp tht tin vong k minh t minh.
Minh nhn hu tr hu nh ha quang.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Th nh nhn tr li
ao trit mc, nhn hu tr hu nng trit on ch c, th nh li ao.'' NaTin ngn: ''Nhn th gian tr hu ti vi nht, nhn hu tr hu nng
c thot sanh t chi kh.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin tai!''. Vng ngn NaTin: ''Tin hu s thuyt kinh chng chng bit d, n dc th khc nht
thit c gia?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhin, Pht kinh s thuyt chng chng ch
thin gi, n dc th khc nht thit c d.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Th nh
Vng pht t chng binh tuy hnh chin u, s pht hnh thi n dc
cng cng ch, kh nht thit c nh.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin tai! Thin tai!
Na-Tin thuyt kinh thm khoi d.'' Vng phc vn Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhn
t s th thin c chi o tc tr c thn thn hnh sanh gia, cnh ( ) tha thn
hnh sanh gia?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Dic phi c thn thn, dic bt ly c thn
thn.'' Na-Tin nhn vn: ''Vng thn tiu thi, b nh thi, thn ch trng
i thi, tc c thn phi?'' Vng ngn: ''Tiu thi thn d.'' Na-Tin ngn:
''Nhn ti mu phc trung thy ty tinh thi ch tinh trc thi c tinh gia d
d, kin vi c ct thi c tinh gia d d, s sanh thi ch nin s tu thi c
tinh gia d d. Nh nhn hc th thi bng nhn ninh nng i k cng bt?''
Vng ngn: ''Bt nng i k cng.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nh nhn phm php
hu ti ninh kh th v ti chi nhn i bt?'' Vng ngn: ''Bt kh.''
Na-Tin d tinh thn ti php ng Vng. Vng bt gii, Vng nhn
ngn: ''Nh nhn vn Na-Tin, Na-Tin gii chi vn h?'' Na-Tin ngn:
''Ng c tiu thi thn nh tng tiu ch i tc, c thn lng i d tiu
thi hm vi nht thn dng th mng s dng.'' Na-Tin vn Vng ngn:
''Th nh nhn nhin ng ha ninh ch thin minh bt?'' Vng ngn:
''Nhin ng du ch minh.'' Na-Tin ngn:''ng trung ch ha ch nht d
thi tc c ha quang bt, ch d bn thi c ha quang bt, ch minh thi c
ha quang bt?'' Vng ngn: ''Phi c ha quang.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhin
ng tng nht d ch d bn phc cnh nhin ng ha gia, hng thn thi
phc cnh nhin ng gia?'' Vng ngn: ''Bt trung d khi cnh nhin ha

tc c nht ch ha ch minh nh.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhn tinh thn trin


chuyn tng tc th nh th, nht gi kh nht gi lai, nhn tng tinh thn
sanh ch lo t hu, tinh thn cnh th s hng sanh, trin chuyn tng
tc, th phi c tinh thn dic bt ly c tinh thn; nhn t d hu tinh thn ni
hu s th hng sanh.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Th nh nh chng ha tc lc, th
lc thng ph tin thnh h, ninh kh th h d lc thng ph hon
phc danh tc nh chng. K nhn ng ninh kh dng bt?'' Vng ngn:
''K nhn ng bt kh dng.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhn thn, nh chng tng
nh chng thnh lc, tng lc thnh ph, tng ph thnh h. Nhn thn
dic nh th, tng tinh thn sanh, tng sanh ch trng, tng trng ch lo,
tng lo ch t; t hu, thn cnh phc i sanh. Nht thn t ng phc
cnh i nht thn; th nh lng ch cnh tng nhin.'' Vng ngn:
''Thin tai! Thin tai!'' Vng phc vn Na-Tin: ''Nhn hu bt phc hu
th sanh gi, k nhn ninh nng t tri bt?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhin hu, nng
t tri gi.'' Vng ngn: ''Dng h tri chi?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''K nhn t tri v
n i, v tham dc, v ch c, dng th c t tri hu th bt phc sanh.'' NaTin vn Vng: ''Th nh in gia canh l chng cc a n lim trc n
trung ch hu tu bt phc canh, bt phc chng, n ngng n trung cc
thc. K in gia ninh phc vng c tn cc bt?'' Vng ngn: ''K in
v s phc vng.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''K in gia h dng tri bt phc c
cc?'' Vng ngn:''K in gia bt phc canh, bt phc chng, c v s
vng.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''c o dic nh th; t tri d kh quyn n i, kh
lc, v hu tham tm, th c t tri hu th bt phc sanh.'' Vng phc ngn:
''K nhn hu th bt phc sanh gi, kim ninh hu tr d nhn bt?''
Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhin, hu tr d nhn.'' Vng ngn: ''Ninh nng hu
minh bt?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhin, hu minh.'' Vng ngn: ''Tr d minh
hu d ng h?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Tr d minh ng nh.'' Vng ngn: ''Hu
tr minh gi ninh tt tri vn s bt, ninh hu s bt cp tri bt?'' Na-Tin
ngn: ''Nhn tr hu s cp, hu s bt cp.'' Vng ngn: ''H ng vi tr
hu s cp, hu s bt cp?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhn tin s bt hc, tin s
bt cp, tri; nhn tin s hc, tin s cp, tri; tr gi s kin nhn cp vn vt
giai ng qu kh qui khng bt c t ti nhn tm s tham lc giai chng
kh bn tng th tr kh hu gi, tri phi thng thnh bi chi s tr vi d
nhn.'' Vng vn ngn: ''Nhn hu tr hu, si ngu s ti?'' Na-Tin ngn:
''Nhn hu tr hu gi, ngu si giai t tiu dit.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Th nh nhn
tr ng ha nhp minh tht tht trung giai minh, minh tc tiu dit. Tr nh
th, nhn hu tr hu ch si ngu giai tt tiu dit.'' Vng ngn: ''Nhn tr
kim vi s ti?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhn hnh tr d hu tr tin tiu dit tr s
tc gi c tc.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Th nh nhn d ha h th, ha dit, t
tc ti. Tr gi nh th, hu s thnh d, tr tin tiu dit, k s tc tc ti.''

Vng ngn: '''Tr hu s thnh d tin t dit, th h ng ng?'' Na-Tin


ngn: ''Th nh nhn b ha d tc gii ha ng bnh thy. Nh hu tht ha
gi, k nhn tr ng bnh thy, thy trch dit ho, ha dit d hu k cu ha
nhn ninh phc vng c hon bnh qui gia dng bt?'' Vng ngn: ''K
nhn bt phc vng bnh ph ha dit khi phc vng bnh gia.'' Na-Tin
ngn: ''o nhn tr ng thin tm tiu dit ch c dic th nh bnh thy
dit ho.'' Vng ngn: ''H ng vi ng thin gia?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nht
gi, tn thin hu c; nh gi, bt hy kinh gii; tam gi, tinh tn; t gi, hu
hu nim thin; ng gi, nht tm nim o; vi th ng thin. Nhn nng
phng hnh th ng thin gi tin c tr hu, tin tri thn cp vn vt phi
thng, tin tri kh bt c t ti, tin tri khng v s hu.'' Na-Tin ngn:
''Th nh y s tr ng chng dc ngh bnh gi gia d dc m bnh nhn
bnh gi m dc c d y ninh c vng c c dc c hnh tr nhn
bt?'' Vng ngn: ''Bt phc vng c c dc.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Ng
chng dc gi nh ng thin tr k y gi nh cu o nhn, k bnh gi nh
ch c; ngu si gi nh bnh nhn, c o th gi nh bnh c d, nhn
tr s thnh tr nhn th; o nhn d c o, tr dic t dit.'' Na-Tin
ngn: ''Th nh kin u nhn b cung tr tin tin hnh hng ch d ng
tin x ch, c thng; k nhn ninh phc vng tin qui qui bt?'' Vng
ngn: ''Bt phc vng tin.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Ng tin gi, nhn ng tr d, tr
nhn tng tr c o nh kin u c thng ch gia; ch c gi nh ch c
o, nhn tr ng thin dit khc ch c, ch c giai dit, thin tr tc sanh,
nhn tng thin tr c thnh th o gi thng ti bt dit.'' Vng
ngn: ''Thin tai!'' Vng ngn: ''Nh nhn c o hu th bt phc sanh
gi, hu ninh phc cnh kh bt?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Hoc hu cnh kh gi,
hoc hu bt cnh kh gi.'' Vng ngn: ''Cnh kh, bt cnh kh vn h?''
Na-Tin ngn: ''Thn cnh kh nh, tm bt cnh kh.'' Vng ngn:
''Thn cnh kh, tm bt cnh kh, vn h?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Thn s d
cnh kh gi, k thn kin ti c cnh kh; tm kh quyn ch c v hu
ch dc, th c bt phc cnh kh.'' Vng ngn: ''Gi linh c o nhn bt
nng c ly thn kh gi th vi v c N-Hon o gia?'' Vng ngn:
''Nhn c o d dic v n i thn kh an, h dng vi c o?'' Vng
ngn: ''Gi linh nhn c o d thnh ng phc h lu?'' Na-Tin ngn:
''Th nh qu vt v thc bt cng thc d, d thc dic v s phc i.'' NaTin ngn: ''Vng thuc s o gi X-L-Vit s thuyt, X-L-Vit ti
thi ngn, ng dic bt cu t, ng dic bt cu sanh, ng n tu thi kh
thi ch tin kh.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin tai! Thin tai!.''
(Na-Tin t-kheo Kinh - Quyn thng)

-ooOooNA-TIN T-KHEO KINH


Quyn Trung
Vng vn: ''Nhn cnh lc gi vi thin gia, bt thin d. Nhn cnh kh vi
thin gia vi bt thin d. Pht c v bt thuyt hu lc hoc hu kh.''
Vng ngn: ''Nh s hu vi v hu kh.'' Na-Tin vn Vng ngn: ''Nh
nhn thiu thit trc th trung ninh thiu nhn th bt, phc th bng trc
th trung, k bng ninh phc thiu nhn th bt?'' Vng ngn: ''Nhin,
lng th giai uy d.'' Na-Tin vn Vng ngn: ''Nh th lng th trung
vt giai nhit gia?'' Vng ngn: ''Bt lng nhit.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Lng
lnh gia?'' Vng ngn: ''Bt lng lnh d.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Lng th
trung giai nhit.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Ng trng vn Vng, Vng tin hu
lng nhit ng ngn lng nhit, lng lnh ng ngn lng lnh, h
duyn nht lnh, nht nhit nng ng ngn thiu nhn th h?'' Vng
ngn: ''Tr l thm thin cn bt nng cp th nan d. Nguyn Na-Tin v ng
gii chi.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Pht kinh thuyt chi, phm hu lc s linh nhn
ni h, hu lc s linh nhn ni su; phc hu lc s linh nhn bt h dic
bt su, ngoi phc hu lc s linh nhn su.'' Vng vn: ''H ng vi lc
s linh nhn ni h?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nht gi, mc hu s th, phc hu s
vng, th c linh nhn ni h. Nh gi, nh vn ho thanh, phc hu s vng,
th c linh nhn ni h. Tam gi, t vn ho hng, phc hu s vng, th c
linh nhn ni h. T gi, thit c m v, phc hu s vng, th c linh nhn
ni h. Ng gi, thn c t hot, phc hu s vng, th c linh nhn ni h.
Lc gi, tm c lc th, phc hu s vng, th c linh nhn ni h. Nh th,
lc s linh nhn ni h.'' Vng phc vn: ''H ng vi ngoi lc s linh
nhn h?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nht gi, nhn kin ho sc nim chi bt kh
thng c, giai ng kh quyn, tin t t duy thm nhin v thng, th
c linh nhn ngoi h. Nh gi, nh vn ho thanh nim chi bt kh thng
c, giai thng kh quyn, th c linh nhn ngoi h. Tam gi, t vn ho
hng nim chi bt kh thng c, giai ng kh quyn, th c linh nhn
ngoi h. T gi, khu c m v nim chi bt kh thng c, giai ng
kh quyn, th c linh nhn ngoi h. Ng gi, thn c t hot nim chi bt
kh thng c, giai ng kh quyn, th c linh nhn ngoi h. Lc gi,
tm nim i dc t duy nim chi th giai v thng, giai ng kh quyn,
nim chi th d hu cnh h. Th vi lc s linh nhn ngoi h.'' Vng phc
vn: ''H ng vi ni lc s linh nhn ni su?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nht gi,
linh nhn ni su gi, mc s bt h nhi kin chi, linh nhn ni su. Nh gi,

nh bt s dc vn nhi vn chi, linh nhn ni su. Tam gi, t bt dc s x


nhi khu chi, linh nhn ni su. T gi, khu bt dc s c nhi c chi, linh
nhn ni su. Ng gi, thn bt dc s trc nhi trc chi, linh nhn ni su.
Lc gi, tm bt kh s h nhi hu chi, linh nhn ni su. Th vi lc s linh
nhn ni su.'' Vng phc vn: ''H ng vi ngoi lc s linh nhn bt h?''
Na-Tin ngn: ''Nht gi, mc kin c sc linh nhn bt h. Nh gi, nh vn
c thanh linh nhn bt h. Tam gi, t vn x tinh linh nhn bt h. T gi,
thit c kh tn linh nhn bt h. Ng gi, thn trc th kin linh nhn bt
h. Lc gi, tm hu s tng linh nhn bt h. Th vi ngoi lc s linh nhn
bt h.'' Vng phc vn: ''H ng vi lc s linh nhn bt su dic bt h?''
Na-Tin ngn: ''Nht gi, mc hu s kin dic bt h bt su. Nh gi, nh
hu s vn m dic bt h dic bt su. Tam gi, t hu s khu dic bt h
dic bt su. T gi, khu hu s c dic bt h dic bt su. Ng gi, thn
hu s xc dic bt h dic bt su. Lc gi, tm hu s nim dic bt h
dic bt su. Th vi ni lc s linh nhn bt h bt su.'' Vng phc vn:
''H ng vi ngoi lc s linh nhn su gi?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nht gi, mc
s kin t gi, nhn t nim thn cp vn vt v thng, k nhn t nim
ngn, ng hu th nim, h d bt c o nhn ngoi su. Nh gi, nh bt
lc ho m, k nhn t nim ngn, ng hu th nim h d bt c o nhn
ngoi su. Tam gi, t bt h x hng, k nhn t nim ngn, ng hu th
nim h d bt c o nhn ngoi su. T gi, khu bt v kh im, k
nhn t nim, ng hu th nim h d bt c o nhn ngoi su. Ng gi,
thn bt ho t hot dic bt c th kin, k nhn t nim ngn, ng hu th
nim h d bt c o nhn ngoi su. Lc gi, tm bt h i dc, k nhn t
nim ngn, ng hu th nim h d bt c o nhn ngoi su. Th vi lc s
linh nhn ngoi su.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin tai! Thin tai!'' Vng phc vn
Na-Tin: '' Nhn d t hu, thy hu th sanh gi?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Danh
d thn hu th sanh.'' Vng vn Na-tin: ''C nhn danh thn hnh sanh
gia?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Bt d. Phi c danh dic phi c thn tr th danh thn
kim th tc thin c ni hu th sanh nh.'' Vng ngn: ''Nh s kim th
dng th danh thn tc thin c hu th thn bt phc sanh gi cc kh tc
thin c knh kh c thot bt phc cnh ch kh gia.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''
kim th tc thin hu th bt phc sanh gi, tin kh c thot v gia. Nhn
tc thin c bt ch ng hu sanh nh; th c bt c thot.'' Na-Tin ngn:
''Th nh nhn o tha nhn qu lo, k ch c o qu gi tng ch
Vng tin bch ngn, th nhn o ng qu. K o gi ngn, ng bt o
th nhn qu, th nhn s chng tiu ti nh, bn bt chng qu d, ng t th
qu, ng h dng vi o, ng bt o th nhn qu, ng bt ng hu ti qu.''
Na-Tin vn Vng ngn: ''Nh th lng nhn cng tranh, thy vi trc gi,
thy bt vi trc gi .'' Vng ngn: ''Chng ti gia vi trc, bn to s chng;

o gi v trng ng vi hu ti.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''o h dng vi hu ti?''


Vng ngn: ''S d o gi hu ti bn chng ti gia s chng tng ti cn
sanh c thng hu qu nh.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhn sanh dic th nh th,
nhn kim th dng th danh thn tc thin c ni sanh hu th, kim th tc
thin c gi th bn d.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Th nh nhn o tha nhn ha gi,
k ch c o tin khin vn chi, nh o ng ha gi. Vi o gi ngn,
ng bt o khanh ha gi, khanh t chng ho, ng t th gi, ng h dng
vi phm o. Lng nhn tng khin ch Vng tin bch. Nh th thy vi
trc gi, thy vi bt trc?'' Vng ngn: ''Chng ha cc vi trc, o gi vi
bt trc.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''H d tri o ha gi gi vi bt trc?'' Vng ngn:
''Th chng ha gi vi bn hu bt chng ha gi vi v duyn h hu gi?''
Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhn sanh dic th nh th. Nhn kim th dng th danh
thn tc thin c ni sanh hu th kim th tc thin c gi th k bn d.''
Na-Tin ngn: ''Th nh nhn ng hn nht x trung nhin ha dc t n
chch; k nhn kh ha nhi kh so so nhin cp bch th thiu c lin cp
lu x. X ch nhn ngn khi ha gi khin ch Vng tin bch ngn: ''Th
nhn khi ha din cp thiu ng lu x.'' Nhin ha gi ngn: ''Ng nhin
tiu ha t n chch nh. Ng bt thiu lu x.'' Na-Tin vn Vng: ''Thy
vi trc gi?'' Vng ngn: ''Bn nhin ha gi vi bt trc, bn s sanh d.''
Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhn sanh dic nh, th nh nhn kim th dng th danh
thn tc thin c ni sanh hu th kim th tc thin c gi th bn d.'' NaTin ngn: ''Th nh nhn d nhin chc ha trc bch dc dng t chiu
phn thc, chc so khc cp bch thng cp trc mc lm ti tin thiu
nht x, ha i x din cp thiu nht thnh trung, c thnh trung nhn dn
cng ( = hu (?) ) ngn, nh h vi thiu nht thnh trung ni nh th. Nhin
ha gi ngn, ng n nhin tiu chc ha d t chiu phn thc nh; th t
i ha phi ng ha d. Nh th tin cng tranh tng tng khin ch Vng
tin.'' Na-Tin vn Vng ngn: ''Nh th, thy vi trc gi, thy vi bt trc
gi?'' Vng ngn: ''Nhin ha gi vi bt trc.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''H d tri?''
Vng ngn: ''Bn th ha s sanh d, nh phn thc d bt ng dit ha
d, nhi linh ha thiu nht thnh trung.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhn sanh dic th
nh th, nhn kim th dng th danh thn tc thin c ni sanh hu th kim
th tc thin c th k bn d, nhn dng bt tri tc thin c c bt nng c
thot.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Th nh nhn d tin phinh cu nhn gia tiu n,
d hu n trng i tha nhn phc cnh cu phinh cu n, c n d vi ph.
Tin s phinh gia lai t thuyt ngn, nh phn th ph vi hu gia ngn, nh
t tiu thi phinh n ng t i thi phinh ph ng h dng vi anh nh ph
gia; tin tng khin ngh Vng tin.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Vng nh th thy
vi trc gi, thy vi bt trc gi?'' Vng ngn: ''Tin phinh gia vi trc.'' NaTin ngn: ''Vng h d tri?'' Vng ngn: ''Th n bn tiu so trng i,

th c tri vi trc d th tin phinh gia ph d.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhn sanh
dic th nh th. Nhn kim th dng th danh thn tc thin c ni sanh hu
th kim th tc thin c gi th k bn d.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Th nh nhn tr
bnh tng mc ngu gia mi nh chng. c chng d, phc hon k k ch,
ngn, ng kim hon bt cu. K nhn tu du lai hon, th bnh chng, chng
d chuyn tc lc. Mi chng gia ngn, ng tr chng k, khanh kim phn tr
lc hon ng. Mc ngu gi ngn, th nh c nh, kim t chuyn vi lc.
Lng nhn cng tranh tng, tng khin ngh Vng tin.'' Na-Tin vn
Vng ngn: ''Nh th thy vi trc gi?'' Vng ngn: ''Mc ngu gia vi
trc.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Vng h d tri?'' Vng ngn: ''Nh t mi chng
nh tr i t chuyn thnh lc. Mc ngu gia ng hu h qu?'' Na-Tin
ngn: ''Nhn sanh dic th nh th. Nhn kim th dng th danh thn tc
thin c ni sanh hu th kim th tc thin c gi th k bn d.'' Vng
phc vn: ''Kim Na-tin ng phc hu th sanh gia?''Na-Tin bo
Vng ngn: ''Dng th vi vn ng tin thuyt d, nh s ng hu n i gi
hu th ng phc sanh; nh s ng v n i gi, bt phc sanh.'' Na-Tin
ngn: ''Th nh nhn kit lc s Vng, Vng ng tri k thin, s t k
ti vt. K nhn c vt cc t th dng y b, m thc, hoan lc; k nhn
lun ngh ngn, ng hu cng Vng, Vng v tng hu thng t ng
d.'' Na-Tin vn Vng: ''Nh b nhn c thng t phn ngn v tng
c, k nhn ng ninh kh dng bt?'' Vng ngn: ''K nhn ng bt kh
dng.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Th c ng ng Vng ngn, nh s ng hu n i
gi ng phc hu th sanh; nh s ng v n i gi, bt phc hu th
sanh.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin tai! Thin tai!'' Vng phc vn Na-Tin ngn:
''Khanh tin s thuyt nhn danh d thn, h ng vi danh, h ng vi thn
gi?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Kim kin ti vi thn; tm s nim gi vi danh.'' Vng
phc vn: ''Nhn h c hu danh hnh hu th sanh, nhi thn bt hnh
sanh?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhn thn d danh tin hu tng lin, th nh k t
trung trp cp d thng b ni thnh k t. Nhn danh d thn tng lin
nh th, bt phn d.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin tai!'' Vng phc vn Na-Tin:
''H ng vi cu gi?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''D qu kh s vi cu, ng lai s
dic vi cu, kin ti s vi v hu cu.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin tai!'' Vng
phc vn Na-Tin ngn: ''Thm vi hu cu bt?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Hoc hu
cu, hoc v hu cu.'' Vng phc ngn: ''H ng vi hu cu, h ng vi
v hu cu?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''K c o N-Hon gi vi v cu; v c o
ng phc cnh t sanh gi vi hu cu. Nhn kim th ho b th, hiu
ph mu ng lai th ng c k phc.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin tai!
Thin tai!'' Vng phc vn Na-Tin ngn: ''Ch d qu kh s, ng lai
s, kim kin ti s, th tam s, h s vi bn gi?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''D qu kh
s, ng lai s, kim kin ti s, ngu si gi th k bn d; ngu si sanh tc

sanh thn, thn sanh thn, thn sanh danh, danh sanh sc, sc sanh lc tri;
nht vi nhn tri, nh vi nh tri, tam vi t tri, t vi khu tri, ng vi thn tri, lc
vi tm tri, th vi lc tri; th luc s giai ngoi hng. H ng vi ngoi hng?
Nhn hng sc, nh hng thanh, t hng hng, khu hng v, thn
hng hot, tm hng tham dc, th vi lc ngoi hng, danh vi phi, phi
gi hip phi gi tri kh, tri lc; tng kh lc sanh n i, tng n i sanh
tham dc, tng tham dc sanh hu tr tin sanh nhn lo, tng lo nhn bnh,
tng bnh nhn t, tng t nhn khc, tng khc nhn u, tng u nhn ni
tm thng. Phm hip th ch cn kh hip danh vi nhn, nhn d th c sanh
t v hu tuyt thi, nhn c bn thn bt kh c d.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Th
nh nhn chng ng cc sanh cn, tng cn sanh hnh, dip, thc, ch hu
c cc d hu nin phc chng c cc thm a.'' Na-Tin vn Vng:
''Nh nhn chng cc, tu tu chng cc, ninh hu tuyt bt sanh thi bt?''
Vng ngn: ''Tu tu chng cc v hu tuyt bt sanh thi d.'' Na-Tin
ngn: ''Nhn sanh dic nh th, trin chuyn tng sanh, v hu tuyt thi.''
Na-Tin ngn: ''Th nh k sanh non, non sanh k, tng non sanh non,
tng k sanh k. Nhn sanh t dic nh th, v hu tuyt thi.'' Na-Tin tin
ha i tc xa lun vn Vng ngn: ''Kim th lun ninh hu gic v?''
Vng ngn: ''Chnh vin, v hu gic.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Pht kinh thuyt,
nhn sanh t nh xa lun trin chuyn tng sanh v hu tuyt thi.'' NaTin ngn: ''Nhn tng nhn vn vt sc thc tc gic tri th tam s hip,
tng hip sanh kh lc, tng kh lc sanh n i, tng n i sanh tham dc,
tng tham dc sanh nhn hu tr, tng hu tr nhn sanh, tng sanh nhn tc
thin c, tng thin c tin sanh; nh vn thanh, thc tc gic tri, tam s hip,
tng sanh kh lc, tng kh lc sanh nhn n i, tng n i sanh tham dc,
tng tham dc sanh nhn hu tr, tng hu tr nhn sanh, tng nhn sanh tc
thin c, tng thin c tin sanh; t vn hng thc tc gic tri, tam s hip,
tng hip sanh kh lc, tng kh lc sanh n i, tng n i sanh tham dc,
tng tham dc sanh nhn hu tr, tng hu tr nhn sanh, tng sanh nhn tc
thin c, tng thin c tin sanh; khu c v thc tc gic tri tam s hip,
tng hip sanh kh lc, tng kh lc sanh n i, tng n i sanh tham dc,
tng tham dc sanh nhn hu tr, tng hu tr nhn sanh, tng nhn sanh tc
thin c, tng thin c tin sanh; thn c t hot thc tc gic tri tam s
hip, tng hip sanh kh lc, tng kh lc sanh n i, tng n i sanh tham
dc, tng tham dc sanh nhn hu tr, tng hu tr nhn sanh, tng sanh
nhn tc thin c, tng thin c tin sanh; hu s nim thc tc gic tri tam
s hip, tng hip sanh kh lc, tng kh lc sanh n i, tng n i sanh
tham dc, tng tham dc sanh nhn hu tr, tng hu tr nhn sanh, tng
nhn sanh tc thin c, tng thin c tin sanh.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhn trin
chuyn tng sanh v hu tuyt.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin tai!'' Vng phc

vn Na-tin: ''Khanh ngn, nhn sanh t bt kh c bn. Bt kh c bn


vn h?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Hu bn gi ng bt phc sanh, hu bn gi
ng phc qu kh dng th vi bn.'' Vng ngn: ''V bn gi ng bt
phc sanh kin hu bn gi ng qu kh nh th bn vi v tuyt gia?'' NaTin ngn: ''Nhin, giai ng qu kh,'' Vng phc vn Na-Tin: ''Nhn
sanh t ninh hu tng bng tng ch gi bt?'' Na-Tin vn Vng ngn:
''Th gian nhn cp k hnh nhu ng chi loi ninh hu tng bng tng ch
gi bt?'' Vng ngn: ''Ng bt vn Na-Tin th gian nhn cp k hnh nhu
ng chi loi, ng n dc vn khanh nhn sanh t bn nh.'' Na-Tin ngn:
''Th mc sanh d ti vi bn, ng cc sanh d cc vi bn, thin h vn vt giai
cc d k loi bn sanh. Nhn tng lc tnh n i vi bn.'' Na-tin ngn:
''Nhn hu nhn, hu sc, hu thc; hu nh, hu thanh, hu thc; hu t,
hu hng, hu thc; hu thit, hu v, hu thc; hu thn, hu t hot, hu
thc; hu nim, hu php, hu thc; tng th sanh kh lc, tng kh lc sanh
n i, tng n i sanh tham dc, tng tham dc sanh hip; th ch kh ni
thnh vi nhn nh. Nhn, nh, t, khu, thn, thn, thc, nim, s hu tr tnh
hip vi phi, tng phi sanh kh lc, tng kh lc sanh n i, tng n i sanh
tham dc, tng tham dc nhn sanh hu tr, tng hu tr nhn sanh, tng
sanh nhn lo, nhn bnh, tng bnh nhn t, nhn u, tng u nhn khc,
tng khc nhn ni tm thng; nhn sanh nh th.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''V nhn
bt kin sc, bt gic, bt tri; tng bt gic bt tri v hu hip; v hu hip
v hu kh lc; v hu kh lc, tin bt sanh n i; v n i bt sanh tham
dc; v tham dc v hu tr, bt sanh, bt lo; bt sanh, bt lo bt bnh, bt
t; bt bnh, bt t bt su, bt khc; bt su, bt khc, bt ni tm thng; v
th ch kh tin thot c N-Hon o. V nh v s vn, v t v s
khu, v khu v s v, v thn v t hot, v thc v s nim, v s nim
v phi, v phi v kh lc, v kh lc v n i, v n i v tham dc, v
tham dc v bo thai, v s bo thai v s sanh; bt sanh bt lo, bt lo bt
bnh, bt bnh bt t, bt t bt su, bt su bt khc, bt khc bt ni tm
thng, quyn kh ch kh, tin c N-Hon o.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin tai!''
Vng phc vn Na-Tin ngn: ''Th gian ninh hu t nhin sanh vt v?''
Na-Tin ngn: ''V hu t nhin sanh vt giai ng hu s nhn.'' Na-Tin
nhn vn Vng: ''Kim Vng s ta in hu nhn cng phu tc chi gia, t
nhin sanh h?'' Vng ngn: ''Nhn cng tc chi ti chuyn xut th mc,
vin tng, n th xut i.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhn sanh dic nh th gii
nh ha hip ni thnh vi nhn; th c v t nhin sanh vt d, giai hu s
nhn.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Th nh ( ) gia tc kh th th thy ha d vi n thiu
tc tp kh vt, k n bt nng t thnh vi kh hi ng tu nhn cng hu
tn ha ni thnh vi kh nh. Th gian v hu t nhin sanh d.'' Na-Tin ng
Vng ngn: ''Th nh khng hu v ty, v tr, v nhn c gi, ninh nng

tc thanh bt?'' Vng ngn: ''Bt nng t tc thanh.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nh
s khng hu hu ty, hu tr, hu nhn cng c gi, k thanh ninh xut
bt?'' Vng ngn: ''Hu thanh.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nh th, thin h v t
nhin sanh vt giai ng hu s nhn.'' Na-Tin vn Vng: ''Nh ton ha
toi v lng mc, v nhn ton gi, ninh nng c ha bt?'' Vng ngn:
''Bt nng c ho.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Thit hu lng mc, hu nhn toi
chi, ninh nng sanh ha bt?'' Vng ngn: ''Nhin, tc sanh ho.'' Na-tin
ngn: ''Thin h v hu t nhin sanh vt giai ng hu s nhn.'' Na-Tin
vn Vng ngn: ''Th nh dng toi cu v nhn tr chi dic v nht v
thin, ninh nng c ho.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Th nh dng toi hu nhn tr
chi, hu thin, hu nht, ninh nng c ha bt?'' Vng ngn: ''c ho.''
Na-Tin ngn: ''Thin h v hu t nhin sanh vt giai ng hu nhn.''
Na-Tin vn Vng ngn: ''Nhc nhn v knh, v minh, nhn dc t
chiu, ninh nng t kin k hnh bt?'' Vng ngn: ''Bt nng t kin.'' NaTin ngn: ''Nh hu hu knh, hu minh, hu nhn t chiu ninh nng t
kin hnh bt?'' Vng ngn: ''Nhin, tc nng t kin.'' Na-Tin ngn:
''Thin h v hu t nhin sanh vt giai hu s nhn.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin
tai!'' Vng phc vn Na-Tin: ''Th gian nhn ninh vi hu nhn v?'' NaTin ngn: ''Th gian bt nng thm hu nhn d, thch ng h thy vi
nhn.'' Vng ngn: ''Thn trung mng tc vi nhn bt?'' Na-Tin vn
Vng: ''Nhn thn trung mng nng dng nhn th sc bt, nng dng nh
thnh m thanh bt, nng dng t vn hng bt, nng dng khu tri v bt,
nng dng thn tri t hot bt, nng dng hu s tri bt?'' Vng ngn:
''Nng.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Kim ng d Vng k in thng t din hu
song t ti dc tng h song gi ninh nng kin bt?'' Vng ngn: ''c
kin.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Thit linh nhn mng ti thn trung t ti dc tng h
khng th nh nng d nhn th sc bt, nng dng nh th sc bt, nng dng
t th sc bt, nng dng khu th sc bt, nng dng thn th sc bt, nng
dng th sc bt?'' Vng ngn: ''Bt nng.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Thit linh
mng ti nh nng d nh hu s vn bt, nng d nh hu s kin bt, nng d
nh tri hng x bt, nng d nh tri v bt, nng d nh tri t hot bt, nng d
nh hu s nim bt?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Thit linh mng ti t nng d t tri
hng x bt, nng d t vn m thanh bt, nng d t tri v bt, nng d t tri
t hot bt, nng d t hu s nim bt?'' Na-tin ngn: ''Thit linh mng ti
khu nng d khu tri v bt, nng d khu hu s kin bt, nng d khu
thnh m thanh bt, nng d khu vn x hng bt, nng d khu tri t hot
bt, nng d khu hu s nim bt?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Thit linh mng ti thn
trung nng d thn tri t hot bt, nng d thn hu s kin bt, nng d thn
thnh m thanh bt, nng d thn tri x hng bt, nng d thn tri v bt,
nng d thn hu s nim bt?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Thit linh mng ti thc

nng d thc hu s nim bt, nng d thc thnh m thanh bt, nng d thc
tri x hng bt, nng d thc tri v bt, nng d thc tri t hot bt?'' Vng
ngn: ''Bt nng tri d.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Vng s ng tin hu bt tng
ph.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nh ng d Vng cng ti in thng trit nhng
t song gi th ninh qung vin bt?'' Vng ngn: ''Nhin, qung vin.'' NaTin ngn: ''Thit linh mng ti thn trung ( ) nhn kh chi, k th ninh
qung vin bt, quyt nh linh i k thnh ninh nng vin bt, quyt t linh
i vn hng ninh nng vin bt, quyt khu linh i tri v ninh nng a
bt, ph bc b phu tri t hot ninh nng a bt, quyt phn kh k linh
ninh i bt?'' Vng ngn: ''Bt d.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Vng dic ng tin
hu bt ph.'' Na-Tin vn Vng ngn: ''Vng tr tng nhn lai nhp ti
Vng tin tr, Vng ninh gic tri ti tin tr bt?'' Vng ngn: ''Tri ti
tin.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Tr tng gi tc nhp Vng tht ninh tri nhp tht
bt?'' Vng ngn: ''Tri nhp tht gi.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Thit linh nhn mng
ti thn trung nhn tr v trc khu trung nng tri im, th, toan, hm, tn,
kh.'' Vng ngn: ''Tri chi.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Vng s ng tin hu bt
tng ph d.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nh nhn c m tu trc i kh trung cp
tc nht nhn khu o tr tu trung linh thng tu, k nhn ninh tri tu v
bt?'' Vng ngn: ''K nhn bt tri.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''H d c bt tri v?''
Vng ngn: ''V nhp khu o thit thng, c bt tri v.'' Na-Tin ngn:
''Vng s ng tin hu bt tng ph.'' Vng ngn: ''Ng ngu si tr v cp
th nan, nguyn tng gii chi.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhn tng nhn kin sc
thn ng, thn ng tc sanh kh lc nim hip nh, t, khu, , giai ng
hip vi hu s nim thn ng; thn ng tc sanh kh lc, tng kh lc
sanh , tng sanh nim, trin chuyn tng thnh thch v thng ch.''
Vng ngn: ''Thin tai!'' Vng phc vn Na-Tin: ''Nhn sanh nhn thi
nhn d thn cu sanh gia?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhin, ng thi cu sanh.''
Vng phc vn: ''Nhn c tin sanh gia, thn c tin sanh gia?'' Na-Tin
ngn: ''Nhn c tin sanh, thn c hu sanh.'' Vng ngn: ''Nhn ng thn
ngn, ng s hnh sanh x, nh ng ty ng hu sanh tng ng ngn
lng gia, thn ng nhn ngn, nh s sanh x, ng ng ty nh hu
sanh, lng tng ng bt?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Lng bt tng d ng.''
Vng ngn: ''Khanh bt ngn ng thi cu sanh, h d c bt tng ng
gia?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Hu t s cu bt tng ng.'' Na-Tin t ngn: ''H
ng t? Nht, vi h hnh; nh, vi hng mn; tam, vi hnh trit; t gi, vi
s. Th t s cu bt tng ng.'' Vng phc vn: ''H ng vi h hnh
gi?'' Na-Tin bo Vng ngn: ''Cao sn thng thin v, k thy ty lu
ng nh h hnh?'' Vng ngn: ''H hnh gia.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Hu phc
thin v, k thy lu ng phc nh h hnh?'' Vng ngn: ''ng ty
tin lu thy x hnh.'' Na-Tin vn Vng ngn: ''Tin thy ninh ng hu

thy ngn, nh ng ty ng hu lai. Hu thy ninh ng tin thy ngn,


ng ng ty nh x lu hnh. Tin thy, hu thy tng ng ngn nh
bt?'' Vng ngn: ''Thy lu cc t hnh, tin thy bt tng ng d.'' NaTin ngn: ''Nhn dic nh thy, nhn bt ng thn ngn, nh ng ty
ng hu sanh; thn dic bt ng nhn ngn, ng ng ty nh hu hnh
sanh d. Nhn d thn cu bt tng ng d. Th c vi h hnh. Nh, mc,
t, khu, thn, , dic nh.'' Vng phc vn: ''H ng vi hng mn gi?''
Na-Tin ngn: ''Th nh i thnh hu nht mn, k trung hu nht nhn
dc xut ng tng h hng?'' Vng ngn: ''ng tng mn nh.'' NaTin ngn: ''Hu phc hu nht nhn dc xut, ng phc tng h hng
xut?'' Vng ngn: ''C ng tng tin nhn mn xut nh.'' Na-Tin ngn
Vng: ''Tin xut nhn ninh ng hu nhn ngn, nh ng ty ng hu
xut. Hu nhn ninh ng tin nhn ngn, ng ng ty khanh s tng mn
xut. Lng nhn ninh tng ng ngn nh bt?'' Vng ngn: ''Tin nhn,
hu nhn cu bt tng ng d.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhn dic nh mn, nhn
bt ng thn ngn, nh ng ty ng hu sanh; thn dic bt ng nhn
ngn, ng kim ng ty nh hu sanh. Nhn d thn cu bt tng ng d.
Th vi hng mn. Nh, t, khu, thn, dic nh.'' Vng phc vn Na-Tin
ngn: ''H ng vi trit hnh gi?'' Na-Tin vn Vng ngn: ''Tin xa hnh
hu trit, hu xa hnh ng tng h s hnh?'' Vng ngn: ''Hu xa ng
tng tin xa trit trung hnh.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Tin xa lun ninh ng hu
lun ngn, nh ng ty ng x tng hu lai. Hu xa lun ninh ng tin
lun, ng ng ty nh x hnh; ninh tng ng ngn nh bt?'' Vng
ngn: ''Cu bt tng ng d.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhn dic nh th. Nhn bt
ng thn, ng s sanh x, nh ng ty ng sanh; thn dic bt ng nhn,
ng ng ty khanh hu sanh.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nh, t, khu, thn, thn
cu bt tng ng.'' Vng phc vn Na-Tin: ''H ng vi s?'' Na-Tin
ngn: ''S gi, hiu k d. Th ( ) hc vn th vi s. Nh, mc, t, khu, thn,
thn so so ( ) tri cng hip th lc s ni vi hu s tri bt tng nht s hu
s tri d.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin tai!'' Vng phc vn Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhn
mc sanh thi, d kh lc cu sanh bt?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Mc d kh lc
cu sanh, giai tng tng hip sanh.'' Vng phc ngn: ''H ng vi hip
gi?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Lng tng xc vi hip, hip gi. Th nh lng
dng tng ; th vi hip. Nht dng nh mc, nht dng nh sc, hip
vi danh phi. Th nh nht th vi mc, nht th vi sc, lng th hip vi
phi. Th nh lng thch, nht thch vi mc, nht thch vi sc, lng thch
hip vi phi. Nh, mc, t, thn, thn, giai ng hip vi phi. Th nh lng
thch, nht thch nh thn, nht thch nh ch, lng thch hip vi phi,
thn ch hip nh th; th danh vi phi.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin tai!'' Vng
phc vn Na-Tin: ''Lc, h ng loi?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''T gic tri vi lc.''

Na-Tin ngn: ''Th nhc nhn s quc vng, k nhn hin thin, Vng
t d ti vt; k nhn c chi, dng t khoi lc ti s dc, vi k nhn t
nim, ng s Vng c thng t, kim c lc, lc nh th.'' Na-Tin ngn:
''Th nh nhn tm nim thin, khu ngn thin, thn hnh thin; hnh thin
nh th, t hu c sanh thin thng, k nhn thin thng cc t ngu
lc t nim ngn, ng ti th gian thi, tm nim thin, khu ngn thin,
thn hnh thin; th c ng t tr sanh th gian, c lc thm lc; th vi gic.''
Vng ngn: ''Thin tai!'' Vng phc vn Na-Tin: ''H ng vi gic gi?''
Na-Tin ngn: ''Tng tri vi gic. Th nh Vng hu tr tng gi nhp tng
tht trung t th tht trung, tri hu nhc thin tin, kim, ngn, chu, ngc,
tng, bch, tp hng sc giai tri tp x, th vi gic tri.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin
tai!'' Vng phc vn Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhn hu s nim, h ng loi?'' NaTin ngn: ''Nhn hu s nim nhn hu s tc; th nh nhn ha c dc
t m dic phc hnh m nhn, thn t kh dic phc kh tha nhn thn.''
Na-Tin ngn: ''Th nh nhn tc c, t hu ng nhp N-L trung ch s
gio gi giai nhp N-L trung; c nhn hu s nim, s tc ngn nh th.''
Vng ngn: ''Thin tai!'' Vng phc vn Na-Tin ngn: ''H ng vi ni
ng gi?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Ch nim ni tin ng.'' Vng ngn: ''ng
hnh thi vn h?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Th nh ng huyn ng ph hu nhn
vng thiu chi, k kh hu thanh c h hu d m nhi hnh, nhn nh th ch
ng nim nhn hnh.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Thiu thi vi ng, hu d m vi
hnh.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin tai!'' Vng phc vn Na-Tin ngn: ''Nng hip
th phn bit chi bt th vi hip, th vi tr, th vi nim, th vi , th vi ng
gia?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Gi linh d hip bt kh phc phn bit d.'' Na-Tin
ngn: ''Vng s t nhn tc m canh, trung hu thy, hu nhc, hu thng
ton, hu cng, hu dim th, hu no, Vng sc tr h nhn ngn, s tc
m canh nh tin th canh trung thy v, lai th th nhc v, lai th th
thng v, lai th th cng v, lai th th dim th v, lai th th na v, lai
canh d thnh, nhn ninh nng nht nht th canh v d Vng bt?'' Vng
ngn: ''Canh nht hip d hu bt nng nht nht bit v d.'' Na-Tin ngn:
''Ch s dic nh th, nht hip bt kh bit d, th vi kh lc, th vi tr, th vi
ng, th vi nim.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin tai! Thin tai!'' Vng phc vn NaTin ngn: ''Nhn tr mc th dim v ninh kh bit tri bt?'' Na-Tin ngn:
''Vng tri ni nh th gia, nng tr mc th tri dim v?'' Vng ngn: ''Mc
bt tri dim v gia.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhn tr thit nng tri dim v th bt
nng d mc tri dim v d.'' Vng phc ngn: ''Nhn dng thit tri v vn''
Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhn giai dng thit bit tri v.'' Vng ngn: ''Ch dim v
giai ng dng thit bit tri gia?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhin, Ch dim v giai
ng dng thit bit tri nh.'' Vng phc vn Na-Tin ngn: ''Xa ti dim
ngu ch dim xa ngu ninh nng bit tri bt?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Xa ngu bt

nng bit tri tri dim v d.'' Vng vn Na-Tin ngn: ''Dim v ninh kh
xng bt?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Vng tr ni nh nng xng dim v Vng
vn.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Dim v bt kh xng d. K khinh trng kh xng
nh.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin tai!'' Vng phc vn Na-Tin: ''Phm nhn thn
trung ng tri tc chng s s thnh gia, tc nht s thnh ng tri gia?'' NaTin ngn: ''Tc chng s s thnh, phi nht s s thnh d; th nh nht i
ng cc ng sanh thi cc cc t sanh ng loi; nhn thn trung ng s
giai dng chng s cc s sanh.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin tai! Thin tai!'' Vng
phc vn Na-Tin: ''Th gian nhn u, tu, pht, phu, din, mc, nh, t,
khu, thn th, t chi, th tc, giai hon c, h c trung hu th mng trng
gi, trung hu on mng gi, hu a bnh gi, trung hu thiu bnh gi,
trung hu bn gi, trung hu ph gi, trung hu qu gi, trung hu tin gi,
trung hu i s gi, trung hu tiu s gi, trung hu oan chnh gi, trung
hu x gi, trung hu vi nhn s tn gi, trung hu vi nhn s nghi gi,
trung hu minh hiu gi, trung hu ngu gi, h c bt ng?'' Na-Tin ngn:
''Th nh ch th mc qu chng, trung hu th bt im gi, trung hu kh
gi, trung hu tn gi, trung hu im gi, trung hu chnh th gi.'' Na-Tin
vn Vng ngn: ''Th giai th mc, h c bt ng?'' Vng ngn: ''S d
bt ng gi, k ti cc t d.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhn dic nh th, tm s
nim gi cc cc d, th c linh th gian nhn bt ng nh, trung hu on
mng gi, trung hu trng mng gi, trung hu a bnh gi, trung hu thiu
bnh gi, trung hu ph gi, trung hu bn gi, trung hu qu gi, trung hu
tin gi, trung hu i s gi, trung hu tiu s gi, trung hu oan chnh gi,
trung hu x gi, trung hu ng dng gi, trung hu ng bt dng gi, trung
hu minh gi, trung hu ngu gi.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Th c Pht s ngn, ty
k nhn tc thin c t ng c chi, trung hu ho qu gi, trung hu bn
cng gi, giai th tin th tc mng th tc thin c cc t ty k c c
chi.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin tai! Thin tai!'' Vng phc vn Na-Tin ngn:
''Nhn hu dc tc thin gi ng tin tc chi gia, ng hu tc chi h?''
Na-Tin ngn: ''ng c tin tc chi, ti hu tc chi bt nng ch nhn d.
C tin tc gi hu ch nhn.'' Na-Tin vn Vng ngn: ''Vng kht dc
m thi s nhn qut i tc tnh nng ph Vng kht bt?'' Vng ngn:
''Bt ph kht d; ng c tin tc tnh nh.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhn dic nh
th, nhn s c giai ng c tin, ti hu tc gi v ch d.'' Na-Tin vn
Vng: ''Vng c thi ni s nhn canh i, phn i, chng ng cc c
ninh dng phn gia, ng d hu tr?'' Vng ngn: ''Bt d, ng tin
hu tr tr.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhn dic nh th, ng tin tc thin, hu
cp ni tc thin gi v ch thn d.'' Na-Tin vn Vng: ''Th nh Vng
hu on ng lm thi xut chin u, Vng nng s nhn gio m, gio
tng, gio nhn, tc chin u c h?'' Vng ngn: ''Bt d, ng tc

hu tr tr lm thi tin kh chin u, lm thi gio m, gio tng, gio


nhn, v ch d.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Pht kinh thuyt ngn, nhn ng tin t
nim thn tc thin, ti hu tc thin v ch d.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Vng mc
kh i o tu t o v hiu; ngu nhn kh thin tc c hu ta khc v
s ch d. Nhn gia kh quyn trung chnh, tu bt chnh, lm t thi hi
ti hu.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin tai! Thin tai!'' Vng phc vn Na-Tin:
''Khanh to ch sa-mn ngn, th gian ha bt nh N-L trung ha nhit
d. Khanh to phc ngn, tr tiu thch trc th gian ha trung ch m bt
tiu d. Khanh to phc ngn, cc th i thch trc N-L ha trung
khc tiu tn. Th c, ng bt tn d. Khanh to phc ngn, nhn tc c t
ti N-L trung s thin vn tu, k nhn bt tiu t; th c ng trng bt tn
th ng d.'' Na-Tin vn Vng: ''Vng ninh vn kin thy trung hu th
mng, th giao, th bit, th gii, hoi t d sa thch vi thc bt?'' Vng
ngn: ''Nhin, giai d th vi thc.'' Na-Tin vn Vng: ''Sa-thch ti phc
trung ninh tiu bt?'' Vng ngn: ''Nhin, giai tiu.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''K
phc trung hoi t ninh phc tiu bt?'' Vng ngn: ''Bt tiu d.'' Na-Tin
ngn: ''H d c bt tiu?'' Vng ngn: ''Tng lc c ng nhin c bt
tiu.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''N-L trung nhn dic nh th, s thin vn tu bt
tiu t gi, k nhn s tc ti qu v tn, c bt tiu t.'' Na-Tin vn Vng
ngn: ''Th s t, th h, th cu, th miu hoi t giai nhc thc m ct
nhp phc trung thi ninh tiu bt?'' Vng ngn: ''Giai tiu tn.'' Na-Tin
vn Vng ngn: ''K phc hoi t ninh phc tiu bt?'' Vng ngn: ''Bt
tiu d.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Dng h c bt tiu?'' Vng ngn: ''c dng lc
tng, c bt tiu d.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''N-L trung nhn dic nh th, s
thin vn tu bt tiu t gi; N-L trung nhn s tc qu c v gii, c bt
tiu t.'' Na-Tin vn Vng ngn: ''Th ngu, th m, th l, th qun, th
lc, hoi t giai thc tho s vi xan bt?'' Vng ngn: ''Nhin, giai d th vi
thc.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''K s tho ninh phc trung tiu tn bt?'' Vng
ngn: ''Giai tiu tn.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''K phc trung t ninh tiu tn bt?''
Vng ngn: ''Bt tiu tn d.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''H c bt tiu tn?'' Vng
ngn: ''c d tng lc ng nhin c s bt tiu tn.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''NL trung nhn dic nh th; th ti qu v tn, c bt tiu t.'' Na-Tin vn
Vng ngn: '' Phu nhn cp trng gi ph gia n m thc giai m t
thc thc phc trung ninh tiu bt?'' Vng ngn: ''Giai tiu.''
Na-Tin vn Vng ngn: ''Phc trung hoi t ninh tiu bt?'' Vng ngn:
''Bt tiu d.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''H d c bt tiu?'' Vng ngn: ''c tng
lc c s bt tiu d.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''N-L trung nhn dic nh th, s d
s thin vn tu bt tiu t gi dng tin th tc c c v gii, c bt tiu t.''
Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhn ti N-L trung trng ti N-L trung, lo qu tn ni

ng t.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin tai!'' Vng phc vn Na-Tin: ''Khanh to


ch sa-mn ngn, thin h i giai ti thy thng, thy ti phong thng,
phong ti khng thng, ng bt tn th d.'' Na-Tin tin tin th Vng th
thy thch d tam ch tot c chi, vn Vng ngn: '' Th trung thy vi phong
s tr bt?'' Vng ngn: ''Nhin, vi phong s tr.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Phong tr
thy dic nh th.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin tai!'' Vng phc vn Na-Tin
ngn: ''N-Hon o giai qu kh v s phc hu gia?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''NHon o v s phc hu d.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Ngu si chi nhn knh lai sch
ni ngoi thn i to, th c bt nng thot lo, bnh, t.'' Na-Tin ngn:
''Tr gi hc o nhn ni ngoi thn bt trc d; nhn v hu n i, v hu
n i gi, v tham dc gi, v hu bo thai; v hu bo thai gi bt sanh bt
lo; bt sanh bt lo, bt bnh bt t; bt bnh bt u, bt khc; bt u bt
khc, bt ni tm thng, tin c N-Hon o.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin tai!''
Vng phc vn Na-Tin ngn: ''Ch hc o gi tt nng c N-Hon o
bt?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Bt nng tt c N-Hon o d. Chnh hng thin
o gi hc tri chnh s, ng s phng hnh gi phng hnh chi; bt
ng phng hnh gi vin kh chi, ng s nim gi nim, bt ng s
nim gi kh chi, nhn nh th gi c N-Hon o.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin
tai!'' Vng phc vn Na-Tin: ''Nhn bt c N-Hon o gi ninh tri NHon o vi khoi bt?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhin, tuy v c N-Hon o do
tri N-Hon o vi khoi d.'' Vng ngn: ''Nhn v c N-Hon o gi
h d tri vi khoi gia?'' Na-Tin vn Vng ngn: ''Nhn sanh v thng trit
th tc vi thng x?'' Vng ngn: ''Nhn tuy v thng cnh trit th tc do
tri vi thng d.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''H dng tri vi thng d?'' Vng ngn: ''K
nhn trit th tc thi ( ) h dng th tri vi thng.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhn
dic nh th, tin c N-Hon o gi chuyn tng ng N-Hon o
khoi dng th c tn chi.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin tai!'' Vng phc vn NaTin: ''Na-Tin ninh tng kin Pht bt?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''V tng kin d.''
Vng ngn: ''Na-Tin ch s ninh tng kin Pht bt?'' Na-Tin ngn:
''Ch s dic bt kin Pht d.'' - ''Nh s Na-Tin cp ch s bt kin Pht
gi, nh vi v hu Pht d.'' Na-Tin vn Vng ngn: ''Vng kin ng b
thy s hip t x bt?'' Vng ngn: ''Ng bt kin d.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''
Vng ph cp thi ph giai kin th thy bt?'' Vng ngn: ''Giai bt kin
d.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Vng ph cp thi ph giai bt kin th ng b thy
hip t x, thin h nh vi v hu th ng b thy s t x gia?'' Vng
ngn: ''Tuy ng ph cp thi ph giai bt kin th thy gi, thc hu th
thy gia?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Tuy ng ch s bt kin Pht gi, k thc hu
Pht.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin tai!''
(Na-Tin t-kheo Kinh - Quyn Trung)

-ooOooNA-TIN T-KHEO KINH


Quyn H
Vng phc vn ngn: ''V hu phc thng Pht gi gia?'' Na-Tin ngn:
''Nhin, v hu thng Pht gi.'' Vng phc vn: ''H d tri vi v hu thng
Pht gi?'' Na-Tin vn Vng ngn: ''Nh nhn v tng nhp i hi trung
ninh tri hi thy vi i bt, hu ng b h, h hu ng b tiu h, lu nhp
i h: nht gi danh Hng, nh gi danh Tn-tha, tam gi danh T-tha, t
gi danh ( )-xoa, ng gi danh Th-ph-di-nh. Ng h thy tr d lu nhp
hi. Hi thy dic bt tng, bt gim.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Vng ninh nng vn
tri bt?'' Vng ngn: ''Thc tri.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''D c o nhn cng o
thuyt v hu nng thng Pht gi th c, ng tn chi.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin
tai!'' Vng phc vn Na-Tin: ''H dng tri v hu nng thng Pht gi?''
Na-Tin vn Vng: ''To tc th s gi vi thy?'' Vng ngn: ''To tc th
s gi danh Cht.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Vng ninh tng kin Cht bt?'' Vng
ngn: ''Cht d t cu vin, v tng kin.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Vng v tng
kin Cht, h dng tri Cht vi to th s?'' Vng ngn: ''Tr c thi th t
chuyn tng gio co, dng th, c ng tri danh vi Cht.'' Na-Tin ngn:
''Dng th c ng to kin Pht kinh gii nh kin Pht v d. Pht s thuyt
kinh o thm thm khoi, nhn tri Pht kinh gii, d hu tin chuyn tng
gio, dng th c ng tri vi v hu nng thng Pht gi.'' Vng phc vn
Na-Tin: ''T kin Pht kinh o kh cu hnh chi?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Pht s
th gio cm kinh gii thm khoi ng phng hnh chi ch lo.'' Vng
ngn: ''Thin tai!'' Vng phc vn Na-Tin: ''Nhn t d hu thn bt ty
hu th sanh gia?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhn t d hu cnh th tn thn c thn
bt ty.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Th nh ng trung ch cnh tng nhin c ch
tc ti tn ch cnh nhin. Nhn thn nh th c thn bt hnh cnh th tn
thn.'' Na-Tin vn Vng: ''Vng tiu thi tng s hc th, c kinh bt?''
Vng ngn: ''Nhin, ng tc nim chi.'' Na-Tin vn Vng:
''Vng s tng s th kinh th s ninh phc tri bn kinh th gia, tt cu c
k bn kinh th?'' Vng ngn: ''Bt d. S tc t tri bn kinh th nh.'' NaTin ngn: ''Nhn thn nh th tr, c cnh th tn thn.'' Vng ngn:
''Thin tai!'' Vng phc vn Na-Tin: ''Thm vi hu tr v?'' Na-Tin ngn:
''V hu tr.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Th nh nhn o tha nhn qu lo, o gi
ninh hu qu v?'' Vng ngn: ''Hu qu.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''S chng ti
thi thng v qu lo, h duyn o gi ng hu qu?'' Vng ngn:

''Thit bt chng ti, h duyn hu qu, th c o gi v trng.'' Na-Tin


ngn: ''Nhn dic nh th, dng kim th tc thin c sanh hu th cnh th
tn thn.'' Vng ngn: ''Nhn dng th c thn hnh tc thin c cnh tn
thin c s ti?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhn ch s tc thin c ty nhn nh nh
ty thn; nhn t n vong k thn, bt vong k hnh. Th nh nhin ha d
th ha dit k t tc ti ha ch phc thnh chi. Kim th s tc hnh hu th
thnh nh th chi nh th.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin tai!'' Vng ngn Na-Tin:
''Ninh nng phn bit ch th s ti bt gia?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Bt kh c tri
thin c s ti.'' Na-Tin vn Vng: ''Th mcv hu qu thi ngn ninh
nng phn bit ch th ngn k chi gian v hu qu ninh kh d tri chi bt
gia?'' Vng ngn: ''Bt kh tri.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhn v c o bt nng
d tri thin c s ti.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin tai!'' Vng phc vn: ''Nhn
ng hu th sanh gi ninh nng t tri bt.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''K ng
sanh gi t tri.'' Vng ngn: ''H dng tri chi?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Th nh
in gia canh chng thin v thi tit k nhn ninh d tri ng c cc
bt?'' Vng ngn: ''Nhin, do tri ng c cc a.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhn
dic nh th, nhn ng hu th sanh d t tri.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin tai!''
Vng phc vn Na-Tin: ''Thm hu N-Hon v?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Thm
hu.'' Vng ngn: ''Na-Tin ninh nng ch th ng Pht ti k x bt?'' NaTin ngn: ''Bt nng ch th Pht ti k x. Pht d Bt-N-Hon kh, bt
kh c ch th, ch th kin x.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Th nh nhn nhin i ha
d tc dit k ho, ha ninh kh phc ch th tri quang s ti bt?'' Vng
ngn: ''Bt kh tri x.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Pht d Bt-N-Hon kh, bt kh
phc tri x.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin tai!'' Vng phc vn Na-Tin: ''Sa-mn
ninh t i k thn bt?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Sa-mn bt t i k thn.'' Vng
ngn: ''Nh linh sa-mn bt t i k thn gi, h d c t tiu tc nga dc
c an n nhuyn, m thc dc c m thin, t h th h d c?'' Na-Tin
vn Vng ngn: ''Ninh tng nhp chin u trung bt?'' Vng ngn:
''Nhin, ng tng nhp chin u trung.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Ti chin u trung,
tng v ao, nhn, tin s trng bt?'' Vng ngn: ''Ng tng ph v ao,
nhn s trng.'' Na-Tin vn Vng: ''ao, nhn, mu, tin thng ni h?''
Vng ngn: ''Ng d cao, dc, min, nh, l nh.'' Na-Tin vn Vng
ngn: ''Vng v i thng c d cao, dc, min, nh l gia?'' Vng ngn:
''Ng bt i thng.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Th bt i thng gi, h d tr cao,
dc, min nh l d h chi?'' Vng ngn: ''Ng dc s tt d nh, bt i k
thng.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Sa-mn dic nh th; bt i k thn, tuy m thc,
tm bt lc, bt dng tc m, bt dng tc ho, bt dng tc c sc, th dc
chi thn th phng hnh Pht kinh gii nh. Pht kinh thuyt ngn, nhn hu
cu khng vi cu mu thng, ch khng giai x x bt tnh.'' Vng ngn:
''Thin tai!'' Vng phc vn Na-Tin: ''Pht vi thm hu tam thp nh

tng, bt thp chng ho, thn giai kim sc hu quang nh gia?'' Na-Tin
ngn: ''Pht thm hu tam thp nh tng, bt thp chng ho, giai hu kim
sc hu quang nh.'' Vng ngn: ''Pht ph mu ninh phc hu tam thp
nh tng, bt thp chng ho, thn giai kim sc hu quang nh gia?'' NaTin ngn: ''Pht ph mu v th tng.'' Vng ngn: ''Nh s ph mu v
th tng gi, Pht dic v th tng.'' Vng phc ngn: ''Nhn sanh t
tng k chng loi, ph mu v hu th tng gi, Pht nh v th tng.''
Na-Tin ngn: ''Pht ph mu tuy v th tam thp nh tng, bt thp chng
ho, thn kim sc gi, Pht thm hu th tng.'' Na-Tin vn Vng:
''Vng tng kin lin hoa bt?'' Vng ngn: ''Ng kin chi.'' Na-Tin ngn:
''Th lin hoa sanh i, trng n thy chi trung, sc thm, hng ho,
ninh phc tng loi n thy sc bt?'' Vng ngn: ''Bt tng loi i n
thy sc.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Tuy Pht ph mu v th ch tng gi, Pht
thm hu th ch tng; Pht sanh th gian, trng th gian, nhi bt
tng th gian chi s.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin tai!'' Vng phc vn Na-Tin:
''Pht thm nh tht Thin vng Phm s hnh bt d ph n giao hi
bt?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhin, thm ly ph n, tnh khit v h u.'' Vng
ngn: ''Gi linh Pht nh tht Thin vng s hnh gi, Pht vi tht
Phm t.'' Na-Tin vn Vng: '' tht Thin vng gi hu nim v
nim?'' Vng ngn: '' tht Thin vng Phm hu nim.'' Na-Tin ngn:
''Th c tht thin vng Phm cp thng ch Thin giai vi Pht t.''
Na-Tin vn Vng ngn: ''iu minh thanh h ng loi?'' Vng ngn:
''iu minh thanh nh nhn thanh.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nh th iu vi th nhn
t, cc t d loi; Pht dic nh th, phi tht Thin vng Phm t.''
Vng ngn: ''Thin tai!'' Vng phc vn Na-Tin: ''Pht ninh tt hc tri
phng hnh kinh gii bt?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Pht tt hc tri phng hnh kinh
gii.'' Vng ngn: ''Pht tng thy s th kinh gii?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Pht
v s. Pht c o thi tin tt t tri ch kinh o. Pht bt nh ch t
hc tri. Pht s gio ch t giai ng phng hnh ch lo.'' Vng ngn:
''Thin tai!'' Vng phc vn Na-Tin: ''Nhn ph mu t thi bi khc l
xut, nhn hu vn Pht kinh dic phc bi khc l xut, cu l xut ninh
hu bit d bt?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhn hu ph mu khp giai cm t i,
t nim su u, kh thng; th to u gi ngu si u nh. K hu vn Pht
kinh o l xut gi giai hu t ai chi tm, nim th gian cn kh, th c l
xut k c phc thm i.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin tai!'' Vng phc vn NaTin: ''D c thot gi, v c thot gi, hu h ng bit d?'' Na-Tin
ngn: ''Nhn v c thot gi hu tham dc chi tm, nhn c thot
gi v hu tham dc chi tm, n dc th c phn thc chi mng nh.''
Vng ngn: ''Ng kin th gian nhn giai dc khoi thn, dc c m thc,
v hu ( ) tc.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhn v c thot gi phn thc dng tc

vinh lc ho; nhn c thot gi tuy phn thc bt d vi lc, bt d vi cam,


th dc chi mng.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin tai!'' Vng phc vn Na-Tin:
''Nhn gia hu s tc nim cu vin chi s bt?''
Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhn su u thi giai nim cu vin chi s.'' Vng ngn:
''Dng h ng nim chi, dng ch nim gia, dng nim nim gia?'' Na-Tin
vn Vng ngn: ''Ninh tng hu s hc tri d hu nim chi bt?'' Vng
ngn: ''Nhin, ng tng hu s hc tri d hu phc cp vong chi.'' Na-Tin
ngn: ''Vng th thi v vong gia, nhi vong chi h?'' Vng ngn: ''Ng
thi vng nim.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Kh sai Vng vi hu tng.'' Vng phc
vn Na-tin: ''Nhn hu s tc giai nim nh ph thy hu s tc kim kin
ti s tc giai dng nim tri gia?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''D kh chi s giai dng
nim tri chi, kim kin ti chi s dic dng nim tri chi.'' Vng ngn: ''Nh
th nhn n nim kh s bt nng phc nim tn s.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Gi
linh tn gi hu s tc bt kh nim gi dic nh th.'' Vng ngn: ''Nhn
tn hc th k xo vi ng quyn gia?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhn tn hc th
ha gi hu nim c linh t hc gi hu tri, th c hu nim nh.'' Vng
ngn: '' Thin tai!'' Vng phc vn Na-Tin: ''Nhn dng k s sanh nim
gia?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhn phm hu thp lc s sanh nim. Nht gi, cu
vin s tc sanh nim. Nh gi, tn hu s hc sanh nim. Tam gi, nhc
hu i s sanh nim. T gi, t thin sanh nim. Ng gi tng s cnh kh
sanh nim. Lc gi, t t duy sanh nim. Tht gi, tng tp s tc sanh nim.
Bt gi, gio nhn sanh nim. Cu gi, tng sanh nim. Thp gi, tng hu
s vong sanh nim. Thp nht gi, nhn thc sanh nim. Thp nh gi, hiu
k sanh nim. Thp tam gi, ph tri sanh nim. Thp t gi, nht tm sanh
nim. Thp ng gi, c th sanh nim. Thp lc gi, tng hu s k cnh
kin sanh nim. Vi thp lc s sanh.''
Nht, Vng phc vn Na-Tin: ''H ng vi nim cu gi?'' Na-Tin ngn:
''Pht t A-nan, n t u b di Cu-th-thin-bi nim c th tc,
nim thi s, cp d o nhn giai nng nim kh th chi s, nh A-nan n
bi thm chng a nim th d tin sanh nim.''
Nh, Vng phc vn: ''H ng vi tn s hc sanh nim gi?'' Na-Tin
ngn: ''Nh nhn to hc tri hiu k hu phc vong chi, kin nhn hiu k
tin cnh sanh nim.''
Tam, Vng phc vn Na-Tin: ''H ng vi i s sanh nim gi?'' Na-Tin
ngn: ''Th nh Thi-t lp vi Vng, t nim vi Vng ho qu; th vi i
s sanh nim.''

T, Vng phc vn Na-Tin: ''H ng vi t thin sanh nim gi?'' Na-Tin


ngn: ''Th nh vi nhn s thnh h cc thin tn ng i chi, k nhn t
nim ngn tch nht vi k s thnh h thin i nhn, th vi t thin sanh
nim.''
Ng, Vng phc vn Na-Tin: ''H ng vi cnh kh sanh nim?'' Na-Tin
ngn: ''Th nh nhn tng vi nhn s qua chy b h lao ngc, th vi cnh
kh sanh nim.
Lc, Vng phc vn Na-Tin ngn: ''H ng vi t t duy sanh nim gi?''
Na-Tin ngn: ''Th nh tng hu s kin nhc gia tht tng thn cp sc
sanh, th vi t t duy sanh nim.''
Tht, Vng phc vn Na-Tin ngn: ''H ng vi tng tp s tc sanh nim
gi?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Th nh nhn danh vn vt t nhan sc, hng x, cam
kh, nim th ng s, th vi tp sanh nim.''
Bt, Vng phc vn Na-Tin ngn: ''H ng vi gio nhn sanh nim gi?''
Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhn t h vong bin nhn hoc hu gi, hoc vong gi,
vong vi gio nhn sanh nim.
Cu, Vng phc vn Na-Tin ngn: ''H ng vi tng sanh nim gi?''
Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhn ngu, m, cc t hu tng loi, th vi tng sanh
nim.''
Thp, Vng phc vn Na-Tin: ''H ng vi tng s vong sanh nim gi?''
Na-Tin ngn: ''Th nh nhn tt hu s vong s s c nim c chi, th vi
tng s vong sanh nim.''
Thp nht, Vng phc vn Na-Tin: ''H ng vi nhn thc sanh nim
gi?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Hc th gi nng cu k t, th vi nhn thc sanh
nim.''
Thp nh, Vng phc vn Na-Tin: ''H ng vi hiu k sanh nim gi?''
Na-Tin ngn: ''Nh nhn cng hiu k thnh tu tt tri sch thut phn
minh, th vi hiu k sanh nim.''
Thp tam, Vng phc vn Na-Tin: ''H ng vi ph tri sanh nim gi?''
Na-Tin ngn: ''Th nh c c s ng tri qui, th vi tri cc sanh nim.''

Thp t, Vng phc vn Na-Tin: ''H ng vi nht tm sanh nim gi?''


Na-Tin ngn: ''Sa-mn nht k tm t nim s tng lai sanh thin c th
thi s, th ng vi nht k tm sanh nim.''
Thp ng, Vng phc vn Na-Tin: ''H ng vi c th sanh nim gi?''
Na-Tin ngn: '' vng hu c chi th nim ngn k , k nin thi th
d, th vi c th sanh nim.''
Thp lc, Vng phc vn Na-Tin: ''H ng vi tng hu s k cnh kin
sanh nim gi?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhc nhn hu s k cnh nhn kin chi,
tin sanh nim, th vi s k sanh nim.
Vng ngn: ''Thin tai!'' Vng phc vn Na-Tin: ''Pht ninh tt tri kh s
ph thy ng lai s gia?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhin, Pht tt tri chi.'' Vng
ngn: ''Gi linh Pht tt tri ch s gi, h c bt nht thi gio ch t, h
c so so gio chi?'' Na-Tin vn Vng: ''Quc trung ninh hu y s v?''
Vng ngn: ''Hu.'' - ''Y s ninh nng tt tri thin h ch dc bt?'' Vng
ngn: ''Nng tt thc tri ch dc.'' Na-Tin vn Vng: ''K y s tr bnh vi
nht thi d dc so so d chi?'' Vng ngn: ''Nhn v bnh bt kh d
d dc, ng bnh ni d dc nh.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Pht tuy tt tri kh lai
kin ti chi s dic bt kh nht thi tt gio thin h, ng so so th
kinh gii linh phng hnh chi nh.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin tai!'' Vng phc
vn Na-Tin: ''Khanh to sa-mn ngn, nhn ti th gian tc c ch b tu,
lm dc t thi nim Pht, t hu gi nng c sanh thin thng. Ng bt
tn th ng. Phc ngn, st nht sanh, t tc ng nhp N-L trung, ng
bt tn th ng.'' Na-Tin vn Vng: ''Nh nhn tr tiu thch tr thy
thng, thch ph gia, mt gia?'' Vng ngn: ''K thch mt.'' Na-Tin
ngn: ''Nh linh tr b mai i thch tr thuyn thng, k thuyn ninh mt
bt?'' Vng ngn: ''Bt mt.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Thuyn trung b mai i
thch nhn thuyn c bt c mt. Nhn tuy hu bn c, nht thi nim
Pht, dng th c bt nhp N-L trung, tin c sanh thin thng; k tiu
thch mt gi nh nhn tc c bt tri Pht kinh, t hu tin nhp N-L
trung.''
Vng ngn: ''Thin tai!'' Vng phc vn Na-Tin: ''Khanh to dng h
ng c hnh hc o tc sa-mn?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Ng d qu kh kh,
hin ti kh, ng lai kh, dc kh th ch kh, bt dc phc th cnh c
hnh hc o tc sa mn.'' Vng phc vn Na-Tin: ''Kh ni ti hu th h
vi d hc o tc sa-mn?'' Na-Tin vn Vng: ''Vng ninh hu ch
quc on gia dc tng cng kch bt?'' Vng ngn: ''Nhin, hu ch quc

on gia thng dc tng cng kch d.'' Na-Tin vn Vng: ''ch cha
lm lai thi Vng ni tc u k b th qut thim gia, ng d tc chi
h?'' Vng ngn: ''ng d hu tr i.'' Na-Tin vn Vng: ''Dng h
ng c d tc tr i?'' Vng ngn: ''B ch lai v thi c.'' Na-Tin vn
Vng: ''ch thng v lai h c d b chi?'' Na-Tin phc vn Vng: ''C
ni in chng, kht ni qut tnh gia?'' Vng ngn: ''Giai ng d tc
chi.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Thng v c kht, h c d tc iu ?'' Vng
ngn: ''Thin tai!'' Vng phc vn Na-Tin: '' tht Phm Thin kh th
k s?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Thm vin, linh thch i nh Vng in tng
tht Phm Thin thng a chi lc nguyt nht ni a th gian i nh.''
Vng ngn: ''Khanh to ch sa-mn ngn, c La-hn o nh nhn khut
thn t khonh d phi thng tht Phm Thin thng.'''Vng ngn:
''Ng bt tn th hnh s thin vn c l, h d tt ni nh gia?'' Na-Tin vn
Vng: ''Vng bn sanh h quc?'' Vng ngn: ''Ng bn sanh i Tn
quc, quc danh A-L-Tn. '' Na-Tin vn Vng: ''A-l-tn kh th gian k
l?'' Vng ngn: ''Kh nh thin do tun hip bt vn l.'' Na-Tin vn
Vng: ''Ph tng th dao nim bn quc trung s bt?'' Vng ngn:
''Nhin, hng nim bn quc trung s nh.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Vng th phc
cnh nim bn quc trung s tng hu s tc vi gi.'' Vng ngn: ''Ng tc
nim d.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Vng hnh bt vn l phn phc h d tt?''
Vng ngn: ''Thin tai!'' Vng phc vn Na-Tin: ''Nhc hu lng
nhn th cu thi t, nht nhn thng sanh tht Phm Thin, nht
nhn sanh K Tn kh th tht b nh thp l, thy vi tin o gi?'' Na-Tin
ngn: ''Lng nhn cu thi o nh.'' Vng ngn: ''Tng kh vin cn
i a, h d cu ch?'' Na-Tin vn Vng: ''Th nim A-l quc.'' Vng
ngn: ''Ng d nim chi.'' Na-Tin phc ngn: '' Vng th phc nim K
tn.'' Vng ngn: ''Ng d nim chi.'' Na-Tin vn Vng: ''Nim th lng
quc, h s tt gi?'' Vng ngn: ''Cu ng nh.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Lng
nhn cu t, nht nhn sanh tht Phm Thin thng, nht nhn sanh K
tn dic ng nh.'' Na-Tin vn Vng: ''Nhc hu nht song phi iu,
nht iu i th thng ch, nht iu tiu ty th ch, lng iu cu
ch, thy nh tin ti i gi?'' Vng ngn: ''K nh cu o i nh.'' NaTin ngn: ''Lng nhn cu t, nht nhn sanh tht Phm Thin thng,
nht nhn sanh K tn dic cu thi ch nh.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin tai!''
Vng phc vn Na-Tin: ''Nhn dng k s hc tri o?'' Na-Tin ngn:
''Dng tht s hc tri o. H ng vi tht? Nht gi, nim thin c chi s.
Nh gi tinh tn. Tam gi lc o. T gi phc vi thin. Ng gi nim o.
Lc gi nht tm. Tht gi thch ng v s tng i.'' Vng phc vn NaTin: ''Nhn dng th tht s hc tri o gia?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Bt tt dng
tht s hc tri o. Tr gi tr tr bit tri thin c, dng th nht s bit tri

nh.'' Vng phc vn Na-Tin: ''Gi linh dng nht s tri gi, h vi thuyt
tht s?'' Na-Tin vn Vng: ''Nh nhn tr ao trc thao trung bch
ao, ninh nng t hu s ct tit bt?'' Vng ngn: ''Bt nng hu s ct
tit.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhn tm tuy minh hi ng c th lc s cng
thnh tr nh.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin tai!'' Vng phc vn Na-Tin: ''Nhn
gia tc thin c phc i gia, tc c c ng i gia?'' Na-Tin ngn:
''Nhn tc thin c phc i, tc c c ng tiu. Nhn gia tc c nht t
hi qu, th c k qu nht tiu. Nhn gia tc thin nht d t nim hoan h,
th c c phc i.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Tch gi, Pht ti thi k quc trung
hu nhn ngt v th tc nhi th lin hoa tr thng Pht. Pht tc co ch t
kheo ngn, th ngt th tc nhi khc hu cu thp nht kip bt phc a
nhp N-L trung, sc sanh b l o trung, c sanh Thin thng; Thin
thng th chung phc hon tc nhn; th c, ng tri nhn tc tiu thin c
phc i. Tc c, k nhn t hi qu nht tiu dit nhi tn, th c ng tri
nhn tc qu k ng tiu.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin tai!'' Vng phc vn NaTin: ''Tr gi tc c, ngu nhn tc c, th lng nhn ng cu, thy c a
gi?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Ngu nhn tc c c ng i; tr nhn tc c c
ng tiu.'' Vng ngn: ''Bt nh Na-tin ngn.'' Vng ngn: ''Ng quc
tr php, i thn hu qu tc ti chi trng; ngu dn hu qu tc ti chi
khinh; th c tr gi tc c c ng i, ngu gi tc c c ng tiu.'' NaTin vn Vng: ''Th nh thiu thit ti i nht nhn tri vi thiu thit, nht
nhn bt tri; lng nhn cu tin th thiu thit, thy ln th i gi gia?''
Vng ngn: ''Bt tri gi ln th i.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Ngu gi tc c bt
nng t hi, c k ng i. Tr gi tc c tri bt ng s vi nht t hi
qu, c k ng tiu.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin tai!'' Vng phc vn Na-Tin: ''
Nhn hu nng tr th thn phi hnh thng ch tht Phm Thin thng
cp ch Ut-thin- vit i cp s dc ch x gi bt?'' Na-Tin ngn:
''Nng.'' Vng ngn: ''Ni h tr th thn thng tht Phm Thin cp
Ut-thin-vit i cp s dc ch x h?'' Na-Tin vn Vng: ''Vng ninh
t nim thiu tiu thi khiu h nht trng i bt?'' Vng ngn: ''Ng
nin thiu thi nim dc khiu tin khiu nht trng d i gia.'' Na-Tin
ngn: ''c o chi nhn dc khiu ch tht Phm Thin thng cp ch
Ut-thin-vit i gi dic nh.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin tai!'' Vng phc vn
Na-Tin: ''Khanh to ch sa-mn ngn, hu ct trng t thin l, h ng
thn ct ni trng t thin l?'' Na-Tin vn: ''Vng tng vn i hi trung
hu i ng danh cht thn trng nh vn bt thin l gi bt?'' Vng
ngn: ''Nhin, hu c, ng tng vn chi.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nh th nh vn
bt thin l ng k hip ct trng t thin l.'' Vng qui chi, vi Vng
phc vn Na-Tin: ''Khanh to ch sa-mn thuyt ngn, ng nng on
suyn tc chi s.'' Vng ngn: ''Ni h on suyn tc kh gia?'' Na-Tin

vn Vng: ''Ninh tng vn ch bt?'' Vng ngn: ''Ng vn chi.'' Na-Tin


ngn: ''Vng d vi ch ti nhn thn trung gia?'' Vng ngn: ''Ng d vi ch
ti nhn thn trung.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Vng d vi ngu nhn bt nng ch k
thn khu gi bt nng tr kinh gii gi, nh th to nhn dic bt lc k
thn.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''K hc o nhn nng ch thn khu, nng tr kinh
gii, nng nht k tm c T Thin tin nng bt phc suyn tc nh.''
Vng ngn: ''Thin tai!'' Vng vn Na-Tin: ''Vi h ngn hi hi vi th
thy danh vi hi gia? Dng tha s c ngn hi gia?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhn s
d h vi hi gi thy d c tham cc bn, th c vi hi nh.'' Vng phc vn
Na-Tin: ''H d c hi tt hm nh c v?'' Na-Tin ngn: ''S d hi thy
hm gi m sc d lai cu vin cp ng bit trng a cng thanh tin thy
trung, th c linh hm nh.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin tai!''. Vng phc vn NaTin: "Nhn c o d ninh nng tt t duy thm o chng s bt?'' Na-Tin
ngn: ''Nhin, nhn c o d nng tt t duy thm o chi s.'' Na-Tin
ngn: ''Pht kinh ti thm o chi chng s bt kh xng lng; chng s giai
tr bnh on chi.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin tai!'' Vng phc vn Na-Tin:
''Nhn thn, tr, t nhin th tam s ninh ng cc d?'' Na-Tin ngn:
''Nhn thn gi ch gic, tr gi hiu o, t nhin gi, h khng v hu
nhn.'' Vng phc vn Na-Tin ngn: ''c nhn h ng vi c nhn gi.
Nhn th sc, nh thnh thanh, t vn hng, khu tri v, thn tri th nhuyn,
ch tri thin c chi s, h s vi c nhn gi?'' Na-Tin vn Vng: ''Nh
linh nhn nng mc t th thot ng t kh chi, th ninh qung vin bt, lit
i k nh thnh thanh ninh qung vin bt, quyt t linh i k vn hng
ninh a bt, khai khu linh i tri v ninh a bt, bc ct c phu linh tn tri
th nhuyn bt, bt kh k ch thnh nim ninh a bt?'' Vng ngn: ''Bt
d.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Pht ti s tc thm nan, Pht to s tri thm diu.''
Vng phc vn Na-Tin: ''S tc h ng thm nan, h ng thm diu?''
Na-Tin ngn: ''Pht ngn nng tri nhn phc trung mc s kin s tt nng
gii chi; nng gii mc s nng gii nh s, nng gii t s, nng gii khu
s, nng gii thn s, nng gii bi s, nng gii nghi s, nng gii s nim
s, nng gii thn s.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Nhn th hi thy hm chi ninh nng
bit tri khu trung thy th tuyn thy, th k lu thy, th k h thy?''
Vng ngn: ''Chng thy giai hip vi nht, nan cc bit tri.'' Na-Tin ngn:
''Pht s tc vi nan giai nng bit tri th ch thy v, kim hi thy kin mc
tin chi s Vng thng bt nng bit tri, kim nhn thn bt kin nhn thn
trung hu lc s bt kh kin.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''Th c, Pht gii chi tng
tm nim ch mc s kin, tng tm nim ch nh s thnh, tng tm nim ch
t s khu, tng tm nim ch khu tri v, tng tm nim ch thn tri kh lc
hn n, th kin, tng tm nim hu s hng, Pht tt tri, phn bit gii
chi.'' Vng ngn: ''Thin tai!''

Na-Tin ngn: ''D d bn, ng dc kh.'' Vng tc sc bng thn th t


oan ip b n tr ma du trung tr d vi c, ng tng Na-Tin qui cung,
s Na-Tin nh s ng thn. Bng thn giai ngn: ''Th gio.'' Vng ngn:
''c s nh Na-Tin, tc t nh ng, kh c o tt.'' Vng ch s vn
Na-Tin trip s s p chi. Vng i hoan h. Vng tc xut trung tng
ho y trc thp vn d thng Na-Tin. Vng ng Na-Tin: ''Tng kim d
kh, nguyn Na-Tin nht d bt b sa-mn cng cung trung phn thc,
cp dc s c giai tng Vng th chi.'' Na-Tin bo Vng: ''Ng vi o
nhn lc v s dc.'' Vng ngn: ''Na-Tin ng t h, dic ng h
ng thn.'' Na-Tin ngn: ''H ng ng t h cp h Vng thn?''
Vng bo ngn: ''Khng nhn lun ngh h Vng vi khan, Na-Tin v
Vng gii ch h nghi nhi bt nng t d; khng hoc nhn ngn Na-Tin
bt nng gii Vng h nghi c Vng bt thng t.'' Vng ngn: ''NaTin th gi ng linh ng c k phc, Na-Tin dic ng h k danh.''
Vng ngn: ''Th nh s t ti kim hm trung do vi cu b thng hu dc
vng kh, kim ng tuy vi quc-vng ti cung tnh trung k bt lc dc
kh quc kh nhi hnh hc o.'' Vng ng cnh, Na-Tin tin khi qui
Pht t.
Na-Tin thch kh, Vng thit t nim, ng vn Na-Tin vi h ng s, NaTin vi gii ng h ng s. Vng t nim, ng s vn Na-Tin mc bt
gii ng gi.
Na-Tin qui Pht t dic t nim Vng vn ng h ng s, ng dic bo
Vng h ng s. Na-Tin t nim, Vng s vn gi, ng dic tt vi gii
chi. Nim th s ch thin minh.
Minh nht, Na-Tin b c-sa tr bt trc nhp cung thng in ta. Vng
tin v Na-Tin tc l d, cp khc to. Vng bch Na-Tin: ''Na-Tin
thch kh, ng t nim, vn Na-Tin h ng ng; Na-Tin bo ng h ng
ng, ng phc t nim s vn Na-Tin, Na-Tin mc bt gii ng gi, ng
nim th ng hoan h an nga ch minh. Na-Tin ngn: ''Ng hnh qui x
dic t nim, Vng vi vn ng h ng s, ng dic v Vng thuyt h
ng s, ng phc t nim, Vng s vn ng trip vi gii chi. Dng th c
hoan h ch minh.
Ng cnh, Na-Tin dc kh. Vng tin khi v Na-Tin tc l.
(Na-Tin T-kheo Kinh - Quyn H)
***

Co li:
Bn Phin-m ny cn thiu chuyn dch ra ting Hn-Vit, c nh du ( ).
Thin Nht chn-thnh t li v knh mong c Qu V cao-minh, tinh
thng Hn-hc ch dy thm.
Trn-trng,
Thin Nht
HT

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