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NOTA RINGKAS SCIENCE PMR

CIKGU ZAIDI SMK DATO` AHMAD MAHER ZAIDI-SMK

mohdzaidi@maher.my

tambah, cik ikgu Nota ringkas ini bukanlah siap sepenuhnya. Jika ada tokok tambah, sila emailkan kepada cikgu dan ikgu science ini. cikgu akan masukkan ke dalam nota ringkas `science PMR ini. Semoga semua pelajar MAHER dapat PMR A dalam Sains PMR dan `straight A in PMR NOTA RINGKAS & tip exam `SCIENCE PMR 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Apa yang ditanya, JAWAPAN ada dalam soalan. (baca betul betul apa soalan nak) pa ditanya, betul-betul Baca soalan dan fikirkan soalan itu dibawah tajuk APA? Pemahaman kertas 2 emahaman i. label ii. fungsi mesti tulis nama dulu baru fungsi .. External caliper internal caliper = ex in/2 = thickness ex-in/2 Different/beza mesti tulis apa beza kedua dua alat/experiment/observation .. kedua-dua Observation jangan senaraikan yg negative (bukan, tidak), yg tak Nampak, yg tak dpt dirasai Unicellular amoeba, paramecium, euglena, yeast, chlamydomonas, plurococus paramecium, chlamydomonas, Multicellular fish, rabbit, hydra, bird, fern, mucor, spirogyra, moss , CELL
Cell Animal
CHEEK CELL SALAH

Plant Onion cell salah

Part Cell membrane Nucleus ucleus Cytoplasm ytoplasm Cell wall Chloroplast hloroplast Vacuole acuole Nucleus ucleus Cell membrane

Function Control substance in/out of the cell. Control all activities in the cell. Place chemical process occur. Jelly like substance contain nutrient. Jelly-like To protect, maintain shape Contain chlorophyll Contain cell sap & excretory product

10.

11.
a. b.

C.T.O.S ? simple S.O Matter


Has mass Occupies space

complex (cell, tissue, organ, system, organization)

12.
13. a. b. c.

Matter state solid, liquid, gaseous


Experiment - Arrange of particles Blue copper (ii) sulphate diffuse into gel show the solid gel are arrange close together. Purple Potassium permanganate crystal diffuse i to water .. fairly close together into Reddish-brown Reddish brown bromine gas diffuses quickly into air loosely arranged

14. 15.

K-Melting, L-boiling, L-evaporatio P,N-sublimation absorb heat Melting, boiling, evaporation, sublimation M-Condensation, J-freezing, release heat Condensation, J

16.
17.

18. 19. 20. 21. 22.

Density = Mass/volume formula seg segitiga spt V.I.R, P.V.I.{Power (watt)=Voltage (V ) x Current (A)} lihat no 94 , )} Denser sink & Less denser float (liquid or solid) Resources element, compound, mixtures. Element one type of particles (metal & non non-metal) Metal heat expand, particles vibrate faster, space between particles increase expand, SOLID LIQUID
Absorb heat

GASES

GASES

LIQUID

SOLID

absorb heat

release heat

release heat

Element 3 state (solid, liquid, gaseous)

NOTA RINGKAS SCIENCE PMR

CIKGU ZAIDI SMK DATO` AHMAD MAHER ZAIDI-SMK

mohdzaidi@maher.my

23. 24.
a. b. c.

25.

Kinetic energy (min) , potential energy (max) & kinetic energy (max), potential energy (min) Compound two or more type of particles, chemically combined H2O water (hydrogen + oxygen) hydrogen CO2 carbon dioxide (carbon + oxygen) HN3 Ammonia (hydrogen + nitrogen) Compound can be separated electricity (chemically process) called electrolysis : copper + chlorine
element element Compound electrolysis

Copper chloride -----------------26. 27.

Mixture - more two type of particles, physically combined Separating mixture sifting (tapis sieve-ayak). Magnetic, distillation, filtration, decantation, tapis, ayak). decantation, separating funnel, evaporation & sublimation (iodine, naphthalene) naphthalene). Black/dull good absorber Luar
Increase

28.

+ -

good radiator (pemancar cahaya) pemancar Dalam alam


Decrease ecrease

Sumber haba Reading of thermometer

HITAM

29.

30.

31. 32. 33.

Variable a. Keep constant/fix/control constant/fix/control malar/disamakan keep the same b. manipulated manipulasi / berubah changed (yg diubah) c. responding variable hasil akhir experiment /yg nak dicari/diukur measured Metal Properties NNON METAL properties NON a. Shiny/hard dull surface b. Malleable shaped/bent/pull /bent/pull non-malleable c. Ductile dawai not ductile d. Very Hard -Solid (except mercury) e. High melting point (except mercury) f. Good conductor of heat g. Good conductor of electricity h. Density high low density Resources S, W, A, M, L.T, Fossil fuel coal, natural gas, petroleum Solubility size of solute, stirring, temperature of solvent, volume of solute DIFFERENT a. sodium bicarbonate supply CO2 b. sodium hydroxide solution absorb CO2 - very soluble c. hydrogen carbonate indicator test presence of CO2 (red to yellow - acid) lihat SPS rokok red d. bicarbonate indicator test presence of CO2 (red to yellow - acid) red e. blue litmus solution test presence of CO2 (blue to red- acid) lihat text book form 3 blue f. anhydrous calcium chloride absorb water vapour g. acidified potassium manganate (VII) test presence of sulphur dioxide purple to colourless (acid
gas lime water pun boleh guna)

h. i. j. k. l.

acidified potassium dichromate (VII) to test sulphur dioxide ora orange to green potassium manganate crystal (VII) supply oxygen chp 6 F3 dilute hydrochloric acid stomach - kill bacteria in food dilute sulphuric acid electrolysis - more conductivity distillation kill microorganism in water remove suspended substances & dissolves substances

NOTA RINGKAS SCIENCE PMR

CIKGU ZAIDI-SMK DATO` AHMAD MAHER

mohdzaidi@maher.my

m. n. o. p. q. r. s. t. 34. 35.

36.

37.

38.

decomposer - bacteria & fungi fungi decompose dead plant bacteria decompose dead animal water displacement method siphon ..? conduction heat flow through solid thumbtacks at the rod fall off C.A.I.B.G. convection - heat flow through liquid or gaseous sea breeze, land breeze (night) radiation - heat flow through light - vacuum condensation - changing gas to liquid - distillation u. sublimation /pemejalwapan (solid changes directly into gas without melting first and vise versa) ex iodine crystal change to purple iodine vapour when heated Pipette measure fixed/specific volume 10cm3, 25cm3, 50cm3 Burette measure accurate 0.1cm3 REPLACE sodium hydroxide solution potassium hydroxide solution (absorb CO2) - Benedict Fehling solution (test presence of glucose) & Egg white albumen a. Sensitivity of skin - Thickness of the epidermis b. number of receptor Jus gaster a. dilute hydrochloric acid kill bacteria in food b. enzyme i. renim coagulate milk liquid milk solid milk ii. pepsin digests protein peptone Deficiency a. Vitamin C scurvy bleeding gum A.D.E.K. - vitamin soluble in fat B.C. - vitamin soluble in water b. Vitamin D rickets (weak bones) c. Iron anaemia (pucat) d. Protein kwashiorkor stunted growth e. Fiber/H2O constipation VERSE a. Weight (Newton) vs mass (Kg) b. short-sightedness vs long-sightedness figure beza short/long c. monocular vision vs stereoscopic vision (kebaikan pada monocular kelemahan pada stereoscopic dan sebaliknya) d. warm blooded vs cold blooded warm body temperature remain constant/not change with surrounding temperature e. hydrotropism, phototropism, geotropism, thigmotropism. move toward stimuli, nastic movement move away f. exhalation vs inhalation ) ingat (Thoracic Cavity berhubung songsang dgn air pressure): inhale TC increase, AP decrease
raTA TArik - diaphgram

g. h. i. j.

k. l. 39. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i.

acid vs alkali (ingat pH atau masam/pahit) evaporation vs boiling (temperature, whole/only surface .) melting vs dilute (lebur & cair) kehidupan harian heat vs temperature i. heat is energy ii. temperature is the degree of hotness or coldness incident ray vs reflected ray .. cara kira sudut mesti dari Normal line hydrochloric acid vs dilute sulphuric acid FACTOR Short-sightedness & Long-sightedness 2 factors eye ball is too long/short, eye lens is too thick/thin balance diet 5evaporation 3 wind, surface area, temperature air pressure 3buoyancy of water ability to move/float in water Stability 4 centre of gravity, base area . Exchange of gases efficient in alveolus 3 thin, many blood capillary, . Diffusion end product of digestion (villi) Lung damage 3

NOTA RINGKAS SCIENCE PMR

CIKGU ZAIDI-SMK DATO` AHMAD MAHER

mohdzaidi@maher.my

40.

41.

42.

43.

44. 45. 46.

j. Transpiration 5 light, temperature, humidity, air movement, surface area k. Magnitude of force nature (rougher), weight. Except size of surface contact (base area contact) can measure using S.B. SAME NAME a. 3 bones ossicles hammer, anvil, stirrup b. Water water vapour c. SAME FUNCTION a. Bennedict Fehling test presence of glucose b. Albumen egg white protein TAKE CARE a. Combustion carbon + oxygen ----- CO2 + heat energy + light energy Hydrocarbon/alcohol - CO2 + water + heat + light energy b. Lime juice air limau acid litmus paper blue to red c. Lime water air kapur alkali- (calcium hydroxide solution pH 12.5) d. Yellow spot . Blind spot - . e. Aquous humour .. Vitreous humuor . f. Convex lens .. Concave lens . g. Pupil control light entering the eye (anak mata) Iris - control size of pupil (mata hitam luar) Platypus mammal salamander - . Shark - . h. i. Prey predator betul, predator-prey salah j. Lever .. Kelas 1 salah . JUST KIDDING a. Semi circular canal not involve in hearing to balance body to balance both side of the ear/AIR PRESSURE b. Eusthian tube not involve in hearing c. Liver produce bile stored at gall bladder d. Pancreas produce 3 type of enzyme (Protease, Amylase, Lipase) AIR PRESSURE H.P. to L.P. INTERACTION symbiosis (commensalism, mutualism, parasitism), prey-predator, competition Commensalism bird`s nest fern-tree, remora-shark, mutualism sea anemone-hermit crab, nitrogen fixing bacteria-leguminous plant CHARACTERISTICS a. Image form in the retina 3 b. Tropism move towards stimuli c. First class, second class, third class lever `F.L.E. (Jika tulis Kelas 1 salah)
Resovoir coagulation (alum/slake lime) mixing tank (cleanest) Rain water spring w well w river w sedimentation filtration pond w sea w (dirtiest) chlorination storage supply

47. 48.

49.

TEST a. Test acid

1. litmus paper
2. pH paper 3. universal indicator b. Test alkali 1. litmus paper 2. pH paper 3. universal indicator

bas merah
07 14

07

14

c. Test glucose Benedict solution brick red precipitate - HEAT d. Test protein Millon`s reagent brick red precipitate - HEAT e. Test starch iodine solution dark blue f. Test fat alcohol/ethanol/filter paper milky mixture/emulsion/translucent spot g. Test water cobalt chloride paper blue to pink

NOTA RINGKAS SCIENCE PMR

CIKGU ZAIDI-SMK DATO` AHMAD MAHER

mohdzaidi@maher.my

50. a. b. c. d. 51.
b. c. d. e. f.

Test presence of starch in the leaf Boil leaf Boil in alcohol/ethanol Place in hot water Iodine PURPOSE

to kill/break the cell wall to remove chlorophyll soften the leaf to test starch

a. 370 C

- human body temperature Visking tube Chlorine kill microorganism in water dilute hydrochloric acid kill bacteria in food Chloride prevent tooth decay Lime reduce acidic Alum (aluminum Sulphate)/slaked lime coagulate the suspended particles

g. Anhydrous Cobalt chloride paper blue to pink - to test presence of water h. Phenolphthalein indicator - (pink to pale pink ) to test presence of water? During neutralization process tak perlu hafal i. universal indicator purple to yellowish green neutral - to test presence of water j. anhydrous copper sulphate white to blue - - to test presence of water (transpiration) k. universal indicator green to yellow acid 52. Indicator Name of indicator Acid Neutral Alkali Litmus paper Red Purple Blue
Phenolphthalein methyl Orange Colourless Pink Merah jambu pucat/Pale Pink Orange Merah jambu/pink Yellow

Universal indicator

Red/pink/orange/yellow

Yellowish Green

Bluish purple/purple

Phenolphthalein & methyl orange tidak termasuk dlm sukatan pelajaran tak perlu hafal

53.

Neutralisation Process, Titration Method a. acid + Alkali = nama baru (alkali + acid) + water (salty) b. hydrochloric acid + Sodium hydroxide = . universal indicator (purple to green) pH 7, salty
c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. Hydrochloric acid + potassium hydroxide = .. Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide = Hydrochloric acid + calcium hydroxide = Hydrochloric acid + ammonian hydroxide = Sulphuric acid + ammonium hydroxide = Sulphuric acid + potassium hydroxide = Sulphuric acid + sodium hydroxide = .. Nitric acid + calcium hydroxide = Nitric acid + sodium hydroxide = .

Supply Carbon Dioxide a. Potassium bicarbonate b. Sodium bicarbonate 55. Absorb carbon dioxide a. Potassium hydroxide solution b. Sodium hydroxide solution experiment photosynthesis 56. To detect carbon dioxide a. Bicarbonate indicator (red to yellow) b. Lime water (turns cloudy) calcium carbonate c. Sodium hydroxide solution ( S H S rises to fill up to the test tube) - very dissolves in CO2 d. Burning Wooden splinter goes out/burns out e. Level of water rises up sama spt oxygen f. Hydrogen carbonate indicator red to yellow acid g. Litmus paper (blue to red) acid h. Alkaline pyrogallol solution not dissolve in CO2 (O2 very dissolve) Tumpang sekaki. i. Chlorophyll to absorb light energy

54.

NOTA RINGKAS SCIENCE PMR

CIKGU ZAIDI-SMK DATO` AHMAD MAHER

mohdzaidi@maher.my

j. Photosynthesis light energy - chemical energy k. Rat 1 : owl 2 competition, rat 1 : owl 1 prey-predator/biological control 57. Solution dilute, concentrated, saturated 58. Electrolysis of water terminal Panjang Positive - Oxygen Anode terminal pendek hydrogen dilute sulphuric acid .. to more conduct electricity electrolysis to break down molecule of water (water consist two atom hydrogen & one atom oxy) distillation remove suspended substances & dissolves substances. 59. to absorb water vapour a. calcium chloride crystals/pellets - drying agents b. silica gel - drying agents dlm kasut c. Test water cobalt chloride paper blue to pink d. Anhydrous calcium chloride kristal e. Anhydrous copper sulphate white blue a. b. c. d. e. f. 60. a. b. c. d. e. 61. Anhydrous Cobalt chloride paper blue BLOOD CIRCULATION Salur darah - VC-PA-A-PV Artery-blood out of the heart, HP, lumen-small, vein blood into heart, LP, lumen-large Valve tv, sv, sv, bv. H L H pulmonary circulation H-ALL-H systemic circulation Excretory Aorta -- renal artery -Artery

to

pink

kidneys --

renal vein
vena cava

(orang normal/kidney failure dialysis sama shj)

62.

To test presence of a. Oxygen i. Glowing wooden splinter burst into flame ii. Burning wooden splinter more burning /brighter b. Carbon dioxide lime water chalky dan banyak lagi .. di no 49 c. Sulphur dioxide i. Acidified potassium manganate VII purple to colourless ii. .. . Ingat tak satu lagi dichromate d. Water i. Anhydrous copper sulphate white -

ignite

blue

ii. Anhydrous Cobalt chloride paper e. Hydrogen i. Burning wooden splinter 1.Lime stone/marble 2.Quick lime 3.Slaked lime 4.Lime water

blue -

to

pink

it produce `pop sound


Calcium, carbon, oxygen Calcium, oxygen Calcium, oxygen, hydrogen Calcium, oxygen, hydrogen

Calcium carbonate Calcium oxide Solid calcium hydroxide Calcium hydroxide solution

63.

Properties of Calcium Carbonates (Calcium, carbon, oxygen) a. Calcium carbonate not dissolve in water b. Reaction with acid i. Calcium carbonate + hydrochloric acid ----- calcium chloride + water + CO2

NOTA RINGKAS SCIENCE PMR

CIKGU ZAIDI-SMK DATO` AHMAD MAHER

mohdzaidi@maher.my

ii. Calcium Carbonate + dilute sulphuric acid Calcium Sulphate + water + CO2 iii. Calcium Carbonate + nitric acid Calcium Nitrate + water + CO2 c. Effect of heat (will decompose) Calcium carbonate ---------heat--- calcium oxide + CO2 (Lime stone) (quick lime) kapur tohor Batu kapur + Water = calcium hydroxide (slaked lime) kapur mati + More water = calcium hydroxide solution (lime water) air kapur
The effect of heat on carbonates (carbon dioxide is released) Turn lime water milky Extinguished burning splinter Changes red bicarbonate indicator to yellow Converts orange acidic dichromate (VI) to green. potassium The effect of heat on some mineral The effect of heat on oxides (oxygen is released) The glowing splinter will burn brightly The effect of heat on sulphides (sulphur dioxide is released) Bleaches acidic purple potassium manganate (VII) colourless

64.

Tindak balas a. Acid + metal hydrogen (pop sound) b. Acid + carbonated carbon dioxide (turn lime water cloudy/chalky) c. Water + CO2 ---------chlorophyll/sunlight--------------- O2 + glucose 65. Moth`s Scale
Moths scale Talc (softest) Gypsum Calcite Fluorite Apatite Feldspar Quartz Topaz Corundum Diamond (hardnest) hardness value 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Clue Tarzan George Can Force A Fat Queen To Carry Diamond

66. 67.

Solubility in water except potassium & sodium Effect of heat a. Metal carbonate i. Except potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate ii. CO2 lime water cloudy b. Metal oxide i. Except mercury oxide, argentums oxide ii. O2 ignites glowing wooden splinter c. Metal sulphide i. Sulphur dioxide acidic potassium manganate (VII) purple to colourless
acidic potassium dichromate (VII) orange to green.

68.

Metal React with O2 M.A.Z.I. a. Iron + O2 ------heat------- iron oxide

NOTA RINGKAS SCIENCE PMR

CIKGU ZAIDI-SMK DATO` AHMAD MAHER

mohdzaidi@maher.my

b. Zinc + O2 -----heat--- zinc oxide c. Copper + O2 -----heat--d. Lead + O2 -----heat--69. Metal React with sulphur M.A.Z.I. a. Metal + sulphur -----heat---- metal sulphide b. Copper + sulphur -----heat--c. Lead + sulphur -----heat--70. Silica silicon + O2 ------------heat----- silicon dioxide or silica a. Properties i. Does not break down when heat ii. Does not react with dilute acid iii. Insoluble in water 71. Blood i. O universal donor for leukemia, haemophilia ii. AB universal recipient iii. Transfusion process transferring blood iv. Agglutination two incompatible group lead to dead v. Sodium citrate prevent blood from coagulating Blood group CAN DONOR Blood group CAN RECEIVE Blood group A, B, AB, O O O A, AB A A, O B, AB B B, O AB AB A, B, AB, O 72. Transpiration - Function stomata (guard + stoma) i. Release oxygen photosynthesis ii. Release water transpiration iii. Release Carbon dioxide - respiration 73. Phloem outer food - lack swollen died (bahagian bawah) 74. Xylem mineral salt & water 75. To measure a. VIR series IT = I1 = I2 & parallel VT = V1 = V2 b. Current Ammeter c. Voltage Voltmeter d. galvanometer (to detect current) e. Transpiration photometer f. Air pressure barrow meter g. Length opisometer h. Irregular shape water displacement method i. Temperature thermometer j. Weight spring balance, compression b k. Mass bb, lb, cb 76. Excretion - kidney - ureter - urinary bladder - urethra 77. Electromagnet a. Right hand grip rule ibu jari arah current flow + - jari lain magnetic field (electron flow - +) b. Direction magnetic field N S 78. Solenoid increased strength magnetic field 1&2. Increase turn wire/electric current 3. Decreasing diameter of solenoid 79. REPRODUCTION a. Sexual human, frog, rabbit b. Asexual

NOTA RINGKAS SCIENCE PMR

CIKGU ZAIDI-SMK DATO` AHMAD MAHER

mohdzaidi@maher.my

80.
a.

b. c. d. 81. a. b.
c.

d. 82. 83. 84. 85. a. b. c. d. e.

86. a. b. 87.

binary fission amoeba, paramecium, euglena budding hydra, tape worm, yeast spore formation mould, mosses, fern vegetative galangal, sweet potato, strawberry, onion, yam, banana (rhizome, tuber, runner, bulb, corm, & sucker) regeneration flat worm, starfish PHASE IN MENSTRUAL 1-5 days menstruation phase ovum & blood cell are discharged 6-11 days repair phase the lining of the uterus thickens 12-16 days fertile phase ovulation/bertelur (days 14 menjadi) 17-28 days pre menstrual phase the uterine wall thick & rich with blood vessels. Prepared implantation CONCEPT in reproduction Menstruation blood discharge Ovulation process releasing ovum form the ovary Fertilization process of fusion between the nucleus of sperm & an ovum in the fallopian tube Implantation process embryo sticking to the uterine wall Zygote embryo fetus baby infancy childhood adolescence adulthood old age HUMAN GROWTH rapid slow rapid minimal negative Between 12-14 the growth girl exceed boy (a girl reaches puberty earlier than a boy) PLANT Anther + filament = stamen = male reproductive luar sekeliling pistil Style + ovary + stigma + ovule = pistil = female reproductive dalam Ovule (in) -- seed , ovary (out) --- fruit Pollination the transfer of pollen grain from an anther to a stigma Advantage cross pollination i. Short ripening period ii. More resistant against disease iii. Quantity increase iv. More variety GROWTH PLANT

Radical root
Plumule Pucuk /shoot
cotyledon is pulled above long bean cotyledon is pulled underground maize

Type of germination a. Epigeal germination b. Hypegeal germination

88.

Condition needed germination a. Water b. Suitable temperature c. Air (oxygen) ORGAN VEGETATIVE a. Leaf setawar b. Root tuber (sweet potato, carrot) c. Stem i. Bulb onion ii. Corm yam iii. Rhizome ginger iv. Runner strawberry v. Sucker banana

89.

NOTA RINGKAS SCIENCE PMR

CIKGU ZAIDI-SMK DATO` AHMAD MAHER

mohdzaidi@maher.my

vi. tuber 90.

sweet potato

FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION
Petroleum fraction Petroleum gas Petrol (gasoline) Naphtha Kerosene Diesel oil Lubricating oil Fuel oil Wax Bitumen Uses to make plastic and cooking oil for motor vehicles and machine making plastic and PVC for jet aircraft and rocket for diesel engine for engine and machine for ship and electric generators to make polish, candle to seal road surface Clue Girl Pondan Nak Kahwin Dengan Lelaki Fantasi Beb

Fuel Fuel Fuel Fuel Fuel Fuel Fuel Fuel Fuel

91.

STEP IN INVESTIGATION:
Identified the problem Making hypothesis Planning an experiment Control variable Collect data Analyzing and interpret data Making conclusion Write a report Ingat Mu Pelakon Comel Cantik Aku Minat Weh

Nota: dulu carry, control

92. 93.

Living thing (ANIMAL & PLANT) uses O2 and give out CO2 during respiration

Hypothesis a. The the MV, the the RV b. As MV increase, RV increase c. When MV increase, RV increase d. If MV increase, RV decrease i. INGAT JIKA RV duludiikuti. MV.. SALAH
1. Contoh: jika masa meningkat, suhu meningkat betul 2. Contoh: jika suhu meningkat masa meningkat .. salah PMR 07

94.

Responding Variable depend/influenced Manipulated Variable a. Lihat pada graf paksi menegak RV, paksi mendatar MV

Inference

95.

Define operationally mesti tulis soalan semula + ialah bacaan .. seperti mana yang ditunjukkan oleh gambarajah .
Contoh PMR 09: `Combustion ialah masa lilin untuk padam seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh bacaan .. Contoh PMR 08: `the rate of transpiration is the position/reading of the air bubble. Tiada alat ditunjukkan Contoh: trial PMR 2010 _____`tekanan udara ialah bacaan tolok tekanan_____ ______`air pressure is shown by the reading of pressure gauge____

Fikirkan sejenak:

`Define operationally + RV + alat apa

NOTA RINGKAS SCIENCE PMR

CIKGU ZAIDI-SMK DATO` AHMAD MAHER

mohdzaidi@maher.my

96.

GRAF a. garis mesti satu sahaja. Tidak boleh sambung-menyambung b. kalau data diberi/ada nilai `0, maka graf mesti mula dgn nilai `0 c. Jika data tidak diberi/tiada nilai `0, maka graf jangan mula dgn nilai `0

d. Biasanya :
i. paksi menegak/y ii. paksi mendatar/x iii. kalau jadual Manipulated Variable Responding Variable responding variable manipulated variable

e. Graf graf garis/line f. Graph bar graf bar g. Graph line graf line 97. EQUATION a. Respiration i. Glucose + oxygen ------- water + CO2 + energy b. Burning i. Fuel + oxygen ---- fuel burns + heat + light c. Fuel i. Carbon + oxygen -- CO2 + heat + light ii. Hydrocarbon + oxygen -- CO2 + water + heat + light iii. Alcohol + oxygen -- CO2 + water + heat + light

ex: charcoal, coal ex: candle, petrol ex: ethanol

d. Calcium carbonate + hydrochloric acid ----- calcium chloride + water + CO2 Photosynthesis water + energy + CO2 ----(light + chlorophyll)- food + Oxy f. Burning food Sugar + oxygen ---burnt- water + Co2 + heat energy g. Neutralization 98. Common characteristics (sangat banyak) a. WAY/type of Reproduction i. sexual reproduction ii. asexual reproduction b. type of asexual i. binary fission bacteria, amoeba, algae, paramecium ii. budding hydra, yeast iii. spore formation mould, moss, fungus iv. vegetative bryophyllum, onion, tapioca v. rejuvenation starfish, planarian, flatworm c. Type of vegetative reproduction i. Rhizome ginger, lalang ii. Tuber potato iii. Runner grass, strawberry iv. Corm yam v. Leaf bryophyllum vi. Stem tapioca, sugarcane vii. Bulb onion viii. Sucker banana, bamboo
e.

NOTA RINGKAS SCIENCE PMR

CIKGU ZAIDI-SMK DATO` AHMAD MAHER

mohdzaidi@maher.my

d. type of fertilization i. internal fertilization ii. external fertilization e. long filament f. big anther g. small petal h. featherly stigma i. stigma and anther are hung outside the flower/petal j. support system in plant i. water turgidity (turgor pressure balsam plant) ii. woody tissue iii. buoyancy of water iv. air sacs water hyacinth, lotus v. buttress root - durian vi. stilt root - mangrove vii. thorn viii. tendrils cucumber ix. prop root maize x. clasping root orchid, pepper morning glory, long bean xi. twining k. type of skeleton endoskeleton, exoskeleton, hydrostatic skeleton l. flowering & non-flowering 99. Work done 1 kg = 10 N i. Mass + load x height naik tangga ii. Mass + load x distance dirinya & bawa barang ke depan punggah barang iii. force x distance Power (watt) = work done (Joule) / time taken (s) 100. P.V.I. - {Power (watt)=Voltage (V ) x Current (A)}, tukarkan utk I = P/V bagi electrical appliance 101. Electrical Energy (kWh) = power (kW) x time (h) utk kira bil elektrik x harga perunit 102. Jika 2.5A current, maka fius mesti lebih besar cth 3.0A 103. Fuse function prevents the appliances or the live wire from burning 104. Fuse melts breaks the circuit a. FUNCTION i. prevent excessive current ii. Protect an electric circuit against excessive current

SELAMAT BERJAYA DALAM PMR ..

usaha, doa, tawakkal

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