Mch in t vui KTCN 11

ST : Hunh Quc Lm

BO SU TAP CAC MACH IEN T VUI TREN MANG

Ngi ST : Huynh Quoc Lam

1. Mch pht FM 1 transistor n gin

1.Hot ng : Mch in dng lm micro khng dy n gin ,tm pht xa khong 7m. C535 dao ng to sng mang tn hiu t mic in dung a vo lm thay i in dung BE ca transisto lm tn s sng mang thay i qua antenna pht x ra ngoi . Bn iu chnh C20p cho tn s pht nh mong mun (Trong di FM ) . Antena dng mt on dy nhiu li di 75cm. cc cun dy L1,L2,L3 qun nh sau:

Chi tit L1 s vng 6 ng knh vng 3mm c dy 0,61

L2 5 5,5mm 0,61

L3 2 5,5mm 0,61

2. Linh kin: Micro l loi in dung Transistor C535 hoc bt k transistor NPN cao tn no 2. Ngun in : l 2 vin pin AA 1,5V

2. Mch hn gi n gin
* S nguyn l:

Page 1 of 40

Mch in t vui KTCN 11

ST : Hunh Quc Lm

* Hot ng :
Hin nay a s nhng chic qut bn trn th trng u s dng mch hn gi bng c kh nn bn khng cao, thi gian hn gi ngn ,ng thi khi hot ng th pht ra nhng ting ku rt kh chu ! ch cn bn b cht thi gi lp mch in n gin ny ny bn s thy n hn hn ci cng tc hn gi bng c kh kia .ch cn bn n nt l n hot ng ngay . Nguyn l ca n nh sau : -khi bn n nt start lp tc ngun 12V mt chiu c np cho t in 2200uF ,mt phn dng in c a qua R100K v VR1M n baz ca 2 transitor mc dalington Q1,Q2 lm hai transitor ny dn cp dng cho rle . -Khi bn bung tay ra ,dng in trong t 2200uF tip tc phng ra qua 100K v VR1M duy tr phn cc thn cho 2 transitor ny --->rle vn tip tc ht ng cng tc cho qut - sau mt thi gian t in phng ht in th s duy tr phn cc thun cho transitor khng cn na ---> transistor Q1,Q2 ngt ---> ct dng qua rle - iu chnh VR1M cho thi gian gi rle nh mong mun ,diode mc ngc chng dng in cm ng ca cun dy sinh ra lm hng transitor. Mch in rt d lp , hot ng c ngay ! nu mun c thi gian lu hn th bn thay C 2200uF bng t c in dung 4700uF Chc cc bn thnh cng vi s ny ! # Linh kin: cng tc l loi n nh , rle mt chiu 12V C828X2 ,VR1M, diode 1N4007

3. Mch Mega Bass ***S nguyn l:

** Hot ng: C bao gi bn thng thc hiu qu ca m thanh Mega bass cha? cc k sng ng !. Megabass l chun m thanh ca hng SONY cho hiu qu m trm su v mnh ,m cao sc so du dng ! lm cho ngi nghe nh i lc vo th gii thn tin ca m nhc ! bn hy lp mch in trn v gn vo amplifier ca mnh ,bn s cm thy ci Loa c rch ca mnh t dng d chng hm nay sao ku hay l ! Cng tc K dng tt chc nng Mega bass

4. Mch khuch i cassette

** S nguyn l : ** Hot ng: Vi IC BA 328 gi r bn c th d dng lp cho mnh mt b khuch i cassette. Tn hiu u ra kh ln (c th cm vo headphone nghe hoc a vo Amplifier pht ra loa Thng .Mch in c cn chnh tt v vy bn ch cn

Page 2 of 40

Mch in t vui KTCN 11 ST : Hunh Quc Lm lp ng theo s l mch c th hot ng ngay . Ngun cp cho mch l ngun n 12V.Chc cc bn thnh cng

5.Mch to m thanh siu trm

* S nguyn l: ** Hot ng : Bn bao gi quan st Thng loa ca my tnh cha? Chc l c ri ! Bn s thy N gm c mt Thng loa Chnh v 4 loa v tinh xung quanh. Thng loa chnh c nhim v to ra m trm su v mnh ,nu gh tai vo bn ch nghe c tn s thp m thi nhng nu bn ly tay che n li th ci dn nhc ca bn ku khng khc g ci kn m ma! Trn y l mch in to ra m trm trong thng loa JUMBOY S-3000 mch in kh hay ,bn c th tham kho sa cha hoc lp mi cho nhng ng dng cn c loa siu trm khc ** Linh kin: IC JGC 4558

6.Mch khuch i cng sut siu r * S nguyn l:

* Hot ng :
Vi 6000 ,bn c th c c IC ny .TDA2003 l IC khuch i cng sut ca hng PHILIP Mch in cc k n gin ,rt thch hp cho nhng bn mi "vo ngh". Ngun in cho n phi l ngun i +12V. Bn nh lp gii nhit tt cho IC .Chc cc bn thnh cng ! * Linh kin: IC TDA2030 gi tr cc linh kin khc: nh trong s

7. Kho m s in t
* S nguyn l: ** Hot ng : Page 3 of 40

Mch in t vui KTCN 11 ST : Hunh Quc Lm Nu bn mun cn nh mnh tr nn hin i, hy gn ci kho ny vo ! Ti s dng n hai nm ri (c l hai mi nm vn chy tt ) C nhiu ngi c nh "crack" nhng khng thnh cng .y l mch nguyn l ca n .Khi ch to bn phi thm vo cc mch bo v h ci khi n sai m s ,hay khng cho php d m (s gii thiu sau) nguyn l :CD 4017 l IC m hng c 10 u ra ,ng vi cc xung clock th ln lt cc u ra s c mc cao. ta tn dng tnh nng ny a u ra c mc cao tr v u vo clock theo s m ho bn phm.Khi mi cp in cho mch, IC c reset ,u ra Q0 c mc cao ,lc ny nu n phm s 2 th mc cao ny s c a vo chn clock lm cho IC m hng a u ra Q2 c mc cao,nu tip tc n phm s 0 th Q3 li nhy ln mc cao ...ln lt n cc phm ng s a n Q6 c mc cao kch mch in m kho. Nu bn n sai th iu g xy ra?Nu n sai m s th C828 c phn cc thun thng qua D1 a vo chn reset .IC s tr v trng thi ban u .Tu theo cch sp xp cc diot m bn c cc m s khc nhau .M s ca mch ny l 280858 (y l ngy sinh nht ca m t ! ) .Chc cc bn thnh cng ! ** Linh kin: IC CD4017

Page 4 of 40

Mch in t vui KTCN 11

ST : Hunh Quc Lm

8.Mch np acquy t ng
* S nguyn l: ** Hot ng : y l mach np cquy ht sc c o , ch dng vi linh kin gin n nhng n c tnh nng t ng khng thua km mt b np no khc .Khi c quy y in th mch t ng ct in bo v cquy Dng xoay chiu qua bin p h th to ra 30VAC qua it nn na chu k to ra 15V mt chiu c dng nhp nh (dng np cho cquy c dng xung s lm cho c quy mau y in khi np) dng in c st p qua bng n dy tc 21W (c tc dng nh mt in tr ng thi lm n ch th dng np ) 2N3055 ,1K, Zene 13,5V to thnh mch np t ng khi cquy ht in th in p trn n lun lun <12V (khong 10V) lc UBE ca 2N3055 = 13,5V - 10V = 3,5V transitor dn cp dng np cho acquy khi cquy y in th in p ca n tng cao (khong 13V chng hn ) lc UBE ca 2N3055 = 13,5 - 13 = 0,5 V in p ny khng phn cc cho transitor lm vic ---> transitor ngt ct dng bo v cquy ! bng n c tc dng hn dng v ch th .khi bnh ang np ->bng n sng mnh , khi bnh np y bng n s tt *** Linh kin: tr s linh kin : nh trong s ! nu bn mun np cho cquy 6V th thay zene = 7.5V bn nh gii nhit tt cho Transitor .chc cc bn thnh cng!

9. n c sch vui tnh

* S nguyn l:

** Hot ng : y cng l mt chic n k l khc na ! bn mun n sng ln ? rt n gin ,ch cn bn ht ln mt ting Nu bn li ht nh th mt ln na th n s tt i Nguyn l hot ng ca n cng rt n gin ,n gm c cc khi sau: 1 khi thu nhn v khuch i m thanh :gm micro in dung v ICBA328 m nhn, c nhim v thu tn hiu m thanh t mi trng 2 khi gii hn tn s ca m thanh (chn tn s cao, ch A) gm VR39K v Cf 102 ,y l mch lc thng cao ch cho tn s khong trn 1khz i qua 3 khi gii hn bin (chng can nhiu vi tp m ca mi trng) khi ny do IC AN6884 m nhn, led1 ch trng thi c m thanh Page 5 of 40

Mch in t vui KTCN 11 ST : Hunh Quc Lm vo mch 4 khi to xung chun kch triger NE555 lp thnh mch n n 5 khi n nh trng thi (cng tc in t ) CD4017 to thnh mch triger T c tc dng nh mt cng tc in t ng m n ! *** Linh kin: micro l loi in dung IC BA328 IC AN6884 IC NE555 IC CD4017 rle 12V cc linh kin khc c gi tr nh trong s !

10.Mch n signal
* S nguyn l: ** Hot ng : Q1, Q2 mc thnh mch dao ng da hi to xung vung tn s c th iu chnh c bi VR100K tn hiu li ra t emitor ca Q2 qua Q3 H1061 khuch i dng cho bng n ln iu chnh VR 100K cho tn s chp tt nh mun chc cc bn thnh cng !

11.iu khin n bng cch s tay !

* S nguyn l:

** Hot ng :
Trong m ti , c khi bn phi m mm tm ci cng tc treo trn tng . Nu tay bn m... nhm phi ci cm ,rt c th bn s sung sng c ngi... ung tr vi thnh Pero ! mch in trn l mt gii php ti u cho vic t chi s sung sng ! Trong mch c hai in cc M1, M2 cho bn "s " thoi mi . Nu bn s vo M1 lp tc n s sng ln . Nu bn s vo M2 th n s tt i . -Khi bn s vo M1 th do nh hng ca nhiu in trng cng nghip trong ngi bn lm phn cc thun cho hai transistor C828 mc darlington dn thng cp dng cho rle , r le ht ng kho K lm cho R100k c ni xung baz ca hai transitor ny,mc ch duy tr phn cc cho mch gi rle. -Khi bn s tay vo in cc M2 th lm cho C828 tng ng dn thng v lm mt phn cc ti baz ca hai transitor mc darlington ---> rle nh ra ---> ngt tip im K lm mch tr v trng thi ban u # - Tn dng mt tip im th hai trong rle ng cng tc cho n, qut hay cc thit b cn iu khin Page 6 of 40

Mch in t vui KTCN 11 ST : Hunh Quc Lm *** Linh kin: t ngun 0,47uF/400V iot cu 1A Rle 12V 4 tip im C828 X 3 ,zene 12V # Cn thn vi ngun xoay chiu 220V !

12.Vng quay in t:
* S nguyn l:

** Hot ng : Vng quay in t l mt vng trn khp kn c kt thnh t nhiu bng n khc nhau . Mc ch ch ch hoc lm p cho Amplifier hoc cc thit b in t khc ! . N c nguyn l nh sau : CD 4017 l mt IC m hng c 10 u ra Q0....Q9, ng vi cnh ln ca mt xung nhp ng h (clock) a vo ICs cho 1 u ra nhy ln mc cao (Q1= H) xung nhp tip theo s lm cho Q2= H,Q1=L,Q0=L Xung nhp tip sau na s lm cho Q3= H ,Q2=L,Q1=L,Q0=L nh vy s to ra mt im chy theo mt vng trn rt p mt - NE 555 lp thnh mch dao ng a hi to xung vung a vo chn clock ca 4017 .iu chnh variap 100k cho tn s chy nh mong mun . Lp rp c th bn s thy thch cho m xem (bt m : ci ny m gn vo n hu xe my th "c" ht ch ni ) Chc cc bn thnh cng !

*** Linh kin: CD 4017 . NE 555 , RED LED 0,3mm X 10

13.n bit nghe li

* S nguyn l:
Page 7 of 40

Mch in t vui KTCN 11

ST : Hunh Quc Lm

** Hot ng : Sau mt tun "ngm cu" thit k v "h hc" lp rp ti hon thnh chic n ny vi hi vng s lm cho c bn gi ca mnh hi lng .Kt qu tht m mn khng khip .ti lt vo ...s en ca nng .T ti lm vo thi k au kh trin min, dai dng !!! y l chic n bit nghe li ca bn .Khi bn ni chuyn vi n ,n s nhy theo li ni ca bn . Cn khi bn ht th n s nhy ma theo iu nhc ca bn . N gm c ba phn : - Phn thu nhn v khuch i m thanh ca mi trng do IC BA328 ,Micro in dung m nhn - Phn hin th Led do IC AN6884 v 5 led ch th mu xanh, 1led - Phn iu khin ngun chm nh s dng SCR (trisistor) lm cho mch in gn gng v hin i . ***Lu : - iu chnh VR39K ly nhy cho n - Mch in lp gn gng v p mt ,hn ch din tch (c dng hnh thp) - B tr cc led theo hnh tri tim hay ch ci ...khng nht thit nh trong s l hnh ch C - V l qu tng nn n duy nht vi t...bi vy cc bn phi t lp ly, t khng c ci th 2 bn hay trao i ! Chc cc bn thnh cng ! *** Linh kin: cc gi tr linh kin : nh trong s ! ring SCR bn ly loi ML406 c trong b n nhy ca trung quc .n c kch thc b bng NPNC828

14.Dn nhc t ng cho my tnh

Page 8 of 40

Mch in t vui KTCN 11

ST : Hunh Quc Lm

* S nguyn l

** Hot ng :
Bn ang ngi lm vic trc my tnh bng kht khao c nghe mt bn nhc .Bn vi m Winamp hay windows media play .kch vo mt bi ht .Chng trnh chy ri m sao cha nghe ting .Kh tht ,ci loa cha cm in ! mt c hng .Mch in trn s gip bn khi phi bn tm .Ch cn bn play l ht lin .Nu bn khng nghe nhc na th sau khong mt pht mch in s t ng ct in tit kim v bo v cho ci loa thn yu ca bn.Nguyn l ca n rt n gin ! tn hiu m nhc t soundcard c a vo IC AN6884 ng vi mt bin nht nh th chn s 2 nhy xung mc thp lm cho mch n n 555 chuyn trng thi u ra (chn3) nhy ln mc cao lm cho rle ht ng kho K cp in cho loa .trng thi ny c gi bi thi hng R100k v C100uf .sau mt thi gian nu khng c tn hiu t AN6880 a n th chn s 3 ca 555 nhy xung mc thp Kho K nh .ct in tit kim .Bn thy th no ? *** Linh kin: IC AN 6884 IC NE 555 R le 12V Transitor NPN C828

15.Mch bass treable volume

Mch thc t t amplifier sansui , chnh bass treable cc k hiu qu ,mch ny lp trc tng kdcs gi tr linh kin nh trong s

Page 9 of 40

Mch in t vui KTCN 11

ST : Hunh Quc Lm

16. MCH CHNG TRM BNG TIA HNG NGOI

y l mch pht:

y l mch thu:

Page 10 of 40

Mch in t vui KTCN 11

ST : Hunh Quc Lm

** Nguyn l hot ng:

"Mc thu nhn tn hiu t mch pht v a n opamp th nht khuech i ln. v sau o chnh lu v lc thnh p DC. p DC ny s c so snh vi p chun. apamp th hai c s dng nh mt b so snh p. Tn hiu ra c kch vo chn 2 ca ic 555. IC 555 ng vai tr nh mt mch n n. khi c tn hiu kch vo n th n lm cho ci bo ng vang ln mt thi gian khon 15 giy v tt. Bnh thng th ci bo ng khng ku khi c ngi i qua th n lm cho mt thu mt tn hiu v p chnh luu cng gim xung v mch so snh p s kch ic 555 lm vic v ci bo ng s vang ln....." Gi tr cc linh kin c bn Minh V cho trn hnh, v y l cc ch thm: * Linh kin "Thit b cm bin quan trng ca mch ny l mt mt thu tn hiu remote ca tivi . mt thu ny gm c 3 chn gm 2 chn ngun v 1 chn tn hiu Ngun cp cho mt thu l ngun 5v Chn no ni vi v l chn mass Chn gia l chn tn hiu Chn cn li l chn 5v" * Chng nhiu "Dng thit b lc nh sng , khng cho nh sng trng i vo mt thu , ch c nh sng hng ngoi mi i vo mt thu,thit b ny l mt ci knh mu thng thy trong tivi hay cc thit b in t khc, hoc dng giy king mu trong cc bnh in hay hp tr,y l dng tn hiu hng ngoi vi tn s l khong 38khz nn Page 11 of 40

Mch in t vui KTCN 11 cho d dng n pin ri vo th cng chng nh hng g "

ST : Hunh Quc Lm

* Hiu Chnh Chnh my pht pht tn s 38Khz c khong cch xa nht, cn khc tn s th hiu qu ch l 10m. * Gi c Tt c cc linh kin gi r(mt thu hiu KEC gi 7000 ) Mch c tc gi s dng tt nhiu nm, nn anh em c yn tm

17. MCH LC TN HIU

I.S MCH:

II.CC LINH KIN TRONG MCH: - IC1:TL072 - TRANSISTOR BC546 - CC T 1000mcroF,16V;100nF;22nF - CC DIOT:4148;4004 - CC in tr:1M;10M;10K - NGUN CUNG CP:9VAC III.NGUYN TC HOT NG: - Mch ny c mc ch l pht hin ra nhng thnh phn tn hiu b mo dng.Tn hiu vo t ngun xoay chiu in p 9v.b khuch i thut ton IC1a v cc thnh tch hp khc hot ng ging nh b lc thng thp ,gim bt nhng hiu ng cao tn - IC1b v Q1 cho lm cho dng sng ng ra b tr pha 90 so vi tn hiu vo.di y l dng sng ra v tn hiu vo:

Page 12 of 40

Mch in t vui KTCN 11

ST : Hunh Quc Lm

18. MCH : KHA BNG S

I. S Mch :

II. Nguyn l hot ng :

Page 13 of 40

Mch in t vui KTCN 11 ST : Hunh Quc Lm y l mch kha bng s , tuy nhin n cng c nhiu ng dng khc . Bn phm c cc phm cng mt mi ni chung v mi phm c cng mt chc nng kha ring bit . Mt m m bn mun chn kha s gm 5 k t nhp t bn phm (tng ng vi 5 phm) , 7 phm cn li s khng tham gia trong qu trnh m ha . 5 phm c chn ty s c ni vi cc chn A,B,C,D,E . in tr R1 s c ni vi chn cn li l kho F . Bi v s la chn ca bn c th bao gm nhng k hiu khng s , gn nh 100 000 m c sn khc nhau . Bo ng l tp hp trc ht 4 trong 5 phm m bn chn . Khi m A,B,C,D c nhn trong khong thi gian ca C1 v R2 (khong 10s) th dng qua R11 v Q6 dn .in p ng vo ca kha t m cho n ng v qua Led l 12V . y l con Ic cmos4081c 2 cng vo AND , cc ng ra s mc cao khi c hai ng vo u mc cao . Khi nhn nt A mc cao trong thi gian ca C1 v R2 th chn 1 ca cng AND1 s mc cao v khi nhn nt B th hai chn ca AND1 u mc cao do chn 3 u ra cng mc cao , chn 3 ra s lm hai vic , n s lm cho chn 5 cng AND2 mc cao v vic cn li l cung cp dng cho Q1 . Nu m nhp vo khng ng trong thi gian cho php , th chn 10 ca cng AND4 s kch dn Q5 v cung cp dng cho Q6 lm Q6 dn bt k phm A,B,C,D hay E cng khng ni vi Q4 qua R9 . Khi cc kha A,B,C,D,E nhn sai th Q4 s lm cho chn 1 mc thp , n s b mc u tin cng 1 v vic vo m ha b tht bi . Nu bn nhp m ha sai bn c th nhp li , bnc th thay i mt m t vic thay i nhng kt ni t bn phm . Nu bn cn mt mt m an ton hn bn c th s dng 1 bn phm ln hn , 16 phm s cho na triu m khc nhau .

19. mch in t ui mui!

Mch ch cn ngun nui l 1 pin tiu 1.5V ( c th dng trong 1 nm) hoc khng th c th dng in sinh hot bnh thng nh s dng cng c ( mch ngun nui bng 220V mnh s post pha di) Cc linh kin cn dng: in tr 10k (2 ci) in tr 18k (2 ci) T .01 (1 ci) Transitor C828 ( 2 ci) Loa in p( hnh ging nhng xu, bng ng,c th s dng loa ng trong cc thip nhc) Cng tc Pin tiu 1.5V Mch ngun nui bng 220V gm c: in tr 51k/1Wat (sr mi ngi, n hm nay mi pht hin ra ch sai ny!:D, ko phi l 5ok nh hi ba vit u nha!) Diot 1N4007 (4 ci) T 10 micr Fara/16V

Page 14 of 40

Mch in t vui KTCN 11 S thit k mch nh sau:

ST : Hunh Quc Lm

S ngun nui:

Nu nh mun s ngun nui bng 220V, bn ni u s 1 ca ngun nui vi u s 1 ca mch, tng t vy vi u s 2. Tuy nhin cn lu l nu nh mun dng 220V th phi tho pin tiu ra ri mi dng v phi cch in cho mch, nu khng mch ang hot ng m ta v tnh ng vo th..........AMEN do phi cn thn.

Page 15 of 40

Mch in t vui KTCN 11

ST : Hunh Quc Lm

20. H thng cnh bo trm xe bng m thanh

Trong mch in nh ny th b phn c bn nht l CMOS 6 cng NAND tch hp trong IC CD4093. N kh hu hiu bo v chng trm cho xe ca bn bng cch pht tn hiu m thanh cnh bo.

Khi bn cp ngun cho mch in trn bng ngun DC 12V ly t xe ca bn (c hin th bng LED) th mch chuyn sang trng thi ch. Led bn trong ca b cm quang l IC1 MCT2E nhn nh sng t bn ngoi, catot ca n c ni t thng qua h thng m thanh ca xe (c th thm cu ch) v b khch i. Khi bn c gng di chuyn xe th ng dn ny s b t v kt ni t IC1 n chn 12 ca IC2 (cng NAND N4) b ngt, b cm quang IC1 s tt ngay lp tc. Kt qu l b dao ng c to thnh t cc cng N2 v N3 s hot ng v iu khin thi gian on/off ca Relay thng qua transistor T2. Khi ta thay i gi tr ca t in C2 dn n thi gian on/off cng thay i theo. Nu t C2 c gi tr 100 micro-fara th thi gian m khong 5 giy, ngt khong 5 giy.

Nu ngun cp cho car audio b ngt th u ra ca N4 s chuyn ln mc cao, n to ra cc dao ng c tn s xc nh v cc dao ng ny kch dn T1 (nh c t C1 v R5 hp li to thnh 1 mch vi phn, n bin i xung vung n cc thnh xung nhn lng cc).

Page 16 of 40

Mch in t vui KTCN 11

ST : Hunh Quc Lm

Kt qu l loa (c ni vi chn C ca T2) s dao ng theo tn s ca dao ng ca cc xung nhn. y thi gian on ca loa c th c thay i bng cch iu chnh gi tr ca t C1 hoc R5.

21. Mch t ng iu khin n

Mch t ng iu khin n trong phng 1.S mch:

2.Gii thiu: y l mt mch in t ng iu khin n in trong phng ch dng mt b cm bin nh sng. V vy khi mt ngi bc vo phng th b cm bin sinh ra mt xung v lm cho n sng. Khi ngi i ra khi phng th b cm bin li sinh ra mt xung khc lm tt n. Nhng chuyn g s xy ra khi c 2 ngi cng bc vo phng ( ngi ny i sau ngi kia). B cm bin s sinh ra 2 xung v lm cho n tr li trng thi tt. Mch in c m t trn s gii quyt vn ny. 3.Nguyn l hot ng: Page 17 of 40

Mch in t vui KTCN 11 ST : Hunh Quc Lm Mch in gm c mt b nh nh m c th t ng m v tt n nh mong mun. Mch in dng 2 LDR ( in tr ph thuc nh sng ) m chng c t theo th t trc sau (cch nhau khong 50cm), v vy chng c th nhn bit mt cch ring bit mt ngi bc vo phng hoc l i ra khi phng. Sau khi x ly,u ra ca 2 b cm bin LDR c s dng phi hp vi nhng trng thi ca LED mu khi mt ngi bc vo phng th LED s pht ra mu xanh v khi ngi i ra khi phng th LED s pht ra mu o. Nhng ng ra ny s ng thi c a n 2 b m s. Mt trong s 2 b m s s m ln: +1, +2, +3 vv khi c nhiu ngi ln lt bc vo phng v b m kia s m ngc li: -1, -2, -3 vv khi c nhiu ngi i ra khi phng. Nhng b m ny s dng IC CD4017. Tng tip theo bao gm 2 IC logic m chng c th kt hp nhng ng ra ca 2 b m v xc nh xem liu c cn ngi no vn cn trong phng hay khng. Khi s dng LDR trong mch in th phi cn thn trnh chng b nh hng bi nh sng. Nu mun th c th s dng cm bin c gi tr thay i c thay th cho LDR. Nhng b cm bin ny c lp t sao cho khi c ngi i vo hoc i ra khi phng th ngi s chn ngang nh sng theo th t cm bin ny sau cm bin kia. Khi mt ngi i vo phng, th trc tin ngi s ngn cn nh sng t LDR1, tip n l LDR2. Khi mt ngi i ra khi phng th n s thay i trng thi. Trong trng hp bnh thng th c 2 LDR u b gim cng nh sng, v nh vy tr khng ca chng rt thp (khong 5 kilo Ohm). Nh vy cui cng, chn ra ca c 2 b m thi gian (IC1 v IC2), m c nh dng nh l nhng mch flip-flop n n, u b cht gn vi in p cp vo l +9V. Khi s gim cng sng ca LDR c ngn cn th tr khng ca chng tng ln rt ln v in th chn 2 ca n gn nh bng 0 (ni t), khi mch flip-flop bt u hot ng. Nhng t in c mc vo gia chn 2 v t chng nhiu. Khi mt ngi i vo phng, LDR1 hot ng trc v l kt qu trong s hot ng ca IC1 n n. Pha trc cc B ca cp transitor T1-T2 xut hin 1 xung ngn ng ra nhanh chng np in cho t C5. Nhng ngay khi cc C ca transistor T1 v T2 li trng thi c tr khng cao bi v chn 3 ca IC2 c in th thp v diode D4 khng dn in. Nhng khi vn l ngi i qua LDR2, th IC2 n n c khi ng. Chn 3 chuyn ln mc cao v in th ny i qua diode D4 v c a n cp transistor T1-T2. Kt qu l cp transistor dn in bi v t C5 gi li in tch trong mt lc v thi gian n x ht c iu khin bi in tr R5. V th cho nn LED xanh c pht sng mt cch tc thi. Ging nh vy, ng ra cng c a n IC3 m n c hot ng nh mt ng h m. ng vi mi ng vo ca mi ngi vo s lm ng ra ca IC3 ( ang mc cao) s tng ln theo. tng ny, cp transistor T3-T4 khng dn in bi v ng ra chn 3 ca IC1 khng cn mc dng na v vy rng xung ng ra ngn hn v do cc C ca transistor tin gn n mc cao. Khi c ngi i ra khi phng, th LDR2 c hot ng trc v sau l LDR1 hot ng. Khi mt na phn di ca mch cng ging nh na phn trn, lc ny vi s sai lch ca mi ngi s lm cho LED pht sng mt cch tc thi v ng ra ca IC4 cng c tng ln ging nh trong trng hp ca IC3. Ng ra ca IC3 v ca c IC4 ( sau khi c o bi cng o N1 n N4 ) c hp li bi cng AND ( A1 n A4 ) sau l cng OR ( s dng diode D5 n D8 ). Hiu ng thc l khi c ngi i vo phng, ng ra c it61 nht mt cng AND mc cao, v transistor T5 dn in v cp nng lng cho RL1. Bng n c ni vi tip im chnh N/O ca r le RL1 cng c pht sng. Khi mi ngi i ra khi phng, v n khi khng cn ai trong phng th dy ni ca ng ra OR vn tip tc tr v mc cao c ngha l bng n vn cn sng, ti khi tt c mi ngi i vo i ra ht khi phng. S ngi ti a m mch in ny c th kim sot c l 4, mt khi thit b nhn c xung th 5 th n s tr li trng thi nh ban u. Tuy nhin mch cng c th d dng m n 9 ngi bng cch thay u ni ca chn 1 vi chn tr v trng thi ban u (15) v s dng ng ra t Q1 n Q9 ca b m CD4017 v c th thm vo cc cng AND v diode

Page 18 of 40

Mch in t vui KTCN 11

ST : Hunh Quc Lm Sng 13 LED, CP 3V

22. NH SNG CHO XE P

Cng thch hp (cho) nhng ngi chy b/ ngi i b.

S mch:

LINH KIN:
R1_____________10K 1/ 4 W in tr. R2, R9, R10_____100K 1/ 4 W in tr. R3- R8, R11- R16__10R 1/ 4 W in tr. R17___________150R 1/ 4 W in tr C1______________1uF 63 V T (in) Pliste. C2_____________10nF 63 V T (in) Pliste. C3____________100uF 25 V t in phn. D1- D13_____LED 5 mm. hay ln hn, hiu sut cao IC1, IC2________7555 hay TS555CN CMos ,IC bm gi . SW1____________ kha chuyn SPST. B1_______________ Ngun pin 3V ( 2 AA 1.5V ghp ni tip)

1. Mc ch Thit b:. Mch ny c thit k cung cp mt nh sng r rng , to thnh bi s pht sang ca 13 con LED c xp xp trong mt vng quay. V in p thp, mch kch thc nh , thit b thch hp (cho) s ct t trn nhng xe p nh mt nh sng n, hay mang bi nhng ngi chy b/ ngi i b 2. Thao tc Mch:. IC1 l mt phin bn CMos (ca) 555 IC c buc bng dy st khi mt b a hi phim nh pht sinh mt 50% nhim v p xe sng hnh vung vo khong 4 Hz tn s. Ti 3 V , 555 u ra ( chn 3) s st dng nhanh hn ngun trong qu trnh hot ng, ri cc led D1- D6 c ni ti cc dngca ngun . thu c mt thao tc phng h quang xen k, mt 555 IC (th) hai c cung cp, hnh ng nh mt b phn bin i nghch o du cng trig v iu khin cc LED D7- D12. D13 Thng xuyn sng Cc LED c sp xp nh hnh di, vi LED trung tm lun sng. S sp t ny v s phng h quang xen k (ca) to thnh vng quay 3. SP XP LED:. 4. CH : Tn s Phng h quang c th c thay i ,thay i gi tr C1. mch iu khin n bng nh sng .

Page 19 of 40

Mch in t vui KTCN 11

ST : Hunh Quc Lm 23. MCH TC N LM TR IU KHIN BNG NH SNG HOC M THANH:

1.ng dng:
Mch in ny dng t ng iu khin cc n cu thang, cc n chiu sng trong nh v sinh v cc li i. 2.Nguyn l mch in: Mch in c cu to nh hnh. SK-II l mt IC iu khin bng m thanh, l mt IC chuyn dng. Bn trong n tr mch in chnh l mt trigger hai trng thi n nh cn c mt b khuch i o pha 3 cc c th tho mn cc yu cu cc trng hp khc nhau. Trong mch ny ch s dng 2 tn 2 cp trong s . Bnh thng chn 9 ca SK-II nm mc thp, transistor Q1 do thin tr cc gc khng c nn ngng dn, chn 2 u kch ca mch tch hp gc chun thi gian 555 vn mc cao, chn 6 u tr s ngng cng nh vy. Chn 7 phng in cng mc cao, nn u ra chn 3 ca n cng s mc thp, Triac silic iu khin 2 chiu khng c dng in kch nn ngng dn, n H khng sng. Khi microphone MIC tip thu m thanh v tay, bn trong SK-II b trigger trng thi n s lt, chn 9 a ra mc cao, transistor Q1 dn thng ng thi bo ho, in p trn cc gp ca n l 0, ng thi in p chn 2 u kch ca mch in gc chun thi gian 555 thp chng 1/3 Vcc, mch in bn trong lt, u ra chn 3 mc cao, Triac s kch dn thng, n H pht sng. ng thi in p 12V qua in tr R4 np vo t C4, cho ti khi in p 2 u C4 t ti 2/3 Vcc.Mch in bn trong ca mch gc chun Page 20 of 40

Mch in t vui KTCN 11 ST : Hunh Quc Lm thi gian 555 mt ln na s lt, chn 3 u ra s chuyn thnh mc thp, Triac mt ln na s ngng dn. Thi gian lm tr di hay ngn c quyt nh bi tr s ca in tr R4 v ca t C4, da vo cc s liu trong hnh v n s c thi gian khong chng 2 pht. Ngoi ra mch in gc chun thi gian 555 c b kch lt hay khng cn b s iu khin bi in p chn 4 u phc v, ban ngy do nh sng chiu ti transistor quang Q3 lm in tr gim thp, transistor Q2 dn thng, mch in gc chun thi gian 555 u phc v chn 4 vn mc thp, mch kch bn trong b kho, tc l lm cho in p chn 2 u kch thp hn 1/3 Vcc, mch in 555 cng khng lt. Ch khi no bt u tri ti, do transistor quang Q3 khng c nh sng chiu vo nn c in tr cao, transistor Q2 ngt, chn 4 u phc v ca mch in 555 vn mc cao, lc ch cn trn mch in gc chun thi gian 555 c u vo l xung m, mch n n bn trong n s lt. Nh vy IC iu khin bng m thanh chn dng h SK-II. Micro MIC chn dng loi nhy cao, cng c th dng loi tinh th gm p in MTD-27A thay. Mch in gc chun thi gian 555 chn dng loi NE55, LM555 hoc 5G1555. T C4 chn dng loi t in r cng nh cng tt. Cc linh kin cn li chn dng theo thng s c ghi trn s . 3. iu chnh cc gi tr: Khi iu chnh kim tra, trc tin transistor Q3 nm di nh sng t nhin, iu chnh R6 lm cho transistor Q2 dn thng, in p chn 4 u phc v ca mch in gc chun thi gian 555 thp hn 1V, khi cn thit c th dng transistor c h s khuch i ln hn. Sau iu chnh R1, lm cho in p u di R1 gn ti 6V. Ni chung, iu chnh R1 khong 10KW l c. Khi thay i in dung C5 nmgia chn 4 v 5 cha IC iu khin bng m thanh, trong hnh v dng loi 0.1mF, mch in s tng i nhy vi tn s ln cn 1KHz, chng hn nh ting v tay

24. n Ng T ng v Bo Thc
N NG T NG CNG VI CHC NNG BO THC
Mch in ny s t ng bt n ng khi tri ti, v n s t ng tt khi tri sng nh 1 b cm bin nh sng t nhin vo mi bui sng . y 1 LED pht nh sng trng c dng nh 1 n ng. Ngoi ra n cn c 1 chc nng l t ng bo thc bng m thanh khi b cm bin nhn c nh sng t nhin vo mi bui sng.

Ngun in cung cp cho mch ny c gi tr khong 9V, c ly ra t 1 my bin th. u vo l ngun Page 21 of 40

Mch in t vui KTCN 11 ST : Hunh Quc Lm in xoay chiu 220V- 230V_50Hz , sau n qua bin p gim p ngun(AC) . Ngun AC c chnh lu nh 1 b chnh lu cu gm 4 diode 1N4007: D1,D2,D3,D4 , b chnh lu ny chuyn t dng AC thnh DC. u ra mch chnh lu ta lp thm 1 t in C1 nhm mc ch lc phng tn hiu DC va c chnh lu , v y l t ngun nn c gi tr kh ln (10-3 F). IC 7806 iu chnh gi mc in p DC n nh khong 6V. Ngoi ra trong mch ny cn c thm ngun nui bng pin hoc cqui (9V) lm nhim v cung cp nng lng cho mch in khi ngun chnh b h, chc nng chnh l ngun d phng. Khi ngun chnh lm vic bnh thng th ngun d phng ny s c np y qua diode D5 v in tr R1 . Khi ngun chnh b h hay mt in th ngay lp tc ngun d phng s cp in cho mch , m bo mch hot ng bnh thng. Diode D5 c nhim v ngn cn hin tng x in ngc v ngun chnh, cn D6 th gi vai tr ng dn DC t pin n phn cn li ca mch. Cc quang tr (LDR) gi chc nng cm nhn nh sng trong phng ng ca bn. in tr ca cc quang tr ny rt ln khi tri ti v in tr thay i kh nhanh,rt nh khi c chiu sng. y LDR1 cm nhn bong ti cn LDR2 th cm nhn nh sng vo mi sng sm. B phn chnh ca mch l IC2 NE555, c chc nng 1 b to dao ng (to xung vung). IC 2 hot ng khi c xung kch t chn s 2 ca IC2. Mt ln kch th u ra chn s 3 s chuyn ln mc cao v s tr v gi tr ban u nu ta kch tr li chn s 2 ca IC2. Khi tri ti th in tr ca LDR1 c gi tr khong 280 kiloohms, in tr ca LDR1 tng do cng chiu sng gim. LDR1 v R1 ng vai tr phn p cho chn s 2, LDR1 tng n 1 gi tr no th IC2 hot ng, to dao ng, u ra s 3 ca IC s chuyn ln mc in p cao v kt qu l n LED pht sng. Khi LDR1 c chiu sng bng nh sng trong phng th in tr ca n s gim xung rt thp , n gi b pht xung mc in p dng. Kt qu l u ra s 3 ca IC 2 s chuyn v mc thp v n white LED s tt . Bng cch thay i gi tr ca t C2 ta c th nh thi gian m ca n LED.LDR2 c ghp vi cc linh kin khc to thnh 1 b bo thc bng m thanh. LDR2 s d nh sng xung quanh phng v gi tr ca n s gim khi mt tri ln (cng chiu sng bt u tng ). in tr ca n gim n 1 mc no th c dng in ln chy qua chn B ca transistor T1(BC548) v kch T1 dn .Khi T1 dn IC nhc UM66 c cp ngun (ly t chn E ca T1) v hot ng, IC 2 l IC nhc nn n s pht ra cc giai iu. Cc giai iu to ra t IC2 c khch i bi transistor T2, sau a ra loa. Nh vy ta c 1 ng h bo thc vi nhng giai iu yu thch m bn c th la chn tu . in tr R7 c tc dng hn dng cho IC3, cn diode zener ZD th gi nhim v n p cho IC3 trong mc an ton khong 3.3V .

25. MCH CHNG TRM BNG TIA LASER

Chc cc bn i ln xem phim hnh ng ri th bit trong cnh phim cp t nhp vo cc ngn hng , bo tng ... u c h thng tia laser bo v Page 22 of 40

Mch in t vui KTCN 11 ST : Hunh Quc Lm Nu v tnh chm phi vo tia laser th ci bo ng s h vang . cc bn cng c th lm c 1 h thng nh vy ch vi mch in n gin sau

S NGUYN L

Page 23 of 40

Mch in t vui KTCN 11

ST : Hunh Quc Lm u im ca mch ny l tm bo v c th ln ti 100m (ph thuc vo pht x ca modul laser) Trong mch dng modul laser tr chi trung quc bn rt r ngoi chi tri ph Hu (5K/modul). modul s dng 3 vin pin cc o tm pht x hn 300m, tuy nhin khi mua v bn phi cp dng lin tc bng mch n p 3,3V do Q3 R4 v DZ to thnh - l phn pht tia laser Phn thu tia laser do quang tr R1 m nhn - Khi c nh sng laser chiu vo quang tr R1 do hin tng quang in lm cho in tr ca R1 gim mnh to phn cc thun cho transistor Q1 dn thng St p trn colector Q1 lm cho Q2 ngt nn ngng cp ngun cho mch cnh bo Loa s k h - Khi tia laser b vt cn chn k n c quang tr th hin tng s ngc li Q1 ngng dn lm p baz Q2 tng cao -> Q2 c phn cc thun dn thng cp ngun cho IC alarm loa ci s h lin tc - Bin p T1 h dng xoay chiu qua D1 nn thnh 1 chiu v c lc & n p bi C1 C2 ,qua IC U1 cp 5V cho mch cnh bo - Phn loa bn chn loa gm p in cho ting h anh v xa IC cnh bo dng loi chuyn dng HT2860 cho ra 6 loi cnh bo khc nhau datasheet http://www.unitrel.pl/dane/uklady-scalone/ht2860.pdf Trong s key1-key6 l 6 phm bm cho ra 6 loi cnh bo khc nhau , cc bn lp xong mch n phm nghe th tng loi , thch loi no th b phm v tr tng ng v hn chp phm li khi cp ngun th mch s t chy lun. Lu : - Khi lp bn phi bc quang tr vo trong 1 ng nha mu en trnh nh sng ban ngy tc ng vo , quang tr nm su trong ng tm 2cm - H pht v thu phi c nh chc chn trnh rung ng lm lch tia laser gy bo ng gi _ B tr nhiu gng phn chiu hoc nhiu h thu pht cc ni khc nhau bn s c 1 h thng bt kh xm phm y nh trong phim. Chc cc bn thnh cng !

26. MCH IU KHIN KHI NG V BO V BNG M S IN T

Thit b bo v s gm 10 nt nhn t 0 -> 9 v bn c quyn chn tu trong 10 s vi s lm m s bo v, bao nhiu s cng c ( thng l 6 s). v ch khi no bn n chnh xc m s th h thng thit b ca bn mi c th khi ng hay m ca ngi nh ca bn c! ngoi cc m s bo v m bn chn ra th khng c m s no c th m c h thng trn cho d bn n chnh xc cc m s, m ch cn sai 1 s th bn cng khng th m c h thng.

1. S MCH
Page 24 of 40

Mch in t vui KTCN 11

ST : Hunh Quc Lm

2.Hot ng : Nu bn mun t m s bo v h thng khi ng cho cc my mc thit b quan trng ca mnh hay mun cn nh mnh tr nn hin i v an ton, th bn hy gn ci kho ny vo ! Ti s dng n hai nm ri (c l hai mi nm vn chy tt). C nhiu ngi c nh "crack" nhng khng thnh cng. Khi ch to bn phi thm vo cc mch bo v h ci khi n sai m s ,hay khng cho php d m (s gii thiu sau) nguyn l :CD 4017 l IC m hng c 10 u ra ,ng vi cc xung clock th ln lt cc u ra s c mc cao. ta tn dng tnh nng ny a u ra c mc cao tr v u vo clock theo s m ho bn phm. Khi mi cp in cho mch, IC c reset ,u ra Q0 c mc cao ,lc ny nu n phm s 2 th mc cao ny s c a vo chn clock lm cho IC m hng a u ra Q2 c mc cao,nu tip tc n phm s 0 th Q3 li nhy ln mc cao ...ln lt n cc phm ng s a n Q6 c mc cao kch mch in m kho. Nu bn n sai th iu g xy ra? Nu n sai m s th C828 c phn cc thun thng qua D1 a vo chn reset .IC s tr v trng thi ban u .Tu theo cch sp xp cc diot m bn c cc m s khc nhau .

27. MCH NP ACQUY T NG

Page 25 of 40

Mch in t vui KTCN 11

ST : Hunh Quc Lm

1. S nguyn l:

2. Hot ng : y l mach np cquy ht sc c o , ch dng vi linh kin gin n nhng n c tnh nng t ng khng thua km mt b np no khc .Khi c quy y in th mch t ng ct in bo v cquy Dng xoay chiu qua bin p h th to ra 30VAC qua it nn na chu k to ra 15V mt chiu c dng nhp nh (dng np cho cquy c dng xung s lm cho c quy mau y in khi np) dng in c st p qua bng n dy tc 21W (c tc dng nh mt in tr ng thi lm n ch th dng np ) 2N3055 ,1K, Zene 13,5V to thnh mch np t ng khi cquy ht in th in p trn n lun lun <12V (khong 10V) lc UBE ca 2N3055 = 13,5V - 10V = 3,5V transitor dn cp dng np cho acquy khi cquy y in th in p ca n tng cao (khong 13V chng hn ) lc UBE ca 2N3055 = 13,5 - 13 = 0,5 V in p ny khng phn cc cho transitor lm vic ---> transitor ngt ct dng bo v cquy ! bng n c tc dng hn dng v ch th .khi bnh ang np ->bng n sng mnh , khi bnh np y bng n s tt

3. Linh kin: tr s linh kin : nh trong s ! nu bn mun np cho cquy 6V th thay zene = 7.5V bn nh
gii nhit tt cho Transitor .chc cc bn thnh cng!

28. MY M S NGI
1. S

2. Hot ng :
Mch t hp l mt 4516 b m ti/lui. it 2 xc nh phng hng m. Gi tr (ca) nhng in tr R ' Ph thuc vo kiu it c dng. (Bn s c l cn nhng in tr trong phm vi 100 K ti 1 M.) Khi vo Page 26 of 40

Mch in t vui KTCN 11 ST : Hunh Quc Lm phng, chm (tia) soi sng it 1 phi b ct u tin. (Ci) ny gy ra my m m Ln trn mt. Nu (Khi mt ngi ri b phng) Chm (tia) soi sng it 2 b ct v trong khi chm (tia) ny cn c ct cho chm (tia) soi sng it 1 b ct, my m s m xung mt. u ra c th c s dng (vi mt ci r le v ngi iu khin) chuyn mt nh sng khi mt ngi u tin vo phng v sau tt nh sng khi ngi cui cng ri b phng ( S lng ngi cc i 15) Chn 1, 3, 4, 5, 12, v 13 ca 4516 c ni ti ngun pin tiu cc (nhn thy s vero di). (R v C) c th c gn nh bt k gi tr no; Th 100 K v 1.5nF.

3. S vero

4. S dng. Nhng it thit b thu vi bng cch in en ( hay ci g tng t) xung quanh n. Cch khc, t nhng it trong mt hp nha nh, nh c cho thy di

29. Ting "bp" ng lc.

Nhng ting ci sa 7.5s Nhng s nh thi gian C th iu chnh: 15 S. 30 S. 1 pht. 2 pht. & nhng thi gian khc.

1. S
(Hnh bn)

2. LINH KIN:.
R1______220R 1/ 4 W in tr. R2_______10M 1/ 4 W in tr. R3________1M 1/ 4 W in tr. R4_______10K 1/ 4 W in tr. R5_______47K 1/ 4 W in tr. C1_______100nF 63 V T (in) Pliste. C2________22uF 25 V t in phn. D1______1N4148 75 V D2________3mm. Mu c dn dt. vung s cp IC1_____4081 2 u vo v Cng IC. Page 27 of 40

Mch in t vui KTCN 11 IC2_____4060 14 trnh din my m d b v b dao ng IC. Q1______BC337 45 V P1______SPST Nt n (Bt u). P2______SPST (Khi ng li) Nt n. S Chuyn i nhng cch SW1_____4 (Nhn thy nhng ghi ch). My d m PS______Piezo (hp nht 3 KHz b dao ng). B1______3V Ngun pin ( 2 AA 1.5V)

ST : Hunh Quc Lm

3.Mc ch Thit b:.

Mch ny c d nh bo ng nhng mc ch sau mt thi gian nht nh tri qua. Tht l thch hp rng bng nhng tr chi yu cu mt thi gian c nh tr li mt cu hi hay di chuyn mt mnh v v.

4. Thao tc Mch:.
Vic y P1 t li IC2 m bt u s lm dao ng ti mt tn s c nh bi R3 & C1. Vi nhng gi tr c cho thy, tn s ny bn 4 Hz. D2, c iu khin bi IC1A & B, le sng ti cng tn s b dao ng, s bo hiu thao tc mch thch hp. SW1 la chn cht thch hp (ca) IC2 iu chnh khong thi gian tnh ton thi gian. V tr 1= 15 giy. V tr 2= 30 giy. V tr 3= 1 pht. V tr 4= 2 pht. Khi chn c chn (ca) IC2 mc cao, IC1C iu khin Q1 v nhng ting ci my d m gin on ti cng tn s Ca LED. Sau khong 7.5 nhng giy chn 4 ca IC2 mc cao v IC1D dng li b dao ng xuyn qua D1. Nu bn mun ngng m trc, y P2

5. Nhng ghi ch:.

SW1 c th l bt k kiu s chuyn i vi s lng v cch thc mong mun no. Nu bn mun mt khong thi gian tnh ton thi gian c nh n, b qua s chuyn i v ni chn9 & 13 trong s IC1 ti chn thch hp (ca) IC2. . S khi ng li (ca) mch khng tc thi. Vic y P2 bt buc IC2 dao ng rt nhanh chng, nhng n mt mt s giy kt thc s m, mt cch c bit nu mt thit b bm gi cao chm tr c la chn v nt n c vn hnh khi mch va mi bt u. reset nhanh, th thp hn gi tr (ca) R5, nhng s ch tin lng: mt gi tr qu thp c th dng s dao ng. . Thao tc Tn s thay i vi nhng hng danh ting khc (cho) IC2. E.G. Motorola l ICs c chy nhanh hn, bi vy thay i ca C1 v/ hoc R3 gi tr c th cn thit. . Bn c th cng s dng nhng chn 1, 2, 3 trong s IC2 thu c nhng s tnh ton thi gian ca 8, 16 (v) 32 pht tng ng. .

30. B hin th LED 7 on

Page 28 of 40

Mch in t vui KTCN 11 ST : Hunh Quc Lm 1. n ch th 7 on: n ch th 7 on gm 7 diode pht quang (LED: Light Emission Diode) hay 7 ch th tinh th lng (LCD: Liquid Crystal Display). Mi bit c th hin bng mt on sng a, hoc b, hoc c... n g. C hai loi ch th 7 on: - Anot chung - Catot chung Nh 7 on sng ny ta c c 10 s thp phn t 0 n 9.

2. Gii m BCD ra m 7 on: Khi b hin th LED 7 on c s dng rng ri, 1 con IC vi tn l "B gii m BCD sang 7 on" c pht trin nhm n gin ha vic s dng led 7 on. D liu nh dng kiu nh phn sau khi c IC s l s c hin th chnh xc ln mn hnh bng dng s tng ng (0-9). Mc d IC ny hot ng khng cn cht, nhng IC trong trng hp ny c sn cht 4-bit (c s dng cho v d sau). v d ny cht c thit lp sao cho d liu nhp vo c th truyn thng sut qua b gii m.

Page 29 of 40

Mch in t vui KTCN 11

ST : Hunh Quc Lm

Trong s trn, kha SW0 n SW3 c s dng chn con s thch hp s xut hin trn LED. Chng ta c th dng PLC iu khin on mch tng t. Trong tng hp ny, PLC c 4 bit ng ra s iu khin c 1 mch nh th, 8 bit ng ra s iu khin c 2 mch, 16 bit ng ra iu khin c 4 mch,... 3. Kt hp cc k t: Bng cch s dng cht 4 bit tch hp sng trong IC 4511, chng ta d dng biu din s nhiu ch s. Thng qua vic kim sot tt trng thi ca tng cht chng ta c th s dng cng lc ng nhp d liu la chn con s thch hp cho bng hin th mt cch c lp. Ch cn mt s iu chnh nh trong on mch, chng ta c th d dng x l tng con s ring bit nh l mt cm nh 4 bit (cha v duy tr d liu BCD).

Page 30 of 40

Mch in t vui KTCN 11

ST : Hunh Quc Lm

Theo s gin lc trn, mi mn hnh c thit lp tch ri. u tin, BCD tng ng vi con s thch hp c thit lp dng 4 kho d liu. Nu SW1 ng, d liu BCD s vo cht trn cng ca IC 4511, sau khi qua b gii m s hin ra s thch hp trn mn hnh. Nu SW1 m, kha s duy tr d liu hin ti, nhng s b qua bt k s thay i no. Con s s tip tc hin th trn LED trn cng cho n khi mt ngun, hoc SW1 ng li v d liu mi c cho php qua cht. B LED 7 on di c th c thit lp tng t hin th thm mt k t.

Page 31 of 40

Mch in t vui KTCN 11

ST : Hunh Quc Lm

31. iu khin tc ca mt M t DC qua 8255

Hnh : S ca H thng Trong mch ny iu khin vng lp ca mt m t DC c thit lp s dng mt b khuch i cng sut, b bin i digital sang analog, ba giao din s 8255, mt PC khch hng v mt PC Ngi phc v tng t. Mch DAC, m kim sot bi my tnh ngi phc v qua giao din s 8255, s c s dng kim sot tc ca mt m t DC bng vic thay i in p i n b khuch i cng sut. in p i vo trong m t t s cung cp nng lng gia 0 v+5 V. Vai tr ca mch khuch i cng sut s cung cp dng cn thit, vn hnh m t. My tnh khch hng, giao tip vi my tnh ngi phc v qua truyn thng Ethernet v l giao din GUI kim sot tc ca m t. C th c vi my tnh khch hng c kt ni ti ngi phc v, tuy nhin, v ng dng ny l ch c mt. Thnh phn winsock c s dng trong m Visual Basic cung cp nhng thao tc ngi phc v/ khch hng Ni chung, trang thit b ny c mt s thnh phn c bn sau: a Ngi phc v Phn mm giao din vi thit b c kh, v Internet. b Khch hng Phn mm giao din vi ngi s dng, v Internet. c 8255- 8- bt u ra. d S i vi B bin i Tng t chuyn 8- bt s vo trong mt 0-5 VDC . Page 32 of 40

Mch in t vui KTCN 11 e B khuch i cng sut iu chnh dng in vo trong m t. . f M t .

ST : Hunh Quc Lm

Trang thit b Internet ny yu cu vi thnh phn c-in t: mt 8255 th ti giao din PC ngi phc v vi nhng mch iu khin m t DC. Mc ch ca th 8255 s cung cp mt giao din gia nhng PC ngi phc v v mch iu khin m t DC

32. Mch dao ng 555

1. S mch:

IC 555 c thit k n gin bao gm b so snh in p, flip flop v transistor x in. tuy cu to n gin nhng n l linh kin quan trng v c s dng rng ri trong k thut in t. Ba in tr c ni ni tip vi nhau v ni vi u vo ngun VCC, b ngun VCC chia in p cho ba in tr ny. 1/3 in p VCC c chn dng ca con opamp th nht (COMP1) v 2/3 in p VCC c a vo chn m ca con opamp th hai (COMP2). Khi in p vo chn TRIGGER (chn 2 ca IC 555) nh hn 1/3 in p VCC, chn S ca flip flop chuyn sang mc cao v flip flop set. Khi in p Page 33 of 40

Mch in t vui KTCN 11 ST : Hunh Quc Lm chn THRESHOLD (chn 6 ca IC 555) ln hn 2/3 VCC th chn R ca flip flop l tch cc v flip flop c reset.

2. Gii thch s dao ng:

Gi s khi c cung cp in p VCC, ng ra Q ca flip flop l tch cc (H) cn ng ra mc thp (L). Do , transistor tt, dng in t VCC qua Ra v Rb n t in C. T C np in. in p ti im X ban u l 0V. V in p VX < V1 (ca COMP1) nn chn S ca Flip flop tr thnh tch cc (H) ng ra Q cng tch cc (H) mc thp (L). Mt khc, v VX < V2 (COMP2), u ra COMP2 mc thp (L), flip flop hot ng n nh ch ny.

Khi in p ti im X ln hn in p V1 (VX > 1/3 VCC) ca COMP1, th u ra ca COMP1 l mc thp (L). tuy nhin, s thay i ny khng lm thay i trng thi hot ng hin ti ca flip flop. Khi VX > V2 (VX > 2/3 VCC), u ra ca COMP2 tch cc (H), chn R ca flip flop cng tch cc lm thay i trng thi hot ng ca flip flop. Ng ra Q l mc thp, cn ng l tch cc. Lc ny, transistor c kch dn, dng in

Page 34 of 40

Mch in t vui KTCN 11 ST : Hunh Quc Lm khng cn qua t C na, v t bt u x qua Rb v transistor. in p VX gim dn, n khi VX < V2, u ra ca COMP2 chuyn sang mc thp, s thay i ny khng lm thay i trng thi ca flip flop.

in p VX gim khi t x, khi VX V1,u ra ca COMP1 tr thnh tch cc (H) chn S ca flip flop cng tch cc. Ng ra Q ca FF l mc cao, ngc li l mc thp. Do , transistor tt, t ngng x, dng

in chy qua t, t li np, in p VX tng dn.Qu trnh c lp li nh lc u. Khi t in np, n np qua 2 in tr Ra v Rb, cn khi x, t ch x qua Rb. Nh vy thi gian np v thi gian x l khc nhau, tn hiu dao ng khng u. lm gim s khc nhau , thng thng ta chn Rb >> Ra (Ra 0).

Page 35 of 40

Mch in t vui KTCN 11

ST : Hunh Quc Lm

33. Mch iu khin t xa s dng in thoi S iu khin t xa s dng in thoi

y l mt mch t xa m cho php chuyn mch' On ' v ' Off ' ca nhng thit b qua nhng ng dy in thoi. N c th c dng bt tt nhng thit b t bt k khong cch no, khc phc phm vi hn ch ca tia hng ngoi v nhng s iu khin t xa rai. Mch c m t y c th c dng hot ng 9 thit b (tng ng ti nhng ch s t 1 n 9 trong s in thoi). DTMF tn hiu trn dng c in thoi c s dng nh l tn hiu iu khin. Ch s' 0' trong kiu DTMF c dng lin kt gia kiu trang thit b v kiu thao tc in thoi bnh thng. Nh vy in thoi cng c th c dng bt hay tt nhng trang thit b trong khi n c dng cho cuc ni chuyn bnh thng. Mch s dng KT3170 IC (b bin i DTMF -to- BCD) 74154 (DMUX 4- 16), v nm con IC CD4013 (D flip-flop). S hot ng ca mch nh sau: + Trc tin l mt lnh thit lp (sau vic nghe thy cng c li m thanh), s 0' trong kiu DTMF. IC1 gii m iu ny nh' 1010,' qua IC2 DMUX khi u ra 010 ( Ti cht 11) ca IC2 (74154). Ng ra tch cc mc thp ca IC2, sau o ngc bi mt cng bin i cc ca IC3 (CD4049), tr nn lgic 1. Ci ny c dng ni FF-1 v r le RL1 c cung cp nng lng. R le RL1 c hai tip xc o ln, RL1(a) v RL1(b). Kch thch m my RL1(a) nhng s tip xc cung cp mt 220-Ohm ngang qua ng dy in thoi trong khi RL1(b) nhng s tip xc tim thuc mt tn s 10 kHz trn dy, m ch bo ti ngi gi trang thit b Page 36 of 40

Mch in t vui KTCN 11 ST : Hunh Quc Lm kiu l s chn la. 220- vng Ohm trn ng dy in thoi ngt kt ni chung t ng dy in thoi trong s trao i. Hng by gi c ni phng php lm vic trang thit b . Nu s 0' khng c quay s ( DTMF) sau khi thit lp cuc gi, ci vng tip tc v in thoi c th c s dng cho cuc ni chuyn bnh thng. Sau s chn lc ca phng php lm vic trang thit b, nu nhn s1' ca ch s c quay s, n c gii m bi IC1 v u ra 0001'. M BCD ny c demultiplexed bi IC2 (4 16) m c u ra tng ng, sau khi o ngc bi mt b phn bin i nghch o CD4049, i n lgic 1 trng thi. Xung ny mch FF tng ng xen k trng thi. u ra mch bp bnh c dng iu khin mt ci r le (RL2) m c th bt hay tt trang thit b c ni xuyn qua nhng s tip xc ca n. Bng vic quay s nhng ch s khc trong mt cch tng t, nhng trang thit b khc c th cng c chuyn' m ' hay ' tt '. + Mt ln thao tc o mch qua, 220- in tr vng Ohm v 10 kHz m thanh cn c loi b t ng dy in thoi. t c iu ny, 0' ca ch s (trong kiu DTMF) c quay s ln na ko flipflop-1 kh t r le RL1, m kt thc vng trn hng v tn s 10 kHz cng ri ra(in b cp). ng dy in thoi nh vy ln na c t ra t do nhn c nhng s gi bnh thng.Mch ny s c ni trong ng song song ti dng c in thoi

34. H THNG BO NG KCH HOT NC

I.S MCH

II.LINH KIN - IC 555 - Transistor BC109C - in tr 100K; 4.7K - T n 100uF; 0,022uF - Loa Page 37 of 40

Mch in t vui KTCN 11 ST : Hunh Quc Lm - Ngun DC 9V - Contacts - Kho III.NGUYN L HOT NG Mch s dng mt IC 555 c ni vi b dao ng v ngun cung cp l ngun dng emiter ca transistor BC109C. Khi iu kin kh ro, th transistor khng c dng phn cc nn transistor khng dn ,do chn s 8 (Vcc) ca IC555 khng c ni vi ngun. Khi u d b t, th c mt dng in chy gia cc base v cc emiter ca trasistor v kha ca transistor s bt ln,transistor dn. Mt dng in ln hn t cc colector xung cc emiter , to tn hiu xung kch vo IC555 v loa s ku ln. Kha ON/OFF l b phn cung cp ngun v bn phi nh dng kim loi khng phn ng cjo ti xc vi u d.C th dng kim loi vng hoc bc bc u d t mt rle.Tuy nhin ,kim lai vng v bc s c thay th kinh t hn bng cch dng t mu veroboard. Chnh s thay th ny s lm cho kim loi khng b xy ha,nhng khi s hn ch dng chy qua cc base,chnh nguyn nhn tr khng cao lm cho s xy ha khng cn quan trng. in tr cc base khng cn thit ,tr khng dng l ti cc emiter ca transistor.

35. CNG BO NG
I .S MCH :

II. LINH KIN : - IC4093B - in tr : 10K ;38K ;100K - Bin tr VR1 100K - T in : 10nF,10F,100F - Kha Sw1,Sw2,Sw3,Sw4 - Diode: 1N4148 - Ngun DC 9V_15V - Chung

Page 38 of 40

Mch in t vui KTCN 11

ST : Hunh Quc Lm

III .NGUYN L HOT NG : Hnh 1 l s nguyn l ca cng bo ng n gin c cp ngun DC 9V_15V.IC1a l b dao ng nhanh,IC1b l b dao ng chm,m c kt ni vi IC1c pht ra mt ting ku mi khi cng c m(ca s).Mch d nh khng pht ra nhiu ting ku m cn a ra li cnh bo kh n tng:"Bn c ch ".R1 v D1 c th b b qua v tr s ca R2 c th c c gim , cng bo ng pht ra nhiu m thanh hn nh l li cnh bo.Bin tr R1 dng thay i tn s ca m thanh pht ra. IC1d l mt thit b hn gi ,chnh nh iu ny m cng bo ng c th pht ra t 20 n 30 ting ku khi c ngi i qua n tr khi n im hn, iu chng t :"cng bo ng th thng minh hn mt thit b n gin khc".C th thay chung S1 bng mt n Led,m n Led ny phi c mc ni tip vi mt in tr c gi tr khong 1K.

35. Active Antenna for AM/FM/SW:

This simple little circuit can be used for AM, FM, and Shortwave(SW). On the shortwave band this active antenna is comparable to a 20 to 30 foot wire antenna. It is further more designed to be used on receivers that use untuned wire antennas, such as inexpensive units and car radios. Parts List: R1 = 1M C1 = 470pF C2 = 470pF L1 = see text Q1 = MPF102, 2N4416, or NTE451 L1 can be selected for the application. A 470uH coil works on lower frequencies and lie in AM, for shortwave try a 20uH coil. This unit can be powered by a 9 volt alkaline battery. If a power supply is with a 0.04uF capacitor to antenna used on this circuit is type, but a thick piece of will also work fine. JFET-N-Channel, UHF/VHF Although many different types the MPF102, or the 2N4416-high-frequency response is set FET amplifier. The direct NTE451. Second runner up is the the antenna-input of your receiver.

used, bypass the power supply prevent noise pickup. The a standard 18-inch telescoping copper, bus-bar, or piano wire

The heart of this circuit is Q1, a amplifier in a TO-92 case. of FET's may be used--such as bear in mind that the overall by the characteristics of the replacement for the MPF102 is the 2N4416. Output is taken from jack J1 and run to

Page 39 of 40

Mch in t vui KTCN 11 ST : Hunh Quc Lm Although this little circuit can easily be mounted on a piece of vero-board, I have supplied the printed circuit board and layout diagram if you wish to make a printed circuit board. Source: "Popular Electronics" magazine, July 1989 issue. Posted with permission. Copyright Gernsback Publications, Inc. 1989. (Gernsback is no longer in business).

Page 40 of 40