Tng hp cng ngh x l nc thi sinh hot

CHNG I TNG QUAN V NC THI SINH HOT

Nc thi sinh hot l nc c s dng cho cc mc ch n ung, sinh hot, tm ra, v sinh nh ca ... ca cc khu dn c, cng trnh cng cng, c s dch v ...Nh vy, nc thi sinh hot c hnh thnh trong qu trnh sinh hot ca con ngi. Mt s cc hot ng dch v hoc cng cng nh bnh vin, trng hc, nh ncng to ra cc loi nc thi c thnh phn v tnh cht tng t nh nc thi sinh hot. Lng nc thi sinh hot ca khu dn c c xc nh trn c s nc cp. Tiu chun nc thi sinh hot ca cc khu dn c th thng l t 100 n 250 l/ngi/ngy (i vi cc nc ang pht trin) v t 150 n 500 l/ngi/ngy (i vi cc nc pht trin). Tiu chun cp nc cc th nc ta hin nay dao ng t 120 n 180 l/ngi/ngy. i vi khu vc nng thn, tiu chun nc thi sinh hot t 50 n 120 l/ngi/ngy. Tiu chun nc thi ph thuc vo tiu chun cp nc. Thng thng tiu chun nc thi sinh hot ly bng 80 n 100% tiu chun cp nc cho mc ch no . Ngoi ra, lng nc thi sinh hot ca khu dn c cn ph thuc vo iu kin trang thit b v sinh nh , c im kh hu thi tit v tp qun sinh hot ca nhn dn. Lng nc thi sinh hot ti cc c s dch v, cng trnh cng cng ph thuc vo loi cng trnh, chc nng, s ngi tham gia, phc v trong . Tiu chun thi nc ca mt s loi c s dch v v cng trnh cng cng ny c nu trong bng 1.1. Bng 1.1. Tiu chun thi nc ca mt s c s dch v v cng trnh cng cng. Ngun nc thi Nh ga, sn bay n v tnh Lu lng, l/ngy Hnh khch 7,5-15 Khch 152-212 Khch sn Nhn vin phc v 30-45 Nh n Ngi n 7,5-15 Siu th Ngi lm vic 26-50 Ging bnh 473-908 ( 500-600)* Bnh vin Nhn vin phc v 19-56 Trng i hc Sinh vin 56-113 B bi Ngi tm 19-45 Khu trin lm, gii tr Ngi tham quan 15-30 /Ngun :Metcalf&Eddy. Wastewater Engineering Treatment, Disposal, Reuse. Third Eition ,1991./ Lng nc thi tp trung ca th rt ln. Lng nc thi ca thnh ph 20 vn dn khong 40 n 60 nghn m3/ngy. Tng lng nc thi thnh ph H Ni(nm 2006) gn 500.000 nghn m3/ngy. Trong qu trnh sinh hot, con ngi x vo h thng thot nc mt lng cht bn nht nh, phn ln l cc loi cn, cht hu c, cc cht
Cng ty o c nh a hnh

Tng hp cng ngh x l nc thi sinh hot

dinh dng. nc ta Tiu chun TCXD 51:2007 quy nh v lng cht bn tnh cho mt ngi dn x vo h thng thot nc trong mt ngy theo bng 1.2 sau y. Bng 1.2. Lng cht bn ca mt ngi trong mt ngy x vo h thng thot nc (theo quy nh ca TCXD 51:2007 ). Cc cht Gi tr , g/ng.d - Cht l lng (SS ) 60 65 - BOD5 ca nc thi cha lng 65 - BOD5 ca nc thi lng 30 35 - Nit amn (N-NH4) 8 - Pht pht (P2O5) 3,3 - Clorua (Cl-) 10 Thnh phn nc thi sinh hot ph thuc vo tiu chun cp nc, c im h thng thot nc iu kin trang thit b v sinh... v c th tham kho theo bng 1.3 sau y. Bng 1.3. Thnh phn nc thi sinh hot khu dn c Ch tiu Trong khong Trung bnh Tng cht rn ( TS), mg/l 350-1.200 720 -Cht rn ho tan (TDS) , mg/l 250-850 500 -Cht rn l lng (SS), mg/l 100-350 220 -BOD5, mg/l 110-400 220 -Tng Nit, mg/l 20-85 40 -Nit hu c, mg/l 8-35 15 -Nit Amoni, mg/l 12-50 25 -Nit Nitrit, mg/l 0-0,1 0,05 -Nit Nitrat, mg/l 0,1-0,4 0,2 -Clorua, mg/l 30-100 50 - kim , mgCaCO3/l 50-200 100 -Tng cht bo, mg/l 50-150 100 -Tng Pht pho, mg/l 8 /Ngun :Metcalf&Eddy. Wastewater Engineering Treatment, Disposal, Reuse. Third Eition ,1991./ c trng ca nc thi sinh hot l hm lng cht hu c ln (t 50 n 55%), cha nhiu vi sinh vt, trong c vi sinh vt gy bnh. ng thi trong nc thi cn c nhiu vi khun phn hu cht hu c, cn thit cho cc qu trnh chuyn ho cht bn trong nc. Trong nc thi th cn c vi khun gy bnh pht trin, tng s coliform t 106 n 109 MPN/100ml, fecal coliform t 104 n 107 MPN/100ml. Nh vy nc thi sinh hot ca th, cc khu dn c v cc c s dch v, cng trnh cng cng c khi lng ln, hm lng cht bn cao, nhiu vi khun gy bnh l mt trong nhng ngun gy nhim chnh i vi mi trng nc.
Cng ty o c nh a hnh

Tng hp cng ngh x l nc thi sinh hot

CHNG II CNG NGH X L NC THI SINH HOT NGAY TI NGUN.

I. Nhng cng ngh ng dng ph bin ti Vit Nam. 1. B t hoi BASTAF: B t hoi ci tin vi cc vch ngn mng dng hng ln v ngn lc k kh (b BASTAF), c pht trin ti Trung tm k thut mi trng th v khu cng nghip (CEETIA), Trng i hc xy dng t nm 1998 n 2007, thay th cho b t hoi truyn thng hoc x l b sung sau b t hoi. M hnh ny ang c trin khai p dng rng ri x l nc thi sinh hot v t cc h hay nhm h gia nh, khu chung c cao tng, trng hc, vn phng lm vic, v.v.. B BASTAF cng c p dng x l mt s loi nc thi c thnh phn tnh cht tng t nh nc thi sinh hot nh nc thi ca cc bnh vin, x nghip cng nghip thc phm, cc lng ngh ch bin nng sn, thc phm v.V... - BASTAF l b phn ng k kh vi cc vch ngn mng v ngn lc k kh dng hng ln, c chc nng x l nc thi sinh hot v cc loi nc thi khc c thnh phn v tnh cht tng t nh nc thi sinh hot, hnh 2.1 s v nguyn l b BASTAF.

Nguyn tc, nc thi c a vo ngn th nht ca b, c vai tr lm ngn lng - ln men k kh, ng thi iu ho lu lng v nng cht bn trong dng nc thi. Nh cc vch ngn hng dng, nhng ngn tip theo, nc thi chuyn ng theo chiu t di ln trn, tip xc vi cc vi sinh vt k kh trong lp bn hnh
Cng ty o c nh a hnh

Tng hp cng ngh x l nc thi sinh hot

thnh y b trong iu kin ng, cc cht bn hu c c cc vi sinh vt hp th v chuyn ho, ng thi cho php tch ring 2 pha (ln men axit v ln men kim). BASTAF cho php tng thi gian lu bn, nh vy hiu sut x l tng trong khi lng bn cn x l li gim. Cc ngn cui cng l ngn lc k kh, c tc dng lm sch b sung nc thi, nh cc vi sinh vt k kh gn bm trn b mt cc ht ca vt liu lc, v ngn cn l lng tri ra theo nc. Cc lnh vc c th p dng: - S dng thay th cho cc b t hoi thng thng. - X l nc thi t cc h hay cc nhm h gia nh, khu chung c, nh cao tng, bit th khch sn, nh cng cng nh trng hc, vn phng lm vic... - X l nc thi c t l cht hu c cao nh nc thi cng nghip thc phm, nc thi t cc lng ngh ch bin nng sn, thc phm... u im cng ngh thit b:

- B BASTAF c th vn hnh n gin.

- Khng tn chi ph vn hnh, do khng s dng in nng, ho cht,... - Yu cu k thut trong lp t vn hnh n gin Nhc im: - Bastaf khng kim sot c pH u vo. Trong trng hp t bin, lng nc thi trong cc qu trnh tm, git ln c nhiu x phng, ha cht. S gy c ch hot ng ca cc vi sinh vt, lm gim hiu qu ca qu trnh x l. Gy tc b. - Bastaf ch thch hp dng cho cc h gia nh, dng cho cc Khu th nh vi yu cu nc thi u ra t TCVN 5945:2005 mc C trc khi i vo h thng x l tp trung. - t TCVN 5945: 2005 mc B, u ra Bastaf tip tc qua bi lc chng cy, m hnh Bastaf + bi lc chng cy 2 bc cho php t mc B, TCVN 5945 1995, hay TCVN 6772 - 2000 mc II. p dng m hnh ny cho cc Khu th cn phi c qu t ln. - Trong qu trnh hot ng Bastaf sinh ra mi hi, kh chu.

Cng ty o c nh a hnh

Tng hp cng ngh x l nc thi sinh hot

2. Cm thit b hp khi V69: S cng ngh h thng x l nc thi : Nc thi

Song chn rc

iu chnh pH

B iu ho v lng s b

Khng kh

Thit b hiu kh-ym kh kt hp (V69)

B nn bn

Cht kh trng B kh trng Ra mng thot nc

Cng ty o c nh a hnh

Tng hp cng ngh x l nc thi sinh hot

Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh x l : Nc thi t c chy theo h thng ng thu gom chy vo cc h thu gom nc thi. Trc khi chy vo h thu thi chy qua li chn rc 1 tch cc cn rc c kch thc ln (nylon, giy) c ln trong dng nc thi. Tip nc thi c a ti b iu ho lu lng kt hp lm thong s b (b cn bng). Ti b cn bng c lp t h thng lm thong s b khuy trn nc thi (trnh to iu kin k kh gy mi thi) ng thi b xy ho mt phn cc cht hu c trong nc thi. Do tnh cht ca nc thi sinh hot c cc cht dinh dng ( t l BOD:N:P = 100:5:1) cn thit cho qu trnh x l sinh hc nn y ta khng cn phi b sung cht dinh dng. T b cn bng nc thi c bm ln dn ng phn phi u trn din tch y b ca cc b sinh hc, nc thi c trn u vi khng kh c cp t mng ngoi v qua dn ng phn phi kh. Hn hp kh nc i cng chiu t di ln qua lp vt liu sinh hc - mng vi sinh bm trn gi th. Trong lp vt liu lc xy ra qu trnh kh BOD chuyn ho cc cht hu c nhim thnh nhng n cht v hi l nc v kh Cabonic, ng thi chuyn ho NH4+ thnh NO3- v sau l lp Nit t do. Lp vt liu lc c kh nng gi li cn l lng. y x l trit nc thi cc thng s nhim nh BOD , NH4+ . b iu ho, nh c cp kh nh mt phn COD v BOD5 c oxy ho. Qu trnh cp kh nh cung cp O2 cho qu trnh nitrit ho. Ngn 2 v 3 ca thit b l ngn ym kh. Ti 2 ngn ny xy ra cc qu trnh chuyn ho ym kh cc hp cht hu c, c bit l qu trnh phn Nitrat ho gin tip. Ngn 4 ca thit b c cp kh cho qu trnh oxy ho hon ton cc cht hu c, nh vy cc cht nhim hu c trong nc thi c loi b. Nc thi sau khi loi b cc cht hu c ti cc bn hc vi sinh c i vo b trn ho cht kh trng nc tit trng trc khi thi vo mi trng . Lng Clo d c th cn trong nc kh trng s c bay hi ht sau thi gian i lu trong knh 20 - 30 pht. Nc qua x l t tiu chun mc I - TCVN 5945: 2005 i vo h thng thot nc chung ca khu vc . */ u im cng ngh thit b:

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Tng hp cng ngh x l nc thi sinh hot

- Khng to ra nhiu bn, ch ph vn hnh h thng thp. - D vn hnh v t ng ha. - Tit kim din tch xy dng - D dng m rng quy m khi cn. */ Nhc im cng ngh thit b: - Chi ph u t ln - i hi nng lc ca ngi vn hnh cao.

Cng ty o c nh a hnh

Tng hp cng ngh x l nc thi sinh hot

Cng ty o c nh a hnh

Tng hp cng ngh x l nc thi sinh hot

3. Cm thit b hp khi Cn2000: S cng ngh

Nc thi nhim cc cht hu c kh phn hu

Song chn rc

H tp trung nc thi

B iu ha + x l s b v lng s cp My cp kh Bn thi

B phn hu bn

B n d

Thit b hp khi ( Cn-2000)

Cht keo t PACN - 95

B lng lamen

B kh trng nc t b cha bn

Thng cha clo lng

Ngun tip nhn

Nc thi t mng li thot nc loi b cc tp cht c kch thc ln ti song chn rc, sau c tp trung v h tp trung nc thi. Nc thi t h tp trung c bm vo b iu ha v lng bc 1. Ti y, nc thi trn vi ch phm vi sinh DW97 vi nng 2-3mg/l, bng phng php sc kh li dng cc vi sinh vt c sn trong nc thi duy tr trng thi l lng, oxi ha hp cht hu c thnh nhng cht n nh
Cng ty o c nh a hnh

Tng hp cng ngh x l nc thi sinh hot

thun li cho giai on x l tip theo. Mi trng hiu kh trong b t c do s dng my thi kh loi chm cung cp vi kch thc bt kh nh mn v trung bnh. Tip theo nc thi c bm ln thit b x l hp khi dng thp, thit b x l aerofill-aeroten c m vi sinh CN-2000 (m vi sinh ch to t vt liu nha hoc cc vt liu hu c khc c cc thng s: rng >90%, b mt ring 200 -250 m2/m3). Ti y thc hin 3 qu trnh x l sau: + Aerofil (trn kh cng bc) cng cao bng vic dng khng kh thi cng bc ht v y nc thi. + Aeroten kt hp biofilter dng xui c lp m vi sinh bm ngp trong nc. + Anareobic dng ngc vi vi sinh l lng. Sau , nc thi cng bn hot ha chuyn qua b lng lamen (m lamen c thng s : rng >95%, b mt ring 150-200m2/m3) tch khi bn hot ha v cn l lng hu c khc, ti b ny c ng cp ha cht keo t PACN95 ( 5-8mg/l) nhm to bng keo t v nng cao hiu sut lng. Phn nc trong s c kh trng bng dung dch Hypochloride Natri hoc Canxi (NaOCl hoc CaOCl2) ( nng 3-5g Cl2/m3 nc thi) ti b kh trng. Cui cng nc c x l t tiu chun TCVN 7382:2004 mc II, c thi ra mi trng. Phn bn, cn lng ngn lng v tng ngn x l sinh hoc c my bm hi lu bn hi lu mt phn bn hot ha tr li thit b sinh hc m bo nng x l, cn phn bn tha c bm v b cha bn. Ti y di tc dng ca vi khun ym kh, cc cht c trong bn cn s phn hy thnh kh Metan (CH4), H2S v b bn. Trn thc t, hm lng bn tch tc ti b cha bn l rt t. */ u im cng ngh thit b: - Cng ngh x l l cng ngh hin i bao gm y cc quy trnh x l ha l, ha hc v sinh hc. - Cc thit b c ch to theo nguyn l modul, hp khi, t ng, gn nh chim t khng gian v din tch, ph hp vi mi iu kin c s. - Lp t thit b n gin, gn nh v thun tin. Cng sut x l ti a ca mi thit b hp khi l 120 -150m3/ngy.m, ty thuc vo tng lu lng nc thi m c s modul thit b hp khi - Hiu qu x l cao, chi ph vn hnh thp. */ Nhc im: - i hi nng lc vn hnh cao, - Chi ph u t ln.
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4. Cum thit b hp khi Series QST. S cng ngh

*/ u im: - C th c chon ngm di mt t. - Khng c bn trong qu trnh x l. - Khng nh hng ti mi trng xung quanh. - T vn hnh thng cha v h thng hon ton t ng. - Vn hnh n gin - Tui th vn hnh lu. - H thng thit b c sp xp v xc nh theo khng gian thc t, khng cn tun th theo cc s v sp xp tiu chun. */ Nhc im: - Chi ph u t ln. - Kh khn trong vic bo dng v thay th. - i vi 1 cng sut thit k lun phi lp t 2 modul trong trng hp c s c th h thot nc vn hot ng bnh thng, trnh gy tc. - Ch thch hp x l nc thi vi quy m nh.

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5. Cm thit b hp khi USBF

(A) : Mng thu nc u vo; (B) :Ngn thiu kh; (C) : Ngn hiu kh; (D) : Ngn USBF; (E) : Cc thanh sc kh; (G) : ng thu bn; IV : v tr tun hon bn

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Tng hp cng ngh x l nc thi sinh hot

Nguyn tc hot ng ca m hnh M hnh c thit k nhm kt hp cc qu trnh loi b carbon (COD, BOD), qu trnh nitrat ho/kh nitrat v qu trnh loi b dinh dng (N v P). Nc thi c loi b rn, sau , c bm vo mng chy trn thu nc u vo cng trn ln vi dng tun hon bn. Hn hp nc thi v bn hot tnh chy vo ngn thiu kh. Ngn ny c vai tr nh l ngn chn lc thiu kh (Anoxic Selector) thc hin hai c ch chn lc ng hc (Kinetic Selection) v chn lc trao i cht (Metabolism Selection) lm tng cng hot ng ca vi sinh vt to bng nhm tng cng hot tnh ca bng bn v km hm s pht trin ca cc vi sinh vt hnh si gy vn bn v ni bt. Qu trnh loi b C, kh nitrat v loi b P din ra trong ngn ny. Sau , nc thi chy qua ngn hiu kh nh khe h di y ngn USBF. y xy c cung cp nh cc ng cung cp kh qua mt my bm. Nc thi sau ngn hiu kh chy vo ngn USBF v di chuyn t di ln, ngc chiu vi dng bn lng xung theo phng thng ng. y chnh l cng on th hin u im ca h thng do kt hp c lc v x l sinh hc ca chnh khi bn hot tnh. Phn nc trong c x l pha trn chy trn vo mng thu nc u ra. Mt phn hn hp nc thi v bn trong ngn ny c tun hon tr la ngn thiu kh.

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Tng hp cng ngh x l nc thi sinh hot

II. Nhng cng ngh ca nc ngoi. 1. Cum thit b hp khi JOHKASOU (Nht Bn) S cng ngh .

My cp kh

Cht dinh dng

PAC

Nc thi sinh hot

Tch rc

Ngn iu ho

Mng vi lc

Ngn phn Nitrat ho

Ngn Nitrat ho v Lc sinh hc

Ngn kh trng

Ngn cha bn

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Tng hp cng ngh x l nc thi sinh hot

Cu trc ca thit b lc sinh hc (MBR):

Thit b lc sinh hc bao gm Bung lc v Bung phn phi kh. Trong bung lc gm nhiu tm lc c kt ni vi nhau thnh 1 khi nh thanh c nh v ng thu nc. Trong bung phn phi kh c cc ng phn phi kh dng c l. Trong trng hp cn bo tr, c th tho cc bn lc ra bo tr. Lp mng lc c hn nn mt cu tm bn lc. Chng c lm t chlorinated polyethylene vi kch thc l l 0,4m. Cc tp cht trong nc c x l nh cc vinh sinh vt trn lp mng lc, i vo khong trng trn cc tm bn v v ng thu nc */ u im: - Thit b hin i, hiu qu x ly cao Dng hp khi nn c th xy ni hoc gm di t. D dng tng cng sut x l khi m rng quy m. Thit b khng ch loi b SS m cn loi b c cc hp cht kh phn hu nh cht ty ra bng cch tng thi gian lu ca bn. Hn na x l trit N v P c trong nc thi, nc thi c th c ti s dng. Khng cn thit phi tun hon bn duy tr nng vi sinh vt. Ch cn kim sot p lc xuyn qua mng v cht lng nc u vo. M kim sot 2 yu t ny hon ton c th d dng tm hiu. D dng t ng ho v iu khin t xa kim sot ton b qu trnh x l. cp kh ng vai tr tit kim nng lng, va cung cp xi cho qu trnh x l,
Cng ty o c nh a hnh

- H thng lc sinh hc c thit k vi nguyn tc tit kim nng lng. H thng

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Tng hp cng ngh x l nc thi sinh hot

va c tc dng lm sch b mt mng lc, khng gy tc nh to ra dng chy xoy. Lng bn hot tnh sinh ra t, cho nn chi ph ca vic x l bn l rt nh. */ Nhc im: Chi ph u t ln Yu cu cht lng nc u vo cht ch. S cng ngh

2. Cng ngh x l nc thi Bio-Sac (Hn Quc)

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Nc thi ==> K Kh ==> Thiu kh ==> Hiu kh (Bn hot tnh cng vi cc ht vt liu dnh bm Bio-SAC Media) ==> Lng 2 ==> Kh trng Ti b K kh, cc hp cht hu c s c hp thu bi cc vi khun ym kh v ng thi Photphat c gii phng, l ngun nng lng cho s pht trin ca cc vi sinh vt. Ti b thiu kh, NO3-N c trong nc ti hi t b gim DO s c lm gim bi cc v khun loi kh Nit v chuyn thnh kh N2. Ti b phn ng Bio-SAC: cc vi khun oxy ha cc hp cht tr thnh NO 2-N v NO3-N. Lng Photphat tha s c hp thu bi cc vt liu trung gian bm dnh v c lu gi ti y. Ti y cc dng kh t y kt hp vi cc vch thit k c bit s to dng xoy khuy trng bn y. B gim DO: Nc thi vo b ny vn cn lng oxy ha tan kh cao, lng oxy ny s lm gim i v nc c lm gim oxy ha tan ny s quay vng li b thiu kh gip cho cc phn ng kh Nit din ra thun li hn. */ u im: - c thit k vi cc tm chn c bit ngn tr dng chy to ra lc xoy o trn. - C lng cht rn huyn ph ca cht lng hn hp (bn hot tnh) cao (do cc qu trnh ti hi bn ni b) dn n gim n ti thiu thi gian lu nc trong cc b phn ng. - C bn v kh nng x l cao i vi cc ngun thi nhim cao v chu c s bin ng tht thng. - H thng c thit k theo nguyn tc modul c kch thc gn nh, d dng nng cp m rng. - D dng t ng ha, vn hnh n gin. - H thng c th xy gm di t, tit kim c qu t khng nh hng ti kin trc ca cc cng trnh xung quanh. - Gi thnh hp l.

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CHNG III CNG NGH X L NC THI SINH HOT TP TRUNG.

I. Cng ngh x l theo phng php bn hot tnh l lng (B Aeroten): S cng ngh
Nc thi sinh hot
B THU GOM (TK-101) Cn rc

SONG CHN RC (SC01-01/02)

B TIP NHN (TK-101) Cn rc

CHN LP

NaOH

MY LC RC (SC02-01)

Nc d

B IU HO (TK-102)

Bn

B LNG I (TK-103)

My Thi Kh (ABRL-01-0203/03)

B NN BN (TK-108)

Bn tun hon Bn d

B AEROTANK (TK-104)

B LNG II (TK-105) B KH TRNG (TK-106)

SN PHI BN (TK-109)

BN LC P LC (TK-107)

Ho cht Chlorine

Chn lp

t TCVN 5945 2005, Loi A

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Tng hp cng ngh x l nc thi sinh hot

Nc thi sinh hot, c tch ring vi nc ma theo h thng thot nc bn tp trung v b tip nhn TK-101 ca trm x l nc thi tp trung vi lu lng trung bnh 34-40m3/gi. Trc khi vo trm bm cp 1 (P-01), nc thi c dn qua thit b lc rc th SC01-01 loi b cn rn th c kch thc ln hn 20mm ra khi dng thi. T trm bm cp 1, nc thi c 02 bm nhng chm bm ln thit b lc rc tinh SC02-01 loi b cc cn rn tinh c kch thc ln hn 2mm. Sau , nc s t chy vo b iu ho, dung dch NaOH cng c chm vo b nng pH ca nc thi (ch hot ng khi pH < 6). B iu ho TK-102 c nhim v iu ha lu lng v nng ca nc thi. B iu ho c b tr mt h thng sc kh nhm to s xo trn nc thi trnh hin tng lng cn v phn hy k kh trong b ny, to mi trng ng nht cho dng thi trc khi qua cc bc x l tip theo. Nc thi t b iu ho s c 02 bm cp 2 (P-02) bm sang b lng I (TK-103) loi b s b cc loi cn lng, sau nc thi s t chy vo b x l sinh hc hiu kh kt hp l lng bn hot tnh Aerotank TK-104. Phn cn lng y b lng I s c bm bn d bm v b nn bn TK-108. Trong b Aerotank TK-104, qu trnh x l sinh hc hiu kh din ra nh vo lng oxy ha tan trong nc, mt lng oxy thch hp c cung cp cho bn hot tnh phn hy cc cht hu c c trong nc thi. Hu ht cc cht nhim hu c c s dng duy tr s sng ca vi khun, v vy ch c mt lng nh bn hot tnh c sinh ra. T ngn Aerotank, nc thi sau x l c dn vo b lng II (TK-105), y s din ra qu trnh tch bn hot tnh v nc thi qua x l sinh hc. T b lng II, sau khi nc thi c tch cn th phn cn s c dn v b nn bn (TK-108), phn nc trong bn trn tip tc chy qua b kh trng (TK-106), ti y nc thi s c tip xc vi ho cht chlorine theo dng chy ziczc nhm to thi gian tip xc gia nc thi v ho cht kh trng. Sau , ton b lng nc thi s c 02 bm cp 3 (P-03) bm qua bn lc p lc (TK-107) loi b cc cn l lng cn st li, m bo nc thi sau x l lun t tiu chun x thi Loi A, TCVN 5945 2005 trc khi thi ra mi trng. V cng tc x l bn v cn rc: b lng I (TK-103), cn lng c gom vo h trung tm ca b lng v c bm v b nn bn TK-108.

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Tng hp cng ngh x l nc thi sinh hot

b lng II (TK-105), phn ln bn hot tnh sau khi lng c bm bn tun hon bm tr v b Aerotank duy tr chc nng sinh hc v gi nng bn trong b ny mc c nh. Lng bn sinh hc d s c bm bn d bm v b nn bn TK-108. Vi thi gian lu thch hp, bn trong b nn bn c nn t nng 1% ln 22,5%, sau c bm ra sn phi bn (TK-109), ti y xy ra qu trnh bc hi t nhin. Bnh bn sau khi phi kh c em i chn lp theo quy nh hoc c s dng lm phn bn cho nng nghip. Nc d ca b nn bn c dn v b iu ho tip tc qu trnh x l. */ u im: - Vn hnh n gin, chi ph o to bi dng nhn lc vn hnh thp. - D dng t ng ha hoc bn t ng. */Nhc im: - Tn qu t ln cho vic xy ng. - Kh khn trong vic x l khi m rng quy m v cng sut. - Lng bn sinh ra trong qu trnh vn hnh ln cho nn chi ph dnh cho vic x l bn ln. - S dng sn phi bn tuy chi ph x l bn c gim nhng d b nh hng ca thi tit.

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Tng hp cng ngh x l nc thi sinh hot

II. Cng ngh x l hiu kh, thiu kh kt hp, s dng mng lc sinh hc (JOHKASOU ca Nht Bn ng dng cho x l tp trung vi cng sut ln, c p dng ti x l nc thi sinh hot KCN Bc Thng Long):

Nc thi sinh hot

B THU GOM (TK-101) Cn rc

SONG CHN RC (SC01-01/02)

Bn

B TIP NHN (TK-101) Cn rc

CHN LP

MY LC RC (SC02-01)

Nc d

B IU HO (TK-102)

B THIU KH (TK-103) Nc thi tun hon li mt phn

My Thi Kh (ABRL-01-0203/03)

B NN BN (TK-108)

Bn d

B HIU KH (TK-104)

B MBR (TK-105) B KH TRNG (TK-106)

SN PHI BN (TK-109)

Chn lp t TCVN 5945 2005, Loi A

Ho cht Chlorine

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Tng hp cng ngh x l nc thi sinh hot

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Tng hp cng ngh x l nc thi sinh hot

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Tng hp cng ngh x l nc thi sinh hot

III. Cng ngh s dng b SBR

Nc thi sinh hot

Chn rc th/lng ct

Rc

B tip nhn

TB tch rc tinh

Rc

B tch du

Khng kh

B iu ha

/chnh pH

Bn d B chnh pH

B m

B cha bn

B SBR

B nn bn

Cht kh trng

B kh trng

My p bn

Thi ra ngun tip nhn TCVN 6980-2001 v TCVN 5945-2005

Bnh bn

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Tng hp cng ngh x l nc thi sinh hot

Nc thi s c thu gom qua h thng ng ng chy v b lng ct trc khi n b tip nhn tch ct ra khi nc thi. Song chn rc th c t pha u b loi b cc loi rc c kch thc ln hn 10mm ra khi nc thi. Cc thit b ny c cc u im sau: - Ngn chn s mi mn ng c bm ti cc chu trnh x l n v tip theo. - Ngn chn cc cht l trong b x l sinh hc m c th gy kt t thnh cc cht rn ni trong b sinh hc dn n h thng x l km hiu qu. Sau khi qua thit b lc rc, nc thi t chy vo b lng ct ngang. Ct b lng ct s c bm n sn phi ct tch nc. Ct sau khi phi v rc thi song chn rc c loi b nh k. Bm chm c s dng vn chuyn nc thi n b iu ho. B tch du v b iu ho Trc b iu ho c t mt thit b lc rc tinh tip tc loi b cc cht rn c kch thc ln hn 5mm ra khi nc thi. Sau nc thi n b tch du loi b du, m ra khi nc thi bi nhng thnh phn ny rt kh phn hu sinh hc, chng s ph v h thng sinh hc pha sau. V c tnh ti u ca h thng x l, b iu ho khng th thiu trong cng ngh x l nc thi. B iu ho dng lu lng xuyn sut trm x l, gim ng k dao ng thnh phn nc thi i vo cc cng on pha sau. Trong sut gi cao im, lu lng nc thi d s c gi li trong b iu ho. Hn na b iu ho cn c mt s thun li nh: Cn bng lu lng s bin ng lu lng nh nht. Cn bng ti lng cc cht hu c. Cn bng pH. m bo tnh lin tc c h thng v cc n v pha sau hot ng hiu qu. Kim sot cc cht c c tnh cao. Kh mi tng i.

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Tng hp cng ngh x l nc thi sinh hot

My thi kh c s dng iu ho lu lng cng nh nng ca nc thi. B ny cn c vai tr nh b cha khi h thng dng li sa cha hoc bo tr. B chnh pH, u tin s chnh pH n mt gi tr nht nh, sau ho cht keo t to bng c s dng nh l cht kt dnh cc thnh phn l lng c kch thc nh thnh cc bng cn c kch thc ln. Cc bng cn ny s d dng lng b lng Ho hc. B m B m c thit k phn phi phn phi nc thi n h thng hiu kh pha sau. Ti y ho cht chnh pH s chm vo chnh pH v gi tr trung ho, to iu kin cho vi sinh vt pht huy ht kh nng x l ca chng trong h thng x l sinh hc. B SBR B SBR l b x l nc thi theo phng php sinh hc theo quy trnh phn ng tng m lin tc. Quy trnh ny tun hon vi chu k thi gian sinh trng gin on m kh nng thch ng vi mt s a dng ca qu trnh bn hot tnh - nh l khuy trn hon chnh theo li thng thng, tho lu lng, tip xc n nh v cc chu trnh sc kh ko di. Mi b SBR mt chu k tun hon bao gm LM Y, SC KH, LNG, CHT, v NGH. Bi thao tc vn hnh nh trng hp gin on ny, cng c nhiu kh nng kh nitrit v phtpho. Phn ng b SBR khng ph thuc n v x l khc v chng hot ng lin tc trong chu trnh em li nhiu li ch kinh t nh: Cc u im ca quy trnh SBR: Kt cu n gin v bn hn. Hot ng d dng v gim i hi sc ngi. Thit k chc chn. C th lp t tng phn v d dng m rng thm. Hiu qu x l cht nhim cao. Cnh tranh gi ci t v vn hnh. Kh nng kh c Nit va Photpho cao. n nh v linh hot bi thay i ti trng.

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Tng hp cng ngh x l nc thi sinh hot

Chu trnh SBR thng thng, khng gy vng cho cc bt kh mn ra khi mng a phn phi c dng cung cp nhu cu oxy t my thi kh cho s sinh trng ca vi khun. Tc quay chm ca qut gi v ca thit b trn chm c xem nh cch thay i lun phin khc ca thit b thi kh cho quy trnh SBR. Quy trnh thay i lun phin trong b SBR khng lm mt kh nng kh BOD COD kh nng kh trn 90%. V d, phn hu ym kh, qu trnh tip xc ym kh, lc ym kh, lc tip xc, lc sinh hc nh git, tip xc sinh hc dng a, b bn hot tnh c truyn v h sinh hc hiu kh ch c th kh c BOD khong 50 80%. V vy, vic thay i lun phin c theo sau giai on khc nh h thng truyn kh hay h thng oxy ho tan. H thng SBR yu cu vn hnh theo chu k iu khin qu trnh x l. Hot ng chu k kim sot ton b cc giai on ca quy trnh x l bao gm: thi gian nc vo, thi gian xc kh, thi gian lng v thi gian tho nc. Mi bc lun phin s c chn la k lng da trn hiu bit chuyn mn v cc phn ng sinh hc.

Giai on Lm y: a nc thi lng qui nh trc vo b Giai on Sc kh: Cc phn ng sinh ho hot ng nh vo vic cung Giai on Lng: Sau khi oxy ho sinh hc xy ra, bn c lng v nGiai on Cht: Nc ni trn b mt sau thi gian lng (nc u ra Giai on ngh: Thi gian ngh trong khi i np m mi.

SBR v n bt u cc cht nhim sinh hc b thi ra. cp kh, sinh khi tng hp BOD, Ammonia v Nito hu c. c ni trn b mt to lp mng phn cc bn nc t trng. x l) c tho ra khi b SBR m khng c cn no theo sau. Bi thao tc thi gian tun hon nh trn, b phn ng SBR thm nhiu hiu qu x l BOD, Ammonia, Org-N v cc cht khc. Sau b SBR khng cn c b lng 2, vo giai on tho nc, nc trong c cht ra khi b v n b kh trng nhm tit trng nc thi trc khi thi ra ngun tip nhn. B kh trng
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Tng hp cng ngh x l nc thi sinh hot

Nc thi sau khu x l bng phng php sinh hc cn ch nhiu vi khun. Hu ht cc loi vi khun c trong nc thi khng phi l vi trng gy bnh, nhng khng loi tr kh nng tn ti mt vi loi vi khun gy bnh no . V vy, trc khi x ra mi trng, nc thi c a n b kh trng, Natri Hypochlorite c xut tiu hu cc vi khun trong dng nc ra. B cha bn Bn cn ca nc thi l hn hp ca nc v cn lng c cha nhiu hp cht hu c c kh nng phn hu, d b thi ra v c cc vi khun c th gy c hi cho mi trng v th cn phi x l trc khi thi ra ngun tip nhn. Bn d t b SBR v bn t b lng c a v b cha bn. B ny thit k tch nc mt phn t trc khi a bn n may p. Nc tch bn t chy v b tip nhn. Bn nn s c bm n my p bn. H thng tch nc khi bn. T b cha bn, bn c bm vo my p bn tch bt nc ra khi bn. Nc sau khi p ra phi c a v li tip nhn x l li. Bn sau khi p c th vn chuyn i x l nh cht thi rn. u im: K thut SBR c xem l h x l thch hp nht v tng i thch hp xy dng ni c qu t nh, Li im ca k thut SBR th hin: - Do tnh cht iu chnh qu trnh x l theo thi gian nn linh hot ca n cao hn cc qu trnh khc. - Cc k thut khc (bn hot tnh cao ti, mng oxi ha..) s dng nhiu khng gian, cn tng b ring cho mi cng on x l. - K thut SBR cho php thay i thi gian lu thy lc cho mi qu trnh trong chu trnh x l do vy c th ng ph tt vi s dao ng ca dng ti u vo. - K thut SBR s dng rt t cc cng ngh, v vy s n gin ha khu vn hnh, xy dng. H cn t ng ng ni b, cc b u c dng hp khi, dng chung tng ngn.

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Tng hp cng ngh x l nc thi sinh hot

- K thut SBR cho php thc hin mi qu trnh x l sinh hc trong mt b (lng s cp, oxi ha cht hu c, nitrat ha, kh nitrat, tch photpho, lng th cp) v vy n rt gn. K thut SBR s dng rt t thit b c kh, in. Lm gim vn xy dng, vn hnh v bo dng. - K thut SBR l t hp modul vi tng modul l cc b c lp nn d m rng v nng cp. l s khc bit ln so vi xy dng mng oxi ha v b bn hot tnh ci tin. - S dng cc thit b iu khin v cc n v kim sot tinh cho php t ng ha qu trnh x l nc thi, iu ny lm tinh gim thao tc vn hnh, gim gi vn hnh. - K thut SBR vi c im vn hnh cho php kim sot vi sinh vt dng si, kim sot kh lng.

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