Professional Documents
Culture Documents
N MN HC 2
MC LC
CHNG I...............................................................................................2
KIN THC B TR...................................................................................2
I. TNG QUAN V VI IU KHIN MCS-51.....................................................2
1. Gii Thiu...........................................................................................................2
2. Vi iu khin AT89C51...........................................................................................2
3. S khi AT89C51..............................................................................................3
4. S chn AT89C51..............................................................................................3
5. T chc b nh.....................................................................................................6
6. Cc lnh trong 89C51............................................................................................9
II. LM35...............................................................................................12
III.
LCD..............................................................................................13
CHNG II............................................................................................15
O NHIT .........................................................................................15
I. H THNG O LNG.........................................................................15
1. Gii thiu..........................................................................................................15
2. H thng o lng s...........................................................................................15
II. CC PHNG PHP O NHIT ..........................................................16
CHNG III...........................................................................................18
CHUYN I TNG T S....................................................................18
I. KHI NIM CHUNG.............................................................................18
II. GII THIU V IC ADC 0809..................................................................18
CHNG IV...........................................................................................21
TNH TON THIT K..............................................................................21
I. THIT K S KHI........................................................................21
II. NGUYN L HOT NG V NHIM V TNG KHI..................................21
1. Nguyn l hot ng:...........................................................................................21
2. Khi cm bin:...................................................................................................21
3. Khi chuyn i tng t sang s:...........................................................................21
4. Khi x l :........................................................................................................21
5. Khi hin th:.....................................................................................................21
CHNG V............................................................................................22
TNH TON THIT K MCH.....................................................................22
I. KHI CM BIN V KHI IN P CHUN:..............................................22
II. KHI CHUYN I TNG T SANG S..................................................22
III.
KHI X L...................................................................................23
IV.
KHI HIN TH...............................................................................23
CHNG VI...........................................................................................24
THI CNG MCH....................................................................................24
I. S NGUYN L.............................................................................24
II.
S MCH IN...............................................................................24
III.
LU GII THUT........................................................................25
IV.
CHNG TRNH VI IU KHIN..........................................................25
I. KT QU SAU KHI THI CNG MCH.......................................................30
II. HNG PHT TRIN MCH...................................................................30
III.
NG DNG CA MCH.....................................................................30
NG DNG CA MCH
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N MN HC 2
CHNG I
KIN THC B TR
I. TNG QUAN V VI IU KHIN MCS-51
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N MN HC 2
4. S chn AT89C51
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N MN HC 2
+ Chc nng IO (xut / nhp): dng cho cc thit k nh. Tuy nhin, khi dng chc
nng ny th Port 0 phi dng thm cc in tr ko ln (pull-up), gi tr ca in tr
ph thuc vo thnh phn kt ni vi Port.
+Khi dng lm ng ra, Port 0 c th ko c 8 ng TTL.
+Khi dng lm ng vo, Port 0 phi c set mc logic 1 trc .
+ Chc nng a ch / d liu a hp: khi dng cc thit k ln, i hi phi s dng
b nh ngoi th Port 0 va l bus d liu (8 bit) va l bus a ch (8 bit thp).
+ Ngoi ra khi lp trnh cho AT89C51, Port 0 cn dng nhn m khi lp trnh v
xut m khi kim tra (qu trnh kim tra i hi phi c in tr ko ln).
- Port 1: (chn 1 8) ch c mt chc nng l IO, khng dng cho mc ch khc (ch
trong 8032/8052/8952 th dng thm P1.0 v P1.1 cho b nh thi th 3).
+ Ti port 1 c in tr ko ln nn khng cn thm in tr ngoi. Port 1 c kh
nng ko c 4 ng TTL v cn dng lm 8 bit a ch thp trong qu trnh lp trnh
hay kim tra.
+ Khi dng lm ng vo, Port 1 phi c set mc logic 1 trc .
- Port 2 : (chn 21 28) l port c 2 chc nng:
+ Chc nng IO (xut / nhp): c kh nng ko c 4 ng TTL. Khi dng lm ng
vo, Port 2 phi c set mc logic 1 trc .
+ Chc nng a ch: dng lm 8 bit a ch cao khi cn b nh ngoi c a ch
+ 16 bit. Khi , Port 2 khng c dng cho mc ch IO.
+ Khi lp trnh, Port 2 dng lm 8 bit a ch cao hay mt s tn hiu iu khin.
- Port 3: (chn 10 17) l port c 2 chc nng:
+ Chc nng IO: c kh nng ko c 4 ng TTL. Khi dng lm ng vo, Port 3
phi c set mc logic 1 trc .
+ Chc nng khc c m t trong bng 1.1.
Bng 1.1: Chc nng cc chn ca Port 3
Bit
Tn
Chc nng
P3.0
RxD
Ng vo port ni tip
P3.1
TxD
Ng ra port ni tip
P3.2
INT0
Ngt ngoi 0
P3.3
INT1
Ngt ngoi 1
P3.4
T0
Ng vo ca b nh thi 0
P3.5
T1
Ng vo ca b nh thi 1
P3.6
WR
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P3.7
RD
N MN HC 2
- NGUN:
+
5. T chc b nh
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N MN HC 2
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N MN HC 2
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N MN HC 2
PSEN cn b nh d liu c truy xut thng qua chn WR hay RD. Lu rng vic
truy xut b nh chng trnh lun s dng a ch 16 bit cn b nh d liu c th l 8
bit hay 16 bit tu theo cu lnh s dng. Khi dng b nh d liu 8 bit th c th dng
Port 2 nh Port I/O thng thng cn khi dng ch 16 bit th Port 2 ch dng lm
cc bit a ch cao. Port 0 c dng lm a ch thp/ d liu a hp. Tn hiu ALE
tch byte a ch v a vo b cht ngoi.
+ Trong chu k ghi, byte d liu s tn ti Port 0 va trc khi WR tch cc v
c gi cho n khi WR khng tch cc.Trong chu k c, byte nhn c chp nhn
va trc khi RD khng tch cc.
+ B nh chng trnh ngoi c x l 1 trong 2 iu kin sau:
+ Tn hiu EA tch cc ( = 0).
+ Gi tr b m chng trnh (PC: Program Counter) ln hn kch thc b nh.
6. Cc lnh trong 89C51
Cc chi tit thit lp lnh:
Rn
:thanh ghi R0 n R7 ca bank thanh ghi c chn.
Data
:8 bit a ch vng d liu bn trong. N c th l vng ram d liu trong
(0 127 ) hoc cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit.
@Ri
: 8 bit vng ram d liu trong (0-125) c nh gi a ch gin tip qua
thanh ghi R0 hoc R1
#data
:hng 8 bit chc trong cu lnh
#data 16
:hng 16 bit cha trong cu lnh
Addr 16
:16 bit a ch ch c dung trong cu lnh LCALL v LJMP
Addr11
:11 bit a ch ch c dung trong cu lnh LCALL v AJMP
Rel
:byte offset 8 bit c du c dung trong cu lnh SJMP v nhng lnh
nhy c iu kin.
Bit
:Bit c nh a ch trc tip trong RAM d liu ni hoc cc thanh
ghi chc nng c bit.
Nhm lnh x l ton hc: ( s byte , chu k my )
ADD A,Rn
(1,1): cng thanh ghi Rn vo thanh ghi A.
ADD A,data
(2,1):Cng trc tip vo thanh ghi A.
ADD A,@Ri
(1,1):Cng gin tip ni dung RAM cha ti a ch c khai bo
trong Ri vo thanh ghi A
ADD A,#data
(2,1):Cng d liu tc thi vo A
ADD A,Rn
(1,1):Cng thanh ghi v c nh vo A.
ADD A,data
(2,1):Cng trc tip byte d lu v c nh vo A.
ADDC A,@Ri
(1,1):Cng gin tip ni dung RAM v c nh vo A.
ADDC A,#data
(2,1):Cng d liu tc thi v c nh vo A.
SUBB A,Rn
(1,1):Tr ni dung thanh ghi A cho ni dung thanh ghi Rn v c nh.
SUBB A,data
(2,1):Tr trc tip A cho mt s v c nh.
SUBB A,@Ri
(1,1):Tr gin tip A cho mt s v c nh.
SUBB A,data
(2,1):Tr ni dung A cho mt s tc thi v c nh.
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INC A
INC Rn
INC data
INC @Ri
DEC A
DEC Rn
DEC data
DEC @Ri
INC DPTR
MUL AB
DIV AB
Nhm lnh lun l
ANL A,Rn
ANL A,data
ANL A,@Ri
ANL A,#data
ANL data,A
ANL data,#data
ANL C,bit
ANL C,/bit
ORL A,Rn
ORL A,data
ORL A,@Ri
ORL A,#data
ORL data,A
ORL data,#data
ORL C,bit
ORL C,/bit
XRL A,Rn
XRL A,data
XRL A,@Ri
XRL A,#data
XRL data,A
XRL data,#data
SETB C
SETB bit
CLR A
C
CPL A
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CPL C
CPL bit
RL A
N MN HC 2
(1,1):B c nh.
(2,1):B mt bit trc tip.
(1,1):Quay ni dung thanh ghi A.
RLCA
(1,1):Quay tri thanh ghi A qua c nh.
RR A
(1,1):Quay phi ni dung thanh ghi A
RRC A
(1,1):Quay tri ni dung thanh ghi A c c nh.
SWAP
(1,1):Quay tri ni dung thanh ghi A 1 nibble(1/2 byte).
Nhm lnh chuyn d liu:
MOV A,Rn
(1,1):Chuyn ni dung thanh ghi Rn vo thanh ghi A.
MOV A,data
(2,1):Chuyn d liu trc tip vo thanh ghi A.
MOV A,@Ri
(1,1):Chuyn d liu gin tip vo thanh ghi A.
MOV A,#data
(2,1)chuyn d liu tc thi vo thanh ghi A.
MOV Rn,data
(2,2):Chuyn d liu trc tip vo thanh ghi Rn.
MOV Rn,#data
(2,2):Chuyn d liu tc thi vo thanh ghi Rn.
MOV data,A
(2,1):Chuyn ni dung thanh ghi A vo mt d liu trc tip.
MOV data,Rn
(2,2):Chuyn ni dung thanh ghi Rn vo mt d liu trc tip.
MOV data,data
(2,2):Chuyn mt d liu trc tip vo mt d liu trc tip.
MOV data,@Ri
(2,2):Chuyn mt d liu gin tip vo mt d liu gin tip.
MOV data,#data (3,2): Chuyn mt d liu tc thi vo mt d liu trc tip.
MOV @Ri,A
(1,1):Chuyn ni dung thanh ghi A vo mt d liu gin tip.
MOV @Ri,data
(1,1):Chuyn mt d liu trc tip vo mt d liu gin tip.
MOV @Ri,#data (1,1):Chuyn mt d liu tc thi vo mt d liu gin tip.
MOV DPTR,#data(3,2):Chuyn mt hng 16 bit vo thanh ghi con tr d liu. MOV
C,bit
(2,1):Chuyn mt bit trc tip vo c nh
MOV bit,C
(2,2):Chuyn c nh vo mt bit trc tip.
MOV A,@A+DPTR(1,2):Chuyn byte b nh chng trnh c a ch l @A+DPTR vo
thanh ghi A.
MOVC A,@A+PC (1,2): Chuyn byte b nh chng trnh c a ch l @A+PC vo
thanh ghi A.
MOV A,@Ri
(1,2):Chuyn d liu ngoi (8 bit a ch) vo thanh ghi A
MOVX A,@DPTR(1,2):Chuyn d liu ngoi (16 bit a ch) vo thanh ghi A
MOVX @Ri,A
(1,2):Chuyn ni dung A ra d liu ngoi (8 bit a ch).
MOVX @DPTR,A (1,2):Chuyn ni dung A ra d liu bn ngoi (16 bit a ch)
PUSH data
(2,2):Chuyn d liu trc tip vo ngn xp v tng SP
POP data
(2,2):Chuyn d liu trc tip vo ngn xp v gim SP
XCH A,Rn
(1,1):Trao i d liu gia thanh ghi Rn V thanh ghi A
XCH A,data
(2,1):trao i gia thanh ghi A vi d liu trc tip
XCH A,@Ri
(1,1):trao i gia thanh ghi A vi d liu gin tip
XCHD,@R
(1,1):trao i gia nibble thp (LSN) ca thanh ghi A v LSN ca d
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MSSV: 1091010018
N MN HC 2
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N MN HC 2
i ca nhit .
+ Tiu tn cng sut thp.
+ in p lm vic t 4V-30V v c tch hp b nh dng lm vic bn
trong nn cn in tr hn dng bn ngoi.
II.LCD
C rt nhiu li LCD vi nhiu hnh dng v kch thc khc nhau, trn
hnh 1 l hai li LCD thng dng.
Hnh 11 : LCD
Khi sn xut LCD, nh sn xut tch hp chp iu khin (HD44780)
bn trong lp v v ch a cc chn giao tip cn thit. Cc chn ny c
nh s th t v t tn nh hnh :
Tn
Chc nng
VSS
VDD
Vee
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N MN HC 2
RS
R/W
Chn cho php (Enable). Sau khi cc tn hiu c t ln bus DB0DB7, cc lnh ch c chp nhn khi c 1 xung ch php ca chn E.
+ ch ghi: D liu bus s c LCD chuyn vo(chp
nhn) thanh ghi bn trng n khi pht hin mt xung (high-to-low
transition) ca tn hiu chn E.
+ ch c: D liu s c LCD xut ra DB0-DB7 khi pht
hin cnh ln (low- to-high transition) chn E v c LCD gi
bus n khi no chn E xung mc thp.
DB0DB7
7-14
CHNG II
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N MN HC 2
O NHIT
I. H THNG O LNG
1. Gii thiu
thc hin php o ca mt i lng no th tu thuc vo c tnh ca i
lng cn o,iu kin o,cng nh chnh xc theo yu cu ca mt php o m
ta c th thc hin o bng nhiu cch khc nhau trn c s ca cc h thng o
lng khc nhau.
S khi
i lng o
Cm
bin
Ch bin
Tn hiu
Dn knh
tng t
Vi x l
ADC
Hin Th
S dng
kt qu
Cm
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DM
Ch bin
Tn hiu
15
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i lng o
iu khin chn
Chng
trnh
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CHNG III
CHUYN I TNG T S
I. KHI NIM CHUNG
Ngy nay vic truyn t tn hiy cng nh qu trnh iu khin v ch th phn ln
c thc hin theo phng php s. Trong khi tn hiu t nhin c dng tng t nh:
nhit , p sut, cng nh sng, tc quay, tn hiu m thanh kt ni gia
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N MN HC 2
START
EOC
2 -5 IN
OE INCLKINVCC REF GND 2 -7-1
IN1
ININ
IN
IN
C ALE 2 2 -2
3
4
5
6A
7B
28
ADC0809
2
1
0
2 -3
2 -4
2 -8 REF
14152 -6
ngha cc chn:
. IN0 n IN7
: 8 ng vo tng t.
. A, B, C
: gii m chn mt trong 8 ng vo
. Z-1 n Z-8
: ng ra song song 8 bit
. ALE
: cho php cht a ch
. START
: xung bt u chuyn i
. CLK : xung ng h
. REF (+): in th tham chiu (+)
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N MN HC 2
IN0
IN1
IN2
IN3
IN4
IN5
IN6
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N=
N MN HC 2
256.(VIN Vref ( ) )
Vref ( + ) Vref ( )
C1
k2
0 2
9
7 4
1
L S
2 0
1
1 4
A
C
2
7
4 L
- A
C 2 0
1 0 2
D
8
14
14
S dng mch dao ng dng cc cng not to dao ng cho ADC nh sau:
Tn s dao ng ca mch l f =
1
3RC
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N MN HC 2
CHNG IV
TNH TON THIT K
I. THIT K S KHI
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CHNG V
TNH TON THIT K MCH
I. KHI CM BIN V KHI IN P CHUN:
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N MN HC 2
IV.KHI HIN TH
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N MN HC 2
CHNG VI
THI CNG MCH
I. S NGUYN L
II. S MCH IN
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N MN HC 2
c gi tr t ADC
i gi tr nhit
thnh m LCD
a m LCD ra LCD
hin th
Kt thc
EQU
EQU
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01H
0CH
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N MN HC 2
; ***SYSTEM INSTRUCTIONS***
CONFIG
EQU
ENTRYMODE EQU
38H
06H
;===========================================
ORG 0000H
;======================================
MAIN:
MOV R1,#250
MOV R2,#100
N1:
DJNZ R1,N1
MOV R1,#250
DJNZ R2,N1
CALL
INITLCD
CALL
MSG1
;=============================================
LAP1: CALL DELAY_500US
INC R3
CJNE R3,#250,LAP1
MOV R3,#0
INC R4
CJNE R4,#20,LAP1
MOV R3,#0
MOV R4,#0
CALL DISPLAY1
CALL READ_NHIET
LOOP: MOV R5,#10
CNN:
MOV R3,#250
CNN1: CALL DELAY_500US
DJNZ R3,CNN1
DJNZ R5,CNN
CALL READ_NHIET
JMP LOOP
;------------------------------------INITLCD:
MOV
R6, #CONFIG; FUNCTION SET - DATA BITS,
CALL
WRLCDCOM
MOV
R6, #ONDSP ; DISPLAY ON
CALL
WRLCDCOM
MOV
R6, #ENTRYMODE ; SET ENTRY MODE
CALL
WRLCDCOM ; INCREMENT CURSOR RIGHT, NO SHIFT
MOV
R6, #CLRDSP; CLEAR DISPLAY, HOME CURSOR
CALL
WRLCDCOM
MOV R6,#80H
CALL
WRLCDCOM
RET
;================================================
WRLCDDATA:
CALL READY
MOV
P1, R6
; PUT DATA BYTE INSS ACC
SETB
LCD_RS
; SELECT DATA
CLR
LCD_RW
NOP
NOP
NOP
CLR
LCD_E
NOP
NOP
SETB
LCD_E
; PULSE THE ENABLE LINE
NOP
NOP
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CLR
LCD_E
RET
;=====================
WRLCDCOM:
CALL READY
MOV
P1, R6
; PUT DATA BYTE
CLR
LCD_RS
CLR
LCD_RW
NOP
NOP
CLR
LCD_E
; SELECT COMMAND
NOP
NOP
SETB
LCD_E
; PULSE THE ENABLE LINE
NOP
NOP
CLR
LCD_E
RET
;================================================
READY:
SETB P1.7
CLR LCD_RS
;CHON RS
SETB LCD_RW ;DOC R
NOP
BUSY: CLR LCD_E
;TAO XUNG E
SETB LCD_E
JB P1.7,BUSY
RET
;================================================
MSG1:
MOV DPTR,#BANG1
MOV R3,#0
CALL LCD_MSG
RET
;--------------------------------------------------LCD_MSG:
CLR A
; XOA A
MOVC A,@A+DPTR
; LAY DATA TU BANG MA
INC DPTR
INC R3
CJNE A,#99H,KTMSG
; KIEM TRA HET CHUOI DATA
JMP
LCD_OUT
;THOAT GHI DATA LCD
KTMSG:
CJNE R3,#15,XUONG
MOV R6,#0C2H
;NHAY DONG 2 LCD
CALL WRLCDCOM
XUONG:
CJNE A,#01H,LCD_WR ;KIEM TRA CO XOA MAN HINH KHONG
MOV R6,A
CALL WRLCDCOM
JMP LCD_MSG
LCD_WR:
MOV R6,A
CALL WRLCDDATA
JMP LCD_MSG
; LAP LAI DEN KY TU KHAC
LCD_OUT:
MOV R6, #ONDSP ; DISPLAY ON
CALL
WRLCDCOM
RET
BANG1: DB 01H,' LU NGOC DUM LOP 10HDT1',99H
;===================================DISPLAY1======
DISPLAY1:
MOV R6,#CLRDSP
CALL WRLCDCOM
MOV DPTR,#BANG2
TIEP1:
CLR A
; XOA A
MOVC A,@A+DPTR
; LAY DATA TU BANG MA
INC DPTR
CJNE A,#99H,LOAD1
; KIEM TRA HET CHUOI DATA
JMP OUTDPL1
LOAD1:
MOV R6,A
CALL WRLCDDATA
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OUTDPL1:
N MN HC 2
JMP TIEP1
MOV R6,#0C2H
;NHAY DONG 2 LCD
CALL WRLCDCOM
MOV R6,#'T'
CALL WRLCDDATA
MOV R6,#' '
CALL WRLCDDATA
MOV R6,#'='
CALL WRLCDDATA
MOV R6,#' ' ;0C5 VI TRI 30H TREN LCD
CALL WRLCDDATA
CALL WRLCDDATA
CALL WRLCDDATA
CALL WRLCDDATA
MOV R6,#0DFH
CALL WRLCDDATA
MOV R6,#'C'
CALL WRLCDDATA
RET
BANG2: DB 'NHIET DO PHONG :',99H
;============================READ NHIET
READ_NHIET: CLR ALE
CLR STR
SETB ALE
;noi ALE cua
NOP
NOP
NOP
SETB STR
;noi STR cua
NOP
NOP
NOP
CLR ALE
CLR STR
CALL DELAY
MOV A,P2
;doc gia tri
;-----CHUYEN BIT THAP A THANH CAO-----MOV C,ACC.0
MOV 7FH,C
MOV C,ACC.1
MOV 7EH,C
MOV C,ACC.2
MOV 7DH,C
MOV C,ACC.3
MOV 7CH,C
MOV C,ACC.4
MOV 7BH,C
MOV C,ACC.5
MOV 7AH,C
MOV C,ACC.6
MOV 79H,C
MOV C,ACC.7
MOV 78H,C
MOV A,2FH
MOV B,#10
DIV AB
MOV 30H,A
MOV 31H,B
MOV R6,#0C6H
;NHAY DEN VI
CALL WRLCDCOM
MOV DPTR,#MALED
MOV A,30H
MOVC A,@A+DPTR
MOV R6,A
CALL WRLCDDATA
MOV A,31H
MOVC A,@A+DPTR
MOV R6,A
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DO=========
ADC
ADC
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N MN HC 2
CALL WRLCDDATA
RET
;===================
DELAY: MOV R1,#20
DLAY: CALL DELAY_500US
DJNZ R1,DLAY
RET
;-----------------------------DELAY_500US: MOV R2,#250
DJNZ R2,$
RET
;------------------------------MALED: DB '0'
DB '1'
DB '2'
DB '3'
DB '4'
DB '5'
DB '6'
DB '7'
DB '8'
DB '9'
DB 0FFH
END
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N MN HC 2
KT QU
I. KT QU SAU KHI THI CNG MCH
Mch sau khi thi cng chy ng nh yu cu v n nh nhng sai s vn cn ln
o
(1 C) ng thi do khng thc hin bin php ly gi tr trung bnh ca nhiu ln o
nn s hin th khng n nh.
II. HNG PHT TRIN MCH
Ta cn thc hin ly gi tr trung bnh ca khong 5 n 10 ln o (hoc hn th
cng chnh xc nhng s lm chm tin x l ca ton b cng vic ) th gi tr
dng so snh v hin th s chnh xc hn t bin ng hn. ng thi c th dng
ADC 9 bt ng ra ca ADC cho gi tr s chnh xc hn gim sai s.
C th chuyn sang hin th dng LCD lm cho mch gn hn hin th p hn.
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30
MSSV: 1091010018
N MN HC 2
SVTH: L NGC DM
31
MSSV: 1091010018