Chuyn Hnh hc 11 - Thy Trn Vit Knh Quan h song song

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12

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I. nh ngha:
Nu hai mt phng (P) v (Q) khng c im chung ((P) (Q) = ) th hai mt phng (P) v (Q) gi l
song song nhau.
K hiu:
( ) / / ( )
( ) / / ( )
mp P mp Q
mp Q mp P

II. Tnh cht:
1. nh l 1: Nu mp(P) // mp(Q),
( ) ( )
/ / '
( ) ( ) '
mp R mp P a
a a
mp R mp Q a
=

=


Chng minh: Gi s a khng song song vi a v a v a mp (R)
a a={ } M M mp(P), mp(Q) (tri gt)
a//a
2. nh l 2: iu kin mp (P) // mp(Q):

Nu mp (P) i qua 2 t a, b ct nhau m a v b cng song song vi mp(Q) th mp (P) // mp(Q).
CM: theo video bi ging.
III. Hnh lng tr v hnh hp:
Cho 2 mp (P) // mp(Q), trn mt phng (P) c a gic ABCDQua cc nh ABCDln lt k cc
ng thng d
1
//d
2
//d
3
//d
4
// cc ng thng d
1
, d
2
, d
3
, d
4
,...//ln lt ct (Q) ti A, B, C, D.
Ni AB, BC, gi hnh khng gian gii hn bi 2 a gic ABCD, ABCD v cc hnh bnh
hnh: ABBA, BCCB, l hnh lng tr.
K hiu: ABCDABCD
* Cc c im: A, B, C, DABCD c gi l cc nh.
* Hai a gic ABCD, ABCD l 2 y.
* Cc hnh bnh hnh ABBA, BCCB, l cc mt bn.
* Cc on AA, BB, CC, DD, l cc cnh bn.
* Cc on AB, BC, CD,, AB, BC, CD, l cc cnh y.
c bit:
1) Nu 2 y ca hnh lng tr l hbh th hnh lng tr ABCD.ABCD c gi l hnh hp.
BI GING 06.
HAI MT PHNG SONG SONG
TI LIU BI GING
BN QUYN THUC V
WWW.EDUCATIONPVA.TK
Chuyn Hnh hc 11 - Thy Trn Vit Knh Quan h song song

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12
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2) Nu hai y l tam gic th hnh lng tr ABC.ABC gi l hnh lng tr tam gic.
3) Nu 2 y l hnh t gic th hnh lng tr c gi l hnh lng tr t gic.
IV. V hnh biu din:
1. Hnh hp ABCD.ABCD.
2. Hnh lng tr tam gic ABC.ABC.
3. Hnh lng tr t gic ABCD.ABCD
( V theo hng dn video bi ging)

Gio vin : Trn Vit Knh
Ngun : Hocmai.vn
Kha hc Chuyn Hnh hc 11 Thy Trn Vit Knh Chuyn Quan h song song

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12
- Trang | 1 -




Bi 1:
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD y l hnh bnh hnh tm O. Tam gic SBD l tam gic u. Mt mp di ng
song song vi (SBD) qua im I trn on AC. Xc nh thit din ca hnh chp ct bi .
Bi 2:
Cho 2 hnh bnh hnh ABCD v ABEF khng cng thuc 1 mt phng v c chung cnh AB.
a. Chng minh (AOF) // (BCE).
b. Trn AC v BF ly 2 im M v N sao cho
AC
AM
=
BF
BN
=
3
2
. Qua N k ng thng song song vi AB
ct AF ti (P). Chng minh rng (MNP)//(CDEF).

Bi 3:

Cho hnh chp S.ABCD. Gi M, N, P, Q ln lt l trng tm ca cc tam gic SAB, SBC, SCD v SDA.
a) Chng minh M, N, P, Q ng phng.
b) Chng minh (MNPQ) // (ABCD).

Bi 4:

Cho hnh hp ABCD.ABCD. Gi G
1
, G
2
ln lt l trng tm ca cc tam gic BDA v BDC.
a) Chng minh (BDA) // (BDC).
b) Chng minh A, C, G
1
, G
2
thng hng.



Ngun : Hocmai.vn



BI 06.
HAI MT PHNG SONG SONG
BI TP T LUYN
BN QUYN THUC V
WWW.EDUCATIONPVA.TK
Kha hc Chuyn Hnh hc 11 Thy Trn Vit Knh Chuyn Quan h song song

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12
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O
C
B A
D
S
M
N
H
K
L
I
I
P

(Cc em t v hnh)

Bi 1:
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD y l hnh bnh hnh tm O. Tam gic SBD l tam gic u. Mt mp o di ng
song song vi (SBD) qua im I trn on AC. Xc nh thit din ca hnh chp ct bi o.
Gii:
- Trng hp 1: Ie OA
MN ABCD
ABCD I
BD SBD ABCD
SBD
=

e
= ) (
) (
) ( ) (
) ( //
o
o
o

Vi MN qua I, MN // BD
Tng t: o (SAB) = MP // SB
o (SAD) = NP // SD
Vy thit din l tam gic u MNP ng dng vi tam gic SBD.
- Trng hp 2: Ie OC thit din l tam gic u HKL

Bi 2:
Cho 2 hnh bnh hnh ABCD v ABEF khng cng thuc 1 mt phng v c chung cnh AB.
a. Chng minh (AOF) // (BCE).
b. Trn AC v BF ly 2 im M v N sao cho
AC
AM
=
BF
BN
=
3
2
. Qua N k ng thng song song vi AB
ct AF ti (P). Chng minh rng (MNP)//(CDEF).
Gii:
a) Ta c ABCD l hnh bnh hnh
AD//CB AD // (BCE)
ABEF l hnh bnh hnh
BE // AF AF // (BCE)
M AD, AF ct nhau ti A
(ADF) // (BCE)
b) T M k ng thng song song vi AB ct AD ti Q th ta c:
PN // AB v AB // EF
PN // EF PN //(CDFE) (1)
Mt khc, trong AADM c QM // AB, AB // CD
QM // CD
BI 06.
HAI MT PHNG SONG SONG
P N BI TP T LUYN
Kha hc Chuyn Hnh hc 11 Thy Trn Vit Knh Chuyn Quan h song song

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12
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AD
AQ
=
AC
AM
=
3
2
(2)
Trong tam gic ABF c PN // AB
FA
FP
=
FB
FN

AF
AP
=
BF
BN
3
2
(3)
T (2) v (3)
AF
AP
=
AD
AQ

PQ // AD PQ // (CDFE) (4)
T (1) v (2) kt hp vi PQ ct PN ti P
(PQN) // (CDFE)
Do QM // AB, PN // AB
P, Q, M, N ng phng
(MNP) // (CDFE) pcm.

Bi 3:

Cho hnh chp S.ABCD. Gi M, N, P, Q ln lt l trng tm ca cc tam gic SAB, SBC, SCD v SDA.
a) Chng minh M, N, P, Q ng phng.
b) Chng minh (MNPQ) // (ABCD).
Gii:
a) Gi E, F, G, H ln lt l trung im ca AB, BC, CD, DE.
M l trng tm ca ASAB
SE
SM
=
3
2

N l trng tm ca ASAC
SF
SN
=
3
2

SE
SM
=
SF
SN
MN // EF (1)
P, Q l trng tm ca ASCD v ASDA

SG
SP
=
SH
SQ
PQ // GH (2)
Mt khc ta thy EF v HG ln lt l ng trung bnh trong cc tam gic ABC v ACD.
EF // AC v HG // AC.
EF // HG (3)
T (1), (2) v (3) MN // PQ
M, N, P, Q ng phng.
b) Theo cu a ta c: MN // EF c (ABCD)
MN // (ABCD)
Tng t, N, P ln lt l trng tm ca cc tam gic SBC v SCD.

SF
SN
=
SG
SP
=
3
2

NP // FG c (ABCD) NP // (ABCD)
NP, MN c (MNPQ) v ct MN ti N
(MNPQ) // (ABCD).

Bi 4:

Cho hnh hp ABCD.ABCD. Gi G
1
, G
2
ln lt l trng tm ca cc tam gic BDA v BDC.
a) Chng minh (BDA) // (BDC).
b) Chng minh A, C, G
1
, G
2
thng hng.

BN QUYN THUC V
WWW.EDUCATIONPVA.TK
Kha hc Chuyn Hnh hc 11 Thy Trn Vit Knh Chuyn Quan h song song

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12
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Gii:
a) Ta c:
)
`

= ' '
' // '
DD BB
DD BB
BDDB l hnh bnh hnh
BD // BD c (CBD) BD // (CBD)
Tng t, BC = AD = AD v BC // AD // AD
BCDA l hnh bnh hnh.
BA // CD c (CBD)
BA // (CBD)
M BD v BA u thuc mp(BDA) v BD ct BA ti B
(BDA) // (CBD)
b) Ta c: AA // CC; AA = CC
ACCA l hnh bnh hnh.
Gi O, O l tm ca ABCD v ABCD.
G
1
l trng tm ca AABD.
G
1
e AO c (AACC) v
AO
G A
1
'
=
3
2

G
2
l trng tm ca ACBD.
G
2
e CO c (AACC) v
CO
CG
2
=
3
2

Trong AAAC c AO l trung tuyn v
AO
G A
1
'
=
3
2

G
1
l trng tm ca AAAC.
Tc l AG
1
qua trung im I ca AC.
M I l giao im ca AC v AC.
A, G
1
, C thng hng.
Chng minh tng t ta c: A, G
2
, C thng hng.
A, G
1
, G
2
, C thng hng.
Ch : Ta c th dung tnh cht ca 2 mt phng song song chng minh 2 ng thng song
song.



Ngun : Hocmai.vn