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NI DUNG

Khi nim v h thng iu khin

Gii thiu v Van o chiu

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KHI NiM H THNG iU KHIN

Hnh 3.1. Cu trc mch iu khin ca cc phn t

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KHI NIM H THNG IU KHIN

- Phn t a tn hiu: nhn nhng gi tr ca i lng vt l nh l i lng vo, l phn t u tin ca mch iu khin. V d: van o chiu, rle p sut. - Phn t x l tn hiu: x l tn hiu nhn vo theo mt logic xc nh, lm thay i trng thi ca phn t iu khin. V d: van o chiu, van tit lu, van logic AND hoc OR. - Phn t iu khin: iu khin dng nng lng (lu lng) theo yu cu, thay i trng thi ca c cu chp hnh. V d: van o chiu. - C cu chp hnh: thay i trng thi ca i tng iu khin, l i lng ra ca i tng iu khin. V d: xy lanh, ng c

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GiI THIU V VAN O CHIU

1 - Nguyn l hot ng
Kh nen ra (2) Than van Nong van Lo xo Tn hieu tac ong (12)

Nguon kh nen vao (1)

Xa kh (3)

Khi cha c tn hiu tc ng vo ca (12), th ca (1) b chn, ca (2) ni vi ca (3). Khi c tn hiu tc ng vo ca (12), th nng van s dch chuyn v pha bn phi, ca (1) s ni vi ca (2) v ca (3) b chn. Trng hp tn hiu tc ng vo ca (12) mt i, th di tc dng ca l xo th nng van s tr v v tr ban u.

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GII THIU V VAN O CHIU

2 - K hiu van o chiu

Chuyn i v tr ca nng van c biu din bng cc vung lin nhau vi cc ch ci o, a, b, c hay cc s 0, 1, 2,

V tr "o" c k hiu l v tr m khi cha c tc ng ca tn hiu ngoi vo. i vi van c ba v tr th v tr gia k hiu "o" l v tr "khng". i vi van c hai v tr, th v tr "khng" c th l "a" hay "b", thng thng v tr bn phi l v tr "khng".

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GII THIU V VAN O CHIU

2 - K hiu van o chiu

Ca noi van
Ca noi vi nguon (t bo loc kh) Ca noi lam viec Ca xa kh Ca noi tn hieu ieu khien

Ky hieu theo ISO 5599

1 2, 4, 6, 3, 5, 7, 12, 14,

Ky hieu theo ISO 1219 P A, B, C, R, S, T, X, Y,

Bn trong vung ca mi v tr l cc ng thng c hnh mi tn, biu din hng chuyn ng ca dng kh nn qua van. Trng hp dng kh nn b chn c biu din bng du gch ngang.

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GII THIU V VAN O CHIU

2 - K hiu van o chiu

Nu k hiu l xo nm ngay pha bn phi ca van o chiu th van o chiu c v tr "khng", v tr l vung bn phi ca k hiu van o chiu v c k hiu "0". iu c ngha l chng no cha c tn hiu tc ng vo nng van th l xo tc ng gi v tr . Di y l mt s k hiu m t cc loi tn hiu tc ng vo nng van o chiu.

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GII THIU V VAN O CHIU

2 - K hiu van o chiu

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GII THIU V VAN O CHIU

3 - Tn hiu tc ng
a - Tc ng bng tay

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GII THIU V VAN O CHIU

3 - Tn hiu tc ng
b - Tc ng bng c, kh nn v in

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GII THIU V VAN O CHIU

4 Cc loi van o chiu

Van o chiu 2/2, tc ng trc tip bng kh nn, phc hi v v tr ban u bng l xo. Ti v tr "khng", ca 1 b chn. Khi c tn hiu kh nn 12 tc ng, nng piston b y xung van s chuyn sang hot ng v tr 1, lc ny ca1 ni vi ca 2.

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GII THIU V VAN O CHIU

4 Cc loi van o chiu

Van o chiu 3/2, , tc ng trc tip bng kh nn, phc hi v v tr ban u bng l xo. Ti v tr "khng", ca 1 b chn, ca 2 thng kh vi ca 3. Khi c tn hiu kh nn 12 tc ng, nng piston b y xung van s chuyn sang hot ng v tr 1, lc ny ca1 ni vi ca 2, ca 3 b chn.

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GII THIU V VAN O CHIU

4 Cc loi van o chiu

Van o chiu 3/2, , tc ng bng c chn 2 chiu, Loi van o chiu ny c dng lm cng tc hnh trnh. C hai loi, v tr "khng" thng ng v v tr "khng" thng m nh hnh biu din trn. Khi c chn b tc ng s lm cho nng piston di chuyn xung di v lc ny van s i v tr lm vic.

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GII THIU V VAN O CHIU

4 Cc loi van o chiu

Van o chiu 4/2, , tc ng bng u do, y l loi van c v tr "khng", ti v tr ny ca 1 ni vi ca 2, ca 3 ni vi ca 4 (hnh a). Khi u d b tc ng s y nng piston xung, tc ng ln vng m v lm cho ca 1 ni vi ca 4, ca 2 ni vi ca 3

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GII THIU V VAN O CHIU

4 Cc loi van o chiu

Van o chiu 5/2, tc ng trc tip bng dng kh nn vo t hai pha ca nng van. y l loi van khng c v tr "khng", van c c im l "nh" v tr hot ng khi khng cn tn hiu tc ng.

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GII THIU V VAN O CHIU

4 Cc loi van o chiu

- Khi c tn hiu kh nn 12 tc ng, y nng piston qua bn tri, lc ny ca 1 ni vi ca 2, ca 4 ni vi ca 5, ca 3 b chn. Van s gi v tr lm vic ny cho d tn hiu kh nn 12 khng cn tc ng na. - Cho n khi c tn hiu kh nn 14 tc ng, nng piston b y qua bn phi, lc ny lm cho ca 1 ni vi ca 4, ca 2 ni vi ca 3, ca 5 b chn. - Van s gi v tr hot ng ny cho d dng kh nn 14 khng cn tc ng na. Cho n khi c tn hiu kh nn 12 tc ng, y nng piston qua bn tri mi lm cho van i v tr lm vic.

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GII THIU V VAN O CHIU

4 Cc loi van o chiu

Van o chiu 5/3, tc ng bng kh nn. y l cc loi van c v tr "khng" - v tr gia. Khi c tn hiu kh nn pha bn no tc ng th van s lm vic v tr tng ng bn . Khi khng cn tn hiu kh nn tc ng, van s tr v lm vic v tr gia - v tr "khng" di lc tc ng ca l xo.

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GII THIU V VAN O CHIU

5 Cc loi van chn

Van mt chiu, y l loi van c tc dng ch cho lu lng kh nn i qua mt chiu, chiu ngc li b chn. Nguyn l hot ng v k hiu van mt chiu: dng kh nn i t A qua B, chiu t B qua A dng kh nn b chn.

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GII THIU V VAN O CHIU

5 Cc loi van chn

Van logic OR, c chc nng l nhn tn hiu iu khin nhng v tr khc nhau trong h thng iu khin. Nguyn l hot ng ca van nh sau: khi c dng kh nn qua ca s 1, piston tr ca van b y sang v tr bn phi, chn ca 1(3). Nh vy ca s 1 thng kh vi ca s 2. Hoc khi c dng kh nn cp vo ca 1(3), piston tr ca van b y sang v tr bn tri, chn ca s 1, nh vy ca 1(3) ni vi ca 2.

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GII THIU V VAN O CHIU

5 Cc loi van chn

Van logic AND, c chc nng l nhn tn hiu iu khin cng mt lc nhng v tr khc nhau trong h thng iu khin. Nguyn l hot ng ca van logic AND nh sau: Khi c dng kh nn qua ca s 1, s y piston tr ca van sang bn phi, nh vy ca s 1 b chn. Hoc l khi c dng kh nn qua ca 1(3), s y piston tr ca van sang v tr bn tri, nh vy ca 1(3) b chn. Nu dng kh nn ng thi qua hai ca 1 v 1(3), ca s 2 s c kh .

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GII THIU V VAN O CHIU

5 Cc loi van chn

Van x kh nhanh, nguyn l hot ng ca van x kh nhanh nh sau: khi dng kh nn i qua ca s 1, s y b phn chn di chuyn qua bn tri, chn ca x kh li. Nh vy ca s 1 thng kh vi ca s 2. Trung hp nguc li, khi dng kh nn i t ca s 2, s y b phn chn di chuyn qua bn phi, chn ca s 1 li, nh vy kh t ca s 2 c x ra ngoi.

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GII THIU V VAN O CHIU

5 Cc loi van chn

Van tit lu, N c nhim v iu chnh lu lng dng chy, tc l iu chnh vn tc hoc thi gian chy ca c cu chp hnh. Ngoi ra van tit lu cn c nhim v iu chnh thi gian chuyn i v tr ca van o chiu. Nguyn l lm vic ca van tit lu l lu lng dng chy qua van ph thuc vo s thay i tit din.

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GII THIU V VAN O CHIU

5 Cc loi van chn

Van tit lu mt chiu iu chnh bng tay, Nguyn l hot ng ca van tit lu mt chiu iu chnh bng tay: tit din Ax thay i bng cch iu chnh vt iu chnh bng tay. Khi dng kh nn i t A qua B th dng kh y mn chn ln i qua tit din ca mn chn v ca l xo, khi dng kh i t ca B qua A th mn chn b xung, dng kh ch i qua tit din ca l xo.

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GII THIU V VAN O CHIU

6 Van p sut
Van an ton c nhim v gi p sut ln nht m h thng c th ti. Khi p sut ln hn p sut cho php ca h thng, th dng p sut kh nn s thng lc l xo v nh vy kh nn s theo ca R ra ngoi khng kh, van an ton c th iu chnh c p sut.

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GII THIU V VAN O CHIU

6 Van p sut
Van trn nguyn tc hot ng tng t nh van an ton. Nhng ch khc l khi p sut ca vo ca van trn t n gi tr xc nh th ca vo 1(P) s thng vi ca ra 2(A) v ni vi h thng iu khin, gi tr ca p sut kh nn c xc nh bng l xo.

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GII THIU V VAN O CHIU

6 Van p sut
Van iu chnh p sut (van gim p), Van iu chnh p sut c cng dng gi p sut c iu chnh khng i. Nguyn tc hot ng ca van iu chnh p sut: khi iu chnh trc vt, tc l iu chnh v tr ca a van, trong trng hp p sut ng ra tng ln so vi p sut c iu chnh, kh nn tc ng ln mn s qua l thng, v tr kim van thay i, kh nn qua l x kh ra ngoi. Cho n chng no p sut ng ra gim xung bng p sut c iu chnh ban u th v tr kim van tr v v tr ban u.

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