Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia and South Australia Greg Check tel 02 4272 0417 Mob. 0418 833030 greg.check@Bisalloy.com.au New South Wales, Queensland, Northern Territory & New Zealand Jim Devlin tel 02 4272 0419 Mob. 0418 427766 jim.devlin@Bisalloy.com.au Export Sales Willy Pang tel 02 4272 0418 Mob 0419 280765 willy.pang@Bisalloy.com.au
Sales & Marketing Manager Michael Sampson tel 02 4272 0412 Mob. 0418 603852 michael.sampson@Bisalloy.com.au Bisalloy Manager Nick Hardcastle
Technical Manager Russell Barnett tel 02 4272 0470 Mob. 0418 271948 russell.barnett@Bisalloy.com.au
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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
THICKNESS (mm) 5-<16 16-80 >80-100 Typical Typical Typical C 0.16 0.18 0.16 P 0.010 0.010 0.010 Mn 1.10 1.40 1.15 Si 0.20 0.20 0.20 S 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.20 0.90 Cr Mo 0.20 0.20 0.20 B 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 CE(IIW) 0.40 0.50 0.58 PCM 0.25 0.29 0.30
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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
THICKNESS (mm) 5-<16 16-80 >80-100 Typical Typical Typical C 0.16 0.18 0.16 P 0.010 0.010 0.010 Mn 1.10 1.40 1.15 Si 0.20 0.20 0.20 S 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.20 0.90 Cr Mo 0.20 0.20 0.20 B 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 CE(IIW) 0.40 0.50 0.58 PCM 0.25 0.29 0.30
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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
THICKNESS (mm) 5-<16 16-80 >80-100 Typical Typical Typical C 0.16 0.18 0.16 P 0.010 0.010 0.010 Mn 1.10 1.40 1.15 Si 0.20 0.20 0.20 S 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.20 0.90 Cr Mo 0.20 0.20 0.20 B 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 CE(IIW) 0.40 0.50 0.58 PCM 0.25 0.29 0.30
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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
THICKNESS (mm) 6-<16 16-80 >80-100 Typical Typical Typical C 0.16 0.18 0.16 P 0.010 0.010 0.010 Mn 1.10 1.40 1.15 Si 0.20 0.20 0.20 S 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.20 0.90 Cr Mo 0.20 0.20 0.20 B 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 CE(IIW) 0.40 0.50 0.58 PCM 0.25* 0.29 0.30
*Low heat input butt welding required to ensure transverse weld tensile properties are achieved. Alternate chemistry may be specified when necessary.
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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
THICKNESS (mm) 5-<16 16-80 >80-100 Typical Typical Typical C 0.16 0.18 0.16 P 0.010 0.010 0.010 Mn 1.10 1.40 1.15 Si 0.20 0.20 0.20 S 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.20 0.90 Cr Mo 0.20 0.20 0.20 B 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 CE(IIW) 0.40 0.50 0.58 PCM 0.25 0.29 0.30
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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
THICKNESS (mm) 6-20 >20-50 Maximum Maximum C 0.165 0.21 P 0.025 0.025 Mn 1.25 0.40
*TYPICAL
Si 0.25 0.60 S 0.005 0.005 Ni 0.25 0.35 Cr 0.25 1.20 Mo 0.25 0.30 B 0.002 0.002 CE(IIW) 0.39* 0.44* PCM 0.23* 0.28*
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C 0.29
P 0.015
Mn 0.30
Si 0.30
S 0.003
Cr 1.00
Mo 0.25
B 0.0010
CE(IIW) 0.61
PCM 0.40
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C 0.29
P 0.015
Mn 0.30
Si 0.30
S 0.003
Cr 1.00
Mo 0.25
B 0.0010
CE(IIW) 0.61
PCM 0.40
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TENSILE PROPERTIES
PROPERTY 0.2% Proof Stress Tensile Strength Elongation in 50mm G.L. TYPICAL 1400MPa 1640 MPa 14%
CHEMISTRY The chemical specification conforms with the requirements of MIL-A-46100, although it is tighter than the requirements of that specification so as to optimise the materials performance. Product chemical analyses are taken on a per heat basis. Chemical analysis is as follows:
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Ballistic Properties AS 2343 PART 2 1997 BULLET RESISTANT PANELS FOR INTERIOR: OPAQUE PANELS
CLASS CALIBRE AMMUNITION 15.6g LEAD SEMIWAD CUTTER BULLET 12 GUAGE 70mm HIGH VELOCITY MAGNUM 32g SG SHOT 12 GUAGE 70mm 24.8g SINGLE SLUG M193 5.56mm 3.6g FULL METAL CASE BULLET NATO STANDARD 7.62mm 9.3g FULL METAL CASE BULLET MEASURED VELOCITY @ DISTANCE FROM MUZZLE 488 + 10m/s @ 1.5m RANGE MINIMUM REQUIRED HHA THICKNESS 6mm
G2
44 MAGNUM
3m
SO
3m
6mm
S1
3m
6mm
R1
980 + 15m/s @ 5m
10m
10mm
R2
7.62mm
853 + 10m/s @ 5m
10m
6mm
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STEEL STANDARD AS3597-1993 Grade 500 ISO 4950/3 Grade E500 JIS G3106 SM58 BS4360 Grade 55F ASTM A572 Grade 60 ASTM A572 Grade 65 ASTM A537 CI.2 ASTM A852 EN10137-2 S500Q AS3597-1993 Grade 600 ISO 4950/3 Grade E620 ASTM A533 Type A.CI.3 EN10137-2 S620Q AS3597-1993 Grade 700 ISO 4950/3 Grade E690 ASTM A514 EN10137-2 S690Q JIS G3128 AS3597-1993 Grade 700PV ASTM A517
COMMENTS Min. yield 500 MPa Min. yield 500 MPa Min. yield 430 MPa Min. yield 430 MPa Min. yield 415 MPa Min. yield 450 MPa Min. yield 485 MPa Min. yield 485 MPa Min. yield 500 MPa Min. yield 600 MPa Min. yield 620 MPa Min. yield 570 MPa Min. yield 620 MPa Min. yield 690 MPa Min. yield 690 MPa Min. yield 690 MPa Min. yield 690 MPa Min. yield 685 MPa Min. yield 690 MPa Min. yield 690 MPa
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5 5-<16 16-80 >80-100 0.40 0.50 0.58 210 5-100 500 590-730 20 6-9.5 9.5-12 13-100 5 5-<16 16-80 >80-100 0.40 0.50 0.58 0.40 0.50 0.58 255 5 6-65 70-100 650 690 620 750-900 790-930 720-900 18 18 16 230 5-100 600 690-830 20 6-9.5 9.5-12 13-100 5 6-9.5 9.5-12 13-100
-20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20
L L L L L L L L L L L L
6-65 70-100
690 620
790-930 720-900
18 16
6 100
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STEEL GRADE
BISPLATE 320
5-<16 16-80 >80-100 5-<16 16-80 >80-100 6-20 >20-50 6-100 6-100
0.40 0.50 0.58 0.40 0.50 0.58 0.39 0.44 0.61 0.61 370-430 370-430 400-460 477-534 1070 1070 1260 1400 1320 1320 1480 1640 14 16 11 10 55 45 40 35 +20 -40 +20 +20 L L L L 320-360 970 1070 18 60 +20 L
LEGEND L T Longitudinal Transverse Guaranteed Values Typical Values (provided for reference information only)
||W Carbon Equivalent Formula: C.E. = C + Mn + Cr+Mo+V + Ni+Cu 6 5 15 Please Note: Every care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of information contained in this manual which supersedes earlier publications, however Bisalloy Steels shall not be liable for any loss or damage howsoever caused or arising from the application of such information. Typical values are provided for reference information only and no guarantee is given that a specific plate will provide these properties. Information is subject to change without notice.
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0.479 0.575
0.936 1.248 1.561 1.873 2.497 3.121 3.901 4.994 6.242 7.803 7.023 6.264 6.712 7.159 6.464 7.183
0.431 1.947 2.336 3.115 3.894 4.867 1.248 1.561 1.873 2.497 3.121 1.947 2.336 3.115 3.894
0.585 1.248 1.561 1.873 2.497 3.121 3.901 4.994 6.242 7.803 5.852 6.264
5.387 5.746 6.464 7.183 Plate mass (tonnes) calculation = 7.85 x W x T x L (m)
NON STANDARD SIZES Available subject to sales enquiry. Minimum order quantities may apply.
EDGE CONDITION All plate 1525mm wide and 5 & 6mm thick is supplied with untrimmed edge. All other plate is supplied with trimmed edge.
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Notes: 1. Measurement can be conducted anywhere on plate. 2. All dimensions are in millimetres.
1520
20
25
30
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Edge Camber shall be limited so that it shall be possible to inscribe the dimensions of the ordered plate within the delivered size.
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Table 7:
SPECIFIED THICKNESS PLATE (mm) 8 DISTANCE BETWEEN POINTS OF CONTACT (mm) 1000 2000 >8 12 1000 2000 >12 25 1000 2000 >25 1000 2000 SPECIFIED WIDTH OF PLATE (mm) <1500 1500 <1800 8 15 6 10 6 10 6 8 1800 <2400 8 15 8 15 6 12 6 10 2400 <3000 10 25 10 20 10 16 6 10 3000
8 15 6 10 6 8 6 8
15 30 15 25 10 16 6 10
Notes:
1. The tolerances apply when measured at least 20mm from the longitudinal edges and 100mm from the transverse edges. 2. Where the distance between the points of contact is between 500mm and 1000mmm, the permissible deviation is obtained as follows. DISTANCE BETWEEN POINTS OF CONTACT x H 1000 Where H = allowable deviation for 1000mm Note: This table is an extract of the AS1365 - 1986 (table 3.4). However Bisalloy Steels Pty Ltd internal manufacturing tolerances are considerably more restrictive. 3. All dimensions are in millimetres.
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If the flame cut surface is to be the face of a welded joint, the heat affected zone from the flame cutting need not be removed. However, all slag and loose scale should be removed by light grinding, and prior to welding, the cut surface should be dry and free from organic matter such as oil, grease, etc (as directed by good workshop practice).
When stripping plates, the use of multiple cutting heads will help to minimise distortion of the cut pieces. Correct nozzle size, gas pressure and travel speed will also minimise distortion during cutting. Softening on edges can also occur when flame cutting small strips, eg. 50mm wide x 50mm thick plate. Quench cutting of BISPLATE grades to minimise distortion is not recommended, while cooling in still air is preferred. The technique of stacking plates during profile cutting should also be avoided.
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The plasma cut HAZ typically extends 0.5 1.0mm into the plate under normal conditions. As is the case for flame cutting, complete removal by grinding is recommended if cold forming of the cut plate is contemplated. All other comments for flame cutting regarding preheating, removal of the HAZ, stripping and stack cutting of plates would apply to plasma cutting. LASER CUTTING Laser cutting is a productive method for sectioning all grades of BISPLATE up to 12mm thickness, particularly where high levels of accuracy and minimal distortion is required. Currently, with thicknesses above 12mm, productivity levels drop when compared with other processes. The laser cutting process is unlike other thermal cutting in so far as the material is essentially vapourised from the kerf rather than melting and removal by kinetic energy. The laser concentrates its energy into a focused beam resulting in low levels of excess heat. This results in very small HAZ areas (0.05 0.15mm) and small kerfs (0.3mm). Comparison of Flame, Plasma and Laser Cutting on 6mm BISPLATE 400
Table 3:
PROCESS Flame cutting Plasma cutting Laser cutting KERF WIDTH (mm) 0.9 3.2 0.3 HAZ WIDTH (mm) 1.5 0.5 0.2
Cutting speeds are typically 5000mm/min and the edge is generally square, burr free and minimal dross. Peak hardness levels are lower than those obtained from alternate cutting methods previously described. Removal of the HAZ is generally not considered necessary for most applications, however, for forming operations it is advised that Bisalloy Steels are contacted for guidance.
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WATERJET CUTTING Waterjet cutting can be performed on all grades of BISPLATE, although its widespread use is limited due to the current machines available in Australia and their low cutting speeds. A key advantage of water jet cutting is that it leaves the surface free of HAZ. Cutting without heat protects against metallurgical changes in the plate, ensuring original plate mechanical properties are maintained. Recent tests performed by the CSIRO Division of Manufacturing Technology on waterjet cutting 8mm BISPLATE 500 at 40mm/min resulting in near perfect cut edges. Speeds to 75mm/min are possible but with reduced smoothness of the cut edge. The micrographs show the parent material adjacent to the cut edge for waterjet cutting in comparison to laser cutting. The waterjet cut shows no change in material structure at the edge of the cut. The laser cut edge shows a distinct change in structure to a depth of 0.2mm. Both laser cutting and waterjet cutting are industrial processes which should be considered by structural designers and fabricators as alternate means to avoiding problems associated with fit up, cut edge squareness, shape precision, dross and gross HAZs which can occur with conventional thermal cutting processes.
Bisalloy steels wish to thank the Australian Welding journal, CSIRO-DMT, Ian Henderson,CRC for Materials Welding and joining and Rory Thompson, CSIRO Industry Liasion Manager for information pertaining to laser and waterjet cuting contained in this publication . Please Note: Every care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of information contained in this manual which supersedes earlier publications, however Bisalloy Steels shall not be liable for any loss or damage howsoever caused arising from the application of such information. Typical values are provided for reference information only and no guarantee is given that a specific plate will provide these properties. Information is subject to change without notice.
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CET = C + Mn +Mo + Cr + Cu + Ni 10 20 40
These categories give an indication of the degree of care required in the proper selection of welding preheat/heat inputs. COOLING RATE Limitations on both preheat and heat input are necessary to ensure that the HAZ cools at an appropriate rate and that the correct hardness and microstructure are achieved. Too slow a cooling rate can result in a soft HAZ and thus a loss of tensile and fracture toughness properties. Too rapid a cooling rate produces a hard HAZ which may cause loss of ductility. Cooling is controlled by a balance between preheat and heat input for a particular plate thickness and joint configuration. PREHEAT/HEAT INPUT The preheat/heat input recommendations outlined in tables 2 and 3 will ensure that the cooling rate of the HAZ is satisfactory. Recommended Preheat/Interpass Temperatures (C) for BISPLATE
Table 2: BISPLATE GRADE Minimum Preheat TempC High Strength Structural Grades 60 (AS 3597 Grade 500) 70 (AS 3597 Grade 600) 80 (AS 3597 Grade 700) Abrasion Resistant Grades 320 400 450 500 Maximum Interpass TemperatureC All Grades 150 175 200 220 50 50 Nil*** 100 150 150 ** 75 75 125 125 150 150 Nil* Nil* Nil* 50 50 50 75 75 75 140 140 140 MAXIMUM THICKNESS IN JOINT (mm) <13 >13<25 >25<50 >50
*Chill must be removed from plates prior to welding. **Refer to Bisalloy Steels for availability, preheat/interpass requirements. ***Nil preheat up to a max thickness in the joint of 20mm. Note that under rigid weld joint restraint conditions preheating temperature should be increased by 25C.
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BISPLATE 70
BISPLATE 80
Only
use
Controlled E55XX/E62XX+ E48XX E48XX N.R. E69XX* E55XX E48XX N.R. E76XX E55XX/E62XX E48XX N.R. N.R. E55XX E48XX 1430-AX, 1855-AX**
Matching
Matching
Matching
Hardness
Matching
Table 4a courtesy of WTIA (Tech Note 15) Notes: 1 MMAW - AS/NZS 1553.1 - 1995 and AS1553.2 - 1987 consumable classification. 2 GMAW - AS271 7.1 - 1984 consumable classification. 3 FCAW - AS2203 - 1990 consumable classification. 4 SAW - AS1858. 1 - 1996 and AS1858.2 - 1989 consumable classification. X = A Variable - any value allowed by the relevant standard may be acceptable provided that the consumable is hydrogen controlled (ie low hydrogen). + E62XX and W62XX type consumables overmatch the strength requirements but may be used. * These Consumables may be difficult to obtain. In some cases E62XX or W62XX type consumables may be substituted, otherwise use E76XX or W76XX types.
** AS2576 and WTIA TN 4 Classifications. N.R. Not Recommended.
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BISPLATE 70
BISPLATE 80
Only
use
Controlled E80XX/E90XX+ E70XX E70XX N.R. ER80S-X/ER90S-X+ ER70S-X ER70S-X N.R. E8XTX-X/E9XTX-X+ E7XTX-X E7XTX-X N.R. F8XX/F9XX+ F7XX F6XX N.R. E100XX* E80XX E70XX N.R. E110XX E80XX/E90XX E70XX N.R. N.R. E80XX E70XX 1430-AX, 1855-AX**
Matching
ER100S-X* ER80S-X ER70S-X N.R. E10XTX-X8 E9XTX-X E8XTX-X N.R. F10XX* F7XX F6XX N.R.
ER110S-X ER90S-X/ER100S-X ER80S-X N.R. E11XTX-X E9XTX-X E8XTX-X N.R. F11XX F7XX F6XX N.R.
N.R. W55XX W50XX 1855-BX** N.R. E8XTX-X E7XTX-X 1430-BX, 1855-BX, 1860BX** N.R. F7XX F6XX 1855-BX**
Hardness
Matching
Table 4B courtesy of WTIA (Tech Note 15) Notes: 1 MMAW AWS A5. 1-91 and AWS A5.5-81 consumable classification. 2 GMAW AWS A5. 18-93 and AWS A5.28-79 consumable classification. 3 FCAW AWS A5.20-79 and AWS A5.29-80 consumable classification. 4 SAW - AWS A5.17-89 and AWS A5.23-90 consumable classification. X = A Variable - any value allowed by the relevant standard may be acceptable provided that the consumable is hydrogen controlled (ie low hydrogen). + E90XX, ER90S, E9XTX and F9XX type consumables overmatch the strength requirements but may be used. * These Consumables may be difficult to obtain. In some cases E90XX, ER90S, E9XTX or F9XX type consumables may be substituted, otherwise use E110XX, ER110S, E11XTX or F11XX types. AS2576-1982 WTIA TN 4 Classifications. N.R. Not Recommended.
**
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BISPLATE 60
Alloycraft 90 Ferrocraft 61 Multicraft 7016 N.R. Jetweld LH90-MR Jetweld LH70, LH75-MR N.R. N.A. Easyarc 16GP, Easyarc 18MR N.R. Austalloy 6218-M (Austarc 18TT) Austarc 18TT, 16TC, Weldwell PH77, PH56S N.R. N.A. Eutectrode 66*66 N.R. E9018-D1 MP51 N.R. OK 48.08 OK 48.04 N.R.
BISPLATE 70
Alloycraft 110*, (Alloycraft90) Ferrocraft 61 Multicraft 7016 N.R. (Jetweld LH90-MR) Jetweld LH70, LH75-MR N.R. N.A. Easyarc 16GP, Easyarc 18MR N.R. Austarc 761 8-M, (621 8-M), Weldwell PH118 Austarc 18TT, 16TC, Weldwell PH77, PH56S N.R. N.A. Eutectrode 66*66 N.R. E1001 8-D2 MP51 N.R. OK 74.78 OK 48.04, OK 48.08 N.R.
BISPLATE 80
Alloycraft 110 Ferrocraft 61 Multicraft 7016 N.R. Jetweld LH110M-MR Jetweld LH70, LH75-MR N.R. N.A. Easyarc 16GP, Easyarc 18MR N.R. Austalloy 7818-M, Weldwell PH118 Austarc 18TT, 16TC, Weldwell PH77, PH56S N.R. N.A. Eutectrode 66*66 N.R. E11018-M MP51 N.R. OK 75.75 OK 48.04, OK 48.08 N.R.
Lincoln Electric
LiquidArc
W.I.A
ESAB
M.S. Matching Strength L.S. Lower Strength M.H. Matching hardness N.R. Not Recommended N.A. Not available N.B. Consumables in brackets will match mechanical property requirements in the majority of instances as per manufacturers recommendations and where the appropriate weld procedure is applied. Weld Qualification procedures should be carried out to establish actual Weld metal properties. *Consumable recommendations overmatch mechanical property requirements.
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BRANDS
CIGWELD M.S.
BISPLATE 60
Autocraft Mn Mo/ Argoshield 51 or 52
BISPLATE 70
Autocraft Ni Cr Mo*/ Argoshield 60 or 52, (Autocraft Mn Mo/ Argoshield 51 or 52)
BISPLATE 80
Autocraft Ni Cr Mo/ Argoshield 60 or 52
L.S.
Autocraft LW1/ Argoshield 51 or 52 Autocraft LW1-6/ Argoshield 51 or CO2 N.R. LA-100/AR+2%O2 L54, L54 Ultra/ CO2 or Mixed Gas, L56 Ultra/C02 LA6047*/CO2 or Mixed Gas Steelmig Super 4/ CO2 or Mixed Gas Steelmig Super 6/CO2 PZ6047/CO2 Or mixed Gas Austmig ES6/ CO2 or Mixed Gas PZ6000/ CO2 or Mixed Gas N.A. AN45252/ CO2 or Mixed Gas DO*65/CO2 Or Mixed Gas
Autocraft LW1 Argoshield 51 or 52 Autocraft LW1-6/ Argoshield 51 or CO2 N.R. N.A. L54, L54 Ultra/ CO2 or Mixed Gas, L56 Ultra/CO2 LA6047*/CO2 or Gas Steelmig Super 4/ CO2 or Mixed Gas Steelmig Super 6/CO2 PZ6047/CO2 Or mixed Gas Austmig ES6/ CO2 or Mixed Gas PZ6000/ CO2 or Mixed Gas N.A. AN45252/ CO2 or Mixed Gas DO*65/CO2 Or Mixed Gas
Autocraft LW1/ Argoshield 51 or 52 Autocraft LW1-6/ Argoshield 51 or CO2 Cobalarc 350-FC, Cobalarc 650-FC N.R. L54, L54 Ultra/ CO2 or Mixed Gas, L56 Ultra/CO2 N.R. Steelmig Super 4/ CO2 or Mixed Gas Steelmig Super 6/CO2 N.R. Austmig ES6/ CO2 or Mixed Gas PZ6000/ CO2 or Mixed Gas TD600/CO2 or Mixed Gas N.R. DO*65/CO2 Or Mixed Gas
N.R. LA-90/C02 or Ar+CO2 L54, L54 Ultra/ CO2 or Mixed Gas, L56 Ultra/CO2
LiquidArc
LA6047*/CO2 or Mixed Gas Steelmig Super 4/ CO2 or Mixed Gas Steelmig Super 6/CO2 Austmig ESD2/CO2 or Mixed Gas Austmig ES6/ CO2 or Mixed Gas PZ6000/ CO2 or Mixed Gas N.A.
W.I.A
Eutectic Castolin
M.S. L.S.
N.A. Not available N.B. Consumables in brackets will match mechanical property requirements in the majority of instances as per manufacturers recommendations and where the appropriate weld procedure is applied. Weld Qualification procedures should be carried out to establish actual Weld metal properties. *Consumable recommendations overmatch mechanical property requirements.
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SupreCor 5 or Verti-Cor 80 Ni 1/ Argoshield 52 N.R. O/Shield MC 120-55Ar +2% O2 O/Shield 70, 71, 71M/ CO2 or Ar+25% CO2 O/Shield 71C-H, 75H/ Ar+25% CO2 IShield NS3M, NR232 NR203M N.R. N.A. Easy-Core 70T-1/ CO2 or mixed gas, Easy Core 71M/CO2 Or mixed gas Easy-Core 71C-H, 75-H/ Ar+25% CO2 N.R. Fluxofil 42/CO2 or Mixed gas Fluxofil 20, 31, 36/ CO2 or Mixed gas N.R. N.A. Teromatec OA2020 N.R. X110-T5-K4/ CO2 or Ar+20% CO2 X71-T1/CO2 or Ar+20% CO2 X71-T5/CO2 or Ar+20% CO2 N.R. Dualshield II-110/CO2 Dualshield T-5/mixed gas N.R.
SupreCor 5 or Verti-Cor 80 Ni 1/ Argoshield 52 Cobalarc 350 FC, Cobalarc 650 FC N.R. O/Shield 70, 71, 71M/ CO2 or Ar+25% CO2 O/Shield 71C-H, 75H/ Ar+25% CO2 IShield NS3M, NR232 NR203M Lincore 55 N.R. Easy-Core 70T-1/ CO2 or mixed gas, Easy Core 71M/CO2 Or mixed gas Easy-Core 71C-H, 75-H/ Ar+25% CO2 N.A. N.R Fluxofil 20,31,36/ CO2 or Mixed gas Fluxodur 1430, 1855/ CO2 or Mixed gas N.A. Teromatec OA2020 N.R. N.R. X71-T1/CO2 Or Ar+20% CO2 X71-T5/CO2 Or Ar+20% CO2 Hardface T-O/S/G, L-O/S/G N.R. Dualshield T-5/mixed gas N.R.
LiquidArc
W.I.A
M.S. Matching Strength L.S. Lower Strength M.H. Matching Hardness N.R. Not Recommended N.A. Not available N.B. Consumables in brackets will match mechanical property requirements in the majority of instances as per manufacturers recommendations and where the appropriate weld procedure is applied. Weld Qualification procedures should be carried out to establish actual Weld metal properties. *Consumable recommendations overmatch mechanical property requirements.
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WIA
M.S. Matching Strength L.S. Lower Strength M.H. Matching Hardness N.R. Not Recommended N.A. Not available N.B. Consumables in brackets will match mechanical property requirements in the majority of instances as per manufacturers recommendations and where the appropriate weld procedure is applied. Weld Qualification procedures should be carried out to establish actual Weld metal properties. *Consumable recommendations overmatch mechanical property requirements.
WELDING PROCEDURES The specific effects of welding on weld joint properties in any practical situation will depend on many factors including the choice of consumables, total weld heat input, level of restraint, weld geometry and proximity of adjacent welds. Guidance on weld procedures for specific applications may be sought from Bisalloy Technical staff or consumable suppliers. ARC STRIKES Arc strikes outside the welded zone can result in cracks, particularly on dynamically loaded structures. All strikes should be made within the joint preparation. TACK WELDING Tack welds require special care due to the abnormal stresses and high cooling rates experienced by the adjacent material. The same preheat, heat input requirements should be employed and lower strength welding consumables considered.
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12 12 12 15 18 24 40 50 64 100 140
12 15 16 20 24 32 50 62 80 120 190
12 12 12 15 18 24 40 50 80 110 150
12 15 16 20 24 32 50 62 95 130 200
32 40 48 64 80
40 50 60 80 100
50 70 90 110 -
T: Transverse Bending Direction (refer to fig 1a). L: Longitudinal Bending Direction (refer to fig 1b).
Notes re Table 1
1. Above values were determined for plate at a temperature of 30C. If minimum former radii values are to be used, plate temperature should be at least 30C, maximum 100C. If forming at a temperature less than 30C, an increase in former radii of minimum 50% must be made. 2. When pressing is being done in a single pass operation, an increase in former radii of minimum 50% must be made. 3. When forming using these minimum former radii, flame cut hardened edge (heat affected zone of 1-2mm) should be removed.
4. The use of smaller former radii than in the table is not recommended. 5. For best cold forming results, ensure adequate lubrication between the plate, die and former.
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Delta C Drills. The grades of Bisplate 60, 70, 80, 320, 400 and 450 can be drilled using these types of drills. (Drills courtesy of Sandvik Coromant)
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AS3678-Grade 250 BISPLATE 60 BISPLATE 70 BISPLATE 80 BISPLATE 320 BISPLATE 400 BISPLATE 450
Note: This table applies when cobalt type high speed drills are used with a cutting fluid, if no fluid is used the speeds shown above must be reduced.
Drill Tip Configuration Using Cobalt Type High Speed Steel Drills
Table 2:
BISPLATE GRADE 60 70 80 320 400, 450 POINT ANGLE 118 deg. 118 deg. 118 deg. 125 deg. 150 deg. LIP/CLEARANCE ANGLE 10 deg. 10 deg. 10 deg. 7.5 deg. 5 deg.
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Further information can be obtained from your local Sandvik Coromant office.
COUNTERSINKING AND COUNTERBORING Countersinking and counterboring of holes is possible in all BISPLATE grades with best performance obtained using tools with a revolving pilot. The pilot increases the stability and allows tools with replaceable carbide inserts to be used. Cobalt type high speed steel drills with a pilot can be used for the BISPLATE grades 60, 70, 80, 320, 400 and 450. The cutting data will vary from machine to machine. A coolant should be used. Replaceable carbide insert tools should be used on BISPLATE 500 grade. Cutting Speeds and Feeds When Using High Speed Steel Cobalt Type Tools
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Fig 4:
Fig 5:
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TAPPING With the correct tools and cutting speeds, tapping can be performed in all the BISPLATE grades of steel. For the high hardness BISPLATE 400, 450 and 500 grades, higher alloyed taps must be used. Difficulties that commonly arise when thread cutting higher tensile strength steels include tap sticking, torn threads and the short life of taps. The Prototyp brand tools have been specifically developed for tapping in the BISPLATE grades of steel. With all tapping it is recommended that the cutting speed is accurately controlled. For best results, cutting oil or grease should be used. For through-holes of up to 2 times diameter in thread depth, in metric sizes, the following tapping tools are recommended.
Note: The introduction of stress concentrations (as a result of tapping) is an important consideration in fatigue applications.
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3 M1.6 M24 Cutting Oil 1.6 M3 M12** Cutting Oil * 6m/min using steam tempered taps and 15m/min using tin coated tips. ** For larger size threads, thread milling is recommended.
Bisalloy Steels wish to thanks Sandvik Coromant and Ti-Tek for the information pertaining to drilling, tapping and countersinking contained in this publication.
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AVOID VIBRATIONS Indexable inserts are sensitive to vibrations. These can be avoided or reduced by observing the following. When turning or milling gas cut edges the cutting depth should be at least 2mm to cope with the hardness and unevenness of the edge.
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OTHER MILLING REQUIREMENTS Firm clamping of the workpiece. Use cutters with the smallest possible gap between the teeth. Machine stability permitting, unidirectional milling is preferable, see figure 1. If a large cutter is used for the milling of small areas, place the milling cutter eccentrically to get as many teeth as possible operating, see figure 2. Avoid, if possible, the use of a universal cutterhead which generally causes weakening of the power transmission and the tool holder.
TURNING All BISPLATE grades, including those with hardness in excess of 360 Brinell can be satisfactorily with carbide tooling, provided spindle speeds and feed rates are reduced from those normally employed when carrying out similar machining operations on plain carbon steel. Reductions of 50-70% in spindle speed and up to 50% in feed rate may be necessary, depending on the hardness of the component being machined, High speed tools are not recommended. As an example, the following settings have been found to give satisfactory results when turning cylindrical workpieces of 25mm diameter from the various BISPLATE grades. With increases in stock diameter, spindle speeds will obviously need to be decreased.
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For operations under favourable conditions where higher productivity can be obtained GC 4015 could be used. For operations with high toughness requirements and where increased security is needed GC 4035 could be used.
Note: These recommendations are given as a guide only. And are based on stable working conditions. The geometry of the inserts used will be dependant on the operation. Eg. PF for finishing. PM for medium machining PR for roughing.
Firm clamping of the workpiece Avoid long overhangs for both workpiece and tool holder. Use correct tip radius: too large a tip radius, combined with insufficient clamping, causes vibrations. Small setting angles also can cause vibrations.
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FORMULA FOR THE CALCULATION OF SPEEDS AND FEEDS FOR GENERAL MILLING AND TURNING OPERATIONS. Formula for calculation of cutting speed: v= Dn
1000
m/min
Formula for calculation of turning speed: n= v 1000 m/min D Formula for calculation of table feed: u = n z sz m/min v = cutting speed m/min D = Diameter in mm of milling cutter or workpiece Z = Number of cutters Sz = Feed per cutter, mm n = Turning speed, rpm u = Table feed, mm/min
Bisalloy Steels wish to thank Sandvik Coromant for information pertaining to milling and turning contained in this publication.
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Where appropriate, these examples have been simplified as much as possible in order to facilitate ease of comparison between the different steels. Each example contains a brief explanation of the structural element and the loading applied. Also provided are some typical examples of applications in which the structural element may be utilised. DESIGN CODES RELATING TO THE USE OF HIGH STRENGTH QUENCHED AND TEMPERED PLATE MEMBERS IN STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS. There is currently no Australian Standard covering the design of structural elements utilising high strength quenched and tempered steels. The SAA Steel Structures Code, AS 4100-1990, may be used for the design of structures in steel grades up to 450 MPa, beyond which the general provisions of the code are not applicable. AS4100 does not exclude the use of structural steels in excess of 450 MPa yield stress. However, in order to adequately design and demonstrate the validity of a design in such steels, it is necessary to engage an appropriate international standard which has been specifically developed to cater for the use of high strength steels. One such code, and the most commonly used in Australia for design in high strength steels is the American Institute of Steel Constructions (AISC) Specification For Structural Steel Buildings - Allowable Stress Design and Plastic Design, June 1, 1989. This code has been proven to provide relatively simple and efficient methods of structural design for all types of structural elements, and has been used in the development of each of the design examples contained within this publication. A limit state version of the AISC specification is also available, and should be equally effective in the design of High Strength Steel structures. It should also be noted that Bisplate 80 steel, at 690 MPa yield stress, is right on the upper limit of 100 ksi yield stress steel covered by the AISC specification. Above this yield stress the AISC specification is not applicable.
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Structural column design was carried out for Grade 300 MPa steel using AS4100-1990. C Corresponding design was carried out for Grade 690 MPa Bisplate 80 Steel using the AISC specification. The results of each design are summarised in Table 1. Representative calculations are provided on following pages.
STEEL GRADE MPa 300 690 SECTION 500WC383 tf = 20 d1 = 400 tw = 16 bf = 500 WEIGHT Kg/m 383 207
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Ag = 48,800 mm2 Ix = 1,890 x 106mm4 Iy = 751 x 106mm4 rx = 197mm ry = 124mm fy = 280 MPa
Section Capacity NS = KfAnfy An=Ag=Ae Kf = 1.0 Ns = 13664 KN Ns = 12,298 KN > N* Member Capacity Nc = c Ns N
= 7,333 KN
OK
B5 Table B5.1
Fa = 40.29 ksi Check Local Buckling Flanges : 95 = 95 = 9.5 < b = 12.1 100 t Fy Kc 1.0 Slender Element
Table B5.1
6.3.3
Web:
Stress Reduction Factor for Flange, Qs = 1.293 0.00309 b Fy = 0.907 t Kc Stress Reduction Factor for Web, Qa = 1.0 Member stress reduction factor, Q = QsQa = 0.907
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Fy kl r
3
Eq A-B5-11
5 3+
kl r 8Cc
8Cc3 OK
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Structural beam design was carried out for Grade 300 MPa steel using AS4100-1990. Corresponding design was carried out for Grade 690 MPa Bisplate 80 steel using the AISC specification. The results of each design are summarised in Table 2. Representative calculations are provided on the following pages.
Note that a significant reduction in the depth of the beam was achieved through the use of Bisplate 80, in addition to the weight waving, while still satisfying the permissible deflection requirements. This is of great importance in underground mining and multi-storey construction applications, where head room is at a premium.
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Practical applications are : Heavy industrial structures Roof support in mining A box section is effective in long spans where additional lateral restraint is required within the beam section to compensate for a lack of external restraints. A common application of a box section fabricated from high strength Q & T steel in which the load configuration varies significantly from that described above, is in the lifting booms of mobile cranes. Structural beam design was carried out for both Grade 250 MPa steel and Grade 690 MPa Bisplate 80 steel using the AISC specification. The results of each design are summarised in Table 3. Representative calculations are provided on the following pages. Table 3:
STEEL GRADE MPa 250 690 SECTION tf = 40 d1 = 1120 tw = 10 bf = 500 tf = 25 d1 = 850 tw = 8 bf = 450 WEIGHT Kg/m 490 284
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EXAMPLE 4 HEAVILY LOADED TRUSS Consider a heavily loaded truss spanning 40m. Some examples of practical applications where such a truss may be required include : Underground construction supporting a trafficable roof (e.g. a hydro-electric power station). Multi-storey construction supporting several floors.
In this example the following loading parameters have been considered. Truss spacing 10m Live Load 3 KPa Dead Load 1 KPa Occasional Load 20 KN mid span The resulting load configuration is illustrated in Fig.13.
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*Figures in brackets correspond to the use of Grade 350 square Hollow Sections as web members. All other members are Grade 300.
tf = 10 tw = 8 tf = 10 tw = 10 tf = 8 tw = 6
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A revised design incorporating 690 MPa yield strength Q & T steel plates in the lower two sections produced the following set of values, shown in Table 7.
Table 7:
DEPTH (m) 2.85 5.70 8.55 11.40 14.25 PRESSURE (KPa) 28.5 57.0 85.5 114.0 142.5 HOOP TENSION (KN/m) 1194 2388 3582 4777 5971 PLATE YIELD STRENGTH (MPa) 250 250 250 690 690 PLATE THICKNESS (mm) 10 20 20 20 20 STRESS (MPa) 119 119 179 239 298
As shown in Fig. 15, this revised design resulting in a saving of 25% in the mass of steelwork in the walls of the tank.
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Please Note: Every care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of the design examples, however, the information is provided as a guide only. A structural engineer should be consulted with respect to use for specific projects. Bisalloy does not warrant the suitability of the design examples for a particular purpose. The purchaser relies on its own skill and judgement as to the suitability of Bisalloy 80 (Bisplate 80) for its purpose. Bisalloy Steels shall not be liable for any loss or damage howsoever caused arising from the application of such information.
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Plates delivered via central stock will not have a customer name For Export Orders
Customer Name Customer O/No. Plate Dimensions Grade Plate Number
Plate Weight
Plate Corners two diagonal corners of the plate are coloured with the relevant grade colour code. The other two plate corners are hard stamped with the plate number, which is then over sprayed with the plate number.
R.D.
Plate number
Colour Code
Grade Colour Code BISPLATE 60 - White BISPLATE 70 - Lime Green BISPLATE 80 - Pink BISPLATE 80PV - Pink/Red
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Bisalloy Customer
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Specify and certify a range of wear resistance products. Double check the tensile strength of structural grade materials. Assist in failure analyses and material identification.
Standard AS1816 Basis 10mm Tungsten Carbide ball (1) impressed under 3,000kg load 136 Diamond pyramid impressed under load 120 Conical Diamond Steel ball used for soft metals Rebound Method 10mm Ball impressed with hammered test bar Measurement Surface area for known load Surface area for known load Depth of impression under known load (15 150kg) Height of rebound Comparative impression Accuracy Approx % 2 Max Temp 50C
AS1817
50C
50C -
WHERE TO TEST? Testing can be carried out in the laboratory, workshop or on site. However, site testing with portable equipment can often have difficulties of access, surface preparation and vibration, which may reduce the accuracy of testing. TESTING PROCEDURES AND EQUIPMENT The table above sets out the methods of identifying common indentation hardness, and other types of hardness tests. It is absolutely vital to understand the specific uses, strengths and any weaknesses of and correct requirements and procedures demanded by each of these methods in order to ensure consistent, comparable results in testing.
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Without removing the entire decarburized layer by grinding or machining, the results of the hardness test will be invalid.
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Currently already unique among other manufactures Bisalloy goes to the extent of physically testing every plate produced that is, each one goes through the full process of grinding, test and measure. The size of the indentation is measured using the latest video imaging technology, which is interfaced with a dedicated computer to generate a BHN number to within one point. This testing procedure is now fully automated including automated grinding and indentation, guaranteeing an even greater and more consistent level of accuracy and repeatability.
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Fig 1 Material removal takes place by formation of chips Abrasive wear is determined by: Properties of wear material. Properties of abrasive material. Nature and severity of the interaction between abrasive and wear materials. They are related to the hardness of the material, hardness of the particles and the pressure between the particle and the material surface. According to the simplified abrasion wear theory, volume loss (Q) is proportional to the applied load (N) and inversely proportional to the hardness (H) of the abraded surface for a certain abrasive material applied Q = N/H It can be seen that, in a specific working environment, the wear loss of a material is dependent on hardness of the material. In general, as the hardness of the material increases, the wear rate decreases. To assess the wear properties of BISPLATE, three grades of BISPLATE (BIS80, 360/400 and 500) have been tested against mild steel, overseas Q&T steels and clad plates under sliding abrasive wear environment complying ASTM standard G65-86. DRY SAND RUBBER WHEEL WEAR TEST (DSRW) ASTM G65-86 DSRW is a standardised low stress sliding abrasion wear test designed to simulate the wear experienced in applications such as chutes or bin and dump truck liners for post crushed ore.
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Rotation
Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of test apparatus (Dry Sand / Rubber Wheel abrasion wear)
30min
130N
RESULTS 1.
In general, as the hardness of a wear resistant material increases, the wear resistance ratio increases (Abrasion Resistance Ratio = mass loss of mild steel / mass loss of tested steel). That is, steel with a hardness of 250 Brinell, i.e. BIS80, has relatively higher wear resistance than mild steel, which has a hardness of 120 Brinell. BIS500 has a hardness twice high as that of BIS80. Therefore it is expected that BIS500 has a resistance one time higher than BIS80 (see Fig. 3a and b).
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Fig. 3 Wear resistance comparison between BISPLATE and mild steel 2. Wear Rate Comparison between BISPLATE and Other Q&T Products
BIS 80 Structural Type BIS 80 wear was slightly better than one Japanese brand and slightly worse than another. All grades were however very similar in wear resistance. BIS 80 wear resistance was 60% better than mild steel.
Fig.4 Comparison of wear resistance between BIS80 and Japanese products
BIS 400 Wear Grade BIS 400 performed best from all the 400 grades tested. European grades, which were water quenched with leaner chemistry, were slightly worse than BIS 400. Oil quenched 400 type was about 5% worse than BIS 400 in the wear resistance rate.
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Fig. 6 Wear resistance comparison between BIS 500 and other products
PADDLE IMPACT ABRASION TEST The Paddle Wear Testing was conducted at the Advanced Manufacturing Technologies Centre (AMTC), a Division of Central TAFE, Subiaco WA. The testing offers a medium stress impact & sliding abrasion wear normally experienced by such components as chute liners, grizzly bars, and other impact plate liners in mining industries. The testing is performed by placing two specimens (test material and reference material) to be compared against each other at either end of the Paddle Arm located in a Drum. Both the arm and the drum rotate in the same direction with their speeds being 270 rpm and 45 rpm respectively as shown in Figure 1. Blue metal ore sized between 5.5 and 14.0 mm was used as the abrasion medium. Each test lasts 15 minutes. Three materials were chosen as reference specimens, BIS80, BIS400 and BIS500. The testing materials are listed in Table 1 below, including three Japanese products, four European plates and tow clad (overlaid) products.
Test specimen (held by the arm rotating at 270rpm) Drum (rotating at 45 rpm)
Reference sample
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Test Material Jap500 Euro500 Reference BIS500 BIS500 * European oil quenched 400 and 500 grade products
RESULTS Two samples from each material were tested against two same reference samples. The relative wear rate (RWR) of the test material was recorded as: RWR = (MLt x t) / (MLr x r), Where: MLt and MLr mass loss (g) of test specimen and reference specimen respectively, and t, r are specific densities (g/cm3) of test and reference materials respectively. Table 5 Lists average relative wear rates for the Paddle tested specimens.
Test Material (HB) Mild Steel (121) Jap400-1 (425) Euro400 (401) EurO4 (391) Jap400-2 (398) Euro500 (495) Jap500 (514) EurO8 (465) D60 (664) Dclad (573) Reference Material (HB) BIS80 (255) BIS400 (424) BIS400 (424) BIS400 (424) BIS400 (424) BIS500 (503) BIS500 (503) BIS500 (503) BIS500 (503) BIS500 (503) Relative Wear Rate 1.518 1.115 1.015 1.064 1.044 0.984 1.036 1.223 1.462 1.164
It can be seen that BIS80 performed 50% better than mild steel under impact abrasion condition. 400 and 500 grade Q&T plates did not show major differences between manufacturers although BISPLATEs did perform slightly better than most overseas products. Clad plates performed poorly under impact abrasion wear conditions compared to Q&T steel, especially high hardness D60 which experienced almost 50% more wear compared to Q&T plate. Higher mass loss from clad materials compared to quenched plates are caused by chipping off due to impact. Clad layer contains high volume of CrC and this layer is hard but can be very brittle. Under impact, brittle material tends to be fractured and chipped off easily compared to quenched plate.
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Figure 6.5 Fatigue fracture surface of a failed gear showing the concoidal beach markings radiating from the oil hole, marked (A). Also shown are the beach markings associated with fatigue crack growth (B), and the area where ductile overload occurred (C).
Fatigue cracks generally nucleate at the surface, and because crack growth requires a tensile stress, the direction of the fatigue crack is always perpendicular to maximum tensile stress.
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The fatigue diagrams produced from cycles to failure tests can be presented as either stress amplitude (Sa) or stress range (Sr) and for most steels takes a form similar to that shown in figure 6.7, the cycles to failure generally being represented on a logarithmic scale. Fig. 6.7 Diagram showing the form in which data is presented, relating number of cycles to failure for a particular stress.
It can be seen in figure 6.7 that after about 2 x 106 cycles the curve tends to flatten out, indicating an almost infinite fatigue life at stress loadings below a critical value. The critical value is generally referred to as the fatigue limit and for most steels is referred to at 2 x 106.
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For the simple bending situation of equal tension and compression stress (shown diagrammatically in fig. 6.6) where SMAX = -SMIN, R= -1. If only a tensile pulsating load is applied and SMIN = 0, then R = 0. When a pre-existing tensile static load is present and pulsating loads are applied R becomes positive; the limiting case of R = 1 when the static load equals the tensile strength of the steel. Obviously there can exist a variety of loading conditions between R=-1 and R = 1. These are represented in the form of a Goodman Diagram as shown in figure 6.8. It can be seen that Smin is represented on the abscissa (negative and positive) and Smax is represented on the ordinate. In such diagrams, the line ABCDE represents the stress ratio, R, at failure from -1 to +1 for a specified number of cycles to failure, i.e. 2 x 106.
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However, most structures involve welded connections, so that when examining a simple butt weld joint (with the weld bead left in place) a different Goodman Diagram emerges.
It can be seen in figure 6.10 that for butt welds when R = -1 (equal tension and compression) the fatigue strength of BISPLATE 80 is reduced by more than half its base material value (fig 6.9) and to substantially the same values of AS3678-Grade 250. This indicates that there is very little advantage in using high strength steels under such loading condition. On the other hand, for conditions where R is positive, i.e. high static loads with a superimposed pulsating load, there is a distinct advantage in the use of high strength steels.
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WHERE CAN HIGH STRENGTH STEELS BE USED TO ADVANTAGE? There are a number of key areas in which high strength steels can be used to advantage, in structures subjected to fatigue loading, as follows: PARENT PLATE MATERIAL UNAFFECTED BY WELD Welding can influence the fatigue behaviour of steels due to: (a) (b) (c) the existence of geometrical stress concentrations in the vicinity of welds due to weld deposit profiles. The presence of welding deposits such as porosity, lack of fusion, slag inclusions, etc, which facilitate the initiation of fatigue cracks, and The generation of residual stresses in the welded component.
Obviously, in structures in which welds are absent are absent or where welds can be suitably located in areas of low stress, high strength steels can be used to advantage (as fatigue strength is higher than for plain carbon steels). HIGH STRESS LEVELS In many structures, the load consists of a high static load with a superimposed smaller fatigue load. In this instance, it is relatively easy to exceed the permissible static stress or the yield of plain carbon steels. As we have seen previously, we can permit the same stress range at high stress levels as at low low stress levels. In these cases, R is in the range R = 0 to R = +1. LOW LOAD CYCLE NUMBERS The region for the permissible stress range is limited by the S-N curve and by the yield stress (or permissible static stress) of the steel. In other words, high strength steels are advantageous when the number of load cycles is less than 105, there is a full load spectrum (constant amplitude) and R = 0. SUITABLE LOAD SPECTRA In many situations, there are multiple fatigue loading conditions (different amplitudes) and hence it is incorrect to design with constant amplitude data if the load is of variable amplitude. WHEN IT IS POSSIBLE AND DESIRABLE TO INCREASE THE FATIGUE STRENGTH OF THE WELDS. There are a number of techniques available to improve the fatigue strength of welded joints, including: redesign of the joint itself, removal of butt weld reinforcement,
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Table 1: 0.2% Proof Stress at elevated temperature of 600C. However, the use of BISPLATE at elevated temperatures should be approached with caution. Prolonged exposure to excessive heat will lead to loss of mechanical properties including strength and hardness. This is primarily due to a microstructural change of the plate due to over-tempering. Any proposal for the use of BISPLATE at temperatures above 150C should be referred to the manufacturer. The following graphs show the results of high temperature tests performed on BISPLATE 80 and BISPLATE 400. Please note that these graphs depict instantaneous tensile measurements only and are not indictative of results when BISPLATE is exposed to excessive heat for a prolonged period of time.
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Stress (MPa)
The results of this project indicate the Bisalloy processed grades perform comparably or favourably with other types of structural steel in terms of the temperature at which the strength of the material is half that of its room temperature strength. This temperature was identified as being between 500C and 600C for processed grades. This temperature for greenfeed grades was seen to be beyond 600C. There was no significant difference in 0.2% Proof Stress at 600C between the processed and greenfeed samples, all values being in the vicinity of 300MPa. This compares with 127MPa and 140MPa for AS3678250 grade and AS3678-350 grade respectively at 600C The results confirm the suitability of Bisalloy products for use in structural and elevated temperature applications.
Stress (MPa)
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71974/BIS80, 12mm
72005/BIS80, 20mm
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