i Cng V Gii Lut Tu S

HT.Thin Siu ---o0o--Ngun http://thuvienhoasen.org Chuyn sang ebook 7-7-2009 Ngi thc hin : Nam Thin namthien@gmail.com Link Audio Ti Website http://www.phatphaponline.org Mc Lc
Ni dung ca Kit tp c ngha nh th no? Tn gi u-ba-li tng Lut Nguyn nhn phn ha Lut Nm b lun gii thch Lut Ni dung ca Lut tng Ni dung T phn lut Ch tr, Tc tr Phn tch Gii bn Gii thch bn Ba-la-di Gii thch mi ba Tng tn Gii thch hai Bt nh Gii thch ba mi X a Gii thch chn mi Ba-dt- Gii thch bn Hi qu php Gii thch mt trm Hc php Gii thch by Dit trnh

Khi c Pht nhp dit ri, cuc kit tp mi bt u. Cuc kit tp tng li Kinh tng v Lut tng. Trong Lut tng, b Lut u tin theo trong s nhc n l b Bt thp tng lut do Tn gi u-ba-li tm mi ln ngi tng th mi xong b Lut ca Pht dy.

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Ni dung ca Kit tp c ngha nh th no?

Kit tp: Phn t l Samgati, Tu dch l "Chng ng tng", ngha l c chng cng nhau tng li li c Pht dy. Tng bng cch no? Tn gi u-ba-li hay Tn gi A-nan- ngi gia chng c r tng cu nh: ngy hm , ti ch , ti c nghe c Pht dy nh th ny th ny... nu i chng c v no nghe Ngi dy khc xin pht biu, nu khng ai pht biu m im lng th cho qua. Tip tc tng on khc cng y nh trn cho n ht, nn gi l chng ng tng. Cuc kit tp u tin cha c vn t g ht. Kit tp bng ming c ln ri ai ny u ghi nh trong k c m thi. K c ca cc v ton l cc bc A-la-hn th gh gm lm. Nh nh vy ct m tu tp ch khng c mc ch g khc. ---o0o---

Tn gi u-ba-li tng Lut

Nh vy, v Lut b u tin l Bt thp tng do Tn gi u-ba-li tng, ri sau n bin ra nm b na: 1. 2. 3. 4. m-v-c b (Php tng b) truyn lut T phn, gm 60 cun. Tt-b-a-b (Hu b) truyn lut Thp tng, c 60 cun. Di-sa-tc b truyn lut Ng phn, c 30 cun, thuc Ha a b. Ca-dip-di b truyn Gii thot gii, gm 50 cun, thuc Cn bn nht thit hu b. 5. Ma-ha Tng-k b truyn lut Tng k, c 40 cun, thuc i chng b v c t b. Trong thi Pht, Ngi khng phn ra nm b lut nh trn, nhng trong qu trnh hnh ha, ty ch phm li m ch ra gii cho hng t bit v ln sau ng c phm na. l khi nguyn ca Lut. Sau khi c Pht dit , cuc kit tp ln th nht ch tng thun nht l tm mi ln ngi tng m thi. T v sau, qua s truyn tr ca Tn gi i Ca-dip, A-nan, Mt-in-a, Thng-na-ha-tu, u-ba-cc-a (Maha Ksyapa, Ananda, Madhyntika, Sna Vsa, Upagupta) u thun nht v, cha phn d kin v gii lut. n Tn gi u-ba-cc-a l v th nm, nhm khong thi gian sau Pht dit 110 nm, lc A-dc vng ra i. A-dc vng l v vua lc u cai tr rt tn c nn dn chng gn cho ci tn l Hc A-dc vng (A-dc vng i c). Nhng v sau ci c tng thin, qui y Tam Bo v tr

thnh mt Pht t thun thnh, h tr Pht php mt cch c lc nht, gi l Php A-dc vng. ---o0o---

Nguyn nhn phn ha Lut

Gio php c Pht do vy cng b iu linh, cc v t kheo mi on du ha mt phng, khng kt t vi nhau c, do m t ni mt b Bt thp tng lut li chia ra nm ni, nm nhm. Nm nhm ny ghi nh v c tng theo nm cch ring v vic hnh tr cng khc, nn to ra nm b lut khc nhau. Nm b lut l do nm t ca Tn gi u-ba-cc-a nm gi v truyn tng. Nm b lut l: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. m-v-c b truyn tr lut T Phn. Tt-b-a b truyn tr lut Thp Tng. Di-sa-tc b truyn tr lut Ng Phn. Ca-dip-di b truyn tr lut Gii Thot. B-ta-ph-la b truyn tr lut Ma-ha Tng K.

Nm nhm trn u truyn tr Lut tng ring m pht sinh thnh ra nm b nh trn. Nm b lut va nu v phn chnh th ging nhau, ch c sai khc v Badt- v Chng hc php. ---o0o---

Nm b lun gii thch Lut

Ngoi nhng b lut chnh trn, sau ny c nhng b gi l lun v lut. Nm b lun l g? 1. T-ni-mu lun, 8 quyn (tht truyn). 2. Ma-c-lc-gi lun, gi l Tt-b-a-b T-ni Ma-c-lc-gi, 10 quyn do Lu tng Tng-gi-bt-ma dch. Hai b lun trn da vo Tt-b-a b tc Cn bn nht thit hu b m gii thch nhng iu trong b lut m to ra lun ny.

3. Thin kin lun, hay cn l Thin kin lut T-b-sa, 18 quyn do Tiu-t Tng-gi-bt-ma dch. Ct gii thch T phn lut. 4. Tt-b-a lun hay gi l Tt-b-a T-ni-t-b-sa, chn quyn, mt tn ngi dch, ct gii thch lut Thp tng. 5. Minh liu lun, hay cn gi l Lut nh thp nh minh liu lun, mt quyn do Trn-chn- dch, ct gii thch gii lut thuc Chnh lng b. Hai b ny u thuc Chnh lng b, tc mt trong hai mi b phi tiu tha Pht gio. ---o0o---

Ni dung ca Lut tng

Khi ni Lut tng l ni chung c nm b lut v nm b lun gi l lut tng. S hnh tr v Lut ti n chc cng c s sai khc cht nh. Khi th cc T dng b ny, khi th dng b khc, nn i lc tng chng trong ni dung ca n c sai khc. Nhng ty theo a phng v hon cnh, cc T c th du di phn hc php, v vy, khi truyn qua Trung Hoa, T o tuyn mi ly mt b lm cn bn cho vic truyn Lut, nn T dng b T phn lut, pht trin thnh Lut tng m T l v khai sng. T T phn lut c din ging, gii thch v truyn b rt mnh. Vit Nam chng ta t trc ti nay cng p dng T phn lut hnh tr. ---o0o---

Ni dung T phn lut

T phn lut, 60 cun do Diu Tn Pht--da-x v Trc-pht-nim cng dch, chia bn phn. 1. Phn mt, gm hai mi mt cun: ni dung chuyn ni 250 gii ca T-kheo. 2. Phn hai, gm mi su cun: chn cun u ni 348 gii iu ca T-kheo-ni. By cun sau quy nh vic th gii, thuyt gii, an c, t t... 3. Phn ba, c mi hai cun: gm cc chng quy nh vic T t tip theo, B-cch, y, Dc, Casina y, vic xy ra Cu-dim-di,

Chim-ba, Kit-ma-ha-trch, v ngi, v ti ph tng, gi, ph tng, dit trnh, v php T-ni v v Php. 4. Phn bn, gm mi mt cun: l cc chng ni v phng x, tp, ng bch kit tp, tht bch kit tp, iu b T-ni, T-ni tng nht. Tm li, T phn lut gm c hai phn chnh: (a) Phn th nht ni v gii bn ca T-kheo v T-kheo-ni. Gii bn ca T-kheo c 250 gii, T-kheo-ni c 348 gii. Theo Nam truyn Lut tng T-kheo c 227 iu, T-kheo-ni c 311 iu. Cc gii iu tuy c khc, nhng ch khc phn chi tit, cn phn ni dung chnh vn ging nhau. (b) Phn th hai ni v hai mi kin (hai mi chng). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Chng Th gii: Thuyt minh v vic th gii. Chng Thuyt gii: Thuyt minh v nghi thc thuyt gii. Chng An c: Thuyt minh v ngha v s vic an c. Chng T t: Ni v ngha tc php t t. Chng B-cch: Khai cho cc T-kheo gp hon cnh c bit c dng cc loi da thuc. 6. Chng ni v Y: Thuyt minh cch may y v s dng n. 7. Chng ni v dc liu: Thuyt minh v cch dng thuc cha bnh. 8. Chng ni v Y Casina (Kathina): Ni v cch th y v x y Casina (cng c y). 9. Chng ni v vic xy ra Cu-dim-di (Kosambi): Ni v vic cc T-kheo tranh ci nhau, v ba loi c ti: (1) Bt kin c l c ci ti c li m ni khng thy, khng nhn ti. (2) Bt sm c l c ci ti nhn ti m khng chu sm hi. (3) c kin bt x c l c ci ti c c kin m khng chu b. 10.Chng ni v vic xy ra Chim-ba, ni v cc loi Kit-ma nh php v phi php. 11.Chng ni v Ha-trch: Ni v ch nh by th Ha-trch, tc 35 vic m mt T-kheo phm ti th khng c lm. 12.Chng ni v Ngi: Thuyt minh phm ti Tng tn, lc d bit tr php bn nht tr v cch sm tr nghip qu, sm dit phi php. 13.Chng Ph tng: Ni cc th tng ca ti ph tng v cch dit tr ti.

14.Chng ni v Gi: Ni v cch ngn nga v c ti ngi khc, khi c phi nm php l: Tri thi, chn tht, li ch, nhu nhuyn, t tm. 15.Chng ph Tng: Ni vic ti ph Tng. 16.Chng dit trnh: Ni v Tht dit trnh (by php dit s tranh ci). 17.Chng ni v Ni: Ni vic Ni chng th gii, thuyt gii. 18.Chng ni v Php: Ni cc oai nghi, php thc i li... ca Tkheo. 19.Chng ni v Phng: Ni vic sa sang tu b phng x. 20.Chng tp: Thuyt minh xen ln ht thy cc chng, v cch tr gii. o Tuyn Lut s trong "San b ty c yt-ma" tm tt hai mi chng trnh mi iu. 1. Chng tp php: Ni tng qut v s duyn thnh khng thnh ca cc php Kit-ma. 2. Chng kt v gii gii 3. Chng ni php th cc gii. 4. Chng ni o, thuc, th tr, thuyt tnh. 5. Chng ni cc php thuyt gii. 6. Chng ni v chng an c. 7. Chng ni php t t. 8. Chng ni v chia o (ca Tng cht) 9. Chng ni sm hi cc ti. 10.Chng ni vic ct yu ca v tr tr Pht php. ---o0o---

Ch tr, Tc tr
Gii lut th nhiu, nhng khng ngoi hai mn: Ch tr v Tc tr. 1. Ch tr l nh ch, nh ch khng lm cc iu c. Tc qui nh v iu gii, l gii, thuc ch tr. 2. Tc tr l tu thin, tc lm cc iu thin. Tc qui nh v cc php Kit-ma, l lut, thuc Tc tr. V d thc hnh gii bn l Ch tr, gi gn hai mi kin l Tc tr. ---o0o---

Phn tch Gii bn

V sao gi l Gii bn? y l nhng gii bn gc, chnh yu ca Lut tng. Gii bn ca Tng c 250, ca Ni c 350 gii. Ngoi gii bn chnh cn c phn Kin- dch m ch Khandha, c ngha l nhm, thin, chng. Phn tch gii bn gm c tm mc, 250 gii, chia nm thin v by t. Nm thin: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Ba-la-di c 4 gii. Tng tn c 13 gii. Ba-dt- gm 30 x a, 90 n a. -x-ni c 4 gii. t-kit-la gm 100 chng hc, 7 dit trnh.

By t: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Ba-la-di. Tng-tn. Thu-lan-gi. Ba-dt-. -x-ni. c-tc. c-thuyt.

( 6. v 7. hp chung gi l "t-kit-la") Nm thin l nng ch ti nng nh ca ti qu. By t l nhng loi t cn c ti tnh v nguyn nhn ca n. Thu-lan-gi l phng tin ti (tc nhn ti) ca Ba-la-di v Tng-tn. c-tc l ti nh thuc v thn. cthuyt l ti nh thuc v khu. ---o0o---

Gii thch bn Ba-la-di

Bn Ba-la-di: Ba-la-di, Phn t l Prjjka, Tu dch l Kh - b vt ra ngoi Tng chng. Ti Ba-la-di c bn, l bn ti phm vo th b b i, vt i. Mc bn ti ny coi nh b ra ngoi Tng chng, v vy gi l Kh (vt b). Phm ti ny gi l bt cng tr, tc khng c php tham d tt c cng

vic ca Tng. Lun Du-d-s-a cho rng khi phm bn ti ny gi l Tha thng - tc khi phm ti ny th b Ma thng. V sao? v ngi tu s v nh mt chin s chin u vi bn th ma: Ma phin no, ma ng m, t ma, thin ma. H nh bng kh gii g? H chin u bng cch hnh tr gii lut. Khi ngi tu s khng tr gii, khng gi gii th thua bn th ma , nh vy l Ma thng. Do phm bn Ba-la-di cng gi l phm Tha thng. Tha l k khc, thng l hn. Phm ti k khc hn gi l Tha thng. Nu phm ti ny th Ma hn. Cn phm ti di ti y th cn dn co, cha phn thng bi. ---o0o---

Gii thch mi ba Tng tn

Mi ba Tng tn: Phn t l Samgh-vasena. Phin m l Tng-gi-b-thisa. Tu dch l "Tng tn". Tng tn c hai ngha: 1. Ngha th nht: Gii lut l tnh mng ca Tng. Khi phm Ba-la-di coi nh cht hn. Cn nu phm Tng tn th nh mt ngi cht m cha cht hn, mi hp hi thi, nu cp cu kp thi, gp thy hay thuc tt th c th cu c. 2. Ngha th hai: Phm gii ny nu hai mi T-kheo hp li Kitma ng php, cho h sm hi th c th tiu dit c ti ny, nn gi l Tng tn. Trong Cn bn nht hu b gi l Chng gio. Chng l chng Tng, gio l gio dc. Chng gio c ngha phi c hai mi v Tng gio dc cho, cho sm hi th mi ht ti. ---o0o---

Gii thch hai Bt nh

Hai bt nh: V sao gi l Bt nh? V khng dt khot ti l Ba-la-di hay Tng tn hay Ba-dt-. N c th thnh ti Ba-la-di hay ti Tng tn hoc Ba-dt- theo li tr tn u-b-di, l v n c s c lng tin thanh tnh kin c, khng nht nh nn gi l Bt nh. Hai ti ny ch lin h gii bt dm, ch khng lin h cc gii khc.

Gii thch ba mi X a
Ba mi ti X a: Phn t l Nissagiya-pcittiya. Ni-tt-k Ba-dt- l phin m. Tu dch l "X a".

Ti x v ti a. Loi ti ny l ch cc T-kheo, dng khi phm vo m tri php th phi a. Mun sm hi ti th phi gia chng hoc i mt ngi m x vt ly dng tri php trc ri sm ti sau. Ni cch khc, khi cp n ti x a l cc vt s hu ca T-kheo, nh y, bt, ta c... li khng lm th tc tc php th phi lm php x vt, x ti, cha b tm l cha chp, tng tr ti vt khi a lc, n gm ba mi gii. Ai phm nn a cc phm vt y ra gia Tng, t bn v tr ln x v i trc mt v T-kheo ni ti v xin sm hi. ---o0o---

Gii thch chn mi Ba-dt-

Ba-dt- (Pcittiya). Tu dch l "n a". N lin quan n cc ti tiu vng ng, c st hi cn trng, cng vi n nhn i chung ng v.v... gm c chn mi n a l ti khng dnh dng g n vt dng ht. Phm th b a thi, khng cn x, nn gi l n a. ---o0o---

Gii thch bn Hi qu php

Bn hi qu php. Ba-la- -x-ni (Ptidesanniya), Tu dch l "Hng b hi". Phm ti ny ch hng ti mt T-kheo khc, ni r li lm phm v xin sm hi. Tm li l ti nh, c th hi ci, ngi phm c th ni ti vi mt T-kheo khc m xin sm hi. ---o0o---

Gii thch mt trm Hc php

Mt trm Hc php phin m Phn t l Thc-xoa-ca-la-ni (Sikkh Karaniya). Tu dch l "Chng hc". Chng hc php l nhng php cn nn hc. Nh cc sinh hot hng ngy, cc oai nghi nh nht.... Php ny ch yu l t trch ly mnh. y l ti nh nht, ti kh gi nhng ht sc d phm. Khi bit phm th t trch ly mnh n nn, t ha ln sau khng ti phm l . ---o0o---

Gii thch by Dit trnh

By Dit trnh php, ting Phn l Adhika-ramsama-thadharmh. Tu dch l "Dit trnh php". Tc by phng php tr ti hay by cch thc chm dt s tranh ci gia chng Tng. Phm 100 hc php v 7 Dit trnh kt vo ti t-kit-la, ch tm nim sm hi, hc tp, l . Ring v T-kheo-ni, Pht u i hn: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Ba-la-di khng phi bn m l tm. Tng tn khng phi mi ba m l mi by. X a bng nhau. n a khng phi chn mi m l 178. Hi qu khng phi bn m l tm. Mt trm hc php ging nhau.

Cng tt c l 348 gii. Cha ht, Ngi cn trao th mng Pht php cho Ni na. c bit l Ni c Tm knh php, nhng Tng th c nh bt nh, cn Ni th khng. Nh vy Ni hn tm, Tng hn hai. Ni th c ng thin lc t. (Trch "Cng Yu Gii Lut", Si Gn, 1996 ---o0o--HT