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THERAVDA - PHT-GIO NGUYN-THY T THANH TNH GII (CATUPRISUDDHISLA)

VANSARAKKHITA BHIKKHU T-KHU H-TNG PL. 2510 - TL. 1966 TI BN PL. 2537 - TL. 1993 ---o0o--Ngun http://thuvienhoasen.org Chuyn sang ebook 26-8-2009 Ngi thc hin : Nam Thin namthien@gmail.com Link Audio Ti Website http://www.phatphaponline.org Mc Lc
Phn 01 BIT BIT GII THOT THU THC GII (Ptimokkhasamvara sila). LC CN THU THC GII (Indriyasamvarasla). CHNH MNG THANH TNH GII (jvaprisuddhi sla). Phn 02 TH VT DNG GII PHI BIT VT DNG TH NO L TRONG SCH TH NO L KHNG TRONG SCH QUN TNG V TH VT DNG GII (Paccaya sannissita sla). CCH THC QUN TNG PHP QUN TNG (Paccayavekkhana) LM CHO GII TRONG SCH MI BN C PHP CHN C TNH PHC BU CA S TR GII Phn 03 NHNG IU CM RI RC GII V CCH CHO V TH GII V CCH THC SM HI

Phn 04 GII V PHP U (DHUTANGAKATH) U C 13 PHP GII V CCH TH TR U (Dhutangasamdna vidhndikath) I- CCH TH TR TRONG U THNG MC Y CA-SA NG GM NH PHM T(Pamasuklikanga) II- CCH TH TR TRONG U CH MC TAM Y (Tecvarikanga) III- CCH TH TR U THNG I KHUT THC (Pindaptiknga) IV- CCH TH TR TRONG U THNG I KHT THC THEO MI NH (Sapadnacrikanga) V- CCH TH TR TRONG U THNG NGI N TRONG MT CH (Eksanikanga) VI- CCH TH TR TRONG U THNG N TRONG MT BT (Pattapindiknga) VII- CCH TH TR TRONG U NGN ATRITTABHOJANA (Khaluppacchbhattikanga) VIII- CCH TH TR TRONG U THNG NNG NG TRONG RNG (Arannikanga) IX- CCH TH TR TRONG U THNG NNG NG GN CI CY (Rukkhamlikanga) X- CCH TH TR TRONG U THNG NG TRONG KHONG TRNG (Abbhokasikanga). XI- CCH TH TR TRONG U THNG NG NI M A (Sosnikanga) XII- CCH TH TR TRONG U THNG TRONG CH TNG CHO U TIN KHNG DI I (Yathsanthatikanga) XIII- CCH TH TR TRONG U NGN OAI NGHI NM ( Nesajjikanga) GII V S ON XT CHUNG TRONG 13 U (Sansavinicchayakath) GII V PHN PHT U (Byssavinicchayakath) Phn 05 PHM PARIVRA (Trch lc trong tng Lut) GII V KATHINA (Kathina Kath) 5 QU BO (nisansa) CCH THC TH KATHINA (Kathinatthna vidhnakath). GII V TH THC TH KATHINA KHNG C KT QU (Anatthatakathinakath) GII V CCH THC TH KATHINA C KT QU C (Atthatakathinakath) GII V NGUYN NHN KATHINA X (Ubbhatakathinakath). B BUC (Palibodha) HNH TRNH KATHINA X (Ubbhra hay Uddhra) PAKINNAKAKATH GII V CCH THC CC TH Y CA-SA PHP DNG Y KATHINA N TNG (SANGHA)

---o0o---

LUT XUT GIA (T Thanh Tnh Gii)


T THANH TNH GII (Catuprisuddhisila) l: 1) Bit bit gii thot thu thc gii (Ptimokkhasamvarasila). 2) Lc cn thu thc gii (indriyasamvarasila). 3) Chnh mng thu thc gii (jvaprisuddhisila 4) Qun tng th vt dng gii (paccayasannisstasila). -ooOoo-

Phn 01
BIT BIT GII THOT THU THC GII (Ptimokkhasamvara sila). Trong 4 gii trong sch, xin gii v: "Bit bit gii thot thu thc gii" l s thu thc theo iu hc trong gii bn trc. Gii m c Th Tn t thuyt rng: "T-khu trong gio php ny, thu thc theo gii bn, u c acra v gocra, l ngi th tr nhng iu hc, hay c lng lo s ti li, du l nh nhen cht t. Nh th gi l: "Bit bit gii thot thu thc gii". Ting Ptimokkha (Tu m l Ba-la--mc-xoa) ngha l "Php m ngi th tr ng n ri, n hng lm cho ngi c thot khi s thng kh, nht l khi kh trong bn ng d (cm th, atula, ng qu, a ngc)". Tt c iu hc m c Th Tn ch nh, hip li gi l Ptimokkha y, c th lm cho ngi th tr theo c nhiu iu li ch cao thng, nh c gii. Cu ni "thu thc" theo Ptimokkha y, l ni c thu thc iu hc m c Th Tn truyn rn li. Gii v ting cra v gocr: Phm cch ngi mong c iu hu ch, phi c gng hnh theo, gi l cra, tri li gi l ancra. cra v Ancra Trc ht, xin gii v ting ancra, v hai php y c s tng phn cng nhau: Ancra v ng d, cra v ng lnh.

Ting ancra l ni v s hnh c, do nghip thn, nghip khu, hoc lun c nghip thn v khu, tc l ni v s ph gii. Cn s nui mng khng chn chnh, l ni v T-khu nui mng nh: 1) Gi lm cch t chnh. 2) Gi lm cch vui v. 3) Ni m. 4) Gi b da hm. 5) c ni y em cho ni kia, c ni kia em cho ni y. 6) Cho tre. 7) Cho l cy. 8) Cho bng hoa. 9) Cho tri cy. 10) Cho cy xa rng. 11) Cho nc ra mt. 12) Cho vt tm. 13) Cho vt thoa di. 14) Cho t (ca Tng). 15) Tn knh k th. 16) Tht t, di nhiu. 17) Gi gim con cho ngi 18) Lm tay sai cho ngi. 19) Lm thy thuc cho ngi. 20) Lm k em tin cho ngi. 21) Chu cho ngi sai khin. 22) em cm cho ngi ri i kht thc sau m n. 23) Cho i, cho li 24) Xem thin vn a l. 25) Xem ngy thng, sao hn cho ngi. 26) Xem ti tng v xem thai n b ( trai hay gi). Nu T-khu c lng ham mun mong c li nui mng theo 26 iu t mng trn y, chng c gi l T-khu (tr ra khng c lng ham mun th khng k). Ancra chia ra c 2 nghip: - Kyika: hnh t do nghip thn. - Vcsika: hnh t do nghip khu.

Gii: T-khu khi vo gia Gio hi khng lng cung knh, ng, ngi, ng, chm, ln lc v cao h hn mnh; ng hoc ngi trc v cao h, ng hoc ngi cao hn v cao h, ni ma tay trc mt v cao h; v cao h i chn m mnh mang giy hoc v cao h thp m mnh cao; ng hoc ngi khng ngay thng; khng cho php v thp h ngi; ci trong nh khi m khng cho v cao h hay; i tm khng nhng cho v cao h; lc tm v khi tm xong ln, i vo xm hoc ra xm cng nh th. Hoc i n nh no, vo bung ca ngi khp ca; c ph n ngi u li i vo ni y; v u k trai hoc gi, cc s hnh ng nh th gi l ancra; hnh t do nghip thn. C v T-khu khi vo gia Gio hi ni nhng li v l, khng bch trc vi v cao h m thuyt php, hi hoc ging gii bn (Ptimokkha) ng ni, ma tay; nu i vo xm thy ph n, tr, hoc gi, ku ni: c ny, c cho khng? c cm khng? c bnh khng? c g ... ta n, ung? ... c chi dng? cc c ny! c chi dng cho ta? v.v... Nhng li ni y l ancra, hnh t do nghip khu. Cn v cra tc l thu thc theo gii lut tri hn vi ancra nh gii trn, v cng chia ra c 2 nghip: nghip thn v nghip khu, ging nhau. Ngi hc Pht nn ly lm ni xu hng. Tm li, ting cra ni v phm cch v T-khu c lng tn knh v nghim tr gii lut, c s h thn v gm gh nhng iu ti li, n mc theo iu "ng hc php" sekhiyavatta, i ti, thi lui, xem trc nhm sau, ngi, ng phi php, ng cho ngi knh trng, mt ng xung, oai nghi chn chnh, lc cn thanh tnh, c s tit , c tr nh, c s bit mnh satisampajanna, t ham mun, c lng, khng hay tr trn cng k th, hoc thin v theo ng phi, bit n n tr tho, tn knh ngi ng tn knh ... Nhng s hnh ng y gi l cra, hnh ng lut do nghip thn v nghip khu. Gocra v Agocra. Cnh vt (sc, thinh, hng, v, xc, php) m lc cn thng xu hng theo gi l Gocra.

Gii: lc dc nu ni cho tt l th c c d v lnh. D l t cch lm cho pht sanh ti, nht l phm gii. Lnh l t cch lm cho pht sanh phc, nht l gn gi gii lut cho trong sch Gii v ting agocra, c Pht c s thuyt rng "T-khu thng hay thn cn ph n, bn nam, bn n, T-khu ni, hng ru hoc lu luyn theo vua cha, quan li, ngi cao sang, ph h, k d, ngi khng tn ngng tam bo, hng khinh r Pht php, hay gy g cng tn v tng chng. Xu hng theo nhng iu y gi l agocra, tri li l gocra". Gocra chia ra c 3 iu: 1. Upanissayagocra: Ni nng nh c th lm cho c hnh pht sanh, nh thn cn cng bc thin tr thc. 2. rakkhagocra: Ci c th gn gi lc cn thanh tnh, nh tr nh. 3. Upanipandhagocra: phng php trau di c th buc cht ci tm, nh php t nin x. Gii: nhng bc thin tr thc c 10 li ni trong sch [*] hoc cao minh, hng t ngi nng theo Pht php, cho c nghe chn l cha tng nghe, nghe c ri cng thm ngng m, lm cho ngi ht s hoi nghi, pht sanh chnh kin. [*] 10 li ni trong sch (katthvatthu) l: 1. Appicchakth: li ni lm cho pht sanh s tit dc. 2. Santutthikath : li ni lm cho pht sanh s bit (tri tc). 3. Pavivekakath: li ni lm cho pht sanh s yn lng 4. Asamsaggakath : li ni khng lm cho pht sanh s quyn luyn 5. Viriyrambhakath: li ni lm cho pht sanh s tinh tn 6. Slakath : li ni lm cho pht sanh s trong sch 7. Samdhikath: li ni lm cho pht sanh s thin nh 8. Pannkath: li ni lm cho pht sanh s tr tu 9. Vimuttikath: li ni lm cho pht sanh s gii thot 10. Vimuttinandassanakath: li ni lm cho pht sanh tr tu thy r s gii thot. Nhng bc c cc php: tn, gii, vn, th, tu, m ngi no nng theo ri hng c hng iu hnh phc, nh th gi l Upanissayagocra.

Gii v ting rakkhagocra c Pht c t thuyt rng: T-khu khi i vo xm hoc i ngoi l, mt thng ng xung, xa li 1 si, i ng cn thn, nghim trang khng xem xe c, nga, voi, ... nht l khng n k b hnh (trai, gi) khng ng pha trn, nhn pha di ... nh th gi l rakkhagocra. Cn v Upanipandhagocra, c Th Tn ch ngay v php t nim x (thn, th, tm, php) dy ngi tu Pht phi dng php y phi buc cht ci tm nh sau ny: Yathdhambhe nibandheyya vaccham damannaro idha bandheyyevam sakkam cittam satiyrammane dalham. Ngha l: trong v tr ny, nhng ngi khi tp luyn b con, cn phi buc cht n ng yn ni cy tr, v nh hnh gi, khi tu tm cng phi dng php t nim x buc cht ci tm, mi c th gn gi tm c yn tnh, gi l Upanipandhagocra. c Nh Lai k cra v Gocra vo trong gii bn v l: Gii ca T-khu c trong sch l nh c hnh thm cra v gocra. Nhn , c Pht mi php cra chung vi gii bn.

---o0o--GII V TING "LO S NH NHEN CHT T"

Trong iu ng hc php sekkhiyavatta v khandhakavatta v.v... iu hc no thuc v v m phm th cng b ti cho nn gi l ti nh nhen cht t. i vi bc tr tu, du l ti nh nhen cht t, cc ngi cng chng dm d dui phm n. S lo s ca cc ngi lm cho cc ngi thy nhng ti y ln bng ni Tu-di, cao n 84.000 do tun. Bng khng, vi ti nh hn ht, nh ti c khu, cc ngi cng rt lo s, xem nh i ti "Bt cng tr". Chng phi cng ch th thi, cho n nhng nghip nh nhen m c Pht ni "Khng phi l ti, khng phi l s d dui", cc ngi cng chng phm. Phm cch ca bc tr tu lo s ti li nh nhen cht t l nh th y. Th tr mt vic no l ph thuc ca nhng iu hc "9 iu ca c Pht ch nh" [*] v gn gi hnh theo cho u , nh th gi l u theo tt c iu hc. [*] 9 iu ch nh l:

1. mlapnntti: iu ch u tin trong iu hc. 2. anupannatti: iu ch ni tip trong iu hc c cm nhiu ln . 3. anuppannpannati: iu ch nga s xy n (ni v 8 trng php ca T-khu ni). 4. sabbatthapannatti: iu ch i vi tt c T-khu trong x. 5. padesapannatti: iu ch i vi tt c T-khu trong x trung n . 6. sdhranappannatti: iu ch chung cho T-khu v T-khu ni. 7. asdhranappannatti: iu ch ring cho T-khu v T-khu ni. 8. ekatopannatti: iu ch ch i vi T-khu hoc T-khu ni. 9. ubhatopannatti: iu ch i vi c 2 bn.
KT LUN TRONG BIT BIT GII THOT THU THC GII

Tht vy, "Bit bit gii thot thu thc gii" m c trong sch l nh c c tin . iu hc m c Pht ch nh y, vc qua khi tu lc ca ch thinh vn, nn chnh mnh c Pht mi c th ch nh c. Nhn , cc T-khu phi th tr iu hc, chng nn tic s sng m phm gii, phi hnh theo bi k sau y. Ptimokkham visodhento appevajvitam jahepannattam lokanthena na bhinde slasam varam. Ngha l: ngi c c tin, khi th tr gii bn, nn liu thc, chng nn phm gii ca c Pht ch nh. Gii rng: Chim t hoch liu cht rng gn gi trng ca n th no, th cram liu cht rng gi lng n th no, ngi b h c mt trai, rt tru mn, rng gn gi a con th no, k no h 1 mt rng gn gi mt lnh kia th no, th ngi rng th tr gii ca mnh nh th y, hy ly n lm ni ch thit, lm cho gii c trong sch hon ton cng nh my iu k trn y. -ooOooLC CN THU THC GII (Indriyasamvarasla). c Th Tn t thuyt rng "T-khu th tr gii bn ri, nu mt thy sc, tai nghe ting, mi hi mi, li nm v, thn tip xc, tm bit cc php m chng cm xc, tinh tn gn gi lc cn, khng cho c php (tham, sn, si) nn c, nh th gi l Lc cn thu thc gii".
GII V TING "CM XC"

Chng cm xc l chng v s tip xc m cm ng, phn bit rng y l ph n, y l nam gii, y p, y khng p, y ngon, y khng ngon, v.v... ch phi trong phm vi y nghe m thi.

---o0o--GII V TING "TINH TN GN GI LC CN"

Phi tinh tn cn thn, chng ch khng cho lc trn thm nhp lc cn, ngn nga khng cho cnh nghch lm cho pht sanh s thng ght vo nhiu lon tm linh. Nu c cnh nghch tip xc, phi dng tr nh cn ngn, ngha l, ng h hng cho tm duyn theo hon cnh. Phi tinh tn hnh theo php cra v gocra cho u (nh gii trong : "Bit bit gii thot thu thc gii"). S tinh tn nh th ch ngn nga lc cn khng cho c php (tham, sn, si) vo lm hi thin php trong tm. Bi v c php vo c ri, th n lm tiu hoi cc iu lnh trong tm, v nh o tc vo nh vy.

---o0o--THU THC V KHNG THU THC

Trong Lc cn thu thc gii c nhng iu phn bit php thu thc vi php khng thu thc: khi nhng iu y cha pht sanh th khng th gi l thu thc hoc khng thu thc c. Th no gi l php thu thc (samvaradharma), th no gi l php khng thu thc (asamvaradharma)? 5 php phn bit thu thc l: Slasamvara: Php thu thc, tc l gii. Satisamvara: Php thu thc, tc l tr nh. Nnasamvara: Php thu thc, tc l tr tu Khantisamvara: Php thu thc, tc l nhn nhc. Viriyasamvara: Php thu thc, tc l tinh tn. 5 php phn bit khng thu thc: Dusslya: ph gii. Mutthasacca: hay qun. Annna: khng tr tu.

Akkhanti: khng nhn nhc. Kosajja: li bing. Gii: Khi 1 trong 6 trn tip xc vi 1 cn no m c 1 trong 5 php thu thc pht sanh th phi bit rng cn y T-khu thu thc trong sch ri. Tri li, nu c 1 trong 5 php khng thu thc pht sanh, th nn bit rng cn y, Tkhu khng thu thc. S thu thc v khng thu thc chng phi ch pht sanh trong 1 cn thi u (chng n c th pht sanh trong tt c lc cn). Mun bit nhng s thu thc v khng thu thc pht sanh, cn phi bit con ng i tng bc ca tm. y xin gii: con ng i ca tm trong nhn cn. Khi sc trn tip xc mt th nhng hin tng bit ng tip xc pht sanh, trc ht. 1- Bhavanga: tm thng tnh pht sanh 2 "st-na" (khana: thi gian rt ngn ca tc lc tm), ngha l rung ng tm thng tnh 2 st-na ri dit. 2- Kiriymanodhtu: l ci tm tm kim sc trn lm cho s tm kim (vajjanakicca) sc trn y pht sanh 1 st-na ri dit. 3- Cakkhuvinnna: nhn thc, ngha l s bit sc trong nhn cn, lm cho s thy (dassanakicca) sc trn y pht sanh 1 st-na ri dit. 4- Vipkamanodhtu: Tm dung np sc trn lm cho s dung np y pht sanh ln 1 st-na ri dit. 5- Vipkahetuka manovinnnadhtu: Tm xem xt chu o lm cho s xem xt chu o (santranakicca) y pht sanh 1 st-na ri dit 6- Kiriyhetuka manovinnnadhtu: Tm ghi chp sc trn lm cho s ghi chp (votthapanakicca) y pht sanh 1 st-na ri dit. 7- Javana: Tm tc lc [*] ty theo trng thi ca cnh gii, lm cho pht sanh php thu thc hoc khng thu thc. [*] Javana l ci sc mau chng ca tm bt ly v hng dng sc trn Khi tm thng tnh (Bhavanga) mi pht sanh th cha c gi rng thu thc hoc khng thu thc. Ch n khi st-na (javana) pht sanh mi c th nht

nh c. Bi tt c cc php phn bin cho bit c thu thc cng khng thu thc u ch pht sanh trong st-na cui cng l (javana) thi. Ch ni "Phi cn thn tr nh v rng gn gi 6 cn khng cho cc php l tham, sn nn c" l ch r rng: khi tham, sn khng nn c th gi l thu thc. Nu chng n nn c th gi l khng thu thc. Xin v d c thn th nh nh, 6 cn ca ca l ngoi nh, ng i ca tm v nh bung trong nh, tr nh nh ngi gi ca. Tt c 5 php thu thc v nh ca ci, 1 trong 6 trn v nh k dt ng, tham v sn v nh k cp; c 5 php khng thu thc v nh bn ty tng ca k cp. Khi ngi gc ca tc l tr nh qun phn s mnh, th tt nhin k dt ng, chnh l 1 trong 6 trn, s tha dp y dn k cp tt l tham v sn vo nh. K cp y tc l tham, sn, t em theo bn ty tng, tc l 5 php khng thu thc xng vo ph bung trong nh, tc l ng i ca tm cp ly ti sn, tc l thin php (Php thu thc). V vy, cho nn cn phi tinh tn gi gn 6 cn cho cn thn, ch nn h hng cho gic quan phng tng nh mt hay xem sc, tai hay nghe ting vn vn... Nhng li gii gi l: "lc cn thu thc gii"
KT LUN "LC CN THU THC GII"

Nh c tr nh m T-khu gn gi 6 cn c thanh tnh, lm cho cc c php, nht l tham, sn, khng th nn ci tm trong sch c. C li khen rng "Thu thc lc cn gii m c kt qu m mn ri, c th bo tn gii bn c lu di, v nh cy la m ngi gn gi tt ti, l nh c hng ro kn o, v nh T-khu khng th b o tc ph quy, tc l cc phin novo lm hi, hoc gi v nh 1 x kia c quan qun canh gi cc ca thnh rt cn thn lm cho bn tc khng sao xm nhp c". Hip theo Pht ngn rng: Rupesu saddesu adhorasesu gandhesu, phassesu, ca rakkhatindriyam ete hidvr pidahit susamvut na haranti gmamva parassa hrino. Ngha l: Con ngi phi gn gi lc cn khng cho iu nguy him tai hi pht sanh, v sc, thinh, hng, v, xc, bi khi cc ca nht l nhn cn, m ngi ng kht khao ri, th chng b ci chi l hi c, v nh trong x m ngi ng kn ca thnh chc chn, th o tc cng khng sao vo ph hi dn chng c.

Li na, nu T-khu no thu thc lc cn ri, v lng tham dc khng sao ph hi tm ca v c, v nh git ma khng th xoi thng mi nh lp kht khao vy. ng theo Pht ngn rng: Yath agram succhannam vutthi na samativijjhati evam subhvitam cittam rago na samativijjhati. Ngha l: Git ma khng th xoi thng mi nh m ngi lp kht khao th no m lng tham dc cng khng sao xm nhp vo tm ca ngi trau di ng n c. Nhng hnh gi no khi thy r cc c ca s thu thc v nhng ti ca s khng thu thc th chng nn di i, phi ht lng tinh tn gn gi lc cn theo li ch gii sau ny: Makkato v yvajivika arannamhi vane bhanto migoviya blo viya ca uttsito na chavelolalocanoadhe khipeyya cakkhni yugamattadasso siyvanamakkatalolassa nacittassavasam vaje. Ngha l: nhng ngi no mong c s li ch, th mt chng nn lol in nh kh trn cy, nh th nht nht trong rng [*], nh tr con s hi v xa thn quyn. Theo gii lut th trong khi i ng phi ng xung, xem chung quanh mnh li 2 thc, chng n chu theo vng tm, xt ci ny, suy ci khc nh kh trong rng vy. [*] Th trong rng thng hay s ngi bt git hay l bt n. Nn khi i i kim n l ra ngoi rng, th mt do dc ng bn ny dm bn kia khng ngt -ooOooCHNH MNG THANH TNH GII (jvaprisuddhi sla). Cch nui mng theo l chnh ca T-khu, khng phm 6 iu hc m c Pht ch nh v nguyn nhn t mng, hoc chng phm nht l 5 c php, nh th gi l gii nui mng trong sch. Gii v 6 iu hc: Su iu hc ny m c Pht ch nh l:

1) T-khu ch v nguyn nhn nui sanh mng, c s ham mun xu xa, b lng tham nn, ri khoe php ca bc cao nhn (php i nh hoc l php thnh) m mnh cha c, phm ti Bt cng tr. 2) T-khu ch v nui sanh mng, lm mai dong, ni cho trai va lng gi, gi p lng trai phm ti Tng tn. 3) T-khu khoe php ca bc cao nhn, ni khng ngay, ch ni m rng "Cc ngi hy xem T-khu no trong tnh x ca cc ngi, chnh v T-khu y l bc A la hn vy". Cch khoe mnh nh th, ch v s nui sanh mng, phm ti Trng ti. 4) T-khu v bnh ch v s nui sanh mng, xin vt cao lng dng, phm ng i tr. 5) T-khu ni v bnh ch v s nui sanh mng, xin vt thc dng, phm ng pht l. 6) T-khu v bnh xin vt thc dng phm Tc c.

---o0o--GII V 5 C PHP:

Nm c php l php hn, ti li m bc tu hnh phi xa lnh l: - Kuhan - Lapan - Nemittikat - Nippesikat - Lbhenalabham nijjigimsanat 1) Trong c php th nht Kuhan gii rng: T-khu dc li mun c ngi tn knh v khen tng, ni di khoe o c cao thng m mnh khng c v tm ni di nh my cch sau ny: a. Paccayapatisevana: Phng php ni di v s th lnh vt dng. Gii: c hng T-khu c th ch thnh n dng cng 4 vt dng, duy tm mong mi c my mn y, nhng gi b t chi, lm cho ngi tng mnh l k t tham, khng cnvt qu gi, ch dng vt thp hn thi (nh dng y d ca ngi b). V l y nn th ch tht lng tn ngng mnh. Ln sau h em

nhiu vt n dng cng mi chu th lnh v kim th cha mnh rng: Ta chng phi tham dng cc mn y, nhng mun cho qu ngi vui lng c phc, nn phi buc mnh th lnh. Chng phi ch gi di trong nhng ni y, m cn lm ra dng cao thng na, cho ngi cng thm tn trng mnh. Cc cch hnh ng nh th gi l di tr v s th lnh vt thc. b. Smantajappana: T-khu dc li, mun c ngi khen ngi, gi tr bng cch ni m rng: Cc ngi nn xem T-khu no mc y nh vy, thy t v thy gio th ca v T-khu y nh vy, T-khu trong tnh x nh vy v.v... T-khu nh th l bc Sa-mn cao thng, bi ngi c o c thanh cao. Hoc ni nhiu cch khc na, hoc t khoe mnh cho ngi khc tn tng. nh th gi l Smantajappana c. Iriyapathasanisita: hoc s di gi xu xa bng cch oai nghi i ng. Gii: C hng T-khu dc li bng cch hn, mun c danh li nn khoe rng mnh c o c cao thng, thu thc oai nghi (i, ng, nm, ngi) theo dng bc cao nhn, lm cho ngi lm tng rng mnh c y tr tu, hoc c i nh. Nh th gi l di tr bng cch gi b thu thc oai nghi. 2) Trong c php th nh (Lapan) gii rng: T-khu tham mun xu xa, mong c ti vt v danh ting, khi thy ngi n cha th nim n hi han. nu ngi ni n thnh ch tng th t mnh i thnh th cho, hoc t khoe rng: ta c t vua, ch cc quan ln, nh u knh mn. Hoc ni li ny ting n lm cho th ch phi dng cng vt dng cho mnh. Nh th gi l Lapan. 3) Trong c php th ba (Nemittikat) gii rng: tham mun xu xa mong c vt dng v danh d, hnh ng ni cho ngi phi b th ti vt n mnh. Nh T-khu thy, ngi c vt thc ngon, lm tung nh khng thy gi b hi thm bng th ny th kia, cho ngi bit rng mnh cn dng vt y, khin ngi phi buc lng em dng cho mnh. Cc c ch nh th gi l "Nemittikat". 4) Trong c php th t (Nippesikat) gii rng: T-khu dc li cch hn, mong c ti vt v danh vng, quyn chi mng [*] th ch, dng li ny ting kia, trch ngi khng bit iu, khng tn ngng Pht php; ni ln hoc ni xu ngi, hoc em n chuyn xu nh ny ni nh kia... nh th gi l "Nippesikat".

[*] 10 cch chi mng : ngi l k cp, ngi l k d, ngi l k lm lc, ngi l b, ngi l th.. 5) Trong c php th nm (Lbhenalbham nijigimsanat) gii rng: T-khu dc li cch hn, mun c ti vt danh ting, ly vt c ni y em cho ni kia, nh th gi l lbhenalbham ijigimsanat. Nhng l gii trn y gi l s t mng do 5 c php.

---o0o--GII V S BIT V CH

S bit v ch, l t cch hiu bit thp hn, khng c ch li chi. T cch c nhiu th thc khc nhau,nhng y ch lc thut 8 th thc: - Bit sch gii v thn th hc (angam). - Bit sch gii v cc nguyn nhn khc (nimittam). - Bit sch gii v thin vn hc (upptam). - Bit sch gii v php on im mng (supinam - mng l nhng triu chng m ngi thng cm gic trong lc ng). - Bit sch gii v thn tng hc (lkkhanam). - Bit sch gii v y phc b chut cn [1] (musikacchinnam). - Bit sch gii v s cng dng la (aggihomam). - Bit phng php cng dng v [2] (dobbihonam). [1] khoa ny thuc v B-la-mn gio [2] php cng dng (v mc canh) theo o B la mn T-khu th dng nhng vt thc ca th ch c lng tn thnh dng cng cho, chng nn hc hi sch tng tm cch nui mng bng s bit khng hu ch nh gii trn. T cch ca T-khu, nht l s xa lnh 5 c php v 8 iu bit khng hu ch tm th nui mng chn chnh, gi l hnh theo chnh mng vy.

---o0o--KT LUN TRONG PHP CHNH MNG

T-khu chnh mng do s tinh tn, thu thc theo gii lut, ngha l nh c s c gng, th php chnh mng mi c trong sch.

S tr gii ny ch nh c tinh tn chn chnh, hng xa lnh cc c php v s bit v ch nh gii trn, mi c th tm vt dng mt cch trong sch c. Theo l y, T-khu mong c iu li ch, chng nn th lnh vt dng nh nhp hn, tri l o. --- o0o ---

Phn 02
TH VT DNG GII
PHI BIT VT DNG TH NO L TRONG SCH TH NO L KHNG TRONG SCH

i vi cc hng T-khu khng tu hnh u , nhng vt dng ca thin tn thng lut php b th n ch tng hoc n 1, 2, 3 v T-khu, u gi l vt trong sch. Tuy nhin vt dng c do s hnh khut, lm lt ca ngi th ch c tm tha thch trong php u dng cng, mi ng gi l vt dng trong sch. Hoc vt dng qu gi hay thp hn c trong mt thi k, T-khu khng dng vt qu, em dng cho v khc v vt hn li cho mnh, nh th mi ng gi l vt trong sch cao thng. Vt dng khng trong sch l vt dng c do s t mng nh gii trong "Bit bit gii thot thu thc gii", trong ancra, trong 6 iu hc, trong 5 c php v trong 8 iu bit v ch, hoc vt dng do s bm d, lm thy thuc m c hay t mnh mua, i. Nhng vt y gi l vt khng trong sch. C li khen rng: T-khu no, du c s tai hi n sanh mng mnh, cng chng thi chuyn trong s hnh theo chnh mng, th cht ch chng chu dng vt thc khng trong sch, mi ng gi l bc chn chnh. Nh i c X Li Pht, mt th n, ngi au bng gi, tn gi Mc kin Lin hi rng: Thng khi s huynh mang bnh y, vy ch s huynh dng thuc chi chuyn tr? c X Li Pht p "Khi cn th, b bnh ny, ti dng cm nu vi sa ti khng c ln nc th bnh ht". Trong lc y c 1 v T-khu nghe c, bn bo ngi nu cm y nh li c X Li Pht ni khi ny. ng ta i kht thc ri em v dng cho c X Li Pht, nhng ngi chng chu dng, v cho rng cm ny pht sanh do li ni ca mnh. Ngi bn thuyt rng:

Vacvannatti vipphr Uppannam madhupyasam Sace Bhutto Bhoveyyham Sjvo garahito mama Yadipi me antagunam Nikkhamitv bah care Nevabhindeyyamhvam Cajamnopi jvitam rdhemi sakam cittam Vivajjemi anesanam Nham buddhapatikkuttham Khmi ca annesanam Ngha l: Nu ti dng cm sa pht sanh do li ni ca ti, th t bc tr tu khinh b c. Du rut phi li ra ngoi, ti cng cam chu cht, ch khng thi chuyn, lm h hi php chnh mng ca ti. Ti lm cho tm ti phi theo ti, ti phi xa lnh vt thc tm c do t mng v khng khi no dm phm t mng m c Pht rn cm u. C li k rng:. Anesanya cittampi saddhpabbajito yati. ajanetv vicakkhano jvam parisodheyya

Ngha l: Nhng hnh gi c tr tu, xut gia theo Pht php do lng tnh ngng chn chnh, phi lm cho s nui mng c trong sch, khng nn chu theo vng tm, th lnh vt dng thuc v t mng.

---o0o--QUN TNG V TH VT DNG GII (Paccaya sannissita sla).

Gii nng theo 4 vt dng l ni v t cch dng 4 mn y c trong sch, nh php qun tng. Ting vt dng l ni v vt phi dng mi c th sng c. Vt dng y c 4 loi l. - Cvara: Vt mc, p, trm cho kn thn th. - Pindapta: Vt duy tr thn th. - Sensana: Ch ngi, ch nm cho thn th an ngh. - Gilnabhesajja: Thuc cha bnh h thn th.

Tt c chng sanh trong th gian u phi dng 4 vt y du th no cng phi nh 1 trong 4 mn y mi c th sng cn c, nn gi l vt dng.

---o0o--CCH THC QUN TNG

V Dhtupaccavekkhana, phi qun tng chung vi thn th ca mnh cho thy ch l nguyn cht "dhtu", dt b s c chp l "ta hay l ca ta". V patiklapaccavekkhana, phi qun tng chung vi thn th ca mnh cho thy l vt khng trong sch, ng nhm gm, dt b s phn bit sai lm, cho l p l sch. Nu trong pindaptapaccaya th k vo trong php thin nh aharapatikla manasikra. V tamkhanikapaccavekkhana phi qun tng trong khi dng. Cn v attapaccavekkhana th phi qun tng thm khi dng ri, ni ngy y nga, e qun khng c qun tng trong khi dng, hu ngn lp lng i dc khng cho tm khn kht trong vt dng, nht l ph hu tnh dc, sn hn, si m v ng chp khng cho pht sanh v s th dng y. Nu T-khu dng vt dng m khng qun tng, th s th dng n ch em li nhng thng kh trong ng d, nh c Pht ngn rng: Ayasva malam samutthyataddutthya, tamava khdati evam atidhonacrinam snikammni nayanti duggatim. Ngha l: Vt d sanh t ni st (r st), ra t ni st, tr li n st th no, th cc iu to tc pht khi trong tm, hng dt dn ngi lm si, khng cho qun tng vt dng ri dng, nn phi chu sa vo cnh kh, cng nh th y.

---o0o--GII V 4 PHN TH DNG

S dng vt dng chia ra c 4 phn: 1) Theyyaparibhoga, dng nh k trm l: s dng ca T-khu ph gii 2) Inaparibhoga, dng nh k mc n: l s dng ca T-khu c gii, nhng khng c qun tng. 3) Dyajjaparibhoga, dng nh ca di sn phi c: l s dng ca bc hu hc (t Tu hn n A-na-hm). 4) Smiparibhoga, dng nh ca ch: l s dng ca hng v hc (A-la-hn).

1) Trong s dng th nht Theyyaparibhoga gii rng: T-khu ph gii, ri n mnh n ln th vt dng ca th ch chung vi tng gi l trm vt dng ca th ch em dng, v th ch ch tm dng cng n T-khu c gii mong hng c nhiu qu phc. Chng phi h tm dng n T-khu ph gii u, T-khu ph gii c che mt ngi, th lnh v dng vt dng, cho nn gi l trm ca th ch. Chng nhng ch th thicng cn gi l cp ca cc T-khu c gii trong sch na. V cc vt h dng cho s tn ngng y, c Th Tn ch cho php cc bc T-khu, c gii c th hng, m T-khu ph gii li n mnh, che mt th ch, nhn lnh dng. Cho nn gi l cp ot vt dng ca Tkhu c gii. 2) Trong Inaparibhoga gii rng: T-khu c gii trong sch, nhng dng vt m khng c qun tng trong 3 thi, theo 1 trong 4 php qun tng, nh th gi l dng vt nh k mc n. T-khu mc n ca th ch khng c th vy vng cho khi ch sanh t c, v nh ngi thiu n khng sao i n x no theo s thch c. Bi c y T-khu c gii trong sch nn qun tng trong mi ln mc, trong mi ming cm, trong mi ch , mi khi i vo ng. Lc dng thuc, phi qun tng lun trong khi th lnh v trong khi ung. 3) Trong Dyajjaparibhoga gii rng: Bc thnh nhn hu hc nh con ca c Th Tn c php th lnh di sn ca ngi. Bn mn vt dng m th ch hng b th bng c tin, v nh di sn ca ngi li cho cc con. Bi c y, s dng 4 mn vt dng ca bc hu hc, c quyn gii c. S dng ca Tkhu c gii v c qun tng gi l khng mc n (nanaparibhoga). Nh th cng c, v tri hn vi inaparibhoga hoc gi l dyajjaparibhoga cng c, v T-khu c gii v cng nh bc hu hc vy. 4) Trong Smiparibhoga gii rng: Cc bc v hc thot khi vng n l ca s ham mun. Cc ngi c danh hiu l ch ca vt dng, v cc ngi dng vt ca ngi no, hng lm cho ngi y c mn nguyn. Trong 4 phn th dng y c smiparibhoga l cao thng hn tt c, dyajjaparibhoga cao thng bc trung. Cn theyyaparibhoga v inaparibhoga th khng gpi l cao thng c. Nh th, paccayasannissitasla, cha h hoi v gii y trong sch do s qun tng. Min l c qun tng ri, du ch qun tng 1 php trong vt dng no 1 ln, hoc 2 ln cng c gi l cha h hoi. Tr ra n mt tri mc

ln m khng c qun tng ln no, mi gi l h hoi, v T-khu y phi b trong vng inaparibhoga na. y l ni v 3 vt dng trn. Cn v thuc men, phi qun tng trong khi th v khi dng mi nn, nu khng c qun tng trong khi th, ch phi qun tng trong khi dng cng c. Nu khng c qun tng khi dng, du c qun tng trong khi th cng phm Tc c. Ptimokkha samvarasla cng h hoi na, nhng paccayasannissitasla cha sao, ch khi gii hn ca attapaccavekkhana qua ri, mi h hoi v tamkhanikapaccavekkhana, trong gilnapaccava gn gi c c Ptimokkha samvarasla v paccayasannissitasla, cn attapaccavekkhana khng cn qun tng cng c. C 2 gii cng khng h hoi, nu khng c qun tng tamkhanikapaccavekkhana, du c qun tng attapaccavekkhana, th ch c c paccayasannissitasla, cn Ptimokkha samvaraslaphi h hoi v T-khu y phm Tc c ri.

---o0o--KT LUN TRONG TH VT DNG GII (Avasna kath paccayasannissita sla)

Tht vy, th vt dng gii ny, hnh gi c kt qu nh th lc ca tr tu, ngha l tr tu l php h tr cho c kt qu. Gii y ch c ngi tr tu thy r ti v phc trong cch th 4 vt dng, mi c th thnh tu c. Bi c y, hnh gi nn dt s say m theo 4 vt dng v nn dng tr tu qun tng theo cch thc nh gii trc, ri mi nn dng. C li khen rng: nu T-khu hnh theo cch thc nh th, T-khu y uc gi l ngi va theo li nguyn u tin [*] ca mnh ng theo k ngn nh vy. Pindam vihram sayansananca Sutvna sanghtirajpavhanam Sankhya seve varapannsvako Tasmhi pinde sayansane ca pe ca-sanghtirajpavhane Etesu dhammesu anpalitto Bhikkhu yath pokkhare vrivindu Klena laddh parato anuggah Khajjesu bhojjesu ca syanesu ca Mattam sojanna satatam upatthito Vanassa lepanarhane yath

Kantre puttamamsamva akkhassabbhanja nam yath. Evam hati hram ypanya amucchito. Ngha l: Hng thinh vn, ngi c tr tu thanh cao, khi c nghe php m bc thin th ging gii ri, cn phiqun tng trc ri mi nn dng: vt n, ch ngi, ch nm, thuc cha bnh, nc git, y 2 lp. Bi c y, khng nn say m trong vt thc, ch ngi, ch nm, thuc cha bnh, nc git, y 2 lp y u, phi c t cch trn tru khng dnh mc, nh git ma rt trn l sen vy. T-khu l ngi c tr nh lun lun, cn phi tit trong vt ngt, vt mc v cc vt thc m mnh c theo thi, tip th ch cng nh d dt trong s r rm mt gh do s thoa thuc vy. [*] li nguyn u tin l ni v li ca v kit ma dy bo 4 php nng sau khi va th xong c tc gii, m mnh th bng ting ma-bhante. Ngi i ng xa, cc chng phi n tht con gn gi sinh mng trong khong ng nguy him, ngi xa phu bt c d mi n du thoa c xe th no, th hnh gi buc lng th thc duy tr sanh mng ca mnh cng nh th y, chng nn v l g, m say m trong vt thc.

---o0o--PHP QUN TNG (Paccayavekkhana)

Nhng ngi xut gia tu Pht phi bit php qun tng y hng ngy, phi hc n cho thng thuc nm lng, c ting phn v ngha l. Cc php qun tng y c 4 l: - Y phc cho ngi xut gia dng nht l y ca-sa. - Vt thc cho ngi xut gia c php n t mt tri mc n ng bng, nht l cm v bnh. - Ch ng cho ngi xut gia an ngh. - Thuc cho ngi xut gia dng nga bnh. Trong mi php y u c cch qun tng khc nhau l: - Qun tng v nguyn cht y phc. - Qun tng v nguyn cht vt thc. - Qun tng v nguyn cht ch - Qun tng v nguyn cht thuc men.

---o0o--I- PHP QUN TNG V NGUYN CHT Y PHC (Dhtipaccavekkhana)


Php qun tng ny dy phi thm xt trong khi th lnh 4 mn vt dng y cho thy r nguyn cht ca n. 1) Khi th lnh y phc phi qun tng bng cc ny: Yathpaccayampavattamnam dhtumattamevetam yadidam tadupabhujaloca puggalo dhtumattakonisattonijjvosunno. Y phc ny hn tht l 1 nguyn cht, ch lm ra dng. Du ta l ngi dng n chng hn, n cng l 1 nguyn cht thi chng phi l th, chng phi l ta, cng chng phi l vt chi chi c. 2) Khi th lnh mn n phi qun tng bng cc ny: Yathpaccayampavattamnam dhtumattamevetam yadidam tadupabhujaloca puggalo dhtumattakonisattonijjvosunno. Mn n ny hn tht l 1 nguyn cht, ch lm ra dng. Du ta l ngi dng n chng hn, n cng l 1 nguyn cht thi chng phi l th, chng phi l ta, cng chng phi l vt chi chi c. 3) Khi th lnh ch phi qun tng bng cc ny: Yathpaccayampavattamnam dhtumattamevetam yadidam tadupabhujaloca puggalo dhtumattakonisattonijjvosunno Ch ny hn tht l 1 nguyn cht, ch lm ra dng. Du ta l ngi dng n chng hn, n cng l 1 nguyn cht thi chng phi l th, chng phi l ta, cng chng phi l vt chi chi c. 4) Khi th lnh thuc men phi qun tng bng cc ny: Yathpaccayampavattamnam dhtumattamevetam yadidam gilnappaccaya bhesajja parikkhro tadupabhujaloca puggalo dhtumattakonisattonijjvosunno sensanam piindapto cvaram

Thuc men cho ngi bnh dng y hn tht l 1 nguyn cht, ch lm ra dng. Du ta l ngi dng n chng hn, n cng l 1 nguyn cht thi chng phi l th, chng phi l ta, cng chng phi l vt chi chi c.

---o0o--II- PHP QUN TNG V VT NG GH GM (Patiklapaccavekkhna)


Php ny dy phi qun tng trong khi sp dng 4 vt dng y cho thy r l vt ng nhm gm. 1) Khi sp mc y phc, phi qun tng bng cch ny. Sabbnipanimnicvarni ajigucchanyni imamptikyam patvativiyajiguechanynijyanti Nhng y phc ny, vn chng phi l vt ng nhm gm. nhng n khi ng vo mnh hi thi ny gi no ri, th lin tr nn vt ng nhm gm lm. 2) Khi sp mc vt thc, phi qun tng bng cch ny. Sabbopanyam pindapto ajigucchanyni imamptikyam patvativiyajiguechanynijyanti Nhng mn n ny, vn chng phi l vt ng nhm gm. Nhng n khi ng vo mnh hi thi ny gi no ri, th lin tr nn vt ng nhm gm lm. 3) Khi sp vo ch , phi qun tng bng cch ny. Sabbnipanimnisenni ajigucchanyni imamptikyam patvativiyajiguechanynijyanti Nhng ch ny, vn chng phi l vt ng nhm gm. nhng n khi ng vo mnh hi thi ny gi no ri, th lin tr nn vt ng nhm gm lm. 4) Khi spdng thuc men, phi qun tng bng cch ny. Sabbopanyam gilnappacceyabhesajjaparikkhro ajigucchanyni imamptikyam patvativiyajiguechanynijyanti

Nhng vt bo dng thn th tc l thuc men dnh ring cho ngi bnh dng, vn chng phi l vt ng nhm gm. Nhng n khi ng vo mnh hi thi ny gi no ri, th lin tr nn vt ng nhm gm lm.

---o0o--III- PHP QUN TNG TRONG KHI DNG CC VT DNG (Tamkhanikapaccavekkhana)


Php ny dy phi qun tng trong khi dng 4 vt dng: 1) Khi th mc y phc phi qun tng bng cc ny: Patisamkhyoniso cvarampatisevmiyva devastassapatightya unhassapatightya damsamakasavtatapasirimsapa samphass nampatightya yvadevahirikopinappaticchdanattham. Ngi xut gia phi qun tng rng: Ta mc y phc y nga s lnh, nng, mui,mng, nng, gi, rn nh, rn ln v che thn th cho khi h thn (la th) vy thi. 2) Khi n phi qun tng bng cc ny: Patisamkhyoniso pindptampatisevminevadavyana madya namandanyanavibhsanya yvadeya imassa kyassathitiy ypanyavihimsu paratiy brahmacariynuggahya itipurnancavedanam patihamkhmina vancavedanamnauppdessmi ytrcamebhavissati anavajjatcaphsuvi hrocti. Ngi xut gia phi qun tng rng: Ta th thc y chng phi chi nh tr con th, cng chng phi dng sc cho mnh, say m nh k nh ln, chng phi trau di sc thn nh ph n, chng phi im trang nhan sc nh k chi bi ng im. Ta th thc ch cho thn tm c mnh khe, ng chnh s kh nhc, hu tu hnh theo o cao thng, cho ta dit tr ci kh qua l s i kht v nga s n qu . Cch hnh ng trong 4 oai nghi s pht sanh n cho ta nh s th thc ny. 3) Khi vo ch c ng, trong tht, nh, phi qun tng bng cc ny:

Patisamkhyoniso senpanampati sevmiy vadevastassapati ghtyanuhassapatightyassnam patightya yvadeva utuparissayavinodanam patisalnrmattham Ngi xut gia phi qun tng rng: Ta dng ch y trnh s lnh, nng, mui, mng, gi, nng, rn nh, rn ln, trnh s kh chu bi thi tic v c ni thanh vng tham thin nhp nh. 4) Khi dng thuc nga bnh, phi qun tng bng cc ny: Patisamkhyoniso gilnappaccayabhesajjaparikkhrampatise vmi yva devauppannnam veyybdhiknam vedannam patightya abypajjhaparamatvti Ngi xut gia phi qun tng rng: Ta dng thuc dng thn y l thuc m ngi bnh dng nga nhng bnh hon pht khi ln ri, cho ng trnh khi kh no, nng n thng c.

---o0o--IV- PHP QUN TNG CC VT DNG DNG RI (Attapaccavekkhana)


Php ny dy phi qun tng 4 vt dng khi dng ri trong ngy y, ngha l vt dng dng qua 1 ngy, 1 m, phi hi tng trc khi mt tri mc. Trong mi mn dng phi qun tng 1 hoc 2 ln, 3 ln cng c. 1) Khi qun tng y phc phi qun tng bng cch ny: Ajjamay apaccavekkhitvyam cvaram paribhuttam tamyvadevastassapatightya unhassapatightya damsamakassavt tapasirimsappasamphassnampatightya yvadeva hirikopinappaticchdanattham Y phc no m ta cha qun tng m mc trong ngy nay ri, y phc y ta mc nga s lnh, s nng, mui, mng, nng, gi, rn nh, rn, ln, cho ng che thn th v trnh iu h thn (la th). 2) Khi qun tng vt thc phi qun tng bng cch ny: Ajjamay apaccavekkhitvyo pindapto paribhutto sonevadavyanamadnanam danyanavibhsanya yvadeva

imassakyassathittiy ypanyavihimsuparatiybrahma cariy nuggahay itiprnancavedanam patihamkhmi navancavadanamna upppdessmi ytrcamebhavissatiana vajjatca phsuvihrocti. Vt thc no ta cha qun tng m ta dng trong ngy nay ri, Ta th thc y chng phi chi nh tr con th, cng chng phi dng sc cho mnh, say m nh k nh ln, chng phi trau di sc thn nh ph n, chng phi im trang nhan sc nh k chi bi ng im. Ta th thc ch cho thn tm c mnh khe, ng chnh s kh nhc, hu tu hnh theo o cao thng, cho ta dit tr ci kh qua l s i kht v nga s n qu . Cch hnh ng trong 4 oai nghi, s v ti nht l thn tm khng bing nhc v s an lc trong 4 oai nghi, ch pht sanh n ta l do nh s th thc ny. 3) Khi qun tng ch phi qun tng bng cch ny: Ajjamay apaccavekkhitvyam sensanam paribhuttam tamyvedevastassapatiighhtya unhassapatightya damsamakasavtta pasirimsapasamphasnam patightya yvadevautuparissayavino danam patisallnrmattham. Ch no m ta cha qun tng m ta vo c ng trong ngy nay ri, l trnh s lnh, nng, mui, mng, gi, nng, rn nh, rn ln trnh s kh chu b thi tic v c ni thanh vng tham thin nhp nh. 4) Khi qun tng thuc ung phi qun tng bng cch ny: Ajjamay apaccavekkhitvyo gilnappaccayabhesajjaparikkhro paribhutto soyvadevauppannnam veyybdhiknam vedannampatightya abypajjhaparamatyti. Thuc ung dng thn l thuc cho ngi bnh dng, ta dng cho ngy nay m ta cha c qun tng. Thuc y tadng nga nhng bnh hon pht khi ln ri, cho ng trnh khi kh no, nng ne thng c.

---o0o--LM CHO GII TRONG SCH TI BO TRONG S PH GII (Slavipatydnavakath)


Ni tm li, php lm cho gii c trong sch ch do 2 iu l:

- Thy ti trong s ph gii. - Thy phc trong s tr gii. y xin gii v s ph gii trc. Trong phm Anguttaranikya pancakanipta. c Pht c ging 5 iu nh vy. 1. Ngi ph gii, ngi khng c gii hng b tiu hy ca ci mau l, v v nguyn nhn s d dui. 2. Danh xu ca ngi ph gii, ngi khng c gii hng b n xa n cc hng. 3. Ngi khng c gii, khi vo ch hi, khng c ti tnh, hng i ngi h thn, gc my. 4. Ngi khng c gii, hng m lon tinh thn trong khi hp hi. 5. Ngi khng c gii, khi ta r ng un hng th sanh trong cnh kh . Li na, k ph gii khng c va lng ch thin v khng ng cho bc phm hnh dy bo, phi chu iu kh no v lo ngi, v b ngi i ch trch. K ph gii hng hi hn, v c nghe ngi i ngi khen bc c gii, thng c mu da xu xa dng nh vi lm bng v cy v phi chu s kh lu di trong ng d. Ngi khng c gii, nu th lnh vt dng, th lm cho k tn th t phc, l ngi kh trau di cho mnh tr nn trong sch c, v nh hm phn cht cha lu nm, l ngi tiu hoi, xa la cc c tnh ca hng Sa-mn v ti sn ca c s, v nh ng tro tn thiu t thi cn st li. Du c xng mnh l T-khu cng vn khng-phi l T-khu. V nh cc con la theo dnh by b, hng ngy lm cho b git mnh lun. K y b cho l cu th vi tt c loi ngi, khng ng cho ngi khc chung ch, dng nh t thi, du c vn c [1] (suta) cng khng ng cho hng phm hnh dng cng, dng nh la trong rng m a khng ng cho bc B-la-mn chim bi, l ngi abhabba trong s gic ng cc c cao thng, dng nh ngi m khng th xem thy sc, l ngi khng cn trng cy ni Pht php, dng nh tr con thp hn [2] khng cn mong mi th hng ngi vua, du tng rng: ta c s vui cng chng khc chi c kh. [1] Vn c l c tnh trong s c nghe c hc hi nhiu [2] c vua dng ph n hng dn d lm th phi, sanh c con trai, con trai y gi l trai thp hn khng sao ln ngi vua c.

C k ngn rng: Abhivdansdiyane kim nma sukham vipannaslassa dalhavlarajjughamsanadukkha dhikadukkha bhgissa Ngha l: Vui trong ng dc mang qu kh, bt rt nng ny nhiu hn iu kh pht sanh do s m ng la. Khi ngi ph gii khng chu b tnh xu y ra, th s vui chnh thc khng sao pht sanh c. Saddhnam anjalkammasdane kim sukham aslassa sattippahradukkhdhimattadukkhassayam hetu. Ngha l: T cch nhn lnh l bi ca ngi c c tin, l nguyn nhn chu s kh rt ln hn s kh pht sinh do cch b st hi bng gm ao, s vui khng th no c n cho k ph gii, v nguyn nhn chu s l bi ca nhng ngi c c tin y c. Cvaraparbhogasukham kim nma asanntassa yena ciram anubhvitabb niraye jalita ayopattasasamphass Ngha l: Ngi khng thu thc phi chu kh lu ngy, v b la ca cc ming st chy ha ho trong a ngc thiu t. S vui trong cch th dng cc th y ca-sa nh th khng sao c n ngi khng thu thc y c. Madhuropi pindapto halhalavisupamo aslassa ditt glitabb ayoyul yena ciramrattam. Ngha l: Ht cm m ngi khng c gii dng, du l ngon ming n u, cng v nh cht thuc c mnh, v k dng cm y s b n nhng cc st m la a ngc t chy lu ngy. Sukhasammatopidukkho aslino mancapthaparibhogo yam bdhissanti vciram jalita ayomancapthni dukkhni. Ngha l: cch dng ging v chng ca ngi khng c gii, du l ni c vui, cng phi chu kh, v ngi y s b ging v chng m la a ngc t chy , lm hi lu ngy, bi s dng ging v chng y. Dusslassa vihre sadhadeyyamhi knivsarat jalitesu nivasitabbam yena ayokumbhmajjhesu.

Ngha l: s vui thch do cch nng ng trong tnh tht ca ngi b th bng c tin, khng sao c n ngi ph gii c, v ngi y b vo trong gia cho st m la a ngc t chy ho ho. Sabbabhayehiamutto mutto sabbehi adhikamasukhehi supitahitasaggadro apyamaggam samrulho. Ngha l: k ph gii khng sao trnh khi s knh s u. S vui trong cc ci dt hn ri, ca vo ci tri cng ng cht ri, k y ch cn c i trn con ng cnh kh thi.

---o0o--GII V PHNG PHP LM CHO GII TR NN TRONG SCH (Suddhi kath)


Ni cui cng y, xin gii v 4 Suddhi: Bn thanh tnh gii nh gii, nu gi theo Suddhi l s phi lm cho tr nn trong sch, mi khi ph gii y, c 4 tn khc nhau nh: 1) Desan suddhi: Gii trong sch v phm cch "sm hi", l ni v "Bit bit gii thot thu thc gii" - Ptimokkha samvarasla. 2) Samvara suddhi: Gii trong sch v phm cch "thu thc", l ni v "Lc cn thu thc gii" - Indriyasamvarasla. 3) Pariyetthi suddhi: Gii trong sch v phm cch "tm kim", l ni v "Nui mng thanh tnh gii" - jvarisuddhisla. 4) Paccavekkhana suddhi: Gii trong sch v phm cch "qun tng", l ni v "Th vt dng gii" - Paccayasannissitasla. "Bit bit gii thot thu thc gii" c trong sch do phm cch "sm hi", l khi phm ri, cn phi sm hi gia Tng, hoc 1, 2, 3 v T-khu mi c th tr nn trong sch c. "Lc cn thu thc gii" c trong sch do phm cch "thu thc", l khi phm ri, cn phi nguyn rng "Ta khng nn lm nh th na", ri d dt thu thc thm, mi c th tr nn trong sch c.

"Nui mng thanh tnh gii" c trong sch do phm cch "tm kim", l khi phm ri phi dt b anesana, l nguyn nhn ph gii, ri tm vt dng pht sanh ng theo iu lut m dng, mi c th tr nn trong sch c. "Th vt dng gii" c trong sch do phm cch "qun tng", l mun cho gii y tr nn trong sch, th cn phi qun tng theo cch thc qun tng nh c gii. Cho nn hnh gi c 1 trong 4 gii no khng c trong sch, nn trau di theo cch gii trn, chng nn im nhin gi ly vt " nhim" y trong mnh. Nhng iu gii trn y, ch l phng php sa mnh cho hnh gi ph gii xu hng theo. Hnh gi l ngi thnh tm thng gii, cn phi gn gi gii cho trong sch lun lun, chng nn v l g m ph gii. Phi hnh cho ng theo k ngn, c ghi chp rng: Dhanam caje angavarssa hetu angam acjejvitam rakkha mno angam dhanam jvitancpi sabbam caje naro dhamma manussaranto. Ngha l: - Ch phi dt b ti sn v t chi thn thit l "Nu thng yu t chi, th phi b ca ci ra i, khi mun gn gi sanh mng th phi b t chi ra i. Khi nh thy chnh php th phi b c t chi, ca ci v lun c sanh mng em ra i".

---o0o--GII V VT NHIM CA GII (Slassasankilesakath)


iu nhim ca gii l: - Trng thi gii t. - Trng thi gii lng. - Trng thi gii v. [*] - Trng thi gii r. [*] [*] V c nhiu sc xen ln. R l c l nh nhiu ch

C 4 trng thi y gi l nhim ca gii, nht l trng thi gii t, l ni v trng thi lm cho t gii v 5 nguyn nhn v 7 iu methunasamyoga (hnh vi va vi s giao hp). Trng thi lm cho t gii v 5 nguyn nhn y l: Trong 7 phn ti nu Tkhu t iu hc th nht hoc iu hc cui cng v theo li, tham danh gi l "gii t" nh y ca-sa t ba. Nu t iu hc gia, gi l "gii lng", nh y ca-sa lng khong gia. Nu t 2 hoc 5 iu hc lin tip nhau, gi l "gii v", nh b en hoc vng, c mu sc khc nhau ni lng, ni bng. Nu t iu hc t khong, gi l "gii r", nh b c nhiu m trng hng, en, nhiu ch. Trng thi gii t c 5 nguyn nhn v theo li, tham danh nh th . Ph gii do 7 iu methunasamyoga l: 1) Thy B-la-mn t nguyn rng hnh o phm hnh ri li a thch trong s vut ve, r rm vt dng ca ph n, ri a thch theo. 2) Khng lm n th, ch vui ci gin ht vi ph n, ri a thch theo. 3) Khng lm n th, ch lic mt trng my, vi ph n, ri a thch theo. 4) Khng lm n th, ch nghe ting ht ca ph n, ri rng lng tai nghe a thch theo. 5) Khng lm n th, ch nh n cch ci, ting ni, hoc thi quen tip xc vi ph n t trc, ri a thch theo. 6) Khng lm n th, ch thy th ch, hoc con chu th ch ri say m theo ng trn v a thch gim, hoc mun cho c nh h. 7) Khng lm n th, ch mun cho c thnh hng ch thin, ri tu phm hnh, c rng "Ta s lm c v tri nh vy, do s tr gii ny, ri a thch lm theo". C 7 iu y gi l methunasamyoga, xp x vi s hnh dm. Nu hng B-lamn hnh theo th thc y, th gii hoc php phm hnh ca B-la-mn b gi l: t, lng, v, r nh gii.

---o0o---

GII V IU TRONG SCH CA GII (Slassavo dnakath)


iu trong sch ca gii l: - trng thi ca gii khng dt. - trng thi ca gii khng lng. - trng thi ca gii khng v. - trng thi ca gii khng r. Nhng hnh gi gi gii khng dt, lng, v, r c th cn phi d dt khng dm phm 1 iu hc no, hoc nu phm 1 gii no phi mau hi h tu b li cho trong sch v phi rng ngn nga khng cho 7 iu l methunasamyoga v 14 c php lm hi n tm tnh. Phi nn trau di 9 c tnh, mi c th lm cho gii trong sch c.

---o0o--MI BN C PHP
l: 1) Kodho: Gin. 2) Upanho: C gin. 3) Makkho: Qun n ngi. 4) Palso: T cao em mnh so snh vi bc c ti c. 5) Iss: Ganh g. 6) Macchariyam: Bn rt, giu khng cho ai thy ca mnh. 7) May: Giu li mnh. 8) Stheyyam: Khoe ti c m mnh khng c. 9) Thambho: Cng nghnh, cng u. 10) Srambho: Tranh ua, dnh phn hn. 11) Mno: T kiu. 12) Atimno: Khinh ngi. 13) Mado: Say m. 14) Pamdo: Cu th, d dui, bung lung theo ng trn (sc tt, ting hay, mi thm, v ngon, ng chm ni m i.).

---o0o---

CHN C TNH
1) Appicchat: Khng ham mun hoc ham mun t. 2) Santutthit: Vui thch bnh ng i vi vt c, hoc vi vt dng ca mnh. 3) Sallekkhat: tu hnh cho gim ln phin no. 4) Pavivekat: a thch ni thanh vng. 5) Apacayat: Khng cho phin no ng c hoc pht sanh ln c. 6) Viriyrambhat: Tin hnh khng cho c php pht sanh. 7) Subharat: Lm ngi d dui. 8) Appakiccat: Lm ngi t bn vic. 9) Sallahukavuttit: Ngi nh nhng nh loi chim ch c cp cnh v ui bay i n ni no cng c d dng.

---o0o--PHC BU CA S TR GII
Nhng ngi vng gi cc iu hc trong sch c th hng 5 qu phc l. 1) Ngi c gii hng c nhiu ti sn v khng c s d dui li bing. 2) Danh d ca ngi c gii hng bay khp hng. 3) Ngi c gii hng i n ni no hi hng c ti tnh, khng h thn gc my. 4) Ngi c gii hng khng tn lon trong khi hp hi. 5) Ngi c gii sau khi mng chung hng c th sanh trong nhn cnh. Chng phi c th thi, ngi c gii hng l ni yu mn sng bi va lng ca bc phm hnh. Ch n khi chng qu Nit Bn th mi dit tn nhng lu phin no, y theo k ngn sau ny: 1. Nagang yamun vpi sarabhv sarassati ninnag mah vpi mah nad sakkunanti visodhetum tam malam idha pninam visodhayati sattnam yam veslajalam malam Nc ca cc sng ln ( n ) l sng Gang, Yamun, Sarabh, Sarassati, civarati, Mahi cng khng c th ra sch iu nh nhp ca tt c chng sanh trong th gian, ch c nc tc l gii ny mi mong ra sch iu nh nhp ca tt c chng sanh c.

2. Na tam sajalad vt na cpi haricandanam nevahr na manayo na candaki ranakkur samayantdha sattnam parilaham surakkhitam yam sametdam ariyam slam accantastalam Cc ngn gi c nc, hoc c mi th , hoc cc th ngc xch chu m no, hay l nh sng mt trng cng khng sao dt tr s bc tc nng ny ca tt c chng sanh trong th gian ny c. Ch c gii thanh cao m ngi vng gi chn chnh ri l phc c rt mt m, mi c th dt tr c. 3. Sobhantevanna ryno muttmanvi bhsit yath sobhanti yatino slabhsanabhsit Cc bc vng trang im bng ngc xch chu, m no thng cho l tt p ri, nhng cng khng bng hnh gi trau di bng vt trang sc, tc l tr gii u. 4. Attnuvddibhayam viddhamsayati sabbaso janeti hsanca slam slavatemsad Gii ca cc bc thin tr thc hng dit tr c nhng iu kinh s, nht l s bc bi, khng cn thng xt v thng lm cho danh d v iu a thch c pht sanh. 5. Appakpi katkar slavante mahapphlahontiti slav hoti pjsakkrahjanam L vt m th ch cng dng n ngi c gii, du l cht t cng c nhiu phc bo, v ngi c gii ng gi l ng l vt cng dng. 6. Slavantam nabdhenti sav ditthadhammik samparyikakkhnam mlam khanati slav. Cc php phin no c tnh cc git hi v buc tri ngi trong kip hin ti. Nhng khng sao lm hi nhng bc c gii hnh c. Chng phi ch c th thi, nhng ngi hng o bng gc r cc thng kh trong ngy v lai khng cho pht sanh ln c. 7. Y manussesu sampatti y cadevesu sampad na s sampannaslassa icchato hoti dullabh. Nhng ngi c gii hnh y , mun c ti sn trong ci ngi v tri cng khng kh.

8. Accantasant pana y ayam nibbnasampad sampannaslassa mano tameva anudhvati nibbnasampatti. c tnh tuyt vi khng xt xa v phin no, v ngi c gii y hng lt ti, t ti sn Nit bn tc l ni tch tnh. Nhng hnh gi khi nim tng qu bu s tr gii ri, c th gm gh xa lnh s ph gii, lm cho gii c trong sch y , khng sai. C y, bc thin tr thc nn nim tng n ti trong s ph gii v phc trong s tr gii nh c gii ri, nn tinh tn cho gii mnh c trong sch y . --- o0o ---

Phn 03
NHNG IU CM RI RC
Nhng T-khu v bnh khng nn i xe, nu c bnh c php i xe b, nga xa phu du l nam hoc n cng c. Khi v bnh khng nn mang dp vo xm. Khng nn ngi, nm trn cc th da: kh (matadho), s t (kalasho)... (sarabho), b, nga, tru v cc th d, tr ra ca Gio hi th khng cm hoc dng lm dp i cng c. Khng nn mang dp ton mu , xanh, vng, vng lt (nh mu rm), en, en sm (nh lng rt), nh mu l cy chn, nh mu hoa sen. Nu c nhng vt nh th, nn lm cho ra khc mu cm, th dng c. Li na, khng nn mang guc, cc th dp ging nh ca k th, dp bt mt c, bt lng chn, c giy but n mt c, gc c dn bng gn, dp thu, c dy buc treo tht kt, mi qut ln nh ui con b cp, nh ui con cng. T-khu cao hn 5 h, ng lm criya i chn khng, v nh h mang dp, phm Tc c. Khng nn th v n tht, c sng. Ngi xut gia c k th ch st sanh cm th dng cho, cng chng nn n. Khng bit ri dng tht th m c Pht cm (akappiyamamsa) cng phm ti. Sau khi n, nu r l tht (akappiya) th phi sm hi. Nh th T-khu cn

xem xt hi li cho r ri mi nn dng. V kh phn bit tht cm (tht gu ging tht heo, tht beo, cp ging tht th rng c 4 chn). Nu c mt v trng lo, thin tn thnh v nh h thuyt php, tng kinh, nn ch lnh ca v c hoc bch cho v c hay. Nu v c nn thinh th thuyt php, tng kinh, khng li. Bng v c khng cho, khng nn ci. Nu ln php ta ri, v c mi n th khng ch lnh. Khng c vi lt nc, chng nn i ng xa. Nn cho thc phm anmattha pindapta n cha m, ngi h cha m, h tng v gii sp xut gia (trong khi ang nhum y, t bt). Vi gii t, du ng ca mnh em cho, cng v ti. Vi cha m, thin tn th khng nn. Nn cho anmattha pindapta n k cp v cc quan n cha (v e c s tai hi n Pht gio v mnh). C ngi i l ng n nh cha nn tu tin cho cm, cho, cho nc ung, ch ngh, song ng mong c s l vt tr n). Vi k cp, du l ti sn thuc ca tng cng nn cho nga tai hi. em tin cho cha, m ngi sp xut gia, khng phm ti. Hi thm tin, mnh ni cng v ti. em tin cho k khc phm Tc c. Cho bng n cha, m v thin tn cng Tam bo khng phm ti. Trng cy dng bng tri, bng mt, hoc ti nc bng li kappiyavohra v ti. Nhum y khng nn ngi qu 2 u gi xung t. Khng dng tm xa rng c 5 ti: - Mt s li ch cho mt. - Ming hi. - B thn kinh th cht b dng khng sch s. - Mt v m hng bao trm thc phm. - Th thc khng bit ngon. Ngi, trc khi tu c lm th co, ht tc, xin xut gia khng nn em dao co theo.

Khng nn nh tc bc, song, nu c lng mc trn my, m mt, lm cho kh chu, nh v ti. Khng nn ht tc, nu c gh trn u, ht tc thoa thuc cng c. Khng nn chi tc, xc du, nh sp, vut tc, tr ra tc c bi vut cng c. Khng b chng nn che d i vo xm. C bnh l; chng mt, nhc u, cho mt hoc c bnh cn phi che d, th khng cm. Nu c ma s c y, hoc s k d m che d, th khng ti, d bng l cy che ni no cng c, nu mun khi ti, ch c phep che d trong cha, trong t cha m thi. Khng nn v, hoc bo k khc v hnh ngi v th chi. Nu v lm cho sanh lng chn nn, th v ti (nh v cc tch c B tt). Khng nn mng, treo bt. trong ni no c. bt trn ch bn, cng (, st... ) cng phm ti. Khng nn dnh n trong bt, ra tay trong bt dng bt ng d (l, v rc... ) em i . dng tay d cm bt khng nn, vt thc n vo ming ri nh ra trong bt khng nn. chng nn n vt chi m khng c k dng. Nhng vt dnh trong t thi cha r l da tht cn nguyn cha b th n, khng c php ly m dng, bt cn t khng nn em phi hoc ct. Khng nn ngi v nm chung vi ph n, b np v ngi c c 2 b sanh thc kh. Khng nn ngi v nm trn ch h tri lt m mnh cha xem xt trc (hoc ly tay r, lt qua li). Khi h tri mnh thy, hoc lt bng vi mng th khng cn phi xem xt. Chng nn ngi nm trn ch c ri bng, hoc vt thm. Khng nn dng gi thu, gi di qu na thn mnh, gi may 2 mt bng vi sm, lt. Nhng vt chi cho Gio hi dng trong 1 ni no, khng nn ly em dng ring cho mnh. Nu th ch thnh i th thc, h cha mi, khng nn ngi, phi ng xa ni y ch h thnh s ngi.

T-khu khng nui bnh cho nhau, du v c khng nui cng phm Tc c. Nu chia phin nui bnh th v ti. c Pht cho php ngi nui bnh, nu ngi bnh cht c th lnh phn y bt, ngoi ra vt trong garubhanda th nhp vo ca Tng dng chung, khng c php chia. Nhng vt tm thng th phi chia vi nhau, cho tt c ngi xut gia c mt trong cha (T-khu, Sa-di). Khng nn r ng hnh tng ph n v 7 th la, du trng ngoi rung cng vy. Nu khng c ng i th nguyn l "ng i" ri mi i, khng phm, nhng khng nn p nhm la. Nu th ch thnh n ti trn ng la, go, th khng c php ngi, phi ni vi h tri trong ni khc. Nu khng c ni no trng th v ti. Khng nn r ng tri cy cha dng, tri cy rng trong rng. Nu tnh lm v cho anupasampanna th c php. Khng nn ng nhm 10 th ngc thch v vng bc. Ngc Mutta nu cha gii, ng khng sao. Ngoi ra, u l vt anmsa cng chng nn th. Nu th l lm thuc cha bnh th v ti. Cc th kh gii u l vt khng nn r, ng nhm. Kh gii b ni chin trng, b cn ra, ly li v lm vt dng khng ti. Nu c bi bay vo bt cm nn bo anupasampanna (Sa-di hoc c s) dng li, hoc ra cho sch mi nn dng. Khng nn c ht ma, bo k khc ht ma, hoc nghe n kn trong cha. Trong nh n, c bn ht ma, n kn n cng khng ti. Nu c dm, xem, nghe th phm. Khng nn nm chung trn ging, chiu tri lt, m mng. Nu nm chung trn tri lt, ly vt chi (y, gy... ) ngn nga gia khng phm. Khng nn n chung ng, ung chung mc nc. Nu kh trong 1 da, t, v ly ra n, v khc dng vt cn li trong da, t y cng khi phm ti. Xin thc phm v y bng ming khng nn. Xin ch bng cch ni rng "Trong lc ny, ct tnh tht c chng?" Hoc hi c s rng: ng u? p: - Ti trong dinh. Hoc hi T-khu c th trong dinh c chng? Xin nh th v ti. c Pht gii rng:

"Ny cc T-khu! C ng i khng c lng thc, t nc, t thc phm, nu khng tr n th kh i c. Nh Lai cho php kim, tr lng thc i ng, c php xin go, ng, mui, kh. Cn dng vt chi, xin vt y. Ny cc T-khu! C ngi tn ngng b th ni vi k h tng rng: "Nu i c dng vt chi, ngi nn dng vt y, Nh Lai cho php vt do vng bc m pht sanh, cc ngi nn a thch vt y". Nh Lai khng ni rng: "Nn a thch vng bc trong ni no c". Chng nn tm vng bc u. Cn xin lng thc cho va i ng. n ni ri, nu cn d, phi em cho k khc." Tri cy c ngi trng gi, h ha s dng cng mi nn th. Ha dng tri cy sm 4 vt dng, nu T-khu n ln, phi x theo gi tri cy: nhm cn i km em ra i mua thc phm cng c. Gp ma khng sao kim thc phm c, nu c th, nn bn i ch c, h, ca Gio hi, nui sanh mng, song phi nn tu b my ch cn chc. Nu c k n trm, cp vt chi ca cha, T-khu phi cho quan hay tm vt y li. Nu quan to hi ai trm cp? Du T-khu bit cng chng nn ni tn k c y. Cn ni nh vy: ng nn bit ly, ti ch xin tm cc vt y li thi. Nu tha kin, quan x pht n 0$60, T-khu phm ti Bt cng tr. Bng chng tha kin, khng ch tn k d, du quan to c x pht cng v ti. Nu chn khng ra hoc ra m cn t, hoc mang dp p ln ch ngi, nm (ging, chng, hoc ch c sn pht), phm Tc c. Khng nn da vo ch c sn pht, (vch ct, cnh ca) nu ging, chng trn ch y phi ly lt, k chn ging, chng. Nu v c khng k chn ging, mnh vy cng v ti. Khng nn ling hoc bo k khc ling d (phn, nc tiu, n d, rc) ngoi vch tng, ngoi hng ro. Du ling b vt y, v cy tm (xa rng) trn rung ry ca ngi cng phm ti. Ling trong rung ry, cha gieo trng chi ht th khng sao. Chng nn ng ngy khng ng ca. Nu khng ng ca m tin rng c ngi vo sau h ng hoc c v khc coi chng dm th ng khng phm. Ng n mt tri mc thc dy ca khng ng khng phm. Nhng thc dy m khng ng ca m ng li na th phm ti.

Khng nn mn ai lm cng vic hoc xin ti chnh mn ngi lm cng vic cho mnh, c php xin h lm th cng. Nu h khng rnh v ni: Ngi kim ngi lm ri ti tr tin th v ti. Mun cn dng vt chi chng nn xin ngay bng li ni. V d nh t bt m khng c thoa bt, khi i kht thc th ch em cm dng, ly tay y bt li, h hi ti sao? Nn p: t bt ri khng c du thoa. H xin bt em thoa ri vt thc trong bt, mang n dng cng c. Nu i ng hoc i bt mt, h tri chiu hoc em gh cho ngi, khi i phi cho ch hay. Bng khng mt phi thng. Khng nn dng gi di na thn mnh, gi may 2 mt trn 2 u ging, (pha u v pha chn) v gi thu, tr ra gi va k u th khng cm. T-khu cao hoc thp hn 2 h ch c php ngi chung trn ging hoc chng va ngi c 3 ngi. c php ngi trn gh ca c s c dng bng gn m khng nn nm, nu nm khng dnh vi gh th khng nn. Chng nn ngi, nm trn ch cao qu hn 8 ngn tay ca c Pht, trn ch cao qu (gh c chm tr) v c chm tr hnh th d. Khng nn nm trn ch c sn hnh th d, trn tri bng lng di hn 4 ngn tay, tri bng t, thu hnh th d, tritrng lm bng lng th, tri lm bng lng c chm, tri c dn gn, tri c v hnh th d, tri c lm lng dng ln 2 bn, tri c lm lng dng ln 1 bn, tri c chy kim tuyn, bng t, hoc ng bng qu, tri bng lng th va cho 16 ngi khiu v nhy ma, tri trn lng voi, nga xe, bng da cp, ng c trn ln trn lng, gi c 2 mc pht v lt, sch s ca tng. Nu cha lt nga c ca mnh hoc tri ri m ng qun, tri cung vo, thn th ng nhm ni y phm ti. Lng chm nhm ni no, phm ti, m theo s lng. Bn tay v ng nhm v ti. -ooOoo-

GII V CCH CHO V TH


V s th bng cch thn thit theo 5 chi:

- Ca bn thng thy nhau. - Ca bn thng hay n chung cng nhau. - Ca bn ni trc rng: ngi mun vt no ca ti hy ly vy y i. - Ca ngi bn cn sng. - Ca bn bit rng mnh ly ri v a thch. T-khu gi y trong tay v khc, nhn rng: ngi a gim y ny n gim y tn . Ngi nhn lnh, i n na ng, ly y bng cch thn thit vi Tkhu gi, gi l ly bng cch chn chnh. Nu ly bng cch thn thit vi T-khu chng chu gi cho gi l khng chn chnh. Ngi i n na ng, nghe tin ch gi y cht, nu nguyn l di sn ca v cht y, gi l nguyn ly khng chn chnh. Nu ly bng cch thn thit vi ngi gi gi l ly bng cch chn chnh. Nghe tin rng gi y n v no, m v y cht ri, nguyn l di sn ca v y cht, gi l nguyn ly khng chn chnh. Nu ly bng cch thn thit vi ngi gi gi l ly bng cch chn chnh. Nghe tin c 2 u cht ht ri nu nguyn l di sn ca T-khu gi y gi l nguyn ly bng cch chn chnh. Nguyn ly ca T-khu m ch chu gi cho gi l nguyn ly khng chn chnh. Lina, T-khu gi y trong tay ca v khc rng: Ti cho y ny n T-khu tn ny, T-khu nhn lnh, i n na ng, ly bng cch thn thit vi Tkhu, m ch gi cho, gi l ly khng chn chnh. Ly bng cch thn thit vi T-khu gi, gi l ly bng cch chn chnh. Nghe tin rng T-khu gi, hoc T-khu phi c u cht c, nu ly bng cch thn thit vi v phi c nh th l ly bng cch chn chnh. Nu ly bng cch thn thit vi v gi, hoc ly m nguyn l di sn ca v gi, nh th gi l ly khng chn chnh.

---o0o--V CCH TH THEO "5 CHI MI NN" L

- Vt va cho ngi c sc lc bc trung d ln ni. - xa trong 1 hc, 1 gang r rt.

- nh dng cho r rt. - Ch thin hoc ngi hay th, dng bng thn hay bngvt dnh vi thn, hoc thy cho. - T-khu th lnh vt y bng thn, hoc bng vt dnh vi thn. Nu th ch ly ng thc phm i chng ln u, n ng gn T-khu, xin T-khu th lnh, khng c nh dng trc, th khng nn th. Nu h c knh dng, T-khu a tay ly ng pha di, th ng pha trn cng gi l th ri, hoc gi mun vt no th vt y cng c. V ng, nu th ch gnh dng gnh trong hatthapsa, T-khu th cng c. Du l tre di 30 hatthapsa, 1 u buc nc ma, 1 u sa, nu th n gnh cng gi l th c 2 mn thuc y. trong hatthapsari dng vt dnh theo mnh m th gi l th chn chnh, tr ra dng vt pht sanh ra trong ni y, nh dng l sen b, th th khng nn, v vt y khng phi l vt dnh theo mnh. Nu th ch ng xa hatthapsa ri dng, th nn bo h li gn. Nu h khng nghe, phi th mi li (th ri a cho anupasampanna dng li na). i khut thc c bi bay v trong bt, phi nh ngi dng bt li ri mi nn th n, nu khng c ai dng m dng bt y i th na, phm Tc c. Nu ni m h khng nghe, hoc khng , th khng phm. Nhng khi xong, phi nh k khc dng bt li, ri mi nn i kht thc na. C gi thi bay vo bt khng th th thc c, nhng nn ch rng th em v cho anupasampanna, th v ti. V n ch ng, cho dt n y n anupasampanna, ri anupasampanna dng li, hoc mnh ly bng cch thn thit ri n cng c. Nu mnh cho bt v cm dnh bi y n T-khu trong bn, nn ni vi T-khu y cn phi th mi li dng i. Nu bi rt trn mt n th nn ra, hoc ly b ra, n vt cn d y cng c. Nu bi dnh pha di, phi th mi li. Nu khng c anupasampanna, khng nn ri bt khi tay, phi i tm anupasampanna th li. Bi vo cm v bnh th ly bi ra ri n cng c. Nu bi nh lm bay vo cm pha trn, nn ly cm pha trn ra, hoc th li ri s n cng c. Th ch em cho hoc canh trc mt mnh, vng bt rt trong bt, nn th bt li. Nu h bt, bt trong cm rt vo bt trc, gi l rt vo chn chnh, v h c nh dng cng ri. Nu h dng c cm v c rn c tro, than bay rt vo khng ti, v h knh dng n ri. Nu h dng theo th t T-khu ngi lin tip nhau, cm rt vo bt T-khu khc, gi l rt vo chn

chnh. Nu ct, cht, x (vt n) dng n 1 v T-khu m lm vng vo bt 1 v khc nn th bt li. H ct x x vt n trn bt v no, vng vo bt v y v ti, v h ch tm dng cng ri. H dng m mnh khng hay bit v khng c th, khng gi l th. n nng hoc mnh nm chung trong 1 ch c cuc bt, nu h dng thc phm, m mnh ly tay, hoc chn vn chn bt th cng c. Vt chi h dng m ri rt c php c dng. Nu vt ri vng gn T-khu khc, v ny lm dng cng c, hoc mnh ni cho T-khu y dng cng v ti. Nu T-khu ch vt khng ni li chi, th T-khu kia khng nn lm. Nhng nu c lm gim th khng phm. Nu dao c st, rc dnh ma, hoc ly chy m thuc, thy thuc dnh st, nn th li mi dng c. Bi st dnh khng r rt, dng khng phm. i bt c ma trn mnh hoc trn y rt vo bt nn th bt li, du ngi n di bng cy c ma rt vo bt cng vy. Nu tri ma 7 ngy, nc ma trong mnh hoc ma rt t trn thinh khng, dng khi phm. Khi cho cm n Sa-di, khng nn r ngvt trong bt ca Sa-di hoc phi th bt ca Sa-di , v ng nhm vt trong bt ca Sa-di, ri tr li ly cm ca mnh, cm dnh theo y thuc v uggahita. Nu mun cho, nn bo Sa-di: Ngi ly bt ht cm i. Sa-di bch: Ti c dng ri. Du T-khu c ni na rng: Vt y ta b th cho ngi ri, m Sa-di bch li rng: Ti khng cn dng. Nh th du c ni n 100 ln th ca y vn cn li ca mnh (ca T-khu). Cm ca T-khu cho n Sa-di ri, nu cm y ri vo bt ca mnh th T-khu nn th bt li. Th ch nu cho ri h i, c Sa-di cn nh khng sao nhc ni cho xung c, T-khu nn nghin bt vo, Sa-di nn nghin ni cho ra ngay ming bt . Cho rt vo bt gi l vt dng chn chnh, vi thng bnh, thng cm hoc b ma cng vy, nh b ma nng va cho sc ngi bc trung d ln dng m c 2, 3 Sa-di gip nhau d ln dng, du 2, 3 v T-khu tip nhau th cng c. V ng du hoc ng treo mng di chn ging, T-khu ngi trn ging th cng c, v khng phi l vt uggahita. Hai ci ni chng nhau, th ni trn, khng th ni di, cm ly ni pha trn cng c. Ni pha di th ri, ni trn cha th, khi d ni trn ln, cm ly ni di, ni trn l uggahita. Ni du cha dng di ging, khi qut dn ng nhm khng gi l uggahita.

Tnh ly vt th m ly ln vt cha dng, bit ri em li ch c, khng phi l uggahita.. em vt ra, ngi th mi hay th khng nn pha ngoi, phi em ct li ch c. Lm vy khng ti, song chng nn ng nhm na. Nu vt m th ch khng y np ri ct, T-khu khng nn y np, phi nh thung cho h. Ngi leo ln cy tht nt hoc cy da, ly dy buc quy thng xung ri ku bo th th khng nn th. Nu c ngi ng trn t h cm mi dy buc quy tht nt hoc da h dng, th th c. Nn bo lm kappiya nhnh cy ln c tri ri s th, th cc tri cy trn nhnh u l vt th ri c. T-khu cm nhnh c tri lmd che i, ri mun n tri cy y, phi ngi dng mi nn dng. Sa-di mun nu cm song d ni khng ni, T-khu nn th go v ri go v bt ni ln c rn, nhng ng ni la, khi d np xem chng. Nu thy cha chn p np li cho chn th khng nn, bng y khng cho bi tro rt vo th c. n khi chn, nhc ni xung n cng c. Sa-di c th nu c nhng khng rnh, T-khu nn ni: Ngi phi dng go ni v nc l, ri bt ni ln c rn nhm la cho chy ri i i. Nh th tip theo T-khu lm cc cng vic nh trn cng c. T-khu mun dng cho, ni sch trn c rn nu nc cho si cng c, khi nc si, Sa-di go vo ni, t T-khu khng c chm la thm na. Lc cho chn th lnh ri n cng c. Sa-di ang nu cho, T-khu li r ni ng nhm d np ng th khng c php n cho. T-khu i kht thc v, bt trn chn bt vt y, khng cn phi dng na. Nu T-khu r rm bt, np bt m chi, cm c trong bt, khng nn n T-khu y. Nu T-khu d bt ln ri bt xung, cm y khng nn n tt c T-khu. T-khu nu nc si ung cng c, song nu c tro bi bay rt vo, nn th mi li. T-khu ang dng ma, Sa-di xin n, T-khu dy cho Sa-di bao nhiu, Sa-di ly theo li cho, vt cn d li khng cn phi dng, du vi ng cng vy. Thc phm ra khi ming nut vo khi c, ngoi bui n, phm ti, du vt n dnh k rng cng vy. Gn ng ng dng cm trong ni khng c nc, nn khc nh 2, 3 cc ri i n ni c nc s sc ming cng c.

Nu khng mui, ly nc bin dng cng c, nc mn th ri dnh tr thnh mui, hoc mui tan ra nc, hoc nc ma tr thnh ng hay l ng tan ra nc, nn th li. Nc mc trong sng, ging, du c cng khng cn phi dng. V nc c ni ng rung, nu nc bng, bu, c bng, l cy rng vo, lm cho nc c mi v, th nn th ri s ung, nu khng c mi v r rt, khng cn phi dng. Nc trong ao sen c nhy sen trn mt nc, nhn ng xung trong nc mc cng c. T-khu bo ngi lm tm xa rng, nn cho h dng. Tm khng th dnh, du khng bit v nut vo c cng phm ti, v iu hc y v acittaka. Vt thc c mi kh n, c php vo cht ru cho bn mi, song khng nn nhiu, c hi ru. Thuc c mi v ru, khng php ung, nhng thoa xc c. Khi dng bijagma (tri cy cn gieo trng c) nn bo anupasamoanna rng: Ngi nn lm cho ra vt nn dng (kappiyam karohi), ri mi nn n, l phi lm theo 5 iu: - Dng la t. - Dng dao xt, gt, x. - Dng ngn tay bm, gch. - Tri khng bija. - Tri c bija m ly ht ra c. t cn ti sng, nn lm kappiya ly ht ra hoc lm cho chn, hoc bm ht cho nt u . Nu lm sai 1 iu no trn y gi l phm Tc c. I- T-khu trm vt ng gi l vatthu prjika gi l ekabhanda; cp nhiu vatthu song mi vt cha n gi, phm Bt cng tr, gi l nnbhanda. II- S cm ly vissasa phi c 3 chi: - L ngi tng quen thy, gp nhau hoc c ni trc vi nhau. - Bit rng cm ly ri, ti ch va lng. - Ngi ch cn sng, mi gi l cm ly chn chnh. III- Nu saddhimvihrika hoc antvsika chung vi upajjhya, criya ri, 2 v ny phi:

- Chia lbhaphala, dy php c tm met. - C gii tinh nghim. - C s tn trng: tam bo, upajjhya, craya hoc tn trng mahtthera khc, l bc cao h a hn mnh. - Khng nn lm cho tr bun lng, cn cho t b d v lnh, khin cho tr c tin ho v cng c a thch thy. IV- T-khu cha 5 h, thng hoc khng thng lut php, gi l navabhikkhu, cn phi, cn phi c nissaya lun khi. T 5 h tr ln n 10 h v thng hiu lut php l angaguna ang n nissaya muttaka [*] c gi l majjhimabhikkhu. c trn 10 h v thng thuc lut php c angagunagi l Thera. [*] nissaya muttaka: l T-khu du tu lu n 100 h m khng thng hiu gii lut, cng khng c php xa ng thy. Nu xa thy th phm ti mi ngy. V- T-khu nhp h u t ri, qua h sau nhp khng c, ch khi hu s, nhp h trc khng kp, mi c php nhp h sau. VI- Lm Uposatha cn c 4 anga: 1) Nhm ngy 14, 15 hoc l ngysmagg. 2) T-khu t 4 v tr ln v nu l pakatttabhikku khng phm prjika, hoc b Tng pht ukkhepanyakamma (song 2 hng , c trong v th th t mi l khng c). Cc ngi ng trong hatthapasa, nh th mi lm Uposatha c. 3) Cc ngi khng phmsabhgpatti. 4) Trnh hng ngi khng c php ngi trong hatthapasa, nh th mi lm Uposatha c. VII- Trong 1 cha c 5 T-khu nhp h trc, qua k sau c 5 v khc n nhp h, ti k Pavran, c 10 v phi hi nhau trong chnh in lm pubbakicca, ri 5 v trc nn natti ri lm Pavran, 5 v sau phi t parisudhi. n k Pavran sau, 5 v sau cn natti, pavrana, 5 v trc t parisuddhi. VIII- Vo n cetiyathna khng nn mang giy, trm y, t d dui ni khc, ni li ting, ngi khoanh tay, nh khc, ngi ngay trc gn kim thn. VIII.b-T-khu nghi hoc nh khng chc khng nn sm hi. IX- V sikkhpada th 8 ca kosiyavatta ni rng: "a thch vng bc m ngi ct gi cho mnh, gi l nissaggya pcittiya. Ngha l khi th ch yu

cu rng: vng bc m h ct gi cho mnh l ca mnh. Ri T-khu khng ngn bng thn, hoc bng khu, c tm a thch, th phm nissaggya pcittiya. Nu h khng t cho bit, du c a thch cng khng phm. X- T-khu m th ch khng thnh, i chung theo vi T-khu c thnh, th ch cng dng cng n v na, T-khu y phm v jvavipatti, cn cho hon tc. XI- Phi tng Bhikkhu Ptimokkha cho n dt (thuc nm lng). Nu khng c antarya, 1, 2, v tng Ptimokkha khng c. Tng thuc lng phn na, tng xem trong Ptimokkha phn na khng nn. XII- Sla c 2 th: pannatti v cra. Tt c sikkhpada c trong Ptimokkha u l pannatti. Cc hnh kim tt nn hnh, khng c trong Ptimokkha gi l cra. XIII- c Pht thuyt 4 nissaya trong anussana (Pindapada cvara pasukla). Ng di bng cy, dng thuc ngm nc tiu . Ngi l bc vng ra khi dng Sakya, c s sang c, l iu m mi ngi mong mi. Tuy nhin mun c vui cng lm khi lm quy, khin cho quyn luyn cc cnh gii, lm lc say m trong ng dc, phi nng ny bn bu, buc rng, thng thic, lc cc vt mn yu h hao, tiu hoi. Cho nn ngi chnh nn, xut gia tm s vui yn lng, khng quyn luyn trong cc vt . Trong thi i tm o gii thot gp craya m phn ng sng bi rng l ng thy nht. Ngi cng vo th gio, n khi hc thun thc, thy rng cha dt b nhng iu quyn luyn, xu xa (l cn ham m ng dc, cn mc trong php th gian). Ngi lin i trong ni khc. Du chnh mnh ngi cha dt c iu nh nhp, tm cha yn lng, l cn say m a thch, ngi cng cha va lng. Ngi ch nht tm hnh theo chn l, cho n gic ng mi thi. Th sanh, ngi hay ty tin ch bo, nht l php tri tc (sandosa), lnh xa khis ham mun xu xa m ngi tng gp ri, khng phi l trung o, gic ng. C , ngi mi ban hnh 4 nissaya cho bc xut gia dng, v hng ngi lnh ng dc, tm xut gia lm bc thu thc thn, khu, cho chn chnh, ch cn tu phm hnh php (brahmcariyadhamma) c gii l iu trng yu, l phi trong sch y trc ht, ri s tu nh, tu tu tip theo. Nu bc xut gia hnh trn ngha v nh th mi khng c s kh trong chnh mng, nh bt c 2 tay. L , ngi dy bc xut gia cn phi tm thc phm m th ch tu sc cng dng. Bn nissaya l vt d tm kim hn ht. Ngi cho php dng ngn nga ci tm khng cho lay chuyn, v l ngi nng

ni k khc, h cho chi dng ny, mi gi l bc xut gia, c tm tri tc, a thch vt dng tu c tu c, l ngi d nui tc nhin tr gii cng d, tu thin nh v tr tu ni tip l nc thang cao thng, c d dng. XIV- T-khu cha c nissaya muttaka, khi vo xm cn bch cho upajjhya, criya mi nn i. XV- Trong 6 samutthana phm pati u alajjit, phm m khng bit thn, l ti xu xa nng n hn ht, v khng bit h th iu no cng phm c c. XVI- Khoe lokiyanaddh, calassaddh th lokuttarasaddh, acalasaddh th phm prjika. phm pcittiya, khoe

XVII- ting "cvara" chng phi k chung tt c y t 4 + 8 ngn. Ch ni v sikkhpada 1, 5, 6 ca cvaragga, trong sikkhpada th 5, 6 ca pattavagga, trong sikkhpada th 5 ca ovdavagga, trong sikkhpada th 10 ca surpanavagga, trong sikkhpada th 11 ca sahadhammikavagga. XVIII- Nu lm vinayakamma dng vt ngn cho ra vt n c theo sikkhpada th 5 ca bhojanavagga, phi lm vinayakamma nh vy: ly bhojana em c ni, i thnh v khc khng ngn bhojana n th thc, lm cho c php, ri cho v kia dng c. XIX- T-khu tnh hon tc, mc th y k th, phm dukkata. XX- T mt tri mc n ng bng gi l purebhattakala. T qu ng n gn sng gi l pacchbhattakla. XXI- Phm bhedanaka pcittiya, phi ph b vt sanh patti trc, ri sm hi sau (nh sikkhpada th t ca rjavagga) mi nn. Phm chedanaka pcittiya cn ct bi vt sanh patti cho trng theo lut, ri mi nn sm hi (nh sikkhpada th 6 ca rjavagga). XXII- Vt che thn c 3: y, nh tm trong nc. Spattikassa bhikkhave niryam vadmi tiracchnayonimv Ny cc T-khu! Nh Lai nht nh ni: a ngc v cm th cho cc Tkhu phm ti [*].

[*] l phm ti nh m khng sm hi; phm Bt cng tr m khng hon tc; phm Tng tn m khng chu cm phng. -ooOoo-

GII V CCH THC SM HI


Cc ti m T-khu c phm ri th lm cho h hoi ng tri o qu v Nit Bn, v l phm iu rn ca c Pht. Cho nn T-khu khi phm iu hc Bt cng tr phi xin x gii hon tc, phm Tng tn nn khai gii y cho tng x ti theo lut nh, phm cc ti nh cm phi i vi Tng hoc 2, 3 hay 1 v T-khu m sm hi, mi tr nn trong sch c. T-khu phm ti mc y cha 1 bn ri i tm v khc, ngi chm hm chp tay c bi sm hi. Nu phm mt ti c: Aham vuso / bhante ekam thullaccayam / pcittiyam / dukkatam/ dubbhsitam pattim pannotam patidesemi Ngha l: Bch ng / i c , ti phm Trng ti / Ti ng i tr / Ti Tc c / Ti c khu Nay ti xin sm hi ti li y. Ngi chng nhn c: Passatha bhante - (ngha: Bch i c thy ri chng?) Passsi vuso - (ng thy ri chng?). Ngi sm hi c: ma vuso / bhante passmi Ngha l: Bch ng / i c, ti thy. Ngi chng nhn c: yatim bhante samvarareyytha

Ngha l: Bch, t y i c nn thu thc ly. yatim vuso samvareyysi Ngha l: Bch t y ng nn thu thc ly. Ngi sm hi c: Sdhu sutthu vuso / bhante samvarissmi Ngha l: Bch ng / i c, phi ri ti xin thu thc chn chnh Nu phm 2 ti c: Aham vuso / bhante dve thullaccayyo / cittiyyo / dukkatyo/ dubbhsityo pattiyo pannot ptidesemi Nu phm 3 ti c: Aham vuso / bhante sambahul thullaccayyo / cittiyyo / dukkatyo/ dubbhsityo pattiyo pannot ptidesemi Nu phm nhiu ti ng x i tr nn x b vt (y, bt) trc ri mi nn sm hi ti ng x i tr sau. X y c: Idamme vuso /bhante cvaram dashtikkantam nissaggiyam imhm yasmato nissajjmi Ngha l: Bch ng / i c, y ny ca ti qu 10 ngy, l vt phi x, ti xin x y y ca ti n ng / i c. X nh th, ri sm hi ti ng i tr (pcittiya) nh gii trn. Ngi chng nhn c cu ny tr y y li. Iman cvaram yasmato dammi Ngha l: Ti cho y ny n ngi. Nu phi x y ca-sa th c:

Ayamme vuso /bhante sanghti uttarsango antaravsako ekarattim Vippavuttho annatrabhikkhusammatiy nissaggiy imham yasmato nissajjmi Nu x bt gia qu 10 ngy, c: Ayamme vuso /bhante patto dashtikkhanto nissaggiyo imham yasmato nissajjmi Nu x nhiu c: Imme vuso /bhante patt dashtikkhan nissaggiy imham yasmato nissajjmi V Rpiya, vt mua, i bng rpiya, v bt nt b cha 5 ch, phm 3 iu hc y, phi x vt gia Tng. Nu c nghi phi t s nghi y trc ri sau mi nn x y d, nghi rng cha adhitthna trc 10 ngy nn ni: "Nu y ny thit cha adhitthna, khi x nh th s tr thnh vt cho ti dng c". Ni nh th nn x y nh c gii trn. Khi ni cho bit nh vy ri lm vinayakamma, khng phm ti ni di. Li na trong ngy Uposatha Pavran mnh nghi phm ti, nn t hay s nghi y trc ri mi nn lm Uposatha Pavran v nghe gii bn (Ptimokkha). Chng nn lm hi n Uposatha v Pavrana v s nn thinh khng sm hi, tm v T-khu ri ngi chm hm chp tay. Nu nghi 1 ti c: Aham vuso / bhante ekiss thullaccayya / pacittiaya / dukkatya / dubbhsitya pattiy vematiko yadnibbematiko bhavissmi tadtampattim patikarissmi Ngha l: Bch ng / i c, ti nghi trong Trng ti / Ti ng i tr / Ti Tc c / Ti c khu, Khi ht nghi ti s sm hi ti y. Nu nghi 2 ti, c:

Aham vuso / bhante dvsu thullaccaysu / pacittiysu pattisu vematiko yadnibbematiko bhavissmi tadtampattiyo patikarissmi Nghi nhiu ti c: Aham vuso / bhante sambahulsu thullaccaysu / pacittiysu Nghi phm nhiu ti m iu hc khc nhau: Aham vuso / bhante sambahulsunnvatthuksu thullaccaysu / pacittiysu / ukkatsu / dubbhsitsu Khng nghi by, tn ti m sm hi cng nn, sm hi nh vy: Nh mt tri b my che ng, nghi l bui sng hoc bui chiu, ri dng vt yvaklika, ti nghi ri m dng vt yvaklika. Nu bui sng th phm Tc c, c: Aham vuso / bhante ytamin vatthusmim sambahul dukkatyo / pacittiyyo pattiyopannot patidesemi Ngi chng nhn c nh gii trn: Li na, T-khu sm hi hoc chng nhn ti phm ng nhau sabhgpatti, phm ti Tc c, v c Pht c dy: Na bhikhave sabhg patti desetabb... patiggahetabb. Ngha l: Ti ng nhau, T-khu khng nn sm hi, nu sm hi phm Tc c. Ti ng nhau, T-khu khng nn chng nhn, nu chng nhn phm Tc c. Hai T-khu phm ti ng nhau (chung 1 iu hc) nh n si gi cng nhau khng nn sm hi, khng nn chng nhn li sm hi vi nhau. Nu 1 v phm ti n si gi, sm hi vi v phm ti n vt thc khng phi ca d, ca T-khu bnh, cng c. Nhng ti no, c phm iu hc ging nhau m T-khu sm hi ri, cng gi l sm hi chn chnh. Ngi sm hi phm thm Tc c khc (v sm hi), cn ngi chng nhn cng phm thm Tc c khc (v chng nhn), ti y gi l ti c iu hc khc nhau. Cho nn ch sm hi cng nhau na cng c.

Trong khi nghe tng gii bn hoc Pavran, nu nh ti c, nn cho Tkhu ngi gn hay tn ti nh vy: Nu nh n 1 ti c: Aham vuso / bhante ekam thullaccayam / pacittiyam / dukkatam / dubbhsitam pattim panno ito vutthahitv tam pattim patikarissmi Ngha l: Bch ng / i c, ti phm 1 Trng ti / 1 Ti ng i tr / 1 Ti c / 1 Ti c khu, Khi ng dy khi ni y ti s sm hi ti y. Nu phm nhiu ti nn khai ting khc vo nh c gii trn. Phi t vi T-khu sabhga, khng nn ni n T-khu visabhga v e c s ci l. Nu khng c T-khu sabhga, th cn ghi nh trong tm rng: Khi ra khi ni, ta s sm hi. Ri lm Uposatha, Pavran c. Nu tt c ch T-khu trong cha u phm iu hc ging nhau, nn cho 1 v n cha khc sm hi ri tr v cho T-khu trong cha sm hi li. Nu khng c th c th v T-khu thng hiu nn c tuyn ngn gia Tng rng: Suntume bhante sangho ayam sabbo sangho sabhgam pattim panno yad annam bhikkhum suddham anpatti tam apattim patikarissati. Ri lm Uposatha Pavran. Nu nghi, nn tng tuyn ngn gia Tng: Suntume bhante sangho ayam sabbo sangho sabhg pattiy vematiko yadnibbe matiko bhavissati tadtam apattim patikarissati. Ri lm Uposatha Pavran. Nu c T-khu cho rng: nn sm hi sabhgpatti y, ri 2 v sm hi cng nhau. sm hi gi l sm hi chn chnh, c 2 T-khu y phm ti khc iu hc nhau nh c gii trc. Cho nn phi sm hi cng nhau thm na. C 2 v y u trong sch. Ch T-khu khc nn sm hi vi 2 v y. T-khu phm ti cha sm hi nghe gii bn hoc Pavran, th phm Tc c.

- PHM BT CNG TR, TNG TN, KHNG NN SM HI - KHNG TI, KHNG NN SM HI - TI SM HI, KHNG NN SM HI NA - KHNG NN SM HI VI T-KHU KHNG NG NG NHAU - KHNG NN SM HI MT LT VI NHAU - KHNG NN SM HI TRONG TM - KHNG NN SM HI VI T-KHU M "TNG" PHT CM PHNG (KHNG CHO CHUNG), KHNG CHO LM "UPOSATHA PAVRAN" CHUNG Li na, nhiu ti khc nhau, khng nn sm hi chung li 1 ti, phm 1 ti, sm hi nhiu ti gi l sm hi chn chnh. Phm ti Bt cng tr ri hn tc theo php, gi l sm hi Bt cng tr. --- o0o ---

Phn 04
GII V PHP U (DHUTANGAKATH)
Ting u - DHUTANGAKATHA ngha l: Chi [*] ca ngi dt phin no, hoc t cch c tr tun dt tr phin no, l iu kin v l s tu hnh ph hu nghch php. Ni tm tt l tc th tr chi y. [*] Chi: l nguyn mt vt th chia r ra, Phn ng gi l Anga.

U C 13 PHP
1) Pamsukkanga: chi ca T-khu l ngi c phm cch, thng mc y ca-sa c trng thi ng gm nh phn t. 2) Tecvariknga: chi ca T-khu l ngi ch thng mc tam y (y 2 lp, y vai tri v y ni). 3) Pindaptikanga: chi ca T-khu l ngi c phm cch, thng i kht thc. 4) Sapadnacrikanga: chi ca T-khu l ngi c phm cch i kht thc theo mi nh.

5) Eksanikanga: chi ca T-khu l ngi c phm cch ch thng dng vt thc trong 1 ch ngi 6) Pattapindikanga: chi ca T-khu l ngi c phm cch ch thng dng vt thc trong 1 bt 7) Khalupacchbhattikanga: chi ca T-khu l ngi c phm cch khng dng vt thc m mnh ngn, sau ri mi c li 8) rannikanga: chi ca T-khu l ngi c phm cch thng tr ng trong rng. 9) Rukkhamlikanga: chi ca T-khu l ngi c phm cch tr ng gn ci cy 10) Abbhoksikanga: chi ca T-khu l ngi c phm cch thng tr ng trong ni khong trng. 11) Sosnikanga: chi ca T-khu l ngi c phm cch thng tr ng trong rng m a. 12) Yathsanthatikanga: chi ca T-khu l ngi c phm cch ch ng trong ch m Tng cho u tin, khng di i. 13) Nesajjikanga: chi ca T-khu l ngi thng c phm cch ngn oai nghi nm, ch ng v ngi.

---o0o--GII V CCH TH TR U (Dhutangasamdna vidhndikath)


Khi c Th Tn cn ti th, phi i vi Ngi m th php u . Sau khi Ngi nhp Nit bn ri phi th vi ch i Thinh vn. Sau khi khng cn ch i Thinh vn, nn xin gi vi bc A la hn, A na hm, T hm, Tu hn, vi bc thng hiu Tam tng hoc 2 tng, hoc 1 tng. Sau na nn xin vi bc hnh php u trc. Nu khng c, nn qut dn thp, cha cho sch, ht lng thnh knh l bi cng dng nh th c Chnh Bin Tri cn ti tin, ri ngi chm hm chp tay xin th, bng khng th th ni mnh cng c.

---o0o---

I- CCH TH TR TRONG U THNG MC Y CA-SA NG GM NH PHM T(Pamasuklikanga)

C 2 cch th: 1) Ti xin ngn [*] y ca-sa m th ch dng cng (gahapati dnacvaram patikkhipmi). 2) Ti xin th tr chi ca T-khu, l ngi c phm cch thng mc y ca-sa ng gm nh phn t (pamsuklikngam samdiymi). [*] Ngn: ngha l khng dng n. Trong 2 cch y mun th theo cch no tu . Hnh gi khi th tr u ny ri, phi tm 1 trong 23 th vi, k di y, kim th no cn chc, em v ct, may lm ca-sa, ri i b y m th ch dng cho mnh ang dng, mc y ng gm y. 23 th vi ng gm y l: Vi b ni m m (sosnika). Vi b ni qun hng ch (panika). Vi d m k tn th mun b th em b gia ng i (rathiyacola). Vi d b ni ng rc (sankracola). Vi chi mnh d ri b (sotthiya). Vi d m ngi bnh mc cho thy lm php tm ri b (nnacola). Vi b ti bn nc (titthacola). Vi d b t thi ri b (gatapaccgata). Vi b chy 1, 2 ch ri b (aggidaddha). Vi b d x ri b (gokhyita). Vi b mi n ri b (upacikkhyota). Vi b chut cn ri b (undrakhyita). Vi rch ba ri b (antacchinna). Vi rch bin ri b (dasacchinna). Vi lm c v phng ri b (dhajhata). Vi rt gh ri b (thpacvara). Vi m Sa-mn b (samanacvara). Vi dng trong vic tn vng ri b (bhisokika). Vi ca T-khu Ehibhikkhu [1] cho (oddhimaya). Vi ri rt gia ng i (panthika) [2] Vi b gi thi bay, ch b (vthata).

Vi ch thin em b th, b 1 ni no (devadattiya). Vi b sng bin ng tp vo b (smuddiya). [1] Ehibhikkhu l T-khu khi Pht chng cho lm T-khu t nhin c y sn mc (Thin lai T-khu). [2] Vi nh th nn ch xem coi nu h thit b ri s lm. Trong 23 th vi k trn, T-khu nguyn gi u ri, kim c v may , th phi b y c (y mc lc cn cha hay l ca th ch dng cng). Khng php dng y ca th ch dng n tay,nu T-khu vi nhau cho th mc c. T-khu gi u ny c 3 bc: - Bc thng: Ch mc tam y lm bng vi d lm ni m a. - Bc trung: Lm bng vi d ca ngi b. - Bc h: Mc tam y lm bng vi d ca th c lm phc, em gn b gn bn chn Ba bc T-khu ny nu th lnh y ni tay th ch dng cng, gi l ph php u m mnh nguyn gi. Cho nn chng phi ch c u ny u, u l 12 u s gii ra pha sau, nu T-khu nguyn gi ri m ph h, nhng c hnh na, cn phi th mi li. u ny c 12 qu bu. 1. Nissaanurpapatipattisabbhvo: ngi c t cch hnh va theo php nng [1] m v ho thng dy bo khi mi th c tc gii. 2. Pathame ariyavamse patitthnam: t cch trong vng thnh th nht. [2] 3. rakkhadukkhbhvo: khng c kh v s gn gi y. 4. Aparvattavuttit: khng c s quyn luyn v k khc. 5. Corabhayana abhayat: khng lo s v k cp. 6. Paribhogatanhya abhvo: khng ham mun trong s th dng. 7. Samanasrupparikkhrat: ngi c vt ph tng va theo phn Sa-mn. 8. Bhagavata samvannitapaccayat: ngi c vt dng m c Th Tn khen ngi. 9. Psdikat: ngi em c tin n k khc. 10. Appicchat dnam phalanipphatti: t cch thnh tu cc th qu, nht l khng tham hoc t tham.

11. Sammpatipattiy anubrhanam: t cch lm cho chnh o c tng trng. 12. Pacchimya janatya ditthnuggati pdanam: t cch lm m phm cho k hu lai. [1] c gii ni "truyn c tc gii" [2] vng thnh c 4 tri tc trong casa, tri tc trong kht thc, tri tc trong ch , tri tc trong thuc men.

---o0o--KT LUN TRONG U MC TAM Y NG GM Mrasenam vightya pamsukladharo yatisannadhakavaco yudhekhattiyo viyasobhati pahya ksikdini varavatthni dhritam yam lokagarun ko tam pamsukulam na dhraye tasm hiattano bhikkhu patinnam samanussaram yogcrnuklamhi pamsukule rato siuy Ngha l: "Bc vng mang thit gip bn chc trong ni chin trng th no, hnh gi l ngi hnh u mc tam y ng gm, bn chc trong t cch st nhn hi qun ma cng nh th y". c Th Tn l t s ca chng sanh trong tam gii m ngi cng b cc y ng qu gi, nht l y x Ksi, tr li mc y phc qu gi, nht l c x Ksi, tr li mc y ng nhm gm. Vy T-khu no dm khng mc y ca-sa ng gm y c. Cho nn khi hnh gi khi nh n li nguyn ca mnh nn a thch trong y ca-sa ng gm, va theo s tinh tn.

---o0o--II- CCH TH TR TRONG U CH MC TAM Y (Tecvarikanga)

Trong u ny cng c 2 cch th: 1) Ti xin ngn y th 4 (catutthaka cvarampatikkhipmi). 2) Ti xin th tr chi ca T-khu, ngi ch dng tam y (tecvarikangam samdiymi). Trong 2 cch y mun th theo cch no ty . T-khu hnh u ny, khi th tr nu c vi lm y (ngoi tam y c) m cha lm xong hoc cn thiu vi, thiu kim, ch, c php ct gi vi y khng c ti trong s a

thch y th t, v nguyn nhn ct gi vi y. Nhng khi nhum ri, khng nn dnh. Nu cn tch tr, gi l k cp ln v phn u . T-khu gia u ny c 3 bc. - Bc thng: trong khi nhum y, nu nhum y ni trc th mc y vai tri, y ni kh, ly mc vo ri nhum y khc. Mun nhum y ni v y vai tri mt lt cng c, nhng phi ngi gn ch phi y, nh c k ngoi i n, nn ly mc vo, chng nn thn trn trung v mc y 2 lp. - Bc trung: nu mun nhum y 1 lt, th c php mc y ni nh nhum. - Bc h: trong khi nhum y, c php mc y ca v khc (trong bn) hoc dng ngo y cng c. Ba bc T-khu ny, nu dng n t y, gi l ph php u m mnh nguyn gi [*]. [*] c php dng y lt m hi b ngang 1 gang, b di 3 hc. Php u ny c 11 qu bo: 1. Santuttho: c gi l ngi c tri tc trong s y va mc. 2. Samdyevagamanam: t cch ch c tam y thi, dng nh loi chim [1] (bay n ni no ch c cp cnh). 3. Appasamrambhat: ngi t bn vic g lo khi hong phi hoc xp ct cc y d. 4. Vatthasannidhiparivajjanam: t cch tu hnh, khng c s gom thu dnh y. 5. Sallahuka vuttit: ngi hnh vi nh nhng mau mn. 6. Atirekacvaralolupappahnam: t cch dt b s dt b xu sa thi ho trong y d. 7. Kappiyemattakrit: trng thi c tip trong y va ( dng) [2]. 8. Sallekhavuttit: ngi tu hnh lm cho phin no tr nn nh nhng. 9. Appicchapdnam phalanipphatti: t cch thnh tu cc th qu, nht l khng tham hoc t tham. 10. Sammpatipattia anubrhanam: t cch lm cho chnh o c tng trng. 11. Pacchimia janatya ditthanugavapdanam: t cch lm m phm cho k hu lai.

[1] Loi chim bay n u, ch c cp cnh va h thn, khng cht cha vt chi theo c. [2] Du c Chnh Bin tri cho php dng cc th y nh ta c, T-khu y cng ch vui thch trong tam y thi y l 11 qu bo trong u ch mc tam y, m T-khu c th tr chn chn.

---o0o--KT LUN TRONG U CH MC TAM Y. Atirekavatthatanham pahya sannidhivivajjito dhro santosa sukharasannu ticvaradharo bhavati yog tasm sapattacararano pakhva sacvarova yogivaro sukkha manuvicaritukmo cvaraniyam ratim kayir. Ngha l: Hnh gi l ngi c tr tu, bit lng v ca iu an vui pht sanh do s tri tc, hng dt b lng ham mun y d qu s, cc ngi nng lnh xa t cch gom thu y d dnh, ch dng tam y thi. Cho nn hnh gi cao thng (trong Pht php), khi mun i u c an vui, ch nn c 3 mang y dnh theo mnh, dng nh loi chim bay, ch c cp cnh dnh theo mnh m thi. Phi nn vui thch trong y c hn nh y.

---o0o--III- CCH TH TR U THNG I KHUT THC (Pindaptiknga)

Trong u ny cng c 2 cch th: 1- Ti xin ngn l vt ngoi phm thc m ti i xin c [*] (atirekalbham patikkhipmi). 2- Ti xin th tr chi ca T-khu l ngi c phm cch i kht thc (pindaptikangam samdiymi). [*] vt thc m th ch vo bt mi nh mi cht . Trong 2 cch y mun th theo cch no cng c. Hnh gi nguyn th php th u ny ri khng nn a thch trong 14 thc phm d na (atirekalbha). 14 thc phm d l:

1. Sanghabhatta: thc phm m th ch dng n tt c ch tng. 2. Uddesabhatta: thc phm m h dng n 1 hoc 2 v T-khu th mt cho tng. 3. Nimantanabhatta: thc phm h thnh T-khu n ri dng. 4. Salkabhatta: thc phm h dng theo cch rt thm. 5. Pakkhikabhatta: thc phm h dng trong 1 tun, hoc mi thng ch c 1 ngy. 6. Uposathikabhatta: thc phm h dng trong mi ngy l bt quan trai. 7. Ptipadikabhatta: thc phm h ch dng trong ngy mng 1 hoc 16. 8. gamtukabhatta: thc phm h dng n T-khu xa mi n. 9. Gamikabhatta: thc phm h dng T-khu sp ra i ng xa. 10. Gilnabhatta: thc phm h dng n T-khu bnh. 11. Gilnupatthkabhatta: thc phm h dng n T-khu nui bnh. 12. Vihrabhatta: thc phm h dng n cha, n tht. 13. Dhurabhatta: thc phm h dnh trong nh c vic, ri h dng. [*] 14. Varabhatta: thc phm h chia phn nhau dng. [*] vt thc m th ch vo bt mi nh mi cht . Trong c 14 thc phm y, T-khu hnh u i kht thc khng nn th. Nhng nu th ch thng hiu, khng thnh rng: Ngi th trai tng m ni "Xin i c th thc trong nh chng ti, ngi cng vy." Nh th, T-khu y th c, hoc h rt thm dng cc mn thuc khng phi l vt n bui sng pht sanh n Tng, hoc vt th thc nu trong cha, T-khu y th cng c. T-khu hnh u ny c 3 bc. - Bc thng: Trong khi kht thc, nu c tn th do pha trc, hay l pha sau m n, hoc lc tr v th ch em vt thc dng cng, th c php lnh, tr ra ngi xung ri th khng php th. - Bc trung: Du ngi xung ri cng cn th lnh c. - Bc h: Nu c thin tn thnh trc dng cm cng c. Ba bc T-khu ny, nu th lnh 14 th vt thc k trn, gi l ph php u m mnh nguyn gi. u ny c 15 qu bo:

1. Nissaynurpapatipattisabbhvo: ngi hnh va theo php nng [1]. 2. Dutiye ariyavamse patitthnam: t cch trong vng thnh th nh [2]. 3. Apparyattvuttit: ngi c s khng dnh dp v nui k khc. 4. Bhagavat samvannita paccayat: ngi c vt dng m c Th Tn hng ngi khen. 5. Kosajjanimmathanat: ngi c s dt b tnh li bing. 6. Parisuddhjivit: ngi c s tinh tn trong cch nui mng trong sch. 7. Sekhiyapatipattipranam: phng php t tp php ng hc php. 8. Aparaposit: ngi khng cn phi nui ke khc, v bit tit trong s th lnh. [3] 9. Pranuggahakiriy: phng php tip k khc v s th lnh mi nh mi cht. 10. Mnappahnam: phng php dt tr tm kiu hnh ngha l khng chn la v trng cy c vt thc khc. 11. Rasatanhya nivranam: phng php ngn s mong mi trong v ngon ca vt thc khc. 12. Ganabhojanaparampabho janacritta sikkhapadehianpattit: ngi khng phm ti v th ganabhojana, parampabhojana v critta (xem trong iu hc ng hc php) do khng chu mi th thc. 13. Appicchatdnam anulomavuttit: ngi c t cch hnh va theo cc c tnh, nht l khng hoc t tham (Appicchata). 14. Sammpatipattibrhanam: phng php lm cho chnh o c tng trng. 15. Pacchimjanatnukampanam: phng php tip k hu lai. [1] php nng m v ho thng dy khi mi th c tc gii [2] s tri tc trong lc i kht thc. [3] Khng th lnh cho nhiu nui k khc. y l 15 qu bo trong u i kht thc m T-khu hnh c chn chnh.

---o0o--KT LUN TRONG U I KHT THC Pindiylopasantuttho aparyattajviko pahnhrololuppo hotictuddiso yativinodayati kosajjam jvassa visujjhati tasm himtimanneyya bhikkhcram sumedhaso. Ngha l: hnh gi c s vui thch bnh ng trong ht cm m ngi cho tng v, c t cch khng nui k khc, dt b lng ham mun xu xa trong vt

thc, l ngi c th i n bn phng c d dng, dt tr s li bing, cch nui mng ca T-khu y c trong sch. Cho nn ngi c tr tu cao thng khng nn khinh r s kht thc y. Tht vy, T-khu hnh u "i kht thc" l ngi ch nui mt thn mng khng phi nui k khc. Nh th ch thin hng yu mn, trng i v h tr, v s khng mong c l vt v ngi khen.

---o0o--IV- CCH TH TR TRONG U THNG I KHT THC THEO MI NH (Sapadnacrikanga)

Trong u ny cng c 2 cch th: 1) Ti xin ngn t cch i kht thc theo mun (loluppacrampatikkhipmi). 2) Ti xin th tr chi ca T-khu l ngi c phm cch thng i kht thc theo mi nh (sapadnacrikangamsamdiymi). Trong 2 cch y mun th theo cch no ty . T-khu th php u ny, khi vo n xm nn ng xem, e c iu ri ro, nu c s bin c no, nn b qua, i n nh khc cng c. Ni no quen chng khng c vt chi cht t c, nn cho rng khng phi l nh th ri i n xm khc. Song nu c cht t trong ni no, khng nn b qua v kht thc cho sm, ng phng nga s b qua nhng ni c iu ri ro, i n ni khc khng cho qu gi, nu c ngi b th trong cha, hoc gp gia ng, h xin bt vt thc em n dng cng c. T-khu hnh u ny, trong lc i theo ng, nu n bui n, khng nn i trt, du khng c vt thc hoc c cht t, cng phi i kht thc mi nh. T-khu hnh u ny c 3 bc: - Bc thng: Nu c th ch n do pha trc hoc pha sau, hoc lc tr v, h em vt thc dng cng th chng nn th, ch c php lnh khi ng trc nh. - Bc trung: c php th, tr ra khi ngi xung. - Bc h: ngi xung ri cng cn lnh c.

Ba bc ny, nu i kht thc theo mun gi l ph php u m mnh nguyn gi u ny c 8 qu bo: 1. Kulesu niccanavakat: Ngi thng i xin trong cc khong nh. 2. Cantupamat: ngi lnh v nh mt trng, v khng dnh dp trong nh no c. 3. Kulamaccherappahnam: t cch dt b s bn rt trong cc nh. 4. Samnukampit: ngi c s tip bnh ng c nh. 5. Kulupkdenavbhvo: ngi khng c ti trong s i vo xm. 6. Avhananabhinandana: t cch khng vui thch li ku gi thnh mi. 7. Abhihrena anatthikat: ngi khng c s cn dng vt thc m h em n dng. 8. Appicchatdnam anulomavuttit: ngi c s hnh va theo cc c tnh, nht l khng tham hay t tham. y l 8 qu bo trong s th u i kht thc theo mi nh m T-khu c th tr c chn chn.

---o0o--KT LUN TRONG U I KHT THC THEO MI NH Candpamo niccanavo kulesu amacchar sabbasamnukampo kulpakdnavavippamutto hotdhabhikkhu sapadnacr loluppacram pajahya tasm okkhittacakkhu yugamattadass kankhamno bhuvisericram careyya dhro sapadnacram. Ngha l: T-khu hnh u i kht thc theo mi nh, trong Pht php ny,l ngi lnh v nh mt trng, l ngi thng i xin n, l ngi khng bn rt trong cc nh, c s tip bnh ng c nh, l ngi thot khi ti, pht sanh do s i vo xm. Cho nn bc tr tu, nu mun i trn mt t theo s thch, cng phi dt b cc i kht thc theo mun, phi c cp mt ng xung, ch nn lic xem ra 1 ch (2 si) ri nn hnh u i kht thc theo mi nh.

---o0o---

V- CCH TH TR TRONG U THNG NGI N TRONG MT CH (Eksanikanga)

Trong u ny c 2 cch th: 1) Ti xin ngn t cch ngi n trong nhiu ch (nssanabhojanam patikkhipmi). 2) Ti xin th tr chi ca T-khu l ngi c phm cch ch ngi n trong 1 ch (aksanikangam samdiymi). Trong 2 cch y mun th cch no tu . T-khu th php u ny, trong nh n, khng nn ngi ch ca v trng lo. Phi phn bin trc ch ngi va thoe a v mnh, ri mi nn ngi. Khi ng n, nu c ng thy dy o, hoc v ho thng i n nn ng dy lm l, nhng khng c tr li n na. T-khu hnh u ny c 3 bc: - Bc thng: du c vt thc nhiu hay t, nu c th tay vo th chng nn n vt no khc thm na. - Bc trung: nu vt thc trong bt cn c php th thm. - Bc h: nu cha ra khi ch ngi n, c php lnh thm. Ba bc ny nu ngi n nhiu ch gi l ph php u m mnh nguyn gi. u ny c 8 qu bo: 1. Appbdhat: Trng thi ngi t c bnh. 2. Apptankat: trng thi ngi sng khng kho, l khi b kh trong thn th. 3. Lahutthnam: cch chi dy l lng. 4. Balam: C thn th khe mnh. 5. Phasuvihro: cch c an vui. 6. Anatirittapaccay anpatti: khng phm ti v th vt thc anatirittabhojana [*]. 7. Rasatanhyavinodanam: cch khng mong c v ngon. 8. Appicchatdnam anulomavuttit: trng thi ngi c s hnh va theo cc c tnh, nht l khng tham hay t tham.

[*] vt thc m T-khu ngn ri, sau khi ng dy khi ch y, th lnh c ri khng lm theo lut (xem trong iu hc Ngn vt thc ). y l 8 qu bo trong u n trong 1 ch ngi m T-khu th tr c chn chn.

---o0o--KT LUN TRONG U N TRONG MT CH NGI Eksanabhojane ratam nayatim bhojana paccay ruj visahantirase aloluppo parihpeti na kammamattano iti phsuvihra krane suvisallekharatupasevite janaye thavisuddha mnaso ratimeksanabhojaneati. Ngha l: cc th bnh pht sanh pht sanh do dng vt thc, hng khng lm hi n hnh gi vui thch trong cch thng th thc trong 1 ch ngi. S chng la chn v ngon khng lm cho tiu hoi nghip tinh tn ca hnh gi. Cho nn T-khu, l ngi c tm trong sch nn lm cho s vui thch pht sanh trong u , ch nn ngi n trong 1 ch l nguyn nhn lm cho cch c an vui.

---o0o--VI- CCH TH TR TRONG U THNG N TRONG MT BT (Pattapindiknga)

Trong u ny cng c 2 cch th: 1) Ti xin ngn ng th nh (dutiyabhjanam patikkhipmi). 2) Ti xin th tr chi ca T-khu, l ngi c phm cch ch thng th thc trong 1 bt [*] (pattapindikngamsamdiymi). [*] ting "bt" y chng phi ch ni v bnh bt thi u, du dng khc cng gi l bt c. Trong 1 cch y mun th theo cch no tu . T-khu th php u ny, khi dng cho phi cho trong ng, nu c an kh (kh, mn) nn n kh trc cng c, hp cho trc cng c, kh trong cho, e c mi hi tanh, n ri ma ra, nhng nu n c cng tt. V mt ong, hoc ng th phi chung vo n vi cho. Cc

vt y T-khu phi th cho c tit . Trong khi n nu c nc chm v c, tri, rau, phi cm n khng tin phi nn vo bt. T-khu hnh u ny c 3 bc: - Bc thng: n vo ming ri du gp xng, gp rc cng chng nn nh ra (tr ra n ma, c php nh rc. - Bc trung: n nhm xng hoc rc c php nh b, nhng khng nn bp, trn vt thc trong bt ri mi n. - Bc h: du trn vt thc trong bt ri mi n cng c. Ba bc ny, nu n ngoi bt th gi l ph php u m mnh nguyn gi. u ny c 6 qu bo: 1. Nnrasatanhvinodanam: cch dt b s mong mi trong vt thc c v ngon 2. Atricchatayapahnam: cch dt b trng thi c s ham mun trong mn n. 3. hrepayojanamatta dassit: trng thi ngi thy iu hu ch v s tit trong vt thc. 4. Thlakdipariharanakhedbhvo: khng c s cc nhc nht l ct gi vt thc. 5. Avikkhittabhojit: trng thi ngi khng c tm thay i vt thc khc. 6. Appicchatdinam anulomavuttit: trng thi ngi c cch hnh va theo cc c tnh, nht l khng tham hay t tham. y l 6 qu bo trong u ch thng n trong mt bt m T-khu th tr c chn chn

---o0o--KT LUN TRONG U THNG N TRONG MT BT. Nnbhjanavikkhepam hitv okkhittalocano khananto viya rasatanhya sumnaso paribhunjeyya hram koanno pattapindiko. mlni

Ngha l: hnh gi l ngi dt s thay i trong nhiu mn n khc, c cp mt ng xung, c hnh vi chn chnh, o bng gc r ca lng tham mun, l ngi c thin tm hnh php tri tc, nh ngi gn gi thn th mnh

th no, th T-khu hnh u ch thng n trong mt bt, l no li th thc (trong ng bt khc c).

---o0o--VII- CCH TH TR TRONG U NGN ATRITTABHOJANA (Khaluppacchbhattikanga)

Khi T-khu ng n c th ch em vt thc n dng trong hc m khng lnh gi l "Ngn vt thc". n khi ng dy khi ch y ri m dng vt thc y hoc vt thc khc, phi cho ngi lm theo lut (vinayakamma) mi n c. Khng lm th phm ng i tr, vt thc nh ngi lm vinayakamma c cho php n na y gi l atiritabhojana. Trong u ny c 2 cch th: 1) Ti xin ngn cch dng (atirittabhojanam patikkhipmi). 2) Ti xin th tr chi ca T-khu l ngi c phm cch khng dng vt thc ngn ri, m sau li c (khalupacchbhattikangam samdiymi). Trong 2 cch ny mun th theo cch no tu . T-khu th u ny, khi ngn vt thc ri khng nn nh ngi lm cho vt thc dng c u. u ny c ngha ging nhau vi iu hc (pathama pavran) nhng y cao thng hn. Nn bit u ny c ngha cao thng hn iu hc pathama pavrana nh th no? Trong iu hc pathama pavrana ni: T-khu ngn vt thc ri, khi ng dy khi ch ngi, nu nh ngi lm vinayakamma ri th n vt thc y c. Trong u ny khng phi nh th, du c l ngi lm vinayakamma cho thnh vt n c, cng khng nn n, y l ch cao thng hn, i vi iu hc pathama pavrana. T-khu hnh u ny c 3 bc. - Bc thng: khi ang n thc n m ngn vt thc ca ngi dng cng th chng c php th thc phm cn li trong bt. - Bc trung: ang n vt thc no ch c php n mn y. - Bc h: c php n cho n khi ng dy.

Ba bc ny, nu ngn vt thc ri m cn n na gi l php u m mnh nguyn gi. u ny c 5 qu bu: 1- Anatirittabho janpattiy durbhvo: trng thi ngi lnh xa khi s phm ti v cch dng vt thc anatirittabhojana [*]. 2- Odarikattbhavo: khng c c ch ngi n qu no 3- Niramisasannidhita: trng thi ngi khng gom thu dnh vt thc. 4- Punapariye sanya abbvo: khng c cch tm kim thm na 5- Appicchatdnam naulomavuttit: trng thi ngi c t cch, hnh va theo cc c, nht l khng tham hay t tham. [*] Vt thc m T-khu ngn, ri sau khi c li m khng nh ngi lm vinayakamma gi l anatirittabhojana. y l 5 qu bo trong u ny, m T-khu th tr chn chn.

---o0o--KT LUN TRONG U NGN VT THC Pariyesanya khedam na yti na karoti sannidhim dhiro odarikattam pajahati khahipacchabhattiko yogtasm sugatappasattham santosagundivuddhi sanjananam dose vidhu nitukmo bhajeyya yogdhutangamidam Ngha l: Hnh gi l ngi c tr tu, l ngi th tr chi ca T-khu c phm cch khng dng vt thc m mnh ngn ri khi sau ngc li, l ngi khng c s kh cc v cch tm vt dng, khng cht cha vt dng, l ngi b t cch th thc qu no. Cho nn hnh gi l ngi c tr tu, mun dt b phin kh no, nn hnh u ny m c Th Tn hng ngi khen v l phng php lm cho tng trng cc c tnh, nht l c tri tc.

---o0o--VIII- CCH TH TR TRONG U THNG NNG NG TRONG RNG (Arannikanga)

Trong u ny cng c 2 cch th:

1) Ti xin ngn cch ng ni khong nh, trc khi mt tri mc (gmantase nsanam patikkhi pmi). 2) Ti xin th tr chi ca T-khu, l ngi c phm cch thng nng ng trong rng (aranni kangam samdiymi). Trong 2 cch y mun th theo cch no tu . T-khu hnh u ny, khi th tr ri, khng nn trong khong nh trc khi mt tri mc. Cn phi ng ni rng trc khi mt tri mc. Ch ni khong nh l ni v ch trong xm [*]. Cn gi l rng y l ch v ch ngoi xm v ngoi ch gn xm. [*] ngi n ng c sc lc bc trung ly t cc ling rt n u, ch y l gn xm. Ch ni xm l: du xm no ch c 1 hoc nhiu nh c hng ro hoc vch tng, c tng xung quanh hoc khng c, c ngi hoc bun bn ch no c bn bun bn n tr ng ni y hn 4 thng cng u gi l xm c. Ch trong rng nn o t ranh xm (ch c nh chi, trm ngh) cho xa c 1.000 thc. Nu khng c ranh xm, chi, trm nn o t ch cc t m ngi trai c sc lc bc trung ling rt y. Nu gn xm nghe ting ngi m b khut ni, hoc c sng ngn, khng th i ngay ti c, nn o theo ng m h thng i ti lui. Nhng khng nn ro ngn ng i tt gn ca h (nu lm nh th gi l "k cp ln" v phn u ny). u ny c 8 qu bo: 1. Bhabbo aladdham v samdhim pati ladhum: ngi ng c thin nh cha c. 2. Laddham vrakkhitum: ngi c th gn gi thin nh c. 3. Satthpissa attamano: c thin nhn s hng va lng i vi T-khu y. 4. Asappyarpdayo cittam na vikkhipanti: nht l st trrn l iu khng va lng,khng sao khy ri tm T-khu y c. 5. Vigatasantso: xa lnh khi s kinh s. 6. Jvitanikantim pajahati: c th dt b s vui thch trong sanh mng c. 7. Pavivekasukharasam asdeti: c nm mi v ca s an vui ni thanh vng. 8. Pamsuklikdibhvo: ngi th c th tr u mc y ca-sa ng gm d dng c.

y l 8 qu bo u thng ng trong rng.

---o0o--KT LUN U THNG NG TRONG RNG. Pavivitto asamsatto pantasensane rato rdhayanto nthassa vanavsena mnasam eko aranne nivasam yam sukham labhate yati rasam tassana vindanti api dev sandak. Pamsuklanca esovakavacam viya dhrayam arannasang magato avasesadhutyudho samattho nacirasseva jetum mram sahhanam tasm aranna vsamhi ratim kayirtha pandito. Ngha l: Hnh gi c tm yn lng, khng ln ln v phe ng, hng vui thch trong ni thanh vng, l ngi c th lm cho c Pht c va lng v khen rng: Hnh gi l ngi nng ng trong rng 1 mnh, hng c an vui cho n ni tt c ch thin v thin cng chng ng nm hng v ca s an vui y. Nh th, nu hnh gi c hnh thm u mc y ng gm lm thit gip ri, xng vo chin trng tc l rng, dng 11 php Dhuta lm qun binh, th c th chin thng Ma vng cng bn qun ma c d dng khng lu. Cho nn bc tr tu cn phi vui thch trong phng php nng ng trong rng.

---o0o--IX- CCH TH TR TRONG U THNG NNG NG GN CI CY (Rukkhamlikanga)

Trong u ny cng c 2 cch th: 1) Ti xin ngn ch c che lp (channam patikkhipmi). 2) Ti xin th tr chi ca T-khu l ngi c phm cch thng nng ng gn ci cy (rukkhasmulikangam samdiymi). Trong 2 cch y mun th theo cch no tu . T-khu hnh u ny, khi th ri nn tm nng ng gn ci cy, cy no xa cha, nh, tr ra cy ch ranh xm, cy m h hay n cng vi, cy c du, cy c tri, c bng m h cn dng, c di chim, c . T-khu hnh u ny c 3 bc.

- Bc thng: chng nn la bng cy theo mnh, phi trnh cc th cy k trn, ly chn a l cy, lm ch . - Bc trung: nu c ngi no gn, nh h qut dm cng c. - Bc h: c php cy ngi cha qut dm cng c v lm hng ro cho. Ba no c nhiu ngi hi hip ni y, phi tm ni khut tch khc. Ba bc ny, nu ni no c che lp n mt tri mc gi l ph php u m mnh nguyn gi. u ny c 6 qu bo: 1-Nissaynurpapatipattisabbhvo: ngi tu hnh va theo php nng m v ho thng dy khi mi th c tc gii rng: Ngi xut gia nn nng ng ni ci cy. 2- Bhagavat samvannitapaccayat: ngi c vt dng m c Th Tn hng ngi khen l vt dng t, d kim v khng ti. 3- Anicca-sannsamutthapanat: trng thi c th lm cho php v thng tng (anicca-sanna) pht sanh v c thy thng thng ci hin tng [*] ca cy v l. 4- Sensanamaccherakammrmatnam abhvo: khng bn rt trong ch v l ngi vui thch trong phn s mnh. 5- Devathi sahavsit: trng thi m ngi c chung cng vi ch thin. 6- Appicchatdnam anulomavuttit: trng thi m ngi c phm cch tu hnh va theo cc c tnh, nht l khng tham hay t tham. [*] trng thi ca vt m ngi c th cm gic c. y l 6 qu bo trong u ny m T-khu th tr c chn chn.

---o0o--KT LUN TRONG U THNG NNG NG GN CI CY. Vannito buddhasaetthena nissayoti cabhsito nivso pavivittassa rukkhamlasamo kutovsamaccheraharedevat pariplite pavivitte vasanto hi rukkhamlamhi subbato abhirattni nlni pandni patani ca passanto tarupannni nicca-sannam pandati tasam hi buddhadyajjam bhvanbhiratlayam vivittam nti manneyy rukkhamlam vicakkhano.

Ngha l: ch ca T-khu, l ngi c tm yn lng m c Pht hng ngi khen v ging rng: Ch trong rng l ni nng nu ca bc xut gia, chngc chi snh bng "T-khu ng trong rng l ni thanh vng, c th dt b c s bn rt trong tht, c ch thin nng theo rng h tr na. Chng phi c th thi, T-khu l ngi gn ci cy, khi thy l mi tr xanh ti hoc l cy chn c mu vng rng, c th dt tr php thng tng [*] (nicca-sanna). Bi c y, bc c tr tu khng nn khinh r ch yn lng gn ci cy, l ch ca c Chnh Bin Tri ng, l ni c tr ca cc hnh gi a thch trong php thin nh. [*] thng tng: tng l thng trong cc sc v thng.

---o0o--X- CCH TH TR TRONG U THNG NG TRONG KHONG TRNG (Abbhokasikanga).

Trong u ny cng c 2 cch th. 1) Ti xin ngn ch che lp v ch gn ci cy (channanca rukkhamlanca patikkhipmi). 2) Ti xin th tr chi ca T-khu l ngi c t cch thng nng ng trong khong trng (abbhoksikangam samdiymi). Trong 2 cch y mun th theo cch no tu . T-khu hnh u ny,nu vo tnh x nghe php, hoc lm l Uposatha m c ma n khng nn ci ra i, ch cho ma tnh s i, hoc vo nh n, nh khi lm Pht s (gip vic cho v trng lo, cho tng cng nn). Nu i theo ng c cm vt ph tng ca v trng lo m mc ma nn vo t ma trong cc phc x (nh trm) ct gia ng cng c, du khng c cm vt chi ca v trng lo, vo ni y t ma cng nn, song phi i chm ri, hoc khng nn tnh ngh trong phc x y. T-khu hnh u c ba bc: - Bc thng: Chng nn di bng cy, trong ni, nh mt. - Bc trung: Nu c vic phi vo nh khng li. - Bc h: Vo ngh cc ni y cng c nhng khng nn n mt tri mc.

Ba bc ny nu trong cc ni c che lp, hoc di ci cy hoc ch che lp n mt tri mc, gi l ph php u m mnh nguyn gi. Qu bo trong abbhoksikanga - u ny c 5 qu bo: 1. vsapalibobdhupacchedo: cch dt b s bn trong tnh tht(cha). 2. Thmamiddhappanudanam: cch dt tr s lng bing trong thn tm 3. Nissangat: trng thi ngi khng bn lng v s lo gn gi ch . 4. Catuddisat: trng thi ngi i n 4 phng c, khng c s tr ngi, v khi lo s khng c ch ng. 5. Appicchatdinam anulomavuttit: Trng thi ngi c s hnh va theo cc c tnh, nht l khng tham hay t tham. y l 5 qu bo trong u ny m T-khu th tr c chn chn.

---o0o--KT LUN TRONG U NG TRONG KHONG TRNG. Anagriyabhvassa anurpe adullabhe trmani vtanamhi candadi pappabhsite abbhotse vasam bhikkhu migabhutena cetas thinamiddham vinodetv bhanamrmatam sito pavivekarasassdam nacirasseva vidatiyasm tasmhisappanno obhokse ratosiy. Ngha l: Hnh gi khng gn gi ch , v nh th rng hng nng theo trng thi vui thch trong php thin nh, tm kim ch ng trong khong trng, l ni va cho hng xut gia, ly cc ngi sao lm trn, c n dng ngc m no, ly mt trng lm n soi sng, c th dt tr s li bing trong thn tm v khng bao lu s c hng iu vui thch trong hng v ca php yn lng. Cho nn hnh gi l ngi c tr tu nn a thch khong trng nh th.

---o0o--XI- CCH TH TR TRONG U THNG NG NI M A (Sosnikanga)

Trong u ny cng c 2 cch th.

1) Ti xin ngn ch khng c m m (sasusnam patikkhipmi). 2) Ti xin th tr chi ca T-khu l ngi thng c phm cch thng nng trong ni m a (Sosnikangam samdiymi). Trong 2 cch y mun th theo cch no tu . Ni thiu ngi hoc chn t thi u l h cn ng thiu hoc chn thng ngy hay l b t 12 nm ri, cng gi l m a. Nhng ni no h ni l m a m cha tng thiu hoc chn t thi, khng gi l m a c. Tht vy, T-khu ng trong m a khng nn bo ngi lm ch i kinh hnh, ch ging chng, khng nn cha nc ung, tm, ra hoc dy ngi hc kinh lut. V u ny trng lm, cn phi nga s r ro. phi trnh cho v trng lo trong cha v cc vin chc trong lng, tng hay trc, ri mi c php vo ng, khng nn d dui. Khi i vo, phi theo ng l, n khi i kinh hnh phi ic mt xem ch thiu hoc chn t thi. Ban ngy nn phn bin cho ri ch c cy, , gc cy. Nu c phi nhn [*] ku la trong ban m, khng nn dng vt chi nh, p, ui x u. Cn i n m a mi ngy, nu i vo ni y lc na m, khuya ri tr v cng c. Khng nn n m, bt trn, vi u rajamsa, c, tht, hoc bnh trn vi sa ti, du v ng ma, l vt va ming ca hnh phi nhn. Chng nn i vo nh, miu ct trong ni y. [*] phi nhn l ng qu m ngi thng gi l ch v. T-khu hnh u ny c 3 bc: - Bc thng: nn trong ni no m h thng chn t thi hoc thng n chn y m than khc - Bc trung: ni no thng chn hoc thiu t thi cng c. - Bc h: ni no c chn hoc thiu t thi mt i ln, cng c Ba bc ny nu lc canh 5 (l canh cht, t hn ht) m chng vo ni m m gi l ph php u m mnh nguyn gi. 10 qu bo trong Sosnikanga: 1. Maranassatipatilbho: phng php c php nim s cht do c thng thy t thi. 2. Appamadavihrat: trng thi ngi khng d dui, nh cch c php nim

v s cht. 3. Asubhanimittdhigamo: phng php tham thin thy cnh t thi, do c xem t thi b trong m a 4. Kmargavinodanam: cch dt gim tnh dc v s tham thin thy cnh t thi y. 5. Abhinham kyasabhvadassanam: cch thng thy trng thi ca thn th khng sch. 6. Samvegabahulat: trng thi ngi c nhiu s cm s (samvega) do c php nim v s cht. 7. rogyamaddippahnam:: cch dt b s say m, do c thy ngi bnh trong ni y. 8. Bhayabheravasahanat: trng thi ngi kin nhn trong iu kinh s ng gh gm v quen gp cnh ng gh tm. 9. Amanussnam garubhvaniyat: trng thi ngi c phm cch ng cho phi nhn tn trng v ngi khen. 10. Appicchatdinam anulomavuttit: trng thi ngi c s hnh va theo cc c tnh, nht l khng tham hay l t tham. y l 10 qu bu trong u ny m T-khu th tr c chn chn

---o0o--KT LUN TRONG U THNG NG TRONG NI M A Sosnikanhimarannusa-dippabhv niddga tampi phusanti pamdados sampassato cakunapni bahni tassa kmnur gavasagampi nahoti cittam sam vegameti vipulam namadam upeti sammatho ghatati nibbutimesamno sosnikangamitineka gunvahatt nibbnaninnahadayena nisevitabbam. Ngha l: T-khu l ngi ng trong m a, du mun ng trong ni y cng tri l, v khng b cc s d dui tip xc do thng lc ca php thin nh v s cht c trong ni y. Chng phi c th thi, tm ca T-khu y khi thng thy t thi th khng sao b tnh dc li cun m ch c nhiu Samvega (dch l "cm s") khng say m. Cho nn hnh gi mong t n Nit bn l ni dt kh, phi tinh tn hnh u ny, nh tm chn chnh xu hng v php u thng ng trong m a l php em n rt nhiu c tnh nh c gii.

---o0o---

XII- CCH TH TR TRONG U THNG TRONG CH TNG CHO U TIN KHNG DI I (Yathsanthatikanga)

Trong u ny cng c 2 cch th. 1) Ti xin ngn s chn la ch (sensanalolupam patikkhipmi). 2) Ti xin th tr chi ca T-khu l ngi thng c phm cch thng trong ch m Tng cho u tin, khng di i (yathsathatikangam samdiymi). Trong 2 cch y mun th theo cch no tu . Hnh gi th u ny, nu T-khu th mt Tng cho ch u tin th no, th phi vui thch ch y thi, khng c tm hi, hoc i la ch no khc. T-khu hnh u ny c 3 bc: - Bc thng: chng nn hi thm ch ca mnh xa hay gn, hoc c ma qu ph quy haychng? Gio hi nh ch no ph ni y. - Bc trung: c php hi, nn chng nn i xem ch theo mnh. - Bc h: c php hi v i xem ch , nu khng va cng khng nn xin i ch. Ba bc ny, nu pht lng ham mun cng ch theo mnh, gi l ph php u m mnh nguyn gi. u ny c 6 qu bo: 1. Ovdakaranam: c gi l hnh theo li dy ca c Th Tn. Ngi c gii rng: Ch m mnh c ri, th mnh phi nn vui thch theo ch y, khng nn di i nh th 2. Sabramacrhitesit: trng thi ngi tm li ch cho hng phm hnh cng nhau, l nhng ch khc cho v khc. 3. Hnapantavikappariccgo: cch dt b s phn bin, thp hn hay l cao sang. 4. Anurodhavirodhappahnam: phng php dt b s va lng v iu tri c. 5. Atricchatyadvrapidahanam: cch cm ngn s ham mun qua. [*]

6. Appicchatdinam anulomavuttit: arng thi ngi c cch hnh va theo cc c tnh nht l khng tham hay l t tham. [*] l s ham mun thi qu qua ri nh l c mt ri cn mong c mt na y l 6 qu bo trong u thng ch m tng gi cho m T-khu th tr c chn chm.

---o0o--KT LUN TRONG U THNG NG TRONG CH TNG CH CHO U TIN KHNG DI I. Yam laddham tena santuttho yathsan thatiko yati nibbikappo sukkham seti seti tina santhara kesupi naso rajjti setthamhi hnam laddh na kuppati tasm ariyatcannam mun ipunga vavannitam anuyrujetha medhv yathsantarmatam. Ngha l: hnh gi c s tri tc trong ch , c sao vy, l ngi ng ch m Tng cho, khng tm ch cao sang, th hng ng c an vui, du l nm trn chiu c. Ngi khng vui thch trong ch qu trng, du c ch thp hn cng chng bt bnh hn gin, mi ng gi l ngi tip cc hng phm hnh mi xut gia cho c iu li ch. Bi c y, bc tr tu nn c lng vui thch trong ch m Tng cho, l c l ca hng thnh nhn, m c Pht thng khen ngi.

---o0o--XIII- CCH TH TR TRONG U NGN OAI NGHI NM ( Nesajjikanga)

Trong u ny cng c 2 cch th: 1) Ti xin ngn oai nghi nm (seyyam patikkhipmi). 2) Ti xin th tr chi ca T-khu l ngi c phm cch ngn oai nghi nm (nesajjikangam samdiymi). Trong 2 cch y mun th theo cch no tu . T-khu nguyn hnh u ny ri ban m, trong canh 3 i kinh hnh trn mt canh cng c, nhng khng nn nm [*].

[*] phng php nim tt c mc thin nh u dng oai nghi ngi, nu hnh u ny, tham thin c va . T-khu hnh u ny c 3 bc: - Bc thng: du da mnh vo u cng chng c. - Bc trung: c php da. - Bc h: Nu dng ging gh theo lut nh cng c (tr ra khng nn nm). Ba bc ny nu nm trc mt tri mc, gi l ph php u m mnh nguyn gi. Qu bo u Nesajjiknga (u tin ngn oai nghi nm) - u ny c 5 qu bo: 1. Catasovinibandhassa upacchedanam: Phng php nht l dt tr ci tm quen tha thch trong s m ng. 2. Sabbakammatthnnayogasappyat: trng thi ca oai nghi c s an vui n phm cch tinh tn trong cch thin nh . 3. Psadikairiypathat: trng thi ngi c oai nghi em s tn ngng n nhiu ngi. 4. Viriyrambhnukulat: trng thi va n ngi c chi tinh tn. 5. Sammpatipattiysamupabrhanam: phm cch pht sanh s tu hnh chn chnh.

---o0o--KT LUN TRONG U NGN OAI NGHI NM bhuyitvna pallankam panidhaya ujumtanum nisdnto vikampeti mrassa hdayam yati syyasukham middhasukham hitv raddhaviriyo nisajj bhirato bhikkhu sabhayanto tapovanam nirmisam ptisukham yasm samodhigacchati tasm samanuyunjeyya dhro nesajjikam vatam. Ngha l: Hnh gi ngi bn gi, thn hnh cho ngay thng, c th lm cho tm ca Ma Vng phi rung ng. T Khu l ngi c tm tinh tn dt b cch nm v ng cho vui sng, ch a thch trong oai nghi ngi, lm cho rng, tc l tapadhamma [1] c soi sng r rng, hng c ph d [2] va lng khng c amisa [3].

[1] tapadhamma: php thiu t cc phin no [2] ph d (piti) l nh tha thch trong khi tham thin m c no lng [3] Ch gii: "va lng khng c amisa" l va lng tha thch khng nng theo ng dc v p trong s xut gia Bi c y bc c tr tu nn gi gn php u Nesajjika ny cho c chn chn.

---o0o--GII V S ON XT CHUNG TRONG 13 U (Sansavinicchayakath)

Mi ba u ny ni tm li ch c tm phn: 3 phn chnh v 5 phn khng chung ln; tm li na cn 4 phn: 1) 2 u nng theo ca-sa ( cvarapatisamyutta). 2) 5 u nng theo s kht thc ( pindaptapatisamyutta). 3) 5 u nng theo ch ( sensanapatisamyutta). 4) 1 u nng theo s tinh tn ( viriyapatisamyutta). tm li na c 2 phn : 1) u no, hnh gi th ri, m thin nh c tin ha th phi th. 2) u no hnh gi phi th m thin nh khng pht sanh th khng nn th. Nhng u no m hnh gi khng th hoc th m thin nh vn c tin ha khng tiu hoi, cng gi l th, l phi th lm khun mu cho k hu lai; hoc u no m hnh gi th hay khng th m thin nh vn khng pht sanh cng gi l th, l phi th nh thng lm gng n ngi hu tn. Tm li na, ch cn mt, l ni ni v tc th tr c 13 u y. Hi: - Chia u ra lm 3 phn chnh v 5 phn khng chung ln y nh th no ? p: - 1. Sapadnacrikanga, 2. Eksanikanga, 3. Abboksikanga, c ba u y gi l u chnh. Ngha l: Khi th sapadnacrikanga ri th lun pindaptikanga cng c, nu th eksanikanga ri th lun pattapindikanga v khalupacchbhattikanga cng c, nu th

khalupacchbhattikanga cng c, nu th abboksikanga ri khng l khng th rukkhamlikanga, ythsanthatikanga na th no c. rannikanga, pamsukkikanga, tecvarikanga, nesajjikanga, sosnikanga, c 5 u y gi l 5 u khng chung ln nhau, v khng mng tng vi u khc. Hi: - Ch ni tm li, cn 4 phn y nh th no ? p: - Pamsuklikanga, tecvarikanga - c hai u ny gi l nng theo casa v dnh dp cng nhau trong cch dng ca-sa. Pindaptikanga, sapadnacrikanga, eksanikanga, pattapindikanga, khalupacchbhattikanga, c 5 u ny gi l nng theo th thc v dnh dp cng trong cch th thc. rannikanga rukhamlikanga, abbhoksikanga, sosnikanga, yathsanthatikanga, c 5 u ny gi l nng theo ch v c s dnh dp cng nhau trong ch . Nesajjikanga gi l nng theo tinh tn v dnh dp cng nhau trong s tinh tn. Hi: - Ch ni tm li, cn 2 phn y nh th no ? p: - 12 u trn gi l nng theo vt dng. mt u Nesajjikanga sau cui cng gi l nng theo tinh tn.

---o0o--GII V PHN PHT U (Byssavinicchayakath)

- T Khu nn th tr c 13 u . - T Khu ni ch nn th tr 8 u ( v kh gi). - Sa-di khng c lut buc phi adhitthna tam y, rt tecvatikanga ra ch cn 12 u . - Sikkhamn v Sa-di ni khng b buc phi adhitthna tam y nh sadi v phn s ph n nh T Khu ni nn b rannikanga, khalupacchbhattikanga, abbhoksikanga, rukkhamlikanga sosnikanga, tecvarikanga ra cn li 7 u .

Cn s nam v cn s n [*] nn th tr 2 u l eksanikanga v pattapindikanga. [*] cn s nam v cn s n l ngi nam hoc ngi n em c thn tm lo cho Tam bo ht lng hnh theo gio php ca c Pht. --- o0o ---

Phn 05
PHM PARIVRA (Trch lc trong tng Lut)
I. T-khu c 5 chi, khng nn khng c nissaya (khng nng theo ng thy) [*] [*] tri li th c php xa ng thy - T-khu khng bit ngy hnh Uposatha. - Khng bit hnh Uposatha. - Khng thng Ptimokkha. - Khng thng yddesa ca Ptimokkha. - Cha 5 h. II- T-khu c 5 chi khc na cng khng nn khng c nissaya: - T-khu khng bit ngy Pavran. - Khng bit hnh Pavran. - Khng thng Pavran. - Khng thng uddesa ca Ptimokkha. - Cha 5 h III- T-khu c 5 chi khc na, cng khng nn c nissaya: - T-khu khng bit c s phm ti v khng phm ti. - Khng bit ti nng hay nh. - Khng bit svasespatti v anvasespatti. - Khng bit dutthullpatti v aditthulltti. - Cha 5 h IV. T-khu c 5 chi [*] c php khng c nissaya: - T-khu c c tin - C s h thn ti li

- C s gh s ti li - C s tinh tn - C tr nh. [*] phi c 5 chi y cho thit nhiu, bn chc mi nn xa Nissaya. V- T-khu c phm ti ri, du ti v chiu theo php ty v (thng, ght, si m, s st) nh th gi l alajji. VI- T-khu c 5 chi hng sa a ngc: - T-khu khng ngay thng tnh thng. - T-khu khng ngay thng v ght. - T-khu khng ngay thng v dt nt. - T-khu khng ngay thng v s. - T-khu dng ca tng nh ca mnh [*]. [*] l c bn xn khng chia cho v khc. VII. T-khu khng c tr nh, hay qun mnh, ng m c 5 ti: - Ng cng kh. - Thc dy cng kh. - Nm mng thy iu khng tt. - Ch thin khng h tr. - Di tinh. VIII. T-khu i n nh c s, hay chung ch vi ngi th trong lc qu gi, hng c 5 ti: - thng lic xem ph n. - khi i xem ph n, s c lng quyn luyn. - khi quyn luyn sanh s thn thit. - khi thn thit s b tnh dc nn. - khi b tnh dc nn, T-khu y s gii i trong phm hnh hoc phm 1 ti no, hay l xin x gii hon tc. IX- 5 php hng thnh tu n T-khu nht l hnh u thng i kht thc: - i vo xm khng cn phi trnh cho T-khu trong xm hay. - Th thc chung nhiu v c (ganabhojana).

- Th thc paramparabhojana c. - Khng adhitthna y cng c. - Khng gi y d cng c. X- Ngi khng nn hnh u c 6 hng: - ngi c mong vic xu xa. - ngi c tm ganh g. - ngi gi di. - ngi ch thy bng mnh hay l ch tin bng mnh. - ngi mun c l vt. - ngi mong c k khc ngi khen. XI- ngi nn hnh u c 10 hng: - C c tin. - C tr tu. - C s h thn ti li. - Khng gi di,phi ngay tht. - Tinh tn trong iu hu ch. - Thun tnh. - Vui thch trong s hc hi. - Lm vic chi cng chn chn. - Khng hay ni iu li ca ngi. - C v lng tm l lng t i. XII- T-khu hnh u c 5 hng: - V dt nt. - V ham mun xu xa, b s ham mun nn. - V in, cung tm. - V ngh rng c Pht v ch thinh vn ngi khen. - V ham mun t, nng theo s tri tc, mong trau di tm tnh, nng theo s yn lng, nng theo s hnh vi c s li ch. XIII- Ngi khng nn lm l c 5 hng: - T-khu ng khi vo xm. - ng i theo ng i. - ng trong ni ti. - T-khu ng bn vic khng n s lm l. - T-khu ng ng.

XIV- Ngi khng nn lm l c 5 hng na: - T-khu ng n. - T-khu ng trong nh n. - T-khu c s gin hn nhau. - T-khu ng toan tnh vic. - T-khu mnh trn. XV- Ngi khng nn lm l c 5 hng na: - T-khu ng n vt ngt. - ng n vt mn. - ng tiu tin. - ng i tin. - T-khu ng b tng pht cm phng. XVI- T-khu tin co phi c 5 chi: (co, v). - C lng thng xt (karun). - Mong c iu hu ch. - C s tip . - Mun c khi ti. - Mun duy tr tng Lut. XVII- T-khu phi c 4 chi mi ng gi l T-khu: - Phi hng ch tng nh n n c ca Pht (buddhnussati). - Phi hng c lng t bi (metta). - Phi tham thin v 10 th t thi (asubham). - Phi hng ch tng nh n s cht (maranasati). XVIII- Sa-mn phi c 4 chi, mi ng gi l Sa-mn: - Phi c tm nhn nhc (khanti). - Khng d dui trong vic phc c (appamdo). - Phi dt b li danh v phin no (ratipahnam). - Khng bn lng lo nhng vic v ch (akincanam). XIX- T-khu khng nn cho nissaya n T-khu c 3 chi:

- T-khu khng bit h thn. - T-khu dt nt. - T-khu khng phi pakatatt. XX- Ngi xm ti, i vo ng d, i xung a ngc c 3 hng: - Ngi khng phi hnh o cao thng m t xng l cao thng. - Ngi co gian bc phm hnh trong sch A la hn. - Ngi ni: ng trn khng ti, ri hng th dng ng trn. XXI- Li ni cao thng c 4: - Khng thy, ni khng thy. - Khng nghe, ni khng nghe. - Ni khng trng, ni rng ni khng trng. - Khng bit r rt, ni rng khng bit r rt XXII. T-khu c gii ng tn trng c 4 chi: - Khng ty v v thng. - Khng ty v v ght. - Khng ty v v lm lc, - Khng ty v v s. XXIII. T-khu c 6 chi ng lm ho thng (truyn c tc gii), ng cho nissaya, ng cho Sa-di hu h: - T-khu c th h hoc cho ngi h t c bnh. - C th gii su hoc cho ngi gii su pht sanh. - C th ph nghi, hoc cho ngi ph nghi pht sanh. - Bit s phm li. - Bit cch sm hi. - c 10 h hoc trn 10 h. XXIV. T-khu c 5 chi gi l chia r Tng, hng i th sanh trong ng d, sa vo a ngc trng 1 i kip, ht mong sa mnh c: - T-khu thuyt php, khng phi l php m ni l php. - T-khu thuyt lut, khng phi l lut m ni l lut. - T-khu thuyt php, m ni khng phi l php. - T-khu thuyt lut, m ni khng phi l lut. - Gi b khng bit m lm tng s khc nhau.

XXV- T-khu c 7 chi mi gi l lut s. - Bit l patti. - Bit khng phi l patti . - Bit l ti nh. - Bit l ti nng. - C gii v thu thc trong: "Bit bit gii thot thu thc gii". - C u cra v gocra. - C s lo s trong ti li du l nh nhen cht t. XXVI- Tr i vi thy c 5 iu: - Phi ht lng yu thng thy. - Phi ht lng tn ngng thy. - Phi ht lng h thn ti li. - Phi ht lng tn knh thy. - Phi ht lng nh tng thy. XXVII- ng thy ng cho tr nng nh c 7 iu: - ng thy phi c lng t i bnh ng. - ng thy phi c gii tinh nghim. - ng thy phi ng cho tr tn trng . - ng thy phi nhn nhc,khi tr bt bnh, thy ty c cm ho tr. - ng thy phi bit o l cao siu v bit cch ging gii theo sc ca tr . - ng thy phi ngn nga khng cho tr lm iu v ch ti li. - ng thy phi tm phng php ch dn tr cho mau c tin ho. XXVIII. Bt c 2 th: - Bt lm bng t. - Bt lm bng st. Ch c dng 2 th y thi. -ooOoo-

GII V KATHINA (Kathina Kath)


Vn: - ting gi Kathina ngha nh th no?

p: - ting Kathina l 1 ting trong Pht gio pht sanh theo li chun hnh ca c Th Tn, buc cht 5 qu bo cho thnh tu n T-khu, ngi th v ngi anumodan, cho n hn k qu bo y.

---o0o--5 QU BO (nisansa)
T-khu th Kathina ri c hng 5 qu bo l: 1) Nu Kathina cha x, T-khu khng t gi v trong nhm, ri i cng c, ngha l khng phm ti trong iu hc critta. 2) T-khu khng em tam y theo mnh ri i cng c, khng phm ti trong iu hc asamdnacro. 3) T-khu th thc chung nhiu v cng c khng phm ti trong iu hc ganabhojana. 4) Ct gi y, du khng dhitthna khng gi cng c khng phm ti trong iu hc pathamakathina. 5) Y ca T-khu hoc Sa-di tch hoc y th dng n Tng, y pht sanh do ti sn ca Tng. T-khu th Kathina c php lnh dng. Tm li T-khu th Kathina c hng 5 qu bo y.

---o0o--CCH THC TH KATHINA (Kathinatthna vidhnakath).


Vn: - Ngi hng no mi th Kathina c. Ngi hng no mi th Kathina khng c.? p: - Nu ni v s ngi phi c t lm l 5 v tr ln [*], mi th Kathina c, t hn 5 v khng php th Kathina. [*] ni 5 v mi th Kathina c l 4 v lm Tng giao y Kathina, 1 v lm ngi th Kathina. Cn ni v nhp h, T-khu nhp h trc (purimikavass) Pavran trong ngy Pavran trc (l Pavran trong ngy rm thng 9 Vit Nam) mi th

Kathina c. T-khu dt h hoc nhp h sau (nhp h ngy 16 thng 6 sau, nm nhun) v T-khu nhp h cha khc, th Kathina khng c. Vn: - ngi hng no mi nn dng Kathina p: - Mt trong my hng ngi sau ny l: ch thin, ngi thin tn, Tkhu, Sa-di dng c c. Th ch phi vo dng trong hc, tng ngi hoc ng trong cha nhp h ri dng, ni nh vy: Chng ti xin dng y Kathina (kathina cvaramdema). Vn: - Khi th ch dng y, Tng phi th bng cch no? p: - Khng nn th bng thn hoc khu, phi cn th bng tm ca Tng, l phi th bng cch lm thinh. Vn: - T-khu no ng th Kathina? p: - Tng giao y Kathina cho T-khu no, T-khu y phi th. Vn: - Tng phi giao y Kathina cho T-khu no? p: - T-khu no c y c th phi giao cho T-khu y. Nu nhiu v c y c, Tng phi giao cho v cao h hn v thng r 8 php, c th lm php th cho kp trong ngy y. Nu T-khu cao h khng thng th giao cho T-khu thp h, thng hiu php th. Nhng Tng nn bn tnh trc vi v trng lo, cu ngi th rng: bch ngi, xin ngi th i, ri chng ti gip lm vi ngi. Khi Tng c Kathina ri, hi hp nhau, ngi (trong hc) trong Sm, ch nh 2 v tuyn ngn trnh cho Tng r. V th nht hi: Bch i c Tng, y Kathina pht sanh n Tng ri, Tng nn giao Kathina ny cho T-khu no th Kathina? V th hai p: T-khu no c y c, Tng nn giao cho v y. V th nht ni: T-khu c cvaram c, c nhiu v, hoc ni trong ni y khng c v no c y c c. V th hai ni: tng nn giao Kathina cho v trng lo.

V th nht ni: Trong ni y T-khu no cao h? V th hai ni: T-khu (... php danh T-khu th vo y ...). V th nht ni: v trng lo y c th lm y c v th kp trong ngy nay chng? V th hai ni: ngi lm c (hoc ni: Tng nn tip n v trng lo). V th nht hi li na rng: vy ngi trng lo y c 8 chi chng? (xem phn PAKINNAKAKATH tip theo). V th hai p: ngi trng lo c 8 chi ri. Nu v th nht bng lng th ni: sdhu, ng ri. Tng nn giao cho ngi trng lo y. Phi cho T-khu thng hiu trnh cho Tng hay. Vn: - Tng hi cn giao Kathina cho T-khu ngi th bng cch thc nh th no?. p: - tng phi giao bng cch tng tuyn ngn 2 bn (nattidutiyakammavc). Cch thc tng tuyn ngn 2 bn giao y y, theo li Pht chun hnh [1] (buddhnuntta) trong phm Mahvagga rng: phi cho T-khu thng hiu trnh n tng bit nh vy: Suntu me bhante sangho, idam sanghassa kathinadussam upannam, yadi sanghassa pattakallam, sangho imam kathinadussam (itthannmassa) [2] bhikkhuno dadeyya kathinam attharitum, es natti. Suntu me bhante sangho, idam sanghassa kathinadussam upannam, sangho imam kathinadussam (itthannmassa) bhikkhuno deti kathinamattharitum, yassyasmato khamati imassa kathinadussassa (itthannmassa) bhikkhuno dnam kathinamattharitum, so bhseyya, dinnam imam sanghena kathinadussassa (itthannmassa) bhikkhuno kathinam attharitum, khamati sanghassa, tasm tunhi evametam dhraymi [1] cho php thi hnh [2] php danh T-khu th Kathina vo ch ("itthannmassa"). Ngha l:

Bch ho i c tng, xin Tng nghe ti trnh y Kathina ny pht sanh n Tng ri, nu (gi ny) va n Tng ri, nn giao y Kathina y n cho Tkhu (... ) th Kathina, y l li trnh. Bch ho i c tng, xin Tng nghe ti trnh y Kathina ny pht sanh n Tng ri (nay) tng giao y Kathina y n cho T-khu (... ) th Kathina, s giao Kathina cho T-khu (... ) th Kathina va n ngi no, ngi y phi ni ln. Y Kathina y, Tng giao cho T-khu (... ) ri Kathina (s ny) va n Tng ri. V l y, Tng nn lm thinh, ti ghi nh s ny do trng thi lm thinh y. Vn: - Nu Tng giao y Kathina nh th ri T-khu th Kathina phi lm nh th no? p: - T-khu th Kathina y phi git, v, phi, o, ct, may, nhum, lm du cho xong trong ngy y ri th Kathina. Nu th ch ct may sn, Tkhu th ch phi nhum hoc lm du (kappabindu) thi, ri th Kathina. Nu mun th y 2 lp (sanghati), phi (paccuddhra) x y 2 lp c, adhitthna y 2 lp mi ri c lm l th (hoc mun th y vai tri 9 uttrsnga), hoc y ni (antaravsaka) cng nn lm nh nhau. Vn: - T-khu phi th Kathina bng th no? p: - trong phm parivna c ni rng: nu T-khu mun th y 2 lp (snghti) cn (paccuddhra) x y 2 lp c ca mnh, ri adhitthna y 2 lp mi, ri c ra ting cho Tng nghe r rng: Imya sanghtiya kathinam atthrmi (ti th Kathina bng y 2 lp ny). Nu th y bng y vai tri uttarsanga, phi (paccuddhra) x y vai tri c ca mnh adhitthna y vai tri mi, ri c ra ting cho Tng nghe r rng: Imin uttarsangena kathinam attharmi (ti th Kathina bng y vai tri ny). Nu th y antaravsaka, phi paccuddhra x y ni c ca mnh, adhitthna y mi, ri c ra: ting cho tng nghe r rng: Imin antaravsakena kathinam attharmi (ti th Kathina bng y ni ny). Khi T-khu th Kathina theo cch thc y ri [1], vo gn Tng hoc gana hoc pugala, mc y vai tri cha mt bn, ngi chm hm chp 2 tay c cho cc v y (anumodan) rng: "Atthatam bhante [2] sanghassa kathinam dhammiko kathinatthro anumodna [3]".

(Bch cc i c, Kathina ca Tng ti th ri, s th Kathina y ng theo php, xin cc i c anumodna i). V phn T-khu anumodna, phi mc y vai tri cha mt bn, ngi chm hm chp hai tay c anumodan rng: Atthatam vuso [4] sanghassa kathinam dhammiko kathinatthro anumodna [5]. (Bch cc i c, Kathina ca Tng ngi th ri, s th Kathina y ng theo php, chng ti xin anumodna). [1] nu khng c T-khu anumodna th ri th xong. [2] nu T-khu th cao h hn T-khu anumodna th c vuso. [3] nu c nhiu v anumodna hoc c mt v cao h hn th v thp h c anumodhi, cn mt v anumodna thp h th c anumodhi. [4] Nu T-khu anumodna cao h hn T-khu th th c vuso, bng thp h hn th c bhante [5] Nhiu v th c anumodna, mt v th c anumodhi. Trong kinh Ch gii: Evam sabbesam atthatam hoti kathinam (nu mt v th c Kathina, cc v khc anumodna nh th gi l Kathina cc v.).

---o0o--GII V TH THC TH KATHINA KHNG C KT QU (Anatthatakathinakath)


Vn; T-khu th Kathina khng kt qu do 24 cch th no? p: T-khu th Kathina khng kt qu do 24 iu l: 1. ullikhitamattena; th Kathina bng vi cha lm thnh y, vi mi o. 2. dhovana mattena; th Kathina bng vi cha lm thnh y, vi mi gic 3. cvaravicrana mattena; th Kathina bng vi cha lm thnh y, vi mi sp sa theo cch ct. 4. chedana mattena: th Kathina bng vi cha lm thnh y, vi mi ct. 5. bandhana mattena: th Kathina bng vi cha lm thnh y, vi mi may lc. 6. ovattikakarana mattena: th Kathina bng vi cha lm thnh y, vi mi may ba. 7. Kandsakarana mattena: th Kathina bng vi cha lm thnh y, vi mi ri khung ng ct. 8. Dalhkammakarana mattena: th Kathina bng vi y thng ca mnh, ch

ly vi Kathina n may nhp vi nhau. 9. Anuvtakarana mattena: th Kathina bng vi y cha may ri, mi bin xui thi 10. Paribhandakarana mattena: th Kathina bng vi y cha may ri, mi bin ngang thi. 11. Ovatteyyakarana mattena: th Kathina bng y cha lm ri, mi iu. 12. Kambalamadda na mattena: th Kathina bng y nhum cn non mu (nn nhum nh mu cy mt). 13. Nimittakatena: th Kathina bng y pht sanh do T-khu ni cch ny, th n (ta th y ny c, tt). 14. Prikathkatena: th Kathina bng y pht sanh v T-khu bo th ch dng (c phc ln). 15. Kukku katena: th Kathina bng y mn ca ngi hoc t mnh, bng y ca mnh c sn. 16. Sannidhi katena: th Kathina bng y dnh qua ngy sau. 17. Nissaggiyena: th Kathina bng y ang lm qua ngy khc. 18. Akappakatena: th Kathina bng y cha lm du. 19- 21. Annatra sanghtiy, annatra uttarsangena, anntra antaravsakena: th Kathina ngoi y 2 lp, y vai tri, y ni. 22. Annatra pancakena v atirepancakena v tadaheva sanchinnena samandalkatena: th Kathina bng y khng ct iu may, hoc ct iu khng ng php. 23. Anntra puggalassa atthra: th Kathina nhiu v (2, 3, 4 v tr ln). 24. Nissmattho anumodati: T-khu em y ra ngoi vng sm m mnh nhp h. Nu cha y cha c bandhasm , ch ra tng tuyn ngn ri tr vo th Kathina trong cha m mnh nhp h cng c. Kathina m T-khu lm php th phm 1 trong 24 iu y khng thnh Kathina u.

---o0o--GII V CCH THC TH KATHINA C KT QU C (Atthatakathinakath)


Th 17 th vi sau ny c thnh Kathina: 1. Ahatena: Th Kathina bng y ngi cha mc. 2. Ahatakappena: Th Kathina bng y ngi mi gic 1, 2 ln song cn nh mi. 3. Polotikya: Th Kathina bng y lm bng vi c. 4. Pamsuklena: Th Kathina bng y lm bng vi lm hoc y m T-khu

hnh u tm c. 5. panikena: Th Kathina bng vi b ri gn ch m th ch lm em dng lm y. 6. Animittakatena: th Kathina bng y khng phi v n m m c, tri vi y th 13 trong antthatkra. 7. Aparikathkatena: tri vi y th 14 anatthatkra. 8. Akukkukatena: Tri vi y th 15 anatthatkra.(khngphi y nhum). 9. Asnannidhikatena; Tri vi y th 16 anatthatkra. 10. Anissaggiyena: tri vi y th 17 anatthatkra. 11. Kappaketena: Tri vi y th 18 anatthatkra. 12-14. Snghtiy uttarsangena antaravsakena: tri vi y th 19, 20, 21 (l lm l th 1 trong 3 y, khng th 3 hoc 2 y mt ln). 15. Pancakena v atirekapancakena v tadaheva sanchinnenasamandalkeena; tri vi y th 22 l y lm ng theo iu trong ni ngy. 16. Puggalassa atthr: tri vi y th 23 (l 1 T-khu lm l th). 17. Smattho anumodti: Trri vi y th 24 l T-khu trong sm lm l th hoan h theo (khng ngoi vng sm). Trong 17 th y ny, t th 1 n th 5 ch chn gia 12, 13, 14 l y khng nh, min dng theo 1 th no cng c, t th 6 n th 11, t 15 n 17 l y nht nh, phi iu theo php mi lm l th c.

---o0o--GII V NGUYN NHN KATHINA X (Ubbhatakathinakath).


c Pht c dy: Kathanca bhikkhave ubbhatam hoti kathinam attha mtik bhikkhave kathinassa ubbhrya. Ngha l: "Ny cc T-khu, 8 mtik ny l nguyn nhn lm cho Kathina x". Ting "mtik" ngha l m, hay l ngi sanh . Hi: - C sao v 8 mtik y m cho Kathina x? p: - 8 mtik y l: 1) Pakkamanantik: T-khu th kathina ri tnh rng: "Ta khng tr li cha na u", ri em y lm i ra, va ra khi vng sm, Kathina ca Tkhu y x, T-khu y ht c 5 qu bo. Nh th gi "Pakkamanantik" l hnh trnh Kathina x theo mtik th nht.

2) Nithnantik: T-khu th Kathina ri em y ca mnh (y th Kathina) (y lm cha xong) n cha khc, i ra va khi vng sm, tnh rng: Ta nh ngi dm lm y ny, trong cha ny, ta khng tr li cha ca u. T-khu y cy ngi lm y ngoi vng sm m mnh nhp h, ch lm y va xong, Kathina ca T-khu y x, nh th gi nitthnantik, l hnh trnh Kathina x theo mtik th nh. 3) Sannitthnantik: T-khu th Kathina ri, em y cha lm, n cha khc tnh rng: ta khng cy ngi lm y ny u, ta khng tr v cha c u. Ch tnh quyt nh nh th, th Kathina x, gi sannithanantik, l hnh trnh Kathina x theo mtik th ba. 4) Nsanatik: T-khu th Kathina ri, em y cha lm, n cha khc tnh rng: ta nh ngi lm y trong cha ny ta khng tr li cha c u, ng lm y, y b trm hoc cp ot mt Kathina ca T-khu y x, gi sannithanantik, l hnh trnh Kathina x theo mtik th t. 5) Savanantik: T-khu th Kathina ri, tnh rng: ta s tr li cha ny. Ri em y cha lm ra i. Khi n cha khc tnh rng ta cy ngi lm y trong ni ny. Khi lm xong,li nghe tin rng T-khu Tng trong cha c x Kathina ri. Ch nghe nh th, Kathina ca T-khu y x, nh th gi sannithanantik, Kathina x theo mtik th 5. 6) svacchedik: T-khu th Kathina ri ra i tnh tm ni khc. Khi i n ni khc, tnh rng: Ta tm kim y ngoi sm y, ta khng tr li cha c u. T-khu ch tm kim y trong ni y, khi kim khng c, s mong c y y dt, ch t s mong mi kim y, Kathina ca T-khu y x, nh th gi sannithanantik l hnh trnh Kathina x theo mtik th 6. 7) Smtikantik: T-khu th Kathina ri, tnh rng: ta s tr li cha ny. Ri em y cha lm ra i. Khi n cha khc, cho ngi lm gim, khi lm y xong, cng cn tnh rng: ta s tr li cha. nhng chng ch ngoi vng sm cho n ht hn k Kathina ca T-khu y, x nh th gi sannithanantik l hnh trnh Kathina x theo mtik th 7. 8) Sahubbhr: T-khu th Kathina ri, tnh rng: ta s tr li cha ny. Ri em y cha lm xong ra i. Khi nh ngi lm y y ri tnh rng: ta s v cha. Ri tr v kp, T-khu x Kathina trong cha. Kathina ca T-khu y x chung vi cc T-khu trong cha, x nh th gi Sahubbhr l hnh trnh Kathina x theo mtik th 8.

Trong phm Mahavagga c gii rng 8 mtik y, y ch xin gii tm tt by nhiu, nn v no mun bit cho rng, nn xem trong phn y.

---o0o--B BUC (Palibodha)


Theo Pht ngn trong phm Mahvaggac gii rng: Dve me bhikkhave kathinassa palibodh. Ngha l: Ny cc T-khu! C 2 iu y l Palibodh ca Kathina. Palibodh l iu buc Kathina khng cho x, c 2: 1) vsa palibodha: s bn trong cha (l ch th Kathina). 2) Cvara palibodha: s bn trong y ca-sa (l y ca-sa v qu bo ca Kathina). Gii: c Pht c dy trong phm Mahvagga rng: Idha bhikhave bhikkhu vasatitasmim vse vspekkho vpakkama ti paccessanti evam kho bhikhave vsa palibodho hoti. Ngha l: Ny cc T-khu, T-khu trong gio php ny, ng trong cha hoc i ra khi cha, nhng cn tic rng: Ta s tr li. Ny cc T-khu, nh th gi l s bn trong cha (vsa palibodha). V phn cvara palibodha, c Pht c ging trong phm Mhvagga rng: Idha bhikkhave bhikkhuno cvaram akatam v hoti vippankatam v cvars v anupacchinn, evam kho bhikkhave cvara palibodho hoti. Ngha l: Ny cc T-khu, y ca-sa ca T-khu trong gio php ny, cha lm hoc lm cha ri, hay l s mong trong [*] y cha dt. Ny cc T-khu! Nh th gi l cvara palibodha. [*] mong rng chc s c y trong ni khc. C 2 iu y thuc v Kathina khng cho x, min l cn mc trong 2 iu y, Kathina mi x.

---o0o--HNH TRNH KATHINA X (Ubbhra hay Uddhra)


Hnh trnh Kathina x c 2 (v th lc ca 8 mtik).

- Ubbhra - Antarubbhra (Nu chia ra na c n 9 l 8 mtik ubbhra v 1 antarubbhra). gii: Atthamtik ngha l hnh trnh Kathina x theo 8 mtik l: 1) Hnh trnh Kathina x, cho T-khu ra ngoi vng sm, ri lm cho Kathina x 1 lt trong khi y. 2) Hnh trnh Kathina x, l sahubbhra, cho T-khu ra ngoi vng sm, xong tr li kp Kathina x trong gia thi gian hn k, trong cha th kathina, ri c vo lm php x chung vi cc T Khu . Tm Hnh trnh Kathina x y gi l atthamatik ubbhra, v k vo trong 8 mtik. 3) Antarubbhra ngha l hnh trnh kathina x trong gia thi gian hn k, l hnh trnh kathina x do tng tuyn ngn 2 bn (dutiyakammavc) x kathina, khng k vo trong 8 mtik gi l amtarubhra, v l hnh trnh kathina x cho cc T Khu khng i ra ngoi vng sm ch ngi trong cha hi hp nhau lm, trong gia thi gian hn k (cha n thi k nh). Trong phm vinaylankratik c gii thm rng: Antarubbhra, sahubbhr, natthidutiyakammavcyena katpakkamanantikdayo satta kathinubbhr ngasena kammavc yakat. Ngha l: Trong antarubbhra v sahubbhra T Khu tng tuyn ngn 2 bn th kathina mi x, cn 7 kathinubbhra nht l pakkamnantik, T Khu khng cn tng tuyn ngn, ngha l nu c dp ng cho kathina x, kathina x t nhin khng cn phi tng tuyn ngn. Vn: - Hai hnh trnh kathina x l antarubbhra v sahubbhra khc nhau nh th no? p: - Trong phm Vinaylankratik c gii rng: antarubbhra cho cc T Khu (nhiu v) khng ra ngoi vng sm ch ngi trong cha t hi nhau lm php x. Cn sahubbhra cho mt v T Khu ra ngoi vng sm ri tr li kp antarubbhra y vo lm php x chung cng nhau vi cc T Khu ng trong sm y.

l iu khc nhau ca hai hnh trnh y. Vn: - Antarubbhra tung nh mt hnh trnh kathina x khc ngoi tm mtik; nu nh th, mtik l nguyn nhn cho kathina x cho n 9 chng? p: - Khng phi nh th, hnh trnh kathina x c mt thi, song gii ra lm hai gi l: 1) Sahubbhra: cho T Khu i ra ngoi vng Sm ri tr v. 2) Antarubbhra: cho nhiu v T Khu khng c ra ngoi vng Sm. Nn hiu rng khi Tng t hi tng x kathina trong gia thi gian hn k, nu c T Khu ra ngoi vng sm, tr v lm php x chung cng nhau, mt ln cng c gi l hai trong mt ln, bng khng c cng gi ch c mt ln thi. Cho nn c Pht ch ch ra c 8 mtik nh c gii. Vn: - T Khu Tng cn phi tng tuyn ngn x kathina trong thi gian gia hn k, v nguyn nhn chi? p: - T Khu Tng cn phi tng tuyn ngn x kathina trong gia thi gian hn k nh th v c cc th ch tha thch lm i l, h cu tng x cho, h dng cng y ngoi tri kathina, n Tng phng xa n hi hp nhiu [*]. Tch ny c Pht cho php T Khu ni v c mt ngi cn s nam bch cu xin. [*] c gii trong tng Lut, phm th 5, nu Tng khng tng x kathina, lc ca Tng pht sanh trong cha y v phn T-khu trong cha y thi, cc Tkhu khc khng c th kathina, hoc phng xa n khng c php lnh. tng tng x kathina th lc ca Tng phi chia n cc T-khu khc. c Th Tn c dy tng x kathina nh vy: phi cho T Khu thng hiu trnh cho Tng bit rng: Suntu me bhante sangho yadi sanghassa pattakallam sangho kathinam uddhareyya, esnatti. Suntu me bhante sangho kathinam uddharati yassyasmato khanatikathinassa uddh ro so tunhassa yassa nakkhamati so bhseyya ubbhatam sanghena kathinam khamati sanghassa tasm tunh evametam dhrymi.

Ngha l: Bch ha i c Tng c r, xin Tng nghe ti trnh (s ny) nu va thi n Tng ri, Tng nn x kathina y l li trnh. Bch ha i c Tng, xin Tng nghe ti trnh (nay) Tng x kathina. S x kathina va n Ngi no Ngi y phi nn thinh, khng va n Ngi no Ngi y phi ni ln. Kathina Tng x ri (s y) va n Tng ri, v nguyn nhn Tng lm thinh, ti ghi nh s y do trng thi Tng lm thinh nh th, l thng kathina x ch v la khi 5 qu bo, do dt c hai Palibodh. Cho nn dt c hai Palibodh phi bit rng x ri, khi y cng khng cn c 5 qu bo na. Nu cn c hai hoc mt trong hai Palibodh, th kathina cha x, T Khu y cn c hng 5 qu bo; nhng mun cho bit Palibodh no dt. Palibodh no khng dt, hoc Palibodh no dt trc, Palibodh no dt sau hoc dt mt lt cng nhau ch gii phn bit theo 8 mtik nh c gii trong phm parivra v phm taliyasamantapstik atthakatha rng: 1) Trong mtik th nht pakkamananantik, civara palibodha t trc, l t t khi cn ng ti cha, v y lm xong, khng cn bn vic lm na. Avsa palibodha t sau, l t mt lt vi 1 hnh trnh T-khu ra ngoi vng sm, Kathina x trong thi y. 2) Trong mtik th 2, nitthnantik vsa palibodha t trc l t trong khi T-khu nh rng khng tr li cha c na. Cvara palibodha t sau, l t khi lm y ri Kathina cng x trong thi k y. 3) trong mtik th 3 sannitthnantik, c 2 Palibodha t 1 lt cng nhau khng trc khng sau, l t khi T-khu quyt nh rng y cng khng nh ngi lm gim, cha c cng khng tr v, kathina cng x trong thi k y. 4) trong mtik th 4 nsanantik, vsa palibodha t trc l t khi Tkhu quyt nh rng khng tr li cha c na, cvara palibodha t sau l t trong khi y h mt, kathina cng x trong thi k y. 5) trong mtik th 5 savanantik, cvara palibodha t trc, l t trong khi lm y ri ssapalibodha t sau l t 1 lt va khi nghe tin rng Tng trong cha tng x Kathina ri, Kathina cng x trong thi k y.

6) trong mtik th 6 svacchekika, vsapalibodha t trc l t trong khi T-khu nh rng: khng tr li cha c na, cvara palibodha t sau, l t trong khi khng cn mong c y na,kathina cng x trong thi k y 7) trong mtik th 7 smatikkantik, cvara palibodha t trc, l t trong khi lm y xong ssapalibodha t sau l t trong khi ht hn k, Kathina cng x trong thi k y 8) trong mtik th 8 sahubbhra, c 2 Palibodha t 1 lt cng nhau khng trc khng sau,l t trong khi tng tng dt bn tuyn ngn, Kathina cng x trong thi k y Vn: - Hnh trnh Kathina x trong sm c my, ngoi sm c my, c khi trong sm c khi ngoi sm c my? p: - Hnh trnh Kathina x trong sm c 2 l: antarubbhra v sahubhra. Ngoi sm c 3 l: pakkamanantika, savanantika v smtikkantika. C khi trong sm, c khi ngoi sm, c 4 l: nitthinantika, sannitthnantika, nsanantika v svacchedika. Gii rng: antarubbhra v sahubhra Kathina x trong thi chung cng nhau, l x v nng lc tng t hi tng x trong vng sm th Kathina y, thuc v hnh trnh Kathina x trong vng pakkamanantika, savanantika v smtikkantika, Kathina x i vi 1 T-khu, i lm cho Kathina x, pha ngoi vng sm. Nitthinantika, samutthnantika, nsanantika v svacchedika, kathina x i vi 1 T-khu . Nhng nu T-khu y khi trc khng bn tm phn y m mnh phi c, ri i ra ngoi vng sm, ht tic rng: Thi tr li. M sau T-khu khc thc tnh p, cho i ot phn y li, ri tr v lm cho kathina cng x trong vng sm th Kathina. Vy ch v vic phn y m mnh phi c y, thuc v hnh trnh Kathina x trong vng sm. Nu T-khu em phn y m mnh phi c ra ngoi vng sm ri lm cho Kathina x trong ni y, ch 12 ln th thuc v hnh trnh Kathina x ngoi vng sm (mun r iu ny nn xem tng Lut, phm th 8, t trang 12 n 48).

---o0o--PAKINNAKAKATH
Vn: - Mla ca Kathina c my? Vatthu c my? Bhmi c my?

p: - Mla ca Kathina c 1 l: Tng t hi. Vatthu c 3 l: sanghti uttarsanga v antaravsaka. Bhmi c 6 l: y lm bng ch may, y lm bng bng, y lm bng t, y lm bng lng th, y lm bng v cy. Tht vy, Kathina th mla, vatthu, bhmi nh c gii, th mi kt qu c. Nu ch thiu 1 iu no, nh s T-khu t hn 5 v hoc th Kathina bng y khc ngoi 1 trong 3 y, hoc y y h lm bng vt no khc ngoi 6 th ch y, th Kathina khng c kt qu. Vn: - Php ch v phn u Kathina, php ch v phn gia, php ch v phn cui cng l th no? p: - Trong s phi th Kathina (kathinatthrakicca) chia ra lm 3 giai on: - on u phi lo lm pubbakarana (gic, v, nhum y) nu th ch h cha lm. - on gia phi x y c (paccuddhra) ca mnh ri (adhithna) y mi th Kathina y. - on cui cng phi th ra ting cho Tng hi c nghe r, ri lm sangha, gana, puggala, phi anumodan. c anumodan nh th gi l s phi th Kathina (kathinatthrakicca) c kt qu. Vn: - Ngi c my chi khng nn th Kathina, ngi c my chi nn th Kathina? p: - Ngi c 8 chi khng nn th Kathina: 1) Ngi khng bit pubbakarana (s phi lm trc khi th Kathina). 2) Khng bit paccuddhra (x y c). 3) Khng bit adhitthna (nguyn t tn y mi). 4) Khng bit atthra (s th Kathina). 5) Khng bit mtik (nguyn nhn x Kathina). 6) Khng bit Palibodha (s buc Kathina). 7) Khng bit uddhra (hnh trnh Kathina x theo 8 mtik). 8) Khng bit qu bo (nguynnhn khng phm ti). Ngi c 8 chi (tri vi 8 iu gii trn) mi nn th Kathina c l:. 1) bit pubbakarana. 2) bit paccuddhra.

3) bit adhitthna. 4) bit atthra. 5) bit mtik. 6) bit palibodha; 7) bit uddhra; 8) bit qu bo; T-khu th Kathina phi bit nh r rt 8 iu trn mi nn th Kathina. V T-khu bit nh cc php y c r rt, mi c th lm cho Kathinatthrakicca c kt qu l: 1) Phi pubbakarana nga s e y m th ch h cha lm xong (v khng bng hoc cha lm kp). 2) Phi bit paccuddhra x y c ca mnh ra 3) Phi bit adhitthna adhitthna y Kathina sp th. 4) Phi bit atthtra th Kathina cho ng theo php 5) Phi bit mtik, Palibodha, uddhra cho bit hnh trnh khi Kathina x 6) Phi bit qu bo, cho r th lc ca Kathina. Nu khng bit, khng nh cc php y cho r rt, khng nn th Kathina u, tr ra T-khu l v trng lo c tng h tr cho sp t th cho. Vn: - Pubbakarana (s phi lm trc) gii nh th no? p: - C 7 iu: 1) Dhovana (gic, v). 2) Vicrana (o). 3) Chedana (ct). 4) Bandhana (may, lc). 5) Sibbana (may xong). 6) Rajana (nhum). 7) Kappakarana (lm du y). Gii rng: c 7 iu y, nu cn st iu no, T-khu phi lm cho, ri trc khi th Kathina, khng nn th ri sau mi lm. - iu th nht: Nu vi Kathina y cn mi, dnh bt dt, hoc vi c d phi git. - iu th nh: phi lo o cho ng theo lut nh. - iu th ba: phi ct bng dao hoc bng ko cho t c iu ln, iu nh. - iu th t: Phi lc theo ng ct y.

- iu th nm: phi may theo ng ch lc. - iu th su: phi nhum bng nc nhum m c Pht chophp c mu va theo sc bc Sa-mn. - iu th by: phi lm du bng 1 trong 3 mu (mu xanh, sm tro, en sm) cho hoi sc y. Phi lm theo th t, t th nht n th nh, l khng nn lm sai, trc lm sau, sau lm trc,nhng nu h lm xong th cng tt, bng cn st iu no, phi lm cho ri mi c (hin thi ch cn st iu th 7, T-khu th cn phi lm cho by nhiu thi). Vn: - Paccuddhra, adhitthna gii nh th no? p: - Paccuddhra ni v 3 php l: sanghti, uttarsanaga v antaravsaka. Adhitthna cng ni v 3 php y. Nhng paccuddhra ni v sanghti, uttarsanaga v antaravsaka, v adhitthna c m mnh dng, cn adhitthna ni v sanghti, uttarsanaga v antaravsaka l y Kathina y. Nu mun th bng sanghti, phi paccuddhra x sanghti c, ri adhitthna sanghti mi. Th uttarsanaga hoc antaravsaka cng phi x uttarsanaga hoc antaravsaka c ra, ri adhitthna uttarsanaga hoc antaravsaka mi nh nhau. Vn: - Atthra (s th) ni v my php? p: - Atthra ch ni v 1 php l ni ra ting. Gii: T-khu th phi ni ra ting cho Tng hi nghe r rt mi kt qu Kathina, nu th thm th mt mnh ("thm th" l ni nh mt mnh nghe), Tng hi khng c nghe vi, th Kathina khng c kt qu. cn v cch thc phi th nh th no gii pha trn u ri. Vn: - S th Kathina ca my hng ngi khng c kt qu, my hng ngi c kt qu? p: - S th Kathina ca 3 hng ngi khng c kt qu l: - Ngi ngoi vng sm th aunumodan Kathina. - Ngi th aunumodan Kathina khng ni ra ting. - Ngi th ra ting khng cho k khc nghe hiu ngha l. S th Kathina ca 3 hng ngi sau ny mi c kt qu l:

- Ngi trong vng sm th aunumodan Kathina. - Ngi th aunumodan Kathina c ni ra ting. - Ngi ni ra ting cho ngi khc nghe ngha l c r rt. Vn: - S th Kathina my cch khng c kt qu, my cch c kt qu? p: - 3 cch th Kathina khng kt qu l: - Vatthuvipanna - Klavipanna - Karanavipanna Cch th Kathina c kt qu l: - Vatthusampanna - Klasampanna - Karanasampanna Gii: ting Vatthuvipanna ngha l vt si ni v y Kathina khng nn dng (akapiya) l y khng ng php. Klavipanna ngha l thi si, ni v thi l h dng y trong ngy nay, Tng giao cho T-khu ngi th trong ngy mai. Karanavipanna: ngha l lm si, ni v th ch h cha lm y xong, ri Tkhu khng ct lm cho ri trong ngy y. Ting Vatthusampanna ngha l vt phi ni v y Kathina lm ng theo php. Klasampanna ngha l thi phi ni v th ch h dng trong ngay no, Tng giao cho T-khu ngi th trong ngy y. Karanasampanna ngha l lm phi ni v th ch dng y lm ng theo php hoc h lm cha xong, Tng giao cho trong ngy no, T-khu ngi th c ct lm cho ng trong ngy khc khng qua ngy khc. Ni tm li T-khu th Kathina bng y khng nn dng (akappiya) nh y c bng, c mu si, th ch dng y n trong ngy nay, tng giao cho T-khu th n ngy mai, th nh th th Kathina khng c kt qu. Tr ra y lm bng vi, nn dng (kappiya) Tng cng giao cho T-khu th trong ngy y, th nh th Kathina mi c kt qu.

Vn: - Thng no nn th Kathina? p: - Thng nn th Kathina l 1 thng cui cng ca ma h. Gii: S th Kathina, c Th Tn ch cho php th c trong 1 thng cht ma h: k t 16 thng 9 n rm thng 10, trong khong 29 ngy y, ngy no cng th c c. Ngoi vng 29 ngy y, th Kathina khng kt qu, du c th cng chng kt qu chi. Vn: - s th Kathina si (atthravipatti) hay l th phi (atthrasampati), phi bit bng cch no? p: - s th Kathina si hoc th bit theo 24 th th, khng kt qu v 17 th thc th c kt qu nh c gii. Trch dch trong Kathina khandhaka th 7 ca phm Mahvagga, cng va ngha l ch c by nhiu. Khemam pappontu pnino. Cu cho tt c chng sanh u c vui. BHIKKHU VANSARAKKHITA T-KHU H TNG -ooOoo-

---o0o--GII V CCH THC CC TH Y CA-SA


1) Kusi: dch l ming vi di ngay ch anuvta di chung quanh l ngay ch khon di. 2) Addhakusi: dch l ming vi na phn kusi, tc l ming vi vn ngay ch khon vn. 3) Mandala: dch l ming vi ln ngay ch khon ln (nu y ng iu iu ln ny c 5 khon). 4) Addhamandala: dch l ming vi na phn ming vi ln, tc l ming vi nh (nu y ng iu, iu nh ny c 5 khon). 5) Vivatta: dch l ming vi m ra khi no trm thy r ngay cho pha trn lng, chi ny ngay khon ln chnh gia.

6) Anuvivatta: y l ming vi m tip theo (khi trm ch thy phn na) chi ny ngay ch 2 bn khon Anuvivatta. 7) Gveyyaka: dch l ming vi qun, (khi no trm th trm ngay c) chi ny ngay ch khon Vivatta v pha trn. 8) Jangheyyaka: dch l ming vi phi y trn xng ch vai, chi ny ch 2 khon anuvivatta v pha di. 9) Bahanta: dch l ming vi phi p bp tay, khi trm phi ngay pha trn bp tay, chi ny ngay ch addhamadala ni 2 khon pha cui cng. Tm li y c 9 chi nh th mi hip theo li ca c Pht ch nh. c 3 y (y 2 lp y vai tri, y ni) phi lm theo 9 chi y (tr ra thiu vi ct may khng ).

---o0o--PHP DNG Y KATHINA N TNG (SANGHA)


Vn: - th ch dng cng y Kathinadna nh th no mi gi l Tng th (sanghadna)? p: - y th Kathina l vt k vao trong sanghadna th dng theo Pali nh vy:

---o0o--CCH DNG TH NHT Imam dussam Kathina cvaram bhikkhu sanghassa dem Dutiyampi, ... Tatiyampi, ... (c 3 ln). Ngha: chng ti xin dng y ny lm l Kathina n T-khu tng (bhikkhusangha) ln th nh, ln th ba. V vt ph tng (parikkhra) dng theo thi quen nh vy: Yenamhkam Kathinam gahitv kathinni sannni tasseva Ngha: v T-khu no lnh Kathina ca chng ti, chng ti xin dng cc ph tng ny n v .

Trong ch gii (atthakath) c thuyt minh rng; nu th ch dng m c Yenamhkam ... Nh vy, th Tng khng c quyn lm ch cc vt parikkhra c. Cho nn nu cn mun dng vt no n Tng, phi dng bng cch khc, tm tt (khng ccn tn cc vt dng theo Pali) nh vy . Cch dng th nh Imam mayam [*] bhante vatthni bhikkhusanghassa niyydema [*] [*] Nu m ngi dng th c aham th mayam, niyydemi th niyydema ngha: bch cc ngi chng ti xin dng nhng vt ny n T-khu tng. Li na, cng c 1 cch dng Kathina chung vi vt ph tng 1 ln rt tin li theo Pali nh vy. CCH DNG TH BA Imam bhante saparivram kathina cvaradussam bhikkhusanghassa onojayma sdhu no bhante niyydema bhikkhusangho imam saparivram kathina cvaradussam patigganh tu patiggahetv ca imindussena kathinam attharatu amhkam dgharatta atthya hitya sukhya. Ngha: bch ch i c, chng ti xin nghing mnh dng y Kathina cng vi vt ph tng ny n T-khu tng. bch ch i c cu xin T-khu tng lnh y Kathina cng vi nhng vt ph tng ca chng ti y, khi nhn ri, xin th dng y ny, cho chng ti c s li ch, c s yn vui lu di. - Ht--- o0o ---

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