Chapter 1 1.

Learn how anthropology helps us better understand ourselves; is the study of humans in all times and places 2. Know the subfields of anthropology and understand their purpose and practice: -physical anthropology -archaeology - Studies human cultures through the recovery and analusis of material remains and environmental data. ; material culture: tools, pottery, burnt stone, enclosures, human plants, animal remains, ect; the details of how these traces were arrange and when they were found reflect specific human behavior and human ideas. -linguistic anthropology Study of human languages: description, history, language in relation to a social or cultural context, these approaches provide info about how ppl communicate and how they understand the world around them. -cultural anthropology also called socio-cultural anthropology. Study of habitual patterns in human behavior thought, and feelings; focuses on human as culture-producing and culturereproducing creatures; Culture: ideas, values, and perceptions which are used to make sense of our world. These are socially transmitted and socially learned. Two components: ethnography and ethnology. 3. Know some applied fields of anthropology and understand their purpose and practice: -forensic anthropology - practical applications; identification of human skeletal remains for legal purposes; i.d. of murder victims; investigations of human right abuses such as systematic genocide, terrorism and war crimes; skeletal anatomy is used to est. age, sex, stature, ect. -medical anthropology 4. Know and understand the approaches used in Anthropology -holistic perspective Various parts of culture must be viewed in the broadest possible context in order to understand relationships -culture bound theories theories about the world based on the assumption and values of ones own culture. -cross cultural comparisons we create explanations about human behavior and then, theories are created from world-wide comparisons Key terms: Anthropology

Archaeology Studies human cultures through the recovery and analusis of material remains and environmental data. ; material culture: tools, pottery, burnt stone, enclosures, human plants, animal remains, ect; the details of how these traces were arrange and when they were found reflect specific human behavior and human ideas. comparative approach Examination of biological mechanisms of adaptation and impact of environment; study of human capacity to adjust to a variety of environments (biologically and culturally). Some of these adaptations are built in the genetic makeup of populations ( i.e. Quecha Indians in the highlands of Peru).; Study of variation of visible traits (height, body build, skin color, ect) to understand human biological diversity. cultural anthropology - also called socio-cultural anthropology. Study of habitual patterns in human behavior thought, and feelings; focuses on human as culture-producing and culturereproducing creatures; Culture: ideas, values, and perceptions which are used to make sense of our world. These are socially transmitted and socially learned. Two components: ethnography and ethnology. culture-bound

forensic anthropology- practical applications; identification of human skeletal remains for legal purposes; i.d. of murder victims; investigations of human right abuses such as systematic genocide, terrorism and war crimes; skeletal anatomy is used to est. age, sex, stature, ect. Globalization holistic perspective linguistic anthropology - Study of human languages: description, history, language in relation to a social or cultural context, these approaches provide info about how ppl communicate and how they understand the world around them. physical anthropology. Or biological anthropology; study of humans as biological organisms concentrates on: Human evolution, primatology, growth and development, human adaptation, forensics Review questions 1. What is anthropology?

2. Define the holistic approach.

3. What is cultural anthropology? Is culture learned or inherited?

4. What is archaeology?

5. What is linguistic anthropology? Topics of interest?

6. What is physical and/or biological anthropology? Topics of interest?

7. What is paleoanthropology? Investigates the origins and ancestors of the

present human species; it focus on biological changes through time; as primates, we share a common ancestry with other primates (apes).;

Paleoanthropologists look back to the earliest primate (65 mya) or even to the earliest mammal (225 mya) to reconstruct human evolution. 8. What is primatology? Topics of interest? Study of anatomy and behavior of another rprimates; study of living and fossil primates (Asian and African apes); study of monkeys, lemurs. Lorises, and tarsiers; study of ape behavior in the wild and in captivity offers scientific perspective on the behavior of our ancestors ( tool use, communication systems, and social organization.) 9. What is forensic anthropology? practical applications; identification of human skeletal remains for legal purposes; i.d. of murder victims; investigations of human right abuses such as systematic genocide, terrorism and war crimes; skeletal anatomy is used to est. age, sex, stature, ect. 10. What is medical anthropology?

11. What are culture-bound theories?

12. What is applied anthropology? - Entails using anthropological knowledge and methods to solve pratical problems. (1. Physical Anthropology 2. Archaeology 3. Linguistic 4. Cultural Anthropology 13. What is molecular anthropology?

14. Why anthropologists engage in fieldwork? - This is how we obtain our data in order to recognize patterns and underlying relationships; archaeologists and paleoanthropologists excavate in the fiel. Cultural anthropologists and linguistics, and physical anthropologists ake observattions on human behavior, adaptation, growth, variation, development, ect; primatologists are able to observe primates in the field and in captivity. 15. What is cross-cultural research?

16. Explain the holistic approach? Why is it important for the understanding of
human culture?

17. What is globalization? Why do you think anthropologists are prepared to

grapple this modern issue? World wide interconnectedness (global movements of natural resources, human labor, finace capital, infom infectioious diseases, and trade goods).; globalization is about economicas, politics, natural environment, and culture; anthropologists have an advantage.

18. Ethnography Detailed description of particular culture based on fieldwork (on-locations research). Methods used are participant observation (social participation and personal observation), and interview 19. Ethnology cross-cultural research to develop anthropological theories that help explains differences or similarities among groups.