K THUT CHP NH P Bi dch ca PH.

TN ng trn eChip t s 16 n 24
Thc hin ebook: tovanhung www.thuvien-ebook.com 5 kinh nghim b cc nh 1. B cc tht n gin m hiu qu cao 2. Thp hn mt cht, cao hn mt cht 3. TN DNG CC KHUNG SN C 4. KHAI THC CHI TIT CH 5. KHNG GIAN RNG M 10 mo chp nh p 1. NHN NGANG TM MT 2. DNG NN NH PH HP 3. KHI CN PHI DNG N FLASH NGOI TRI 4. DI CHUYN LI GN 5. Khng b cc i tng gia nh 6. Kha tiu im 7. Bit r c ly ca n flash 8. Quan st nh sng 9. Chp nh ng 10. Hy th coi mnh l mt nh o din nh Mt s li khuyn khi dng pin sc cho my nh s 10 b quyt nhip nh s 1. LM M P NHNG SC MU 2. TO KNH PHN CC BNG CP KNH MT 3. NHNG TM NH CHN DUNG NGOI TRI RC R 4. CH MACRO 5. MUA TH NH DUNG LNG LN

6. KHC PHC CI NG CHN TRI NGHING NG 7. LUN CHP NH VI PHN GII CAO 8. TU CI CHN MY NH 9. T CHP NH MNH 10. LM CHO DNG NC TR NN SINH NG Chp m pho hoa Chp nh tr em kh tht y! Chp nh chn dung

5 kinh nghim b cc nh

1. B cc tht n gin m hiu qu cao

Cc sch dy chp nh u ni r l c mt s nguyn tc cho vic b cc mt bc nh. Vic tun th cc nguyn tc b cc nh l rt cn thit. Ngoi ra, thc t chp nh s cho ta thm nhiu kinh nghim b ch. Qu trnh lm phng vin nh cho mt t bo dy cho nh nhip nh Neil Turner rng cc b cc n gin li thng em li hiu qu tt nht v trong thc t c nhiu cch gi cho b cc nh c n gin. Neil Turner thch chp nh vi su nh nh. Mt ngi lun b li ko ti ch nm trong tiu im sc nt nht v ni bt ln khi ci nn nh (cc chi tit pha sau). iu ny lm ngi ta ng nhn l hu cnh khng ng gp g quan trng cho ton b bc nh. Nhng thc t phn hu cnh xa m li thng l mt phn tht s

quan trng ca bc nh. Tm nh chp mt cu b 4 tui ang chm chm mt quan st mt con c sn rt n gin nhng to c hiu qu l nh s kt hp gia ch v hu cnh mt cch y tnh ngh thut v tun th cc nguyn tc b cc nh c bn. Con c sn c chn lm tiu im, sc nt nht. Tc gi dng ng knh zoom vi k thut xa m hu cnh (c th: ng knh tele-zoom 70-200 f2.8 ly tiu c 180mm, m rng mn trp f2.8 v tc 1/4000th giy trn phim ISO 200 trong iu kin nng tt) lm cho khun mt cu b hi b m i. Bc nh to c hiu qu cao, k ngay cho ngi xem cu chuyn ca nh, c bit vi cp mt nhn rt chm ch ca cu b. Trong trng hp ny, nu ta dng chc nng Autofocus khin tt c cc chi tit trn nh u sc nt nh nhau hoc ly khun mt cu b lm tiu im, bc nh coi nh... hng! Chng c cht ngh thut no!

2. Thp hn mt cht, cao hn mt cht Chp nh d tht y. Bn ch vic ng thng ngi, gi my nh ln ngang tm mt v chp nhng g mnh mun ghi li. , bn chp nhy ht nhng... du khch. Mt trong nhng yu t c bn lm nn nhng bc nh p nht l khi ngi chp nh chn c im li th ph hp vi ch . Ni c th l ngi chp nh chn c cao ca ng knh. l l do c nhng bc nh tr nn p hn, bt mt hn, khc thng hn nh c chp ht t di ln hay chc t trn cao xung. Nh vy m ngi xem nh s rt th v khi nhn ch trn nh trng khc hn vi khi mnh nhn thy bnh thng.

Nh nhip nh Neil Turner t ho khoe rng hu ht nh phong cnh c mnh chp vi t th qu gi hay ng

trn mt chic gh, mt ci thang. Bc nh chp University City of Oxford c tc gi chp bng my nh Canon G1. Anh khai thc u th ca my ny l c mn hnh LCD c th m ra v xoay c khng phi nm di di t khi chp nh ht t di ln. ng knh t ch cch nhng vin cui tri ng chng 5cm ht ln lm cho bc nh trng sinh ng hn. C mt chi tit lm cho nh thm a nhn l khun mt ti ci ca ngi n ng trong nh khi thy ci th chp nh hi b khc thng ca nh nhip nh. Neil Turner ni rng c ti 90% s nh chp phong cnh s tr nn p hn nu nh ng knh c t thp hn hay cao hn tm mt ngi chp. C th l di 1,2 mt hay cao hn 2 mt.

3. TN DNG CC KHUNG SN C

gi c s ch ca ngi xem vo nhng chi tit bn trong cc cnh ca tm nh qu khng phi n gin. Chng ta phi dng mt lot cc k thut b cc gi nh mt ca ngi xem vo bc nh cho ti khi ngi hiu c nhng g chng ta mun ni qua bc nh . Theo kinh nghim ca gii nhip nh, mt trong cc cch n gin nht tp trung s ch vo mt bc nh l cho n mt ci khung. Xin lu , y khng phi l khung nh bnh thng m l cch bn kho lo khai thc chi tit, bi cnh ng khung cho nh. c th l mt khung ca s, khung ca, nhng hnh dng tru tng, nhng cnh cy, nhng vm l, nhng khi mu, nhng mng ti,... thm ch c nhng ci khuu tay, khuu chn. Tt c ty theo con mt ngh thut, s tinh mt v kho lo, cng nh tr tng tng ca bn. Cng may l chng ta ang trong thi nhip nh s. Bn mc sc m th nghim mt cch rt r hay chng tn xu no. C vic chp thoi mi, ci no sau ny thy khng ng th hoc sa cha hoc xa b n.

4. KHAI THC CHI TIT CH

Nu l mt phng vin nh bo ch, bn s thy gi tr ca con mt chi tit. Hy th hnh dung bn cng chp mt s kin no vi nhiu ng nghip t nhng t bo khc. S khc bit v mang du n ring ca bn s tr nn mt yu cu sng cn nu bn khng mun xy ra tnh trng tm nh xut hin trn cc bo u na n nhau, cho d do phng vin ca tng t chp ring r. Tm nh chp mt ca mt con voi ny l mt v d kinh in cho vic bt c ci thn ca i tng chp c mt ci g khc hn nhng ngi khc. Tc gi thut li rng: hm y nhm 6 phng vin nh cng i chp mt con voi n nh tui ang tr ti v tranh. Tt c u c chp mt bc nh theo ng khun mu l c con voi, 3 a tr, mt s sn mu v mt gi v. Tt c u s

dng my nh c ng knh 17-35. Ring tc gi th thm mt chic my nh th hai gn ng knh tele zoom 70-200. thc c rng mnh s bt li v sc cnh tranh do 5 bo kia xut bn ngay sng hm sau, trong khi bo ca tc gi phi 2 ngy sau mi pht hnh, tc gi dng chic my nh th hai ny zoom li, ch c t con mt tht chi tit ca ch voi. Kt qu l tuy in sau, nhng tm nh ny li thnh cng hn hn, c in thnh nh bu thip v c nhiu ngi gi qua e-mail tng bn b, ngi thn.

5. KHNG GIAN RNG M

Ngi ta thng thch cc kiu b cc cht ch. Nhng trong thc t, mt s ch li cn c khng gian rng ln mi th hin c ht bn cht ca mnh. Mt khu vc rng tin cnh hay hu cnh cng c th to ra s nhn mnh cho hnh nh. t mt i tng nh trong mt khng gian ln c th gip bn k c cu chuyn mnh tm c. Chng hn, nu bn t mt ngi ni gc di nh c th din t c s c n hay d b tn thng. Cn nu t mt gc trn s c ng ngc li. Trong tm nh chp a b ang chy chi trn thm c vi v tr i tng nm gc trn v c c mt khong sn rng pha sau lng cho thy cu b ang tht s vui th vi s t do ca mnh. Ngi chp ng t trn cao (khong 7m) chc ng knh xung cch ly bi c khi hu cnh ri rm. Tht ra, y l mt b cc hi b khc thng v gy c hiu qu. Bi thng thng vic t i tng ch v tr gn nh sp thot ra khi khung nh l mt tng t. Nu khng gian chung quanh a tr y nhng

chi tit th nh hng ca b cc ny s b mt i. Ngoi ra, tm nh ny l mt v d na cho kinh nghim chp nh l nhng tm nh n gin thng em li hiu qu nhiu hn. PH.TN. (Theo ti liu ca Neil Turner)

10 mo chp nh p

1. NHN NGANG TM MT Mt nh mt nhn thng c th to thm sc li cun cho mt bc nh nh th n trong i thc. Khi chp nh mt ai , bn hy gi my nh ngang tm mt ca ngi c th lt t c ht sc mnh ca nhng ci nhn y sc m hoc v nhng n ci nh thi min ngi khc. Nu chp tr em, bn phi chu kh khom ngi xung cho ngang tm a b. Khng nht thit i tng lc no cng nhn chm chm vo ng knh. Ch cn mt bn ngang tm vi mt ca i tng l hnh thnh ci cm xc gn gi v li cun m bn m x ba vo trong nh ri.

2. DNG NN NH PH HP Mt ci nn (hu cnh) n gin m cht ch s lm bt i tng m bn chp. Khi nhn qua l ngm ca my nh, bn phi nghin cu khu vc chung quanh i tng. Hy bo m khng c bt c mt cy ct no nh ln t u i tng v khng c chic xe no trng nh th ang eo tng teng di i tai ngi mu. Ngha l khng nhng chi tit ca hu cnh lm ngi mu tr nn... d nhn.

3. KHI CN PHI DNG N FLASH NGOI TRI nh nng mt tri chi chang c th to ra nhng bng khng hp dn cht no trn mt ca i tng. Hy kh cc bng phn cm bng cch dng n flash lm sng khun mt i tng. Khi chp nh ngi ngoi tri nng, hy nh bt n flash ln. Ty loi my nh, bn c th la chn gia hai ch fill-flash (nh sng nhi) v full-power (chiu sng y ). Di tri nng gt, nu i tng trong vng 1,5 mt, hy chn ch fill-flash mode; cn nu xa hn th chn full-power mode. Nn dng mn hnh display c th xem kt qu th no m quyt nh c chp li hay khng. Di tri nhiu my, bn cng hy dng ch fillflash. nh n flash s lm sng khun mt i tng. Tuy nhin, nu c kinh nghim, bn cng c th chp nh khng cn flash v nh sng du khi c khai thc ng n cng c th to ra nhng hiu qu tuyt vi.

4. DI CHUYN LI GN Nu i tng nh hn mt chic xe hi, bn nn tin li gn hn 1 hay 2 bc trc khi zoom v chp nh. Mc ch ca bn l c th lp y khu vc nh bng chnh i tng ca mnh. Cng gn, bn cng c th chp c nhiu chi tit ca i tng, nh nhng vt tn nhang, hay cp lng mi cong vt m hn. Nhng ch nn tin n qu gn i tng, tm nh se b m. Khong cch tiu c (t ng knh n i tng) ti thiu ca hu ht my nh l khong 90cm, hoc cch mt bc chn. Hy c hng dn km theo my nh bit c ly ny ca n.

5. Khng b cc i tng gia nh Chnh gia sn khu l ch l tng nht cho ngi ngh s trnh din. Nhng, chnh gia nh li khng phi l ni tt nht cho i tng ca bn u nh. cho tm nh c bt mt hn, tht hn, bn ch vic di chuyn i tng ra khi khu vc chnh gia nh. Hy tng tng trong knh ngm hay mn hnh LCD ca my nh c cc ng k dc v ngang chia ra lm ba phn bng nhau. By gi, bn ch vic t i tng quan trng nht ln mt giao im ca nhng ng k tng tng (gi l im mnh). Bn nh kha chc nng auto-focus (t ng ly nt) ca my nh li v n thng ly nt chnh gia nh.

6. Kha tiu im Nu i tng chp khng nm gia nh, bn cn phi kha chc nng t ng ly tiu im (auto-focus) bo m c c tm nh r nt. Hu ht cc my nh khi ch auto-focus ch ly nt trn nhng g ngay chnh gia nh. Nhng c c b cc p v cht ch, ngi ta thng di chuyn i tng ra khi trung tm nh. V th, nu khng mun nh b nhe, trc tin bn phi kha tiu im vi i tng gia nh v sau b cc li nh i tng khng cn nm gia nh. Thng th bn c th kha tiu im bng 3 bc: 1. Cha ng knh vo ngay i tng v nhn gi nt chp nh xung gia chng. 2. Thay i v tr ca my nh trong khi vn nhn gi na chng nt chp i tng khng cn nm ngay trung tm nh. 3. Khi i tng nm v tr ng trong b cc nh, bn nhn tip nt chp xung ht tht s chp nh.

7. Bit r c ly ca n flash Sai lm s 1 trong vic dng n flash la chp nh vt qu tm ph sng ca n flash. Hu qu l nh chp ra s rt ti. i vi nhiu my nh, tm ph sng ti a ca n flash di 4,5 mt, khong 5 bc chn. Tt nht l bn nn tham kho sch dn km theo my nh ca mnh. Nu khng th bit c c ly ca n flash, tt nht l bn ch nn dng n flash chp cc i tng cch mnh khng qu 3 mt. Bn lu l vi cc my nh s thi trang siu mng, siu nh, n flash nh xu xiu th tm ph sng ca n cng khng xa u.

8. Quan st nh sng Bn cnh i tng, phn quan trng nht ca mi bc nh l nh sng. N nh hng ti din mo ca mi th m bn chp. Th d, khi bn chp nh mt b c, nh nng rc r chiu xin bn cnh c th lm ni bt cc np nhn; trong khi nh sng du ca mt ngy nhiu my li gip gim nh cc np nhn . Nu khng thch nh sng ang chiu trn i tng, bn ch vic chuyn v tr ca mnh hay i tng. Vi nh phong cnh, bn nn chp nh vo lc sng sm hay khi hong hn c c nh nng ng mu vng cam v nhng tia sng tri trn mt t.

9. Chp nh ng Hu ht mi th u trng tt hn khi trong mt bc nh theo chiu ng. T mt ngn hi ng ng cnh mt vch nh ra bin ti mt ngn thp hay ta nh cao tng, thm ch ti mt c b ang a gin trong mt vng nc. c th nh gi r hn hiu qu ca nh ng, bn c th chp i tng 2 kiu nh: mt ng, mt ngang.

10. Hy th coi mnh l mt nh o din nh Khi chp nh, bn khng nn th ng. Hy linh hot, xng xo, iu khin, sp xp i tng ca mnh nh th mt nh o din hnh nh. Nh vy, s c mt tm nh ng bn v ng nhng ai c chp. No bn th xem mt nh o din nh lm vic nh. Anh ta quyt nh v tr: No, mi ngi hy ra bn ngoi ti pha sn sau i. Anh ta yu cu thm: Cc c gi i, hy mang nhng cp knh mt mu hng ca mnh ln no. Ri anh ta sp xp mi ngi: By gi th tin li gn y mt cht, v khom ngi v pha my nh nh. Cui cng, anh ta h: OK, mt hai ba chp ny.

PH.TN.(Theo Kodak)

Mt s li khuyn khi dng pin sc cho my nh s

My nh s ngy nay xi l kh loi pin. C nhng kiu my dng pin sc ring (m l h cc pin th c khi kim con mt mi c ci thay th). C nhng kiu dng pin Alkaline AA hay AAA thng thng. Nhng tin li nht l nhng kiu h tr pin AA hay AAA loi sc, ph bin l dng NiMH

BN LOI PIN NIMH (T TRI QUA): AAA, AA, C V D

Theo cc nh chuyn mn, ti u nht l bn nn xi pin sc cho my nh s. Pin sc NiMH c thi gian xi lu hn pin Alkaline AA. N li kinh t hn, v pin NiMH c th sc i sc li nhiu ln (khong 500 ln) v xi c trong nhiu nm. Ch c iu bn phi chp nhn mt khon u t ban u hi b nng ti mua 2-4 cc pin v b sc, gi vn t hn nhiu ln pin Alkaline AA.

Khng phi my nh no xi pin Alkaline AA cng h tr pin sc u. Bn nn tham kho trong cun sch dn km theo my xem n c h tr loi pin NiMH khng? Khi xi pin sc NiMH, bn phi ch ti thng s mAh ca pin. Vit tt t Milliamper Hour (miliampe gi), mAh l thut ng k thut ch dung lng in nng m pin c th lu cha. V mt l thuyt, s mAh cng cao, pin xi cng c lu mi phi sc li. Bn khng c xi ln ln cc loi pin sc trong my nh s ca mnh. Khng c gn cc cc pin khc loi, khc nhn hiu, khc mAh vo vi nhau Trong trng hp lp ln ln mAh, cc pin c mAh thp hn s mau cn hn nhng cc khc c mAh cao hn, khin cc cc pin cn li phi vt kit sc b p nhu cu ca my nh s dn ti pin mau chai, hoc xy ra tnh trng my nh s khng chu hot ng na cho ti khi bn thay tt c cc cc pin. Vic gn vo my nh s nhng cc pin nhiu nhn hiu khc nhau (nh 2 cc Energizer, 2 cc Duracell) c th lm hng pin hay chnh my nh. Bn cng ch khng bao gi c sc cc cc pin khng tng thch (khc nhn, khc mAh, khc loi,...) cng vi nhau trong b sc. Ch nn dng b sc sc pin khng th c kh nng sc. Cng nh khng c dng b sc pin NiMH sc pin NiCad, hay ngc li. Ngoi ra, nu bn mua loi pin NiMH sc nhanh (fast-charging), bn ch c gn chng vo b sc c lm ring cho loi pin ny. Nu bn lm khc i, pin hoc b sc s b h. Trong trng hp nghim trng hn, pin c th n tung hay pht chy. Nu t khi phi xi ti my nh, bn c th ngh rng sau khi xi xong my nh, bn sc li pin, em ct i, vi

thng sau ly ra s dng th pin vn cn y. Khng phi u, bn i. Pin sc s b hao mn nng lng i mi ngy. Theo thng s k thut, pin NiMH c th t hao mt mt na nng lng trong vng 2 thng, cho d khng xi ti. V th, nu lu mi xi, bo m nht l bn phi xc li pin trc khi chp nh. c th ko di tui th ca pin my nh s, bn c th lm theo nhng kinh nghim sau: 1. Tt my nh khi khng dng ti. N s gip bn tit kim c nng lng ca pin. 2. Nhiu my nh s c trang b c l ngm (viewfinder) bnh thng ln mn hnh LCD. Nhng xin lu , vic s dng mn hnh LCD s lm hao tn nng lng pin rt d. V th, nu khng nht thit phi xi ti mn hnh LCD, bn nn tt n i v s dng l ngm thng thng chp nh. 3. Hy b thi quen dng li sau mi khi bm my m mn hnh LCD xem nh mnh va chp. Hao pin lm . 4. Nu vn ang tip tc chp nh, hn ch ti mc thp nht vic dng mn hnh LCD m xem li (hay khoe vi bn b) cc nh chp. Khi khng c nhu cu s dng my nh trong mt thi gian di, nh mt vi thng, bn cn tho ht pin ra khi my nh. iu ny s gip trnh tnh trng pin b r r hay b n mn, c th lm tn hi n cc b phn bn trong my nh. Bn cng tuyt i khng c pin b m t. Hy trnh thay pin ngoi bi bin, gia tri ma,... v nhng ht nc li ti c th bm vo pin v gy ra hin tng n mn pin.

PH.TN. (Theo malektips).

10 b quyt nhip nh s
Chc bn tng nhiu ln nghe ni: My nh s c th lm tt tn tt mi vic. Bn ch vic nhn nt chp l khc c nhng tm nh trn c tuyt vi. My nh cng xn, nh chp cng p. Ch c c tin vo iu , bn nh. Khng phi chic my nh lm nn nhng tm nh p, m chnh l ngi chp nh. V th, nhng b quyt sau y s gip ch rt nhiu cho bn, ngi s dng my nh s.

1. LM M P NHNG SC MU C khi no bn rng mnh thnh thong chp ra nhng tm nh c cm gic lnh lo, nht nht? Tht ra, nhiu ngi b nh th. Thit t cn bng mu trng (white balance, WB) mc nh cho cc my nh s l t ng. iu ny l tt cho hu ht nhng tm nh chp. Nhng n li d lm cho tm nh c sc thi lnh lo, mt sc sng (thng l do cc mu khc b ha nhiu mu trng qu). V th, khi chp nh chn dung ngoi tri hay chp nh phong cnh di tri nng, bn hy th thay i thit t WB t t ng (auto) sang c my (cloudy). ng y, hy chn ch chp khi c my, bt lun thc t bn ang di mt bu tri y nng. Ti sao ? Vic iu chnh ny s nh th t mt chic knh lc m du trn my nh ca bn. N tng mu v vng, gip tm nh tr nn m p, giu sc sng hn.

NH 1A C CHP NGOI TRI TRONG MI TRNG VNG NI VI CHC NNG WB C T CH MC NH AUTO.

 NH 1B, MU RC LN, SC THI NH M P HN NH NGI CHP CHNH WB SANG CH CLOUDY, RI DNG THM CHIC KNH MT CHE TRC NG KNH. (HAI NH NY C CHP BNG MY CANON POWERSHOT S200, PROGRAM MODE).

2. TO KNH PHN CC BNG CP KNH MT Nu mun to thm sc mnh m cho tm nh ca mnh, bn th dng mt knh lc phn cc (polarizer). Tt nhin bn ch c th lm c vi loi my nh c ng knh ri. Knh phn cc l loi knh lc ma mi nh nhip nh u phi c trong tay chp phong cnh v cc bc nh ngoi tri ni chung. Nh gim c nh sng chi le v nhng nh sng phn chiu khng mi m ti. cc tm nh c chp vi knh phn cc s ti thm hn, cc mu sc s m hn, c bit l bu tri. Hic. Bn s xut xoa v chic my nh s ca mnh khng phi loi chuyn nghip, lm sao gn c knh lc phn cc. Hy khoan tht vng. Bn th p dng ci mo ny i. Dng ngay cp knh mt (nhng phi l loi knh c cht lng tt ) lm knh lc phn cc. Cch lm d lm. trng knh ngay trc ng knh my nh, cng gn bao nhiu, cng tt by nhiu. Sau , dng mn hnh LCD ca my nh s kim tra chc chn l trng knh trm kn ht ng knh bo m nh chp ra khng b vng my ci cnh ca trng knh. t hiu ng tt nht, bn phi di chuyn v tr ca mnh sao cho mt tri ngay trn vai tri hay phi ca bn. Bi v hiu ng phn cc mnh nht khi ngun sng chch mt gc 90 vi i tng chp.

NH 2A C CHP BNH THNG KHNG C BT C KNH LC NO.

NH 2B C CHP VI TRNG KNH MT T TRC NG KNH MY NH THAY TH CHO KNH LC PHN CC. HY CH NH. TRN NH NY, CC MU SC C TNG CNG V CC SC THI BU TRI SU HN. (HAI NH NY C CHP BNG MY CANON POWERSHOT S200, PROGRAM MODE).

3. NHNG TM NH CHN DUNG NGOI TRI RC R Mt trong cc chc nng n giu l th nht ca my nh s l n flash ch chiu ph y (fill flash mode) hay cn gi l ch bt flash (flash on mode). Bng vic iu khin n flash n ch sng khi no bn mun, thm ch khng bt sng ngay c khi my nh ngh l cn phi bt flash, bn c th chp c nhng tm nh chn dung ngoi tri tht tuyt vi. ch flash on, my nh s cho chiu sng chp trc tin l ci hu cnh (background), ri mi thm mt cht nh sng va lm sng ch chn dung ca bn. Kt qu l bn c mt tm nh trng rt chuyn nghip vi mi th trong b cc trng rt tt. Cc nh nhip nh vn khoi dng ch flash on ny khi chp nh m ci. Sau khi bit c cch s dng n flash chp nh ngoi tri, bn hy th chp vi kiu khc nhau bng cch di chuyn v tr i tng mt tri chiu ln tc i tng t bn cnh hay pha sau, thng to ra nh sng ven. Mt k thut tt khc l t ngi mu trong bng rm, nh di mt ci cy, ri dng n flash chiu sng i tng. Cch chp ny gip i tng thoi mi v bnh tnh khng b nheo mt, nhu my do nh mt tri chi chang. Kt qu l thng cho ra nhng tm nh chn dung trng rt th gin. Nhng, hy nh, hu ht n flash build-in sn trn my nh ch c tm ph sng t 3 mt li. V th, bn phi bo m mnh khng ng qu xa i tng khi dng ch fill flash ngoi tri.

BNG CCH T CC I TNG TRONG BNG RM M RNG DI MT CI CY V BT CH FILL FLASH, C HAI CU B TRONG NH LN HU CNH U C CHIU SNG THCH NG. (NH CHP BNG MY CANON POWERSHOT G2, 1/250TH, F-4, FLASH ON).

4. CH MACRO Hy nh li thi th u, bn ang khm ph c mt th gii mi bn di i chn ca mnh trong khi ang chi a trn thm c. Khi ci tht st mt t, bn c th nhn thy mt cng ng nhng sinh vt nh xu m bn khng h bit ti. By gi, ln ri, vi chic my nh s trn tay, bn c th khm ph th gii chung quanh mnh mt cch chi tit hn bng cch s dng ch chp gn macro mode. Bn s c c nhng tm nh tht n tng. Tht vy, ngay c nhng vt tng chng nh n gin nht cng c th th hin c s quyn r mi di ch macro. Tt nhin, bn phi c cht kinh nghim, khng phi bt c ci g cng c th s dng ch chp gn ny u nh. Rt n gin, bn tm biu tng ca ch chp gn hay macro trn b phm iu khin my nh. Thng l c biu tng mt bng hoa. Bt ch ny ln ( ON mode). a ng knh ti st i tng khong cch m my nh ca bn cho php (hy c trong sch hng dn km theo my). Sau , nhn nt chp xung na chng, dng li mt cht cho my nh ly tiu im (focus). Khi nh n hay c du hiu bo sn sng, bn nhn ht nt chp ghi li hnh nh . Bn ch nghen, khi dng ch macro, su hnh nh rt nng. V vy, bn phi ly tiu im phn ch m mnh coi l quan trng nht v cho cc phn cn li ca hnh nh hi m i.

THIN NHIN TRNG KHC HN, V I KHI HP DN HN KHI C CHP VI C LY RT GN BNG CH MACRO. (NH CHP BNG MY CANON POWERSHOT G2, PROGRAMMED EXPOSURE, SPOT METER, CLOSE UP MODE, FLASH OFF).

5. MUA TH NH DUNG LNG LN Khi bn tnh ton ci hu bao mua my nh s, hy d tr mt khon mua thm th nh b sung nh. Bi l, my nh cng xn, v nhu cu chp nh ca bn cng ln, th dung lng th nh cng cn nhiu hn, nht l khi bn thng hay thc hin nhng chuyn sn nh xa. Th nh i vi my nh s cng ging nh phim ca my nh chp phim vy . Kinh nghim cho thy, nu bn c my nh s 3 megapixel, hy mua th nh t nht l 256MB. Cn my 4 hay 5 megapixel l 512MB, v 6 megapixel tr ln l 1GB. Bi l, phn gii cng cao c ngha l kch thc nh chp c cng ln. Thm mt kinh nghim xng mu na l nn c t nht 2 th nh phng nga th c th b h na chng. Th d, thay v mua 1 th 1GB th tu 2 th 512MB.

6. KHC PHC CI NG CHN TRI NGHING NG V mt l do b n no , hu ht ngi ta kh m gi my nh c ngay ngn khi s dng mn hnh LCD ngm. Hu qu l cnh mt tri ln c th b hch ln, phong cnh mt cn xng, v nhng ta thp b nghing i. Mt phn nguyn nhn l cc thit b quang hc ca my nh b lm cho mo m i khi dng li nhng cnh rng ln trn mn hnh 2-inch nh xu xiu. Nhng thn cy c th ng thng khi bn nhn thy bng mt thng, nhng dng nh b cong vo trong trn mn hnh my nh. l l do m nhng ngi chp nh d b mt phng hng khi ngm v chp bng mn hnh LCD. Tuy khng c gii php no c th gii quyt tt c cc vn thuc v ng nm ngang khi chp nh, nhng bn c th ci thin c tnh hnh bng mo sau y. Trc tt c, bn hy thc rng vic chp nh cn i l rt quan trng. Nu thy kh m chnh cho va khung ngm cnh m mnh thch, bn c chp mt bc m mnh ng hn c. Sau , di chuyn v tr ng chp thm mt tm na. Cng c th tip tc i v tr bm my ln na. Sau ny, bn c th xem nhng tm nh ny trn my tnh vi mn hnh ln hn rt nhiu c th chn ra cho mnh tm nh p nht. Do l nh s m, cc tm nh khng t c th c bn xa i d dng. u c phi s tn... phim! Nu bn chu kh thc hnh vic ng khung chnh xc cc tm nh ca mnh, dn dn bn s tr nn quen tay, v t l nh c ng ngang chnh xc s tng ln cho m coi.

BN LM CCH NO SP XP MT HNH

NH TRN MN HNH LCD SAU NY KHI XEM LI TRN MN HNH MY TNH S THY N RT THNG BNG? MO NY NH: HY TM CC NG NGANG T NHIN V DNG CHNG LM CHUN. I KHI BN C TH DNG CI NG CHN TRI NI BU TRI TIP GIP VI BIN. C LC BN C TH DNG MT DI T LM IM CN BNG. TRONG NH NY, NGI CHP DNG NG VEN B MT CI H CHN NI GIP CN BNG TM NH PHONG CNH CA MNH. (NH CHP BNG MY CANON POWERSHOT G2, KHU F-8, KNH LC PHN CC).

7. LUN CHP NH VI PHN GII CAO Mt trong cc l do m cc chuyn gia khuyn bn tu th nh c dung lng ln cho my nh s l gip bn c th chp nh vi phn gii cao nht m my nh h tr. Cng hp tnh, hp l thi m. Nu nh bn chu vt hu bao mua mt ci my nh s 5-6 megapixel nhm chp nh c cht lng cao th h c g li khng chp nhng tm nh xng ng vi ng tin bt go b ra ch. Nhiu ngi lp lun rng do ch cn phng nh chun 10x15 v tit kim dung lng th nh, h thit t my nh chp nh vi phn gii thp thi, th d nh c 640x480. Th l, sau ny, khi cn phi phng nhng tm nh ra kch thc ln hn, h nh b tay. iu ny c bit quan trng vi cc nh k nim v nh t liu, nht l vi nh c tnh ngh thut. Vi nhng tm nh c chp phn gii 2272 x 1704 (4 megapixel) tr ln, bn khng nhng hon ton c th in ra nhng tm nh kh nh vi cht lng rt cao, m cn c th in kh ln lng king treo tng hay thm ch lm ba tp ch na . Ngoi ra, vi nhng tm nh phn gii cao, khi bin tp, bn c th ct cp thoi mi b cc li m vn bo m cht lng in ra theo kch thc mong mun. Ni tm li, nu b nh ln (256MB tr ln), bn nn thit t my nh chp phn gii cao nht. Cho hm nay v cho tng lai m!

BN HY QUAN ST XEM S SC NT CA HAI TM NH NY KHC NHAU RA SAO? NH TRI C CHP VI PHN GII 600X500; CN NH PHI L 1280X1024.

8. TU CI CHN MY NH

Nhiu ngi khi nhn thy ai chp nh c ci chn my ng hong l ngh ngay tay l mt nh nhip nh tht s. Tt nhin, ch c ci chn my ba cng (tripod) thi th khng th gip bn tr thnh mt nh nhip nh chnh hiu u. Nhng r rng, i vi mt s trng hp chp nh, ci chn my t ra rt hu dng. Khi bn chp nh ch t chp hay chp ni thiu nh sng, nht l chp nh m, hoc chp cnh di ng nhanh, chic chn my nh rt l li hi nghen. C chn my nh lm b , bn s bo m khng cho

ra l nhng tm nh b rung, nhe tht kh chu. Ch c iu l ci chn my nh kh l vng vu, buc bn phi mt cng mang vc theo mnh. Bn c th khc phc phn no s kh chu ny vi loi chn my tht nh v c th gp gn, nhng vn phi bo m chc chn cn thit.

9. T CHP NH MNH Mt khi tu thm c mt ci chn my nh, bn c th khm ph mt chc nng l th ca my nh s l t chp nh mnh (self timer). y la chc nng nh hon vic m mn trp (sau khi nu chp nh c nhn) trong thi gian ti 10 giy. Ngha l thi gian cho bn chy ti v tr m mnh mun chp. Tuy nhin, bn cn ch b cc v canh cho ky Dng mt s im no lm chun khung hnh ko khi chp ra, bn s b mt u, mt chn,... Bn cng chnh tiu c sao cho v tr ca mnh c sc nt. Khi t chp nh chung vi ai, nht l vi mt nhm ngi, bn cn ly tiu c vo mt ngi no ch ng ly nt ci hu cnh nh.

10. LM CHO DNG NC TR NN SINH NG Tht l chn ngt khi dng chy ca nc trong nhng tm nh chp thc, sui, vi nc,... b bt dnh cht d mt ch. V th, cho tm nh chp nc trng tht sinh ng, p nh mt bc tranh sn du, bn phi lm chm li tc chy ca dng nc khi ghi vo ng knh my nh. K thut y l gi cho mn trp m lu 1 hoc 2 giy. Nh vy, nhng chi ti ng, y l dng nc, s tr nn mm i, nha i trong khi cc chi tit tnh khc vn rt sc nt. Ch tic mt iu l hiu ng ny ch c th p dng vi cc my nh s c th chnh c tc m mn trp cho chm li. Nu my c chc nng iu chnh khu , bn t n f-8, f-11 hay f-16 (nu co th c). Vic ng nh khu ny s gip tng chiu su ca nh v lm mn trp phi m chm li. Thm mt mo na l bn c th t trng knh ma ca mnh ngay trc ng knh lm cho cnh sm mu hn v qu trnh m mn trp ko di hn. Th nhng, iu ti quan trng l bn phi dng chn my nh khi thc hin hiu ng ny. Bi v khi chp vi tc chm, my nh phi c bo m tht chc chn.

VI VIC T MY NH LN CHN MY V

DNG TC MN TRP CHM THI GIAN L SNG T 1 GIY TR LN, BN C TH HNH THNH HIU NG DNG NC CHY SINH NG NH TRONG TRANH. (CC NH NY C CHP VI MY NH CANON POWERSHOT G2, KHU F8, TC MN TRP 1 GIY, KNH LC PHN CC, CHN MY).
Hu ht my nh s, ngay c vi loi n gin ch ngm v chp, u c v s chc nng c thit k cho chng. Ch cn mt cht kho lo v sng to, nu bit khai thc cc chc nng c sn trong my nh, bn c th chp c nhng tm nh m sau ny xem li ch cn c nc m xut xoa t mnh khen mnh. Khng tin ? C th i khc bit m. PH.TN. (Theo Derrick Story, Mac DevCenter)

Chp m pho hoa

Dng chn my
Nu iu kin cho php, khi chp nh pho hoa, bn hy mang theo ci chn my nh. Ci king ba chn ny s gip tng thm cht lng cho nhng tm nh ca bn. Trong iu kin nh sng yu khi phi chp nh bu tri m, bn khng th s dng tc mn trp nhanh c. V th, hoc c thit t t ng (nhiu loi my nh s c thit t sn option chp pho hoa), hoc do ngi chp iu chnh, my nh s thi gian l sng lu hn bnh thng. iu ny dn ti tnh trng gi l rung my nh khin nh b nhe.

Thi gian l sng

Khi chp nh pho hoa, bn phi t thi gian l sng (tc mn trp) ca my nh s gia na giy ti 4 giy. Thi gian l sng cng lu, qu pho hoa cng bng n ln

hn, p hn trn nh. Tuy nhin, ty loi my nh m cn thi gian l sng lu hay mau. Ci ny th bn phi t rt kinh nghim vi chnh chic my nh ca mnh thi.

n flash v dng
Ch c bao gi dng n flash chp nh pho hoa nh. Ngi ta ci cho y. V pho hoa trn tri, rt xa v tr bn ng, nn ci nh sng nh xu xiu ca n flash my nh s chng c tc dng g u.

Chn v tr tt
Tuy chp nh ban m v chp bu tri, bn vn phi b cc cho khung hnh nh. V vy, trc khi bui bn pho hoa bt u, bn hy tr ti trinh st, quan st chung quanh chn v tr c a nht. Trnh xa cc ngn n ng v chng c th xa vo ph m nh sng t pho hoa. Tm mt v tr no c th hn ch ti mc thp nht nguy c c ai i ngang qua trc ng knh ca bn.

t tiu c v cc
Pho hoa n tung trn bu tri cao, rt xa ni bn ng. V th, c th ghi c hnh nh r nt nht, bn phi t tiu c (focus) ch v cc (infinity). Nu my nh s c ty chn chp phong cnh (landscape), hy bt n trc khi chp cnh pho hoa. Mode ny thng c biu tng hnh qu ni.

Chp c phong cnh

Nu c iu kin, bn chn v tr chp nh c th ly lun mt phn phong cnh cng vi cc pho hoa. iu ny s tng thm sc sng ng, hp dn cho bc nh v nht l xc nh c ni chp nh. C th ly cy cu, ta nh cao tng, ng chn tri hay cc tng i.

Tng nhy ln mt cht

c th chp c nh pho hoa trn bu tri m, cng vi vic tng thi gian l sng (tc gim tc mn trp), tt nht l bn nn tng nhy ISO ca my nh s t 100 ln 200. Tt nhin, iu ny s lm ni ht (nhiu) mt cht trn nh, nhng bn s c th tr c n khi x l nh trn my tnh. Bn ch , khi nhy ISO c tng t 400 tr ln, nh s ni ht rt r .

Chp kp
Mt b quyt m mt s nh nhip nh chuyn nghip thng dng khi chp nh pho hoa l l sng kp (doubleexposure). Thay v gi cho mn trp m trong mt thi gian qu lu, h chp mt ln khi pho hoa bng n trn bu tri, nhng khng ln phim; ri sau khi c thm nhng qu pho hoa khc n ra, h chp mt tm nh khc chnh xc cng v tr. V hu cnh ging ht nhau, hai nhm pho hoa ang n c hp nht li trn bu tri

to ra mt tm nh rt n tng. y l mo chp my nh dng phim. Cn trong nh s, bn lm khc i. Bo m l my nh c c nh trn chn my v khng di chuyn khi bn chp. Trong khi nhng qu pho hoa n tung, bn s chp hai tm nh khc nhau ti cng mt v tr chnh xc. Sau , bn dng s tr gip ca cc phn mm bin tp nh nh Paint Shop Pro, Photoshop, PhotoPaint hp nht 2 nh ny li vi nhau. Ch nh, phn mt t khng b nhe, bn ch chn phn bu tri ca tm nh th hai, copy nh mt lp (layer) ln trn tm nh u tin ri cui cng hp nht (merge) kt qu. PH.TN (Theo Malektips)

Chp nh tr em kh tht y!
CHP HNG LOT NH
Tr em, nht l tr s sinh, lun cho bn nhng tm nh rt d thng, bt mt. Nhng vic chp chng li rt kh, v tr em hiu ng, khng nghe theo li sp xp ca ngi chp. V vy, c c nhng tm nh tr em p, bn cn phi c qu trnh mai phc chp nhng khonh khc t nhin ca tr. Li khuyn: Bn hy khai thc ci u th ca my nh s l c th chp hng lot nh m khng s lng ph... phim. Sau , bn c th la trong s nh chp c tm nh no ng nht.

T NG KNH NGANG TM MT TR

Khi chp nh tr em, l t nhin thi, v chng thp hn mnh, bn thng chc ng knh xung a tr. Hu qu l trn nh, a tr b thu nh li, nh b lt thm gia s rng ln ca cc vt th chung quanh. Li khuyn: Hy qu hoc ngi xung ng knh my nh ngang vi tm mt

ca a tr. Bn s ghi li c nh mt rt tht ca tr v tr s ni bt trn tm nh. Bn cng phi ch nh sng chiu thp hn bnh thng hp vi tm cao ca tr. (H.1, H.2)

DNG TC MN TRP NHANH NHT

Nu nh sng cho php v my nh s c chc nng t tc mn trp (shutter speed), bn hy dng tc mn trp nhanh nht c th c khi chp nh chn dung tr s sinh. Bn khng th buc a tr xu xiu lm iu b hay ci theo mnh c u. V th, tt nht l bn phi sn sng ghi li nhng ng tc bt ng din ra rt nhanh ca tr, cng nh nhng cm xc trn nt mt ca tr. vn thay i tc th. Vi tc mn trp nhanh ca my nh v s phn x nhanh ca ngi chp, bn c nhiu c hi ghi c nhng tm nh s c lu gi theo nm thng. Tm li: bn phi chp cng nhanh cng tt v tr khng th yn mt v tr lu u.

MI PH HUYNH CNG TC
Nu a tr s ci my nh, nht l nhng chic my nh chuyn nghip rt g gh, hoc khng khoi b chp nh, hy yu cu cha m hay anh ch ca b cng tc. Hy mi ph huynh ca tr ngi ln gh v t a tr ngi trong lng h. Bn chp mt tm nh mu ri sau xem th a tr c mun ngi mt mnh trn gh m khng c ph huynh hay khng. iu ny s mt nhiu thi gian cho ngi chp, nhng bn s c tr cng xng ng bng nhng tm nh hi lng ph huynh ca tr.

KHAI THC CHT NG NGHNH, KHI HI

Nhng tm nh tr em thng gy c hiu qu bt mt cao khi c cht ng nghnh, khi hi. Th d nh cho tr mc o ca ngi ln rng thng thnh, hay mang i giy to ng ca ng b, hoc eo cp knh mt b chng ca b m, hay i chic nn rng i l rng ca anh ch. Tt nhin, y ch l mt s gi , cn thc t th ty c sng to ca ngi chp. Nhng, bt lun th no, bn lun phi ch ti s an ton ca a tr khi phi mang nhng trang phc qu kh nh th. (H.3, H.4)

LM CHO TR BT CI
lm cho a tr ci, nhng nh nhip nh chuyn nghip thng dng mt mn chi ng nghnh no , c bit l loi chi c th pht ra nhng m thanh v ging ni rt mc ci, chc tr trc khi bm my.

NG KHUNG NH
C nhiu cch ng khung nhng tm nh tr th. Thay v ch n gin l t tm nh vo trong mt ci khung, bn hy dng ming lt hnh hay nn mu sng lm cho tm nh si ng hn ln. Hy th ng khung vi thit k ng nghnh tht s lm cho tr phi bt ci.

DNG NH TR LM QU TNG
bin tm nh tr em thnh mt mn qu c bit tng ngi thn ca n, bn c th lu chp nh tr trong trang phc xinh xn hay ng nghnh, chp chung vi gia nh hay vi ngi m bn mun gy ngc nhin cho ngi c tng nh. Bn cng c th chn ci khung nh ng nghnh. Nu c iu kin, bn c th dng tm nh tr

 lm lch, hay in ln ly tch hoc o thun.

Chp nh chn dung

Xch li gn nhau
Khi chp nh mt nhm ngi, bn ch c ngi ku h ng xch li gn nhau hn. Vic ny thng cn thit bo m khun mt y ca mi ngi nm lt trong mn hnh LCD hay l ngm. khng ai b xn mt ci l tai hay t hn l c ai b mt c na khun mt, bn hy ch khun mt ca mi ngi lt hn mt cch an ton trong khun hnh, nht l khi bn phi xoay v ct cp nh sau ny cho n ngay hng thng li.

Trnh hi chng chp mt

Nu tng chp mt tm nh c t hai, ba ngi tr ln, c l bn bit th no l ni kh d khc, d ci ca ci hi chng chp mt (blinking syndrome). Hu ht ngi chp nh ci tht ti, nhn thng vo ng knh; nhng c ai l chp mt khi bn nhn nt chp. Hu qu tht t hi, tm nh ht p, nht l vi nhng ai chng may b ghi ci cnh chp mt. 1. Nu phi dng n flash, bn hy tp cho mi ngi quen dn vi nh sng. D lm, c chp vi ba kiu ri sau chn kiu khng c ai chp mt, thng l kiu cui. Bi sau vi ln n flash nhng, mt hu ht mi ngi quen i, khng b chp mt na. Tuy nhin, ng c lm dng vic chp chn dung bng n flash v s c hi cho mt ngi c chp. 2. Nu c th, hy a tt c mi ngi ti khu vc sng khng cn n flash na.

Dng hu cnh n gin

Hy tp trung s ch ca ngi xem nh vo i tng trn nh chn dung. V th, khi chp nh chn dung, bn ch nn chn nhng hu cnh n gin trnh lm nh b ri. Nu chp nh mt ai trc mt hu cnh tp np, ngi xem nh s b phn tn nh mt ti nhng cnh pha sau. Nguyn tc chp nh chn dung l phi tp trung mt ngi xem vo con ngi trong nh, sau mi ti cc cnh vt chung quanh. Thay v chp nguyn cnh vng ni, bn ch cn lm sao ngi xem bit c ngi trong nh ang ng trc mt ngn ni l . Bn ch m t chi tit trn ngi c chp ch khng phi chi tit ca cnh vt chung quanh, tr khi bn mun chp phong cnh kt hp vi ngi c chp lm k nim.

Hn ch dng n flash trnh hin tng mt


Thng th chc nng chng hin tng mt (redeye) ca my nh s khng c hiu qu trit u. V th, khi chp nh mt ngi c dng n flash, bn d c c nhng tm nh kinh d vi mt ngi lm nh mt cp ban m b chiu n. V th, tt nht l chp nh chn dung khu vc sng. Cn nu kt qu, bn phi c mt ngun sng ph tr t pha sau mnh gim nh sng n flash chiu ln vng mc ngi mu. V cui cng, nu khi nh b mt , bn nh phi cu vin cc phn mm c chc nng sa hin tng mt .

n flash c th lm chi qun o, trang sc

Thm mt nguyn nhn na khin bn phi hn ch dng n flash chp chn dung l nh n flash c th phn chiu qun o bng v nhng mn trang sc sng. Ngay c nhng chic nt qun o bng nha bng cng b la sng.

ng ngi mu lp y khung nh
Nhng ngi chp nh c kinh nghim khuyn rng khng nn i tng lp y khung nh m nn cha khong trng chung quanh mt ngi . iu ny cng cn thit nu bn l mt tay my nghip d. Bi c th nh bn chp ra khng c cn. Nu vy, nu c cha l, khi dng phn mm x l nh cn bng li, bn s khng ct cp phi mt ngi mu.

Ch ti i tay
Mc d i mt l ca s tm hn nn cn c ch lt t trn nh, nhng bn ch c qun i tay ca i tng nh. Khi ngi ta ni, i tay thng di chuyn lin tc, cho thy nhng cm xc m c th lm cho tm

nh chn dung tr nn c hn c bit. Ngay c khi khng di chuyn, v tr ca i bn tay (an xen vo nhau, nm li, th lng bn ngi,...) c th gp phn din t tm trng ca ngi c chp.

Trnh ngi mu kh cng nh... ci

Thng th do khng phi l din vin, nn nhiu ngi ng trc ng knh my nh d mt t nhin, hoc gng mnh kh cng nh que ci. Bn hy gip h th gin v t nhin c th chp nh p hn. Sau khi chnh cc thng s cn thit v tiu c, khu , tc ,... bn hy trao i vi ngi c chp v mt ti g m h quan tm. Trong qu trnh tr chuyn, ngi mu c lc mm ci v biu hin cm xc trn mt, bn hy chp thi c chp khonh khc y.

Hy tn dng ch Portrait ca my nh
Hu nh my nh s no cng c thit t sn ch chp nh chn dung Portrait. Hy s dng n khi bn phi chp mt tm nh chn dung rt vi v khng c thi gian iu chnh cc thng s k thut ca my nh. Hu ht my nh s u lp trnh sn ch chn dung, tnh ton cc thit t cho ra mt tm nh p trn mc trung bnh khi chp chn dung ai . Ch ny cng thng c tch hp chc nng chp n flash kh hin tng mt .