SPSS 16.

CCH THC TIN HNH LNH FREQUENCIES (Tnh tn s) 1. Sau khi m file d liu, vo menu Analyze Descriptive Statistics Frequencies

Mn hnh s xut hin hp thoi sau:

V biu

2. Chn bin mun tnh tn s (bin Place V1) bng cch click chut vo tn bin ri

a sang khung Variable(s).

3. Click Ok. Trng hp mun v biu thc hin thm bc 4 trc khi click Ok. 4. v biu click chut vo Charts. Chn dng biu Chart type, chn gi

tr th hin trn biu l s m (frequencies) hay phn trm (percentages). Click Continue tr li hp thoi Frequencies Ok thc hin lnh.

CCH THC TIN HNH LNH DESCRIPTIVES (Tnh im trung bnh) 1. Vo menu Analyze Descriptive Statistics Descriptives, xut hin hp thoi

2. Chn 1 hay nhiu bin (nh lng) mun tnh im trung bnh a vo khung

Variable(s). 3. Click vo Options xut hin hp thoi Descriptive Options. Chn cc i lng thng k mun tnh ton bng cch click vo vung cn thit.
4. Chn cch sp xp kt qu tnh ton theo th t danh sch bin (Variable list), th t

Alphabetic ca nhn bin, th t tng dn (Ascending list), v th t gim dn (Descending list).

5. Click Continue tr v hp thoi Descriptive Ok thc hin lnh. 2

 ngha ca tng gi tr trung bnh i vi thang o khong (Interval Scale)

Gi tr khong cch = (Maximum - Minimum) / n = (5 -1) / 5 = 0.8 Gi tr trung bnh 1.00 - 1.80 1.81 - 2.60 2.61 - 3.40 3.41 - 4.20 4.21 - 5.00 ngha

Rt khng ng /Rt khng hi lng/Rt khng quan trng Khng ng /Khng hi lng/ Khng quan trng Khng kin/trung bnh ng / Hi lng/ Quan trng Rt ng / Rt hi lng/ Rt quan trng

CCH THC TIN HNH PHN TCH BNG CHO (CROSSTABULATION) Phn tch bng cho dng kim nh mi quan h gia cc bin nh tnh vi nhau bng cch dng kim nh Chi bnh phng (Chi-square). Cch thc tin hnh vi SPSS nh sau:
1. Vo menu Analyze Descriptive Statistics Crosstabs,

2. Xut hin hp thoi sau:

3. Chn v a cc bin vo khung Row(s) (dng) v Column(s) (ct) v Layer 1 of 1 (i vi trng hp trn 2 bin).
4

4. Click vo Statistics, xut hin hp thoi sau:

5. Chn cc kim nh cn thit. Trong trng hp ny ta dng kim nh Chi bnh

phng (Chi-square). Cc kim nh Norminal dng kim nh mi lin h gia cc bin biu danh. Cc kim nh Ordinal dng kim nh mi lin h gia cc bin th t.

6. Click vo continue tr li hp thoi Crosstabs Click vo Cells, hp thoi sau

xut hin:

7. Counts chn Observed (th hin tn s quan st). Trong trng hp mun th hin tn s mong i chn Expected.
5

8. Chn cch th hin phn trm theo dng hay theo ct Percentages.
9. Click Continue tr li hp thoi Crosstabs Ok thc hin lnh.

CCH C KT QU KIM NH Khi thc hin kim nh, ta c 2 gi thuyt. H0: khng c mi quan h gia cc bin. H1: c mi quan h gia cc bin. kt lun l chp nhn hay bc b gi thuyt H0, ta s dng cc kim nh ph hp. Da vo gi tr P (p-value) (SPSS vit tt p-value l sig.) kt lun l chp nhn hay bc b gi thuyt H0 p-value (sig.) (mc ngha) bc b gi thuyt H0. C ngha l c mi quan h c ngha gia cc bin cn kim nh. p-value (sig.) > (mc ngha) chp nhn H0. Khng c mi quan h gia cc bin cn kim nh. I VI KIM NH CHI BNH PHNG Hng u tin ca bng Chi-square tests th hin gi tr P
Chi-Square Tests Value Pearson Chi-Square Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear Association N of Valid Cases 16.217a 18.708 .202 511 df 8 8 1 Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) .039 .017 .653

p-value

a. 8 cells (44.4%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 1.69.

Cui bng Chi-Square tests SPSS s a ra dng thng bo cho bit % s c tn sut mong i di 5. Kim nh Chi-bnh phng ch c ngha khi s quan st ln, nu c qu 20% s trong bng cho c tn s l thuyt nh hn 5 th gi tr chi-bnh phng khng cn ng tin cy. Trong v d trn c n 44.4% s c tn s mong i di 5, bin php cho trng hp ny l ta s gom cc biu hin trn cc bin li tng s quan st trong mi nhm.

CCH THC TIN HNH KIM NH GI THUYT V TR TRUNG BNH CA 2 TNG TH C LP (Independent Samples T-test)
1. Vo menu Analyze Compare Means Independent-samples T-test

2. Chn bin nh lng cn kim nh tr trung bnh a vo khung Test Variable(s).

Chn bin nh tnh chia s quan st thnh 2 nhm mu so snh gia 2 nhm ny vi nhau a vo khung Grouping Variable.
3. Chn Define Groups nhp m s ca 2 nhm. Click Continue tr li hp

thoi chnh Click Ok thc hin lnh

Trong kim nh Independent-samples T-test, ta cn da vo kt qu kim nh s bng nhau ca 2 phng sai tng th (kim nh Levene). Phng sai din t mc ng u hoc khng ng u ( phn tn) ca d liu quan st.
Independent Samples Test A.Cleanliness and comfort of room Equal variances assumed
Levene's Test for Equality of F Variances t-test for Equality of Means

Equal variances not assumed

.138 .710 -3.066 509 .002 -.231 .075 Lower Upper -.379 -.083 -3.040 448.100 .003 -.231 .076 -.380 -.082

Sig. T df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Std. Error Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference

Nu gi tr Sig. trong kim nh Levene (kim nh F) < 0.05 th phng sai ca 2 tng th khc nhau, ta s dng kt qu kim nh t dng Equal variances not assumed. Nu Sig. 0.05 th phng sai ca 2 tng th khng khc nhau, ta s dng kt qu kim nh t dng Equal variances assumed. Trong VD trn Sig. ca kim nh F = 0.71 > 0.05 chp nhn gi thuyt H0 khng c s khc nhau v phng sai ca 2 tng th s dng kt qu dng Equal variances assumed. Nu Sig. ca kim nh t (mc ngha) c s phc bit c ngha v trung bnh ca 2 tng th. Nu Sig. > (mc ngha) khng c s khc bit c ngha v trung bnh ca 2 tng th. Trong VD trn sig. = 0.002 < 0.05 c s khc bit c ngha v trung bnh ca 2 tng th.

CCH THC TIN HNH KIM NH GI THUYT V TR TRUNG BNH CA 2 TNG TH PH THUC HAY PHI HP TNG CP (Paired-Samples T-test) 1. Vo menu Analyze Compare means Paired-samples T-test

2. Chn cp bin mun so snh (nhn gi phm ctrl chn 2 bin) a vo khung

Paired Variable(s). C th chn nhiu cp so snh cng 1 lc. 3. C th chnh li tin cy bng cch click vo Option, nhp tin cy vo khung Confidence Interval. 4. Click Ok thc hin lnh. 5. Xem cch c kt qu kierm nh phn trn. Cng dng gi tr Sig.

CCH THC TIN HNH PHN TCH PHNG SAI (ANOVA Analysis of Variance) Phn tch phng sai ANOVA l phng php so snh tr trung bnh ca 3 nhm tr ln. C 2 k thut phn tch phng sai: ANOVA 1 yu t (mt bin yu t phn loi cc quan st thnh cc nhm khc nhau) v ANOVA nhiu yu t(2 hay nhiu bin phn loi). phn thc hnh c bn ch cp n phn tch phng sai 1 yu t (One-way ANOVA). Mt s gi nh i vi phn tch phng sai mt yu t: Cc nhm so snh phi c lp v c chn mt cch ngu nhin. Cc nhm so snh phi c phn phi chun hoc c mu phi ln c xem nh tim cn phn phi chun.
9

Phng sai ca cc nhm so snh phi ng nht.

1. T menu Analyze Compare Means One-Way ANOVA, xut hin hp thoi

sau:

2 k thut dng kim nh su ANOVA

2. a bin nh lng (tr trung bnh) vo khung Dependent list.

a bin phn loi xc nh cc nhm cn so snh vi nhau vo khung Factor.

3. Click vo nt Option m hp thoi One-Way ANOVA Options.

Trong hp thoi One-way ANOVA Options: Click chn Descriptive tnh i lng thng k m t (tnh tr trung bnh) theo tng nhm so snh. Click chn Homogeneity of variance test kim nh s bng nhau ca cc phng sai nhm (thc hin kim nh Levene).

10

4. Click chn Continue tr li hp thoi ban u click Ok thc hin lnh. 5. Da vo kt qu kim nh ANOVA, nu H0 c chp nhn th kt lun khng c

s khc bit c ngha gia cc nhm vi nhau. Nu H0 b bc b c s khc bit c ngha gia cc nhm tr li hp thoi One way ANOVA thc hin kim nh su ANOVA nhm xc nh c th trung bnh ca nhm no khc vi nhm no, ngha l tm xem s khc bit ca cc nhm xy ra u.
6. Tuy nhin c th thc hin kim nh ANOVA v su ANOVA cng lc vi nhau.

Da vo s chp nhn hay bc b gi thuyt H0 quan tm hay khng quan tm n kt qu kim nh su ANOVA.

Phn tch su ANOVA Xc nh ch khc bit

C 2 phng php phn tch su ANOVA, l kim nh trc (kim nh Priori Contrasts) v kim nh sau (kim nh Post-Hoc test). Phng php kim nh gn vi phng php nghin cu thc l Post-Hoc test. Nn trong phn ny ta s s dng PostHoc test thc hin kim nh su ANOVA nhm tm ra ch khc bit. Cc phng php kim nh thng k ca Post-Hoc test thng c s dng:
-

LSD: y l php kim nh dng kim nh t ln lt cho tng cp trung bnh nhm, do vy nhc im ca n l tin cy khng cao v lm gia tng mc phm sai lm tng ng vi vic so snh nhiu nhm cng mt lc. Bonferroni: ging quy tc ca LSD nhng iu chnh c mc ngha khi tin hnh so snh bi da trn s ln tin hnh so snh. y l mt trong nhng th tc kim nh n gin nht v hay c s dng cho mc tiu ny. Tukey: cng c s dng ph bin cho vic tm kim cc trung bnh cc nhm khc bit. N s dng bng phn phi Studentizze range distribution. Tukey hiu qu hn Bonferroni khi s lng cc cp trung bnh cn so snh kh nhiu. R-E-G-W: thc hin 2 bc kim nh, u tin tin hnh kim nh li ton b cc gi tr trung bnh nhm xem c bng nhau khng; nu khng bng th bc k tip n s kim nh tm cc nhm no khc bit tht s vi nhau v tr trung bnh. Nhng kim nh ny khng ph hp khi kch c cc nhm mu khng bng nhau. Dunnett: l th tc cho php chn so snh cc tr trung bnh ca cc nhm mu cn li vi tr trung bnh ca mt nhm mu c th no c chn ra so snh (nhm iu khin), SPSS mc nh chn nhm cui (last) lm nhm iu khin.

S dng kim nh no l tu thuc vo mc ch ca nh nghin cu v tnh hnh thc t nghin cu.

11

c kt qu phn tch phng sai

1. Bng u tin th hin cc i lng thng k m t
Descriptives Willingness to introduce 95% Confidence Interval for Mean Std. N Single Married/Living with partner Divorced Widowed Total 153 341 15 2 511 Mean 4.12 4.28 4.13 4.50 4.23 Deviation .811 .645 .743 .707 .704 Std. Error .066 .035 .192 .500 .031 Lower Bound 3.99 4.22 3.72 -1.85 4.17 Upper Bound 4.25 4.35 4.54 10.85 4.29 Minimum 1.00 1.00 3.00 4.00 1.00 Maximum 5 5 5 5 5

2. Bng th 2 th hin kt qu kim nh Levene. Trong VD ny Sig. = 0.273 > mc

ngha 0.1 chp nhn gi thuyt H0 phng sai cc nhm khng khc nhau mt cch c ngha c th s dng kt qu phn tch ANOVA bng tip theo.
Test of Homogeneity of Variances Willingness to introduce Levene Statistic 1.303 df1 3 df2 507 Sig. .273

3. Bng th 3 th hin kt qu kim nh ANOVA. Trong VD ny sig. = 0.089 < mc

ngha 0.1 bc b gi thuyt H0 c s khc bit c ngha v gi tr trung bnh ca mc sn lng gii thiu ca cc nhm tnh trng hn nhn.
ANOVA Willingness to introduce Sum of Squares Between Groups Within Groups Total 3.228 249.523 252.751 df 3 507 510 Mean Square 1.076 .492 F 2.186 Sig. .089

12

4. Bng th 4 th hin kt qu kim nh su ANOVA (dng kim nh LSD).

Multiple Comparisons Willingness to introduce LSD Mean (I) Marital status Single (J) Marital status Married/Living with partner Divorced Widowed Married/Living with partner Single Divorced Widowed Divorced Single Married/Living with partner Widowed Widowed Single Married/Living with partner Divorced *. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level. Difference (I-J) Std. Error Sig.
*

95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound

-.167

.068 .190 .499 .068 .185 .498 .190 .185 .528 .499 .498 .528

.015 .934 .444 .015 .415 .665 .934 .415 .488 .444 .665 .488

-.30 -.39 -1.36 .03 -.21 -1.19 -.36 -.51 -1.40 -.60 -.76 -.67

-.03 .36 .60 .30 .51 .76 .39 .21 .67 1.36 1.19 1.40

-.016 -.382 .167

*

.151 -.216 .016 -.151 -.367 .382 .216 .367

Da vo kt qu kim nh LSD ny, ta c th kt lun ch c hai nhm kt hn v c thn l c s khc nhau v mc sn lng gii thiu. Trong VD ny nhm kt hn s sn lng gii thiu hn nhm c thn (xem bng thng k m t).

M HNH HI QUY TUYN TNH BI

1. T menu Analyze Regression Linear

13

2. Xut hin hp thoi sau:

a bin ph thuc vo khung Dependent(s). a bin c lp vo khung Independent(s).

3. Chn phng php a bin vo Method.

-

Mc nh SPSS s chn phng php a bin vo l Enter. y l phng php m SPSS s x l tt c cc bin c lp m nh nghin cu mun a vo m hnh. Phng php a vo dn (forward selection). Bin c lp u tin c xem xt a vo m hnh l bin c tng quan ln nht vi bin ph thuc. Tip tc SPSS s xt iu kin a cc bin c lp cn li vo m hnh. Nu bin u tin khng tho iu kin vo th th tc ny s chm dt, khng c bin no c a vo m hnh. Phng php loi tr dn (backward elimination). u tin tt c cc bin c lp c a vo m hnh, bin c h s tng quan nh nht s c kim tra u tin, nu khng tho iu kin s b loi ra. Lc ny m hnh ny s c tnh ton li m khng c bin c lp va loi. Tip theo SPSS s lp li th tc trn cho n khi no gi tr F ca bin c h s tng quan nh nht ln hn iu kin th qu trnh ny s dng li.
Tham kho iu kin a vo v loi ra PIN, FIN, FOUT, POUT.

14

Phng php chn tng bc (stepwise selection) l s kt hp ca phng php a vo dn vo loi tr dn v l phng php c s dng thng thng nht. S dng phng php a bin vo no ph thuc vo tnh cht ca cuc nghin cu. V phng php c s dng nhiu nht l phng php chn tng bc (stepwise selection).

4. Click vo Statistics, m hp thoi sau:

Click chn Collinearity diagnostics kim tra hin tng a cng tuyn (Multicollinearity). chp nhn ca bin (Tolerances) v h s phng i phng sai (Variance inflation factor VIF) c dng pht hin hin tng a cng tuyn. Quy tc l khi VIF vt qu 10 l du hiu ca a cng tuyn.

5. Click Continue tr li hp thoi Linear Regressions click Ok thc hin lnh.

Cc bc nh gi m hnh VD: s dng stepwsise a cc bin c lp vo m hnh. M hnh: s hi lng ca DK v im n = + 1 (s hi lng v dch v lu tr) + 2 (s hi lng v dch v n ung) + 3 (s hi lng v dch v mua sm) + 4 (s hi lng v dch v vn chuyn) Gi tr Tolerances v VIF bng s 3 (bng Coefficients) cho thy khng hin din hin tng a cng tuyn ca cc bin. tip tc nh gi m hnh. 1. nh gi ph hp ca m hnh H s xc nh R2 v R2 hiu chnh (Adjusted R square) c dng nh gi ph hp ca m hnh. V R2 s tng khi a thm bin c lp vo m hnh nn dng R2 hiu
15

chnh s an ton hn khi nh gi ph hp ca m hnh. R2 hiu chnh cng ln th hin ph hp ca m hnh cng cao.
Model Summary Adjusted R Model 1 2 3 4 R .618a .664b .677c .684d R Square .382 .441 .459 .468 Square .381 .439 .455 .463 Std. Error of the Estimate .461 .439 .432 .429

R2 hiu chnh ca m hnh s 4 l 0.463 46.3% s bin thin ca mc hi lng ca DK v im n c gii thch bi mi lin h tuyn tnh ca cc bin c lp. Mc ph hp ca m hnh tng i cao. Tuy nhin s ph hp ny ch ng vi d liu mu. kim nh xem c th suy din m hnh cho tng th thc hay khng ta phi kim nh ph hp ca m hnh. 2. Kim nh ph hp ca m hnh Gi thuyt H0: 1 = 2 = 3 = 4 = 0. kim nh ph hp ca m hnh hi quy tuyn tnh a bi ta dng gi tr F bng phn tch ANOVA sau:
ANOVAe Model 1 Regression Residual Total 2 Regression Residual Total 3 Regression Residual Total 4 Regression Residual Total Sum of Squares 66.904 108.216 175.119 77.248 97.872 175.119 80.296 94.823 175.119 81.897 93.223 175.119 df 1 509 510 2 508 510 3 507 510 4 506 510 20.474 .184 111.131 .000d 26.765 .187 143.109 .000c 38.624 .193 200.475 .000b Mean Square 66.904 .213 F 314.686 Sig. .000a

16

Gi tr sig. ca tr F ca m hnh s 4 rt nh (< mc ngha) bc b gi thuyt H0 m hnh ph hp vi tp d liu v c th suy rng ra cho ton tng th. 3. ngha cc h s hi quy ring phn trong m hnh
Coefficientsa Unstandardized Coefficients Model 4 (Constant) Overall satisfaction Accommodation Overall satisfaction Transportation Overall satisfaction Food Overall satisfaction Shopping a. Dependent Variable: Overall satisfied B 1.172 .300 Std. Error .136 .041 Standardized Coefficients Beta t 8.595 .335 7.331 Sig. .000 .000 .502 1.990 Collinearity Statistics Tolerance VIF

.168 .139 .103

.032 .041 .035

.218 5.168 .150 3.404 .121 2.947

.000 .001 .003

.589 .538 .624

1.697 1.857 1.603

ngha ca h s ring phn l k o lng s thay i gi tr trung bnh Y khi Xk thay i 1 n v, gi cc bin c lp cn li khng i. H s Beta (ct th 4 t bn tri) c dng so snh khi cc bin c lp khng cng n v o lng.
17

VD ny ta c th vit li m hnh nh sau:

Hi lng v im n = 1.172 + 0.300(hi lng v lu tr) + 0.168(hi lng v vn chuyn) + 0.139(hi lng v n ung) + 0.103(hi lng v mua sm). Gii thch m hnh: Phng trnh hi quy bi c phng php stepwise c lng cho thy s hi lng ca du khch v 4 dch v: lu tr, vn chuyn, n ung, v mua sm c tc ng t l thun vi s hi lng chung ca du khch v im n. Trong s hi lng v dch v lu tr c tc ng mnh nht n s hi lng v im n.

MT S BIN PHP KHC PHC HIN TNG A CNG TUYN TRONG M HNH HI QUY TUYN TNH ( ngh tham kho chi tit hn trong gio trnh Kinh t lng ca Tin s Mai Vn Nam) 1. S dng thng tin tin nghim Thng tin tin nghim c th t cc cng vic thc t trc y trong xy ra hin tng cng tuyn nhng t nghim trng hoc t cc l thuyt tng ng trong lnh vc nghin cu. 2. Loi tr mt bin gii thch ra khi m hnh Bc 1: Xem cp bin c quan h chc ch. Gi s X 3 v X4 c tng quan chc ch vi nhau. Bc 2: Tnh R2 i vi cc hm hi quy: c mt c 2 bin; khng c mt 1 trong 2 bin. Bc 3: Loi bin m gi tr R2 tnh c khi khng c mt bin ln hn. VD: R2 ca hm c mt 2 bin l 0.94; R2 ca m hnh khng c bin X3 l 0.92; R2 ca m hnh khng c bin X4 l 0.87 loi bin X3 ra khi m hnh. 3. Thu thp thm s liu hoc ly mu mi

18

Vn a cng tuyn l mt c tnh ca mu, c th l trong mt mu khc, cc bin cng tuyn c th khng nghim trng nh trong mu u tin. V vy, tng c mu c th lm gim bt vn cng tuyn.

CCH THC TIN HNH PHN TCH NHN T

1. T menu Analyze Data Reduction Factor

2. Xut hin hp thoi sau:

19

3. Chn tt c cc bin cn gom nhm vo Variables.

4. Click chn Descriptives, xut hin hp thoi sau:

Chn cc tham s thng k m t. Chn tnh cc ma trn h s tng quan. Chn kim nh Bartlett. Trong phn tch nhn t, cn kim nh mi tng quan ca cc bin vi nhau (H0: cc bin khng c tng quan vi nhau trong tng th). Nu gi thuyt H0 khng c bc b th phn tch nhn t c kh nng khng thch hp. Click continue tr li hp thoi Factor analysis

5. Click chn Extraction m hp thoi sau:

20

Chn phng php rt trch nhn t, phng php mc nh l rt cc thnh phn chnh Principal components. Phn tch ma trn tng quan hay hip phng sai Analyze. Th hin phng n nhn t cha xoay v v biu dc Display. Xc nh tiu chun rt trch nhn t hay s lng nhn t cn rt trch. C 2 cch xc nh tiu chun ny Extract: Xc nh t trc da vo ca nh nghin cu v kt qu ca cc cuc nghin cu trc. Nh nghin cu xc nh s nhn t Number of factors. Xc nh da vo Eigenvalue (Determination based on eigenvalue. Ch c nhng nhn t no ln hn 1 mi c gi li trong m hnh phn tch.

Click Continue tr li hp thoi Factor Analysis.

6. Click chn Rotation (Xoay nhn t) m hp thoi sau: Xoay nhn t l th tc gip ma trn nhn t tr nn n gin v d gii thch hn.

C nhiu phng php xoay khc nhau trong c s dng rng ri nht l Varimax procedure (xoay nguyn gc cc nhn t ti thiu ho s lng bin c h s ln ti cng mt nhn t, v vy s tng cng kh nng gii thch cc nhn t). Click Continue tr li hp thoi chnh. 7. Click chn Factor Score tnh im cc nhn t
21

Nu nh nghin cu mun xc nh tp hp nhn t t hn s dng trong cc phng php phn tch a bin tip theo (phn tch ANOVA, hi quy), ta c th tnh ton ra cc nhn s (tr s ca cc bin tng hp) cho tng trng hp quan st mt. Nhn s ca nhn t th i bng: Fi = Wi1X1 + Wi2X2 + Wi3X3 + + WikXk My tnh s tnh cc nhn s ny v t ng save vo file d liu nhng bin mi ny. -

Mc nh ca chng trnh l phng php tnh nhn s Regression (theo n v o lng lch chun). Chn th hin bng trng s nhn t bng cch click vo Display factor Click Continue tr li hp thoi ban u click Ok thc hin lnh.

C KT QU CA V D SAU VD: xc nh nhn t nh hng n quyt nh chn nh tr ca sinh vin khoa cng ngh trng i hc Cn th.

22

Bng 1. Descriptive Statistics

Mean gia ca ve sinh an ninh moi truong song gan truong gan khu vui choi, giai tri phong co gac lung co nha ve sinh trong phong noi qui dien, nuoc 3.91 4.05 4.35 4.09 3.60 3.28 3.33 3.67 3.79 4.16 Std. Deviation 1.065 .950 .948 .811 1.072 1.161 .993 1.063 .940 .871 Analysis N 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43

Bng 2. Correlation Matrix Correlation Moi truong gia ca gia ca ve sinh an ninh moi truong song gan truong gan khu vui choi, giai tri phong co gac lung co nha ve sinh trong phong noi qui dien, nuoc 1.000 .522 .528 .313 .238 .291 ve sinh .522 1.000 .801 .581 .392 .096 an ninh .528 .801 1.000 .607 .303 .191 song .313 .581 .607 1.000 .372 .174 gan truong .238 .392 .303 .372 1.000 .569 gan khu co nha ve dien, noi qui .123 .198 .378 .307 .034 .142 nuoc .402 .393 .535 .315 .275 .401

vui choi, phong co sinh trong giai tri .291 .096 .191 .174 .569 1.000 gac lung .209 .337 .129 .021 .325 .270 phong .288 .298 .281 .257 .219 .365

.209

.337

.129

.021

.325

.270

1.000

.238

.049

.130

.288 .123 .402

.298 .198 .393

.281 .378 .535

.257 .307 .315

.219 .034 .275

.365 .142 .401

.238 .049 .130

1.000 .478 .470

.478 1.000 .479

.470 .479 1.000

Bng 1 th hin i lng thng k m t. Bng 2 th hin ma trn tng quan gia cc bin. Ta thy h s tng quan gia cc bin trong ma trn ny tng i cao.
23

Bng 3 th hin kt qu ca kim nh Barlett. Da vo kt qu ny ta c th bc b H 0 (Cc bin khng c tng quan vi nhau). Phn tch nhn t l phng php ph hp phn tch ma trn tng quan bng 2.
Bng 3. KMO and Bartlett's Test Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square Df Sig. .714 167.933 45 .000

Bng 5. Total Variance Explained

Component 1 Initial Eigenvalues Total % of Variance Cumulative % Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings Total % of Variance Cumulative % 3.989 39.892 39.892 3.989 39.892 39.892 2.776 27.758 27.758 2 1.406 14.058 53.949 1.406 14.058 53.949 2.006 20.056 47.814 3 1.283 12.829 66.778 1.283 12.829 66.778 1.896 18.965 66.778 4 .892 8.916 75.694 5 .760 7.599 83.293 6 .526 5.259 7 .412 4.116 8 .324 3.238 9 .290 2.903 98.809 10 .119 1.191 1.000E2

88.552 92.668 9.591E1

Rotation Sums Total of Squared Loadings % of Variance Cumulative %

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

Da vo bng 5 v theo tiu chun eigenvalue ln hn 1 th ch c 3 nhn t c rt trch ra. Gi tr Cumulative % cho bit 3 nhn t u gii thch 66.78% bin thin ca d liu. Bng s 4 (bng Cummunalities) cho bit thng tin v phn bin thin c gii thch bi cc nhn t chung. Bng s 6 l bng th hin cc nhn t cha xoay. d dng gii thch cc nhn t hn ta s dng bng s 7 c kt qu.

24

Bng 6. Component Matrixa Component 1 gia ca ve sinh an ninh moi truong song gan truong gan khu vui choi, giai tri phong co gac lung co nha ve sinh trong phong noi qui dien, nuoc .647 .781 .814 .667 .573 .514 .369 .601 .498 .718 2 -.039 -.245 -.379 -.324 .527 .661 .529 .127 -.288 -.040 3 -.221 -.419 -.205 -.206 -.268 .179 -.184 .525 .651 .369

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. a. 3 components extracted.

Bng 7. Rotated Component Matrixa Component 1 gia ca (1) ve sinh (2) an ninh (3) moi truong song (4) gan truong (5) gan khu vui choi, giai tri (6) phong co gac lung (7) co nha ve sinh trong phong (8) noi qui (9) dien, nuoc (10) .604 .896 .875 .743 .312 -.015 .119 .124 .176 .364 2 .149 .069 .280 .198 .020 .358 -.014 .746 .838 .689 3 .286 .198 .056 .041 .762 .778 .660 .285 -.148 .215

Da vo bng s 7 ta thy bin 1,2,3,4 c tng quan mnh vi nhau v thuc nhn t th 1. Tng t nhn t 2 bao gm cc bin 8,9,10. Cc bin 5,6,7 l cc bin gii thch cho nhn t 3. Da vo nhng im ging nhau (th hin tnh chung) ca bin nm trong nhn t v nhng nghin cu trc nh nghin cu s t tn cho nhng nhn t ny. VD: nhm 1 l nhn t an ton; nhm 2 l nhn t iu kin sinh hot; nhm 3 l nhn t v tr thun li.

25

Bng 8. Component Transformation Matrix Component 1 2 3 1 .736 -.461 -.495 2 .516 -.090 .852 3 .437 .883 -.171

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization. Bng 9. Component Score Coefficient Matrix Component 1 gia ca ve sinh an ninh moi truong song gan truong gan khu vui choi, giai tri phong co gac lung co nha ve sinh trong phong noi qui dien, nuoc .218 .386 .354 .309 .036 -.191 -.034 -.134 -.065 .003 2 -.060 -.161 -.006 -.030 -.138 .143 -.108 .418 .515 .341 3 .076 -.012 -.122 -.103 .430 .448 .397 .076 -.213 .004

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization. Component Scores. Bng 10. Component Score Covariance Matrix Component 1 2 3 1 1.000 .000 .000 2 .000 1.000 .000 3 .000 .000 1.000

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization. Component Scores.

Da vo bng 8, 9 v 10 ta xc nh nhn s nh sau: F1 = 0.218*gi c + 0.386*v sinh + 0.354*an ninh + 0.309*mi trng sng F2 = 0.418*c nh v sinh trong phng + 0.515*ni quy + 0.341*in nc
26

F3 = 0.430*gn trng + 0.448*gn khu vui chi + 0.397*c gc lng

27