Bo co thc tp nhn thc - Nh my Thy in Ha Bnh

Chng 1: Gii thiu s qua v nh my thy in Ha Bnh

1. Gii thiu chung Nh my thy in Ha Bnh l mt qun th kin trc ha quyn gia thin nhin v con ngi. Mt cng trnh cng nghip khng l ca ngnh in lc Vit Nam, l cng trnh thy in a chc nng bao gm cc nhim v: Chng l, pht in, ti tiu, giao thng thy m trn th gii cha c cng trnh thy in no c nhiu chc nng n nh vy. y l ni sn xut v cung cp ngun nng lng ch yu cho h thng in lc ca c nc phc v c lc cho s nghip cng nghip ha hin i ha t nc. L mt biu tng ca tnh hu ngh gia nhn dn, chnh ph hai nc Vit Nam v Lin X (c) Nh my thy in Ha Bnh l mt cng trnh in lc ln nht Vit Nam hin nay, nm trong bc thang cc nh my thy in trn h thng sng D. Thy in Ha Bnh l mt t hp cng trnh ngm c thit k thi cng xy dng trong lng ni. Vi quy m ln gm: 8 t my c cng sut lp t 1920MW, thit b my mc hin i, thuc th h mi. Cng vi cng trnh l h thng h cha, p t v h thng trn x l vi 12 ca x y v 6 ca x mt 2. Mt s ct mc quan trng ca nh my - Thng 5/1971, B Chnh tr quyt nh xy dng nh my thy in Ha Bnh, chn uyn Ha Bnh xy dng cng trnh u tin trong quy hoch v khai thc sng - Thng 10/1971 ti H Ni, Vit Nam v Lin X k tuyn b chung v s hp tc nghin cu, thit k lp lun chng kinh t k thut, chun b cc iu kin cn v tin hnh khi cng xy dng cng trnh thy in trn sng - Ngy 6/1/1979 khi cng tng th cng trnh thy in Ha Bnh, lp thnh tch cho mng ln th 62 cch mng thng Mi Nga v k nim ln th nht hip c hu ngh gia Vit Nam v Lin X - Ngy 10/12/1982, ch tch hi ng b trng (nay l chnh ph) quyt nh t tn cng trnh thy in Ha Bnh l Cng trnh Thanh nin cng sn - Ngy 12/1/1983 ngn sng t I. - Ngy 9/11/1986 th tng Phm Vn ng b vin ra lnh ngn sng t II - Ngy 30/12/1988, t my s 1 ha li in quc gia - Ngy 04/11/1989, t my s 2 ha li in quc gia - Ngy 27/3/1991, t my s 3 ha li in quc gia V Mnh Tun - TH3 K51 khoa in trng H Bch Khoa HN 1

Bo co thc tp nhn thc - Nh my Thy in Ha Bnh - Ngy 19/12/1991, t my s 4 ha li in quc gia - Ngy 15/1/1993, t my s 5 ha li in quc gia - Ngy 29/6/1993, t my s 6 ha li in quc gia - Ngy 07/12/1993, t my s 7 ha li in quc gia - Ngy 04/4/1994, t my s 8 ha li in quc gia - Ngy 20/5/1994, trm 500kV u ngun ti Ha Bnh a vo vn hnh - Ngy 27/5/1994, h thng ng dy 500 kV chnh thc vn hnh truyn ti kp thi ngun in t Ha Bnh vo cung ng cho cc tnh min Trung v min Nam - Ngy 20-12-1994: Khnh thnh nh my thu in Ho Bnh 3. Mt s cng trnh chnh ca nh my 3.1. H thng cng trnh thy cng 3.1.1. p t H thng cng trnh thy cng p t c khi lng 22 triu m3, di 743m, cao 128m, mt p rng 15m, chiu rng chn p khong 900m. Tt c c p treenn hm sng c tng Aluvi dy 70m, di li dp bng t st l mt mn chng thm c to ra bng khoan phun dy 30m 3.1.2. Cng trnh x trn chng l - Cng trnh x nc vn hnh l p b tng cao 70m, rng 106m c 2 tng: Tng di c 12 ca x y c kch thc 6x10m. Tng trn c 6 ca x mt kch thc 15x15m. Nng lc nc x ti a 35.400m3/s khi h cha mc nc gia cng - Ton b h thng nc x chy trn mi dc b tng rng 106m, di 400m, cao 70m. Pha cui c 7 mi phng nc, c tc dng lm gim ng nng ca dng chy, phng ra xa vo h tiu nng h lu, chng xi mn chn p Hnh nh ca p t v ca x l 3.2. Ca nhn - thot nc 3.2.1. Ca nhn nc Cao 70m, di 204m, rng 27m gm 8 ng dn nc vo cho 8 t Ca nhn nc my, mi ng c ng knh 8m vi dc l 45. Di cc ca nhn nc u c h thng li chn rc c tc dng ngn rc khng cho vo tua bin lm h hng thit b. Ngoi ra cn c 16 van sa cha s c tng ng cho 8 t my. Cc van ny V Mnh Tun - TH3 K51 khoa in trng H Bch Khoa HN 2

Bo co thc tp nhn thc - Nh my Thy in Ha Bnh c iu khin bng 4 b truyn ng thu lc t ti cao 119m, mi b cho 4 xi lanh ca 4 cch phai sa cha s c tng ng vi 2 t my Cc thng s: - ng knh trong xi lanh 450mm - ng knh cn xi lanh thu lc 220mm - Lc nng cch phai 300.103kg - Lc gi cch phai 250.103kg - p lc lm vic ca du trong xi lanh khi nng 261kG/cm3 - Hnh trnh y ca pttng 11,5m - Hnh trnh cng tc ca pttng 11,15m - Tc chuyn ng ca xi lanh: + Khi nng 0,37m/pht + Khi h 2,23m/pht - Thi gian nng mt cch phai: 30 pht . - Thi gian h mt cch phai: 5 pht . - Loi du s dng T22 hoc T 30 . - Th tch ton b xi lanh 13m3 Cm my bm t diu khin PHAIP-32/320-T3 c p lc nh mc l 320kG/cm3. Dng ng c in iu khin c cng sut 22kW, vi tc quay 1470vng/pht. c tnh k thut ca cc ca van sa cha s c gm chiu cao 10m, chiu ngang 4m, ti trng chnh ln ca van l 2303.103kg, lc nng tnh ton 290.103kg, trng lng 1 ca van l 92261kG. Nc c vo tour-bin bng 8 ng dn p lc ti cc t my, v thot ra bng cc ng dn p lc nc ra. 3.2.2. Ca thot nc Nc t ca nhn nc chy vo cc ng ng theo tng t my quay tua Ca thot nc bin v c thot ra bng 2 h thng: - My 1, my 2 thot ra theo hai ng tuy nn ra h mng h lu - 6 my cn li c hai my thot theo mt ng tuy nn dn nc ra h lu, mi tuy nn c ng knh 12m 3.3. H cha nc V Mnh Tun - TH3 K51 khoa in trng H Bch Khoa HN 3

Bo co thc tp nhn thc - Nh my Thy in Ha Bnh H cha nc ca thy in Ha Bnh c dung tch 9.45 t m3 trong dung tch phng l l 6 t m3, dung tch khai thc nng lng l 5.65 t m3. i i vi vic sn xut in, v ma kh nh my cn phi duy tr x xung h lu vi lu lng dng chy khng nh hn 680m3 m bo ngun nc ti tiu cho sn xut nng nghip vng h lu sng v sng Hng, ng thi ngn khng cho nc mn xm nhp cc ca sng, tng cng din tch canh tc cho nhn dn H cha nc Ha Bnh c mt thong ln nht l 308 km2 khi mc nc h dng cao 120m. Chiu di h 230km ko di ti bin gii Trung Quc, rng trung bnh khoang 1000m, su khong 50-60m. - Chiu cao ln nht: Hmax = 117m (khi dung tch cha >10 t m3) - Mc nc dn bnh thng: 115m - Mc nc cht ca h: 80m - Mc nc nh nht ca h: 75m - Mc nc gia cng: 120m - Mc nc cho php dng: 117m Hnh nh h Ha Bnh chp t v tinh 3.4. Khu vc gian my (cng trnh ngm) Tng din tch cng trnh thy in Ha Bnh l 1.796.300 m2 Trong : - Cng trnh chnh: 1.700.000 m2 - Cng trnh ph tr: 96.300 m2 Cng trnh ngm nm su trong ni vi din tch: 77.426m2 vi chiu di ng hm cc loi ~18km Gian my cch nh ni: 190m vi chiu di 240m, rng 19.5m cao 50.5m tiu tn 665.000m3 b tng ct thp C 8 t my, mi t my cng sut 240MW, tng cng sut lp t 1920MW. Cc bung thit b in v phng iu khin trung tm c ni vi gian my, song song vi gian my l cc gian bin p mt pha gm 24 my, mi my c dung lng 105MVA c u li vi nhau bng 8 khi theo 8 t my dng nng in p t 15.75kV ln 220kV. Sn lng in trung bnh hng nm l 8.16 t kwh Hnh nh gian my vi 8 t my 3.5. i tng nim i tng nim c t cch pha h lu cch cng trnh thy in Ha Bnh khong 300m. i tng nim c thit k thi cng nh mt hnh V Mnh Tun - TH3 K51 khoa in trng H Bch Khoa HN 4

Bo co thc tp nhn thc - Nh my Thy in Ha Bnh thp, kt cu bn trong l biu tng ca tuabin t my, tin snh c 6 cch vn rng, cc hng mc chi tit c b cc hi ha, mang m bn sc ca hai dn tc, hai nc Vit Nam Lin X (trc y), Vit nam Nga (hin nay) i tng nim c xy dng ghi nh cng lao ca tp th cn b cng nhn vin ngi Vit Nam cng nh cc chuyn gia Lin X c khc phc mi kh khn gian kh ca thi k qu , chng chi vi kh hu khc nghit ca vng rng ni Ha Bnh, quyt tm xy dng thnh cng cng trnh thy in Ha Bnh. y cn l ni vinh danh 168 CBCNVC (trong c 11 chuyn gia Lin X) ng xung v cng trnh thy in Ha Bnh, v dng in ngy nay ca t quc. i tng nim 168 CBCNVC

3.6. Khu qun th nh bo tng v bc th th k Nh bo tng l ni lu gi nhiu hin vt quan trng trong cc thi k xy dng v khai thc hiu qu cng trnh. y mi ngi c th thy c din bin cc cng vic trong qu trnh xy dng coog trnh bng cc hnh nh hin thc, cc m hnh my thit b thi cng, my cng c sa bn ton nh cng trnh, m hnh t my thy lc. c bit l hnh nh cc ng ch lnh o ca ng v Nh nc trong qu trnh ch o v thi cng cng trnh cng vi nhng ct mc lch s ca nh my y cn l ni lu gi bc th th k gi cho hu th mai sau c t trong khi b tng hnh chp ct i din c trng cho hng vn khi b tng c trng lng hng chc tn c nhng ngi th lao ng a xung lng sng ch ng con sng 3.7. Tng i ch tch H Ch Minh Tng i c xy dng trn i ng tng trn cao 185.6m. Tng i do tc gi, nh iu khc Nguyn V An ging vin trng i hc Kin Trc H Ni thit k. Phn sn i do chnh kin trc s ngi Nga SER REB RI AN SKI thc hin. Phn thit k chng st do ngnh h thng in khoa in trng H Bch Khoa HN thit k. V Mnh Tun - TH3 K51 khoa in trng H Bch Khoa HN 5

Bo co thc tp nhn thc - Nh my Thy in Ha Bnh Tng Bc cao 13.5m (tnh t dp cao su n nh u), b tng (phn sng nc my tri) cao 4.5m. Ton b khi tng cao 18m vi trng lng khong 400 tn cht liu lm bng b tng siu cao b tng Granit hng do vin vt liu xy dng nghin cu v thc hin theo yu cu cng trnh. Tng i c khi cng v xy dng vo ngy 08/1/1996 kt thc phn thi cng ngh thut cng ng vo ngy 08/1/1997

Tng i H Ch Minh

4. S qua v cc nhim v ca nh my thy in Ha Bnh 4.1. Nhim v chng l cho ng bng Bc B T khi a cng trnh thy in Ha Bnh i vo qun l, vn hnh, mi nm h cha nc Ha Bnh ct c t 4-6 trn l ln, c lu lng nh l t 5.000 22.650m3/s, m bo an ton cho vng h lu sng , sng Hng v th H Ni. c bit nh my thy in Ha Bnh ct trn l ln thng 8/1996 vi lu lng nh l 22.650m3/s. Vi nh l lc nh my ch x xung h lu 8.876m3/s, ct c 13.774m3/s (lu lng ny c gi li trn h) lm gim c mc nc ti Ha Bnh 2.2m, ti H Ni 0.8m ti thi im nh l. Dy l trn l ln nht sau 50 nm tr li y. Nh my thy in Ha Bnh ct l tht s c hiu qu m bo kinh t, an ton, V Mnh Tun - TH3 K51 khoa in trng H Bch Khoa HN 6

Bo co thc tp nhn thc - Nh my Thy in Ha Bnh Khng nhng th, h cha nc Ha Bnh gp phn iu ha kh hu cho c mt vng rng ln thuc cc tnh Lai Chu, Sn La, Ha Bnh v mt s tnh ln cn khc, gip nhng ni ny c mt kh hu n ha, mt m. 4.2. Pht in Ngay t khi t my s 1 ho mng li in quc gia (31/12/1988), nh my thu in bt u nng cao n nh, an ton v kinh t ca h thng in. V ngy 14/4/1994, vic a t my 8 ho li quc gia a cng sut lp t ca nh my ln ng vi thit k l 8x240 = 1920MW, vi vic ng in chnh thc cho h thng ti in siu cao p 500kV BcNam (27/5/1994) hnh thnh nn h thng quc gia thng nht, truyn ti in nng t min Bc vo min Trung v min Nam, trong ngun in ch lc l nh my thu in Ho Bnh. Nm 1994 in nng nh my chim gn 50% tng cng sut v 65% tng sn lng h thng in, tnh t ngy t my 1 a vo vn hnh ti nay nh my thu in Ho Bnh sn xut c 124 t kWh in. Sn lng in ca nh my hng nm chim t trng cao nht trong li in. 4.3. Giao thng vn ti Ci thin vic i li bng ng thy c thng v h lu. Nm 2004 cng trnh tng i chin thng in Bin Ph c vn chuyn ch yu bng con ng ny. Cn gi y vic ch nguyn vt liu xy dng thy in Sn La cng ch yu bng cc phng tin i trn h Ha Bnh 4.4. Ti tiu chng hn cho ng bng Bc B p thy in Ha Bnh c vai tr rt quan trng trong vic cung cp nc cho sn xut nng nghip vng h lu trong c ng bng sng Hng, nht l trong ma kh. Khng nhng iu tit mc nc sng m n cn c vai tr y nc mn ra xa khi cc ca sng, gip ngi dn ven bin ln bin v c thm din tch t canh tc

V Mnh Tun - TH3 K51 khoa in trng H Bch Khoa HN 7

Bo co thc tp nhn thc - Nh my Thy in Ha Bnh

V Mnh Tun - TH3 K51 khoa in trng H Bch Khoa HN 8