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Spatial Energy Research Stiffler Scientific Dr. Ronald Stiffler

Copyright (c) 2009 Dr. Ronald Stiffler. All rights reserved.Unauthorized Copying of this material is strictly forbidden.Violation of these Copyrights will be enforced.The circuits shown on this web site, unless otherwise disclaimed are the Intelectual Property of Dr. Ronald Stiffler.YOU CAN LINK TO THIS SITE - IF YOU COPY DATA FROM THIS SITE TO 'ANYWHERE' ELSE -YOU ARE IN VIOLATION OF MY RIGHTS.... ESEC - Exciter Stimulated Energy Coherence a UBO OscillatorThe Spatial Gate Project Archives

SEC ExcitersSEC Legacy CircuitsSEC Exciter CoilsSEC Exciter Coil BuildingExamples of G2 ExcitersECAT Energy Conversion by Articulated TransferCRE - Charge Recycle ElectrolyzerResearch Circuit BoardsContact Dr. Stiffler http://67.76.235.52/index.htm1 of 13/12/2009 11:12 PM

Electromagnetics Researches Created on 08-14-97 JLN Labs -

Last Update : 01-31-05 Toutes les informations et schmas sont publis gratuitement ( freeware ) et sont destins un usage personnel et non commercialAll informations and diagrams are published freely (freeware) and are intendedfor a private use and a non commercial use.

The Barkhausen Effect experimentThe Soliton Pulses Generator experiment The TEP : The Time Energy Pump project(Main principle) The TEP : A Theoretical proof of overunity The TEP V2.1The FirstThe TEP V2.2More adjustmentsThe TEP V3.0Energy tapping....The First try...Some TEP Experiments Towards free energy... Bifilar coils VS Bucking coils : an interesting test...

Bifilar coils testing : simple but interesting experiment...

The TEP's Bifilar coils design and test procedure.About The TEP V4.2x. The Advanced TEP ( A-TEP v1.0 ) design and tests TEP Project : Some reports and ideas from the TEP Team. TEP V5.0 - a parametric test . TEP V5.0a3 - a self-powered tests.TEP V6.0 design idea from Stefan Hartmann TEP V6.1 design idea from Stefan Hartmann TEP V 6.1a4 - Schemes and tests resultsTEP V6.1a5 - Non-linear time flowTEP V6.1a6 - The duty cycle testsTEP V6.20 - The duty cycle tests( 0.5%)TEP V7.0 - The Weird picturesTEP V7.0a1 - basic designTEP V7.2 - A Stephan Hartman proposalTEP 6.27-The Parametric TEP design and testingTEP 8.0-The Parametric Pump An Easy TEP Overunity demonstration circuit ( by Stefan Hartmann)The TEP Experimenters' feedback and comments Asuccessful replicationand tests of the TEP v1.1 device from David MasonSome latest TEP's picturesScalar waves - FAQ The Scalar Waves Simulator software

.The Parametric Power Conversion , a step towards Overunity...The Meyer-Mace solid state energy converter A Switched bifilar parametric circuit by Fred Epps The Magnetic Energy Pump Project : The SMEP v1.1 Others interesting tests and experiments :The Solid State Infinite Power Supply (IPS) from Ossie Callanan The EM Vortex generator devicediagram The G-Strain Energy Absorber - GSEA V 2.1 Diagrams and Tests The Scalar Waves Transmitter - SWT V1.0 - A weird experiment....The Smith Coil - design and tests The Rodin Coil - design and testsA possible Curl Free-A (FTL) Transceiverdiagram ( ? )Be carefull of artefacts with batteries :The Lead AcidBatteryPulse Generator

by Alastair Couper Others interesting developpements :The G.Watson's PMOD device - diagrams and tests The Motionless Electromagnetic Generator from Tom Bearden HEP testing Interesting documents : The Final Secret of Free Energy

by Tom Bearden Use of Step-Charged Capacitor as the Collector by Tom Bearden PRACTICAL OVERUNITY ELECTRICAL DEVICES

by Tom Bearden

The Bearden's Free Energy Collector explainedEffects on Local Spacetime and Local Vacuum

by Tom Bearden The Vacuum Triode Amplifier ( VTA ) from Floyd Sweet TheFloyd Sweet Vacuum Triode Amplifier

( explanations and construction details ) Patents list about Vector PotentialReturn to JLN LabsHome page JLN Labs - Scalar Waves Researchhttp://jnaudin.free.fr/html/scalwidx.htm1 of 13/13/2009 1:44 AM

Fig. 2. Professor D.S. Strebkov next to the historicmarker in honour of N. Tesla in Colorado-Springs, 27February 2004.Fig. 1. N. Tesla in his laboratory inColorado-Springs, 25 - 31 December 1899. [2]. The picture is published with the permission of N. Tesla's museumin Belgrade.Fig. 3. Electric circuit of N. Tesla's device for resonance systemof electric power

transmission[9]. Resonance methods of electric power transmission (Devoted to the memory of Nikola Tesla, /10 july 1856 7 january 1943/)D.S. Strebkov,Academy of Agricultural Sciences of the Russian FederationAll-Russian Institute for electrification of Agriculture1st Veshniakovsky proezd, 2, Moscow, 109456, Russia+7-495-171-19-20 One hundred seven years ago Nikola Tesla published the results of his experiments on the resonance method of electric power transmission [1, 2]. Today only a historic marker is left from his famous electrical laboratory in Colorado-Springs, USA (Fig. 1, 2); his patents are unknown,and Tesla's transformer was mentioned in manuals of electrotechnology only up to 1940 [3, 4].Resonance methods of electric power transmission were found useful for high frequencies in radio engineering and communication engineering and they are also used on low frequencies in electrothermics.In the beginning of the XX century, there were no diodes, transistors, lasers, TV and solar batteries; and threephase networks on frequency of 50-60 Hertz successfully coped with the task of transferring electric power in quantities ranging from some W to thousands of megaW for a distance of 100 - 1,000 kilometers [5]. Due to this, Tesla's works on electric power transmission have been gradually forgotten since his death [6].In connection with development of integrated power systems in Europe, North and South America andsuggestions on the creation of a global power grid of Earth, problems of designing devices for transmission teraWtranscontinental flow of electric power appeared [7, 8]. Problems of electromagnetic safety and reliability of powersupply along with the quickly growing cost of lands can be completely solved during the change from air transmissionfacilities to cable high-voltage lines. But cable systems of electric power transmission for a long distance are possibletoday only using direct current. The third method can interfere in the competition between systems of electric powertransfer using direct and alternating current: the resonance waveguide method of electric power transmission onheightened frequency, which was proposed by Tesla in 1897 for the first time [9].In the thirties of the XX century, the theoretical basis of the use of a single conductor as the waveguide in orderto transfer

electric power on high frequency was developed [10].Current in cylindrical waveguides is closed in the form of displacement currents flowing along the waveguide's axis; and current in the single waveguide is closedin the form of displacement currents in the environment around the conductor. In connection with the presence of a phase difference between, waves of current andvoltage, surface charges appear on the surface of the single opened conductor. They create coulomb exciting electric fields and these fields lead to the occurrence of coulomb currents in the conductor [11]. Thus, a potential electric field is generated in the conductor, which provides for charges transfer and current in the conductor.The described processes have an electrostatic nature and are accompanied by small losses in the conductor. If we take two capicators, one of them charged, andmake a closed circuit, the conduction current in the closed circuit will create Joulean losses in conductors connecting the capiators.However, if we connect a charged spherical capicators by a single conductor with an uncharged sphere, charges transfer from one sphere to another will not beaccompanied byJoulean losses. In this case, a circuit is opened and there are no conduction currents in there.Surface charges in the single conductor waveguide change in time and create a displacement current in the environment around the conductor, which is closed bya current in the conductor excited by the potential coulomb electric field. It is known that displacement currents, unlike conduction currents, are not accompanied by the generation of Joulean heat [12].No heat is extracted during current flow through the conductor excited by the voltage of the coulomb electric field.N. Tesla wrote that processes of electric power transfer in his resonance high-voltage systems have electrostatic nature and, due to creation of standing waves, have low losses.In the USSR, revival of resonance technologies of electric power transmission began from works of an engineer of the Ail-Union Electrotechnical Institute in the name of V.I. Lenin (VEI) S.V. Avramenko. In the eighties of the XX century, he developed and patented single-wire electric systems with a power of 10 - 100 Wand voltage of 1 - 100 kV. S.V.Avramenko used thyristor frequency converters of 1 - 30 Hertz and his own capacity of Tesla's step-up and step-down transformers in order to generate resonance. Since 1990, these works were developed in the All-Union Institute forElectrification of Agriculturale (VIESH), where S.V. Avramenko worked as an engineer (combining jobs) in the laboratory of electrical equipment use (the head of the laboratory was a candidate of technical science A.I. Nekrasov).In his patents [3, 4], S.V. Avramenko referred to N. Tesla's works, however, that time he did not know Tesla's patent [9] for the single-wire system, thus, he practically invented and made it again (Fig. 3, 4). S.V. Avramenko wrote [13, 14]:"It is necessary to say that energy transmission using a single wire was demonstrated by Nicola Tesla as long ago as in 1894.But no concrete information about the realization of this experiment is known". In fact, N. Tesla's patent [9] (Fig. 3) and numerous articles in [1], and also more than 300 pages containing the description of N. Tesla's experiments in hislaboratory in Colorado-Springs [2] contain large volumes of data on the single-wire resonance system (RS) of electric power transmission developed by N. Tesla. Fig. 4. Electric circuit of power supply of transmitting (a) and receiving (b) devices by Avramenko for resonance transfer of electric power [13]. {here andthen notations onfigures are explainedinthe text)

Obviously, at the time when S.V. Avramenko wrote his patents, he had no access to the works [1, 2, 9]. In order to rectify current and voltage in the one-wire line, S.V. Avramenko offered his famous "Avramenko plug", a diode-condenser block,

which was unknown to Teslabecause there were no diodes in XIX century. Still the "Avramenko plug" is a component of the known voltage-doubling circuit or monophase input of any bridge rectifier (Fig. 6). Fig. 5. S.V. Avramenko's plug for currentrectifying in the single-wire line [13]

Fig. 6. Circuit of voltage doubling (a) and circuitof monophase input of three-phase bridge rectifier (b).

Using properties of reactive cold plasma occurring as a result of the single-wire line's break, S.V. Avramenko developed and patented electro- plasma coagulator, which is successfully used in veterinary medicine, cosmetology and medicine [15, 16].Our acquaintance with S.V. Avramenko began after his letter addressed to the secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU Egor Ligachev, where S.V. Avramenko suggested using his invention for the development of the electric power supply of remote customers inrural regions with small line losses. E. Ligachev's instruction to investigate and prepare suggestions was transferred to VIESH through the head of department of the Ministry of Agriculture M.P. Kharin. A commission of VIESH's academic council was formed. S.V. Avramenkogave a speech in front of the commission and demonstrated the work of a fan with a 5 W electric motor and a lamp using an electric power transmission over the single-wire line from the power circuit of 220 V, 50 Hertz. Scientists of VIESH approved S.V. Avramenko's work andsuggested using the new method for the electric power supply of remote rural regions. S.V. Avramenko was invited to continue working on the resonance single-wire electric system in the VIESH department of electric power supply and the Academy of Agricultural Sciencesassigned 100,000 roubles for the development of equipment and conducting of research. Using this money, transmitting and receiving blocks of the resonance electric system with power of 100 W and voltage of 10 kV were produced in VIESH with the assistance of S.V.Avramenko.In the nineties, D.S. Strebkov was invited to N. Tesla's museum by a director of the Institute of Chemical Current Sources in Belgrade, Doctor Petar Rakin. With his financial support, D.S. Strebkov visited the museum and got three volumes of Tesla's works in English,which were prepared for publication by the museum, including [1, 2]. The study of N. Tesla's patents and articles helped to considerably hasten and develop works on resonance methods of electric power transfer made in VIESH.Since the "umbrella" patent of S.V. Avramenko was obtained in the USA and other countries, we prepared the first patents of the Russian Federation for RS use in mobile energy engineering. VIESH has been developing electric tractors with cable power supply for manyyears, and we decided that the use of RS would allow decreasing the weight of the cable drum from 3 tones to 30 - 50 kg and improving the reliability of mobile aggregate's power supply.We have invited S.V. Avramenko as a co-author in all patents of the Russian Federation (more than 10 of patent applications were filed by VIESH) as he had been an initiator of RS in Russia.On the 31st of March 2003, S.V. Avramenko unexpectedly died of stroke. He was a talented Russian electrical engineer and a propagandist of Tesla's works. S.V. Avramenko made much for the popularization of N. Tesla's ideas (Fig. 7).

Fig. 7. Testing of the resonance RS-20 in VIESH onthe 16th of December 2002.Fromright to left: D.S. Strebkov, A.I. Nekrasov, S.V. Avramenko, O.A. Roschin .

He was an excellent electric engineer and, in his experiments, demonstrated the abilities of the singlewire electric system to transfer electric power with small losses over tungsten wire with a diameter of 10 micrometers. In the nineties, in VIESH, the testing of a single-wire line made of plastic fishing-line with a diameter of 1 mm covered by an aluminium film with thickness of 0.4 micrometers was carried outusing the device of S.V. Avramenko with power of 100 W. Then, a quartz fiber-optic line with a diameter of l mm covered with an aluminium protective layer was tested as a single-wire line. After that, D.S.Strebkov suggested using layers of water, soil, oxide conductive films on the basis of oxides of indium and tin (ITO) on a glass surface as the single-wire lines. Successful experiments were conducted and patentsof the Russian Federation were obtained. In 2000, D.S. Strebkov suggested using laser beams in the atmosphere and ionosphere in order to create a pipe in resonance system of electric power supply of aircraftsand the Earth. Afterwards he obtained a patent for the use of an electronic beam in order to transfer electric power in space and energy exchange between spacecrafts and earth with the help of counter-laser-electronic beams.

In 2001, VIESH accepted with thanks an offer of the deputy director general of "Surgutgazprom" company ES. Burganov to develop a prototype of RS with an electric power of 20 kW. At that time, VIESH had a prototype with a power of 100 W and it happened to be a rather serious problem to create a system with a powerof 20 kW in a brief period of time. We had to completely change the design of the resonance transformers made by S.A. Avramenko and make the transformer's characteristics more similar to Tesla's transformers. We also had to develop new elements of the resonance circuit and their set up methods.

The operation principle of RS is based on the use of two resonance circuits with a frequency of 0.5 - 50 kilohertz and a single-wire line between the circuits (Fig. 8) with a line voltage of 1 - 1000 kilovolt during the resonance operation mode. Electric power transmission is carried out with the help of alternating electrostaticfield, that is why Joulean losses in the line are minimal. Fig. 8. Electric circuit of RS1 - frequency converter; 2 - resonance circuit of step-uptransformer; 3 single-wire line;4 - resonance circuit of step-downtransformer; 5 - rectifier-inverter; 6 load Any conductor can be used as the single-wire waveguide, for example, a steel wire or any other conducting medium, which plays the role of s a guide of electric power flowing from the generator to the receiver.In order to adjust a standard electric power supply system with the suggested one, matching devices and transformers are developed, which are set in the beginning and in the end of the

single-wire line and allow using standard electrical equipment of direct and alternatingcurrent at the inlet and outlet.An industrial 25 kW frequency converter, which was used by us for designing the new device, had water cooling. It was inconvenient for autonomous use. In order to obtain a three- phase network of 50 Hertz at the outlet of the system, design of a P-22 frequency converter was changed and improved and three monophasechokes for operation with a load module made of an incandescent lamp were produced. RS with a power of 20 kW was successfully tested in VIESH and at KS-5 object owned by "Surgutgazprom" company in Tumen region [17] (Fig. 9).

The testing results for RS-20 are given in Table 1.

The developed design solutions laid the foundation for production of resonance systems with a power of 100 - 1,000 kW.Advantages and possible fields of application of RS are the following [18].

Fig. 9. Frequency converter andresonance circuit of transmittinghigh-voltage transformer with electrical power of 20 kW, 10 kV. Table 1. Testing results of resonance system with electrical power of 20 kW esonance methods of electric power transmissionhttp://www.viesh.ru/Development%20of%20Resonance%20methods%20of%20electric%20 power%20transmission.htm1 of 23/13/2009 1:32 AM

Electrical power with load, kW 20.52Current, ampere 54Voltage, V 380Line voltage, kV 6.8Line frequency, kilohertz 3.4Line length 6 m 1,7 kmDiameter of line wire 0.08 mm 1 mmMaximal effective current density by unit of squareof line conductor's cross-cut, ampere/mm 2 600Maximal specific electric outputin single-wire line, MW/mm 2 4 Scope of the use of resonance single-wire energy system 1. Electric power supply of agricultural and rural settlements.2. Single-trolley and single-conductor cable hybrid electric-transport.3. Fundamentally new single-electrode electrical devices and plasmatrons:

electric cultivators, water and sewage disinfection, ozone production, veterinary plasma coagulators and scalpels. Advantages of resonance method of electric power transmission 1. Electric power is transferred with the help of reactive capacitive current in the resonance mode. Unauthorized use of the energy is made difficult.2. Aluminium and copper content in the wire can be reduced by 5 times.3. Electric power losses are small in the single-wire line, and electric power can be transmitted for long distances.4. Short circuits are impossible in the single- wire cable and it cannot cause fire.In VIESH, the development of resonance methods of electric power transmission is being carried out by radio engineer A.N. Karamzin, electrical engineers A.I. Antonenko, V.V. Shemiakin, O.A. Roschin, L.Y. Yuferev, V.Z. Trubnikov, A.B. Sivtsov, G.S. Liapin, and V.I. Volosatov. Talented Russian scientists, candidates of technical sciences Zayev and V.I. Verutin are working on these problems. Doctor of technical sciences A.P. Korshunov and candidate of technical sciences V.N. Shabarov are developing technical and economic characteristics of RS.President of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences academician G.A. Romanenko, Corresponding Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences A.F. Dyakov and N.S. Lidorenko, a deputy minister of energy of the Russian Federation V.S. Stanev and the head of technological progress department of Ministry of energy of Russia P.P. Bezrukih visited laboratory of VIESH and attended on RS testing. A deputy director general of "Surgutgasprom" company F.S.Byrganov, the deputy chief of energy department of "Gazprom" company O.A. Kuznetsov rendered assistance in production of the prototype RS-l0 kW.In the laboratory of VIESH, a small pool is demonstrated, where fish live and a model of an electric river boat sails generating electric power from spring water (Fig. 10).Electromagnetic waves in certain frequency range are poorly absorbed by seawater and soil and, therefore, can be used in the system of underwater and underground information transmission. Weakening of electromagnetic waves in sea water is [19]:a.(f) = 0.00345f decibel/m (3.8)At a frequency of 100 Hertz attenuation at a sea depth of 300 m will be 90 decibel.Our experiments show that not only electronic information but also electric power can be transferred over seawater and the ground. The resonance single-wire system of energy transmission has considerable advantages in comparison with the transmission of electromagnetic waves in air [20]. First of all, this is high efficiencyof energy transmission (more than 85%) when using rather simple electrical equipment. High efficiency is conditioned by the presence of a resonance pipe between the generator and the receiver. The second important difference is connected with the resonance power station not needing to receive and transmit aerials. It is onlynecessary to provide for resonance in high-voltage and low-voltage of Tesla's transformer winding. This means that, for example, a submarine vessel can generate energy from water not lifting up any scanner assemblies.The third important conclusion is that, in order to transmit energy, no air transmission facilities are needed. They are the main source of the disruption of service caused by ice-crusted ground, hurricanes, fires, and earthquakes. Future energy engineering will use reliable and safe underground and underwater single-wire cablelines and also seawater and the ground as the single-wire resonance line.N. Tesla wrote: "Perhaps the most significant application of wireless energy engineering will be the power supply of aircrafts, which will move without fuel". [6]. Scientific ideas and patents stated in [18] allow beginning practical realization of no fuel aircrafts and making possible things, which could not be predicted by Tesla:to provide for resonance energy transmission

over an electron beam between spacecrafts and, over counter laser,microwave and electronic beams, between the Earth and space objects.N. Tesla believed that his resonance methods of electric power transmission will be widespread in the future. The same belief has been supporting us during our work. We will see what will change in the electric power engineering in one hundred years. Our forecasts on the development and use of resonance waveguidemethods of electric power transmission can be summarized as the following: Air transmission facilities will be substituted by underground waveguide systems. Electrical machines-robots with active labour bodies will operate at agricultural plantations. A global solar energy system generating electric power, hydrogen fuel and heat for every person on Earth will be created. Liquid fuel and gas will be generated from the biomass of agricultural plantations. Spacecrafts will be launched from Earth using electrical jet propulsion. They will have a ratio of payload mass to launching mass 80 - 90% instead of today's 5%. Power supply of aircrafts in space and transmission of electric power to mobile objects on Earth will be made by wireless methods Resonance methods will be used for medical treatment of people and animals, extermination of weeds (instead of pesticides), drinking water and waste disinfection, creation of new especially pure materials (first of all, solar silicon), and hydrogen production.

Fig. 10. Testing of the river boat model in VIESH's laboratory using tap water as the single- wire waveguide. The transmitting block has an electrical power of 100 W and a voltage of 1 kV.

The twentieth century was the last century of cheap energy. The age of cheap energy came to an end and new energy technologies are necessary to provide for sustainable future development. New energy technologies will not use fossil fuel. The global solar energysystem [8] consisting of three 2,5 TW solar power plants 210

210km each located in Australia, Africa and North America will be able to provide for electric power, hydrogen fuel and heat all Earth's regions twenty-four hours a day for a million years and turn all electricpower stations using fossil fuel into a class of emergency power plants. Maximal efficiency of solar cells achieved in laboratories is industry 20% and their practical tenure of employment is 50 years.In order to make the global solar system operate, it is necessary to organize transcontinental teraW flow of electric power. Resonance technologies of electric power transmission can be used for creating the global energy system. Mankind will be able to unite andconcentrate its energy reserves and technologies in order to create adequate living conditions for every person and realization of important scientific and technical projects on Earth and in space. References 1. Tesla N. Lectures. Patents. Articles. Published by N. Tesla Museum. Beograd, 1956, 715 pp.2. Nikola Tesla. Colorado Springs Notes 1899-1900. Published by Nolit. Beograd, 1978, 437 pp.3. Malov N.N.

Course of electrotechnology and radio engineering for teacher's training colleges. State Pedagogical Training Publishing House. M., 1938. p. 125.4. Kalinin E.B. Research on overvoltage in electrical facilities. M., 1936. p. 65-66.5. Alexandrov G.N., Smolovic S.V. Flexible lines for electric energy transmission over long distances // V Symposium "Electrical Engineering - 2010" (October 12- 22, 1999, Moscow region). P. 35-42.6. Trinkans G. Tesla - The Lost Inventions. Vantage Press, 1988, 32 pp.7. Electricity transmission of direct and alternating current of extrahigh voltage. Electrotechnical reference book. V. 3. M., 2002. P.196-197.8. Strebkov D.S., Irodionov A.E. Global Solar Power System // Eurosun 2004. 14. Intern. Sonnen Forum, 20 - 23 June 2004, Frieburg, Germany. Val 3, PV systems and PV Cells. P. 3-336 - 3-343.9. US Patent 593138. Electrical transformer / Tesla N. 02.11.1897.10. Meinke H., Gundles F. Single wire as a waveguide system. Electrotechnical reference book. M. - L., 1960. V.1. p. 188.11. Sotnikov V.V. Sources of coulomb field in conductors and their influence on electric current // Izvestiya AN. Energetika.2002.1. p. 104-111.12. Tamm E.I. Fundamental theory of electricity. M. Nauka, 1976. p. 133, 397-400.13. Patent of the Russian Federation 2108649. Method of power supply of electrical devices and device for its implementation / Avramenko S.V. // 1998. #41.14. European Patent 639301. Apparatus and method for single - wire electrical transmission / Avramenko S.V. // European Patent Bulletin 97136. September 1997.15. Patent of the Russian Federation 2100013. Device for tissue coagulation / Avramenko S.V., Stupin N. V. //1995. #36.16. Strebkov D.S., Nekrasov A.I., Avramenko S.V., Avramenko K.S. Cold-plasma electric coagulator //Mechanization and electrification of agriculture. 2002.#2. p. 19-20.17. Avramenko S.V., Burganov F.S., Nekrasov A.I., Roschin O.A., Strebkov D.S. Research on single-wire energy system with electric power of 20 kW // VII symposium "Electrotechnology - 2010". Perspective types of electrical equipment for transmission and distribution of electric energy. (27-29 of May 2003, Moscow region).Collection of reports. Volume 1.2.16. M., 2003, p. 163-169.18. Strebkov D.S., Nekrasov A.I. Resonance methods of electric energy transmission. Publishing house of Russian Academy of Agricultural Science, M., 2004. p. 185.19. Nefedov V.I. Fundamental radio electronics and connection. M. Vyshaya shkola. 2002, p. 17.20. Didenko A.N. Microwave energy. Theory and practice. M.: Nauka, 2003, 446. esonance methods of electric power transmissionhttp://www.viesh.ru/Development%20of%20Resonance%20methods%20of%20electric%20 power%20transmission.htm2 of 23/13/2009 1:32 AM

Stiffler Scientific

ECATEnergy Conversion by Articulated Transfer Dr. Ronald Stiffler (c) 1993-2008 Dr. Ronald Stiffler. All Rights Reserved.

An ECAT circuit variation with a large air core coil in the background Shown on this page are some of the first ECAT circuits I built in 1993-1994 while on the team of the Advanced Technology Group. The circuits consisted of air core coils varying in size and winding configuration. The underlying ECAT theory was to use cross phasing of variousfrequencies in such a way as to produce a virtual energy pump thereby providing an anomalous power gain within the circuit.From 1993 through the first half of 1996, hundreds of coils and winding designs were tried. For the most part the work was empirical in its beginning stages, little substantiated science was available from which to base my work.A poly-phasing transformer with its special core design and inductive cancellation is shown next to the load lamp on the right Various researchers in the so-called Free Energy 1 area have focused on various configurations of pulse capture circuits where the back EMF of an inductor was thought in some way to capture energy from the ether and add it back into the circuit, thereby presenting gain. As with anyfree-minded group the Fee Energy folks seemed totally against ever duplicating in detail a particular circuit offering by me, and for whatever reason used modified designs or components hoping there magic was just as powerful as the original experimenter. This resulted in manyInternet published attempts at duplicating one or more of the ECAT circuits and of course leading to total failure by those trying.One design that was an off shoot of the initial ECAT research (although never acknowledged as such) was the TEP 2 or the 'Time Energy Pump'. The TEP design was in its own right a good look into the possibility of using solid state devices in a closed loop, yet it fell short of sustainedusable excess energy.Another researcher that worked with TEP designs can be found at CTG Labs 3 .There is one so-called acid test proposed by those wishing to suppress certain research, using applied terms such as 'Over Unity', a condition where (Output/Input or (COP 4 ) > 1). This proclaimed test states that such a device must self-run, producing an unlimited source of powerwithout any external input energy. This proposed test is totally a diversion from the truth and is proposed as a way for energy utilities, suppliers and regulators to hide or otherwise discredit valid research in this area.Let me try to explain in somewhat simple terms what the last paragraph is really about and why I can show that the so-called acid test is invalid. You need to form a mental picture of two areas separated by an infinite wall and a large door between the two areas. On the other side of the door is endless potential energy in the form of a high-speed wind. On your side you have a wind generator just waiting for a wind to begin providing you with electricity. All that is needed is to open the door and allow the wind to drive your wind generator and you have an endlesssupply of electricity. So far it seems simple enough, just push the door open, get the generator working and use some of the

produced electricity in a device to keep the door open. It won't work this way and I hope I can present a clear picture of just why it will not.ECAT depends on what I call 'Poly-Phasing', the capturing external (virtual) energy during a critical phase of the trigger pulse.The following picture is of the large air core power coil with inner load coil. A neon bulb held within the power coil will indicate a high voltage electric field. If one were to replace the power coil and the load coil with similar transformer configuration on a conventional core, thisECAT design would not show the effect of external energy capture. So what is Polyphasing? Another example is in order, assume you are standing on a crowed street corner in New York City, where the ambient noise would be defining, yet you would be able to hear and identify individual sounds at different sound levels (pressures) and frequencies.The sound you hear is a mix of all audible sounds around you, some weak, some normal and some extreme in loudness. If you could in some way selectively pick certain sounds and properly phase them, you could arrive at a sound pressure greater than any one of the individual sounds.This is ECAT, it coheres the energy around it in such a way that it can be absorbed by its air core coil, resulting in an overall increase in kinetic energy.The basic ECAT circuit with the polyphasing transformer which is the center point this ECAT design nergy Conversion by Articulated Transferhttp://67.76.235.52/ecat2004.asp1 of 43/13/2009 1:43 AM

This ECAT design is operated at a respectable frequency of 4.3Khz, the trigger frequency and resulting sub frequency on which the power harmonics are developed. The polyphasing transformer is of a Theta core design and is made from a material that saturates at a desired saturationpoint. The space between the power coil and the load coil is the area from which the additional energy is absorbed.This ECAT circuit is initialized with a 12V DC supply, either battery or some form of converter. The driver pulse 50% duty cycle supplied from a conventional generator or solid state multi-vibrator and drives a single MOSFET transistor.The test points are indicated in the upper left corner of each image Conventional electronic engineering considers spurious phenomenon an unwanted artifact and uses various methods of filtration and feedback to cancel and remove such phenomenon. By today's standards this ECAT circuit is considered to be a very poorly designed switching circuit. nergy Conversion by Articulated Transferhttp://67.76.235.52/ecat2004.asp2 of 43/13/2009 1:43 AM

In my initial ECAT work, when transformers were changed from air core to core material (ferrite's or metallic) the potential for seeing anomalous power gains disappeared, until the following design was developed.After considerable work with the new ECAT design a workable unit was designed that drives a 120V @12W lamp bulb. The matching transformer used to interface to the 120 volt bulb is a standard 60hz design and suffers considerable loss when running under the high frequency of ECAT. This transformer loss will be eliminated with a proper high frequency design, but currently the 60Hz form wastes some 6 watts of the total input power of 8.25 watts.This ECAT variation has an input power of 8.25 watts and supplies 12 watts to the light bulb as shown and suffers a loss in the conversion transformer of some 6 watts. Therefore the total power produced by this ECAT is 18.11 watts for an

input of 8.25 watts. The power gain istherefore 18.11 / 8.25 = 2.194The following picture show this ECAT in operation.The next photo shows ECAT and its 12 watt ligh bulb before power is applied.The next photo is another closeup of ECAT driving the 12 watt lamp.In the preceding photo, notice the strange light at the bottom of the bulbs filament. This light is from high voltage arcing at the base of the bulb.The input power rails are stabilized with both 0.01uf ceramic capacitors along the rails and one very large 2kuf capacitor to insure the voltage does not contain low ripple or high frequency components.Considerable design information was obtained during tests arriving at this point in ECAT history. The following scope photos show what is seen at the switching MOSFET drain during the OFF cycle of the pulsed operation. As can be seen, the excess energy capture occurs during theOFF period of the MOSFET. nergy Conversion by Articulated Transferhttp://67.76.235.52/ecat2004.asp3 of 43/13/2009 1:43 AM

In earlier ECAT designs (top of page) one can see that a large heat sink was used on the MOSFET driver, while in this design one can see that the heat sink has been drastically reduced in size and is only required should the load be disconnected from the circuit. During a load conditionthe quiescent current is only 90ma, yet if the load is mismatched, the current can go well over 1amp and the MOSFET begins to heat. Under normal operation the MOSFET and its heat sink is cool (not cold like the transformer) but cool.With addition of an HF matching transformer the following scope photo is what is seen on the secondary of this matching transformer. As can be seen the secondary voltage is quite high and the pulse shape is more uniform than with the older 60Hz transformer. REFERENCES (1) Free Energy groups are prevalent on the Internet and one very active and indicative group can be found athttp://www.overunity.com(2) TEP or 'Time Energy Pump' by J.L. Naudin can be viewed at this researchers web site,http://jnaudin.free.fr/html/scalwidx.htm (3) CTG Labs 3 TEP research can be found athttp://www.ctglabs.com/time_energy_pump_project.htm(4) COP stands for Coefficient of Performance.(5) Copyright 1993-2007 Stiffler Scientific. All rights reserved.Revised: 01/01/2007nergy Conversion by Articulated Transferhttp://67.76.235.52/ecat2004.asp4 of 43/13/2009 1:43 AM

Spatial Energy Research Stiffler Scientific Dr. Ronald Stiffler

Copyright (c) 2009 Dr. Ronald Stiffler. All rights reserved.Unauthorized Copying of this material is strictly forbidden.Violation of these Copyrights will be enforced.The circuits shown on this web site, unless otherwise disclaimed are the Intelectual Property of Dr. Ronald Stiffler.YOU CAN LINK TO THIS SITE - IF YOU COPY DATA FROM THIS SITE TO 'ANYWHERE' ELSE YOU ARE IN VIOLATION OF MY RIGHTS.... The 'Spatial Gate' is the AC (Alternating Current) equivalent of the AV Plug used in many SEC Exciter Circuits.Where DC (Direct Current) is not required, the 'Spatial Gate' produces high voltage AC which can be as much as 30% greater than what can be obtained from a single AV Plugarrangement.The following picture is a prototype 'Spatial Gate' and in this case the gate is constructed from Copper Tubing. http://67.76.235.52/sgate.htm1 of 13/13/2009 12:52 AM

Alternative Energy Research Utilizing Spatial Energy Coherence Dr. Ronald Stiffler Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Dr. Ronald Stiffler. All rights reserved.Unauthorized Copying of this material is strictly forbidden.Violation of these Copyrights will be enforced.

ESEC The following image shows an 18 diode Coherence Converter, one of the first ESEC circuits tested. Just behind the diode strip can be seen the copper screen that was wrapped around the charge capacitor and connected to the Exciter coil with the silver alligator clip. The ground connection is at the top left corner of the board.The circuit diagram for this circuit is seen in Fig: 6. Fig: 1 The following image shows the back of the Coherence Board of Fig: 1 and shows the 1KuF capacitor wrapped with the copper screen. Fig: 2 In the initial experiments the charge capacitor was excited by excitation of a copper screen or sheet wrapped around the insulating cover over the capacitor body. In the beginning it was felt that the insulating cover would offer a layer ofprotection and reduce a possible arc over into the capacitor itself.In the following image the various capacitors that were tested are shown. The unit with the screen over it is a 120uF/330V photo flash capacitor. The other capacitors were 10uF, 220uF, 470uF and 1000uF. It should be noted that all capacitorsin the first experiments were of the Radial type.

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In the following image I show a 120uF/330V photo flash capacitor with the plastic covering removed. In all of the capacitors tested none had an electrical connection from the capacitor itself to the aluminum can enclosing the capacitor. Fig: 4 The following circuit diagram is of one of the early test configurations.In the first series of tests the input voltage to the SEC Exciter was kept low until it could be determined if arcing might take place within the capacitor because of the high RF excitation. Fig: 5 Once it was determined that it was safe and would not affect the charging of the capacitor, a direct connection from the exciter to the capacitor container was used in place of the copper screen or sheet.The following circuit is similar to Fig: 5, but does reflect the direct connection to the exterior of the capacitor and not a copper wrapping. Fig: 6 The primary problem with the ESEC circuit is the extremely high impedance that must be maintained on the output in order to allow the charge capacitor to charge rapidly to a high voltage.If a single set of charging diodes are connected to a physically large capacitor or a number of smaller capacitors in parallel, the physical mass of the units will decrease the effective charge voltage and overall charge time of the system.Additionally I found that it is far more effective to use many smaller valued and small physically sized capacitors than fewer larger ones.Because of the high impedance that must be maintained and the fact that the charging capacitors do not work well with any common connection between units (except excitation) result in a complex engineering problem on how to used thestored energy.The following image shows one attempt at pulling the energy from to capacitors using a common ground between them and isolation diodes into a single SIDAC that switched into a 7W incandescent bulb as a load.The common ground shared by the two circuits prevented the capacitors from charging to their full potential. Even with the isolation diodes the first capacitor to reach a voltage able to fire the SIDAC set the maximum voltage of the secondcapacitor. The circuit configuration did not result in an equal load sharing by the two capacitors.You can also see in the picture that this was an early in the experiments in that the copper screen was used in coupling to the capacitors. Fig: 7 http://67.76.235.52/e_seg01.htm2 of 173/12/2009 11:17 PM

The diagram shown in Fig:8 is a refined ESEG and shows that the diode converter can be reduced to just two diodes. The circuit shows a simple way to use the charge from the charge capacitor as it uses one SIDAC and a 7W incandescentbulb as a load.Another interesting point that is different is that the input to the diode converter can be either a earth ground or a long wire (antenna) but in reality a counterpoise. Fig: 8 \The circuit shown below in Fig: 9 is the diagram of the experiment shown in Fig: 7 where two capacitors were charged and fed into a single SIDAC by two isolation diodes. The primary difference between this circuit and Fig: 7 is that only twodiodes are used in each converter.It should further be noted that each capacitor has a complete set of diodes even though the commons of each capacitor are connected together. During the experiments it was found that charge efficiency decreased when only a single diodewas used in the ground leg of the charging circuit. Fig: 9 As stated earlier this configuration caused the lowest valued capacitor to be the set point for the charge. In other words if capacitor C1 were 1/2 the value of C2, C2 would never charge to the same voltage as C1 and this is best explained bythe simple time constant formula of T= RC where for C1 T= 1/2 of C2.One may ask at this point what the difference is in the following two circuits. Fig: 10Fig: 11 Simply stated the primary difference is that in the circuit of Fig: 11 the SEC Exciter is directly charging the dielectric of capacitor C1 through the diode converter. Whereas in the circuit of Fig: 10 the SEC Exciter is only providing the bias orexcitation to allow C1 to be charged from the earth ground or the counterpoise connected to the diode converter.There should be a significant difference realized in the input energy of the circuit in Fig: 10 as being less as opposed to that in Fig: 11 to obtain the same charge on C1.Now having shown all of the preceding circuits I must show the simplest of the Exciter stimulated charging circuits. Fig: 11a http://67.76.235.52/e_seg01.htm3 of 173/12/2009 11:17 PM

You can see at once in the circuit of Fig: 11a that a ground connection is not used at the junction of diodes D1 and D2. This variation in performed experiments was found to charge C1 at a consistent rate of ~2.5 volts per second.Looking at Fig: 11a the question almost always asked is; 'Why not just use one diode?' The answer to that question is fairly simple, 'It does not work with one diode'. The reason for this is explained later in this paper.In a one diode circuit as shown in the following diagram, the charge rate is about 2mV per seconds and in most case will stop charging at one volt or just under one volt.

Fig: 11b The diodes used in Fig: 11a and 11b were 1N4148's from Vishay. A second point of interest is that even though the capacitor will not charge properly with one 1N4148 (with forward drop of ~0.6->0.7 volts) it will indeed charge very rapidlywith two Germanium diodes which have a combined forward voltage drop less than one 1N4148.Not to diverge from the primary topic, yet this is the appropriate time to bring into focus a circuit that has stirred interest for some time and may indeed hold a position of promise.The circuit is a passive circuit and a SEC Exciter is not part of the operation, rather the potential to drive the system comes from the simple connection to a conventional AC Service ground wire as shown in the following diagram.*It should be noted that connection to either the 'Hot' or 'Neutral' wires, provides no operational advantage and presents a hazard and the potential of possibly serious electrical shock or death. The service ground connection is the connectionof choice. Fig: 12 The diagram of Fig: 12 may look like a party joke to many people, but this simple circuit can cohere useful energy at no cost (other than components).Capacitor C1 can range from 10uF to 100uF and is of the electrolytic type. The charge obtained by a 100uF capacitor over a period of 100 minutes is shown in the following table. Table: 1 Time/Min Voltage/C100104.10206.72308.934010.785012.286013.557014.688015.549016.2810017.53Granted that 15.37mJ is a small amount of collected energy after 100 minutes, except for the fact that this is a totally passive collection system.A graph of data from the table of Fig: 13 appears to deviate from what would be expected and the charge appears to be almost linear after the ~12 minute point. Fig: 14 http://67.76.235.52/e_seg01.htm4 of 173/12/2009 11:17 PM

This simple circuit can lead to a lot of speculation on just how it is operating and where the energy that charges C1 actually comes from.One of the often mentioned sources is inductive coupling from the other wires in the AC service line and this could indeed contribute to the resulting charge, except that if the circuit is connected directly to the 'Hot' wire of the service whereit sees a potential of ~120VAC, the charge rate does not change all that much and stays well within a +/- 10% measurement accuracy.If we were looking entirely at 60Hz/120VAC as the charging source we must ask if ?V/?T can actually be applied?A second view on the source uses the potential difference between the Earth itself and the Atmosphere surrounding it, very similar to a number of circuit's patented by Tesla where he indicated charge on a capacitor obtained between anantenna and earth ground. Although the circuit indicated here does not use the same connections as that of Tesla.In the following image the Earth and the charge

circuit is shown and one thing should be immediately noted and that is that the indicated depiction would be a DC circuit and ?V/?T would not apply. Fig: 15 If we look a little further into the circuit from Fig: 15 we would tend to agree that the diodes and capacitor should present a larger charge as the circuit is moved higher and higher in a vertical direction from the earths surface and the groundconnection. In this same line of thinking one would assume the charge would be very small if the circuit was at the same level as the ground connection. This assumption is incorrect.Another variation of the circuit in Fig: 15, follows in Fig: 16. In the circuit of Fig: 16 counterpoise wires are added to the capacitor connections. If you insist on calling these wires antennae, that idea is quickly shown to be wrong as explained inthe following. Fig: 16 In Fig: 16 you can see two wires labeled Cp1 and Cp2 and they form a counterpoise for the charging circuit. The length of these wires is usually less or equal to 1 meter for each. Increasing the length beyond the one-meter can actually start toreduce the charge rate rater than increase it as might be expected.The length of the counterpoise wires is of less influence on the charge rate than is the mass of the wires. In most cases shorter yet larger diameter wire will work much better than a longer small diameter wire.The idea that the two wires are antennae is rather quickly refuted when the wires themselves can be replaced by blocks of Aluminum or Copper of small length, width and thickness dimensions. Indicating that mass rather than wavelength ofa wire is a greater influence in the amount and rate of charge in the circuit. Fig: 17 The diagram shows four capture capacitors labeled C1 through C4 and a charge master capacitor labeled Cm across which a Load is connected. The switches S1 through S4 are double pole normally open and in operation are closed in arotating order, following a S1, S2, S3 then S4 and back to S1 to start the rotation over.To show that a circuit configuration as shown in Fig: 17 would work, manual switches could be used although the energy available on the master capacitor Cm would be very erratic from such manual operation, yet it will show the idea to befeasible.Before continuing on with the Exciter powered circuits we need to revisit the Ground powered systems of which basic examples are shown in Fig: 15 & 16. The next diagram is the same as the preceding powered circuit, except the capacitorsare charged solely from the Earth Ground connection. Fig: 18 http://67.76.235.52/e_seg01.htm5 of 173/12/2009 11:17 PM

Again as with the Exciter powered circuit of Fig: 17, the feasibility of this circuit can be proven by manual operation of the charge transfer switches.One critical point so far in both the circuits of Fig: 17-18, is

that each capture capacitor is fully isolated from the others and this is why the diagrams are shown with the DPST switches. At the present time in the research I have always lostcapture efficiency in trying to reduce parts count by removing the capacitor isolation and making for example the Ground of the capacitors common.Refering back to Fig: 7, I was able in that case to obtain sufficient energy to power the 7W lamp by making the capacitor common except for the isolation by way of the diodes into the SIDAC. This is now the correct point in this paper to review a couple of the Tesla circuits.In Fig: 19 it is difficult to be sure do to the poor quality of the diagram, but I feel that the relay was configured as a buzzer or a self make/break configuration (oscillator). I was never sure what the device to the far right was as the icon does notmatch that of what is and was used for a capacitor during the time period although the caption would suggest that it was a spark gap. Additionally I am not sure of the component above the relay contacts; it could be a spring or a resistance(load).Even though the diagram is incomplete, much information can be obtained from it that can be merged with the research I have done to show many similarities. Fig: 19Fig: 20 The following Tesla circuit is a bit better in it completeness and does indicate that he used a relay in the make/break auto oscillation mode to perform the chopped switching of the capacitor charge into what appears to be the load (the roundball connected to the ground of the relay). I am not sure what the device is that is shown by the circle in the upper part of the battery circuit, it could have been an indicator light to show the operation of the relay. Fig: 21 The following circuit diagram is from a test I did in 1995 after seeing some of the Tesla work. What I did may be a bit overboard in that it is far more complicated than the preceding Tesla diagrams, yet I desired better control and did not wantarcing or large magnetic fields to become involved in the results.Close examination of my circuit in Fig: 21 will show that I am simply driving and AV Plug from the excitation of an antenna of relative short length (approximately 1.5 Meters) and of course a real and solid earth ground. Where Tesla used aoscillating relay for switching I used and opto-coupler driven by a pulse width adjustable square wave oscillator.The circuit performed well and did indeed build a very respectable charge in the 22uF capacitor, yet I was never happy with the results as I felt that charge from the activation diode was adding to any Radiant Energy that may have beencaptured.A number of circuits were tried along this same line of thinking, although all were supplying additional charge to the capture capacitor. I therefore gave up on this approach and switched to passive coherence circuits. One now wonders how this all could tie together, the Passive driven and the Exciter driven circuits, how to utilize the best of both?That is partial answered in the following pictures of an experiment that resulted in a vast amount of information. The experiment involved a passive collection system comprised of (8) eight 120uF/330V photoflash capacitors, each with twodiodes to ground in the standard configuration.The experiment started by shorting each capacitor in the bank to insure it was discharged. The bank was connected to earth ground by a clip lead and the capacitor bank was placed some 30cm away from a SEC Exciter.The Exciter was powered up for (5) five seconds and then turned off. The

voltages on each of the capacitors in the bank were measured. All capacitors had charged to 38 volts in 5 seconds. http://67.76.235.52/e_seg01.htm6 of 173/12/2009 11:17 PM

It must be noted that the energy consumed by the exciter does not change when capacitors are charging or not. The exciter does not see or know that it is charging the capacitor bank. Fig: 22Fig: 23 I decided to stop fooling around with the little capacitors and purchased a number of 3-Farad 24V units as seem in the following photo. Fig: 24 The digital control display is shown in the following picture. The display will show the charge status in both words (Lo & Hi) as well as percent of charge. Fig: 25 The following photo shows how the SEC Exciter was coupled to the capacitor by a single small layer of Al foil wrapped around the center of the capacitor. The exciter can be seen at the bottom of the photo coupled to the foil with a clip. Notethat the charge indicator shows 'Hi' for the capacitor. http://67.76.235.52/e_seg01.htm7 of 173/12/2009 11:17 PM

Fig: 26 The following are two additional pictures taken during the charge period. Once the capacitor charges high enough to power the monitor circuit the Red LED (seen on left) starts to glow, followed by the readout indicating 'Lo'. Once thecapacitor is fully charges the readout will read 'Hi'. Fig: 27-28 The circuit used to charge this 3-Farad capacitor is similar to that shown in Fig: 5.The results of this configuration are very interesting. The input to the SEC Exciter was 18.1V @ 4Ma for an input of 72mJ. After 15 minutes of charge the capacitor voltage was 16 volts.You can view a lab log video that was made during a test with one of the large power capacitors. The video was not really made for public release, but because of Hurricane Ike it may be some time before I can produce video's again. In order to obtain operational data from ESEC test circuits, it required working with low powered units so that the field created by the exciter did not interfere with and distort test equipment readings. This required that the power supply forthe exciter be of low voltage and in most cases less than six volts and supplied by batteries so that there was no connection to the power grid or earth ground.Using the lower voltages

did place the exciters in a different operational mode, as the exciters are extremely supply voltage sensitive although this did appear to be the only way to obtain data to work with. Only later in the research when thedata were applied to higher supply voltages would it be known if the information obtained was valid and applicable to the higher modes of operation.Although many different configurations of exciters and capacitor storage systems were tried, only the successful ones will be discussed and diagrams will only be available in a future research paper, although the data obtained can leave littledoubt about the potential of the ESEC circuits.The following data table indicates data obtained from a fifty hour test run on a self powered and battery charging low power ESEC. Test conditions; The battery used was a NiMh 8.4V @ 160mAh rating which was discharged to an open circuit voltage of 2.1 volts. The battery when tested with a loading battery tester measured 0.92 volts.The capacitor was a 3F 28V auto amplifier power booster with the electronics control board removed. The capacitor was conditioned by maintaining a direct short across it for 12 hours prior to the test run. Except for the extended test runs ofover four hours the capacitors are always fully discharged by direct short for the same period of its prior usage. In this way the capacitor does not maintain a dielectric charge.Readings were taken at time intervals as indicated in the following table and it should be noted that test instruments were not connected durning non-measurement periods. The unit under test was maintained as a compact self supportingsystem until each measurement intervals. Fig: 29 http://67.76.235.52/e_seg01.htm8 of 173/12/2009 11:17 PM

The right most two columns of the above table are shown in the following graph. Fig: 30 Another way of showing the break-even point of a test circuit where the cohered energy exceeds the input energy. In the graph the line 'Capacitor/Joules' indicates the accumulated energy in the capacitor over time, while the line'Battery/Joules' indicates the energy supplied by the battery over time. Fig: 31 Because of the unique design of the ESEC Exciters all of the exciter components are an integral part of the coherence circuit. The ESEC design is much different than an exciter acting as a driver to a load or storage capacitor. Because of thisunique design there existed a valid question on just how much each part of the circuit contributed to the overall coherence.To answer this question test circuits were run where the exciter was allowed to oscillate, but was not connected to the load/capacitor in any way. This allowed for the measurement of energy cohered in the capacitor without direct physicalconnection of the capacitor to the exciter. Test runs followed where the complete circuit was used.The following graph shows the result from one of these tests.

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Fig: 32 Going back to what is shown in Fig:29 and looking at the battery voltage. As stated, before the exciter was connected to the battery the open circuit voltage of the battery was 2.14V and measured under loaded battery meter at 0.92 volts. Thechart indicates that when the ESEC was connected the battery voltage was ~ 1.354 volts. It should be obvious this is because the battery was not loaded as heavy as it was when tested with the battery tester.Now looking at the battery voltage climb, as the test period moved forward, note that the current drain on the battery is decreasing with time and charge on the capacitor is increasing. Indeed one can assume that the battery voltage is onlygoing up as a result of less drain and indeed this is true, yet there is indeed a point where the current from the battery shifts polarity and the capacitor continues to charge.Because of the circuit design of the current ESEC, oscillation and rapid coherence (capacitor charging) slows at around four hours for the current design. This condition is easily be rectified by dumping (using) the charge on the capacitor atwhich point the rapid charge rate will resume. ESEC & Ultra Wideband OscillatorESEC & Ultra Wideband Oscillator #2ESEC & Ultra Wideband Oscillator #3ESEC & Ultra Wideband Oscillator #4 http://67.76.235.52/e_seg01.htm10 of 173/12/2009 11:17 PM

ESEC & Ultra Wideband Oscillator #5 The power graph from video #5. Fig: 33 The UBO circuit used in video's 1-5 of 'ESEC & Ultra Wideband Oscillator' is shown in the following schematic. Fig: 34 The parts list for the video UBO. Table: 2 ComponentValueRb470K ohm 5%C1 Spec./ Measured 470pF Silver Mica / 422 pF

C2 Spec./ Measured 400pF Silver Mica / 406 pF L1 / MeasuredMin. 1.07uH, Max. 1.978uH L2 / Measured8.838uH L3 / Measured23.18uH26 Gauge Enamel CoatedD1,D2,D31N4148, Vishay (a) Q1MPSA06, ON Semiconductor (b) S1NC Push button/Relay/Solid StateS2NO Push button/Relay/Solid StateVs6 Volts, Battery or Supply with LPF. Circuit Comments. (a) The Vishay 1N4148 D3, is rated for a forward current (I f ) of 300mA. The diode does get warm when the oscillator starts with a zero charge capacitor. The current as seen in the videos is ~92mA to start but rapidly decreases. (b) The transistor does not require a heat sink if the input supply is (6) six volts or less. To start the circuit in UBO mode a certain procedure must be followed; Before applying power, S2 must be Closed and S1 must be Open. Power is applied and S1 is Closed followed by S2 Open. Resistor Rb does not have to be isolated by S2 as shown, it can be hard wired into the circuit, although power must be applied to Rb to supply a Vbe, before power is applied to the collector circuit. The removal of Rb is only for the purpose ofsimplifying the circuit during testing and evaluation.

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The location of diode D3 is critical, it must be placed on the power supply side of coil L2.Coil L2 and its construction. Fig: 35 Coil L3 and its construction. Fig: 36 How to determine the correct mode of oscillation is somewhat problematic in that I am so far unable to do this without a Spectrum Analyzer. I am currently looking at tuned circuits in the 400-500MHz range with a low current LED. When theoscillator is in the correct mode there is sufficient UHF energy to drive a low power LED, where as non-UBO modes do not produce a measurable energy at the upper UHF frequencies.Using other methods such as charge-rate is highly subjective and far from accurate. ESEC showing 27.8 -> 43.4% Gain < 111 Seconds. Fig: 37 The circuit shown in Fig: 37 should appear familiar as it is a basic SEC Exciter that has been the workhorse of the Spatial Coherence Research, yet close examination will show it is somewhat strange in the Emitter circuit of the transistor.The transistor does not have a DC path to the power supply and is connected to the Charging or Power Capacitor, which is of 3 Farad in size and connected in the polarity as shown.This circuit if constructed as shown will provide an energy gain of from 20% to 38%. The circuit must be constructed as shown and different supply voltages or parts values in most cases will not allow the recovery of excess energy.The energy recovery will depend on the following parameters; (1) The transistor hfe. (2) The tuning of L1. (3) Proper decoupling of the circuit from the power source.I can not state more emphatically that the design must be as shown and proper circuit layout must be used for a 500MHz Exciter.Here are the instructions for the correct procedure used in the testing of the circuit.1). Insure the 3F capacitor is 3F, otherwise use the measured value in all computations.2). Do Not use a constant current power supply, although a constant voltage supply is recommended.3). You must time the circuit operation from the application of source voltage to the point that the Exciter stops.4). You must have an accurate current meter or a DAQ. The current will decrease from an initial amount upon application of source voltage to the point that the Exciter stops. You need to integrate the current over time to get the correct inputpower. Using a computer controlled power supply and software to handle the computations is recommended.5). Never hang instrumentation across any of the circuit on the active side of the LPF. Doing so will destroy the possibility of seeing an energy gain.6). Once the Exciter stops, measure the voltage on the 3F capacitor.You can now utilize the input energy times time and the stored energy on the Power Capacitor to calculate your gain.*If it is not done correctly, IT WILL NOT WORK. In order to better understand the ESEC circuits and to derive some basic formulations for ESEC circuit design my new lab equipment presented the idea platform for moving forward. My new data

capture system for all practical purposes isnot affected by the large near field radiation from an exciter, thus allowing for measurements I now consider to be far more accurate than any up to this point.The first area I felt that needed study was the value of capacitor C2 and just how its value affected the operating efficiency of the exciters and as a result, the following chart shows the data from five values of C2, above and below a standard400pF value. The circuit used in this data set is shown in Fig: 37. Fig: 38 http://67.76.235.52/e_seg01.htm12 of 173/12/2009 11:17 PM

Each X axis mark is 0.5 seconds The following graph shows the current curve from C2=330pF which is the most efficient of the capacitors during this test run. This graph allows the curve to be explored in depth. Fig: 39 Each X axis mark is 0.5 seconds The power capture capacitor C6 was fully discharged before each run on a different valued C2. The readings were taken twice each second with an accuracy of 0.3% +/-1mA. The voltage on C6 was measured immediately after the ESECstopped oscillation and the voltage was recorded.The following table indicates the time the ESEC ran and the resulting voltage present on the capacitor and the energy in Joules stored. Table: 3C2 pFTime/SecVc6Joules 28378.256.2458.433069.756.2563.340072.756.2363.147072.756.3063.749278.256.2761.7Of primary interest is which value for C2 produces the highest efficiency in the exciter and the following Table will help answer that question. Table: 4C2 pFAvg(Vs*Is*T)C6 JoulesGain/Loss 28345.758.41.27833018.663.31.43440018.363.11.37547018.363.71.37549211.061.71.278Seeing the plot of supply current versus the energy put into the power capacitor is indeed interesting. Fig: 40 I have in the past always stated that you can not connect measurement equipment to an active ESC Exciter, well that was and is true, unless you use the proper filter between the Exciter and the equipment. http://67.76.235.52/e_seg01.htm13 of 173/12/2009 11:17 PM

Your test equipment must be of the highest impedance possible and be of a minimum of 10Meg ohm with less than 20pF.To dynamically look at the operation of an ESEC(1), the following circuit and filter configuration will allow real time measurement. Fig: 41 Why does one need the correct measurement equipment to test an ESEC(1)? The simple reason can be seen in Figures 38, 39 and 40. Look at the multiple knees present in the charging current and it can be quickly seen that one must measureat least on a second by second basis or the final computations will be in error and not indicate the degree of excess energy that is really present.ESEC6 to 6.5 is so profoundly expresses excess energy over input that the margin of error is so small compared to the excess that it is indeed possible to use a start and ending current and voltage times time and see a significant gain, yet thisgain is not accurate because you still miss (by as much as a factor of 2.5) what is taking place along the entire charge cycle. I now have a good switch that works with a single power capacitor that allows the study of just how best to extract the energy and maintain the gain. It is a voltage level sensor and allows the setting of upper and lower voltage points. Thisallows for the observation of the required recharge energy from the exciter. The following two images are of a test model on my bench. Fig: 42Fig: 43Fig: 44 What the switch looks like in operation. http://67.76.235.52/e_seg01.htm14 of 173/12/2009 11:17 PM

By slight rearrangement of a few components an ESEC(1) becomes an ESEC(2) which produces a CEC 4 of at least two times when constructed and operated with within specifications. Fig: 45 Compare this circuit to the ESEC(1) in Fig: 41 to see the differences in design.The following is a screen shot from a typical run of an ESEC(2) circuit as shown in Fig: 45. Fig: 46 It can be easily seen that the power capacitor is at 178.87 Joules and the final CEC 4 when the ESEC shut down was 1.991. Further CEC 4

was greater than 1 (CEC 4 >1) in 24 second of startup. This was with a capacitor that had 0.0 voltage atstart. The total run was 70 seconds to supply the 178.87 Joules to the capacitor.One thing to not is that because the monitor software is in a read loop, once the ESEC shuts down the power supply current and power readings will become zero which results in the S(V * I * T sec ) field to also be zero. To determine the endvalues at the instand of shut down a data file is maintained of all readings. This allows for the data to ve imported to programs such as Excel for further study. 01/10/2009 Update One major benefit of full or semi-automated testing is the ability to see and detect in real time conditions that might not appear in static data. This has indeed resulted in repeatable measurements that indicate something I did not thinkpossible and still do not understand about ESEC.Let me present a simple story that I hope will paraphrase how I have understood ESEC to work.Let us assume we are a small water supply utility serving a few customers and as a result have only one large water tank that is out primary reserve and pressure stabilizer. We have a large input pipe from out well which has a set capacitythat cannot be exceeded. We supply our water to multiple small lines via branches off of one major output line. Now of primary interest at this point is the amount of water that enters our tank over time and the amount that we supply via theoutput line, of which are both monitored with accurate metering. http://67.76.235.52/e_seg01.htm15 of 173/12/2009 11:17 PM

This is of course a commonplace example and should present not problems in knowing and controlling out supply and demand and being aware of any and all differences. Now if we have a few leaks and in electronics this could be by toname a few heat, light, EMF radiation we should see that in our simple input versus output balance.It would of course be very irregular and upsetting to see we were obtaining input that was not coming from our input line. But of course this is what ESEC is all about, we are gaining energy in the circuits that would be the same as the watertank filling with water not coming from the supply line. Setting aside ESEC for a moment and returning to my paraphrase where it is found that the excess water in the tank is coming from another supply line that was unknown and over timeand measurement it was determined what the size and capacity of this new and additional supply is. How and who receives payment for this secondary supply is not an issue at this point in the story.What happens at the water plant is that they are able to function properly and maintain accountability for input and output knowing both sources, for quite some time and them something strange surfaces during periods of low customerdemand. The full alarms in the water tank begin to sound and pressure gradually increases as more and more water is forced into the tank. Again the question of where and

how as all sources have been indeed accounted for.So how does this rambling story tie into ESEC? As of this date I am fully able to replicate conditions where an ESEC circuit continuously adds energy to a circuit in increasing amounts over and above my theory of what can and will occurfrom the Energy Lattice Interface.Let me explain this a little better, take for example a ESEC3 which may exhibit a CEC of from 1.5 to 3.0 depending on various controllable conditions. Therefore this example circuit could consistantly perfom in this manor for extended periodsof time and work under these conditions of full charge full discharge of the power capacitor.What is taking place is there is an unknown 2-5% creep in the CEC if the capacitor is only discharged say for example 40 Joules and then recharged to it peak. I have a water tank that has two known inputs and they are the energy from thepowering source (supply) and the Cohered Energy from the Lattice, yet a third source has now been found. An unknown that appears only under certain discharge and charge cycle conditions.Here is how I measure the ESEC units; the formulations I use and where I feel the tertiary energy may be coming from.Input energy from the ESEC powering source (Computer controlled and monitored switching DC power supply). *Note: The following equations contain Greek Symbols and my not display correctly in all browsers.Eq: 1 U S = S (V s * D I s *T sec )where; U S the total energy input by the power supply in Joules.V s

the Voltage of the power supply (constant voltage). D I s the variable input current from the power supply.T sec the time in seconds over, which the measurement was taken and is normally (1) Second. Eq: 2 U C1..n = 1/2 CV 2 where; U C1..n the varying charge stated of the power capacitor in Joules starting from initial state U C1 .C is the capacity value in Farads.V is the voltage across the capacitor. Eq: 3 U Savg =U S /T sec where; U

Savg is the average of the input energy over the total measurement period.U S see Eq: 1T total the total number of time periods over which U S was measured. Eq: 4 U Cavg = S (U C /T sec )where;U Cavg is the average charge on the capacitor in Joules.U C see Eq: 1T sec total number of time periods over which U c

is taken. Eq: 5 U Csum =

S {U C1 +(U Cn >U Cn-1 )}where;U Csum is the some total of all charge into the power capacitor over the measurement period.U Cn see Eq: 1 There is a significant problem in using Equations 1..5 for describing an ESEC and that problem if the additional energy added to the circuit that cannot be accounted for in Eq: 1. Part of this difference is of course the Cohered Energy from theEnergy Lattice and I will designate it as U EL and expand the some what obsolete and inaccurate capacitor energy equation shown in Eq: 2. Eq: 6 an expansion fo Eq: 2 U

C1..n = { CV 2 /2}+U EL where; U C1..n the varying charge stated of the power capacitor in Joules starting from initial state U C1 .C is the capacity value in Farads.V is the voltage across the capacitor.U EL Cohered Energy supplied from the Spatial Energy Lattice.Equation Eq: 6 will be > 99% accurate if the power capacitor is fully discharged before each charge and fully discharged through a non-reactive load after each charge. The 1% variance appears to be impart caused by the unknown tertiaryenergy source I have named U .U is the mysterious unknown source of water in my preceding water tank example. Using equation Eq: 6 will still result in a 2-5% lower resulting energy than measured, provided the following;1) A fully discharged capacitor is charged to the desired voltage by an ESEC oscillator.2) The capacitor is switched into and out of a load in steps determined by voltage sensors across the capacitor.3) During the load period, the capacitor is never allowed to discharge more than 20% of U C1 at the initial charge point (see following).*Assume that Vs is 16V and the desired voltage on the capacitor is set at 12V. With an ESEC3 this will provide a U C1 of for example 257 Joules. Therefore the energy taken during the discharge pulse should be <= 20% of 257 or ~51 Joules.4) The ESEC is allowed to back to 12 volts.The problem is thus defined that when using

Eq: 6 and Eq: 5 we see a constant creep in Eq: 5 that ranges from 2-5% above that calculated in Eq: 6 for each charge and partial discharge cycle of the capacitor.So I have again modified the capacitor energy equation. Eq: 7 U C1..n = { CV 2 /2}+U EL +U where; U C1..n the varying charge stated of the power capacitor in Joules starting from initial state U C1 .C is the capacity value in Farads.V is the voltage across the capacitor.U EL Cohered Energy supplied from the Spatial Energy Lattice.U an anomalous unaccounted for additional energy.At this point I wonder ifU is not a function of capacitors in general that may appear under certain stress conditions within the capacitor and may be plate deformation at the micro level or energy coherence from within the dielectric, eitherway I have in Eq: 7 a way to now account for the energy levels that I am measuring. Because Eq: 7 is not of normal formation and containes additional energy terms I felt it necessary to impla load test method that would insure accuracy. To this end I implemented a load test procedure utilizing the following equation.

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Eq: 8 U d = S [ (V r /R)^2 * R ] * Twhere;U d is the discharge energy in Joule SecondsV r is the voltage across the load resistorR is the resistance of the load in OhmsT is the time in seconds References. (4) CEC or "Coherence Energy Coefficient". Derived from Cohered (Energy of Power Capacitor) divided by the input energy time the run time; CEC = Jc/Js. The terms COP and OU are replaced by CEC, which is more relevant anddescriptive of the actual process under the SEC Theory.(5) Dr. Harold Aspden Concentric capacitor;http://www.aspden.org.uk/3.html, Notes On Berlin Lecture - Asymmetrical Capacitor Action;http://www.energyscience.org.uk/le/Le27/Notes.html http://www.stormingmedia.us/39/3943/A394334.html, Ultra-Wide Band Waveform Generation Using a Novel Nonlinear Oscillator Authors: Jonathan N. Blakely; Ned J. Corron; Shawn D. Pethel; ARMY AVIATION AND MISSILECOMMAND REDSTONE ARSENAL AL MISSILE RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTERhttp://www.urel.feec.vutbr.cz/RADIOENG/fulltexts/2005/05_04_033_039.pdfDesigh Considerations of an Active Integrated Antenna with Negative Resistance Transistor Oscillator. RadioEngineering, Vol. 14, NO. 4, December 2005 http://67.76.235.52/e_seg01.htm17 of 173/12/2009 11:17 PM

X311.959831.269037.0020X415.946441.692049.3360To test for core resonance points, capacity couple to the aluminum backing plate with no more than 27pf cap in series with the hot lead of the generator. The ground of the generator is notconnected to the circuit in any way. A sweep generator fed through the coupling capacitor should show responses in the following ranges. (Valid for coil L2+L3 specified in parts list)1.2 MHz +/- 100KHz3.3 MHz +/- 200KHz10.4 MHz +/- 100KHz12.1 MHz +/- 200KHzThese frequencies fall statistically within the same area as that found in earlier circuits using similar cores and coils.The followingg material resonance points are being noted for Barium and Iron for 1 Tesla. 135 Ba 4.2581 v/MHz 137 Ba 4.7633 v/MHz 57 Fe 1.3815 v/MHzThe direction of the windings by L3 over the top of L2 is critical. Wind L3 in the same sense as L2. Place L3 in the center of L2 and insure on multiple coils that the windings are asconsistantly the same as possible. Not following this procedure will result in coils displaying resonant peaks at slightly different points, which is detrimental to the circuits operation. Single Coil Replications, construction details. 1) The wire coil that is received (from vendor) with the core must have the coil secured to the center of the core. The core and coil must be as described inPart#1it does not meet knownspecifications; operability for this work is therefore unknown. Secure carefully with a narrow strip of plastic electrical or paper tape. Place tape on both ends of the coil to the core. Becareful not to deform the coil.2) Carefully place a single layer of tape over the wires of the coil. Do not use more than a single layer of tape. Do not pull the tape tightly as it will deform the coil and may alter theplacement of the turns.3) With correct wire size (see parts list), very carefully wrap a 9 turn coil in the center of the secondary. To start, secure one end on the core with a narrow strip of tape making a 1/2 turnto the center. Wrap the 9 full loops. Insure you do not pull the wire to tight. If you wrap the turns to tight it will dig into the secondary and alter or damage the underlying wire. The turnsmust be close wrapped. Insure that when finished you can not see the tape below. *Note: The coil must be wrapped in the same clockwise or counter clockwise direction as the suppliedantenna coil. Wrapping in the opposing direction will result in the circuit not working or working incorrectly.4) With a 1/2 turn route the wire to the finished end of the core. Secure with tape in a similar way used in starting.5) Do not cut the secondary wires (the actual antenna coil) and insure by trimming that the primary ends do not exceed 1.5" in length.6) It is desired that a proto-board similar to the JameCo product be used for the experiments. Using any other construction method may prohibit the circuit from working. A smallerproto-board is acceptable, but clad circuit boards or soldered connection are at this point not known to work. The board connection capacitance appears to play an important part at thisstage of experimentation.7) With the coils now

wired, use a bit of double sticky tape and secure the coil and core in the center of your board. Select either end of the primary and clean the enamel coating off andpunch it into one of the board contact groups. Place one lead of the choke in this contact group. From other end of the choke and its contact group connect one end of a 50 ohm compositecarbon resistor. This resistor value may vary depending on the output impedance of your generator. Insure you select the proper value.8) In the same contact group place one lead of a 400pf mica or ceramic capacitor. The Hi generator output lead is connected to the free end of the capacitor. The ground of the generator isconnected to the free end of the generator termination resistor. See the circuit diagram at the top of the page.9) Using the free secondary wire on the opposite end of the generator input primary lead; connect it to a contact group. Construct the rectifier section with either 1N914's or 1N4148's.Connect a White LED across the output of the rectifiers. *Note: The following diodes will not work, 1N4001 - 1N4007 or any other standard power diode. The only diodes known at this timeto work are indicated in the instructions.10) You can now check your coil for resonate peaks and overall response and activity. Start with a generator output of at least 5 volts Peak-to-Peak Sine wave signal. Work through thefrequencies and see how the peaks compare to those in this document. The LED is the indicator of choice; it will light brightly at the peaks.11) Once you have found and recorded the peaks, reduce the generator output when tuned to the highest peak, until you see the LED begin to dim in response.12) With your neon bulb you can now explore for the high voltage peaks. Find and record.Only one peak has been found where the high voltage and maximum LED intensity are in sync. The location of each will be important as we move forward in design.Before moving forward the experimenter should spend significant time with this circuit as it is necessary its operation be understood before moving on. Frequency Measurement During the assessment of any of the coil arrangements it must be understood that many factors affect the final and desired test readings. First comes the accuracy of the measurementequipment. If using an oscilloscope that is not of the highest quality and under computer control, the human factor determines the accuracy of the resulting measurements. Only when atrace is fully expanded for Cursor setting will the most accurate result be obtained.When examining frequency with a frequency counter, time base accuracy is the primary factor in obtaining accurate readings. There are various combinations DVM+FC+LCR meters on themarket and in most cases the frequency counter limit is capped at or below 15MHz with accuracy degrading at the upper limit. It is not recommended that this type of equipment bedepended upon to obtain accurate readings. The base line counter should have a minimum time base accuracy 0.001% at 100Mhz; this is the minimum that should ever be used.During frequency measurement it will be observed that there is instability in the readings, a shifting of both up and down in the result. This shifting or 'Hunting' is an artifact of the circuititself combined with any drift in the signal generator. The signal generator if from the medium to high end and under digital control can in most case be ruled out as a contributor to theobserved 'Hunting' affect. If you are going to move on into multiple coils and large numbers of driven LEDS you must build all coils to be used and following the preceding procedures to insure they all work and tune in exact detail. Two coils, each with a different maximum response peak will degrade the overall operation and may cause

the circuit to not work at all. Do not assume you will solve the problem later. Match the coils now or look forward to multi-coil failure. Solving an unknown Double Wing circuit problem. The following image is taken from a single coil with each end of the secondary connected and driving a group of LEDS. For some yet to be determined reason, the peak brightness for eachgroup is not the same. In fact the bottom group shows a much brighter display. Fig: 16 In an attempt to determine the reason, the circuit was connected to a signal generator and swept. It appears that the resonant peaks are identical, yet the upper end of the coil does notproduce the same light, even when driven from the generator.When generator driven and the peak for the lower group is found, removal of L1 cause the upper groups output to drop further and significantly, to the point that some are just barelyradiating.Orientation of the board to the four cardinal points did not result in noticeable change. Reinstalling L1 and changing its orientation in relation to L2/L3 also did not result in noticeablechange.Because the group of LEDS that are dimmer are connected to the secondary end of the coil that has the open primary wire, another L1 was added to this free end. The effect was a dimmergroup. The added inductance on the free end of the primary is not desired.Next step was to switch L2/L3 end for end. The results were startling and the dimmer group were almost extinguished. Some LEDS were so low in output that they could not be seen inambient light. Fig: 17 The final attempt to attach the reason to the coils was to leave the coil in its physical position and switch the bright secondary lead over to the dome group and vise versa. Much to mysuprise the conditions remained the same. The bright group remaind very bright and the dim group became even dimmer.Three possible tests remained to either identify the rectifiers, the LEDS or the board itself as the cause. The rectifiers were exchanges one at a time between the groups. No difference wasobserved.A new batch of LEDS were added one at a time. The bright group contained 15 LEDS and brightness could only be obtained in the dimmer group up to 12 LEDS. When the new LEDS wereadded their placement on the board was also altered to insure a different coupling effect and capacity to the backing plate.Last resort, the coil and core was switched. Success, both ends of the double wing supported 15 LEDS at very similar intensity. Fig: 18Coil specifications for the coil presenting imbalance; Test lead resistance to be offset in readings = 0.4 ohmPrimary 0.5 ohms - 0.4 ohms = 0.1 ohms actualSecondary 10.7 ohms - 0.4 ohms = 10.3 ohms actualCapacity offset due to test leads = 0.15nF, dielectric between coils is paper tape. http://67.76.235.52/SECLegacy.asp4 of 83/13/2009 1:23 AM

Primary to Secondary = 0.40nF - 0.15nF = 0.25nF = 250pFInductance (on core) of Primary and SecondaryPrimary 1.4uHSecondary 719uH Coil specifications for the coil properly working; Test lead resistance to be offset in readings = 0.4 ohmPrimary 0.5 ohms - 0.4 ohms = 0.1 ohms actualSecondary 10.6 ohms - 0.4 ohms = 10.2 ohms actualCapacity offset due to test leads = 0.15nF, dielectric between coils is plastic electrical tape.Primary to Secondary = 0.35nF - 0.15nF = 0.20nF = 200pFInductance (on core) of Primary and SecondaryPrimary -0.5uHSecondary 720uH

The working coil is causing the Elenco LCR-1810 to see the primary and display some odd negative inductance. No matter how the reading is taken the reading remains negative. One canonly assume it is reading in error, but why and why on the coil that works?Because this coil was constructed early in the research and used a different type of tape between the coils, it was decided to disassemble and examine it. Once disassembled it wasdetermined that from a left to right position, the secondary was wrapped counter clockwise and the primary was wrapped clockwise. This prompted that the working coil to be partiallydisassembled.It was found that the working coil was wound in the same clockwise direction as the secondary. I reconstructed the disassembled coil using plastic electrical tape and winding the primary inthe same clockwise direction as the secondary.Measurement of the primary inductance now displayed correctly and was the same as that of the other working coil. Connecting the coil in the circuit resulted in 30 LEDS being driven tofull brightness in groups of 15 each off of each secondary lead. Fig: 19 With the double wing setup we have stopped adding LEDS at 75 per side. Although we can now confirm that when the double wing is driven from a 10MHz 7.5-volt peak-to-peak signal andcapacity coupled as shown below, there is no observable increase in power being used by the generator as LEDS are added.Because direct power measurements are difficult, we can use the specifications for the LEDS to obtain an idea of the power consumed. For a 30 LED system with matched LEDS having aforward voltage drop of 3.8V @ 20mA we obtain 30 x 3.8 x 2E-2 = 2.28 Watts.In a similar manor the 2x75 Double Wing would consume 150 x 3.8 x 2E-2 = 11.4 Watts.In this driven test the signal generator has a maximum current output of 150mA with a voltage of 7.5 volts peak-to-peak. The signal generator output is a complimentry pair driver (similarto older discreat transistor driven) audio amplifiers. The output from the drivers is through two 100 ohm 2 watt carbon resistors. The supply voltage to the drives is +15 and 15 volts.Using the factory specifications for maximum voltage and current output we can calculate what should be the maximum peak power output of the generator.P gen(max) = 7.5 x 0.150 = 1.125 WattsIf in a sample case where a LED has a forward voltage drop of 3.8 volts for a current of 20mA we can show that;P LED

= 3.8 x 2E-2 = 7.6E-2 or 76mWHow many LEDS would have to be driven before the output power of the generator would be exceeded;Max LEDS = 1.125 / 7.6E-2 = 14.8 LEDS or (15), or 7 each side. Validation of CalculationFig: 20 The preceding photo shows a Double Wing circuit powering 15 LEDS per secondary leg. Measurement of RF across a 1 ohm carbon resistor to service ground (ground not neutral) using anRF probe with a calibrated bandwidth of 250MHz into a matching (DVM for which the probe was designed) Fluke Model 8022A DVM. As can be easily seen there is only a 1 millivolt of RFdetected across the 1 ohm resistor. This would indicate a current of 1 milli-ampere from either ground to the circuit or the circuit to ground.Connection of a signal generator by capacitive coupling from the base plate and removing the ground and replacing with a 1-meter antenna give unexpected result. Fig: 21 The results would tend to indicate that when the generator is connected that no RF drop is present across the 1-ohm resistor. Because the ground wire was disconnected to remove a directpath for generator feedback and replaced with a 1-meter free wire, additional questions now arise on what is feeding the circuit and how to make and observe accurate measurement of anyexternal power source. Fig: 22 The double wing circuit and coupling used in the testing of the configuration and determination of coil differences. This setup is required in order the signal generator to be loosely coupledto the circuit. DO NOT use any type of direct signal coupling or power gain anomalies will not be recognized. It is important that the separation of backing plates be no closer than indicatedin the following image. The above couplingmethoddependingonthe dielectric usedpresents ~31pF.Xc @ 10MHz=1/OmegaC =5.134E-1

A note on LEDS. Unless you purchase LEDS matched for voltage drop, they can vary somewhat and this variance will affect the brightness of the entire LED chain. In this research the LEDS were purchasedunmatched and in a 1K quantity. The vendor accurately stated that the forward voltage could vary from a low of 3.4 volts to a high of 3.8 volts. This indeed was the case. In order for theentire chain to have near equal brightness, it is necessary that the voltage drops be matched. If this is not done you could in certain circumstances think you have problems that you do nothave. Some of the LEDS appeared dim and the brought down the overall brightness of the series chain. I have not spent time on what is different with these LEDS, rather I match then forforward drop and this seems to remove many potential

problems.The following procedures cannot be performed with result until you have successfully completed all steps in " Single Coil Replications, construction details."Removal of Christmas Tree Effect. In video number six (6) the LEDS were made to alternately extinguish and re-emit, a flip-flopping of the operating LEDS. This is the primary example of the 'Christmas Tree Effect' or themismatching of circuit parameters. In almost all case this is a result of coil or core differences, although to some degree care is required in core orientation and proximity to other cores.It can not be assumed that testing a core coil arrangement one at a time will insure correct response when joined with others. Frequency measurement is difficult todepend upon because ofthe 'Hunting' or 'Drifting' nature of the systems.1) With the proto-board, insure the aluminum backing plate is electrically floating and not connected to any of the contact groups of the board. If the board does not have rubber or plasticfeet to raise it off the surface by at least 1/4" then add feet or rubber grommets to achieve this requirement.2) Insure that none of your circuit under test has connection to any of the power buss rails. All connections must be to the short connection groups.3) Place one of the coils and rectifiers near one corner of the board. Connect the rectifiers to one end of the secondary. Leave both primary leads free and rising straight up. Leave theother secondary lead free, do not connect it to even a free connection group. Connect a White LED to the rectifiers.4) Place a aluminum plate the same size as the proto-board back plate underneath the proto board, separated by the rubber feet of the boards back plate. Connect the Hi lead from thesignal generator to the free plate under the board. Do not use the generator ground lead and keep it away from the board. Connect an earth ground on the primary lead opposite therectifier end.5) Go through the entire set of you recorded response frequencies to see which ones remain and which one has assumed the maximum.6) Now you must sweep the coil from just under 1MHz to 15MHz. Use a slow sweep rate and watch the LED. Record any additional high output peaks.7) Set the frequency generator to the frequency that provides the best output in LED intensity. *Note: a volt or current meter can not be used. A light meter works very well with a blacktube over the LED.8) With the generator frequency set to the maximum response point, reduce the generator output level to where the LED just begins to indicate the decrease. Leave the generator in placeand start adding additional LEDS in series. Once you have about ten LEDS you can place and test the next coil. Measuring Output Power Because the output section, rectifiers and LEDS are at high impedance, it has proven difficult to attach anything to the circuit that would allow for even near reliable measurement. In mostcases the output will be reduced or stopped and measurement is meaningless. It was necessary to come up with a way that could be performed without affecting the actual circuit. http://67.76.235.52/SECLegacy.asp5 of 83/13/2009 1:23 AM

This is done by using the relative light output of the LEDS. A light tube to shield from external light was placed over a selected LED in an operation circuit. The light level was recorded. Thesame LED was

removed from the circuit and placed on a circuit board in series with a 1K resistor. The light tube was placed over the LED and the voltage to the LED was adjusted until thelevel matched that recorder in the circuit when in operation. The voltage and current was recorded.To arrive at a relative circuit power the following was used;P Out =P test x nLEDS Fig: 23 To measure the light from the LED you can use a professional light meter or simply a CdS cell and ohmmeter. The detector bandwidth is of little importance as you are just going to matchlevels in order to obtain a voltage and current to the LED under test.

Fig: 24The simple but effective test setup.Fig: 24a10/25/2007New Measurements Because the LEDS are in series I wondered if it would be possible to place a measurement resistor in the middle of the series chain an not affect the impedance to where the outputdegraded. It may indeed have worked, although the results are very surprising.The measurement was performed by inserting a 1 ohm composite carbon resistor between the 10 LEDS, five LEDS on each side of the resistor. Because of the rectifiers and the LEDSthemselves being rectifires, I placed a 0.1uF capacitor across the resistor. When the meter was connected only a very small brightness reduction was noticed.The reading was 3.9mA or a 3.9mV drop across the resistor. A calculation of power with this current would then be;P Out = 10 x 3.8 x 0.0039 = 0.148 W or 148 mW for the ten LEDS.It is obvious that the light output comparison method is in error or this method is in error. The difference is significant;Comparison method;P Out = 10 x 3.8 x 0.02 = 0.760 W or 760 mWA difference of 760 - 148 = 612 mW Temperature Measurement of LED HeatFig: 25 LED Heat production was tested using the simple single coil circuit as shown in multiple images and described above. Ten LEDS were grouped together and enclosed by placing a Styrofoamtube around them and wrapping the tube in insulation wrap. A digital thermometer was used that reads to 0.1'C and has an accuracy of +/- 0.1'C. The ambient temperature wasmeasured with a digital thermometer calibrated to NIST Standard Reference.The test chamber was allowed to equalize with the ambient temperature. As seen in the photo the start of the first test shows the test chamber device at 24.7'C and

the ambient at 24.6'C.The first test was run for one hour.Results of 1 hour run;LED test chamber 23.0'C -- Ambient 24.5'CThe results of the first test were interesting and it was decided to run another test for a longer period of time. The second test was setup in the same was as the first and lasted for fourhours. At the end of the four hours the readings were;Results of 4 hour run;LED test chamber 24.0'C --Ambient 23.8'C Looking Closer Into Possible CoolingFig: 25a A presented hypothesis surrounding the LED cooling, proposes that if the emitted Light (Photons) are allowed to escape the measurement chamber that a clearer picture of the temperaturedrop should be observed.The measurement vessel was modified by placement of a glass lens over its top through which was placed a lab thermometer. The unit was run for several hours during whichmeasurements were recorded.After analysis of test results it appears that the LEDS are indeed cooling although the amount realized in the extended test did not indicate the magnitude of cooling expected. Thereforethe hypothesis holds with the exception that it may require modification as to the expected results or the crude measurement protocol needs significant refinement. Fig: 26

Cutting Power Requirements for Portable Lights 27 Hours, dropped out of oscillation Started 1630CDT 10/23/07Energizer X22, when New is 9V and is specified to have a capacity of 655 mAh* EnergizerSpec. of 655 mAh is based on; '*Typical capacity rating based on 25mA continuous currentdrain to the 0.8 volt cutoff per cell.' Experiment was started with a battery measuring 7.45 volts.10 White LEDS with matched f v of 3.8V @ 21mA. P LEDS = 10 x 3.8 x 0.021 = 0.798R LEDS = 38/0.021 = 1809.5 ohms Fig: 27 1727CDT 10/24/07 Voltage = 4.35 Final

See Diagram PL01 in this document

Interesting Portable Light DesignFig: PL01 *Notes on preceding circuit. Capacitor C7 is shown as 400pf, this capacitor in many cases can be reduced and not affect overall results. It is not advised that the value be decreased below 82pF.Transistor Q1 is shown as a 2N2222, although a 2N3904 which is rated to 300MHz may work better if available.

Measurements on Two Thomas Oscillator Circuits http://67.76.235.52/SECLegacy.asp6 of 83/13/2009 1:23 AM

Two different circuits were looked at, the only difference was that one used a NPN transistor and the other used a PNP. Both transistors were matched as closely as possible for hfe andbandwidth. The purpose of the experiment was to explore what effect would be observed when an 85cm test lead was connected to different positions on the AV Plug.The results proved to be very interesting and showed a significant difference between the NPN and PNP transistors when all other parameters remained the same. The following is the samedata seen in the preceding image, but uses coloring to better understand the results.One AV Plug was placed normally at the free end of the secondary while the second AV Plug was placed on the opposite end of the secondary where the feedback capacitor to the transistorbase is coupled. Two Neon bulbs were used for Plug loads, each Neon fired at approximately 95V and drew 1.8mA. *Note the Neon's are labeled N1 and N2 for reference. NPN TestInitial Source Current I s = 50ma PointN1 StateN2 StateI s ABrighterDim 90mA / +30mA

A'*Out*Brighter 90mA / +30mA BDimBrighter 40mA / -10mA B'*Out*Brighter 50mA PNP TestInitial Source Current I s = 50ma PointN1 StateN2 StateI s ABrighterDim 70mA / +20mA A'*Out*Brighter 100mA / +50mA B*Out*Brighter 60mA / +10mA B'Brighter*Out* 40mA / -10mA

Closing the Loop Attempt, a possible configuration

Fig: CL01

It might be felt by a casual observer that closing the loop might be as simple as the above circuit indicates. Why should this not be correct if indeed the SEC circuits Cohere Energy from theEnergy

Lattice? Well the reason is simple, doing so forms a closed system and a closed system does obtain additional energy from the Energy Lattice, it is bound by the energy supplied byits power supply be that battery, or electrical outlet. Closed systems cannot Cohere Energy fro the Energy Lattice.

The circuit configuration shown in Fig: CL01 will work with a power supply powering one of the two segments, but power amplification will not result.

The goal of this research is a 'Self Powering' or closed Energy Production System.Fig: SP01 The preceding picture is a side view of a multi-LED system driven by a single conversion coil, which is in turn driven by an onboard Colpitts oscillator into a MOSFET impedance matchingdriver. The oscillator frequency is controlled in a narrow range by a varied core inductor seen to the right of the storage capacitor. Fig: SP02 The above photo is a better view of the large number of LEDS. A solar cell is directly above the LEDS. One of the initial problems in starting this approach was the light lost from the sidesof the LEDS due to reflections in their plastic enclosures. The first of many solar cells proved to be less than efficient. The one shown above was made from film and was highly reflective ascan be seen on the the proto-board directly below the LEDS.First requirement in the quest for self powering is to obtain the most efficient solar cell available, in my final design I used two (2) 'Q-Cells SLP-003 Solar Panels 3 Watts each'. The cellseach have an output voltage of 8.4 volts. The final design is powered at 16.8 volts.

Fig: SP0x No localized external power source is used in the following two circuits. It is currently unknown how the circuit is being powered although it is speculated that excitation into oscillationmode is being supplied by the potential present in the earth ground connection. Except for an earth ground connection, no other connections are made. The aluminum pan in which thecircuit is sitting is floating and not connected to the earth ground or the circuit or circuit board. Fig: SP0y When this circuit is actively powering the LEDS a very intense field exists around the circuit and abruptly ends at approximately a meter from the circuit. A radio receiver tuned to theemission from the circuit will no longer detect the radiation at the drop off point. Fig: SP03Scope image of signal across R1

In the above scope image it is easily seen that there is a peak current to ground from the circuit of ~450mA maximum to minimum of of ~105mA. This is extraordinary current for a http://67.76.235.52/SECLegacy.asp7 of 83/13/2009 1:23 AM

free-floating circuit.The signal displayed appears to be modulated by ~2.64MHz. Assuming an error induced by the scope accuracy it appears the primary signal is ~7 times the modulation, where 18.7/2.64 =7.083.What adds to the confusion is the following chart derived from work with the earlier circuits. Primary response peaks do not match the 18.7MHz as indicated above. Spatial Collectors One of the first collectors built from a single Cu tube coupling and coil. The circuit used a separate AV Plug to drive each LED. The Cu tube center is connected to the SEC Exciters collector.The coil inside of the Cu tube is what is driving the LED's.The following image is a close up view of a Cu single tube arrangement.The drive supplied by a tube collector is so large that it will destroy a 1.9mA Neon in a few hours of operation. During initial testing the glass on a few neon's began to deform beforeselfdestruction by arc over.The following image is of the lab unit that was tested in the calorimeter. The overall simplicity of the circuit is evident.The next image is a top view of the circuit that was tested.The following image shows the circuit with an added collector wing.

The Quest for Higher Power The following circuit shows a standard 555 setup to produce continuous 50% duty cycle pulse train. There is the addition of a pulse inverter which comes into play should the driver ON period be required to be shorter than the OFF period.A large filter capacitor and a ferrite bead is used to decouple the 555 from noise on the power rail. In addition to the large filter capacitor a number of 0.01uF ceramic bypass capacitors are used.The circuit is only used to apply one second or longer ON pulses to the high voltage switch in the power section. This switching circuit was constructed for convenience and could be implemented in a number of ways. Fig: HP01 The power and switching section is quite simple and straight forward, provided one has replicated and understands the LED driver systems explained in the beginning of this paper.The schematic shows the circuit wiring but a simple overview will explain the circuits lack of complexity.The energy storage capacitor in this example is a simple 450uF/450V electrolytic. The standard CE coil and the two 1N4148 diodes in the typical AV Plug configuration. In this example the 2N7000 is driven by a signal generator whereas the schematicshows a self contained oscillator and driver.Shown with its heat sink is the IRF840 that is the high voltage switch. The load a 120V/15W incandescent lamp is connected from the storage capacitor to the drain of the IRF-840.

Fig: HP02 In the following photo the 555 was disabled so that the switch was biased full ON. It is easily seen that the Plug is able to sustain a fair amount of constant current. Fig: HP03Fig: HP04Fig: HP05Fig: HP06

Driving a Resistance LoadFig: Pwr01

In Fig: Pwr01 a simplified circuit is shown for a fixed resistive load. This particular circuit uses a single Sidac to do the switching of the charge stored in the power capacitor into the load resistor. This circuit has removed the requirement of havingadditional component counts in order to handle the isolated charge buildup switching into the load.The NE2 neon does not have to be in the circuit and is used only as an indicator of the switching taking place. In most cases the NE2 will require a limiting resistance to prevent its burn out. The coil size and the supply voltage will determine the outputvoltage. A Sidac is chosen to match the coil and driver input voltage, where if you are going to have a large secondary you may want to use a Sidac that is higher than 120V (shown in the example).The two 22uH chokes have an SRF of 13mHz and the matching series inductor has an SRF of 8mHz. The combination of the four inductances offer a good degree of isolation between the output of the 1N4148's, power capacitor and load. Allowing forgreater stability in overall circuit operation. Fig: Pwr02 One of the problems realized in SEC circuits driving LED's was the high failure rate of the LED's. The problem was determined to be the reverse voltage applied to the LED chain. Normally the LED's will have a Vr ~= 5.0 volts and a forward voltage of Vf~= 3.0 volts. In circuits that for example are driving 30 LED's the forward voltage must be at least 30 x 3 or 90 volts. Assuming (for analysis only) that the driving waveform is symmetrical then the Vr will also be 90 volts. This of course would not be aproblem as Vr = 30 x 5 = 150 volts, but the problem is that the forward voltage is capped only by the number of LED's in the chain and if the total number of LED's time the forward drop of 3.0 volts is less than what the driver is capable of supplying,then the reverse voltage will be equal to the maximum of the driver voltage output.An example of this problem would be you are driving 20 LED's from a driver that supplies a peak voltage of 185 volts. In this case the forward voltage is capped at 20 x 3 = 60 volts, but the reverse voltage will climb to the maximum of 185 volts. If ourLED's have a Vr of 5 volts then they can only stand (without safety margin) 20 x 5 = 100. It is easy to see that in this case the LED's will be exposed to a reverse voltage of 85 volts above there maximum.This problem did not have the simple straight forward solution of adding a diode until the addition of the decoupling (matching) inductors were added as shown in Fig: Pwr01 and Pwr02. Once this network of inductors was added the addition of a fastswitching diode Dx greatly reduced if not solved the problem of frequent catastrophic LED failures.Diode Dx needs to be able to handle greater current and voltage than the 1N4148's used in the

AV Plug. A diode that appears to work without changing the loading is the UF4007, an Ultra High Frequency 1kv at 1 ampere switching diode.

{1} Alexander V. FrolovPower for NothingSources of Excess EnergyPower from Nothinghttp://keelynet.com/energy/frolov2.htmhttp://www.skybooksusa.com/timetravel/physics/enersour.htmhttp://www.eskimo.com/~bilb/freenrg/frolov2.txt

{2} Avramenko's US and foreign Patents.United States Patent Aug. 15, 2000 Avramenko et al.also see from November 25, 1993http://v3.espacenet.com/origdoc?CY=ch&LG=fr&DB=EPODOC&IDX=US6104107&DOC=dcb65d04ab 6820d7924a01bf873fe6b65dhttp://v3.espacenet.com/origdoc?CY=ch&LG=fr&DB=EPODOC&IDX=WO93 23907&DOC=deb45b02a96923dc96560dcb934bf2c269 {3} Avramenko's Free Electrons Pump ( AFEP v1.0) By Jean-Louis Naudin created on November 1st, 1999 - JLN Labs - Last update November 3rd, 1999Single-Wire Energy Transmission test By Jean-Louis Naudin created on November 3rd,, 1999 - JLN Labs - Lastupdate November 5th, http://jnaudin.free.fr/html/afep01.htmhttp://jnaudin.free.fr/html/afep01.htm {4} Stefan Hartmannhttp://www.overunity.com

Copyright (c) 2007 Dr. Ronald Stiffler. All rights reserved.Unauthorized Copying of this material is strictly forbidden.Violation of these Copyrights will be enforced. http://67.76.235.52/SECLegacy.asp8 of 83/13/2009 1:23 AM

Spatial Energy Research Stiffler Scientific

Dr. Ronald Stiffler

Copyright (c) 2009 Dr. Ronald Stiffler. All rights reserved.Unauthorized Copying of this material is strictly forbidden.Violation of these Copyrights will be enforced.The circuits shown on this web site, unless otherwise disclaimed are the Intelectual Property of Dr. Ronald Stiffler.YOU CAN LINK TO THIS SITE - IF YOU COPY DATA FROM THIS SITE TO 'ANYWHERE' ELSE -YOU ARE IN VIOLATION OF MY RIGHTS.... ESEC - Exciter Stimulated Energy Coherence a UBO OscillatorThe Spatial Gate Project Archives SEC ExcitersSEC Legacy CircuitsSEC Exciter CoilsSEC Exciter Coil BuildingExamples of G2 ExcitersECAT Energy Conversion by Articulated TransferCRE - Charge Recycle ElectrolyzerContact Dr. Stiffler http://67.76.235.52/ of 13/13/2009 12:48 AM

Alternative Energy Research Spatial Energy CoherenceDr. Ronald StifflerStiffler Scientific & Technologies Copyright (c) 2007-2008 Dr. Ronald Stiffler. All rights reserved.Unauthorized Copying of this material is strictly forbidden.Violation of these Copyrights will be enforced.

***Current G2 Documentation Manual***

Generation II SEC Exciters One of the first G2 Exciters built on a SEC15-3 PCB. The SEC15-3 was designed to allow for upgrading to a SEC14-G2, although a new PCB was designed specifically for the SEC14-G2, which includes the additional functionality of an electrolysis cell driver.Alone came the SEC14-1G1 with the capability of doubling, tripling and quadrupling the recovered Spatial Energy. A method was developed much different from conventional doublers and triplers that required a minimal addition to a Basic SEC15-3. SEC14-1G1 Prototype The exciter on the left is a modified SEC15-3 with parasitic plate and the prototype on the right is a three stage SEC14-1G1. The difference between the two neon's intensities tells the whole story. Copyright 2006-2008 Dr. Ronald Stiffler. All rights reserved.Revised: 07/01/2008

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