S PHC

Nm 2008-009 s phc chnh thc c a vo ging dy bc thpt v xut hin trong

thi i hc 2009
Phn I: KIN THC CN NH:
S phc bng nhau:
1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2
a a ; a bi b i a b b + +
S thc c dng: a+0i
S thun o c dng: 0+bi
Mdun ca s phc
2 2
z a bi z a b + +
S phc hin hp:
z=a+bi Lin hp ca z; k hiu
z
vi
z a bi
; z z z z
I. Dng lng gic ca s phc:
1. Argument ca s phc (Arg):
Gi r v ln lt l modun v argument ca s phc: z=a+bi
2 2 2 2
tan sin ; cos
z a b z a b
b b a
a r r


+ +


' '



2. Dng lng gic:
; 0 z a bi z + lun c dng:
2 2
2 2 2 2
a b
z a b i
a b a b
_
+ +

+ +
,
hay ( ) cos sin z r i + (1)
(1) c gi l dng lng gic ca s phc!
Lu : trc khi thc hin bt k php ton no lin quan n s phc dng lng
gic, ta phi quy v dng chun ( ) cos sin z r i +
3. Tnh ton vi s phc:
1 1
u a b i +

2 2
v a b i +
2 2
1 1
u a b +
( )
( )
1 1 1
2 2 2
cos sin
cos sin
u r i
v r i


+
+
1 1
u a b i
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 2 2 2
1 1
cos sin
u a bi
i
u u a b r

+
+
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2
u v a a b b i
u v a a b b i
+ + + +
+
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 2
. a cos sin u v a a b b a b b i r r i + + + + + 1
]
( ) ( )
1 1 2
cos sin
n n
u r n i n + 1
]
(Cng thc Moavro)
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 1
1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
a
. cos sin
a a b b a b b r u v
u i i
v v a b a b r

+
+ 1
]
+ +
4. Cn bc 2 ca s phc:
Cch 1: Dng cng thc Moavr
cch 2: Gii h sau:
2 2
2
x y a
z x yi
xy b

+
'

Phn II: GII THI:

1. Cch gii phng trnh bc 2 bng my fx-570es:
VD1. Gii phng trnh:
2
5 9 3 0 x x + +
Gii:
2
9 4.5.3 21
1
1
9 21
2 10
9 21
2 10
b
x
a
b
x
a
+ +



Li bnh: C l bn ang cm thy hi k l v t cu hi: Ti sao li a 1 bi ton lp
nh gii th ny?? ng vi chn nn! y chnh l k nng quan trng gii ton
bng my tnh! My fx570es c chc nng ng gi l Natural display hin th s trc
quan! Chc nng ny khng th tm thy bt k dng my MS no! gii bi ton lp
nh kia ta lm nh sau:
Lu h s: A=5 B=9 C=3 bng cch nhn:
5 _SHIFT_STO_A
9_SHIFT_STO_B
3_SHIFT_STO_C
Tnh
2
4 b ac
. Ta son vo mn hnh:
2
4 B AC
_ SHIFT_STO_D
Sau ta cho ra l kt qu nh sau:
Son vo mn hnh:
2
B D
A
+
ri nhn = ta c x1
2
B D
A

ri nhn = ta c x2
y chnh l tin ta gii cc phng trnh phc sau ny! nu luyn tp thnh
thc, ta s gii mi phng trnh bc 2 v phng trnh phc m khng cn giy
nhp! Ta cng n vi VD2:
VD2. Gii phng trnh sau trn tp s phc:
2
4 2 9 0 z z + +
Gii:
2
4 2 35 b ac i

1
1
1 35
2 4 4
1 35
2 4 4
b
x i
a
b
x i
a
+
+


Li bnh: S dng cch bm my thng thng, phng trnh cho ra nghim xu.
Bm tip Mode_2:CMPLX vo me nu tnh ton vi s phc!
Lu A=4 B=2 C=9
Phng trnh c 2 nghim phc v th lun tn ti

xc nh. Son vo mn
hnh biu thc sau:
2
4 B AC
_ SHIFT_STO_D Ta c D=2 35i
Sau th vo cng thc nghim nh phng trnh lp nh va gii, ta c kt
qu.
Qua bi trn ta thy them phn no cng dng ca my 570es. Nghim xu lun l
ni m nh ca ngi lm ton v cc th sinh khi lm bi. Qu trnh khai, trc cn,
lm gn mt kh nhiu thi gian. Trong khi bn bn cnh ang h hc tnh

ta
qua v d 3:
VD3. Gii phng trnh phc:
4 2
2 2 2 2 1 0 z iz i + +
(1)
Gii:
t t=x
2
; (1) tr thnh:
2
2 2 2 2 1 0 t it i + +
(2) : a-b+c=0 t=-1 1 2 2 t i
Vi t=-1
2 2
x i x i t
Vi:
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2
1 2 2 2 2 2 t i i x i x i t
Vy phng trnh c 4 nghim: x i t ;
( )
2 x i t
VD4. Gii phng trnh phc:( ) ( ) ( )
2
1 8 3 5 2 0 i x i x i + + + +
Gii:
Ta c: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
8 12 1 5 2 21 20 2 5 i i i i i + + +
( ) 2 5i t
T ta c:
( )
( )
1
1
8 2 5
3
2 2 1
8 2 5 5 2
5(1 )
2 2 1 1
b i i
x
a i
b i i i
x i
a i i
+ + +

+
+ +

+ +
Trong bi trn ta n chng cng on gii h phng trnh tm

bng
mnh : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
8 12 1 5 2 21 20 2 5 i i i i i + + +
VD5. Gii phng trnh sau trn tp s phc, bit phng trnh c 1
nghim thun o: ( ) ( ) ( )
3 2
3 5 5 8 5 0 1 z i z i z i + + + + +
Gii:
( ) ( ) ( )
2
1 3 4 1 5 0 z i z i z i 1 + +
]
( ) ( )
2
0
3 4 1 5 0 2
z i z i
z i z i

+ +

Gii (2)
( )
2
1
2
3 4 1 2 1 2
2 3
2
1
2
i i i
b
z i
a
b
z i
a
+ + +

+
+

Li bnh: Trong phng trnh trn ta may mn m c 1 nghim l z=I sau ta chia
theo s Horner (Xem ph lc) ri cui cng bt gii di dng, ta n chng bng cch
phn tch thnh tch: ( ) ( ) ( )
2
1 3 4 1 5 0 z i z i z i 1 + +
]
.
tin tnh nhanh s Horner v khng s sai ta s dng cch lin hon bm nh sau:
1
( ) 3 5i + ( ) 5 8i +
5 i +
i 1
;; l cc s cn in. u tin ta nhn 1_=. lu vo bin nh Ans.
Sau ta son tip vo mn hnh:
Ans_x_i_+_A (gi i bng cch vo Mode_CMPLX nhn SHIFT_ENG)
Nhn tip CALC. My hi A? ta nhp vo: ( ) 3 5i + ri nhn =. c -3-4i, ta ghi kt qu
vo v tr .
Bm CALC my hi tip A?: ta nhp vo: ( ) 5 8i + nhn = ta c -1+5i ta ghi kt qu vo
v tr .
Tip tc lm nh vy cho n ht. ta c s Horner hon thin.
Cc bn tng qut cch lm trn cho cc dng p dng s Horner khc khi cn phn tch
1 a thc no !
VD6. Tnh:
2010
1 3
1
i
A
i
_
+

,
Gii:
( )
1 3 1 3 1 3
1
1 2 2
i
i
i
+ +
+

7 7
2 cos sin
12 12
i
_
+

,
p dng cng thc Moavr:
( )
( )
2010
1005 1005
2010.7 2010.7
2 cos sin 2 0 2
12 12
A i i i
_
+ +

,
Li bnh: Gp dng bi tnh ton phc tp nh bi trn ta dng my tnh bc t trong ra
ngoi v gi kt qu ra nh bc (1). u tin ta bc:
1 3 1 3 1 3
1 2 2
i
i
i
+ +
+

Ri nhn tip Ans_SHIFT_2(cmplx)_3( r ) tm modun v

arg ca s phc cn tm. Nhn = ta c
7
2
12

.
Cc bn c th son nguyn biu thc v dng php gi ( r ) tuy nhin ta nn trnh
by nh bc 1 gim kho tng l mnh lm th cng!!!
Sau ta dng cng thc Moavr. Dng my tnh tnh ra gi tr c th ca gi tr
lng gic. My tnh chng ta ch tnh c gi tr s phc ^2,^3 ch khng tnh
c gi tr bc cao hay khai cn. Do gp biu thc s phc bc 2, bc 3 ta c th
dng my tnh cho tin!
s phc dng lng gic phi l:
( ) cos sin z r i +
(cos trc sin sau). Ta phi
nh dng trnh lm sai!
My tnh c th tnh c cc s phc bc 2, bc 3 v khng th tnh bc cao hn
hay ly cn, do gp s phc dng bc 2, bc 3 ta c dng my v tnh cho tin
Dng 2: Tm tp hp s phc trn mt phng phc, tnh cht ca s phc.
Cho :
1
; ( ; ) z x yi A x y hay +
( ; ) u x y
r
2
' ' ; ( '; ') z x y i A x y hay +
( '; ') v x y
r
2 2 2
; 0 z R R x y R > + ng trn tm 0 Bn knh R
2 2 2
; 0 z R R x y R > + Hnh trn tm 0 bn knh R
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2
; 0 z a bi R R x a x b R > + ng trn tm I(a;b) bn knh R
Bi Tp:
VD7. Chng minh rng:
( )
3
3
z z
z z

+
l s o:
Gii:
Ta tnh s phc lin hip:
( ) ( ) ( )
3 3 3
3 3 3
z z z z z z
z z z z z z


+ + +
Vy:
( )
3
3
z z
z z

+
l s o
Li bnh: z l s thc z=
z
z l s o z=-
z
Ta c th tnh theo kiu khai trin z=a+bi, tuy nhin ta c th suy ra t s phc lin hip
VD8. Tm s phc z tha mn:
( ) 2 10
. 25
z i
z z

'

Gii:
Gi s phc cn tm l
z x yi +
( ) ( ) ( ) 2 2 1 z i x y i + +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
2 2 1 10 2 1 10 z i x y x y + + +
Li c:
2 2
. 25 z z x y +
Do : phn thc v phn o ca s phc cn tm l nghim ca h:
( ) ( )
2 2
2
2 2 2 2
2 2
4 2 20 10 2 2 1 10
5 10 100 25
25 25
25
x y y x x y
x x
x y x y
x y

+ +

+
' ' '
+ +
+

5 0
3 4
x y
x y





Vy c 2 gi tr z tha mn l:
5
3 4
z
z i

VD9. Tm phn o ca s phc z bit:

( ) ( )
2
2 1 2 z i i +
Gii:
Ta c:
( )
( )
2
2 1 2 2 1 i i + +
( ) ( )
( ) 1 2 2 1 2 5 2 2 z i i i + +
5 2 z i
Vy phn o ca s phc z l
2
Lu : Cc bc (1) (2) lm hon ton bng my tnh. Ta ch ghi ra chi tit coi nh chiu
l. Vy l ta mt 5 pht ly trn 1 im trong thi i hc 2010.
VD10. Trong mt phng Oxy tm tp hp biu din s phc z tha mn:
( ) 1 z i i z +
Gii:
Gi: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 1 1 z x yi z i x y i i z i x yi x yi xi y + + + + + + +
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
: 1 2 1 2 2 1 2
x y x y i
TheoGT x y x y x y x y y x y x y
+ +
+ + + + + + +
Vy tp hp s phc l ng trn tm I(0;-1) v c bn knh
2 R
Lu :
i vi dng ton tm tp hp im, cch t z=x+yi sau khai trin theo biu thc gi
thit lun dn n s thnh cng ca li gii!
VD11. Tm cc s thc x; y sao cho:
( ) ( )
3
1 x yi i +
Gii:
( ) ( )
3 2
3 2 2 3
2 3
3 0
1 3 3
3 1
x xy
x xy i x y y i
x y y

+
'

Xt:
( )
3 2 2 2
0
3 0 3 0
3
1: 0 1
1
2
2: 3
3
2
x
x xy x x y
x y
TH x y
y
TH x y
x



t

t
'

VD12. Cho s phc: ( )

2 2 2
; 7 13 ; 1 a xy x x y xy i b y y i c i + + + + +
Tm tp hp s phc z=x+yi tha mn a+c=b bit b l s phc.
Gii:
Ta c: ( ) ( )
2 2
1 1 a c xy x x y xy i + + + + + +
( )
2 2 2
1 7
1 13
xy x y
a c b I
x y xy y
+ +
+
'
+ +

Do b l s phc nn 0 y
2 3
0;
3
I
_


,
Ta c: ( )
2
2
2
2
1
1 1 1
7
7 20 0
1
1 1
13
13 7
x
x
x
x x x
y y
y y y y
I
x
x x
x
x x
y y
y y y y
_
_ _
+ +
+ + + + +

,

, ,

' ' '
_ _

+ +
+ +

, ,
1
5
12
1
1 1
4
3
3 3
1
x
y VN
x y
x
x y
y
x x y
y

'

'

'

'

Vy s phc cn tm l:
1
1
3
z i + hoc 3 z i +
VD13. Tm tp hp s phc z tha mn
2
2
z
a
z

+
c mt Arg=
3

Gii:
( )
( )
2
. 4 2
2 2
.
2 2
2
z z z z
z z
a
z z
z
+
+

+ +
+
Theo gt: c 1 Arg =
( ) ( )
( ) . 4 2 1 3 ; 0
3
z z z z l i l R l

+ + >
Gi:
z x yi +
th
( )
2 2
. 4 2 4 4 3 z z z z x y yi l l i + + + +
( )
2
2 2 2
2 3 16
4 4 3 0
3 3
y x y x y
_
+ > +


,
Vy trong mt phng phc, tp hp s z l ng trn tm
2 3
0;
3
I
_


,
c
4 3
3
R
nm
trn trc thc.
Bi tp t luyn
1) Tm tp hp cc im biu din z trn mt phng phc:
a. ( )
2
2
. 4 z z z
Gi :
1
y
x
v
1
y
x

b.
4 z i z i + +
Gi :
1 2
4 MF MF +
Vy tp hp z l elip c 2 tiu im ( )
1 2
( ; 0) ; 0 F i F i v di trc ln 2a=4
2) Tm module v Argument ca s phc:
21
5 3 3
1 2 3
i
z
i
_
+

+
,
Gi : Bc t trong ra ngoi bng my tnh sau dng cng thc Moavr
O
y
x
3) Cho s phc z tha mn
( )
3
1 3
1
i
z
i

Tm module ca s phc
a z iz +
Gi : Bc t trong ra ngoi, t t s n mu s. Dng hm CONJG trong menu
CMPLX.
p s: 8 8 8 2 a i r