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BI GIA PHONG Gio vin truong THPT TRUONG VNH K.

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HNH HC KHNG GIAN LP 11, 12.
V HNH HNH HC KHNG GIAN DJNG THIET DIJN
& VAN DJNG.
I/ CC QUY TAC V HNH.
V nt lin ( ) d biu din nhung duong trng thy.
V nt dut doan (- - -) d biu din nhung duong bi che khut.
Dam bao tnh song song (Hnh bnh hnh, hnh chu nht, hnh vung, hnh thoi duoc biu din boi
hnh bnh hnh).
Hnh
khng
gian.
Hnh tu din ABCD.
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Hnh chp tam gic S.ABC.
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Hnh chp S.ABCD c ABCD l
hnh chu nht.
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Biu
din
hnh.
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II/ DJNG THIET DIJN & VAN DJNG TM GIAO TUYEN CUA HAI MAT PHANG.
Thit din (hay m}t ct) cua hnh (H) khi ct boi mt phng (P) l phn chung cua hnh (H) v
mt phng (P).
Kin thuc: Nu hai mt phng phn bit c mt dim
chung th chng c chung mt duong thng di qua dim
chung y. Duong thng chung cua hai mt phng goi l
giao tuyn cua hai mt phng.
A (P) (Q) A d (P) (Q) =
Phuong php 1: D tm giao tuyn cua hai mt phng, ta
tm hai dim chung (phn bit) cua hai mt phng y.
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Bi tp 1A. Cho hnh tu din ABCD c M l trung dim cua AB. Goi N l dim trn BD sao cho D
l trung dim cua BN. Dung thit din cua hnh tu din ABDC boi mt phng (CMN).
Huong dn v hnh v giai:
V CM trong (ABC).
V MN trong (ABD).
MN v AD cng nm trong (ABD).
Gia su MN ct AD tai I.
V CI trong (ACD).
Thit din l CMI.











BI GIA PHONG Gio vin truong THPT TRUONG VNH K.
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Bi tp 1B. Cho hnh tu din ABCD c M l trung dim cua AB. Goi N l dim trn BD sao cho D
l trung dim cua BN. Xc dinh giao tuyn cua cc cp mt phng sau dy:
a) (CMN) & (ABC).
b) (CMN) & (BCD).
c) (CMN) & (ABD).
d) (CMN) & (ACD).
Giai:
a) (CMN) (ABC) = CM.
b) (CMN) (ABC) = CN.
c) (CMN) (ABD) = MN.
d) C (CMN) (ACD) (1).
Goi { } I MN AD = I (CMN) (ACD) (2).
(1) v (2) (CMN) (ACD) CI = .
Bi tp 1C. Cho hnh tu din ABCD c M l trung dim cua AB. Goi N l dim trn BD sao cho D
l trung dim cua BN. Tm giao dim cua duong thng AD voi mt phng (CMN).
Giai:
AD v MN cng nm trong mt mt phng. Gia su AD ct MN tai I.
V MN nm trong (CMN) nn I cung l giao dim cua duong thng AD v (CMN).

Bi tp 2A. Cho hnh chp S.ABC c G l trong tm ABC. Goi M, N l cc dim sao cho
MA 2MS =

, NS 2NB =

. Dung thit din cua hnh chp S.ABC boi mt phng (GMN).
Huong dn v hnh v giai:
V MN trong (SAB). MN v AB cng nm trong (SAB).
Gia su MN ct AB tai H.
GH v BC cng nm trong (ABC). GH ct BC.
Goi { } K GH BC = .
GH v AC cng nm trong (ABC). GH ct AC.
Goi { } L GH AC = .
V NK trong (SBC).
V ML trong (SAC).
Thit din l tu gic MNKL.
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BI GIA PHONG Gio vin truong THPT TRUONG VNH K.
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Bi tp 2B. Cho hnh chp S.ABC c G l trong tm ABC. Goi M, N l cc dim sao cho
MA 2MS =

, NS 2NB =

. Xc dinh giao tuyn cua cc cp mt phng sau dy:
a) (GMN) & (SAB).
b) (GMN) & (ABC).
c) (GMN) & (SBC).
d) (GMN) & (SAC).
Giai: (Tuong tu bi tp 1B)
a) (GMN) (SAB) = MN.
b) (GMN) (ABC) = GH.
c) (GMN) (SBC) = NK.
d) (GMN) (SAC) = ML.

Bi tp 2C. Cho hnh chp S.ABC c G l trong tm ABC. Goi M, N l cc dim sao cho
MA 2MS =

, NS 2NB =

. Tm giao dim cua duong thng BC voi mt phng (GMN).
Giai:
Gia su MN ct AB tai H. BC v GH cng nm trong mt mt phng.
Goi K l giao dim cua BC v GH.
V GH nm trong (GMN) nn I cung l giao dim cua duong thng BC v (GMN).

Bi tp 3A. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c K, M, N ln luot l trung dim cua SA, BC, CD. Dung thit
din cua hnh chp S.ABCD boi mt phng (KMN).
Huong dn v hnh v giai:
V MN trong (ABCB).
MN, AB, AD cng nm trong (ABCD).
Gia su MN ct AB, AD ln luot tai I, G.
V IK trong (SAB). Gia su IK ct SB tai H.
V GK trong (SAD). Gia su GK ct SD tai L.
V MH trong (SBC). V NL trong (SCD).
Thit din l ngu gic MNLKH.
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BI GIA PHONG Gio vin truong THPT TRUONG VNH K.
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Bi tp 3B. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c K, M, N ln luot l trung dim cua SA, BC, CD. Xc dinh
giao tuyn cua cc cp mt phng sau dy:
a) (KMN) & (ABCD).
b) (KMN) & (SAC).
c) (KMN) & (SAB).
d) (KMN) & (SAD).
e) (KMN) & (SBC).
f) (KMN) & (SCD).
g) (KMN) & (SBD).
Giai: (Tuong tu bi tp 1B, 2B)
a) (KMN) (ABCD) = MN.
b) (KMN) (SAC) = KE.
c) (KMN) (SAB) = KI.
d) (KMN) (SAD) = KG.
e) (KMN) (SBC) = MH.
f) (KMN) (SCD) = NL.
g) (KMN) (SBD) = HL.

Bi tp 3C. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c K, M, N ln luot l trung dim cua SA, BC, CD v O l giao
dim cua AC v BD. Xc dinh giao dim cua duong thng SO voi mt phng (KMN).
Giai:
SO v LH cng nm trong (SBD). Gia su SO ct LH tai T.
V LH nm trong (KMN) nn T cung l giao dim cua duong thng SO v (KMN).
(hoc dung dim T l giao dim cua SO v KE)

Ch : Ba mt phng (KMN), (SAC), (SBD) ct nhau di mt theo ba giao tuyn: SO,
LH, KE dng quy tai dim T.
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BI GIA PHONG Gio vin truong THPT TRUONG VNH K.
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III/ QUAN HJ SONG SONG V VAN DJNG TM GIAO TUYEN CUA HAI MAT PHANG.
Kin thuc: Nu hai mt phng phn bit c mt dim
chung th chng c chung mt duong thng di qua dim
chung y. Duong thng chung cua hai mt phng goi l
giao tuyn cua hai mt phng.
A (P) (Q) A d (P) (Q) =
Phuong php 1: D tm giao tuyn cua hai mt phng, ta
tm hai dim chung (phn bit) cua hai mt phng y.
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Phuong php 2: D xc dinh giao tuyn cua hai mt phng,
ta chung minh giao tuyn cn tm di qua mt dim chung
v song song voi mt duong thng d bit (Phuong php
chung minh hai duong thng song song).
M (P) (Q) ; (P) (Q) Mx / /d =
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Bi tp 1. Cho hnh tu din ABCD c cc dim K, M, N ln luot thuc cc canh AB, BC, CD. Dung
thit din cua hnh tu din ABCD boi mt phng (KMN) trong cc truong hop sau:
a) MN ct BD.
b) MN song song voi BD.
Huong dn v hnh v giai:
a) V MN trong (BCD). Goi { } G MN BD = .
KG, AD cng nm trong (ABD).
V KG trong (ABD). Goi { } H KG AD = .
V NH trong (ACD). V KM trong (ABC).
Thit din l tu gic MNHK.











b) K (KMN) (ABD) . MN // BD; MN (KMN) ; BD (ABD)
(KMN) (ABD) Kx / /MN/ /BD = . Goi { } H Kx AD = . Thit din l hnh thang MNHK.
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Bi tp 2. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c M, N ln luot l trung dim cua SA, SB v O l giao dim
cua AB v CD. Dung thit din cua hnh chp S.ABCD boi mt phng (OMN) .
Huong dn v hnh v giai:
BI GIA PHONG Gio vin truong THPT TRUONG VNH K.
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MN l duong trung bnh cua SAB MN/ /AB.
O (OMN) (ABCD) . MN (OMN) ; AB (ABCD)
(OMN) (ABCD) Ox / /MN/ /AB = .
Goi { } G Ox BC = ; { } H Ox AD = .
Thit din l hnh thang MNGH.











Bi tp 3. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c M, N ln luot l trung dim cua SA, SB v K l dim sao cho
KA 3KC =

. Dung thit din cua hnh chp S.ABCD boi mt phng (KMN) .
Huong dn v hnh v giai:
MN l duong trung bnh cua SAB MN/ /AB.
K (KMN) (ABCD) . MN (KMN) ; AB (ABCD)
(KMN) (ABCD) Kx / /MN/ /AB = .
Goi { } G Kx BC = ; { } I Kx AD = .
Truong hop dim I thuc canh AD (duong thng Kx khng
ct canh CD).
Thit din l hnh thang MNGI (tuong tu bi tp 5).
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Truong hop dim I nm ngoi doan thng AD.
Goi { } H Kx CD = ; { } J IM SD = .
Thit din l ngu gic MNGHJ.
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BI GIA PHONG Gio vin truong THPT TRUONG VNH K.
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IV/ QUAN HJ SONG SONG, QUAN HJ VUNG GC V TNH DIJN TCH THIET DIJN.
Bi tp 1. Cho hnh tu din ABCD c AD (ABC) , AD AC 4a = = , AB 3a = , BC 5a = . M l mt
dim ty trn canh AB. Dt AM x = (0 x 3a) < < . Mt phng (P) di qua M dng thoi song song
voi AD v BC. Tm x d thit din tao boi mp(P) v tu din ABCD c din tch lon nht.
Huong dn giai:
ABC vung tai A
2 2 2
(BC AB AC ) = +
Gia su (P) ct AC, CD, DB ln luot tai N, G, H.
AD // (P) (ABD) (P) MH // AD =
AD // (P) (ACD) (P) NG // AD =
BC // (P) (BCD) (P) HG // BC =
BC // (P) (ABC) (P) MN // BC =
MH // AD v AD (ABC) MH (ABC)
MH MN Thit din MNGH l hnh chu nht
5x
MN
3
= ;
4
MH (3a x)
3
=
2
MNGH
20x(3a x) 20 3a x x
S
9 9 2
+ | |
=
|
\ .

2
MNGH
max S 5a = khi
3a
x
2
= (M l trung dim cua AB)
Ch : Ta c th chung minh duoc tnh cht sau: Nu ct mt hnh tu din bng mt mt phng
song song voi hai canh di din cua hnh tu din th thit din l hnh bnh hnh.
Bi tp 2. Cho hnh tu din ABCD voi ABC vung tai A,

0
ABC 30 = , BC a = . BD (ABC) v
BD a = . M l mt dim ty trn canh BC. Dt BM x = (0 x a) < < . Mt phng (P) di qua M dng
thoi song song voi AC v BD. Tm x d thit din tao boi mp(P) v tu din ABCD c din tch lon
nht.
Huong dn giai: Gia su (P) ct AB, AD, DC ln luot tai N, G, H.
AC // (P) (ABC) (P) MN // AC =
AC // (P) (ACD) (P) GH // AC =
BD // (P) (ABD) (P) GN // BD =
BD // (P) (BCD) (P) HM // BD =
GN // BD v BD (ABC) GN (ABC)
GN MN Thit din MNGH l hnh chu nht
BCD vung cn tai B HMC vung cn tai M
HM MC a x = = . BMN vung tai B v

0
NBM 30 =

x
MN
2
=
2
MNGH
(a x)x 1 a x x
S HM.MN
2 2 2
+ | |
= =
|
\ .

2
MNGH
a
max S
8
= khi
a
x
2
= (M l trung dim cua BC)
BI GIA PHONG Gio vin truong THPT TRUONG VNH K.
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Bi tp 3. Cho hnh tu din ABCD voi ABC vung tai a,

0
ABC 30 = , AB a = . BD (ABC) v
BD a = . M l mt dim ty trn canh AB. Dt AM x = (0 x a) < < . Mt phng (P) di qua M v
vung gc voi AB. Tm x d thit din tao boi mp(P) v tu din ABCD c din tch lon nht.
Huong dn giai:
AB (P) AB MN , AB MH
MN // BD, MH // AC
BD // (P) (BCD) (P) GH // BD =
AC // (P) (ACD) (P) NG // AC =
MN // BD v BD (ABC) MN (ABC)
MN MH Thit din MNGH l hnh chu nht
MN x = ,
(a x) 3
MH
3

=
2
MNGH
x(a x) 3 3 x a x
S
3 3 2
+ | |
=
|
\ .

2
MNGH
a 3
max S
12
= khi
a
x
2
= (M l trung dim cua AB)
Bi tp 4. Cho hnh tu chp S.ABCD voi ABCD l hnh vung canh bng a, SCD vung cn tai S
v (SCD) (ABCD) . M l mt dim ty trn canh AD. Dt AM x = (0 x a) < < . Mt phng (P)
di qua M v vung gc voi AD. Tnh theo a v x din tch thit din tao boi mp(P) v tu din ABCD.
Huong dn giai:
Goi H, E ln luot l trung dim cua CD, AB.
SH CD SH (ABCD)
AD (SCD) v AD (P) (P) (SCD)
(P) ct SA, SB, BC ln luot tai N, G, K
MN // SD, GK // SC, NG //MK //AB.
GK BK AM MN
SC BC AD SD
= = = GK MN =
Thit din l hnh thang cn MNGK.
SE ct NG tai I; HE ct MK tai J
IJ // SH IJ (ABCD) IJ MK
MK a = , NG a x = ,
x
IJ
2
=
MNGK
1 (2a x)x
S (MK NG)IJ
2 2

= + = .
Bi tp 5. Cho hnh tu din du ABCD c canh bng a. H l trung dim cua BC. M l mt dim ty
trn doan thng AH. Dt AM x =
a 3
0 x
2
| |
< <
|
|
\ .
. Mt phng (P) di qua M v vung gc voi AH.
Tm x d thit din tao boi mp(P) v tu din du ABCD c din tch lon nht.
Huong dn giai:
Goi O l tm duong trn ngoai tip ABC
OD (ABC) , AH BC
a 3
AH
2
= ,
a 3
OA
3
= ,
a 6
OD
3
=
Truong hop
a 3
0 x
3
< :
(P) ct AB, AC, AS ln luot tai I, J, K.
AH (P) AH IJ , AH KM
IJ // BC, KM // OD M l trung dim cua IJ
Thit din l KIJ cn tai K
IJ AM
BC AH
=
2x 3
IJ
3
= ;
MK AM
OD AO
= MK x 2 =
2 2
KIJ
1 x 6 a 6
S IJ.KM
2 3 9
= =

2
KIJ
a 6
maxS
9
= khi
a 3
x
3
= (M O v K D)
BI GIA PHONG Gio vin truong THPT TRUONG VNH K.
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Truong hop
a 3 a 3
x
3 2
< < :
(P) ct DC, DB, DH ln luot tai G, K, N.
Thit din l hnh thang cn IJGK
(di xung qua mp(DAH)) .
2x 3
IJ
3
=
KG DN OM
BC DH OH
= =
( )
KG 2 x 3 a =
MN HM
OD HO
=
( )
MN a 3 2x 2 =
( ) ( ) ( ) IJGK
1 4x 3 3a 3 2
S (IJ KG)MN a 3 2x 2 4x a 3 2a 3 4x
2 3 3 2
| |

= + = =
|
|
\ .

2
IJGK
6 4x a 3 2a 3 4x
S
6 2
| |
+

|
|
\ .

2
IJGK
a 6
maxS
8
= khi
3a 3
x
8
= .
Kt lun: Thit din c din tch lon nht
2
IJGK
a 6
maxS
8
= khi
3a 3
x
8
=
3
AM AH
4
| |
=
|
\ .
.
Bi tp 6. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c ABCD l hnh vung canh bng a. SA (ABCD) v SA a = .
M l mt dim ty trn doan thng AH. Dt AM x =
( )
0 x a 2 < < . Mt phng (P) di qua M v
vung gc voi AC. Tm x d thit din tao boi mp(P) v tu din du ABCD c din tch lon nht.
Huong dn giai: {O} AC BD = .
Truong hop
a 2
0 x
2
< < :(P) ct AD, AB, SB, SC, SD
ln luot tai E, F, G, H, K. AC (P) AC EF , AC HM
SA // HM SA // (P) SA // KE // GF
HM (ABCD) HM EF
Thit din l ngu gic EFGHK di xung qua (SAC).
Trong d EMHK v FMHG l hai hnh thang vung
di xung qua HM.
EFGHK EMHK
KH HM
S 2S 2 .EM
2
+ | |
= =
|
\ .

EM AM x = = ; KE DE a x 2 = =
HM CM
SA CA
=
2a x 2
HM
2

=
( ) EFGHK
2a x 2 1
S a x 2 .x 4a 3x 2 .x
2 2
| |

= + =
|
|
\ .

( )
( )
2
EFGHK
2 2
S 4a 3x 2 .3x 2 2a
12 12
=
2
EFGHK
a 2
maxS
3
= khi
a 2
x
3
= .
Truong hop
a 2
x 2 2
2
< :
Thit din l HEF. Goi I l trung dim cua SC.
OI // SA OI (ABCD) OI BD
2
HEF
1 1 a 2
S EF.HM BD.OI
2 2 4
= =

2
HEF
a 2
maxS
4
= khi
a 2
x
2
= (M O) .
Kt lun: Thit din c din tch lon nht
2
EFGHK
a 2
maxS
3
= khi
a 2
x
3
=
1
AM AC
3
| |
=
|
\ .
.
BI GIA PHONG Gio vin truong THPT TRUONG VNH K.
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B
A
2a
a
G
H
N
M
D
C B
A
S
x
V/ DJNG THIET DIJN V TNH THE TCH.
Bi tp 1. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c ABCD l hnh chu nht AB a = , AD 2a = . SA (ABCD) v
SA 3a = . M l mt dim ty trn SA. Dt AM x = (0 x 3a) < < . Mt phng (P) di qua M v vung
gc voi SA. Goi V l th tch khi tru c chiu cao AM v dy l thit din tao boi (P) voi hnh chp
S.ABCD. Tm x d V lon nht.
Huong dn:
SA (ABCD) v SA (P) (P) // (ABCD). (P) ct SB, SC, SD ln luot tai N, G, H.
ABCD l hnh chu nht Thit din MNGH l hnh chu nht.
MN MH SM
AB AD SA
= =
3a x
MN
3

= ;
2(3a x)
MH
3

=
2
2x(3a x)
V MN.MH.MA
9

= = voi x (0; 3a)


2
2 2
V' (3a x) 2x(3a x) (3a x)(3a 3x)
9 9
( = =


V' 0 =
x a (0; 3a)
x 3a (0; 3a)
=


a 3a 0
8a
3
9
0
V '
V
x


3
8a
max V
9
= khi AM x a = = .

Bi tp 2. Cho hnh lp phuong ABCD.ABCD c canh bng a. Goi M l trung dim cua BC v O
l tm cua hnh vung CDDC. Thit din tao boi hnh lp phuong ABCD.ABCD v (AMO)
chia khi lp phuong ABCD.ABCD thnh hai phn; tnh ti s th tch cua hai phn y.
Huong dn giai:
AM ct CD tai I. OI ct CC tai N v ct DD tai G.
Thit din l tu gic AMNG.
Goi J l hnh chiu vung gc cua O trn CD.
CI CD a = = ;
CN IC a 2
OJ IJ 3a/2 3
= = =
a
CN
3
= ;
2a
DG 2CN
3
= =
Th tch khi lp phuong:
3
V a = .
Thit din AMNG chia khi lp phuong thnh
hai phn. Phn chua CD gia su c th tch V
1

v phn cn lai gia su c th tch V
2
.
1 I.ADG I.MNC
V V V = .
3
I.ADG
2a
V
9
= ;
3
I.MCN
a
V
36
= ;
3
1
7a
V
36
=
1
2
V 7
V 29
= .

Bi tp 3. Cho hnh lp phuong ABCD.ABCD c canh bng a. Goi M, N ln luot l trung dim
cua CD, BC.
a) Tnh din tch thit din tao boi hnh lp phuong ABCD.ABCD v (AMN).
b) Thit din tao boi hnh lp phuong ABCD.ABCD v (AMN) chia khi lp phuong
ABCD.ABCD thnh hai phn; tnh ti s th tch cua hai phn y.
Huong dn giai:
BI GIA PHONG Gio vin truong THPT TRUONG VNH K.
Trang 11 http://giaphong.schools.officelive.com
/
/
M
A
A'
C
B
B'
C'
// //
N
I
_
\
\
/
/ /
H
G
J
I
N
M
B'
A'
D'
D
C'
C
B A

J
M
N
I
_
_
_
/
/ /
C'
A'
B'
D'

a) MN ct AB tai I v ct AD tai J. AI ct BB tai H. AJ ct DD tai G. Thit din l ngu gic
AHNMG.
1 1
IB' A' B' IA'
2 3
= = ;
1 1
JD' A' D' JA'
2 3
= =
1
HB' AA'
3
= ;
1
GD' AA'
3
= .
a 13
AI AJ
2
= = ;
3a 2
IJ
2
= .
2 2
INH
AIJ
S IH IB' 1
S IA IA' 9
| | | |
= = =
| |
\ . \ .

2 2
AHNMG AIJ INH JMG AIJ INH AIJ AIJ AIJ
2 7 7 3a 17 7a 17
S S (S S ) S 2S S S S
9 9 9 8 24
= + = = = = = .
b) Th tch khi lp phuong:
3
V a = . Thit din AHNMG chia khi lp phuong thnh hai phn. Phn
chua AB gia su c th tch V
1
v phn cn lai gia su c th tch V
2
.
1 I.AA' J I.HB' N J.GD' M I.AA' J I.HB' N I.AA' J I.AA' J I.AA' J
1 25
V V (V V ) V 2V V 2 V V
27 27
= + = = =
3
1 I.AA' J
25 25 1 1 25 1 1 3a 3a 25a
V V A' A.A' I.A' J a
27 27 3 2 27 3 2 2 2 72
= = = =
3a
2
3
2
47a
V
72
=
1
2
V 25
V 47
= .

Bi tp 4. Cho khi lng tru dung ABC.ABC c M l trung dim cua AB. Mt phng (MBC)
chia khi lng tru ABC.ABC thnh hai phn. Tnh ti s th tch cua hai phn d.
Huong dn giai:
(MBC) ct AC tai N. (ABC) // (ABC)
(MBC) (A' B' C') MN // BC // B'C' =
M l trung dim cua AB N l trung dim cua AC
(MBC) chia khi lng tru ABC.ABC thnh hai phn.
Gia su phn chua AA c th tch V
1
v phn cn lai c th tch V
2
.
Goi {I} BM CN = I AA'
IA' IM IN MN 1
IA IB IC BC 2
= = = =
1 A' MNABC I.ABC I.A' MN
V V V V = =
1 I.ABC I.ABC I.ABC ABC
1 7 7 1
V V V V S IA
8 8 8 3
= = =
1 ABC ABC ABC.A' B' C'
7 1 7 7
V S 2AA' S AA' V
8 3 12 12
= = =

2 ABC.A' B' C'


5
V V
12
=
1
2
V 7
V 5
= .

Bi tp 5. Cho khi chp tu gic du S.ABCD c canh dy bng a. Cc canh bn tao voi dy mt
gc 60
0
. Goi M l trung dim cua SC. Mt phng (P) di qua AM dng thoi song song voi BD chia
khi chp S.ABCD thnh hai phn. Tnh ti s th tch cua hai phn d.
Huong dn:
BI GIA PHONG Gio vin truong THPT TRUONG VNH K.
Trang 12 http://giaphong.schools.officelive.com
60
0
a
O
G
F
E
//
//
M
D
C
B
A
S
a
/
/
/
/
O
G
E
F
//
//
M
D
C
B A
S
H
J
N
I
=
=
=
/ /
_
/
_
_
J
I
M
N
D
C
B
A
/ /
I
/
E
//
//
S
R
G
C B
Goi O l tm hnh vung ABCD SO (ABCD)
SAC du c canh AC a 2 = .
a 6
SO
2
=
3
S.ABCD
a 6
V
6
=
(P) chia khi chp S.ABCD thnh hai phn. Gia su phn
chua S c th tch V
1
v phn cn lai c th tch V
2
.
Cch 1:
a 6
AM SO
2
= = ;
2 2
EF BD a 2
3 3
= =
2
AEMF
1 1 a 6 2a 2 a 3
S AM.EF
2 2 2 3 3
= = =
2 3
1 AEMF
1 1 a 3 a 2 a 6
V S .SM
3 3 3 2 18
= = =
Cch 2:
S.AMF S.AMF
S.ABCD S.ACD
V V 1 SM SF 1 1 1
V 2V 2 SC SD 2 3 6
= = = =
Tuong tu:
S.AME
S.ABCD
V 1
V 6
=
S.AEMF
S.ABCD
V 1
V 3
=
1 S.ABCD
1
V V
3
=
2 S.ABCD
2
V V
3
=
1
2
V 1
V 2
= .

Bi tp 6. Cho hnh chp tu gic du S.ABCD. Goi M, N, G ln luot l trung dim cua AB, AD, SC.
Chung minh rng mt phng (MNG) chia khi chp S.ABCD thnh hai phn c th tch bng nhau.
Huong dn:













MN ct BC tai I v ct CD tai J. IG ct SB E; JG ct SD tai F. Thit din l ngu gic MNFGE.
Mt phng (MNG) chia khi chp S.ABCD thnh hai phn. Gia su phn chua dinh C c th tch V
1

v phn cn lai c th tch V
2
. Goi V l th tch khi chp S.ABCD.
1 G.CIJ I.BME J.DNF
V V V V = .
Trong SOC v GH // OC
1
GH SO
2
= v GH (ABCD) .
1 1
BI BM BC IC
2 3
= = = .
G.CIJ CIJ
1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 9
V S GH CI.CJ.GH BC CD SO V
3 3 2 3 2 2 2 2 16
= = = = .
Goi R l trung dim cua BC
IE IB 1
IG IR 2
= =
I.BEM
I.CGJ
V IB IE IM 1 1 1 1
V IC IG IJ 3 2 3 18
= = = .

I.BEM I.CGJ G.CIJ
1 1 1 9 1
V V V V V
18 18 18 16 32
= = = = . Tuong tu:
J.DNF
1
V V
32
= .

1
9 1 1 1
V V V V V
16 32 32 2
= =
1 2
V V = .

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