Bi 1 - Gio trnh Minna no Nihongo

I. T VNG :
<watashi> : ti
<watashitachi> : chng ta, chng
ti
<anata> : bn
<minasan> : cc bn, cc anh, cc
ch, mi ngi
<san> : anh , ch
<chan> : b (dng cho n) hoc
gi thn mt tr con (c nam v n)
<kun> : b (dng cho nam) hoc gi
thn mt
<jin> : ngi nc
<daigaku> : trng i hc
<Sakura daigaku> : Trng H
Sakura
<Fuji daigaku> : Trng H Ph
S
<sensei> : gio vin
<kyoushi> : gio vin (dng ni

v ngh nghip)
<gakusei> : hc sinh, sinh vin
<daigakusei> : sinh vin i hc
<koukousei> : hc sinh ph
thng, hc sinh cp ba
<kaishain> : nhn vin cng ty
<shain> : nhn vin cng ty
<ginkouin> : nhn vin ngn
hng
<byouin> : bnh vin
<isha> : bc s
<kenkyuusha> : nghin cu
sinh
<ENJINIA> : k s
<denki> : in
<BAWA-denki> : tn cng ty in
kh Power
<BURAJIRU EA> : hng khng
Brazil
Tn mt s quc gia :
<nihon> : Nht
<AMERIKA> : M

 <IGIRISU> : Anh
<FURANSU> : Php
<BURAJIRU> : Brazil
<DOICHI> : c
<ITARIA> :
<SUISU> : Thu S
<chuugoku> : Trung Quc
<kankoku> : Hn Quc
<INDO> : n
<INDONESHIA> : Indonesia
<TAI> : Thi Lan
II. NG PHP :
Mu cu 01: ___ <wa> ___
<desu>: ------ l -------- y l mu cu khng nh; dng tr t
<ha> (c l <wa>)
- Cch dng : dng ni tn, ngh nghip,
quc tch ...
- V d :
+ Watashi wa MAIKU MIRA desu : ti l
Michael Miler


Mu cu 02: ___ <wa>___
<dewa arimasen>/ <ja
arimasen>
- y l mu cu ph nh; dng tr t
<wa>
- mu cu ny dng <ja
arimasen> hoc <dewa
arimasen> u c.
- Cch dng : th hin ph nh; ------- khng
phi l ------- V d :
+ SANTOSU-san wa gakusei dewa arimasen/
ja arimasen : anh Santose khng phi l sinh
vin
/

Mu cu 03: ____ <wa> _____
<desu ka ?>
- y l mu cu hi, dng tr t <wa> v

tr t nghi vn <ka> cui cu.

- Cch dng : dng hi; ----- c phi l ----khng ?/ ------ c phi khng ?
- V d :
+ MIRA-san wa kaishain desu ka ? : anh Miler
c phi l nhn vin cng ty khng ?
?
Mu cu 04: _____ <mo> _____
<desu>/ <desu ka ?>
- y l mu cu dng tr t <mo> vi
ngha l cng l (too)
- <mo> l tr tr c th dng hi v tr
li.
Khi dng hi th ngi tr li dng
<hai> xc nhn hoc <iie> ph
nh. Nu xc nhn th dng <mo>, ph
nh th phi dng <wa>.
- Cch dng : thay th v tr ca tr t <wa>
v mang ngha cng l
- V d :
+ Watashi wa BETONAMU-jin desu. Anata mo
(BETONAMU-jin desu ka) ? :

ti l ngi Vit Nam, bn cng l ngi Vit

Nam phi khng ?
(
) ?
+ Hai, watashi mo BETONAMU-jin desu.
Watashi wa daigakusei desu, anata mo ?
vng, ti cng l ngi Vit Nam. Ti l sinh
vin i hc, cn anh cng vy phi khng ?

?
+ Iie, watashi wa daigakusei ja arimasen.
(Watashi wa) kaishain desu :
khng, ti khng phi l sinh vin i hc, ti
l nhn vin cng ty.


Ch : i vi cc cu c qu nhiu ch ng
lp li watashi wa hoc cc cu hi trng
lp, c th lc b bt cho cu vn ngn gn.
Mu cu 05: ____ <wa> ____ <no>
____ <desu>

- y l mu cu dng tr t <no> ch
s s hu; mang ngha l ca nhng c khi
khng mang ngha ch ni hai danh t vi
nhau.
- V d :
+ MIRA-san wa IMC no shain desu : anh
Michael l nhn vin ca cng ty IMC
IMC
Mu cu 06:
_____<wa> <nansai>
<desu ka ?>
_____<wa> <oikutsu>
<desu ka ?>(lch s hn)
Tr li : _____ <wa> + (s m)<
sai><desu>
- y l mu cu hi tui ca ngi khc,
dng nghi vn t Nansai/ Oikutsu.
- Cch dng :
<nansai> : dng hi tr nh (di
10 tui).
<oikutsu> : dng hi mt cch lch
s.

- V d :
+ Taro-kun wa nansai desu ka ? : b Taro my
tui vy ?
?
Taro-kun wa kyuu-sai desu : b Taro 9 tui

+ Yamada-san wa oikutsu desu ka ? : ng
Yamada bao nhiu tui vy ?
?
Yamada-san wa yonjuugo-sai desu : ng
Yamada 45 tui

Ch : Cch ni tui : s m +
<sai> : ------ tui.
Cc tui tn cng l s 0,1,8 c bin m :
<issai> : 1 tui
<hassai> : 8 tui
<jussai> : 10 tui
<hatachi> : 20 tui
<nijuu-issai> : 21 tui
<nijuusan-sai> : 23 tui

 <yon-jussai> : 40 tui
<yonjuuroku-sai> : 46 tui
Mu cu 07: ?
<shitsure desu ga, onamae wa ?> : tn
bn l g ?
Mu cu 08:
? <anohito wa
dare desu ka ?> : ngi kia l ai vy ?
? <anokata wa
donata desu ka ?> : v kia l v no vy ?
(lch s hn)
- Mu cu dng hi v ngi khc, dng
nghi vn t Dare (ai ?)/ Donata (v no ?)
- V d :
+ Ano hito wa dare desu ka ? : ngi ny l ai
vy ?
?
+ Ano kata wa donata desu ka ? : v ny l
ngi no vy ?
?
+ Ano hito/ ano kata wa Kimura-san desu :

ngi kia/v kia l anh/ng Kimura.

/
Mu cu 09: ___A___ /
? <A wa nan/ nani desu ka ?> : A l ci g
?
Tr li : ___A___ _____
- y l mu cu hi v vt, dng, ...;
dng nghi vn t "Nan/ Nani"
- V d :
+ Kore/ Sore/ Are wa nan desu ka ? : ci ny/
ci / ci kia l ci g ?
Sore wa NOTO desu : l cun tp.
+ ? <sore wa nan desu ka ?
> : ci l ci g ?
: ci ny ?
y l Camera.
+ ? : Camera ca ai th ?
() : Camera ca ti y.
Mu cu 10:
<kochirawa san desu> : y l ngi
<kara kimashita> :

n t
Cu hi : ___ ?
<~wa doko kara kimashita ka ?> : bn t
u n ?
Cu tr li : thm "kara" vo sau a
danh : <kara kimashita>
: n t
- y l mu cu ni v qu hng, qu qun,
xut x, ca ngi khc; dng nghi vn t
"Doko/ Dochira" hi v ni chn.
- - (Go-shusshin) : qu hng,
qu qun
- (doko) : u ?
- ~ (~kara) : t u ?
- : n (ng t th qu kh)
- V d :
+ : ti l
Watt, ti n t nc Anh.
+ : ti n t M hoc
ngn gn : t M.

Mu cu 11: _____
? : ci ny trong ting Nht gi l g
th ?
_____ ______ : trong
ting Nht, ci l --------- V d :
+ ? : ci ny
trong ting Nht gi l g th ?
: trong
ting Nht, ci l <denwa> : in
thoi.
? : vy cn ci kia th sao
? - <zasshi> : tp ch.

!!! :aaa:

Bi 2 - Gio trnh Minna no Nihongo

I. T VNG :

 : <kore> y
: <sore>
: <are> kia
: <kono> ~ny
: <sono> ~
: <ano> ~kia
: <hon> sch
: <jisho> t in
: <zasshi> tp ch
: <shimbun> t bo
: <NOTO> tp, v
: <techou> s tay
: <meishi> danh thip
: <KA-DO> card
: <TELEHONKA-DO> card in
thoi
: <empitsu> vit ch
: <BO-RUPEN> vit bi
: <SHA-PUPENSHIRU> vit
ch bm
: <kagi> cha kho
: <tokei> ng h

: <kasa> ci d
: <kaban> ci cp
: <KASETTO TE-PU> bng
(casset)
: <TE-PUREKO-DA-> my
casset
: <TEREBI> ci TV
: <RAZIO> ci radio
: <KAMERA> ci my chp hnh
: <KOMPYU-TA-> my vi tnh
: <jidousha> xe hi
: <tsukue> ci bn
: <isu> ci gh
: <CHOKORE-TO> ko scla
: <KO-HI-> c ph
: <Eigo> ting Anh
: <Nihongo> ting Nht
: <~go> ting ~
: <nan> ci g ?
: <dou> th no ?
: <douzo> xin mi

 : <doumo> cm n
: <chigaimasu> khng phi, sai ri
: <sou desu ka> th ?
: <anou> .. ( ngp ngng khi
ngh hoc suy ngh 1 vn )
<honno kimochi desu>
y l cht lng thnh
: <korekara osewa
ninarimasu> t nay mong c gip
<kochirakoso yoroshiku>
chnh ti mi l ngi mong c gip .
II. NG PHP :
_____ ?<____wa
nan no~ desu ka ?>
- ngha: _____ l ci g ?
- Cch dng: y l mu cu dng hi v
th loi hay thuc tnh ca mt s vt, hin
tng.
- V d:
+ Kore wa nan no hon desuka ? (y l sch

g ?)
+ Kore wa Nihongo no hon desu. (y l sch
ting Nht)
_____ ? <____ wa
nan-youbi desu ka?>
- ngha: _____ l th my?
- Cch dng: Dng hi th, c th l ngy
hm nay hoc l mt s kin s vic g .
- V d:
+ Kyou wa nanyoubi desu ka ? Hm nay l
th my ?
+ Kyou wa kayoubi desu. Hm nay l th ba
+ KURISUMASU wa nanyoubi desu ka ? NOEL
l th my ?
+ KURISUMASU wa suiyoubi desu. NOEL ngy
th T.
_____<_____wa
nan-nichi desu ka?>
- ngha: _____ l ngy my?

- Cch dng: Dng hi ngy v c th l

ngy hm nay hoc l ngy ca 1 s kin g
.
- V d:
+ Otanjoubi wa nannichi desu ka? Sinh nht
bn l ngy my?
+ Watashi no tanjoubi wa 17 (juu nana) nichi
desu. Sinh nht ti ngy 17
<kore>/ <sore>/ <are>
+ ? ____ wa nan desu
ka ?
- ngha: Ci ny/ci /ci kia l ci g?
- Cch dng:
a. Vi <kore> th dng hi vt gn mnh,
-> ngi tr li khi tr li phi dng <sore> v
khi vt xa ngi tr li
b. Vi <sore> dng hi vt gn ngi ni
chuyn vi mnh, -> khi tr li dng <kore>
c. Vi <are> dng hi vt xa c ngi hi
v ngi nghe nn tr li vn l <are>
- V d:
+ Kore wa nan no hon desu ka? y l loi

sch g?
+ Sore wa Kanji no hon desu. l sch Kanji
/ / +
?

- ngha: ~ny/~/~kia l ~ g?
- Cch dng tng t mu cu s 4 nhng c
nhn mnh hn!
- V d:
+ Sono zasshi wa nanno zasshi desuka? cun
tp ch l tp ch g?
+ Kono zasshi wa KOMPU-TA- no zasshi desu.
cun tp ch ny l tp ch v Vi tnh.
Phn ph lc:
<nanyoubi desu ka ?> th my
?
<getsuyoubi> th Hai
<kayoubi> th Ba
<suiyoubi> th T

 <mokuyoubi> th Nm
<kinyoubi> th Su
<doyoubi> th By
<nichiyoubi> Ch Nht
<nannichi desu ka ?> ngy
my ?
Nht trong 10 ngy u ngi ta c cch
c khc i so vi cc ngy cn li, v chng
ta c th dng cho c hai trng hp l ngy
~ hoc ~ngy
<tsuitachi> ngy 1 (hoc 1 ngy)
<futsuka> ngy 2 (hoc hai ngy)
<mikka> ngy 3 (//)
<yokka> ngy 4 (//)
<itsuka> ngy 5 (//)
<muika> ngy 6 (//)
<nanoka> ngy 7 (//)
<youka> ngy 8 (//)
<kokonoka> ngy 9 (//)
<tooka> ngy 10 (//)

Cc ngy cn li ta m bng cch rp m s

vi ch <nichi>
- V d: jyuuichi-nichi : ngy 11
C 1 s trng hp c bit, v tng t cho
cc s cn li
- V d:
nijuu yokka : ngy 24
<juu yokka> : ngy 14
<juuku-nichi> : ngy 19 (im
khc bit so vi m s thng thng ca s
ny l s 9, ku thay v kyu)
<hatsuka> ngy 20
Bi 3 - Gio trnh Minna no Nihongo
I. T VNG :
<koko> y
<soko>
<asoko> kia
<doko> (nghi vn t) u ?
<kochira> (knh ng) y

 <sochira> (//)
<achira> (//) kia
<dochira> (//)(nghi vn t) u,
hng no ?
<kyoshitsu> phng hc
<shokudo> nh n, canteen
<jimusho> vn phng
<kaigishitsu> phng hp
<uketsuke> quy tip tn
<ROBI-> i snh (LOBBY)
<heya> cn phng
<TOIRE/ otearai> Toilet
<kaidan> cu thang
<EREBE-TA-> thang my
<ESUKARE-TA-> thang cun
<(o)kuni> quc gia (nc)
<kaisha> cng ty
<uchi/ ie> nh
<denwa> in thoi
<kutsu> i giy
< NEKUTAI> Cravat ( neck tie)

 <WAIN> ru ty (wine)
<tabako> thuc l
<uriba> gian hng
<chika> tng hm
<ikkai> tng 1
<nankai> (nghi vn t) tng my ?
<~en> ~ yn (tin t Nht bn)
<ikura> (nghi vn t) Bao nhiu (hi
gi c) ?
<hyaku> trm
<sen> ngn
<man> vn (10 ngn)
<sumimasen> xin li
<(~o) misete kudasai>
xin cho xem ~
~<ja (~o) kudasai> vy
th, xin cho ti (ti ly) ci ~
<shin oosaka> tn a danh
Nht
<ITARIA>

 <SUISU> Thu S
II. Ng php
<koko>/ <soko> /
<asoko> + _____
- ngha: y l/ l/kia l _____
- Cch dng dng gii thiu, ch cho ai
mt ni no
- VD:
+ Koko wa uketsuke desu. (y l bn tip
tn)
_____ + <koko>/ <soko> /
<asoko> + <_____ wa koko/
soko/ asoko desu>
<asoko>
- ngha: _____ l y//kia.
- Cch dng: dng ch r a im no
u hoc mt ngi no u. Thng
c dng ch cho ai mt ni no hoc
ngi no .

- VD:
+ Satou san wa soko desu. < anh Satou
>
+ Shokudou wa ashoko desu. < Nh n
kia>
______<_____wa doko
desuka.>
- ngha: _____ u?
- Cch dng: dng hi ni chn hoc a
im ca mt ngi no u.
- VD:
+ Koko wa doko desu ka? (y l u?)
+ ROBI- wa doko desu ka? (i snh u?)
+ SANTOSU-san wa doko desu ka? ( Anh
SANTOSE u?)
+ SANTOSU-san wa kaigijitsu desu. ( Anh
SANTOSE phng hp)
_____ + <kochira>/
<sochira>/ <achira> +
- ngha: _____ l y//kia (nu dng ch

ngi th c ngha l V ny//kia)

- Cch dng: Tng t vi cch hi a im,
ni chn, ngi trn. Nhng n c dng
th hin s lch thip, cung knh i vi
ngi ang nghe. Ngha gc ca cc t ny
ln lt l (Hng ny//kia)
- VD:
+ Kaigijitsu wa achira desu. (phng hp
ng kia )
+ Kochira wa Take Yama-sama desu. (y l
ngi Take Yama)
_____ ?<_____ wa
dochira desu ka?>
- ngha: _____ u? (nu dng cho ngi
th l : ____ l v no?)
- Cch dng: y l cu hi lch s cung knh
ca cch hi thng thng.
- VD:
+ ROBI- wa dochira desu ka? (i snh
hng no ?)
+ Take Yama-sama wa dochira desu ka? (ngi
Take Yama l v no ?)

 ______ ?<_____ wa
doko no desu ka?>
______ <_____wa ~ no
desu>
- ngha: _____ ca nc no vy?
______ l ca nc ~
- Cch dng: y l cu trc dng hi xut
x ca mt mn . V trong cu tr li, ta c
th thay i ch ng (l mn thnh cc t
nh <kore> <sore> v <are> a ra ng
trc tr t WA v
i t thay th vo v tr sau tr t NO th
s hay hn, hoc ta c th b hn lun ci t
i cho cu ngn gn).
- VD:
+ Kono tokei wa doko no desu ka? (ci ng
h ny l ca nc no?)
+ Sore wa SUISU no (tokei) desu. ( l ng
h Thu S)
_____ ? < _____
wa nankai desu ka?>

_____ <______wa
~kai/~gai desu>
- ngha: ______ tng my?
______ tng ~.
- Cch dng: y l cu hi a m ca mt
ni no tng th my.
- VD:
+ RESUTORAN wa nankai desu ka? (nh hng
tng my?)
+ RESUTORAN wa gokai desu. (nh hng
tng nm)
_____ ? ( _____ wa
ikura desu ka?)
______ (_____wa ~ desu)
[/COLOR]
- ngha: ______ gi bao nhiu?
_____ gi ~
- Cch dng: Dng hi gi mt mn .
- VD:
+ Kono empitsu wa ikura desu ka? (ci bt ch
ny gi bao nhiu?)

+ Sore wa hyaku gojuu en desu. (ci gi

150 yn)

Phn Ph:
< nankai desu ka ?> Tng my ?
< ikkai> tng 1
<nikai> tng 2
<sangai> tng 3
<yonkai> tng 4
< gokai> tng 5
<rokkai> tng 6
<nanakai> tng 7
<hakkai> tng 8
<kyuukai> tng 9
<juukai> tng 10
Cc tng sau cng m tng t v cc s
c bit cng c p dng cho cc tng cao
hn
+ V d:
tng 11 : jyuu-ikkai, tng 13: jyuu-sangai

Sayounara !
Phn thc tp cho mu cu bi 1
sabishii-san cm n bn rt nhiu
mnh s c gng, c g mong bn gip thm cho mnh nh
(*-*)
Mnh hc qua c nhng mu cu c bn nht ca
ting Nht 3 bi u, bi gi Yumi thy nn tp t cu
thc hnh s hu ch hn v s nh mu cu tt hn, hi
vng cc bn s cng lm vi Yumi c cu ng nht
ha
Cc bn th t v d cho my cu ny nha :
01. Ti l hc sinh ca trng ting Nht ng Du
02. Ti l sinh vin ca trng i hc Sakura
03. C y l bc s ca bnh vin FV
04. Anh y l nhn vin ca cng ty IBM
05. Bn ti l nhn vin ca ngn hng ACB
06. Yamada l k s tin hc

07. Anh Watto l k s in

08. Ch Suzu l nhn vin ca hng hng khng Nht Bn
09. Ch y khng phi l gio vin ting Anh
10. Bn c phi l nhn vin ca cng ty AFC khng ?
11. Anh y c phi l bc s ca bnh vin Ch Ry
khng ?
12. Chi l bn ca ti
13. Con mo ca nh ti l Nu
13. Ngi yu ca ch ti l anh Tng, k s tin hc
14. Ngy mai l sinh nht ca ch Sami
15. Cng ty ca ti l cng ty my tnh
16. Tn ca bn l Hoa phi khng ?
17. Quyn sch ny l ca bn ?
18. Bn l nhn vin ca ngn hng Agribank phi
khng ?

19. y l nh ca ti
20. M ca ti l gio vin ting Anh
Cc bn hy xem y nh mt tr chi nh v xem bn
lm ht nhng cu ny trong bao nhiu pht nh ?? V
vi 20 cu hy cho mi cu 0,5 im nha bn.
Yumi ngh vi nhng cu ny m lm ng ht th chc
chn ng php bi 1 rt vng ri ... gi Yumi bt u
tp t cu y cc bn cng lm vi Yumi nha v cho
Yumi bit p n ca cc bn nh.
Mata ne ! :aaa:
Yumi cng mi hc nn khng dm chc l mnh lm
ng, cc bn cn hc nhiu hn c Yumi ri, Yumi c
bi lm ri, bn xem ch no khng n cc bn ch cho
Yumi vi nha :
01. Ti l hc sinh ca trng ting Nht ng Du
--> Watashi wa Dong Du Nihongo gakkou no gakusei
desu
() Dong Du

02. Ti l sinh vin ca trng i hc Sakura

--> Watashi wa Sakura daigaku no gakusei desu

03. C y l bc s ca bnh vin FV
--> Kanojo wa FV byouin no isha desu
FV
04. Anh y l nhn vin ca cng ty IBM
--> Kare wa IBM no shain desu
IBM
05. Bn ti l nhn vin ca ngn hng ACB
--> Watashi no tomodachi wa ACB ginkou no shain desu
ACB
06. Yamada l k s tin hc
--> Yamada-san wa Kompyuta enjinia desu
--
07. Anh Watto l k s in
--> Watto-san wa denki enjinia desu

08. Ch Suzu l nhn vin ca hng hng khng Nht Bn
--> Suzu-san wa Nihon kokugaisha (Nihon EA) no shain
desu
- Kokugaisha : hng hng khng

09. Ch y khng phi l gio vin ting Anh

--> Kanojo wa eigo no sensei ja arimasen

10. Bn c phi l nhn vin ca cng ty AFC khng ?
--> Anata wa AFC no shain desu ka ?
11. Anh y c phi l bc s ca bnh vin Ch Ry
khng ?
--> Kare wa Cho Ray byouin no isha desu ka ?
Cho Ray
12. Chi l bn ca ti
--> Chi-san wa watashi no tomodachi desu
Chi
13. Con mo ca nh ti l Nu
--> watashi no neko wa Nu desu
Nu
13. Ngi yu ca ch ti l anh Tng, k s tin hc
--> Ane no koibito wa denki enjinia, Tung-san desu
, Tung

14. Ngy mai l sinh nht ca ch Sami

--> Ashita wa Sami-san no tanjoubi desu

15. Cng ty ca ti l cng ty my tnh

--> Watashi no kaisha wa Konpyuta no kaisha desu
16. Tn ca bn l Hoa phi khng ?
--> anata no namae wa Hoa desu ka ?
Hoa
Hay l c th ni --> Anata wa Hoa-san desu ka ?
17. Quyn sch ny l ca bn ?
--> Kono hon wa anata no desu ka ?

18. Bn l nhn vin ca ngn hng Agribank phi
khng ?
--> Anata wa Aribank ginkou no shain desu ka ?
Agribank
19. y l nh ca ti
--> Kore wa watashi no uchi desu

20. M ca ti l gio vin ting Anh
--> Haha wa eigo no sensei desu

Bi 4 - Gio trnh Minna no Nihongo

I. T VNG :
<okimasu> : thc dy
<nemasu> : ng
<hatarakimasu> : lm vic
<yasumimasu> : ngh ngi
<benkyoushimasu> : hc tp
<owarimasu> : kt thc
<DEPA-TO> : ca hng bch ha
<ginkou> : ngn hng
<yuubinkyoku> : bu in
< <toshokan> : th vin
<bijutsukan> : vin bo tng
<denwabangou> : s in thoi
<nanban> : s my ?
<ima> : by gi
<ji> : ~gi
<fun> <pun> : pht
<han> : phn na

 <nanji> : my gi ?
<nanpun> : my pht ?
<gozen> : sng (AM: trc 12 gi)
<gogo> : chiu (PM: sau 12 gi)

<asa> : sng
<hiru> : tra
<ban> : ti
<yoru> : ti

<ototoi> : ngy hm kia

<kinou> : ngy hm qua
<kyou> : hm nay
<ashita> : ngy mai
<asatsute> : ngy mt
<kesa> : sng nay
<konban> : ti nay
<yuube> : ti hm qua
<yasumi> : ngh ngi (danh t)
<hiruyasumi> : ngh tra

 <maiasa> : mi sng
<maiban> : mi ti
<mainichi> : mi ngy
<PEKIN> : Bc Kinh
<BANKOKU> Bangkok
<RONDON> Lun n
<ROSANZERUSU> : Los Angeles
<taihendesune> : vt v nh
<bangouannai> : dch v 116
(hi s in thoi)
<otoiawase> : (s in thoi) bn
mun bit / hi l
<(o) onegaishimasu> :
lm n
<kashikomarimashita> : hiu
ri

II. NG PHP :
ng T :
- ng t th qu kh

- ng t th hin ti v tng lai cch chia

ging nhau
A. ng t th hin ti - tng lai th lch
s : C ui l --masu
- V d :
+ <watashi wa kuji ni
nemasu (ti ng lc 9 gi)
+ <watashi wa
tamago wo tabemasu (ti n trng)
- Nu trong cu c t ch tng lai nh :
<ashita>(ngy mai)... th ng t trong cu
l th tng lai.
-V d :
+ <ashita
watashi wa RONDON e ikimasu> (Ngy mai
ti i Lun n)
(Tr t : vit l he nhng c l <e>)
B. ng t th qu kh : C ui l ch

mashita
Khi c ng t th hin ti ui -masu
-> Thay -masu bng -mashita c ng
t th qu kh.
- V d :
+ nemashita ( ng)
+ tabemashita ( n)
Tr T theo sau ng t c nhiu tr t,
nhng y l 3 tr t s cp :
1. e (c l e) : Ch dng cho 3 ng t
- ikimasu : i
- kimasu : n
- kaerimasu : tr v
2. o : Dng cho cc tha ng t nh : n
(ci g), ung (ci g), ...
3. ni : dng cho cc ng t lin quan
n thi gian nh
- nemasu : ng

- okimasu : thc dy
- yasumimasu : ngh ngi
- owarimasu : kt thc
- c Bit : aimasu ( gp )
V d :
+ watashi wa
shichiji ni nemasu (ti ng lc 7 gi)
+ watashi wa BAO
ni aimasu (ti gp Bo)

Bi 5 - Gio trnh Minna no Nihongo

I. T VNG :
<ikimasu> : i
<kimasu> : n
<kaerimasu> : tr v
<eki> : nh ga
<hikouki> : my bay
<fune> : thuyn/tu
<densha> : xe in
<chikatetsu> : xe in ngm

 <shinkansen> : tu cao tc
<BASU> : xe but
<TAKUSHI-> : xe taxi
<jidensha> : xe p
<aruite> <(ikimasu)> :
i b
<hito> : ngi
<tomodachi> : bn
<kare> : anh y
<kanojo> : c y
<kazoku> : gia nh
<hitoride> : mt mnh
<senshuu> : tun truc
<konshuu> : tun ny
<raishuu> : tun ti
<sengetsu> : thng trc
<kongetsu> : thng ny
<raigetsu> : thng ti
<kyonen> : nm ri
<kotoshi> : nm nay

 <rainen> : nm ti
<itsu> : khi no
<tanjoubi> : sinh nht
<futsu> : thng thng
<kyuukou> : tc hnh
<totsukyuu> : ha tc
<tsugino> : k tip
<~bansen> : tuyn th ~
<arigatou
gozaimashita> : cm n
<dou itashimashite> :
khng c chi

[B][COLOR="red"]II. NG PHP :[/B]

Mu Cu 1: __ ? <__wa
nani o shimasu ka ?>[/COLOR]
- Cch dng : Dng hi ai ang lm g
- V d :

+ ? <anata wa nani
o shimasu ka ?> (Bn lm g ?)
+ <watashi wa
tegami o kakimasu> (Ti ang vit th)
Mu Cu 2: __ ?
<__wa dare to nani o shimasu ka ?>
- Cch dng : Dng hi ngi no lm g
vi ai ?
- V d :
+ Mira ?
<Mira-san wa tomodachi to nani o shimasu ka
?> (Mira lm g vi bn vy ?)
+ Mira
<Mira-san wa tomodachi to satsuka- o
shimasu> (Mira ang chi banh vi bn)
Mu Cu 3: __ ?
<__wa doko de nani o shimasu ka ?>
- Cch dng : Dng hi mt ngi no
lm g mt ni no .
- V d :

+ Bibo ?
<Bibo-san wa kouen de nani o shimasu ka ?>
(Bbo lm g cng vin vy ?)
+ Bibo
<Bibo-san wa kouen de TENISU o shimasu>
(Bbo ang chi tenis cng vin)
Mu Cu 4: __
<__dare to nan de doko e ikimasu>
- Cch dng : Dng ni mt ngi no
cng vi ai, i n u bng phng tin g.
- V d :
+

<watashi wa koibito to densha de kouen e

ikimasu>
(Ti cng vi ngi yu i xe in n cng
vin)
Mu Cu 5: __ () ? <__
wa nani o (doushi) ka ?>
- Cch dng : y l dng cu hi c, khng

 hi ai v mt vn g .
- V d :
+ ?
<kinou anata wa eiga o mimashitaka>
(Ngy hm qua bn c xem phim khng ?)
+ <hai, mimashita> (C)
+ <iie,
mimasendeshita> (Khng)
--> Trong cc mu cu trn cc bn c th
thm vo thi gian cho ph hp vi cu v
ng t.
Ghi ch :
<doushi> : ng t
<shimasu> : chi, lm
Ph lc :
Cc th trong ng t :
1. Th khng nh : ui ca ng t l -
<-masu>
- V d :

+ <ikimasu>
+ <kaerimasu>
2. Th ph nh : ui ca ng t l -
<-masen>
- V d :
+ <ikimasen>
+ <kaerimasen>
3. Th nghi vn : Thm t <ka> vo sau
ng t
- V d :
+ ? <mimasu ka ?> : C xem
khng ?
4. Th khng nh trong qu kh : ui ca
ng t l -<-mashita>
- V d :
+ <mimashita> : xem ri
5. Th ph nh trong qu kh : ui ca ng
t l -<-masendeshita>
- V d :
+ <mimasendeshita> :

khng xem
6. Th nghi vn trong qu kh : Nh th nghi
vn ca ng t hin ti thm t <ka>
vo sau ng t
- V d :
+ ? <mimashita ka ?> : c xem
khng ?
Ch : trong cu c ng t khng dng
<desu> cui cu, <desu> ch
dng cho danh t.

Bi 6 - Gio trnh Minna no Nihongo

I. T VNG :
<tabemasu> : n
<nomimasu> : ung
<suimasu> : ht
<mimasu> : xem
<kikimasu> : nghe

 <yomimasu> : c
<kakimasu> :vit, v
<kaimasu> : mua
<torimasu> : chp
<shimasu> : lm, chi
<aimasu> : gp
<gohan> : cm
<asagohan> : ba sng
<hirugohan> : ba tra
<bangohan> : ba ti
<PAN> : bnh m
<tamago> : trng
<niku> : tht
<sakana> : c
<yasai> : rau
<kudamono> : tri cy
<mizu> : nc
<ocha> : tr
<koucha> : hng tr
<gyuunyuu> : sa
<MIRUKU> : sa
<JU-SU> : nc tri cy
<BI-RU> : bia

 <(o)sake> : ru sake
<SAKKA-> : bng
<TENISU> : tenis
CD <CD> : a CD
<BIDEO> : bng video
<tegami> : th
<REPO-TO> : bi bo co
<mise> : tim, qun
<RESUTORAN> : nh hng
<(o)hanami> : vic ngm hoa
<oosakajoukouen> :
tn cng vin
<sorekara> : sau
<chotto> : mt cht
<tokidoki> : thnh thong
<itsumo> : thng, lc no cng
<ishshoni> : cng nhau
<iidesune> : c, tt nh
<ee> : vng
<wakarimashita> : hiu ri

 <ja, mata> : hn gp li
II. NG PHP :
Mu cu 1: itsumo> (lc no cng
...)
Dng th hin ti, ch mt thi quen
thng xuyn.
Cu trc: thi gian + Ch ng +
<wa> + <itsumo> + <nani>
<o>, <doko> <e> + ng t
- V d :
+

<watashi wa itsumo gozen rokuji ni asagohan

wo tabemasu>
(Ti th lc no cng n ba sng lc 6h sng)
Lu : C th thm vo cc yu t nh : vi
ai, u... cho cu thm phong ph.
- V d :

+ Phan nh Phng

<watashi wa itsumo tomodachi to Phan nh
Phng KURAZU de SAKKA- o shimasu>
(Ti th lc no cng chi banh vi bn b
cu lc b Phan nh Phng)

Mu cu 2: ishshoni> (Cng
nhau)
Dng mi mt ai lm vic g cng
vi mnh.
Cu hi:
(thi gian) + Ch ng + <wa> +
<ishshoni> + ni chn + <de> +
<nani> <o> + <doko> <e>; <ni>
+ ng t + <masen ka ?>
Cu tr li:
ng : <ee>, ng t +
<mashou>
Khng ng : V + <masen> (
....<chotto....>

- V d :
+
?
<ashita watashi wa isshoni RESUTORAN de
hirugohan o tabemasen ka ?>
(Ngy mai ti vi bn cng i n tra nh
hng nh? )
ng : <ee,
tabamashou><Vng, c thi>
Khng ng :
...)<tabemasen, (chotto....)><Khng c
(v g ...)>
Lu : Cng c th thm vo cc yu t nh :
vi ai, u... cho cu thm phong ph.

Yumi post tip t bi 7 n bi 9 lun :

Bi 7 - Gio trnh Minna no Nihongo
I. T VNG :
+ <dougu> : dng c

+ <kongo> : ngn ng
<okurimasu> : gi
<agemasu> : tng
<moraimasu> : nhn
<kashimasu> : cho mn
<karimasu> : mn
<oshiemasu> : dy
<naraimasu> : hc
<kakemasu> : gi in
<hashi> : a
<SUPU-N> : mung
<NAIFU> : dao
<FO-KU> : na
<hasami> : ko
<FAKUSU>
<(FAKKUSU)> : my fax
<WA-PURO> : my nh ch
<PASOKON> : my tnh c nhn
<PANCHI> : ci bm l
<HOCHCHIKISU> : ci bm giy
<SEROTE-PU> : bng keo

 <keshiGOMU> : cc gm
<kami> : giy ( tc )
<hana> : hoa (ci mi)
<SHATSU> : o s mi
<PUREZENTO> : qu tng
<nimotsu> : hnh l
<okane> : tin
<kippu> : v
<ryokou> : du lch
<omiyage> : qu c sn
<YO-ROPPA> : Chu u
<KURISUMASU> : l Noel
<chichi> : cha ti
<haha> : m ti
<otousan> : b ca bn
<okaasan> : m ca bn
<gomen kudasai> : xin li c ai
nh khng ?
<irasshai> : anh (ch) n
chi
<douzo oagari
kudasai>: xin mi anh (ch) vo nh

 <itadakimasu> : cho ti nhn

Lu :
+ T <hashi> c hai ngha. Mt ngha l
a, ngha cn li l cy cu. phn bit nu
ngha l a th c xung ging (ging nh
hch x vy ), cn ci kia th c ln ging.
+ Cn <kami> cng c hai ngha l tc
v giy.
+ T <hana> th cng tng t nh
<hashi> ngha l ln ging l hoa, cn xung
ging th l ci mi.

II\ NG PHP - MU CU
Mu cu 1: <dougu> + <de> +
+ V- <V-masu>
- Cch dng: Lm g bng dng c g .
- V d:

+
<watashi wa hasami de kami o kirimasu>
[Ti ct tc bng ko ( hoc ct giy cng
c )]
Mu cu 2: <wa> + <kongo> +
<de> + <nan desu ka ?>
- Cch dng: Dng hi xem mt t no
theo ngn ng no c l g.
- V d:
+ Good bye
<Good bye wa nihongo de nan desu ka>
(Good bye ting Nht l g th ?)
+ Good bye
<Good bye wa nihongo de sayounara desu>
(Good bye ting Nht l sayounara)
Mu cu 3: <dare> + <ni> +
<nani> + <o> + <agemasu>
- Cch dng: Khi tng ai ci g
- V d:
+

<watashi wa tomodachi ni PUREZENTO o

agemasu>
(Ti tng qu cho bn)
Mu cu 4: <dare> + <ni> +
<nani> + <o> +
<moraimasu>
- Cch dng: Dng ni khi mnh nhn mt
ci g t ai .
- V d:
+
<watashi wa tomodachi ni hana o
moraimasu>
(Ti nhn hoa t bn b)
Mu cu 5:
+ Cu hi: <mou> + + V-
? <V-mashita ka ?>
+Tr li:
- V- <hai, mou Vmashita>
- <iie, mada desu>

-Cch dng: Dng hi mt ai lm

cng vic no cha
- V d:
+ ?
<anata wa mou bangohan o tabemashita ka ?
>
(Bn n cm ti cha ?)
+ <hai, mou
tabemashita>
(Vng, ti n ri)
+ <iie, mada desu>
(Khng, ti cha n)

Bi 8 - Gio trnh Minna no Nihongo

I. T VNG :
+ Tnh t :
<HANSAMU> : p trai
() <kirei (na)> : (cnh) p, p (gi),
sch
() <genki (na)> : khe

 <shizuka> : yn tnh
<nigiyaka> : nhn nhp
() <yuumei (na)> : ni ting
<shinsetsu> : t t
<hima> : rnh ri
<isogashii> : bn rn
() <benri (na)> : tin li
() <suteki (na)> : tuyt vi
<ookii> : to ln
<chiisai> : nh
<atarashii> : mi
<furui> : c
<ii> : tt
<warui> : xu
<atsui> : (tr) nng
<tsumetai> : (nc ) lnh
<atsui> : (tri) nng
<samui> : (tri) lnh
<muzukashii> : (bi tp) kh
<yasashii> : (bi tp) d
<kibishii> : nghim khc
<yasashii> : du dng, hin t

 <takai> : t
<yasui> : r
<hikui> : thp
<takai> : cao
<omoshiroi> : th v
<tsumaranai> : chn
<oishii> : ngon
<mazui> : d
<tanoshii> : vui v
+ Mu sc :

<shiroi> : trng
<kuroi> : en
<akai> :
<aoi> : xanh

<sakura> : hoa anh o

<yama> : ni
<seikatsu> : cuc sng
() <(o)shigoto> : cng vic
<donna> : no

 <dore> : ci no
<sorosoro, shitsurei
shimasu> : n lc ti phi v
<mata irasshatte
kudasai>: ln sau li n chi nh.
II. NG PHP :
By gi chng ta s bt u lm quen vi tnh
t trong ting Nht
Trong Ting Nht c hai loi tnh t :
+ <ikeiyoushi> : tnh t <i>
+ <nakeiyoushi> : tnh t
<na>
1. Tnh t <na>
a. Th khng nh hin ti: Tnh t +
<desu>
- V d:
+ <Bo san wa

shinsetsu desu.>
(Bo th t t )
+ <kono heya wa kirei
desu.>
(Cn phng ny th sch s.)
b. Th ph nh hin ti: Tnh t +
<ja arimasen>
- V d:
+ <kono
heya wa kirei ja arimasen>
(Cn phng ny th khng sch s.)
c. Th khng nh trong qu kh: Tnh t
+ <deshita>
- V d:
+ A <A san wa genki
deshita>
(A th khe.)
d. Th ph nh trong qu kh: Tnh t +

 <ja arimasen
deshita>
- V d:
+ A
<A san wa genki ja arimasen deshita>
(A th khng khe.)
2. Tnh t <i>
a. Th khng nh hin ti: Tnh t +
<desu>
- V d:
+ <kono tokei
wa atarashii desu>
(Ci ng h ny th mi.)
+ <watashi
no sensei wa yasashii desu>
(C gio ca ti th du dng.)
b. Th ph nh hin ti: Tnh t <i>
s b ui <i> v thm vo

<kunai> + vn c <desu>
- V d:
+
<BETONAMU no tabemono wa takakunai
desu>
(Thc n ca Vit Nam th khng mc.)
cu trn, tnh t<takai> b
<i> thm <kunai> thnh
<taka kunai>
c. Th khng nh trong qu kh: Tnh t
<i> s b ui <i> v thm vo
<katta> + vn c <desu>
- V d:
+
<kinou watashi wa totemo isogashikatta
desu>
(Ngy hm qua ti rt bn.)
cu trn, tnh t<isogashii>
b <i> thm <katta> thnh

 <isogashi katta>
d. Th ph nh trong qu kh: Tnh t
<i> s b ui <i> v thm vo
<kunakatta> + vn c <desu>
- V d:
+
<kinou watashi wa isogashi kunakatta desu>
(Ngy hm qua ti khng bn.)
cu trn, tnh t<isogashii>
b <i> thm <kuna katta> thnh
<isogashi kuna katta>
Lu : i vi tnh t <i> khi nm trong cu
th khng nh u vit nguyn dng.
V d: <isogashii> khi nm trong
cu th khng nh vn l
<isogashii>
Ch : Tnh t c bit <ii> ngha l
tt.

- V d:
<ii desu>: khng nh hin ti
<yokunai desu>: ph nh trong
hin ti
<yokatta desu>: khng nh
qu kh
<yokunakatta desu>: ph
nh qu kh
3. Cch s dng <amari> v
<totemo>
a. <amari>: c dng din t trng
thi ca tnh t, lun i cng vi th ph nh
ca tnh t, c ngha l khng...lm.
- V d:
+Tnh t <na>
A
<A san wa amari HANSAMU ja arimasen>
(Anh A th khng c p trai lm.)
+ Tnh t <i>


<nihon no tabemono wa amari oishi kunai
desu>
(Thc n ca Nht Bn th khng c ngon
lm.)
b. <totemo>: c dng din t
trng thi ca tnh t, lun i cng vi th
khng nh ca tnh t c ngha l rt.....
- V d:
+ Tnh t <na>

<kono uta wa totemo suteki desu>
<Bi ht ny tht tuyt vi>
+ Tnh t <i>

<kono jidousha wa totemo takai desu>
<Chic xe hi ny th rt mc.)
4. Cc mu cu :

a. Mu cu 1: ____ + <dou> +
?
- Cch dng: Dng hi mt vthay mt
ngi no (t khi dng) c tnh cht nh th
no.
- V d:
? <fujisan wa dou desu
ka>
<Ni Ph S th trng nh th no vy?>
<fujisan wa takai
desu>
<Ni Ph S th cao.)
b. Mu cu 2: ___ + <donna> +
danh t + ?
- Cch dng: Dng hi mt ni no , hay
mt quc gia no , hay ai c tnh cht
nh th no. (tng t nh mu cu trn
nhng nhn mnh hn)
- V d:
+ A ?
<A san wa donna hito desu ka>

(Anh A l mt ngi nh th no vy ?)
A
<A san wa shinsetsu na hito desu>
(Anh A l mt ngi t t.)
+ ?
<Fujisan wa donna yama desu ka>
(Ni Ph S l mt ngn ni nh th no vy?)

<Fujisan wa takai yama desu>
(Ni Ph S l mt ngn ni cao.)
c. Mu cu 3: <hito> + <no> +
<mono> + + <dore> + ?
- Cch dng: Dng hi trong mt ng
vt th ci no l ca ngi .
- V d:
A ?
<A san no kaban wa dore desu ka>
<Ci cp no l ca anh A vy ?>
.......
<......kono kiiroi kaban desu>
<.......ci cp mu vng ny y.>

d. Mu cu 4: ___ + Adj 1 + +
<soshite> + Adj2 + <desu>
- Cch dng: <soshite> l t dng
ni hai tnh t cng (r vi ngon ; p vi
sch; ...) vi nhau, c ngha l khng nhng...
m cn....
- V d:

<HO CHIMINH shi wa nigiyaka desu, soshite

kirei desu>
<Thnh ph H Ch Minh khng ch nhn nhp
m cn sch s na.>
e. Mu cu 5: ___ + Adj1 + +
<ga> + Adj2 +
- Cch dng: Mu cu ny tri ngc vi mu
cu trn l dng ni hai tnh t m mt bn
l khen v mt no , cn bn kia th ch
mt no (r nhng d ; p trai nhng xu
bng........).

- V d:
B
<B san wa HANSAMU desu ga, warui desu>
<Anh B tuy p trai nhng m xu bng.>

<betonamu no tabemono wa takai desu ga,

oishii desu>
<Thc n ca Vit Nam tuy mc nhng m
ngon.>
BI 9 - Gio trnh Minna no Nihongo
I. T VNG
<arimasu> : c ( vt)
<sukina>: thch
<kiraina> : ght
<jouzuna>: .....gii
<hetana> : ......d
<SUPO-TSU> : th thao
<DANSU> : khiu v

 <ongaku> : m nhc
<uta> : bi ht
<KURASHIKKU> : nhc c in
<JAZU> : nhc jazz
<KONSA-TO> : bui ha nhc
<KARAOKE> : karaoke
<kabuki> : nhc kabuki ca Nht
<komakaiokane> : tin l
<CHIKETTO> : v
<goshujin> : chng (ca ngi
khc)
/ <otto / shujin> : chng (ca
mnh)
<okusan> : v (ca ngi khc)
/ <tsuma / kanai> : v (ca mnh)
<kodomo> : tr con
( <yoku (wakarimasu)> :
(hiu) r
<takusan> : nhiu
<sukoshi> : mt cht

 <~kara> : ~v, do
<doushite> : ti sao ?
<moshimoshi> : alo
II. NG PHP :
Mu cu 1: ____ + + <mono (
vt) + ga + arimasu> : c ci g ...
____ + + <mono ( vt) +
ga + arimasen : khng c ci g ...
- V d:
+ Lan

<Lan chan wa nihongo no jisho ga arimasu ka
?>
(Lan c t in ting Nht khng?)
+
<hai, nihongo no jisho ga arimasu>
(Vng, ti c t in ting Nht)
+ Quc ?

<Quc kun wa jitensha ga arimasu ka ?>

(Quc c xe p khng?)
+
<iie, jitensha ga arimasen>
(Khng, ti khng c xe p)
Mu cu 2:
Danh t + + <suki> + : thch
ci g ...
Danh t + + <kirai> + :
ght ci g ...
- V d:
+ Long ?
<Long kun wa nihongo ga suki desu ka ?>
(Long c thch ting Nht khng ?)
+
<hai, watashi wa nihongo ga totemo suki
desu>
(Vng, ti rt thch ting Nht)
Ch : Cc bn nn hn ch dng

<kirai> v t kh nhy cm vi ngi Nht,

cc bn nn dng ph nh ca <suki> l
<suki ja arimasen> cng
vi <amari> gim mc ca cu
ni, tr khi mnh qu ght th .
Mu cu 3:
Danh t + <ga> + <jouzu> +
: gii ci g ...
Danh t + <ga> + <heta> + :
d ci g ...
- V d:
+ B ?
<B san wa nihongo ga jouzu desu ka ?>
(B c gii ting Nht khng ?)
+ B

<iie, B san wa nihongo ga amari jouzu ja
arimasen>
(Khng, B khng gii ting Nht lm)
Ch : tng t nh trn, cc bn cng nn

trnh dng <heta> v n c th gy mch

lng ngi khc. Ch nn dng ph nh ca
<jouzu> cng vi <amari> l
<amari jouzu ja
arimasen>.
Mu cu 4:
Cu hi ti sao: <doushite~ka
?>
Cu tr li bi v:~<~kara>
- V d:
+ A
<kesa A san wa gakkou e ikimasen deshita>
(Sng nay A khng n trng)
Bui ti, B sang nh hi A :
B:

B:<doushite kesa gakkou e ikimasen deshita

ka ?>
<Ti sao sng nay bn khng n trng?>

A:
A:<watashi wa genki ja arimasen deshita
kara>
(Bi v ti khng khe)

BI 10 - Gio trnh Minna no Nihongo

I. T VNG
<imasu> : c (ngi, ng vt -> c
th t chuyn ng, c tri gic)
<arimasu> : c ( vt, cy ci ->
khng th t chuyn ng, khng c tri gic)
<inu> : con ch
<neko> : con mo
<ki> : cy
<mono> : vt
()
<FIRUMU><(FUIRUMU)> : cun phim
<denchi> : cc pin
<hako> : ci hp
<SUICHCHI> : cng tc in

 <reizouko> : t lnh
<TE-BURU> : bn trn
<BEDDO> : ci ging
<tana> : ci k
<DOA> : ca ra vo
<mado> : ca s
<POSUTO> : thng th
<BIRU> : ta nh cao tng
<kouen> : cng vin
<kissaten> : qun nc
<honya> : tim sch
<noriba> : bn xe, bn ga, tu
<ue> : trn
<shita> : di
<mae> : trc
<ushiro> : sau
<migi> : bn phi
<hidari> : bn tri
<naka> : bn trong
<soto> : bn ngoi
<tonari> : bn cnh

 <ichiban> : nht
<danme> : ngn th

II. NG PHP :
Mu Cu 1: Noun + + <Noun +
ga imasu> : c ai , c con g ...
Mu Cu 2: () + + t xc nh v
tr + + / + + /
?
<(tokoro) + no + t xc nh v tr + ni +
dare/nani + ga + imasu ka ?/ arimasu
ka ?> : u c ai hay vt g, con g
Nhng t ch v tr :
<shita (bn di)> <ue (
trn)>
<mae (ng trc)><ushiro
(ng sau>
<migi (bn phi)><hidari
(bn tri)>

<naka (bn trong)><soto (bn

ngoi)>
<tonari (bn cnh)> <chikaku
(ch gn y)>
<aida ( gia)>
- V d:
+ ?
<sono hako no naka ni nani ga arimasu ka>
(Trong ci hp kia c ci g vy ?)
+
<sono hako no naka ni hasami ga arimasu>
(Trong ci hp kia c ci ko)
Mu cu 3: ()<ya(nado)> :
chng hn nh...
- V d:
+
?
<kono kyoushitsu no naka ni nani ga arimasu
ka ?>

(Trong phng hc ny c ci g vy ?)
+ Cch 1:


<kono kyoushitsu no naka ni tsukue to hon to
empitsu to kaban to jisho ga arimasu>
(Trong phng hc ny c bn, sch, bt ch,
cp, t in.)
+ Cch 2:

<kono kyoushitsu no naka ni tsukue ya hon

nado ga arimasu>
(Trong phng hc ny c nhiu th chng hn
nh bn, sch...)
Nh vy cch dng ()<ya
(nado)> dng rt ngn cu tr li, khng
cn phi lit k ht ra.
Mu cu 4:
Danh t 1 + + Danh t 2 + + Danh

t 3 + + + /
<Danh t 1 + wa + Danh t 2 + to +
Danh t 3 + no aida + ni +
arimasu/imasu>
Hoc:
Danh t 1 + + Danh t 2 + +
+ Danh t 3 + + /
<Danh t 1 + to + Danh t 2 + no aida +
ni + Danh t 3 + ga + arimasu /imasu>
- V d:
+

<kissaten wa honya to hanaya no aida ni

arimasu>
(Qun nc th gia tim sch v tim hoa)
Hoc:
+

<honya to hanaya no aida ni kissaten ga

arimasu>

( gia tim sch v tim bn hoa c mt

qun nc)

<mata kondo
onegaishimasu> : hn k sau nh !!!

BI 11.
I. T VNG :
<imasu> : c, (ngi, ng vt)
<Nihon ni imasu> : Nht
Bn
<kakarimasu> : mt, tn
<yasumimasu> :ngh ngi

tui ?

<ikutsu> : bao nhiu ci ?; bao nhiu

<hitotsu> : 1 ci ( vt)
<futatsu> : 2 ci
<mittsu> : 3 ci
<yottsu> : 4 ci

 <itsutsu> : 5 ci
<muttsu> : 6 ci
<nanatsu> : 7 ci
<yattsu> : 8 ci
<kokonotsu> : 9 ci
<too> : 10 ci
<nin> : ngi
<hitori> : 1 ngi
<futari> : 2 ngi
<dai> : ci, chic (my mc)
<mai> : t, (nhng vt mng nh
o, giy, l th, ci a...)
<kai> : ln, tng lu
<ringo> : qu to
<mikan> : qu qut
<SANDOICCHI> : sandwich
() <KARE (RAISU)> : (cm) c ri
<AISUKURI MU> : kem
<kitte> : tem

 <hagaki> : bu thip
<fuutou> : phong b
<sokutatsu> : chuyn pht nhanh
<kakitome> :gi bo m
<EAME RU> : (gi bng) ng
hng khng
<funabin> : gi bng ng tu
<ryoushin> : b m
<kyoudai> : anh em
<ani> : anh trai (ti)
<oniisan> : anh trai (bn)
<ane> : ch gi (ti)
<oneesan> : ch gi (bn)
<otouto> : em trai (ti)
<otoutosan> : em trai (bn)
<imouto> : em gi (ti)
<imoutosan> : em gi (bn)
<jikan> : ting, gi ng h
<shuukan> : tun
<kagetsu> : thng

 <nen> : nm
<gurai> : khong
<dono kurai> : bao lu ?
<sorekara> : sau
<irasshaimase> : xin cho
qu khch !
() <ii (o)tenki desu ne> :
tri p qu nh !
II. NG PHP :
1. V tr ca t ch s lng trong cu :
ng sau tr t <ga>, <wo>
* Mu Cu :
Danh t + + / / / /
... + /
Danh t + ga + tsu / nin / dai /
mai / kai ... + arimasu / imasu
* V d:

<ima, kouen no naka ni otoko no hito ga

hitori imasu>
(By gi trong cng vin c mt ngi n
ng.)

<watashi wa SHATSU ga ni-mai arimasu>
(Ti c hai ci o s mi.)
2. Yu cu ai a cho mnh ci g :
<wo> + <kudasai>
* Mu Cu :
Danh t + <wo> + s lng +
<kudasai>
* V d:
<kami wo ni-mai kudasai>
(Lm n a cho ti hai t giy.)
3. Trong khong thi gian lm vic g :
dng tr t<ni>
* Mu Cu :
Khong thi gian + <ni> + V <V
masu>

* V d:


<isshuukan ni san-kai Nihongo wo
benkyoushimasu>
(Ti hc ting Nht mt tun ba ln.)
4.
<dono kurai> c s dng
hi khong thi gian lm ci g .
<gurai> t sau s lng c ngha
l khong bao nhiu .
* Mu Cu :
<dono kurai> + danh t +
<wo> + V<Vmasu>
Danh t + <ga> + s lng +
<gurai> + /
* V d :
Long
?
<Long-san wa dono kurai Nihongo wo
benkyoushimashita ka ?>

(Anh Long hc ting Nht c bao lu

ri ?)

< sannen benkyoushimashita>
(Ti hc ting Nht c 3 nm)


<kono gakkou ni sensei ga sanjuu-nin gurai
imasu>
(Trong trng ny c khong ba mi gio
vin.)
Lu : Cch dng cc t hi s lng
cng tng t tc l cc t hi lun ng
sau tr t.
* V d:

?
<anata no uchi ni TEREBI ga nan-dai arimasu
ka ?>
(Nh ca bn c bao nhiu ci ti vi ?)

<watashi no uchi ni TEREBI ga ichi-dai dake

arimasu>
(Nh ca ti ch c mt ci ti vi.)
Nhi
?
<Nhi-san no gokazoku ni hito ga nan-nin
imasu ka ?>
(Gia nh ca Nhi c bao nhiu ngi vy ?)

<watashi no kazoku ni hito ga yo-nin imasu>
(Gia nh ti c 4 ngi.)
BI 12.
I. NG PHP :
Ng php v Tnh t <i>, Tnh t
<na>
(Tip theo phn ng php v tnh t ca BI 8)

1. Cu so snh hn :
Noun 1 + + Noun 2 + + Adj +
Noun 1 + wa + Noun 2 + yori + Adj +
desu.
* V d :

.
<BETONAMU ryouri wa Nihon ryouri yori yasui
desu>
(Thc n ca Vit Nam th r hn thc n ca
Nht)

<kono kuruma wa ano kurama yori ookii
desu>
(Chic xe hi ny th ln hn chic xe hi kia)
2. Cu hi so snh :
Noun 1 + + Noun 2 + + + +
Adj + ?
Noun 1 + to + Noun 2 + to + dochira +
ga + Adj + desu ka ?

Cu tr li :
Noun + + + + Adj + .
Noun + no + hou + ga + Adj + desu.
* V d:
A B ?
<A-san to B-san to dochira ga HANSAMU desu
ka ?
(Gia anh A v anh B th ai p trai hn ?)
A
<A-san no hou ga HANSAMU desu>
(Anh A p trai hn)
3. Cu so snh nht :
Noun + <de> + <nani> + <ga> +
<ichiban> + Adj + ?
* V d:
?
<BETONAMU de doko ga ichiban nigiyaka
desu ka ?>
( Vit Nam th ni no l nhn nhp nht

vy ?)

<BETONAMU de HO-CHIMIN shi ga ichiban

nigiyaka desu>
( Vit Nam th thnh ph H Ch Minh l nhn
nhp nht)

?
<gokazoku de dare ga ichiban se ga takai
desu ka ?>
(Trong gia nh bn th ai l ngi cao nht?)

<kazoku de chichi ga ichiban se ga takai
desu>
(Trong gia nh th cha ti l ngi cao nht)
BI 13.
I. NG PHP :

1. <mono> ( vt) + <ga

hoshii> + / ?
Cch dng: Dng biu th mun c mt
ci g .
V d:
?
<ima, anata wa nani ga hoshii desu ka ?>
(By gi bn mun ci g ?)

<watashi wa PAN ga hoshii desu>
(Ti mun c mt bnh m.)
2. + + (, ) + V- + /
?
<nani + ga + (wo, e) + V-tai + desu /
desu ka ?>
Cch dng: Ni ln c mun c lm g .
ng t trong mu cu ny chia th -tai c
ui l , cch i nh sau:
b <masu> thm <tai>

<tabe masu> --> <tabe tai> :

mun n
<ne masu> --> <ne tai> : mun
ng

V d:
?
<ashita, anata wa nani wo shitai desu ka ?>
(Bn mun lm g vo ngy mai ?)
.
<ashita, watashi wa inaka e kaeritai desu>
(Ngy mai ti mun tr v qu.)
A ?
<A san wa nani wo tabetai desu ka ?>
(Anh A mun n mn g vy ?)

(watashi wa tempura wo tabetai desu>
(Ti mun n mn tempura)

Ch :
* Trng hp ph nh ca
<hoshii> v V-<tai> (c xem ging
nh mt tnh t ) --> ph nh ca n s
b <i> thm <kunai> :
<hoshii> -->
<hoshikunai> (khng mun)
V-<tai> --> V-<V-takunai>
(khng mun lm)
V d:

<watashi wa PAN ga tabetakunai desu>
(Ti khng mun n bnh m.)
3. Noun + / + Noun + +
<ikimasu>/ <kimasu>/
<kaerimasu>
Hoc Noun + / + V b ui
<masu> + + <ikimasu>/
<kimasu>/ <kaerimasu>
Cch dng: Dng khi mun biu th rng : i
n u lm g .

V d:
* ng t :


<watashi wa Nihon e Nihongo wo benkyoushi
ni ikitai desu>
(Ti mun n Nht Bn hc ting Nht.)

* Danh t :

<ashita, watashi wa Kyouto no omatsuri ni

ikimasu>
(Ngy mai ti i n l hi Kyouto)
BI 14.
I. NG PHP
1. ng t chia TH TE - <te kei>

A. CC NHM NG T :
ng t c chia lm 3 nhm :
1) NG T NHM I :
L nhng ng t c ui l ct <i> (trc
<masu> tc l nhng ch sau y:
<i>, <shi>, <chi>, <ri>, <hi>,
<gi>, <ki>, <ni>...)
V d:
<asobi masu> : i chi
<yobi masu> : gi
<nomi masu> : ung
Tuy nhin cng c mt s ng t c bit,
tuy c ui l ct <i> nhng c th n nm
trong nhm II, hoc nhm III.
V d:
<abi masu> : tm (thuc nhm II)
<kari masu> : mn (thuc nhm II)
<ki masu> : n (thuc nhm III)

2) NG T NHM II :
L nhng ng t c ui l ct <e> (trc
<masu> tc l nhng ch sau y:
<e>, <se>, <ke>, <ne>, <te>,
<be>.....)
V d:
<tabe masu> : n
<ake masu> : m
3) NG T NHM III :
Cn c gi l DANH - NG T. L nhng
ng t c ui l ch <shi>, v khi b
<masu> v <shi> ra th ci phn trc n
s tr thnh danh t.
V d: b <masu>
<benkyoushimasu> (v) : hc
--> <benkyou> (n) : vic hc
<kaimonoshimasu> (v) : mua
sm --> <kaimono> (n) : s mua sm

Tuy nhin cng c mt vi ng t cng c

ui l <shi> nhng khng phi l danh
ng t.
V d:
<hanashimasu> : ni chuyn.
B. TH TE :
Th Te l mt dng khc ca ng t. Trc gi hc
qua ng t th <masu>, v nhng ng t c
ui l <masu>.
Quy tc c bn chuyn t th MASU thnh th TE :
1) NG T NHM I :
* Nhng ng t c ui l <ki>, s i
thnh <i te>.
V d: b <masu>, i <ki> thnh
<i te>
<kakimasu> : vit --> <kaite>
<kikimasu> : nghe --> <kiite>

 <arukimasu> : i b -->
<aruite>
* Nhng ng t c ui l <gi>, s i
thnh <i de>.
V d: b <masu>, i <gi> thnh
<i de>
<oyogi masu> : bi -->
<oyoide>
<isogimasu> : vi v -->
<isoide>
* Nhng ng t c ui l <mi>,
<bi>, s i thnh <n de>
V d: b <masu>, thm <n de>
<nomi masu> : ung -->
<nonde>
<yobi masu> : gi -->
<yonde>
<yomi masu> : c -->
<yonde>

* Nhng ng t c ui l <i>,
<chi>, <ri>, s i thnh <tsu nh
v ch te>
V d: b <masu>, thm <tsu nh v ch te>
<magari masu> : quo -->
<magatte>
<kai masu> : mua -->
<katte>
<nobori masu> : leo -->
<nobotte>
* Nhng ng t c ui l <shi> th
ch cn thm <te>
V d: b <masu> thm <te>
<dashi masu> : gi -->
<dashite>
<keshi masu> : tt -->
<keshite>
2) NG T NHM II :
* i vi ng t nhm II, ch cn b

<masu> thm <te>.

V d: b <masu> thm <te>
<tabe masu> : n -->
<tabete>
<ake masu> : m -->
<akete>
3) ng t nhm III :
* i vi ng t nhm III, cng ch cn b
<masu> thm <te>.
V d: b <masu> thm <te>
<shi masu> : lm --> <shite>
<benkyoushi masu> : hc -->
<benkyoushite>
2. Yu cu ai lm g : V-<te> +
<kudasai>
V d:

<koko ni namae to juusho wo kaite kudasai>

(Lm n vit tn v a ch ca bn vo ch
ny)
3. Din t hnh ng ang xy ra, ang
lm (tng t nh th hin ti tip din
trong ting Anh)
V-<te> + <imasu> : khng nh
V-<te> + <imasen> : ph nh
V d:
*
<MIRA san wa ima denwa wo kakete
imasu>
(Anh Mira ang gi in thoi)
BAI 14
NG PHP
Ng php bi ny rt l kh, v y l mt
trong nhng ng php thng xuyn dng
trong ting Nht, nu khng nm k phn
ny, cc bn s khng th no bc ln tip
uc.

* Ng php 1:
<te kei>(TH TE)
Trc gi chc hn cc bn khi hc ng t
u ch hc qua ch khng h l ng t
trong ting Nht c chia lm 3 nhm. Trc
khi vo th <Te>, cc bn cn phi nm
vng v bit cch phn bit ng t no
nhm no.
A CC NHM NG T
1) NG T NHM I
ng t nhm I l nhng ng t c ui l
ct (trc <masu> tc l nhng ch
sau y:
, <shi>, <chi>, <ri>, <hi>,
<gi>, <ki>, <ni>...
V d:
<asobi masu> : i chi
<yobi masu> : gi
<nomi masu> : ung
...........

Tuy nhin cng c mt s ng t c gi l

c bit. Nhng ng t tuy c ui l ct
nhng c th n nm trong nhm II, hoc
nhm III. Tuy nhin nhng ng t nh th
khng nhiu.
V d:
<abi masu> : tm (thuc nhm II)
<kari masu> : mn (thuc nhm II)
<ki masu> : n (thuc nhm III)
2) NG T NHM II
ng t nhm II l nhng ng t c ui l
ct <e>(trc <masu> tc l nhng
ch sau y:
<e>, <se>, <ke>, <ne>, <te>,
<be>.....
V d:
<tabe masu> : n
<ake masu> : m
..........
ng t nhm ny th hu nh khng c

ngoi l (t ra l ti thi im Hira ang hc) .

3) NG T NHM III
ng t nhm III c gi l DANH - NG
T. Tc l nhng ng t c ui l ch
<shi>, v khi b <masu> v <shi> ra
th ci phn trc n s tr thnh danh t.
V d: b <masu>
<benkyoushi masu>: hc
---------------><benkyou> : vic hc
: hc --------------->
: vic hc
<kaimonoshi masu>: mua sm
--------------><kaimono> : s mua sm
: mua sm -------------->
: s mua sm
.......
Tuy nhin cng c mt vi ng t cng c
ui l <shi> nhng khng phi l danh
ng t.

V d:
<hanashi masu> : ni chuyn.
.............
B TH TE
Vy th Te l g ? Th Te l mt dng khc
ca ng t. Trc gi cc bn hc qua
ng t nhng th <masu>, v nhng
ng t c ui l <masu>. V by
gi th Te chnh l t th masu chuyn thnh
da vo mt s quy tc. y l quy tc c
bn:
1) NG T NHM I
Cc bn bit th no l ng t nhm I, v
y cng l nhm c cch chia rc ri nht.
* Nhng ng t c ui l <ki>, cc bn
s i thnh <i te>.
V d:
b <masu>, i <ki> thnh <i te>
<kaki masu> : vit

--------------------------------><kaite>
: vit -------------------------------->

<kikimasu> :
nghe-------------------------------><kiite>
: nghe------------------------------->

<aruki masu> : i
b-------------------------------><aruite>
: i b
------------------------------->
* Nhng ng t c ui l <gi> cc bn s
i thnh <i de>.
V d:
b <masu>, i <ki> thnh <i de>
<oyogi masu>: bi
----------------------------------------------><o
yoide>
: bi
---------------------------------------------->


<isogi masu> : vi
v-------------------------------------------><isoide>
: vi v
------------------------------------------->

* Nhng ng t c ui l <mi>, <bi>

cc bn s i thnh <n de>
V d:
b <masu>, <mi>,(<bi> . Thm
<n de>
<nomi masu> : ung
---------------------------------------><nonde>
: ung
--------------------------------------->
<yobi masu> : gi
---------------------------------------><yonde>
: gi
--------------------------------------->

<yomi masu> : c
---------------------------------------><yonde>
: c ------------------------------------->
i vi hai ng t <yobi masu> v
<yomi masu> th khi chia th <te>,
cc bn phi xem xt ng cnh ca cu
bit c n l ng t <yobi masu>
hay ng t <yomi masu>.
* Nhng ng t c ui l , <chi>,
<ri> cc bn i thnh <tsu nh v ch
te> (khng bit phi vit sao
V d:
b <masu>,<ri>,( ,(<chi> . Thm <tsu nh
v ch te>
<magari masu>:quo
----------------------------------------><magatt
e>
:quo

---------------------------------------->
<kai masu> : mua
----------------------------------------><katte>
: mua
---------------------------------------->
<nobori masu> : leo
----------------------------------------><nobott
e>
: leo
----------------------------------------->

<shiri masu> : bit

-----------------------------------------><shitte
>
: bit
----------------------------------------->
* Nhng ng t c ui l <shi> th ch
cn thm <te>
V d:
b <masu> thm <te>

<oshi masu> : n
-----------------------><oshi te>
: n ----------------------->
<dashi masu>: gi----------------------><dashi te>
: gi ---------------------->
<keshi masu> : tt---------------------><keshi te>
: tt----------------------->
* Ring ng t <iki masu> do l
ng t c bit ca nhm I nn s chia nh
sau:
b <masu>, <ki>. Thm <tsu nh v
te>
<iki masu> : i--------------------------------><itte>
:
i--------------------------------->
2) NG T NHM II
- Cc bn bit th no l ng t nhm II,

v y l nhm c cch chia n gin nht.

* i vi ng t nhm II, cc bn ch cn b
<masu> thm <te>.
V d:
b <masu> thm <te>
<tabe masu> : n
-------------------------------><tabete>
: n ------------------------------->

<ake masu> : m
-------------------------------><akete>
: m ------------------------------->

<hajime masu> : bt
u----------------------------><hajimete>
:bt u --------------------------->

* Mt s ng t sau y l ng t c bit
thuc nhm II, cch chia nh sau:
b <masu> thm <te>

<abi masu> : tm---------------------------><abite>

:
tm---------------------------->
<deki masu> : c th------------------------><dekite>
: c th--------------------->
<i masu> : c-----------------------------><ite>
: c------------------------------>
<oki masu> : thc dy---------------------><okite>
: thc dy---------------------->

<ori masu> : xung (xe)-----------------><orite>

: xung (xe)------------------>
<kari masu> : mn------------------------><karite>
: mn------------------------->

3)ng t nhm III

- Cc bn bit th no l ng t nhm
III. V nhm ny cch chia cng v cng n
gin.
V d:
b <masu> thm <te>
<shi masu> : lm, v
---------------------------><shi te>
: lm, v
--------------------------->
<sanposhi masu>: i do
---------------------------><sanposhite>
: i do
--------------------------->
<benkyoushi masu>:hc
----------------------------><benkyoushite>
: hc
--------------------------->
y l ng t c bit nhm III:
<ki masu> : i --------------------><kite>
: i -------------------->

* Ng php 2:
- Yu cu ai lm g : ng t trong mu
cu ny c chia th <te>, th cc bn
va mi hc.
V <te> + <kudasai> : Yu cu ai
lm g .
V d:

<koko ni namae to juusho wo kaite kudasai>
(Lm n vit tn v a ch ca bn vo ch
ny)

<watashi no machi wo kite kudasai>
(Hy n thnh ph ca ti)
* Ng php 3:
- Din t hnh ng ang lm ( tng t nh
th hin ti tip din trong ting Anh y m)
V <te> + <imasu> : khng nh
V <te> + <imasen> : ph nh

V d:
*
<MIRA san wa ima denwa wo kakete
imasu>
(Anh Mira ang gi in thoi)
*
<ima ame ga futte imasu ka>
(By gi ma ang ri phi khng ?)
+
<hai, futte imasu>
(, ng vy)
+
<iie, futte imasen>
(Khng, khng c ma)

* Ng php 3:
- Hi ngi khc rng mnh c th lm iu g
cho h khng ?
V <masu> + <mashou> +<ka>

V d:

<kasa wo kashi mashou ka>
(Ti cho bn mn mt cy d nh ?)

<sumimasen. onegaishi masu>
(Vng, lm n.)

Bi 15

Ng php bi ny vn thuc th <te>. V

th <te> th xin cc bn xem li bi 14.
* Ng php 1:
- Hi mt ngi no rng mnh c th lm mt
iu g khng ? Hay bo mt ai rng h c
th lm
iu g .
V <te> + <mo ii desu> + <ka>

V d:

<shashin wo totte mo ii desu>
(Bn c th chp hnh)

<tabako wo sutte mo ii desu ka>
(Ti c th ht thuc khng ?)
* Ng php 2:
- Ni vi ai rng h khng c php lm
iu g .
V <te> + <wa> + <ikemasen>
- Lu rng ch <wa> trong mu cu ny v
y l ng php nnkhi vit phi vit ch
<ha> trong bng ch, nhng vn c l
<wa>.
V d:

<koko de tabako wo sutte wa ikemasen>
(Bn khng c php ht thuc y)

<sensei, koko de asonde mo ii desu ka>
(Tha ngi, chng con c th chi y c
khng ?)
*
<hai, ii desu>

(c ch.)
*
<iie, ikemasen>
(Khng, cc con khng c php)
Lu : i vi cu hi m c cu trc
V <te> + <wa> + <ikemasen>
th nu bn tr li l:
* <hai> th i sau n phi l <ii desu> : c
php
* <iie> th i sau n phi l <ikemasen> :
khng c php
Lu : i vi ng t <shitte imasu> c
ngha l bit th khi chuyn sang ph nh l
<shiri masen>
V d:

<watashi no denwa bango wo shitte imasu
ka>
(Bn c bit s in thoi ca ti khng ?)
*
<hai, shitte imasu>
(Bit ch)
*
<iie, shirimasen>
(Khng, mnh khng bit)
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