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GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu Ngy son:............/............

ON TAP AU NAM (Tiet 1)

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: n tp, cng c, h thng ho cc chng ho hc i cng v v c (s in li, nitphotpho, cacbon-silic). 2. K nng: - Rn luyn k nng da vo cu to ca cht suy ra tnh cht v ng dng ca cht. Ngc li, da vo tnh cht ca cht d on cng thc ca cht. - K nng gii bi tp xc nh CTPT ca hp cht. 3. Thi : Thng qua vic rn luyn t duy bin chng trong vic xt mi quan h gia cu to v tnh cht ca cht, lm cho HS hng th hc tp v yu thch mn Ho hc hn. II. CHUN B: - Yu cu HS lp bng tng kt kin thc ca tng chng theo s hng dn ca GV trc khi hc tit n tp u nm. - GV lp bng kin thc vo giy kh ln hoc bng ph. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Khng kim tra. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1 I S IN LI 1. S in li GV lu HS: - y ch xt dung mi l nc. Qua trnh pha li ca chatrong n c t - S in li cn l qu trnh phn li cc cht thnh n ra ion la ie li c s n ion khi nng chy. - Cht in li l cht khi nng chy phn li thnh Nhg chakhi tan trong n pha li n t c n ion. ra ion la ng chaie li nh t n - Khng ni cht in li mnh l cht khi tan vo nc phn li hon ton thnh ion. Chaie li ma h la t khi Chaie li ye la t khi tan t n n cha t n u cha Th d: H2SO4 l cht in li mnh, nhng: tan trong n, ca pha t trong nu ch mopha so c c n c co t n + H2SO4 ? H + HSO 4

Hot ng 2 HS nhc li cc khi nim axit, baz, mui, hiroxit lng tnh. GV c th ly mt s th d nu cn thit.

Hot ng 3 HS nhc li iu kin xy ra phn ng trao i

Tie t 1

HSO ? H+ + SO24 4

hoa e pha li ra ion. tan u n

pha t n hoa pha li ra ion, tan n pha co la va to ta dda g n n i n n i i n pha t n trong dung d ch.

2. Axit, baz v mui


Axit, baz, muoi Axit la t khi tan trong Baz la t khi tan trong Muola p chakhi tan cha cha i h t n pha li ra ion H+ c n n pha li ra ion OH- trong n pha li ra cation c n c n kim loa (hoa NH4+) va i c Hiroxit lg tnh la n hiroxit tan trong n v co c a the pha li nh axit v co n a the pha li nh baz n anion go axit c

3. Phn ng trao i ion trong dung dch cc cht in li

GV: Mai Vn t ion. GV ?: Bn cht ca phn ng trao i ion l g ?

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Pha g trao oion trong n n i dung d ca chaie li ch c t n ch y ra khi co nhamo xa t t t trong ca ie kie sau: c u n - Ta thah chaketu. o n t t a - Ta thah chaie li ye o n t n u - Ta thah chakh o n t

Ba chala m gia n t la m so trong dung d ion ch.

Hot ng 4: GV lp bng sau v yu cu HS in vo. NIT 2 Cu hnh electron: 1s 2s22p3 m in: 3,04 Cu to phn t: N ? N (N2) Cc s oxi ho: -3, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5
NH3
+ 5
-3 thu e

II NIT PHOTPHO PHOTPHO Cu hnh electron: 1s22s22p63s23p3 m in: 2,19 Cu to phn t: P4 (photpho trng); Pn (photpho ) Cc s oxi ho: -3, 0, +3, +5
PH3 P4 H O + 5 Axit H3PO4: H O P O H O
-3 thu e 0 nhg e n

O HNO3 l axit mnh, c tnh oxi ho mnh.

Axit HNO : H O N 3

N2

0 nhg e n

HNO3

+ 5

H3PO4

+ 5

H3PO4 l axit 3 nc, mnh trung bnh, khng c tnh oxi ho nh HNO3. III CACBON-SILIC CACBON SILIC 2 2 2 2 Cu hnh electron: 1s 2s 2p Cu hnh electron: 1s 2s22p63s23p2 Cc dng th hnh: Kim cng, than ch, fuleren Cc dng tn ti: Silic tinh th v silic v nh hnh. n cht: Cacbon th hin tnh kh l ch yu, n cht: Silic va th hin tnh kh, va th hin ngoi ra cn th hin tnh oxi ho. tnh oxi ho. Hp cht: CO, CO2, axit cacbonic, mui cacbonat. Hp cht: SiO2, H2SiO3, mui silicat. CO: L oxit trung tnh, c tnh kh mnh. SiO2: L oxit axit, khng tan trong nc. CO2: L oxit axit, c tnh oxi ho. H2SiO3: L axit, t tan trong nc (kt ta keo), yu hn c axit cacbonic H2CO3: L axit rt yu, khng bn, ch tn ti trong dung dch. V. CNG C: 1. V sao khng nn ni cht in li mnh l cht khi tan trong nc phn li hon ton thnh ion ? 2. Da vo cu hnh electron nguyn t ca nit hy d on cc s oxi ho ca nit. VI. DN D: Xem li phn i cng v hp cht hu c, hirocacbon, dn xut halogen ancol phenol; anehit xeton axit cacboxylic.

GV: Mai Vn t

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ON TAP AU NAM (Tiet 2)

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: n tp, cng c, h thng ho cc chng v ho hc hu c (i cng v ho hc hu c, hirocacbon, dn xut halogen ancol phenol , anehit xeton axit cacboxylic). 2. K nng: - Rn luyn k nng da vo cu to ca cht suy ra tnh cht v ng dng ca cht. Ngc li, da vo tnh cht ca cht d on cng thc ca cht. - K nng gii bi tp xc nh CTPT ca hp cht. 3. Thi : Thng qua vic rn luyn t duy bin chng trong vic xt mi quan h gia cu to v tnh cht ca cht, lm cho HS hng th hc tp v yu thch mn Ho hc hn. II. CHUN B: - Yu cu HS lp bng tng kt kin thc ca tng chng theo s hng dn ca GV trc khi hc tit n tp u nm. - GV lp bng kin thc vo giy kh ln hoc bng ph. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Khng kim tra. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1: GV yu cu HS cho bit cc loi hp IV I CNG HO HU C cht hu c a c hc.
Hp chat hu c

Tie t 2

Hirocacbon

Da xuacu hirocacbon n t a

Hirocacbon Hirocacbon Hirocacbon khog no n no thm

Da xua Ancol, Anehit, Amino axit Axit n t halogen phenol, Xeton cacboxylic, Este Este

- ng ng: Nhng hp cht hu c c thnh phn phn t hn km nhau mt hay nhiu nhm CH2 nhng c tnh cht ho hc tng t nhau l nhng cht ng ng, chng hp thnh day ng ng. - ng phn: Nhng hp cht hu c khc nhau c cng CTPT gi l cc cht ng phn. V HIROCACBON ANKAN ANKEN ANKIN ANKAIEN ANKYLBEZ EN Cng CnH2n+2 (n ? 1) CnH2n (n ? 2) CnH2n-2 (n ? 2) CnH2n-2 (n ? 3) CnH2n-6 (n ? 6) thc chung c im cu to - Ch c lin kt n chc, mch h - C ng phn mch cacbon - C 1 lin kt i, mch h - C f mch cacbon, f v tr lin kt i v ng phn hnh hc - C 1 lin kt ba, mch h - C ng phn mch cacbon v ng phn v tr lin kt ba. - C 2 lin kt i, mch h - C vng benzen - C ng phn v tr tng i ca nhnh ankyl

GV: Mai Vn t ANKAN ANKEN ANKIN

Trng THPT L Th Hiu ANKAIEN

ANKYLBEZ EN Tnh cht - Phn ng th - Phn ng cng. - Phn ng cng. - Phn ng cng. - Phn ng th ho hc halogen. - Phn ng trng - Phn ng th H - Phn ng trng (halogen, - Phn ng tch hp. cacbon u hp. nitro). hiro. mch c lin kt - Tc dng vi - Phn ng - Khng lm mt - Tc dng vi ba. cht oxi ho. cng. mu dung dch cht oxi ho. - Tc dng vi KMnO4 cht oxi ho. VI DN XUT HALOGEN ANCOL - PHENOL DN XUT HALOGEN ANCOL NO, N PHENOL CHC, MCH H Cng thc CxHyX CnH2n+1OH (n ? 1) C6H5OH chung - Phn ng th X bng - Phn ng vi kim loi - Phn ng vi kim loi nhm OH. kim. kim. Tnh cht ho - Phn ng tch - Phn ng th nhm OH - Phn ng vi dung dch hc hirohalogenua. - Phn ng tch nc. kim. - Phn ng oxi ho khng - Phn ng th nguyn t H hon ton. ca vng benzen. - Phn ng chy. - Th H ca hirocacbon bng T dn xut halogen T benzen hay cumen. X. hoc anken. iu ch - Cng HX hoc X2 vo anken, ankin. VII ANEHIT XETON AXIT CACBOXYLIC ANEHIT NO, N XETON NO, N AXIT CACBOXYLIC CHC, MCH H CHC, MCH H NO, N CHC, MCH H CnH2n+1 C CmH2m+1 CnH2n+1?COOH (n ? 0) CnH2n+1?CHO (n ? 0) CTCT O (n ? 1, m ? 1) - Tnh oxi ho - Tnh oxi ho - C tnh cht chung - Tnh kh ca axit (tc dng vi Tnh cht ho hc baz, oxit baz, kim loi hot ng) - Tc dng vi ancol - Oxi ho ancol bc I - Oxi ho ancol bc II - Oxi ho anehit - Oxi ho etilen iu - Oxi ho ct mch ch anehit axetic cacbon. iu ch - Sn xut CH3COOH + Ln men gim. + T CH3OH. V. CNG C: 1. Thc nghim cho bit phenol lm mt mu dung dch nc brom cn toluen th khng. T kt qu thc nghim trn rt ra kt lun g ? 2. C th dng Na phn bit cc ancol: CH3OH, C2H5OH, C3H7OH c khng ? Nu c, hy trnh by cch lm. VI. DN D: Xem li phn ng gia axit cacboxylic v ancol.

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CHNG 1:
Tie t 3

ESTE - LIPIT

ESTE

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: - HS bit: Khi nim, tnh cht ca este. - HS hiu: Nguyn nhn este khng tan trong nc v c nhit si thp hn axit ng phn. 2. K nng: Vn dng kin thc v lin kt hiro gii thch nguyn nhn este khng tan trong nc v c nhit si thp hn axit ng phn. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: Dng c, ho cht: Mt vi mu du n, m ng vt, dung dch axit H2SO4, dung dch NaOH, ng nghim, n cn, III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Khng kim tra. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC I KHI NIM, DANH PHP H2SO4 a, t0 c Hot ng 1 C2H5OH + CHCOOH CH3COOC2H5 +H2O 3 GV yu cu HS vit phng trnh phn ng este etyl axetat ho ca axit axetic vi ancon etylic v isoamylic. H2SO4 a, t0 c CH3COOH + HO [CH2]2 CH CH3 GV cho HS bit cc sn phm to thnh sau 2 CH3 phn ng trn thuc loi hp cht este ? Vy este l CH3COO [CH3]2 CH CH3 + HO 2 g ? CH3 isoamyl axetat Hoc: GV yu cu HS so snh CTCT ca 2 cht sau y, Tng qut: H2SO4 a, t0 c t rt ra nhn xt v cu to phn t ca este. RCOOH + R'OH RCOOR' +H2O CH3 C OH CH3 C O CH2 CH3 Khi thay th nhm OH nhm cacboxyl ca O O axit cacboxylic bng nhm OR th c este. axit axetic etyl axetat CTCT ca este n chc: RCOOR R: gc hirocacbon ca axit hoc H. R: gc hirocacbon ca ancol (R # H) CTCT chung ca este no n chc: HS nghin cu SGK bit cch phn loi este, - CnH2n+1COOCmH2m+1 (n ? 0, m ? 1) vn dng phn bit mt vi este no, n chc n - C H O (x ? 2) x 2x 2 gin. Tn gi: Tn gc hirocacbon ca ancol + tn GV gii thiu cch gi tn este, gi 1 este minh gc axit. ho, sau ly tip th d v yu cu HS gi tn. - Tn gc axit: Xut pht t tn ca axit tng ng, thay ui ic?at. Th d: CH3COOCH2CH2CH3: propyl axetat HCOOCH3: metyl fomat II TNH CHT VT L - Cc este l cht lng hoc cht rn trong iu Hot ng 2 kin thng, hu nh khng tan trong nc.

GV: Mai Vn t

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HS nghin cu SGK bit mt vi tnh cht vt l - C nhit si thp hn hn so vi cc axit ng phn hoc cc ancol c cng khi lng mol phn ca este. t hoc c cng s nguyn t cacbon. GV ?: V sao este li c nhit si thp hn hn vi cc axit ng phn hoc cc ancol c cng khi lng mol phn t hoc c cng s nguyn t cacbon ? GV dn dt HS tr li da vo kin thc v lin kt hiro. GV cho HS ngi mi ca mt s este (etyl axetat, isoamyl axeta), yu cu HS nhn xt v mi ca este. GV gii thiu thm mt s tnh cht vt l khc ca este ? Th d: CH3CH2CH2C CH3[CH2]3CH CH3COOC2H5 0 OOH 2OH (M = 88), ts = 0 0 (M = 88) ts (M = 88), ts = 770C =163,50C 1320C Khng tan Tan nhiu Tan t trong trong nc trong nc nc Nguyn nhn: Do gia cc phn t este khng to c lin kt hiro vi nhau v lin kt hiro gia cc phn t este vi nc rt km. - Cc este thng c mi c trng: isoamyl axetat c mi chui chn, etyl butirat v etyl propionat c mi da; geranyl axetat c mi hoa hng Hot ng 3 III. TNH CHT HO HC GV yu cu HS nhn xt v phn ng este ho 2 1. Thu phn trong mi trng axit H2SO4 a, t0 c th d u tin ? Phn ng este ho c c im g ? CH3COOC2H5 +H2O C2H5OH + CHCOOH 3 GV t vn : Trong iu kin ca phn ng este * c im ca phn ng: Thun nghch v xy ra ho th mt phn este to thnh se b thu phn. chm. GV yu cu HS vit phng trnh ho hc ca 2. Thu phn trong mi trng baz (Phn ng phn ng thu phn este trong mi trng axit. x phng ho) GV hng dn HS vit phng trnh phn ng t0 CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH CH3COONa +C2H5OH thu phn este trong mi trng kim. * c im ca phn ng: Phn ng ch xy ra 1 chiu. Hot ng 4 IV. IU CH 1. Phng php chung: Bng phn ng este ho gia axit cacboxylic v ancol. H2SO4 a, t0 c GV ?: Em hy cho bit phng php chung RCOOH + R'OH RCOOR' +H2O iu ch este ? 2. Phng php ring: iu ch este ca anol GV gii thiu phng php ring iu ch este khng bn bng phn ng gia axit cacboxylic v ca cc ancol khng bn. ancol tng ng.
CH3COOH +CH CH CH3COOCH= 2 CH V. NG DNG - Dng lm dung mi tch, chit cht hu c (etyl axetat), pha sn (butyl axetat),... - Mt s polime ca este c dng sn xut cht do nh poli(vinyl axetat), poli (metyl metacrylat),.. hoc dng lm keo dn. - Mt s este c mi thm, khng c, c dng lm cht to hng trong cng nghip thc phm (benzyl fomat, etyl fomat,..), m phm (linalyl axetat, geranyl axetat,),
t0, xt

HS tm hiu SGK bit mt s ng dng ca este. GV ?: Nhng ng dng ca este c da trn nhng tnh cht no ca este ?

V. CNG C: Bi tp 1 v 6 trang 7 (SGK) VI. DN D: - Bi tp v nh: 1 ? 6 trang 7 (SGK) - Xem trc bi LIPIT

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LIPIT

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: - HS bit: Lipit l g ? Cc loi lipit. Tnh cht ho hc ca cht bo. - HS hiu nguyn nhn to nn cc tnh cht ca cht bo. 2. K nng: Vn dng mi quan h cu to tnh cht vit cc PTHH minh ho tnh cht este cho cht bo. 3. Thi : Bit qu trng v s dng hp l cc ngun cht bo trong t nhin. II. CHUN B: - GV: M du n hoc m ln, cc, nc, etanol,.. lm th nghim x phng ho cht bo. - HS: Chun b t liu v ng dng ca cht bo. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: ng vi CTPT C4H8O2 c bao nhiu ng phn l este ? Chn mt CTCT ca este v trnh by tnh cht ho hc ca chng. Minh ho bng phng trnh phn ng. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1 I KHI NIM HS nghin cu SGK nm khi nim ca lipit. Lipit l nhng hp cht hu c c trong t bo sng, khng ho tan trong nc nhng tan nhiu GV gii thiu thnh phn ca cht bo. trong cc dung mi hu c khng cc. GV t vn : Lipit l cc este phc tp. Sau Cu to: Phn ln lipit l cc este phc tp, bao y chng ta ch xt v cht bo. gm cht bo (triglixerit), sp, steroit v photpholipit, II CHT BO 1. Khi nim Cht bo l trieste ca glixerol vi axit bo, gi HS nghin cu SGK nm khi nim ca cht chung l triglixerit hay l triaxylglixerol. Cc axit bo hay gp: bo. C17H35COOH hay CH3[CH2]16COOH: axit stearic GV gii thiu c im cu to ca cc axit bo C17H33COOH hay cishay gp, nhn xt nhng im ging nhau v mt CH3[CH2]7CH=CH[CH2]7COOH: axit oleic C15H31COOH hay CH3[CH2]14COOH: axit panmitic cu to ca cc axit bo. Axit bo l nhng axit n chc c mch cacbon di, khng phn nhnh, c th no hoc khng no. CTCT chung ca cht bo: GV gii thiu CTCT chung ca axit bo, gii thch cc k hiu trong cng thc.
R1COO CH2 R2COO CH R3COO CH2

Tie t 4

HS ly mt s th d v CTCT ca cc trieste

R1, R2, R3 l gc hirocacbon ca axit bo, c th ging hoc khc nhau. Th d: (C17H35COO)3C3H5: tristearoylglixerol (tristearin) (C17H33COO)3C3H5: trioleoylglixerol (triolein) (C15H31COO)3C3H5: tripanmitoylglixerol (tripanmitin)

GV: Mai Vn t ca glixerol v mt s axit bo m GV a gi thiu. Hot ng 2 GV ?: Lin h thc t, em hy cho bit trong iu kin thng du, m ng thc vt c th tn ti trng thi no ? GV l gii cho HS bit khi no th cht bo tn ti trng thi lng, khi no th cht bo tn ti trng thi rn. GV ? Em hy cho bit du m ng thc vt c tan trong nc hay khng ? Nng hay nh hn nc ? ty vt du m ng thc vt bm ln o qun, ngoi x phng th ta c th s dng cht no git ra ? Hot ng 3 GV ?: Trn s s c im cu to ca este, em hy cho bit este c th tham gia c nhng phn ng ho hc no ? HS vit PTHH thu phn este trong mi trng axit v phn ng x phng ho. GV biu dien th nghim v phn ng thu phn v phn ng x phng ho. HS quan st hin tng. GV ?: i vi cht bo lng cn tham gia c phn ng cng H2, v sao ? Hot ng 4

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2. Tnh cht vt l iu kin thng: L cht lng hoc cht rn. - R1, R2, R3: Ch yu l gc hirocacbon no th cht bo l cht rn. - R1, R2, R3: Ch yu l gc hirocacbon khng no th cht bo l cht lng. Khng tan trong nc nhng tan nhiu trong cc dung mi hu c khng cc: benzen, clorofom, Nh hn nc, khng tan trong nc.

3. Tnh cht ho hc a. Phn ng thu phn


(CH3[CH2]16 COO)3C3H5 + 3HO 2 tristearin
H+ t0 ,

3CH3[CH2]16COOH +C3H5(OH)3 axit stearic glixerol

b. Phn ng x phng ho
(CH3[CH2]16 COO)3C3H5 + 3NaOH tristearin
t0

3CH3[CH2]16COONa +C3H5(OH)3 natri stearat glixerol

c. Phn ng cng hiro ca cht bo lng


(C17H33COO)3C3H5 + 3H 2 (log) n
Ni 175 - 1900C

(C17H35COO)3C3H5 (ra) n

4. ng dng - Thc n cho ngi, l ngun dinh dng quan GV lin h n vic s dng cht bo trong nu trng v cung cp phn ln nng lng cho c th hot ng. n, s dng nu x phng. T HS rt ra - L nguyn liu tng hp mt s cht khc cn nhng ng dng ca cht bo. thit cho c th. Bo m s vn chuyn v hp th c cc cht ho tan c trong cht bo. - Trong cng nghip, mt lng ln cht bo dng sn xut x phng v glixerol. Sn xut mt s thc phm khc nh m si, hp, V. CNG C 1. Cht bo l g ? Du n v m ng vt c im g khc nhau v cu to v tnh cht vt l ? Cho th d minh ho. 2. Pht biu no sau y khng ng ? A. Cht bo khng tan trong nc. B. Cht bo khng tan trong nc, nh hn nc nhng tan nhiu trong dung mi hu c. C. Du n v m bi trn c cng thnh phn nguyn t. D. Cht bo l este ca glixerol v cc axit cacboxylic mch di, khng phn nhnh. 3. Trong thnh phn ca mt loi sn c trieste ca glixerol vi axit linoleic C17H31COOH v axit linolenic C17H29COOH. Vit CTCT thu gn ca cc trieste c th ca hai axit trn vi glixerol. VI. DN D 1. Bi tp v nh: 1 ? 5 trang 11-12 (SGK). 2. Xem trc bi KHI NIM V X PHNG V CHT GIT RA TNG HP

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Ngy son:............/............

KHAI NIEM VE XA PHONG VA CHAT GIAT RA TONG HP

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: - Bit khi nim v x phng, cht git ra tng hp. - Hiu c nguyn nhn to nn c tnh git ra ca x phng v cht git ra tng hp. 2. K nng: S dng hp l x phng v cht git ra tng hp. 3. Thi : - C thc s dng hp l c hiu qu x phng v cht git ra tng hp. - Bo v ti nguyn mi trng. II. CHUN B: III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC I X PHNG Hot ng 1 1. Khi nim X phng thng dng l hon hp mui natri hoc HS nghin cu SGK rt ra khi nim v x mui kali ca axit bo, c thm mt s cht ph gia. phng. Thnh phn ch yu ca x phng thng: L GV ?: Trn c s khi nim v x phng, em hy mui natri ca axit panmitic hoc axit stearic. Ngoi cho bit thnh phn chnh ca x phng l g ? GV gii thiu thm mt s thnh phn khc ca ra trong x phng cn c cht n (lm tng cng c bnh), cht ty mu, cht dit khun v cht x phng ? to hng, Hot ng 2 2. Phng php sn xut t0 GV ?: Da vo khi nim v x phng, em hy (RCOO) C3H5 + 3NaOH 3RCOONa +C3H5(OH)3 3 cho bit sn xut x phng ta c th s dng chabe t o xa ng pho phn ng ho hc no ? X phng cn c sn xut theo s sau: HS nghin cu SGK bit cc giai on ca Ankan axit cacboxylic muonatri cu axit cacboxylic i a quy trnh nu x phng. Th d: GV cho HS bit mt hn ch ca qu trnh sn O2, t0, xt xut x phng t cht bo: khai thc dn n cn 2CH3[CH2]14 2CH2[CH2]14 3 CH CH 4CH3[CH2]14COOH 2CH3[CH2]14COOH +Na2CO3 2CH3[CH2]14COONa +CO2 +H2O kit ti nguyn. T gii thiu cho HS bit phng php hin i ngy nay c dng sn xut x phng l i t ankan. Hot ng 3 II CHT GIT RA TNG HP GV t vn : X phng thng thng se mt 1. Khi nim t nhiu tc dng ty ra trong nc cng nn hin Nhng hp cht khng phi l mui natri ca axit cacboxylic nhng c tnh nng git ra nh x nay ngi ta dng cht git ra tng hp. HS tm hiu SGK bit khi nim v cht git phng c gi l cht git ra tng hp. ra tng hp v nhng u im khc ca n so vi x phng. 2. Phng php sn xut HS nghin cu phng php sn xut cht git c tng hp t cc cht ly t du m. ra tng hp t nguyn liu l du m.

Tie t 5

GV: Mai Vn t
Dau mo

Trng THPT L Th Hiu


axit oexylbenzensunfonic
Na2CO3

natri oexylbenzensunfonat

C12 25-C6H4SO3H H C12H25 6H4SO3Na -C axit oexylbenzensunfonic natri oexylbenzensunfonat

GV treo m hnh S qu trnh lm sch vt bn ca x phng v gii thch cho HS r tc dng ty ra ca x phng v cht git ra tng hp.

3. TC DNG TY RA CA X PHNG V CHT GIT RA TNG HP - Mui natri trong x phng hay trong cht git ra tng hp c kh nng lm gim sc cng b mt ca cc cht bn bm trn vi, da, do v bn c phn tn thnh nhiu phn nh hn v c phn tn vo nc. - Cc mui panmitat hay stearat ca cc kim loi ho tr II thng kh tan trong nc, do khng nn dng x phng git ra trong nc cng (nc c cha nhiu ion Ca2+, Mg2+). Cc mui ca axit oexylbenzensunfonic li tan c trong nc cng, do cht git ra c u im hn x phng l c th git ra c trong nc cng.

V. CNG C: 1. X phng l g ? 2. Hy in ch (ng) hoc S (sai) vo trng cc pht biu sau: a) X phng l sn phm ca phn ng x phng ho. b) Mui natri hoc kali ca axit hu c l thnh phn chnh ca x phng c) Khi un nng cht bo vi dung dch NaOH hoc KOH ta c x phng. d) T du m c th sn xut c cht git ra tng hp. VI. DN D 1. Bi tp v nh: 1 ? 5 trang 15-16 (SGK). 2. Xem trc bi LUYN TP.

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

Ngy son:............/............

LUYEN TAP: ESTE CHAT BEO

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: Cng c kin thc v este v lipit 2. K nng: Gii bi tp v este. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: Cc bi tp. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1 Bi 1: So snh cht bo v este v: Thnh phn nguyn t, c im cu to phn t v tnh cht ho hc. Cht bo Este Thnh phn nguyn t Cha C, H, O L hp cht este c im cu to phn t Trieste ca glixerol vi axit bo. L este ca ancol v axit Tnh cht ho hc - Phn ng thu phn trong mi - Phn ng thu phn trong mi trng axit trng axit - Phn ng x phng ho - Phn ng x phng ho Bi 2: Khi un hon hp 2 axit cacboxylic n Hot ng 2 chc vi glixerol (xt H2SO4 c) c th thu c my trieste ? Vit CTCT ca cc cht ny. Gii GV hng dn HS vit tt c cc CTCT ca este. C th thu c 6 trieste. HS vit di s hng dn ca GV. RCOO CH2 R'COO CH2 RCOO CH2 R'COO CH R'COO CH RCOO CH RCOO CH2 RCOO CH2 R'COO CH2
R'COO CH2 RCOO CH R'COO CH2 RCOO CH2 RCOO CH RCOO CH2 R'COO CH2 R'COO CH R'COO CH2

GV ?: - Em hy cho bit CTCT ca cc este 4 p n c im g ging nhau ? - T t l s mol nC17H35COOH : nC15H31COOH = 2:1, em hy cho bit s lng cc gc stearat v panmitat c trong este ? Mt HS chn p n, mt HS khc nhn xt v kt qu bi lm.

Tie t 6

Hot ng 3

Bi 3: Khi thu phn (xt axit) mt este thu c hon hp axit stearic (C17H35COOH) v axit panmitic (C15H31COOH) theo t l mol 2:1. Este c th c CTCT no sau y ? A. C17H35COO CH2 B. C17H35COO CH2 C15H31COO CH C17H35COO CH C17H35COO CH2 C17H35COO CH2
C17H35COO CH2 C17H33COO CH C. C15H31COO CH2 C17H35COO CH2 C15H31COO CH D. C15H31COO CH2

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu Bi 4: Lm bay hi 7,4g mt este A no, n chc, mch h thu c th tch hi ng bng th tch ca 3,2g O2 (o cng iu kin t0, p). a) Xc nh CTPT ca A. b) Thc hin phn ng x phng ho 7,4g A vi dung dch NaOH n khi phn ng hon ton thu c 6,8g mui. Xc nh CTCT v tn gi ca A. Gii a) CTPT ca A nA = nO2 =
3,2 32

Hot ng 4 GV ?: Trong s cc CTCT ca este no, n chc, mch h, theo em nn chn cng thc no gii quyt bi ton ngn gn ? HS xc nh Meste, sau da vo CTCT chung ca este gii quyt bi ton. GV hng dn HS xc nh CTCT ca este. HS t gi tn este sau khi c CTCT.

= 0,1 (mol) MA =

74

0,1

= 74

t cng thc ca A: CnH2nO2 14n + 32 = 74 n = 3. CTPT ca A: C3H6O2. b) CTCT v tn ca A t cng thc ca A: RCOOR (R: gc hirocacbon no hoc H; R: gc hirocacbon no). RCOOR + NaOH ? RCOONa + ROH 0,1? 0,1 mRCOONa = (R + 67).0,1 = 6,8 R = 1 R l H CTCT ca A: HCOOC2H5: etyl fomat Bi 5: Khi thu phn a gam este X thu c 0,92g Hot ng 5 glixerol, 3,02g natri linoleat C17H31COONa v m gam natri oleat C17H33COONa. Tnh gi tr a, m. GV hng dn HS gii quyt bi ton. HS gii quyt bi ton trn c s hng dn ca Vit CTCT c th ca X. Gii GV. nC3H5(OH)3 = 0,01 (mol); nC17H31COONa = 0,01 (mol) nC17H33COONa = 0,02 (mol) m = 0,02.304 = 6,08g X l C17H31COO?C3H5(C17H33COO)2 nX = nC3H5(OH)3 = 0,01 (mol) a = 0,01.882 = 8,82g Bi 6: Thu phn hon ton 8,8g este n, mch Hot ng 6 h X vi 100 ml dung dch KOH 1M (va ) thu HS xc nh CTCT ca este da vo 2 d kin: c 4,6g mt ancol Y. Tn ca X l B. etyl propionat khi lng ca este v khi lng ca ancol thu A. etyl fomat c. C. etyl axetat D. propyl axetat HS khc xc nh tn gi ca este. Hot ng 7 Bi 7: t chy hon ton 3,7g mt este n chc X thu c 3,36 lt CO2 (kc) v 2,7g H2O. CTPT HS xc nh nCO2 v nH2O. Nhn xt v s mol CO2 v H2O thu c este ca X l: A. C2H4O2 B. C3H6O2 no n chc. C. C4H8O2 D. C5H8O2 Hot ng 8 Bi 8: 10,4g hon hp X gm axit axetic v etyl axetat tc dng va vi 150 g dung dch NaOH GV ?: Vi NaOH th c bao nhiu phn ng xy 4%. % khi lng ca etyl axetat trong hon hp ra ? HS xc nh s mol ca etyl axetat, t suy ra % l A. 22% B. 42,3% C. 57,7% khi lng. D. 88% V. CNG C: Trong tit luyn tp

GV: Mai Vn t VI. DN D: Xem li kin thc a hc v bi glucoz.

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

Ngy son:............/............ CHNG 2: CACBOHIRAT M U I KHI NIM: Cacbohirat l nhng hp cht hu c tp cha v thng c cng thc chung l Cn(H2O)m. Th d: Tinh bt: (C6H10O5)n hay [C6(H2O)5]n hay C6n(H2O)5n Glucoz: C6H12O6 hay C6(H2O)6 II PHN LOI Monosaccarit: L nhm cacbohirat n chc gin nht, khng th thu phn c. Th d: Glucoz, fructoz. isaccarit: L nhm cacbohirat m khi thu phn moi phn t sinh ra hai phn t monosaccarit Th d: Saccaroz, mantoz. Polisaccarit: L nhm cacbohirat phc tp, khi thu phn n cng moi phn t u sinh ra nhiu phn t monosaccarit. Th d: Tinh bt, xenlulz

GLUCOZ

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - Cu trc dng mch h ca glucoz. - Tnh cht cc nhm chc ca glucoz gii thch cc hin tng ho hc. HS hiu c phng php iu ch, ng dng ca glucoz v fructoz. 2. K nng: - Khai thc mi quan h gia cu trc phn t v tnh cht ho hc. - Rn luyn k nng quan st, phn tch cc kt qu th nghim. - Gii cc b tp c lin quan n hp cht glucoz v fructoz. 3. Thi : Vai tr quan trng ca glucoz v fructoz trong i sng v sn xut, t to hng th cho HS mun nghin cu, tm ti v hp cht glucoz, fructoz. II. CHUN B: 1. Dng c: ng nghim, kp go, ng ht nh git, n cn. 2. Ho cht: Glucoz, cc dung dch AgNO3, NH3, CuSO4, NaOH. 3. Cc m hnh phn t glucoz, fructoz, hnh ve, tranh nh c lin quan n bi hc. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + trc quan + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Khng kim tra. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1 I TNH CHT VT L TRNG THI T GV cho HS quan st mu glucoz. Nhn xt v NHIN - Cht rn, tinh th khng mu, de tan trong nc, trng thi mu sc ?

Tie t 7

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

HS tham kho thm SGK bit c mt s c v ngt nhng khng ngt bng ng ma. tnh cht vt l khc ca glucoz cung nh trng - C trong hu ht cc b phn ca c th thc vt nh hoa, l, re, v nht l trong qu chn (qu thi thin nhin ca glucoz. nho), trong mu ngi (0,1%). II CU TO PHN T CTPT: C6H12O6 - Glucoz c phn ng trng bc, b oxi ho bi Hot ng 2 nc brom to thnh axit gluconic ? Phn t HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit: xc nh glucoz c nhm -CHO. CTCT ca glucoz, ngi ta cn c vo kt qu - Glucoz tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 ? dung dch mu xanh lam ? Phn t glucoz c nhiu nhm -OH k thc nghim no ? T cc kt qu th nghim trn, HS rt ra nhau. - Glucoz to este cha 5 gc axit CH3COO ? Phn nhng c im cu to ca glucoz. t glucoz c 5 nhm OH. HS nn CTCT ca glucoz: cch nh s mch - Kh hon ton glucoz thu c hexan ? Trong cacbon. phn t glucoz c 6 nguyn t C v c mch C khng phn nhnh. Kt lun: Glucoz l hp cht tp cha, dng mch h phn t c cu to ca anehit n chc v ancol 5 chc. CTCT:
CH2OH CHOH CHOH CHOH CHOH CH O
6 5 4 3 2 1

Hot ng 3 GV ?: T c im cu to ca glucoz, em hy cho bit glucoz c th tham gia c nhng phn ng ho hc no ? GV biu dien th nghim dung dch glucoz + Cu(OH)2. Hs quan st hin tng, gii thch v kt lun v phn ng ca glucoz vi Cu(OH)2. HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit cng thc este ca glucoz m phn t cho cha 5 gc axetat. T CTCT ny rt ra kt lun g v glucoz ?

Hay CH2OH[CHOH]4CHO III TNH CHT HO HC 1. Tnh cht ca ancol a chc a) Tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 ? dung dch mu xanh lam.

b) Phn ng to este
Glucoz + (CH 2O 3CO)

piriin

Este ch 5 go CH3COO a c

2. Tnh cht ca anehit n chc Hot ng 4 a) Oxi ho glucoz bng dung dch AgNO3/NH3 t0 GV biu dien th nghim dung dch glucoz + CH2OH[CHOH] CHO + 2AgNO + 3NH + HO 4 3 3 2 dd AgNO3/NH3, vi Cu(OH)2 un nng. Hs quan st CH2OH[CHOH]4COONH4 +2Ag +NH4NO3 hin tng, gii thch v vit PTHH ca phn ng. amoni gluconat b) Oxi ho bng Cu(OH)2
CH2OH[CHOH] CHO + 2Cu(OH)+ NaOH 4 2
t0 (o ch) ga

HS vit PTTT ca phn ng kh glucoz bng H2. GV gii thiu phn ng ln men.

CH2OH[CHOH]4COONa +2Cu2O natri gluconat

+3H2O

c) Kh glucoz bng hiro


CH2OH[CHOH] CHO + H 4 2
Ni, t0

CH2OH[CHOH] CH2OH 4 sobitol

3. Phn ng ln men
C6H12 6 O

enzim

30-350C

2C2H5OH +2CO2

Hot ng 5 HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit phng php iu ch glucoz trong cng nghip.

IV IU CH V NG DNG 1. iu ch Thu phn tinh bt nh xc tc axit HCl loang hoc enzim. Thu phn xenluloz (v bo, mn ca) nh xc tc axit HCl c.

GV: Mai Vn t HS nghin cu SGK bit nhng ng dng ca glucoz. Hot ng 6 HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit: CTCT ca fructoz v nhng c in cu to ca n.

Trng THPT L Th Hiu 2. ng dng: Dng lm thuc tng lc, trng gng rut phch, l sn phm trung gian sn xut etanol t cc nguyn liu c cha tinh bt hoc xenluloz. V NG PHN CA GLUCOZ FRUCTOZ CTCT dng mch h
CH2OH CHOH CHOH CHOH CO CH2OH
6 5 4 3 2 1

Hay CH2OH[CHOH]3COCH2OH L cht kt tinh, khng mu, de tan trong nc, HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit nhng tnh c v ngt hn ng ma, c nhiu trong qu ngt cht l hc, ho hc c trng ca fructoz. nh da, xoi,..c bit trong mt ong c ti 40% fructoz. GV yu cu HS gii thch nguyn nhn fructoz Tnh cht ho hc: tham gia phn ng oxi ho bi dd AgNO3/NH3, - Tnh cht ca ancol a chc: Tng t glucoz. mc d khng c nhm chc anehit. - Phn ng cng H2
H HO H H CHO OH H OH OH CH2OH CH OH CH2OH C OH C O OH HO HO H H H OH H OH H OH H OH CH2OH CH2OH
eniol fructoz
CH2OH[CHOH] COCH2OH + H 3 2
Ni, t0

CH2OH[CHOH] CH2OH 4 sobitol

OH-

Trong mi trng baz fructoz b oxi ho bi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 do trong mi trng baz fructoz chuyn thnh glucoz.
Fructoz
OH-

Glucoz

glucoz

V. CNG C: 1. Pht biu no sau y khng ng ? A. Glucoz v fructoz l ng phn cu to ca nhau. B. C th phn bit glucoz v fructoz bng phn ng trng bc. C. Trong dung dch, glucoz tn ti dng mch vng u tin hn dng mch h. D. Metyl ?-glicozit khng th chuyn sang dng mch h. 2. a) Hy cho bit cng thc dng mch h ca glucoz v nhn xt v cc nhm chc ca n (tn nhm chc, s lng , bc nu c). Nhng th nghim no chng minh c glucoz tn ti dng mch vng ? b) Hy cho bit cng thc dng mch vng ca glucoz v nhn xt v cc nhm chc ca n (tn, s lng, bc v v tr tng i trong khng gian). Nhng th nghim no chng minh c glucoz tn ti dng mch vng ? c) Trong dung dch, glucoz tn ti nhng dng no (vit cng thc v gi tn) ? VI. DN D 1. Bi tp v nh: 1 ? 8 trang 32 - 33 (SGK). 2. Xem trc bi SACCAROZ

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

Ngy son:............/............

SACCAROZ, TINH BOT VA XENLULOZ (Tiet


1)

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: Gip HS bit cu to v tnh cht in hnh ca saccaroz, tinh bt v xenluloz. 2. K nng: - So snh nhn dng saccaroz, tinh bt v xenluloz. - Vit cc PTHH minh ho cho tnh cht ho hc ca cc hp cht trn. - Gii cc bi tp v saccaroz, tinh bt v xenluloz. 3. Thi : HS nhn thc c tm quan trng ca saccaroz, tinh bt v xenluloz trong cuc sng. II. CHUN B: 1. Dng c: ng nghim, ng nh git. 2. Ho cht: Dung dch I2, cc mu saccaroz, tinh bt v xenluloz. 3. Cc s , hnh v, tranh nh c lin quan n ni dung bi hc. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Trnh by c im cu to dng mch h ca glucoz. Vit PTHH minh ho cho cc c im cu to . 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC I SACCAROZ Saccaroz l loi ng ph bin nht, c trong Hot ng 1 nhiu loi thc vt, c nhiu nht trong cy ma, c HS nghin cu SGK bit c tnh cht vt l, ci ng, hoa tht nt. 1. Tnh cht vt l trnh thi thin nhin ca c saccaroz. - Cht rn, kt tinh, khng mu, khng mi, c v ngt, nng chy 1850C. - Tan tt trong nc, tan tng nhanh theo nhit . Hot ng 2 2. Cng thc cu to - Saccaroz khng c phn ng trng bc, khng HS nghin cu SGK vcho bit xc nh CTCT lm mt mu nc Br2 phn t saccaroz khng ca saccaroz, ngi ta cn c vo nhng kt qu c nhm CHO. th nghim no ? - un nng dd saccaroz vi H2SO4 loang thu c dd c phn ng trng bc (dd ny c cha glucoz v fructoz). Kt lun: Saccaroz l mt isaccarit c cu to t mt gc glucoz v mt gc fructoz lin kt vi nhau qua nguyn t oxi. HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit CTCT ca 6 saccaroz, phn tch v rt ra c im cu to . CH2OH
H
4 5

Tie t 8

H
H

O H

OH

OH
3

OH

H CH2OH O 2 H OH 5 OH
3

CH2OH
6

G -glucoz c

G -fructoz c

Hot ng 3

Trong phn t saccaroz khng c nhm anehit, ch c cc nhm OH ancol. 3. Tnh cht ho hc

GV: Mai Vn t HS nghin cu SGK vcho bit hin tng phn ng khi cho dung dch saccaroz tc dng vi Cu(OH)2. Gii thch hin tng trn. HS nghin cu SGK v vit PTHH ca phn ng thu phn dung dch saccaroz v iu kin ca phn ng ny.

Trng THPT L Th Hiu a. Phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 Dung dch saccaroz + Cu(OH)2 ? dung dch ng saccarat mu xanh lam. b. Phn ng thu phn
C12H22 11 + HO O 2
H+ t0 ,

C6H12O6 +C6H12O6
glucoz fructoz

Hot ng 4 HS xem SGK v nghin cu cc cng on ca qu trnh sn xut ng saccaroz.

4. Sn xut v ng dng a. Sn xut saccaroz Sn xut t cy ma, c ci ng hoc hoa tht nt Quy trnh sn xut ng saccaroz t cy ma
Cay ma
(1) E(hoa nga , chie p c m t)

N ma (12-15% g) c n
(2) +Vos, lo bo p cha i a c ta t

Dung d g co ch n canxi saccarat


(3) +CO2, lo bo 2 c CO

Dung d g (co u) ch n ma
(4) +SO2 (ta ma) y u

Dung d g (khog ma) ch n n u


(5) Co c e t tinh, lo a ke c

g knh n

N r ng c

HS tm hiu SGK v cho bit nhng ng dng ca saccaroz.

b. ng dng - L thc phm quan trng cho ngi. - Trong cng nghip thc phm, saccaroz l nguyn liu sn xut bnh ko, nc gi kht, hp. - Trong cng nghip dc phm, saccaroz l nguyn liu dng pha thuc. Saccaroz cn l nguyn liu thu phn thnh glucoz v fructoz dng trong k thut trng gng, trng rut phch.

V. CNG C: 1. c im cu to ca saccaroz ? 2. Tnh cht ho hc ca saccaroz ? VI. DN D: - Cc bi tp trong SGK c lin quan n phn glucoz v fructoz. - Xem trc phn XENLULOZ

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu Ngy son:............/............

SACCAROZ, TINH BOT VA XENLULOZ (Tiet


2)

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: Gip HS bit cu to v tnh cht in hnh ca saccaroz, tinh bt v xenluloz. 2. K nng: - So snh nhn dng saccaroz, tinh bt v xenluloz. - Vit cc PTHH minh ho cho tnh cht ho hc ca cc hp cht trn. - Gii cc bi tp v saccaroz, tinh bt v xenluloz. 3. Thi : HS nhn thc c tm quan trng ca saccaroz, tinh bt v xenluloz trong cuc sng. II. CHUN B: 1. Dng c: ng nghim, ng nh git. 2. Ho cht: Dung dch I2, cc mu saccaroz, tinh bt v xenluloz. 3. Cc s , hnh v, tranh nh c lin quan n ni dung bi hc. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Trnh by tnh cht ho hc ca saccaroz. Vit cc PTHH ca phn ng. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1 II TINH BT 1. Tnh cht vt l: Cht rn, dng bt, v nh GV cho HS quan st mu tinh bt. HS quan st, lin h thc t, nghin cu SGK cho hnh, mu trng, khng tan trong nc lanh. Trong nc nng, ht tinh bt se ngm nc v trng bit tnh cht vt l ca tinh bt. phng ln to thnh dung dch keo, gi l h tinh bt. Hot ng 2 2. Cu to phn t Thuc loi polisaccarit, phn t gm nhiu mt xch C6H10O5 lin kt vi nhau. HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit cu trc phn t CTPT : (C6H10O5)n Cc mt xch lin kt vi nhau to thnh 2 dng: ca tinh bt. - Amiloz: Gm cc gc ?-glucoz lin kt vi nhau to thnh mch di, xon li c phn t khi ln (~200.000). - Amilopectin: Gm cc gc ?-glucoz lin kt vi nhau to thnh mng khng gian phn nhnh. Tinh bt c to thnh trong cy xanh nh qu trnh quang hp.
CO2
H2O, as die lu p c

Hot ng 3 HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit iu kin xy ra phn ng thu phn tinh bt. Vit PTHH ca phn ng. GV biu dien th nghim h tinh bt + dung dch I2. HS quan st hin tng, nhn xt. GV c th gii thch thm s to thnh hp cht a\mu xanh. Hot ng 4 HS nghin cu SGK bit cc ng dng ca tinh bt cung nh s chuyn ho tinh bt trong c th

Tie t 9

C6H12 6 O
glucoz

(C6H10O5)n
tinh bo t

3. Tnh cht ho hc a. Phn ng thu phn


(C6H10 5)n + nHO O 2
H+ t0 ,

nC6H12O6

b. Phn ng mu vi iot H tinh bt + dd I2 ? hp cht mu xanh. ? nhn bit h tinh bt Gii thch: Do cu to dng xon, c lo rong, tinh bt hp th iot cho mu xanh lc. 4. ng dng - L cht dinh dng c bn cho ngi v mt s ng vt.

GV: Mai Vn t ngi.

Trng THPT L Th Hiu - Trong cng nghip, tinh bt c dng sn xut bnh ko v h dn. - Trong c th ngi, tinh bt b thu phn thnh glucoz nh cc enzim trong nc bt v rut non. Phn ln glucoz c hp th trc tip qua thnh rut v i vo mu nui c th ; phn cn d c chuyn v gan. gan, glucoz c tng hp lai nh enzim thnh glicogen d tr cho c th.

V. CNG C: 1. Ming chui xanh tc dng vi dung dch I2 cho mu xanh. Nc p qu chui chn cho phn ng trng bc. Hy gii thch 2 hin tng ni trn ? 2. Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng thc hin day chuyn ho sau : Kh cacbonic ? Tinh bt ? Glucoz ? Ancol etylic Gi tn cc phn ng. VI. DN D 1. Bi tp v nh: Cc bi tp trong SGK c lin quan n phn tinh bt. 2. Xem trc phn XENLULOZO

Ngy son:............/............

SACCAROZ, TINH BOT VA XENLULOZ (Tiet


3)

Tie t 10

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: Gip HS bit cu to v tnh cht in hnh ca saccaroz, tinh bt v xenluloz. 2. K nng: - So snh nhn dng saccaroz, tinh bt v xenluloz. - Vit cc PTHH minh ho cho tnh cht ho hc ca cc hp cht trn. - Gii cc bi tp v saccaroz, tinh bt v xenluloz. 3. Thi : HS nhn thc c tm quan trng ca saccaroz, tinh bt v xenluloz trong cuc sng. II. CHUN B: 1. Dng c: ng nghim, ng nh git. 2. Ho cht: Dung dch I2, cc mu saccaroz, tinh bt v xenluloz. 3. Cc s , hnh v, tranh nh c lin quan n ni dung bi hc. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Trnh by tnh cht ho hc ca saccaroz. Vit cc PTHH ca phn ng. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC III XENLULOZ Hot ng 1 1. Tnh cht vt l, trng thi thin nhin - Xenluloz l cht rn dng si, mu trng, khng GV cho HS quan st mt mu bng non. mi v. Khng tan trong nc v nhiu dung mi HS quan st + nghin cu SGK v cho bit tnh hu c nh etanol, ete, benzen,.. nhng tan c cht vt l cung nh trng thi thin nhin ca trong nc Svayde l dung dch Cu(OH)2/dd NH3. xenluloz. - L thnh phn chnh to nn mng t bo thc vt, to nn b khung ca cy ci. 2. Cu to phn t Hot ng 2 - L mt polisaccarit, phn t gm nhiu gc ?glucoz lin kt vi nhau to thnh mch di, c HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit c im cu khi lng phn t rt ln (2.000.000). Nhiu mch to ca phn t xenluloz ? xenluloz ghp li vi nhau thnh si xenluloz. GV ?: Gia tinh bt v xenluloz c im g - Xenluloz ch c cu to mch khng phn nhnh, ging v khc nhau v mt cu to ? moi gc C6H10O5 c 3 nhm OH. C6H10O5)n hay [C6H7O2(OH)3]n Hot ng 3 3. Tnh cht ho hc a. Phn ng thu phn HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit iu kin ca H+ t0 , phn ng thu phn xenluloz v vit PTHH ca (C6H10 5)n + nHO O nC6H12O6 2 phn ng. b. Phn ng vi axit nitric GV cho HS bit cc nhm OH trong phn t xenluloz c kh nng tham gia phn ng vi axit H2SO4 a c HNO3 c H2SO4 c lm xc tc tng t nh [C6H7O2(ONO2)3]n + 3H2O [C6H7O2(OH)3] + 3HNO 3 0 t ancol a chc. HS tham kho SGK v vit PTHH ca phn ng. 4. ng dng GV yu cu HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit - Nhng nguyn liu cha xenluloz (bng, ay, nhng ng dng ca xenluloz. go,) thng c dng trc tip (ko si dt vi, GV c th lin h n cc s kin lch s nh: trong xy dng, lm go,) hoc ch bin thnh chin thng Bch ng, giy. - Xenluloz l nguyn liu sn xut t nhn to nh t visco, t axetat, ch to thuc sng khng khi v ch to phim nh. V. CNG C 1. So snh s ging nhau vkhc nhau v CTPT ca xenluloz v tinh bt. 2. Khi lng phn t trung bnh ca xenluloz trong si bng l 1.750.000 ca xenluloz trong si gai l 5.900.000. Tnh s gc glucoz (C6H10O5) trong moi loi xenluloz nu trn.

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

VI. DN D 1. Bi tp v nh: Cc cu hi v bi tp c lin quan n xenluloz trong SGK. 2. Xem trc bi ni dung ca phn KIN THC CN NH trongbi LUYN TP: CU TO V TNH CHT CA CACBOHIRAT v ghi vo v bi tp theo bng sau: Monosaccarit isaccarit Polisaccarit Hp cht cacbohirat Glucoz Fructoz Saccaroz Tinhbt Xenluloz CTPT c im cu to Tnh cht ho hc

LUYEN TAP CAU TAO VA TNH CHAT CUA CACBOHIRAT

Ngy son:............/............

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: - Cu to ca cc loi cacbohirat in hnh.

Tie t 11

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

- Cc tnh cht ho hc c trng ca cc loi cacbohirat v mt quan h gia cc loi hp cht . 2. K nng: - Rn luyn cho HS phng php t duy tru tng, t cu to phc tp ca cc loi cacbohirat, c bit l cc nhm chc suy ra tnh cht ho hc thng qua gii cc bi tp luyn tp. - Gii cc bi tp ho hc v hp cht cacbohirat. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: - HS chun b bng tng kt v cc hp cht cacbohirat theo mu a cho sn. - Mt s bi tp ho hc trong SGK. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Khng kim tra. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1 Bi 1: phn bit cc dung dch glucoz, saccaroz v anehit axetic c th dng day cht GV ? Cc cht glucoz, saccaroz v anehit no sau y lm thuc th ? axetic c im g ging v khc nhau v mt cu tao ? A. Cu(OH)2 & AgNO3/NH3 B. Nc Br2 & NaOH HS phn bit 3 dung dch trn da vo cc phn C. HNO3 & AgNO3/NH3 ng ho hc c trng ca moi cht. D. AgNO3/NH3 & NaOH Bi 2: Khi t chy mt hp cht hu c thu Hot ng 2 c hon hp kh CO2 v hi nc c t l mol HS da vo t l mol CO2 v H2O cung nh bit 1:1. Cht ny c th ln men ru. Cht l cht no trong s cc cht sau y ? cht X c th ln men ru ? p n B A. Axit axetic B. Glucoz C. Saccaroz D. Fructoz Hot ng 3 Bi 3: Trnh by phng php ho hc phn bit cc dung dch ring bit trong moi nhm cht HS da vo tnh cht ring c trng ca moi sau y: ch phn bit cc dung dch ring bit. a) Glucoz, glixerol, anehit axetic GV hng dn HS gii quyt nu HS khng t b) Glucoz, saccaroz, glixerol gii quyt c. c) Saccaroz, anehit axetic, h tinh bt Hot ng 4 Bi 4: T 1 tn tinh bt cha 20% tp cht tr c th sn xut c bao nhiu kg glucoz, nu hiu HS vit PTHH ca phn ng thu phn tinh bt sut ca qu trnh sn xut l 75%. vcn c vo hiu sut phn ng tnh khi lng p n 666,67kg glucoz thu c. Hot ng 5 Bi 5: Tnh khi lng glucoz thu c khi thu phn: HS tnh khi lng ca tinh bt v xenluloz. a) 1 kg bt go c cha 80% tinh bt. Vit PTHH thu phn cc hp cht, t phng trnh phn ng tnh khi lng cc cht c lin quan. b) 1 kg mn ca c cha 50% xenluloz, cn li l tp cht tr. c) 1 kg saccaroz. Gi thit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. p s a) 0,8889 kg b) 0,556 kg c) 0,5263kg Hot ng 6 Bi 6: t chy hon ton 16,2g mt cacbohirat thu c 13,44 lt CO2 (kc) v 9g H2O. Cu a HS t gii quyt c trn c s ca bi a) Xc nh CTGN ca X. X thuc loi ton xc nh CTPT hp cht hu c. cacbohirat a hc. Cu b HS vit PTHH ca phn ng v tnh khi lng Ag thu c da vo phng trnh phn ng b) un 16,2g X trong dung dch axit thu c dung dch Y. Cho Y tc dng vi lng d dd . AgNO3/NH3 thu c bao nhiu gam Ag ? Gi s hiu sut ca qu trnh l 80%.

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu p n a) CTGN l C6H10O5 ? CTPT l (C6H10O5)n, X l polisaccarit. b) mAg = 17,28g

V. CNG C 1. Xenluloz khng thuc loi A. cacbohirat B. gluxit C. polisaccarit D. isaccarit 2. Cho m gam tinh bt ln men thnh ancol etylic vi hiu sut 81%. Ton b lng kh CO2 sinh ra c hp th hon ton vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d, thu c 75g kt ta. Gi tr m l: A. 75 B. 65 C. 8 D. 55 3. Xenluloz trinitrat c iu ch xenluloz v axit HNO3 c c xc tc l H2SO4 c, nng. c c 29,7kg xenluloz trinitrat, cn dng dung dch cha m kg axit HNO3 (hiu sut phn ng 90%). Gi tr m l: A. 30 B. 21 C. 42 D. 10 4. Cho s chuyn ho sau: Tinh bt ? X ? Y ? Axit axetic. X, Y ln lt l: A. glucoz, ancol etylic B. mantoz, glucoz C. glucoz, etyl axetat D. ancol etylic, anehit axetic 5. Cht lng ho tan c xenluloz l A. benzen B. ete C. etanol D. nc Svayde VI. DN D 1. Bi tp v nh: Cc cu hi v bi tp c lin quan n xenluloz trong SGK. 2. Xem trc bi ni dung ca bi thc hnh: IU CH, TNH CHT HO HC CA ESTE V GLUXIT

Ngy son:............/............

THC HANH: IEU CHE, TNH CHAT HOA

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: - Cng c nhng kin thc quan trng ca este, gluxit nh phn ng x phng ha, phn ng vi dung dch Cu(OH)2 ca glucoz, phn ng vi dung dch I2 ca tinh bt, khi nim v phn ng iu ch este, x phng. - Tin hnh mt s th nghim: + iu ch etyl axetat + Phn ng x phng ho cht bo + Phn ng ca glucoz vi Cu(OH)2 + Phn ng mu ca h tinh bt vi dung dch iot

Tie t 12

HOC CUA ESTE VA CABOHIRAT

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

2. K nng: - Rn luyn k nng thc hin cc phn ng ho hc hu c nh: va un nng hon hp lin tc, va khuy u hon hp, lm lnh sn phm phn ng, - Rn luyn k nng lp rp dng c th nghim, k nng thc hin v quan st cc hin tng th nghim xy ra. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: 1. Dng c: ng nghim, bt s nh, ua thu tinh, ng thu tinh, nt cao su, gi th nghim, gi ng nghim, n cn, king st. 2. Ho cht: C2H5OH, CH3COOH nguyn cht; dung dch: NaOH 4%, CuSO4 5%; glucoz 1%; NaCl bao ho; m hoc du thc vt; nc . III. PHNG PHP: Cc nhm HS tin hnh th nghim v vit bn tng trnh theo mu. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Khng kim tra. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1 GV nu mc tiu, yu cu, nhn mnh nhng im cn ch trong tit thc hnh. GV hng dn HS lp rp thit b iu ch etyl axetat, thao tc dng ua thu tinh khuy u trong th nghim v phn ng x phng ho. Hot ng 2 Th nghim 1: iu ch etyl axetat HS tin hnh th nghim nh hng dn trong SGK. GV hng dn HS quan st hin tng xy ra trong qu trnh th nghim. HS quan st mi v tnh tan ca este iu ch c. Hot ng 3 Th nghim 2: Phn ng x phng ho. HS tin hnh th nghim nh hng dn trong SGK. GV hng dn HS quan st lp cht rn, trng nh ni trn b mt bt s, l mui natri ca axit bo. Cn lu phi dng ua thu tinh khuy u hon hp trong bt s c thm vi git nc hon hp khng cn i. Hot ng 4 Th nghim 3: Phn ng ca glucoz vi Cu(OH)2 HS tin hnh th nghim nh hng dn trong SGK. GV hng dn HS quan st thy mu ca dung dch chuyn thnh mu xanh tham, trong sut. Sau dng cp go cp ng nghim, un nng nh, dung dch chuyn sang mu gch ca Cu2O. Hot ng 5 Th nghim 4: Phn ng ca tinh bt vi iot HS tin hnh th nghim nh hng dn trong SGK. Hot ng 6 - GV nhn xt, nh gi bui thc hnh. - HS thu dn dng c, ho cht, v sinh phng th nghim, lp hc, vit bn tng trnh. V. CNG C: Khng

GV: Mai Vn t Mu bo co th nghim: H v tn hc sinh: TT TN TN CCH TIN HNH TN 1 2 3 4 VI. DN D: Tit sau kim tra vit 1 tit.

Trng THPT L Th Hiu Tn bi thc hnh: HIN TNG GII THCH

Ngy son:............/............ CHNG 3:


Tie t 14

AMIN, AMINOAXIT V PROTEIN

AMIN (Tiet 1)

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: - HS bit: nh ngha, phn loi v gi tn amin - HS hiu: Cc tnh cht in hnh ca amin.

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

2. K nng: - Nhn dng cc hp cht amin. - Vit chnh xc cc PTHH ca amin - Quan st, phn tch cc th nghim chng minh ca amin. 3. Thi : Thy c tm quan trng ca cc hp cht amin trong i sng v sn xut, cng vi hiu bit v cu to, tnh cht ho hc ca cc hp cht amin. II. CHUN B: - Dng c: ng nghim, ua thu tinh, ng nh git, kp th nghim. - Ho cht : metylamin, qu tm, anilin, nc brom. - Hnh ve tranh nh lin quan n bi hc. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Khng kim tra. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1 I KHI NIM, PHN LOI V DANH PHP GV ly th d v CTCT ca amoniac v mt s 1. Khi nim, phn loi a. Khi nim: Khi thay th nguyn t H trong phn amin nh bn v yu cu HS so snh CTCT ca t NH3 bng gc hirocacbon ta thu c hp cht amoniac vi amin. amin. HS nghin cu SGK v nu nh ngha amin Th d trn c s so snh cu to ca NH3 v amin.
NH3 CH3NH2 C6H5-NH2 CH3-NH-CH3 NH2
xiclohexylamin BI

GV gii thiu cch tnh bc ca amin v yu cu HS xc nh bc ca cc amin trn. HS nghin cu SGK bit c cc loi ng phn ca amin. GV ly mt s th d bn v yu cu HS xc nh loi ng phn ca amin.

amoniac metylamin BI

phenylamin BI

imetylamin B II

Bc ca amin: Bng s nguyn t hiro trong phn t NH3 b thay th bi gc hirocacbon. Amin thng c ng phn v mch cacbon, v v tr nhm chc v v bc ca amin. Th d:
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 NH2 CH3 CH CH2 NH2 CH3 og pha ve ch cacbon n n ma

CH3 CH2 CH2 NH2 og pha ve tr nho ch n n v m c CH3 CH CH3 NH2


CH3 CH2 NH2 og pha ve c cu amin n n ba a CH3 NH CH3

HS nghin cu SGK bit c cch phn loi amin thng dng nht.

HS nghin cu SGK bit cch gi tn amin. HS vn dng gi tn cc amin bn.

b. Phn loi Theo gc hirocacbon: Amin bo nh CH3NH2, C2H5NH2,, amin thm nh C6H5NH2, CH3C6H4NH2, Theo bc ca amin: Amin bc I, amin bc II, amin bc 2. Danh php: Gi tn theo tn gc chc (tn gc hirocacbon + amin) v tn thay th. Th d: SGK CTCT Tn gc Tn thay th chc CH3NH2 metylamin metanamin CH3CH2 NH2 etylamin etanmin CH3NHCH3 imetylamin N-metylmetanmin CH3CH2CH2 propylamin propan-1-amin

GV: Mai Vn t NH2 (CH3)3N CH3[CH2]3 NH2 C2H5NHC2H5 C6H5NH2 H2N[CH2]6NH

Trng THPT L Th Hiu trimetylamin butylamin N,Nimetylmetanmin butan-1-amin

HS nghin cu SGK vcho bit tnh cht vt l ca amin. GV lu HS l cc amin u rt c, th d nicotin c trong thnh phn ca thuc l.

ietylamin N-etyletanmin phenylamin Benzenamin hexametylenia Hexan-1,6-imin min 2 II TNH CHT VT L - Metylamin, imetylamin, trimetylamin, etylamin l nhng cht kh, mi khai, kh chu, tan nhiu trong nc. Cc amin c phn t khi cao hn l nhng cht lng hoc rn, tan trong nc gim dn theo chiu tng ca phn t khi. - Anilin l cht lng, khng mu, t tan trong nc v nng hn nc. - Cc amin u rt c.

V. CNG C: 1. Khi nim v amin. Bc ca amin. Tn gi ca amin. 2. Vit tt c cc ng phn ca amin c CTPT C4H11N. Gi tn. VI. DN D 1. Bi tp v nh: 2. Xem trc phn cn li ca bi AMIN

Ngy son:............/............

AMIN(Tiet 2)

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: - HS bit: nh ngha, phn loi v gi tn amin - HS hiu: Cc tnh cht in hnh ca amin. 2. K nng: - Nhn dng cc hp cht amin. - Vit chnh xc cc PTHH ca amin - Quan st, phn tch cc th nghim chng minh ca amin. 3. Thi : Thy c tm quan trng ca cc hp cht amin trong i sng v sn xut, cng vi hiu bit v cu to, tnh cht ho hc ca cc hp cht amin. II. CHUN B: - Dng c: ng nghim, ua thu tinh, ng nh git, kp th nghim. - Ho cht : metylamin, qu tm, anilin, nc brom. - Hnh ve tranh nh lin quan n bi hc.

Tie t 15

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Vit tt c cc ng phn ca amin C3H9N. Ch ro bc ca cc amin v gi tn. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC III CU TO PHN T V TNH CHT HO Hot ng 1 HC 1. Cu to phn t GV ? Phn t amin v amoniac c im g - Tu thuc vo s lin kt v nguyn t N to ra vi ging nhau v mt cu to ? nguyn t cacbon m ta c amin bc I, bc II, bc III. HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit c im cu R-NH2 R NH R1 R N R1 to ca phn t amin.
Ba I c Ba II c R2 Ba III c

- Phn t amin c nguyn t nit tng t trong phn t NH3 nn cc amin c tinh baz. Ngoi ra amin cn c tnh cht ca gc hirocacbon. 2. Tnh cht ho hc Hot ng 2 a. Tnh baz Tc dng vi nc: Dung dch cc amin mch h GV biu dien 2 th nghim sau HS quan st: - Th nghim 1: Cho mu giy qu a thm nc trong nc lm qu tm ho xanh, phenolphtalein ho hng. ln ming l ng CH3NH2. CH3NH2 + HO [CH3NH3]+ +OH- a u ua thu tinh a nhng dung dch 2 HCl c ln ming l ng CH3NH2. Anilin v cc amin thm phn ng rt km vi nc. Tc dng vi axit HS quan st hin tng xy ra, gii thch. C6H5NH2 + HCl ? [C6H5NH3]+Cl? HS nghin cu SGK so snh tnh baz ca anilin phenylamoni clorua CH3NH2, NH3, C6H5NH2. Gii thch nguyn nhn. Nhn xt: - Cc amin tan nhiu trong nc nh metylamin, etylamin,c kh nng lm xanh giy qu tm hoc lm hng phenolphtalein, c tnh baz mnh hn amoniac nh nh hng ca nhm ankyl. - Anilin c tnh baz, nhng dung dch ca n khng lm xanh giy qu tm, cung khng lm hng phenolphtalein v tnh baz ca n rt yu v yu hn amoniac. l nh hng ca gc phenyl (tng t phenol). Tnh baz: CH3NH2 > NH3 > C6H5NH2 Hot ng 3 b. Phn ng th nhn thm ca anilin :NH2 NH2 GV biu dien th nghim khi nh vi git dung Br Br dch Br2 bao ho vo ng nghim ng dung dch H2O anilin. + 3Br2 + 3HBr HS quan st hin tng xy ra, gii thch nguyn nhn, vit PTHH ca phn ng. Br
(2,4,6-tribromanilin)

Nhn bit anilin V. CNG C: 1. C 3 ho cht sau y: Etylamin, phenylamin v amoniac. Th t tng dn lc baz c sp xp theo day A. amoniac < etylamin < phenylamin B. etylamin < amoniac < phenylamin C. phenylamin < amoniac < etylamin D. phenylamin < etylamin < amoniac 2. C th nhn bit l ng dung dch CH3NH2 bng cch no trong cc cch sau ? A. Nhn bit bng mi. B. Thm vi git dung dch H2SO4

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

C. Thm vi git dung dch Na2CO3 D. a ua thu tinh a nhng ddHCl c ln pha trn ming l ng dd CH3NH2 c. 3. Trnh by phng php ho hc tch ring tng cht trong moi hon hp sau y: a) Hon hp kh: CH4 v CH3NH2 b) Hon hp lng: C6H6, C6H5OH v C6H5NH2 VI. DN D 1. Bi tp v nh: 1 ? 6 trang 44 (SGK). 2. Xem trc bi AMINOAXIT

Ngy son:............/............

AMINOAXIT

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: - HS bit: Khi nim v amino axit - HS hiu: Nhng tnh cht ho hc in hnh ca amino axit. 2. K nng: - Nhn dng cc hp cht amino axit. - Vit chnh xc cc PTHH ca amino axit 3. Thi : Amino axit c tm quan trng trong vic tng hp ra protein, quyt nh s sng, khi nm c bn cht ca n (nh ngha, danh php v cc tnh cht c trng ca n) se to hng th cho HS khi hc bi ny. II. CHUN B: - Hnh ve, tranh nh lin quan n bi hc. - H thng cc cu hi ca bi hc. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din.

Tie t 16

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

2. Kim tra bi cu: Cho cc cht sau: dd HCl, NaCl, qu tm, dd Br2. Cht no phn ng c vi anilin. Vit PTHH ca phn ng. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC I KHI NIM Hot ng 1 1. Khi nim Th d: GV yu cu HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit CH3 CH COOH H2N CH2[CH2]3 CH COOH nh ngha v hp cht amino axit. Cho th d. NH2 NH2 alanin lysin Aminoaxit l nhng hp cht hu c tp chc, phn t cha ng thi nhm amino (NH2) v nhm cacboxyl (COOH). CTTQ: (H2N)x?R?(COOH)y (x ? 1, y ? 1) 2. Danh php - Xut pht t tn axit tng ng (tn h thng, tn GV yu cu HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit thng) c thm tip u ng amino v s hoc cch gi tn amino axit. Cho th d. ch ci Hi Lp (?, ?) ch v tr ca nhm NH2 trong mch l tn thay th, tn bn h thng - Cc ?-amino axit c trong thin nhin thng c gi bng tn ring. Tn gi ca mt s amino axit (SGK) Hot ng 2 GV vit CTCT ca axit amino axetic v yu cu HS nhn xt v c im cu to. GV khc su c im cu to (1 nhm COOH v 1 nhm NH2), cc nhm ny mang tnh cht khc nhau, chng c th tc dng vi nhau, t yu cu HS vit di dng ion lng cc. GV thng bo cho HS mt s tnh cht vt l c trng ca amino axit. GV ? T c im cu to ca amino axit, em hy cho bit amino axit c th th hin nhng tnh cht g ? GV yu cu HS vit PTHH ca phn ng gia glyxin vi dung dch HCl, dung dch NaOH. II CU TO PHN T V TNH CHT HO HC 1. Cu to phn t: Tn ti di hai dng: Phn t v ion lng cc.
H2N-CH2-COOH H3N-CH2-COOda g pha t n n ion lg c n c Cc amino axit l nhng hp cht ion nn iu kin thng l cht rn kt tinh, tng i de tan trong nc v c nhit nng chy cao (phn hu khi un nng). 2. Tnh cht ho hc Cc amino axit l nhng hp cht lng tnh, tnh cht ring ca moi nhm chc v c phn ng trng ngng. a. Tnh cht lng tnh
HOOC-CH -NH2 + HCl HOOC-CH -NH3Cl2 2 H2N-CH2-COOH + NaOH H2N-CH2-COONa + H 2O
+

b. Tnh axit baz ca dung dch amino axit GV nu vn : Tu thuc vo s lng nhm - Dung dch glyxin khng lm i mu qu tm. COOH v NH2 trong moi amino axit se cho mi + trng nht nh. H2N CH2 COOH H3N-CH2-COO GV biu dien th nghim nhng giy qu tm - Dung dch axit glutamic lm qu tm ho hng vo dung dch glyxin, axit glutamic, lysin. HOOC-CH CH2CHCOOH OOC-CH CH2CHCOO2 2 + NH2 NH3 HS nhn xt hin tng, vit phng trnh in li v gii thch. - Dung dch lysin lm qu tm ho xanh.
H2N[CH2]4CH COOH + HO 2 NH2

H3N[CH2]4 CH COO +OH + NH3

GV yu cu HS vit PTHH ca phn ng este ho gia glyxin vi etanol (xt kh HCl)

c. Phn ng ring ca nhm COOH: phn ng este ho


H2N-CH2-COOH + CH5OH 2
HCl kh

H2N-CH2-COOC2H5 +H2O

Thc ra este hnh thnh di dng mui. H2N-CH2-COOC2H5 +HCl ?

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu Cl H3N CH2COOC2H5 d. Phn ng trng ngng

GV yu cu HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit iu kin cc amino axit tham gia phn ng trng ngng to ra polime loi poliamit. GV yu cu HS nu c im ca loi phn ng ny. Vit PTHH trng ngng ?-aminocaproic Hot ng 3 HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit cc ng dng ca aminoaxit.

...+ H NH [CH2]5 CO OH +H NH [CH2]5 CO OH +H NH [CH2]5 CO OH + ...

t0

... NH [CH2]5 CO NH [CH2]5 CO NH [CH2]5 CO ... +nH2O

hay nH2N-[CH2]5COOH

t0

(NH

[CH2]5 CO )n +nH2O

axit ?-aminocaproic

policaproamit

III NG DNG - Cc amino axit thin nhin (hu ht l cc ?-amino axit) l nhng hp cht c s kin to nn cc loi protein ca c th sng. - Mui mononatri ca axit glutamic dng lm gia v thc n (m chnh hay bt ngt), axit glutamic l thuc ho tr thn kinh, methionin l thuc b gan. - Cc axit 6-aminohexanoic (?-aminocaproic) v 7aminoheptanoic (?-aminoenantoic) l nguyn liu sn xut t nilon nh nilon-6, nilon-7,

V. CNG C 1. ng vi CTPT C4H9NO2 c bao nhiu amino axit l ng phn cu to ca nhau ? A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 2. C 3 cht hu c: H2NCH2COOH, CH3CH2COOH v CH3[CH2]3NH2. nhn ra dung dch ca cc hp cht trn, ch cn dng thuc th no sau y ? A. NaOH B. HCl C. CH3OH/HCl VI. DN D 1. Bi tp v nh: 1 ? 6 trang 48 (SGK). 2. Xem trc bi PEPTIT V PROTEIN

D. Qu tm

Ngy son:............/............

PEPTIT VA PROTEIN (Tiet 1)

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - Peptit, protein, axit nucleic l g v vai tr ca chng trong c th sinh vt. - Bit s lc v cu trc v tnh cht ca protein. 2. K nng: - Nhn dng mch peptit. - Vit cc PTHH ca peptit v protein. - Gii cc bi tp ho hc phn peptit v protein. 3. Thi : C th khm ph c nhng hp cht cu to nn c th sng v th gii xung quanh.

Tie t 17

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

II. CHUN B: - Hnh ve, tranh nh c lin quan n bi hc. - H thng cu hi cho bi dy. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC I PEPTIT Hot ng 1 1. Khi nim * Peptit l hp cht cha t 2 n 50 gc ?-amino HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit nh ngha v axit lin kt vi nhau bi cc lin kt peptit. peptit. GV yu cu HS ch ra lin kt peptit trong cng * Lien ket peptit la lien ket -CO-NH- gia hai -aminoaxit. Nho C NH gi hai n v m a thc sau:
lie kepeptit n t

... NH CH C N CH C ... R1 O H R2 O

O -aminoaxit go la m peptit c i nho


lie kepeptit n t

GV ghi cng thc ca amino axit v yu cu HS nghin cu SGK bit c amino axit u N v u C. GV yu cu HS cho bit cch phn loi peptit qua nghin cu SGK.

HS nghin cu SGK v vit PTHH thu phn mch peptit gm 3 gc ?-amino axit. HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit hin tng CuSO4 tc dng vi cc peptit trong mi trng OH?. Gii thch hin tng. GV nu vn : y l thuc th dng nhn ra peptit c p dng trong cc bi tp nhn bit. Hot ng 2 HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit nh ngha v protein. GV yu cu HS nghin cu SGK vcho bit cc loi protein v c im ca cc loi protein.

* Phn t peptit hp thnh t cc gc ?-amino axit bng lin kt peptit theo mt trt t nht nh. Amino axit u N cn nhm NH2, amino axit u C cn nhm COOH. Th du: H2N CH2CO NH CH COOH CH3 a N u a C u * Nhng phn t peptit cha 2, 3, 4,gc ?-amino axit c gi l i, tri, tetrapeptit. Nhng phn t peptit cha nhiu gc ?-amino axit (trn 10) hp thnh c gi l polipeptit. * CTCT ca cc peptit c th biu dien bng cch ghp t tn vit tt ca cc gc ?-amino axit theo trt t ca chng. Th d: Hai ipeptit t alanin v glyxin l: Ala-Gly v Gly-Ala. 2. Tnh cht ho hc a. Phn ng thu phn

... NH CH C N CH C ... R1 O H R2 O

...H N CH CO NH CH CO NH CH CO ...NH CHCOOH + (n - 1)H 2 2O R1 R2 R3 Rn H+ hoac OH H2NCHCOOH+H2NCHCOOH+H2NCHCOOH + ... +2NCHCOOH H R1 R2 R3 Rn

b. Phn ng mu biure Trong mi trng kim, Cu(OH)2 tc dng vi peptit cho mu tm (mu ca hp cht phc ng vi peptit c t 2 lin kt peptit tr ln). II PROTEIN 1. Khi nim: Protein l nhng polipeptit cao phn t c khi lng phn t t vi chc nghn n vi triu. Phn loi: * Protein n gin: L loi protein m khi thy phn ch cho hon hp cc ?-amino axit. Th d: anbumin ca lng trng trng, fibroin ca t tm, * Protein phc tp: c to thnh t protein n

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu gin cng vi thnh phn phi protein. Th d: nucleoprotein cha axit nucleic, lipoprotein cha cht bo, 2. Cu to phn t c to nn bi nhiu gc ?-amino axit ni vi nhau bng lin kt peptit.
... NH CH C N CH C NH CH C ... hay R1 O H R2 O R3 O NH CH C Ri O n

HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit nhng c im chnh v cu trc phn t ca protein.

(n ? 50) V. CNG C 1. Peptit l g ? Lin kt peptit l g ? C bao nhiu lin kt peptit trong mt phn t tripeptit ? Vit CTCT v gi tn cc tripeptit c th c hnh thnh t glyxin, alanin v phenylalanin (C6H5CH2? CH(NH2)?COOH, vit tt l Phe) 2. Hp cht no sau y thuc loi ipeptit ? A. H2N?CH2?CONH?CH2CONH?CH2COOH B. H2N?CH2CONH?CH(CH3)?COOH C. H2N?CH2CH2?CONH?CH2CH2COOH D. H2N?CH2CH2CONH?CH2COOH 3. Thuc th no sau y dng phn bit cc dung dch glucoz, glixerol, etanol v lng trng trng ? A. NaOH B. AgNO3/NH3 C. Cu(OH)2 D. HNO3 VI. DN D 1. Bi tp v nh: 1 ? 3 trang 55 (SGK). 2. Xem trc phn cn li ca bi bi PEPTIT V PROTEIN

Ngy son:............/............

PEPTIT VA PROTEIN (Tiet 2)

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - Peptit, protein, axit nucleic l g v vai tr ca chng trong c th sinh vt. - Bit s lc v cu trc v tnh cht ca protein. 2. K nng: - Nhn dng mch peptit. - Vit cc PTHH ca peptit v protein. - Gii cc bi tp ho hc phn peptit v protein. 3. Thi : C th khm ph c nhng hp cht cu to nn c th sng v th gii xung quanh. II. CHUN B:

Tie t 18

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

- Hnh ve, tranh nh c lin quan n bi hc. - H thng cu hi cho bi dy. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1 3. Tnh cht GV biu dien th nghim v s ho tan v ng a. Tnh cht vt l: - Nhiu protein hnh cu tan c trong nc to t ca lng trng trng. thnh dung dch keo v ng t li khi un nng. HS quan st hin tng, nhn xt. Th d: Ho tan lng trng trng vo nc, sau GV tm tt li mt s tnh cht vt l c trng un si, lng trng trng se ng t li. ca protein. - S ng t v kt ta protein cung xy ra khi cho axit, baz v mt s mui vo dung dch protein. HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit nhng tnh cht b. Tnh cht ho hc - B thu phn nh xt axit, baz hoc enzim ho hc c trng ca protein. Protein ? chuoi polipeptit ? ?-amino axit GV biu dien th nghim phn ng mu biure. - C phn ng mu biure vi Cu(OH)2 ? mu tm HS quan st hin tng xy ra, nhn xt. GV ?: V sao protein c tnh cht ho hc tng t peptit. HS nghin cu SGK bit c tm quan trng 4. Vai tr ca protein i vi s sng (SGK) ca protein. III KHI NIM V ENZIM V AXIT NUCLEIC 1. Enzim Hot ng 2 a. Khi nim: L nhng cht hu ht c bn cht protein, c kh nng xc tc cho cc qu trnh ho HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit nh ngha v hc, c bit trong c th sinh vt. enzim. * Tn ca enzim: Xut pht t tn ca phn ng hay GV yu cu HS cho bit: cht phn ng thm ui aza. - Tn gi ca cc enzim. Th d: enzim amilazat cho qu trnh thu phn - c im ca xc tc enzim. tinh bt (amylum) thnh matoz. - Nhng c im ca xc tc enzim. b. c im ca enzim - Hot ng xt ca enzim c tnh chn lc rt cao: moi enzim ch xuc tc cho mt s chuyn ho nht nh. - Tc phn ng nh xc tc enzim rt ln, thng ln gp t 109 n 1011 ln tc ca cng phn ng nh xc tc ho hc. 2. Axit nucleic a. Khi nim: Axit nucleic l polieste ca axit HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit: photphoric v pentoz (monosaccarit c 5C); moi - nh ngha chung v axit nucleic. pentoz li lin kt vi mt baz nit ( l cc hp - Nhng c im ca axit nucleic. cht d vng cha nit c k hiu l A, C, G, T, U). * Axit nucleic thng tng ti di dng kt hp vi protein gi l nucleoprotein. Axit nucleic c hai loi c k hiu l AND v ARN. b. Vai tr GV thng bo cho HS bit vai tr quan trng ca - Axit nucleic c vai tr quan trng bc nht trong cc hot ng ca c th, nh s tng hp protein, axit nucleic trong hot ng sng ca c th. s chuyn cc thng tin di truyn. - AND cha cc thng tinh di truyn. N l vt liu

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu di truyn cp phn t mang thng tinh di truyn ma ho cho hot ng sinh trng v pht trin ca cc c th sng. - ARN ch yu nm trong t bo cht, n tham gia vo qu trnh gii ma thng tinh di truyn.

V. CNG C 1. Phn bit cc khi nim: a) Peptit v protein b) Protein phc tp v protein n chc gin. 2. Xc nh phn t khi gn ng ca mt hemoglobin (huyt cu t) cha 0,4% Fe v khi lng (moi phn t hemoglobin ch cha 1 nguyn t st). VI. DN D 1. Bi tp v nh: 3 ? 6 trang 55 (SGK). 2. HS v nh gii quyt bi tp sau: Ch t Amin bc 1 Amino axit Protein Vn ... HN CH CO NH CH CO ... R CH COOH Cng thc RNH2 NH2 chung NH2 R1 R2 Tnh cht ho hc + HCl + NaOH + ROH/kh HCl + Br2 (dd)/H2O Trng ngng Phn ng biure + Cu(OH)2 3. Xem trc bi LUYN TP: CU TO V TNH CHT CA AMIN, AMINO AXIT V PROTEIN

Ngy son:............/............

LUYEN TAP: CAU TAO VA TNH CHAT CUA AMIN, AMINO AXIT VA PROTEIN

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: So snh, cng c kin thc v cu to cung nh tnh cht ca amin, amino axit v protein. 2. K nng: - Lm bng tng kt v cc hp cht quan trng trong chng. - Vit cc PTHH ca phn ng di dng tng qut cho cc hp cht amin, amino axit. - Gii cc bi tp ho hc phn amin, amino axit v protein. 3. Thi : C th khm ph c nhng hp cht cu to nn c th sng v th gii xung quanh. II. CHUN B: - Bng tng kt mt s hp cht quan trng ca amin, amino axit. - H thng cu hi cho bi dy. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm.

Tie t 19

GV: Mai Vn t IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Phn bit cc khi nim: a) Peptit v protein b) Protein phc tp v protein n chc gin. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR Hot ng 1 HS 1 chn p n ph hp. HS 2 nhn xt v p n HS 1 chn. GV nhn xt kt qu.

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

NI DUNG KIN THC Bi 1: Dung dch no di y lm qu tm ho xanh ? A. CH3CH2CH2NH2 B. H2N?CH2?COOH C. C6H5NH2 D. H2NCH(COOH)CH2CH2COOH Bi 2: C2H5NH2 tan trong nc khng phn ng vi cht no trong s cc cht sau ? A. HCl B. H2SO4 C. NaOH D. Qu tm Bi 3: Vit cc PTHH ca phn ng gia tirozin
HO CH2 CH COOH NH2

Hot ng 2 GV ?: tirozin thuc loi hp cht g ? HS vn dng cc kin thc a hc v amino axit hon thnh PTHH ca phn ng.

Vi cc cht sau y: a) HCl c) NaOH bao ho)

b) Nc brom d) CH3OH/HCl (hi

Gii a) HO-C6H4-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH + HCl ? HO-C6H4-CH2-CH(NH3Cl)-COOH b) HO-C6H4-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH + 2Br2 ? HO-C6H2Br2-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH + 2HBr c) HO-C6H4-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH + 2NaOH ? NaO-C6H4-CH2-CH(NH2)-COONa + 2H2O
d)HO-C6H4-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH +CH3OH
HCl ba hoa o

HO-C6H4-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOCH3 + H2O Bi 4: Trnh by phng php ho hc phn bit dung dch tng cht trong cc nhm cht sau: HS da trn tnh cht ho hc c trng ca cc a) CH3NH2, H2N-CH2-COOH, CH3COONa cht gii quyt bi tp. b) C6H5NH2, CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH, C3H5(OH)3, CH3CHO Gii a) CH3NH2 H2N-CH2CH3COONa COOH Qu tm ? Xanh (1) Xanh (2) (nhn ra glyxin) Dd HCl khi trng ? b) CH3 CH COOH CH2 CH CH2 C6H5NH2 CH3CHO NH2 OH OH OH Cu(OH)2, lc nh Dd trong sut mu ? ? ? gch (2) xanh lam (1) Cu(OH)2, t0 ? ? Dung dch Br2 ? trng (3) ? Bi 5: Cho 0,01 mol amino axit A tc dng va vi 80 ml dung dch HCl 0,125M; sau phn ng em c cn th thu c 1,815g mui. Nu trung

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu ho A bng mt lng va NaOH th thy t l mol gia A v NaOH l 1:1. a) Xc nh CTPT v CTCT ca A, bit rng phn t ca A c mch cacbon khng phn nhnh v A thuc loi ?- amino axit b) Vit CTCT cc ng phn c th ca A vgi tn chng theo danh php th, khi - thay i v tr nhm amino. - thay i cu to gc hirocacbon v nhm amino van v tr ?. Gii a) CTCT ca A CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH COOH NH2 b) - Thay i v tr nhm amino
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH CH2 COOH NH2
axit 3-aminoheptanoic
7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Hot ng 3 GV dn dt HS gii quyt bi ton. HS t gii quyt di s hng dn ca GV.

V. CNG C: Trong tit luyn tp. VI. DN D: Xem trc bi I CNG V POLIME

Ngy son:............/............ CHNG 4:


Tie t 20

POLIME V VT LIU POLIME

AI CNG VE POLIME(Tiet 1)

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: - HS bit: nh ngha, c im cu to ca polime. - HS hiu: Phn ng trng hp v phn ng trng ngng. 2. K nng: - Phn loi v gi tn polime. - So snh phn ng trng hp vi phn ng trng ngng. - Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng tng hp ra cc polime. 3. Thi : Mt s hp cht polime l nhng loi vt liu gn gui trong cuc sng. II. CHUN B: Cc bng tng kt, s , hnh ve lin quan n bi hc. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din.

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

2. Kim tra bi cu: Vit phng trnh phn ng to polime t cc monome sau: CH2=CH2, H2N[CH2]5COOH v cho bit tn ca cc phn ng . 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC I KHI NIM: Polime l nhng hp cht c phn t khi ln do nhiu n v c s gi l mt Hot ng 1 xch lin kt vi nhau to nn. Th du: polietilen (CH2 CH2 )n, nilon-6 ( NH [CH2]5 CO )n GV yu cu HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit nh ngha v polime. - n: H s polime ho hay polime ho. HS cho th d. Gii thch cc khi nim nh: h - Cc phn t nh CH2=CH2, H2N[CH2]5COOH: monome s polime ho, monome. * Tn gi: Ghp t poli trc tn monome. Nu tn HS c SGK v cho bit cch gi tn polime. Vn dng vo mt s th d c th. (Vit PTHH, ch ca monome gm hai cm t tr ln th c t trong du ngoc n. ro monome, h s trng hp). Th d:
( polietilen CH2 CH2 )n; poli(vinyl clorua) ( CH2 CHCl )n

* Mt s polime c tn ring: Th d:
Teflon: CF2 CF2 n Nilon-6: NH [CH2]5 CO n

Hot ng 2 HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit c im cu trc phn t polime. Cho th d. GV s dng m hnh cc kiu mch polime minh ho cho HS.

Xenluloz: (C6H10O5)n II C IM CU TRC Mch khng phn nhnh: amiloz, tinh bt, Mch phn nhnh: amilopectin, glicogen, Mng khng gian: cao su lu ho, nha bakelit,
a) ooooooooooooooo
o o ooo oo ooooo oooo oo o oo o o o o oo oo oo oooo o o o o o b) ooooooooooo o o oooo o o o o o oo o o o ooo oo ooooo oooo c) ooooooooooooooo o o oo o o oo o o o o oo ooooo oo ooooo o o ooo o o oo o o oo oo oooo oo o oo o o o oo oo oo ooooo oo ooooooo oo o oo ooo oooo oo o

a) ma g khog pha nhah n n n n b) ma g pha nhah n n n c) ma g khog gian n n

Hot ng 3 HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit mt s tnh cht vt l ca polime. GV ly mt s tc dng v cc sn phm polime trong i sng v sn xut chng minh thm cho tnh cht vt l ca cc sn phm polime.

III TNH CHT VT L Cc polime hu ht l nhng cht rn, khng bay hi, khng c nhit nng chy xc nh. Polime khi nng chy cho cht lng nht, ngui rn li gi l cht nhit do. Polime khng nng chy, khi un b phn hu gi l cht nhit rn. IV TNH CHT HO HC 1. Phn ng phn ct mch cacbon Polime c nhm chc trong mch de b thu phn
Th du:(C6H10O5)n +nH2O Tinh bo t
H+ t0 ,

nC6H12O6 Glucoz

Polime trng hp b nhit phn nhit thch hp to thnh cc on ngn, cui cng thnh monome ban u (phn ng gii trng hp hay phn ng epolime hoa)

GV: Mai Vn t
Th du:

Trng THPT L Th Hiu


CH CH2 C6H5 n polistiren
3000C

nCH CH2 C6H5 stiren

GV gii thiu cc phn ng ho hc ca polime. HS nghin cu SGK v vit cc PTHH minh ho.

2. Phn ng gi nguyn mch cacbon


CH2 CH C CH2 + nHCl CH3 n poliisopren

Cl CH2 CH2 C CH2 CH3 n poliisopren hiroclo hoa

3. Phn ng tng mch polime Phn ng lu ho chuyn cao su thnh cao su lu ho. Phn ng chuyn nha rezol thnh nha rezit.
OH CH2 CH2OH n + CH2 OH n
t0

OH

CH2 CH2 CH2 OH n

+nH2O

V. CNG C: H s polime ho l g ? C th xc nh chnh xc h s polime ho c khng ? Tnh h s polime ho ca PE, PVC v xenluloz, bit rng phn t khi trung bnh ca chng ln lt l: 420.000, 250.000 v 1.620.000. VI. DN D 1. Bi tp v nh: 1, 6 trang 64 (SGK). 2. Xem trc phn cn li ca bi bi I CNG V POLIME

Ngy son:............/............

AI CNG VE POLIME(Tiet 2)

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: - HS bit: nh ngha, c im cu to ca polime. - HS hiu: Phn ng trng hp v phn ng trng ngng. 2. K nng: - Phn loi v gi tn polime. - So snh phn ng trng hp vi phn ng trng ngng. - Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng tng hp ra cc polime. 3. Thi : Mt s hp cht polime l nhng loi vt liu gn gui trong cuc sng. II. CHUN B: Cc bng tng kt, s , hnh ve lin quan n bi hc. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: H s polime ho l g ? C th xc nh chnh xc h s polime ho c khng ? Tnh h s polime ho ca PE, PVC v xenluloz, bit rng phn t khi trung bnh ca chng ln lt l: 420.000, 250.000 v 1.620.000. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC

Tie t 21

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

V PHNG PHP IU CH 1. Phn ng trng hp: Trng hp l qu trnh Hot ng 1 kt hp nhiu phn t nh (monome) ging nhau hay tng t nhau thnh phn t ln (polime). HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit nh ngha v phn ng trng hp ? iu kin cn v cu to ca monome tham gia GV ?: Qua mt s phn ng trng hp m chng ta phn ng trng hp l trong phn t phi c lin kt bi (CH2=CH2, CH2=CH-Cl, CH2=CH-CHa c hc. Em hy cho bit mt monome mun CH2,) hoc l vng km bn c th m ra nh: tham gia c phn ng trng hp th v c im CH2 CH2 C O cu to, phn t monome phi thoa man c CH2 CH2, H2C im cu to nh th no ? O GV b sung thm iu kin nu HS nu ra cha CH2 CH2 NH,... y v ly mt s th d chng minh. Th d:
nCH2 CH Cl
xt, t0, p

vinyl clorua
t0, xt

poli(vinyl clorua)

CH2 CH Cl n
NH[CH2]5CO n
capron

CH2 CH2 C O H2C CH2 CH2 NH


caprolactam

CH2 CH2 C O 0 HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit nh ngha v t , xt H2C NH[CH2]5CO n phn ng trng ngng ? GV ?: Qua mt s phn ng trng ngng m CH2 CH2 NH caprolactam capron chng ta a c hc. Em hy cho bit mt monome mun tham gia c phn ng trng ngng th v c nHOOC-C H -COOH + nHOCH OH t0 6 4 2-CH2 im cu to, phn t monome phi thoa man CO C6H4-CO OC2H4 O n +2nH2O c im cu to nh th no ? Trng ngng l qu trnh kt hp nhiu phn t GV b sung thm iu kin nu HS nu ra cha nh (monome) thnh phn t ln (polime) ng y v ly mt s th d chng minh. thi gii phng nhng phn t nh khc (th d H2O). iu kin cn v cu to ca monome tham gia phn ng trng ngng l trong phn t phi c t nht hai nhm chc c kh nng phn ng. HS nghin cu SGK bit c mt s ng dng VI NG DNG: Vt liu polime phc v cho sn xut v i sng: Cht do, t si, cao su, keo quan trng ca cc polime. dn. V. CNG C 1. Polime no sau y c tng hp bng phn ng trng hp ? A. Poli(vinyl clorua) B. Polisaccarit C. Protein D. Nilon6,6 2. Polime no sau y c tng hp bng phn ng trng ngng ? A. Nilon-6,6 B. Polistiren C. Poli(vinyl clorua) D. Polipropilen 3. T cc sn phm ho du (C6H6 v CH2=CH2) c th tng hp c polistiren, cht c dng sn xut nha trao i ion. Hy vit cc PTHH ca phn ng xy ra (c th dng thm cc hp cht v c cn thit). VI. DN D 1. Bi tp v nh: 2 ? 5 trang 64 (SGK). 2. Xem trc bi VT LIU POLIME

2. Phn ng trng ngng

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

Ngy son:............/............

VAT LIEU POLIME (Tiet 1)

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: - Khi nim v mt s vt liu: Cht do, sao su, t, keo dn. - Thnh phn, tnh cht v ng dng ca chng. 2. K nng: - So snh cc loi vt liu. - Vit cc PTHH ca phn ng tng hp ra mt s polime dng lm cht do, cao su v t tng hp. - Gii cc bi tp polime. 3. Thi : HS thy c nhng u im v tm quan trng ca cc vt liu polime trong i sng v sn xut. II. CHUN B: - Cc mu polime, cao su, t, keo dn, - Cc tranh nh, hnh ve, t liu lin quan n bi ging. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Phn bit s trng hp v trng ngng v cc mt: phn ng, monome v phn t khi ca polime so vi monome. Ly th d minh ho. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC I CHT DO GV nu vn : Hin nay do tc dng ca mi 1. Khi nim v cht do v vt liu compozit trng xung quanh (khng kh, nc, kh thi,) kim loi v hp kim b n mn rt nhiu, trong khi - Cht do l vt liu polime c tnh do. - Vt liu compozit l vt liu hon hp gm t nht cc khong sn ny nag cng cn kit. V vy hai thnh phn phn tn vo nhau v khng tan vo vic i tm cc nguyn liu mi l cn thit. Mt nhau. trong cc gi php l iu ch vt liu polime. Gv yu cu HS c SGK v cho bit nh ngha Thnh phn ca vt liu compozit gm cht nn v cht do, vt liu compozit. Th no l tnh do ? (polime) v cc cht ph gia khc. Cc cht nn c th l nha nhit do hay nha nhit rn. Cht n Cho th d khi nghin cu SGK. c th l si (bng, ay, poliamit, aming,) hoc bt (silicat, bt nh (CaCO3), bt tan (3MgO.4SiO2.2H2O), 2. Mt s polime dng lm cht do GV yu cu HS vit PTHH ca phn ng trng hp PE. a) Polietilen (PE): CH2 CH2 n HS nu nhng tnh cht l ho c trng, ng PE l cht do mm, nng chy nhit trn dng ca PE, c im ca PE. 1100C, c tnh tr tng i ca ankan mch khng phn nhnh, c dng lm mng mng, vt liu in, bnh cha, GV yu cu HS vit PTHH ca phn ng trng b) Poli (vinyl clorua) (PVC):2 CH CH hp PVC. Cl n HS nu nhng tnh cht l ho c trng, ng PVC l cht rn v nh hnh, cch in tt, bn vi dng ca PVC, c im ca PVC. axit, c dng lm vt liu cch in, ng dn nc, vi che ma. GV yu cu HS vit PTHH ca phn ng trng CH3 hp PMM. c) Poli (metyl metacylat)CH2 C : HS nu nhng tnh cht l ho c trng, ng COOCH n 3 dng ca PMM, c im ca PMM. L cht rn trong sut cho nh sng truyn qua tt

Tie t 22

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu (gn 90%) nn c dng ch to thu tinh hu c plexiglat.


d) Poli (phenol fomanehit) (PPF)

GV yu cu HS vit PTHH ca phn ng trng hp PPF. HS nu nhng tnh cht l ho c trng, ng dng ca PPF, c im ca PPF.

C 3 dng: Nha novolac, nha rezol v nha rezit - S iu ch nha novolac:


OH OH n
+ nCH2O

OH
0

CH2OH H , 75 C -nH2O

CH2 n
nh novolac a

ancol o-hiroxibenzylic

OH CH2 OH CH2 CH2 OH

OH CH2 ...

OH

- iu ch nha rezol: un nng hon hp phenol v fomanehit theo t l mol 1:1,2 (xt kim), thu c nha rezol. - iu ch nha rezit:
CH2 OH

Nha rezol
OH

0 > 140 C

nh novolac a

e nguo i

Nh rezit a
OH

OH OHCH2 CH2

OH CH2 CH2OH

OH CH2 ... OH CH2OH

OH CH2 CH2 CH2OH OH CH2 CH2

CH2

Nh rezit a

Mooa ma h pha t a rezol t n c n nh

OH

OH CH2 CH2

CH2 CH2 CH2

CH2

Mooa ma h pha t a rezit t n c n nh

Hot ng 2 HS c SGK v cho bit nh ngha v t, cc c im t.

GV yu cu HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit cc loi t v c im ca n.

II T 1. Khi nim - T l nhng polime hnh si di v mnh vi bn nht nh. - Trong t, nhng phn t polime c mch khng phn nhnh, sp xp song song vi nhau. 2. Phn loi a) T thin nhin (sn c trong thin nhin) nh bng, len, t tm. b) T ho hc (ch to bng phng php ho hc) - T tng hp (ch to t polime tng hp): t poliamit (nilon, capron), t vinylic th (vinilon, nitron,) - T bn tng hp hay t nhn to (xut pht t polime thin nhin nhng c ch bin thm bng con ng ho hc): t visco, t xenluloz axetat, 3. Mt s loi t tng hp thng gp a) T nilon-6,6
nH2N CH2]6 NH2 + nHOOC-[CH2]4-COOH
t0

HS c SGK, sau vit PTHH ca phn ng tng hp t nilon-6,6 v nu nhng c im ca loi t ny.

NH [CH2]6 NHCO [CH2]4 CO n +2nH2O


poli(hexametylen aipamit) hay nilon-6,6

- Tnh cht: T nilon-6,6 dai, bn, mm mi, ng

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu mt, t thm nc, git mau kh nhng km bn vi nhit, vi axit v kim. - ng dng: Dt vi may mc, vi lt sm lp xe, dt bt tt, bn lm dy cp, dy d, an li, b) T nitron (hay olon)

HS c SGK, sau vit PTHH ca phn ng tng hp t nitron v nu nhng c im ca loi t ny.

nCH2 CH CN
acrilonitrin

RCOOR', t0

CH2 CH CN n
poliacrilonitrin

- Tnh cht: Dai, bn vi nhit v gi nhit tt. - ng dng: Dt vi, may qun o m, bn len an o rt. V. CNG C: 1. Trong cc nhn xt di y, nhn xt no khng ng ? A. Mt s cht do l polime nguyn cht. B. a s cht do, ngoi thnh phn c bn l polime cn c cc thnh phn khc. C. Mt s vt liu compozit ch l polime. D. Vt liu compozit cha polime v cc thnh phn khc. 2. T nilon-6,6 thuc loi A. t nhn to B. t bn tng hp C. t thin nhin D. t tng hp 3. T visco khng thuc loi A. t ho hc B. t tng hp C. t bn tng hp D. t nhn to 4. Nha phenol-fomanehit c iu ch bng cch un nng phenol vi dung dch A. CH3COOH trong mi trng axit. B. CH3CHO trong mi trng axit. C. HCOOH trong mi trng axit. D. HCHO trong mi trng axit. 5. Khi clo ho PVC, tnh trung bnh c k mt xch trong mch PVC phn ng vi mt phn t clo. Sau khi clo ho, thu c mt polime cha 63,96% clo v khi lng. Gi tr ca k l A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 6. Trong cc kin di y, kin no ng ? A. t st nho vi nc rt do, c th p thnh gch, ngi; vy t st nho vi nc l cht do. B. Thch cao nho vi nc rt do, c th nn thnh tng; vy l mt cht do. C. Thu tinh hu c (plexiglas) rt cng v bn i vi nhit; vy khng phi l cht do. D. Tnh do ca cht do ch th hin trong nhng iu kin nht nh; cc iu kin khc, cht do c th khng do. VI. DN D 1. Bi tp v nh: 2, 4 trang 72 SGK 2. Xem trc phn cn li ca bi VT LIU POLIME.

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

Ngy son:............/............

VAT LIEU POLIME(Tiet 2)

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: - Khi nim v mt s vt liu: Cht do, sao su, t, keo dn. - Thnh phn, tnh cht v ng dng ca chng. 2. K nng: - So snh cc loi vt liu. - Vit cc PTHH ca phn ng tng hp ra mt s polime dng lm cht do, cao su v t tng hp. - Gii cc bi tp polime. 3. Thi : HS thy c nhng u im v tm quan trng ca cc vt liu polime trong i sng v sn xut. II. CHUN B: - Cc mu polime, cao su, t, keo dn, - Cc tranh nh, hnh ve, t liu lin quan n bi ging. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1 III CAO SU HS c SGK v quan st si dy sao su lm mu 1. Khi nim: Cao su l vt liu c tnh n hi. ca GV, cho bit nh ngha cao su, phn loi cao su. 2. Phn loi: C hai loi cao su: Cao su thin nhin GV yu cu HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit cu v cao su tng hp. a) Cao su thin nhin trc phn t ca sao su thin nhin. Cu to:
250-300 Cao su thien nhien C isopren Cao su thin nhin l polime ca isopren:
0

HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit tnh cht ca cao su thin nhin v tnh cht ca n. GV lin h nc ta do iu kin t ai v kh hu rt thun tin cho vic trng cy sao su, cy cng nghip c gi tr cao.

Tie t 23

CH2 C CH CH2 n CH3

n ~1.500 - 15.000 ~

Tnh cht v ng dng - Cao su thin nhin c tnh n hi, khng dn in v nhit, khng thm kh v nc, khng tan trong nc, etanol, axeton,nhng tan trong xng, benzen. - Cao su thin nhin tham gia c phn ng cng (H2, HCl, Cl2,) do trong phn t c cha lin kt i. Tc dng c vi lu hunh cho cao su lu ho c tnh n hi, chu nhit, lu mn, kh ho tan trong cc dung mi hn so vi cao su thng. - Bn cht ca qu trnh lu ho cao su (un nng

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu 1500C hon hp cao su v lu hunh vi t l khong 97:3 v khi lng) l to cu ni ?S?S? gia cc mch cao su to thnh mng li.
S S S S S S S
,t nS
0

HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit nh ngha cao su tng hp.

b) Cao su tng hp: L loi vt liu polime tng t cao su thin nhin, thng c iu ch t cc ankaien bng phn ng trng hp. Cao su buna

HS nghin cu SGK, sau vit PTHH ca phn nCH2 CH CH CH2 Na CH2 CH CH CH2 n t0, xt ng tng hp cao su buna v cho bit nhng c buta-1,3-ien polibuta-1,3-ien im ca loi cao su ny. Cao su buna c tnh n hi v bn km cao su thin nhin. Cao su buna-S v buna-N HS nghin cu SGK, sau vit PTHH ca phn t0 nCH2 CH CH CH2 +nCH CH2 xt CH2 CH CH CH2 CH CH2 ng tng hp cao su buna-S v buna-N v cho bit C6H5 C6H5 nhng c im ca loi cao su ny. buta-1,3-ien stiren cao su buna-S
nCH2 CH CH CH2 +nCH2 CH xt CN buta-1,3-ien acrilonitrin
t0,p

CH2 CH CH CH2 CH CH2 n CN cao su buna-N

HS nghin cu SGK, sau cho bit nh ngha keo dn v nu bn cht ca keo dn. HS nghin cu SGK v lin h thc t sau cho bit nh ngha nha v xm v cch dng n. GV yu cu HS nu nhng c im cu to ca keo dn epoxi, sau khi nghin cu SGK. GV yu cu HS nghin cu SGK, sau vit PTHH ca phn ng tng hp keo dn urefomaehit v nu c im ca loi keo dn ny.
nH2N-CO-NH2 +nCH2O
ure
H+ t0 ,

IV KEO DN TNG HP 1. Khi nim: Keo dn l vt liu c kh nng kt dnh hai mnh vt liu rn ging hoc khc nhau m khng lm bin i bn cht ca cc vt liu c kt dnh. 2. Mt s loi keo dn tng hp thng dng a) Nha v sm: L dung dch c ca cao su trong dung mi hu c. b) Keo dn epoxi: Lm t polime c cha nhm epoxi CH2 CH O c) Keo dn ure-fomanehit
t0, xt

fomanehit

2 nH2N-CO-NH-CH2OH nH2N-CO-NH2 + nCH=O monomemetylolure

HN CO NH CH2 n +nH2O

V. CNG C 1. Kt lun no sau y khng hon ton ng ? A. Cao su l nhng polime c tnh n hi. B. Vt liu compozit c thnh phn chnh l polime. C. Nilon-6,6 thuc loi t tng hp. D. T tm thuc loi t thin nhin. 2. T tm v nilon-6,6 u A. c cng phn t khi. B. thuc loi t tng hp. C. thuc loi t thin nhin. D. cha cc loi nguyn t ging nhau trong phn t. 3. Phn t khi trung bnh ca poli(hexametylen aipamit) l 30.000, ca sao su t nhin l 105.000. Hy tnh s mt xch (tr s n) gn ng trong CTPT moi loi polime trn. VI. DN D 1. Bi tp v nh: 1, 3, 5, 6 trang 72-73 (SGK). 2. Xem trc bi LUYN TP POLIME V VT LIU POLIME.

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

Ngy son:............/............

LUYEN TAP: POLIME VA VAT LIEU POLIME

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: - Cng c nhng hiu bit v cc phng php iu ch polime. - Cng c kin thc v cu to mch polime. 2. K nng: - So snh hai phn ng trng hp v trng ngng iu ch polime (nh ngha, sn phm, iu kin). - Gii cc bi tp v hp cht polime. 3. Thi : HS khng nh tm quan trng ca hp cht polime trong cuc sng, sn xut v bit p dng s hiu bit v cc hp cht polime trong thc t. II. CHUN B: H thng cu hi v l thuyt v chn cc bi tp tiu biu cho bi hc. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Vit cc PTHH ca phn ng tng hp PVC, PVA t etilen. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Bi 1: Pht biu no sau y khng ng ? A. Polime l hp cht c phn t khi ln do nhiu Hot ng 1 mt xch lin kt vi nhau to nn. B. Nhng phn t nh c lin kt i hoc vng km bn gi l monome. HS cn c vo cc kin thc a hc v polime C. H s n mt xch trong cng thc polime gi l v vt liu polime chn p n ph hp. h s trng hp. D. Polime tng hp c to thnh nh phn ng trng hp hoc phn ng trng ngng. Bi 2: Nhm vt liu no c ch to t polime thin nhin ? A. T visco, t tm, sao su buna, keo dn go. B. T visco, t tm, phim nh. C. Cao su isopren, t visco, nilon-6, keo dn go. D. Nha bakelit, t tm, t axetat. Bi 3: Cho bit cc monome c dng iu ch cc polime sau: a) ... CH2 CH CH2 CH ... Cl Cl b) ... CF CF CF CF ... 2 2 2 2
c)

Tie t 24

CH2 C CH CH2 n CH3

d)

NH [CH2]6 CO

GV: Mai Vn t
e)

Trng THPT L Th Hiu


CO COOCH2 CH2 O

Hot ng 2 HS phn tch c im cu to ca moi polime g ) NH [CH2]6 NH CO [CH2]4 CO n tm ra cng thc ca monome tng ng. Gii HS vit CTCT ca cc monome. GV quan st HS a) CH2=CH?Cl b) CF2=CF2 lm v hng dn. c) CH2=C(CH3)?CH=CH2 d) H2N-[CH2]6COOH
e) HOOC

COOH g) H2N-[CH2]6-NH2 CH2OH HOOC-[CH ]4COOH 2

HOCH2

Hot ng 3 GV ?: Em hy cho bit thnh phn nguyn t ca da tht v da gi khc nhau nh th no ? GV gii thiu cch phn bit.

Hot ng 4 HS vit PTHH ca cc phn ng. GV hng dn HS gii quyt bi ton.

Cu 4: Trnh by cch phn bit cc mu vt liu sau: a) PVC (lm gi da) v da tht. b) T tm v t axetat. Gii Trong c hai trng hp (a), (b), ly mt t mu t, nu c mi kht l da tht hoc t tm. Cu 5: a) Vit cc PTHH ca phn ng iu ch cc cht theo s sau: - Stiren ? polistiren - Axit ?-aminoenantoic (H2N-[CH2]6-COOH) ? polienantamit (nilon-7) b) iu ch 1 tn moi loi polime trn cn bao nhiu tn monome moi loi, bit rng hiu sut ca c 2 qu trnh iu ch l 90%. Gii a) PTHH
CH CH2
t , p, xt n
0

CH CH2 (1)
+nH2O

n H2N-[CH2]6-COOH

xt, t0

NH [CH2]6 CO

b) Khi lng monome moi loi Theo (1), mun iu ch 1 tn polistiren cn


1 .100 90 =1,11 (tn)

stiren (H = 90%)

Theo (2), 145 tn H2N-[CH2]-COOH iu ch 127 tn polime. mH2N[CH2]6COOH =


10 0 9 0 =1 7 (ta n ,2 ) 15 4 17 2 =1 4 (ta n ,1 )

V H=90%?mH2N[CH2]6COOH thc t =1,14.

V. CNG C: Trong tit luyn tp VI. DN D: Xem trc bi thc hnh MT S TNH CHT CA POLIME V VT LIU POLIME.

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

THC HANH: MOT SO TNH CHAT CUA POLIME VA VAT LIEU POLIME

Ngy son:............/............

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: - Cng c nhng tnh cht c trng ca protein v vt liu polime. - Tin hnh mt s th nghim. + S ng t ca protein khi un nng. +Phn ng mu ca protein (phn ng biure). + Tnh cht ca PE, PVC, si len, si xenluloz khi un nng (tnh cht ca mt vi vt liu polime khi un nng). + Phn ng ca PE, PVC, si len, si xenluloz vi kim (phn ng ca vt liu polime vi kim). 2. K nng: S dng dng c, ho cht tin hnh thnh cng mt s th nghim v tnh cht ca polime v vt liu polime thng gp. 3. Thi : Bit c tnh cht ca polime bo v cc vt liu polime trong cuc sng. II. CHUN B: 1. Dng c: ng nghim, ng nh git, n cn, kp go, gi ng nghim, kp st (hoc panh st). 2. Ho cht: Dung dch protein (lng trng trng) 10%, dung dch NaOH 30%, CuSO 4 2%, AgNO3 1%, HNO3 20%, mu nh PVC, PE, si len, si xenluloz (hoc si bng). Dng c, ho cht cho HS thc hin th nghim theo nhm hoc c nhn. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Khng. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1. Cng vic u bui thc hnh. GV: Nu mc tiu, yu cu, nhn mnh nhng lu trong bui thc hnh, nhn mnh yu cu an ton trong khi lm th nghim vi dd axit, dd xt. - n tp mt s kin thc c bn v protein v polime. - Hng dn mt s thao tc nh dng kp st (hoc panh st) kp cc mu PE, PVC, si t gn ngn la n cn, quan st hin tng. Sau mi t cc vt liu trn quan st. HS: Theo doi, lng nghe. Hot ng 2 Th nghim 1: S ng t ca protein khi un nng HS: Tin hnh th nghim nh hng dn ca SGK. GV: Quan st, hng dn HS thc hin th nghim, quan st s ng t ca protein khi un nng. Hot ng 3 Th nghim 2: Phn ng mu biure HS: Tin hnh th nghim nh hng dn ca SGK.

Tie t 24

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

GV: Hng dn HS gii thch. Cu(OH)2 to thnh theo phn ng: CuSO4 + 2NaOH ? Cu(OH)2? + Na2SO4 C phn ng gia Cu(OH)2 vi cc nhm peptit ? CO?NH? to sn phm mu tm. Hot ng 4 Th nghim 3: Tnh cht ca mt vi vt liu polime khi un nng HS: Tin hnh th nghim vi tng vt liu polime. - H nng gn ngn la n cn: PE, PVC, si xenluloz. - t cc vt liu trn ngn la. Quan st hin tng xy ra, gii thch. GV: Theo doi, hng dn HS quan st phn bit hin tng khi h nng cc vt liu gn ngn la n cn v khi t chy cc vt liu . T c nhn xt chnh xc v cc hin tng xy ra. Th nghim 4: Phn ng ca mt vi vt liu HS: Tin hnh th nghim nh hng dn ca polime vi kim. SGK. GV: Hng dn HS thc hin cc th nghim. Hot ng 6: Cng vic sau bui thc hnh. GV: Nhn xt, nh gi v tit thc hnh. HS: Thu dn dng c, ho cht, v sinh PTN. Vit tng trnh theo mu sau. V. CNG C: VI. DN D: 1. Vit bn tng trnh th nghim 3, 4 theo mu sau: Hin tng quan st c t th nghim vi vt liu Th nghim PE (1) PVC (2) Si len (3) Si xenluloz (4) H nng gn ngn la n cn t vt liu trn ngn la n cn Dung dch 1, 2 tc dng vi dd AgNO3 Dung dch 3, 4 tc dng vi dd CuSO4 2. Tit sau kim tra vit.

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

Ngy son:............/............ CHNG 5:


Tie t 27

I CNG V KIM LOI

V TR CUA KIM LOAI TRONG BANG TUAN HOAN VA CAU TAO CUA KIM LOAI

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - V tr ca kim loi trong bng tun hon. - Cu to ca nguyn t kim loi v cu to tinh th ca cc kim loi. - Lin kt kim loi. 2. K nng: Rn luyn k nng t v tr ca kim loi suy ra cu to v tnh cht, t tnh cht suy ra ng dng v phng php iu ch. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: - Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc. - Bng ph ve s cu to nguyn t (c ghi bn knh nguyn t) ca cc nguyn t thuc chu k 2. - Tranh ve 3 kiu mng tinh th v m hnh tinh th kim loi (mng tinh th lc phng, lp phng tm din, lp phng tm khi). III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc nguyn t 11Na, 20Ca, 13Al. Xc nh s electron lp ngoi cng v cho bit l nguyn t kim loi hay phi kim ? 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1 I V TR CA KIM LOI TRONG BNG TUN GV dng bng tun hon v yu cu HS xc HON - Nhm IA (tr H), nhm IIA (tr B) v mt phn ca nh v tr ca cc nguyn t kim loi trong cc nhm IVA, VA, VIA. bng tun hon. - Cc nhm B (t IB n VIIIB). GV gi HS t rt ra kt lun v v tr - H lantan v actini. ca cc nguyn t kim loi trong bng tun hon. II CU TO CA KIM LOI Hot ng 2 1. Cu to nguyn t - Nguyn t ca hu ht cc nguyn t kim loi u c t GV yu cu HS vit cu hnh electron ca electron lp ngoi cng (1, 2 hoc 3e). cc nguyn t kim loi: Na, Mg, Al v cc nguyn t phi kim P, S, Cl. So snh s electron Th d: Al: [Ne]3s23p1 lp ngoi cng ca cc nguyn t kim loi v Na: [Ne]3s1 Mg: [Ne]3s2 - Trong chu k, nguyn t ca nguyn t kim loi c bn phi kim trn. Nhn xt v rt ra kt lun. knh nguyn t ln hn v in tch ht nhn nh hn so GV dng bng ph ve s cu to nguyn t ca cc nguyn t thuc chu k 2 v yu cu vi cc nguyn t ca nguyn t phi kim. Th d: HS rt ra nhn xt v s bin thin ca in 11Na 12Mg 13Al 14Si 15P 16S 17Cl tch ht nhn v bn knh nguyn t. 0,157 0,136 0,125 0,117 0,110 0,104 0,099 2. Cu to tinh th

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu - nhit thng, tr Hg th lng, cn cc kim loi khc th rn v c cu to tinh th. - Trong tinh th kim loi, nguyn t v ion kim loi nm nhng nt ca mng tinh th. Cc electron ho tr lin kt yu vi ht nhn nn de tch khi nguyn t v chuyn ng t do trong mng tinh th. a) Mng tinh th lc phng - Cc nguyn t, ion kim loi nm trn cc nh v tm cc mt ca hnh lc gic ng v ba nguyn t, ion nm pha trong ca hnh lc gic. - Trong tinh th, th tch ca cc nguyn t v ion kim loi chim 74%, cn li 26% l khng gian trng. V d: Be, Mg, Zn. b) Mng tinh th lp phng tm din - Cc nguyn t, ion kim loi nm trn cc nh v tm cc mt ca hnh lp phng. - Trong tinh th, th tch ca cc nguyn t v ion kim loi chim 74%, cn li 26% l khng gian trng. V d: Cu, Ag, Au, Al, c) Mng tinh th lp phng tm khi - Cc nguyn t,ion kim loi nm trn cc nh v tm ca hnh lp phng. - Trong tinh th, th tch ca cc nguyn t v ion kim loi chim 68%, cn li 32% l khng gian trng. V d: Li, Na, K, V, Mo, 3. Lin kt kim loi Lin kt kim loi l lin kt c hnh thnh gia cc nguyn t v ion kim loi trong mng tinh th do c s tham gia ca cc electron t do.

Hot ng 3 GV thng bo v cu to ca n cht kim loi. GV dng m hnh thng bo 3 kiu mng tinh th ca kim loi. HS nhn xt v s khc nhau ca 3 kiu mng tinh th trn.

GV thng bo v lin kt kim loi v yu cu HS so snh lin kt kim loi vi lin kt cng ho tr v lin kt ion.

V. CNG C: 1. GV treo bng tun hon v yu cu HS xc nh v tr ca 22 nguyn t phi kim. T thy phn cn li ca bng tun hon l gm cc nguyn t kim loi. 2. Phn bit cu to ca nguyn t kim loi v cu to ca n cht kim loi thy trong n cht, kim loi c lin kt kim loi. VI. DN D 1. Bi tp v nh: 1 ? 9 trang 82 (SGK). 2. Xem trc bi phn TNH CHT CA KIM LOI

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

Ngy son:............/............

TNH CHAT CUA KIM LOAI DAY IEN HOA CUA KIM LOAI (Tiet 1)

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: - HS bit: Tnh cht vt l chung ca kim loi. - HS hiu: Nguyn nhn gy nn nhng tnh cht vt l chung ca kim loi. 2. K nng: Gii thch c nguyn nhn gy nn mt s tnh cht vt l chung ca kim loi. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Lin kt kim loi l g ? So snh lin kt kim loi vi lin kt cng ho tr v lin kt ion. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1 I TNH CHT VT L 1. Tnh cht chung: iu kin thng, cc kim GV yu cu HS nu nhng tnh cht vt l loi u trng thi rn (tr Hg), c tnh do, dn chung ca kim loi (a hc nm lp 9). in, dn nhit v c nh kim. 2. Gii thch a) Tnh do Hot ng 2 Kim loi c tnh do l v cc ion dng trong mng tinh th kim loi c th trt ln nhau de dng m HS nghin cu SGK v gii thch tnh do ca khng tch ri nhau nh nhng electron t do kim loi. chuyn ng dnh kt chng vi nhau. GV ?: Nhiu ng dng quan trng ca kim loi trong cuc sng l nh vo tnh do ca kim loi. Em hy k tn nhng ng dng .

b) Tnh dn in Hot ng 3 - Khi t mt hiu in th vo hai u dy kim loi, nhng electron chuyn ng t do trong kim loi HS nghin cu SGK v gii thch nguyn nhn se chuyn ng thnh dng c hng t cc m v tnh dn in ca kim loi. n cc dng, to thnh dng in. GV dn dt HS gii thch nguyn nhn v sao nhit cao th dn in ca kim loi cng gim. - nhit cng cao th tnh dn in ca kim loi cng gim do nhit cao, cc ion dng dao ng mnh cn tr dng electron chuyn ng. c) Tnh dn nhit Hot ng 4 - Cc electron trong vng nhit cao c ng nng ln, chuyn ng hon lon v nhanh chng HS nghin cu SGK v gii thch nguyn nhn sang vng c nhit thp hn, truyn nng lng v tnh dn nhit ca kim loi. cho cc ion dng vng ny nn nhit lan truyn c t vng ny n vng khc trong khi kim loi. - Thng cc kim loi dn in tt cung dn nhit

Tie t 28

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu tt. d) nh kim Cc electron t do trong tinh th kim loi phn x hu ht nhng tia sng nhn thy c, do kim loi c v sng lp lnh gi l nh kim. Kt lun: Tnh cht vt l chung ca kim loi gy nn bi s c mt ca cc electron t do trong mng tinh th kim loi. Khng nhng cc electron t do trong tinh th kim loi, m c im cu trc mng tinh th kim loi, bn knh nguyn t,cung nh hng n tnh cht vt l ca kim loi. Ngoi mt s tnh cht vt l chung ca cc kim loi, kim loi cn c mt s tnh cht vt l khng ging nhau. - Khi lng ring: Nh nht: Li (0,5g/cm3); ln nht Os (22,6g/cm3). - Nhit nng chy: Thp nht: Hg (?390C); cao nht W (34100C). - Tnh cng: Kim loi mm nht l K, Rb, Cs (dng dao ct c) v cng nht l Cr (c th ct c knh).

Hot ng 5 HS nghin cu SGK v gii thch nguyn nhn v tnh nh kim ca kim loi. GV gii thiu thm mt s tnh cht vt l khc ca kim loi.

V. CNG C 1. Nguyn nhn gy nn nhng tnh cht vt l chung ca kim loi ? Gii thch. 2. Em hy k tn cc vt dng trong gia nh c lm bng kim loi. Nhng ng dng ca cc vt da trn tnh cht vt l no ca kim loi ? VI. DN D 1. Bi tp v nh: 1, 8 trang 88 (SGK). 2. Xem trc phn TNH CHT HO HC CHUNG CA KIM LOI

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

Ngy son:............/............

TNH CHAT CUA KIM LOAI DAY IEN HOA CUA KIM LOAI (Tiet 2)

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: - HS bit tnh cht ho hc chung ca kim loi v dn ra c cc PTHH chng minh cho cc tnh cht ho hc chung . - HS hiu c nguyn nhn gy nn nhng tnh cht ho hc chung ca kim loi. 2. K nng: T v tr ca kim loi trong bng tun hon, suy ra cu to nguyn t v t cu to nguyn t suy ra tnh cht ca kim loi. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: Ho cht: Kim loi Na, inh st, dy st, dy ng, dy nhm, ht kem. Dung dch HCl, H2SO4 loang, dung dch HNO3 loang. Dng c: ng nghim, cc thu tinh, n cn, gi th nghim, III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Tnh cht vt l chung ca kim loi l g ? Nguyn nhn gy nn nhng tnh cht vt l chung . 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1 II. TNH CHT HO HC - Trong mt chu k: Bn knh nguyn t ca nguyn GV ?: Cc electron ho tr de tch ra khi t kim loi < bn knh nguyn t ca nguyn t phi nguyn t kim loi ? V sao ? GV ?: Vy cc electron ho tr de tch ra khi kim. - S electron ho tr t, lc lin kt vi ht nhn nguyn t kim loi. Vy tnh cht ho hc chung tng i yu nn chng de tch khi nguyn t. ca kim loi l g ? Tnh cht ho hc chung ca kim loi l tnh kh. M ? Mn+ + ne 1. Tc dng vi phi kim Hot ng 2 a) Tc dng vi clo 0 0 + -1 3 t0 GV ?: Fe tc dng vi Cl2 se thu c sn phm 2Fe + 3Cl2 2FeCl3 g ? b) Tc dng vi oxi GV biu dien th nghim chng minh sn 0 0 t0 +3 -2 phm to thnh sau phn ng trn l mui st (III). 2Al + 3O 2Al2O3 2 0 + -2 HS vit cc PTHH: Al chy trong kh O2; Hg tc 0 0 8/3 t 3Fe + 2O Fe3O4 2 dng vi S; Fe chy trong kh O2; Fe + S. HS so snh s oxi ho ca st trong FeCl3, Fe3O4, c) Tc dng vi lu hunh FeS v rt ra kt lun v s nhng electron ca st. Vi Hg xy ra nhit thng, cc kim loi cn un nng.
Fe + S
0 0 0 0 t0 + -2 2

GV yu cu HS vit PTHH ca kim loi Fe vi dung dch HCl, nhn xt v s oxi ho ca Fe trong mui thu c. GV thng bo Cu cung nh cc kim loi khc

Tie t 29

Hg + S HgS 2. Tc dng vi dung dch axit a) Dung dch HCl, H2SO4 loang
Fe + 2HCl
0 + 1

+ -2 2

FeS

FeCl2 + H 2

+ 2

b) Dung dch HNO3, H2SO4 c: Phn ng vi hu

GV: Mai Vn t c th kh N+5 v S+6 trong HNO3 v H2SO4 loang v cc mc oxi ho thp hn. HS vit cc PTHH ca phn ng.
0 + 5

Trng THPT L Th Hiu ht cc kim loi (tr Au, Pt)


3Cu + 8HNO(loang) 3Cu(NO3)2 +2NO +4H2O 3 Cu + 2H 4 (ac) CuSO4 +SO2 +2H2O 2SO 3. Tc dng vi nc - Cc kim loi c tnh kh mnh: kim loi nhm IA v IIA (tr Be, Mg) kh H2O de dng nhit thng. - Cc kim loi c tnh kh trung bnh ch kh nc nhit cao (Fe, Zn,). Cc kim loi cn li khng kh c H2O.
2Na + 2H2O
0 + 1

+ 2

+ 2

+ 6

+ 2

+ 4

GV thng bo v kh nng phn ng vi nc ca cc kim loi nhit thng v yu cu HS vit PTHH ca phn ng gia Na v Ca vi nc. GV thng bo mt s kim loi tc dng vi hi nc nhit cao nh Mg, Fe,

2NaOH + 2 H

+ 1

GV yu cu HS vit PTHH khi cho Fe tc dng 4. Tc dng vi dung dch mui: Kim loi mnh hn c th kh c ion ca kim loi yu hn trong vi dd CuSO4 dng phn t v ion thu gn. Xc dung dch mui thnh kim loi t do. nh vai tr ca cc cht trong phn ng trn. 0 + 2 + 2 0 HS nu iu kin ca phn ng (kim loi mnh Fe + CuSO FeSO + Cu 4 4 khng tc dng vi nc v mui tan). V. CNG C: 1. Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca kim loi l g v v sao kim loi c nhng tnh cht ? 2. Thu ngn de bay hi v rt c. Nu chng may nhit k thu ngn b v th dng cht no trong cc cht sau kh c thu ngn ? A. Bt st B. Bt lu hunh C. Bt than D. Nc 3. Dung dch FeSO4 c lan tp cht l CuSO4. Hy gii thiu phng php ho hc n gin c th loi c tp cht. Gii thch vic lm v vit PTHH dng phn t v ion rt gn. VI. DN D 1. Bi tp v nh: 2, 3, 4, 5 trang 88-89 (SGK). 2. Xem trc bi DAY IN HO CA KIM LOI

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

Ngy son:............/............

TNH CHAT CUA KIM LOAI DAY IEN HOA CUA KIM LOAI (Tiet 3)

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: HS bit day in ho ca kim loi v ngha ca n. 2. K nng: D on c chiu ca phn ng oxi ho kh da vo quy tc ?. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Hon thnh cc PTHH dng phn t v ion rt gn ca phn ng sau: Cu + dd AgNO3; Fe + CuSO4. Cho bit vai tr ca cc cht trong phn ng. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC III AY IN HO CA KIM LOI Hot ng 1 1. Cp oxi ho kh ca kim loi Ag+ + 1e Ag GV thng bo v cp oxi ho kh ca kim loi: 2+ Dng oxi ho v dng kh ca cng mt nguyn t Cu + 2e Cu kim loi to thnh cp oxi ho kh ca kim loi. Fe2++ 2e Fe GV ?: Cch vit cc cp oxi ho kh ca kim [O] [K] loi c im g ging nhau ? Dng oxi ho v dng kh ca cng mt nguyn t kim loi to nn cp oxi ho kh ca kim loi. Th d: Cp oxi ho kh Ag+/Ag; Cu2+/Cu; Fe2+/Fe Hot ng 2 2. So snh tnh cht ca cc cp oxi ho kh GV lu HS trc khi so snh tnh cht ca hai Th d: So snh tnh cht ca hai cp oxi ho kh Cu2+/Cu v Ag+/Ag. cp oxi ho kh Cu2+/Cu v Ag+/Ag l phn ng Cu + 2Ag+ ? Cu2+ + 2Ag Cu + 2Ag+ ? Cu2+ + 2Ag ch xy ra theo 1 chiu. Kt lun: Tnh kh: Cu > Ag GV dn dt HS so snh c c kt qu nh Tnh oxi ho: Ag+ > Cu2+ bn. Hot ng 3: GV gii thiu day in ho ca kim 3. Day in ho ca kim loi loi v lu HS y l day cha nhng cp oxi ho kh thng dng, ngoi nhng cp oxi ho kh ny ra van cn c nhng cp khc.
K + Na+ Mg2+ Al 3+ Zn2+ Fe2+ Ni2+ Sn2+ Pb2+ H+ Cu2+ Ag+ Au3+
Tnh oxi hoa a ion kim loa tag cu i n

4. ngha day in ho ca kim loi D on chiu ca phn ng oxi ho kh theo quy Hot ng 4: tc ?: Phn ng gia hai cp oxi ho kh se xy GV gii thiu ngha day in ho ca kim loi ra theo chiu cht oxi ho mnh hn se oxi ho cht kh mnh hn, sinh ra cht oxi ho yu hn v v quy tc ?. HS vn dng quy tc ? xt chiu ca phn ng cht kh yu hn. Th d: Phn ng gia hai cp Fe2+/Fe v Cu2+/Cu oxi ho kh. xy ra theo chiu ion Cu2+ oxi ho Fe to ra ion Fe2+ v Cu.

Tie t 30

Na

Mg

Al

Zn

Fe

Ni

Sn

Pb

H2 Cu

Ag

Au

Tnh kh a kim loa gia cu i m

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu


Fe2+ Cu2+

Fe Cu 2+ 2+ Fe + Cu ? Fe + Cu Tng qut: Gi s c 2 cp oxi ho kh Xx+/X v Yy+/Y (cp Xx+/X ng trc cp Yy+/Y).

Xx+ X

Yy+ Y

Phng trnh phn ng: Yy+ + X ? Xx+ + Y V. CNG C 1. Da vo day in ho ca kim loi hy cho bit: - Kim loi no de b oxi ho nht ? - Kim loi no c tnh kh yu nht ? - Ion kim loi no c tnh oxi ho mnh nht. - Ion kim loi no kh b kh nht. 2. a) Hy cho bit v tr ca cp Mn2+/Mn trong day in ho. Bit rng ion H+ oxi ho c Mn. Vit phng trnh ion rt gn ca phn ng. b) C th d on c iu g xy ra khi nhng l Mn vo cc dung dch mui: AgNO3, MnSO4, CuSO4. Nu c, hy vit phng trnh ion rt gn ca phn ng. 3. So snh tnh cht ca cc cp oxi ho kh sau: Cu2+/Cu v Ag+/Ag; Sn2+/Sn v Fe2+/Fe. 4. Kim loi ng c tan c trong dung dch FeCl3 hay khng, bit trong day in ho cp Cu2+/Cu ng trc cp Fe3+/Fe. Nu c, vit PTHH dng phn t v ion rt gn ca phn ng. 5. Hy sp xp theo chiu gim tnh kh v chiu tng tnh oxi ho ca cc nguyn t v ion trong hai trng hp sau y: a) Fe, Fe2+, Fe3+, Zn, Zn2+, Ni, Ni2+, H, H+, Hg, Hg2+, Ag, Ag+ b) Cl, Cl?, Br, Br?, F, F?, I, I?. VI. DN D 1. Bi tp v nh: 6,7 trang 89 (SGK). 2. Xem trc bi LUYN TP: TNH CHT CA KIM LOI

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu Ngy son:............/............

LUYEN TAP: TNH CHAT CUA KIM LOAI

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: H thng ho v kin thc ca kim loi qua mt s bi tp l thuyt v tnh ton. 2. K nng: Gii c cc bi tp lin quan n tnh cht ca kim loi. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Trong tit luyn tp. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1 Bi 1: Day cc kim loi u phn ng vi H2O HS vn dng tnh cht ho hc chung ca kim nhit thng l: A. Fe, Zn, Li, Sn B. Cu, Pb, Rb, Ag loi gii quyt bi tp. C. K, Na, Ca, Ba D. Al, Hg, Cs, Sr Bi 2: Ngm mt inh st trong 100 ml dung dch Vn dng phng php tng gim khi lng CuCl2 1M, gi s Cu to ra bm ht vo inh st. Sau (nhanh nht). khi phn ng xong, ly inh st ra, sy kh, khi Fe + CuCl2 ? FeCl2 + Cu lng inh st tng thm 56g ?1mol? 64g tng 8g A. 15,5g B. 0,8g C. 2,7g 0,1 mol tng 0,8g. D. 2,4g Bi ny ch cn cn bng s tng quan gia Bi 3: Cho 4,8g kim loi R ho tr II tan hon ton trong dung dch HNO3 loang thu c 1,12 lt NO kim loi R v NO duy nht (kc). Kim loi R l: 3R ? 2NO 0,075 ?0,05 A. Zn B. Mg C. Fe D. Cu R = 4,8/0,075 = 64 Tng t bi 3, cn bng s tng quan gia Bi 4: Cho 3,2g Cu tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c, d th th tch kh NO2 thu c (kc) l Cu v NO2 Cu ? 2NO2 A. 1,12 lt B. 2,24 lt C. 3,36 lt D. 4,48 lt Fe v FeS tc dng vi HCl u cho cng mt Bi 5: Nung nng 16,8g Fe vi 6,4g bt S (khng c s mol kh nn th tch kh thu c xem nh ch khng kh) thu c sn phm X. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch HCl d th c V lt kh thot ra (kc). Cc do mt mnh lng Fe ban u phn ng. phn ng xy ra hon ton. Gi tr V l Fe ? H2 A. 2,24 lt B. 4,48 lt C. 6,72 lt D. 3,36 nH2 = nFe = 16,8/56 = 0,3 V = 6,72 lt lt Bi 6: kh hon ton hon hp gm FeO v ZnO nhh oxit = nH2 = nhh kim loi = 0,1 (mol) Khi hon hp kim loi tc dng vi dung dch HCl thnh kim loi cn 2,24 lt H2 (kc). Nu em ht hon hp thu c cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl th th: th tch kh H2 thu c (kc) l nH2 = nhh kim loi = 0,1 (mol) V = 2,24 lt A. 4,48 lt B. 1,12 lt C. 3,36 lt D. 2,24 lt Bi 7: Cho 6,72 lt H2 (kc) i qua ng s ng 32g CuO un nng thu c cht rn A. Th tch dung Tnh s mol CuO to thnh nHCl = nCuO dch HCl tc dng ht vi A l kt qu A. 0,2 lt B. 0,1 lt C. 0,3 lt D. 0,01 lt Hot ng 2 Bi 8: Cho mt l st nh vo dung dch cha mt trong nhng mui sau: CuSO4, AlCl3, Pb(NO3)2,

Tie t 31

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

ZnCl2, KNO3, AgNO3. Vit PTHH dng phn t v ion rt gn ca cc phn ng xy ra (nu c). Cho bit HS vn dng quy lut phn ng gia kim loi vai tr ca cc cht tham gia phn ng. Gii v dung dch mui bit trng hp no xy ra phn ng v vit PTHH ca phn ng. Fe + CuSO4 ? FeSO4 + Cu Fe + Cu2+ ? Fe2+ + Cu? GV lu n phn ng ca Fe vi dung dch AgNO3, trong trng hp AgNO3 th tip tc xy Fe + Pb(NO3)2 ? Fe(NO3)2 + Pb? ra phn ng gia dung dch mui Fe2+ v dung Fe + Pb2+ ? Fe2+ + Pb? + dch mui Ag . Fe + 2AgNO3 ? Fe(NO3)2 + 2Ag? Fe + 2Ag+ ? Fe2+ + 2Ag? Nu AgNO3 d th: Fe(NO3)2 + AgNO3 ? Fe(NO3)3 + Ag? 2+ + Fe + Ag ? Fe3+ + Ag? Bi 9: Ho tan hon ton 1,5g hon hp bt Al v Mg vo dung dch HCl thu c 1,68 lt H2 (kc). Tnh % khi lng moi kim loi trong hon hp. Gii Cch lm nhanh nht l vn dng phng php Gi a v b ln lt l s mol ca Al v Mg. bo ton electron.

2 7+a2 4=b1 , 5 a= 1 / 3 0 1 ,6 8 + = 2 3 a 2 b 2 2 ,. 4= 0 , 1 5 b = 0 , 0 2 5
%Al =
27/30 1 ,5 .10 =60% 0

%Mg = 40%

V. CNG C 1. t chy ht 1,08g mt kim loi ho tr III trong kh Cl2 thu c 5,34g mui clorua ca kim loi . Xc nh kim loi. 2. Khi lng thanh Zn thay i nh th no sau khi ngm mt thi gian trong cc dung dch: a) CuCl2 b) Pb(NO3)2 c) AgNO3 d) NiSO4 3. Cho 8,85g hon hp Mg, Cu v Zn vo lng d dung dch HCl thu c 3,36 lt H2 (kc). Phn cht rn khng tan trong axit c ra sch ri t trong kh O2 thu c 4g cht bt mu en. Tnh % khi lng moi kim loi trong hon hp. VI. DN DXem trc bi LUYN TP: TNH CHT CA KIM LOI

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Tie t 32

HP KIM

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - Khi nim v hp kim. - Tnh cht v ng dng ca hp kim trong cc ngnh kinh t quc dn. HS hiu: V sao hp kim c tnh cht c hc u vit hn cc kim loi v thnh phn ca hp kim. 2. K nng: 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: GV su tm mt s hp kim nh gang, thp, uyra cho HS quan st. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Khng kim tra. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC I KHI NIM: Hp kim l vt liu kim loi c Hot ng 1 cha mt s kim loi c bn v mt s kim loi hoc phi kim khc. HS nghin cu SGK bit khi nim v hp Th d: kim. - Thp l hp kim ca Fe vi C v mt s nguyn t khac. - uyra l hp kim ca nhm vi ng, mangan, magie, silic. II TNH CHT Tnh cht ca hp kim ph thuc vo thnh phn cc n cht tham gia cu to mng tinh th hp kim. Tnh cht ho hc: Tng t tnh cht ca cc Hot ng 2 n cht tham gia vo hp kim. Hs tr li cc cu hi sau: Th d: Hp kim Cu-Zn - V sao hp kim dn in v nhit km cc kim - Tc dng vi dung dch NaOH: Ch c Zn phn loi thnh phn ? ng - V sao cc hp kim cng hn cc kim loi thnh Zn + 2NaOH ? Na2ZnO2 + H2? phn ? - Tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 c, nng: C 2 - V sao hp kim c nhit nng chy thp hn u phn ng cc kim loi thnh phn ? Cu + 2H2SO4 ? CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O Zn + 2H2SO4 ? ZnSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O Tnh cht vt l, tnh cht c hc: Khc nhiu so vi tnh cht ca cc n cht. Th d: - Hp kim khng b n mn: Fe-Cr-Ni (thp inoc), - Hp kim siu cng: W-Co, Co-Cr-W-Fe, - Hp kim c nhit nng chy thp: Sn-Pb (thic hn, tnc = 2100C, - Hp kim nh, cng v bn: Al-Si, Al-Cu-Mn-Mg. III NG DNG - Nhng hp kim nh,bn chu c nhit cao v p sut cao dng ch to tn la, tu vu tr, my bay, t, Hot ng 3 - Nhng hp kim c tnh bn ho hc v c hc

GV: Mai Vn t HS nghin cu SGK v tm nhng th d thc t v ng dng ca hp kim. GV b sung thm mt s ng dng khc ca cc hp kim.

Trng THPT L Th Hiu cao dng ch to cc thit b trong ngnh du m v cng nghip ho cht. - Nhng hp kim khng g dng ch to cc dng c y t, dng c lm bp, - Hp kim ca vng vi Ag, Cu (vng ty) p v cng dng ch to trang sc v trc y mt s nc cn dng c tin.

V. THNG TIN B SUNG 1. V thnh phn ca mt s hp kim - Thp khng g (gm Fe, C, Cr, Ni). - uyra l hp kim ca nhm (gm 8% - 12%Cu), cng hn vng, dng c tin, lm trang sc, ngi bt my, - Hp kim Pb-Sn (gm 80%Pb v 20%Sn) cng hn Pb nhiu, dng c ch in. - Hp kim ca Hg gi l hon hng. - ng thau (gm Cu v Zn). - ng thic (gm Cu, Zn v Sn). - ng bch (gm Cu; 20-30%Ni v lng nh st v mangan) 2. V ng dng ca hp kim - C nhng hp kim tr vi axit, baz v cc ho cht khc dng ch to cc my mc, thit b dng trong nh my sn xut ho cht. - C hp kim chu nhit cao, chu ma st mnh dng lm ng x trong ng c phn lc. - C hp kim c nhit nng chy rt thp dng ch to dn ng cha chy t ng. Trong cc kho hng ho, khi c chy, nhit tng lm hp kim nng chy v nc phun qua nhng lo c hn bng hp kim ny. VI. DN D 1. Bi tp v nh: 1 ? 4 trang 91 (SGK). 2. Xem trc bi S N MN KIM LOI

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Tie t 33

S AN MON KIM LOAI (Tiet 1)

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - Khi nim v n mn kim loi v cc dng n mn chnh. - Cch bo v cc dng bng kim loi v my mc khi b n mn. HS hiu: Bn cht ca qu trnh n mn kim loi l qu trnh oxi ho kh trong kim loi b oxi ho thnh ion dng. 2. K nng: Vn dng nhng hiu bit v pin in ho gii thch hin tng n mn in ho hc. 3. Thi : C thc bo v kim loi, chng n mn kim loi do hiu ro nguyn nhn v tc hi ca hin tng n mn kim loi. II. CHUN B: Bng ph ve hnh biu dien th nghim n mn in ho v c ch ca s n mn in ho i vi st. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Tnh cht vt l chung ca kim loi bin i nh th no khi chuyn thnh hp kim ? 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1 I KHI NIM: S n mn kim loi l s ph hu GV nu cu hi: V sao kim loi hay hp kim de kim loi hoc hp kim do tc dng ca cc cht trong mi trng xung quanh. b n mn ? Bn cht ca n mn kim loi l g ? H qu: Kim loi b oxi ho thnh ion dng GV gi HS t nu ra khi nim s n mn M ? Mn+ + ne kim loi v bn cht ca s n mn kim loi. II CC DNG N MN 1. n mn ho hc: Hot ng 2 Th d: - Thanh st trong nh my sn xut kh Cl2 GV nu khi nim v s n mn ho hc v ly 0 0 + -1 3 th d minh ho. 2Fe + 3Cl 2FeCl
2 3

- Cc thit b ca l t, cc chi tit ca ng c t trong


3Fe + 2O 2 3Fe + 2H 2O
0 + 1 0 0

t0

Fe3O4
0

+ 8/3 -2

t0

Fe3O4 +H2

+ 8/3

n mn ho hc l qu trnh oxi ho kh, trong cc electron ca kim loi c chuyn trc tip n cc cht trong mi trng. Hot ng 3 2. n mn in ho GV treo bng ph hnh biu dien th nghim n a) Khi nim mn in ho v yu cu HS nghin cu th nghim Th nghim: (SGK) v s n mn in ho. Hin tng: GV yu cu HS nu cc hin tng v gii thch - Kim in k quay chng t c dng in chy cc hin tng . qua. - Thanh Zn b mn dn. - Bt kh H2 thot ra c thanh Cu. Gii thch: - in cc m (anot); Zn b n mn theo phn ng: Zn ? Zn2+ + 2e 2+ Ion Zn i vo dung dch, cc electron theo dy dn sang in cc Cu. - in cc dng (catot): ion H+ ca dung dch H2SO4 nhn electron bin thnh nguyn t H ri thnh phn t H2 thot ra.

GV: Mai Vn t
e
>

Trng THPT L Th Hiu 2H+ + 2e ? H2 n mn in ho l qu trnh oxi ho kh, trong kim loi b n mn do tc dng ca dung dch cht in li v to nn dng electron chuyn di t cc m n cc dng.

-- -------o o -o o
o o o o o o o oZn2+ o o o + o H o o o o o o o o

Hot ng 4 b) n mn in ho hc hp kim st trong khng GV treo bng ph v s n mn in ho hc ca kh m Th d: S n mn gang trong khng kh m. hp kim st. - Trong khng kh m, trn b mt ca gang lun c mt lp nc rt mng a ho tan O2 v kh CO2, L dd chaie li 2+ p t n to thnh dung dch cht in li. Fe O2 + 2H2O + 4e 4OH- Gang c thnh phn chnh l Fe v C cng tip xc vi dung dch to nn v s cc pin nh m Fe C st l anot v cacbon l catot. Vala bag g t m n ang Ti anot: Fe ? Fe2+ + 2e Cc electron c gii phng chuyn dch n catot. e Ti catot: O2 + 2H2O + 4e ? 4OHIon Fe2+ tan vo dung dch cht in li c ho tan kh GV dn dt HS xt c ch ca qu trnh g st O2, Ti y, ion Fe2+ tip tc b oxi ho, di tc trong khng kh m. dng ca ion OHto ra g st c thnh phn ch yu l Fe2O3.nH2O. V. CNG C 1. n mn kim loi l g ? C my dng n mn kim loi ? Dng no xy ra ph bin hn ? 2. Cach chong cac qu trnh n mn in ho ? VI. DN D 1. Bi tp v nh: 1,2 trang 95 (SGK). 2. Xem trc phn II.C : S N MN KIM LOI

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Tie t 34

S AN MON KIM LOAI (Tiet 2)

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - Khi nim v n mn kim loi v cc dng n mn chnh. - Cch bo v cc dng bng kim loi v my mc khi b n mn. HS hiu: Bn cht ca qu trnh n mn kim loi l qu trnh oxi ho kh trong kim loi b oxi ho thnh ion dng. 2. K nng: Vn dng nhng hiu bit v pin in ho gii thch hin tng n mn in ho hc. 3. Thi : C thc bo v kim loi, chng n mn kim loi do hiu ro nguyn nhn v tc hi ca hin tng n mn kim loi. II. CHUN B: Bng ph ve hnh biu dien th nghim n mn in ho v c ch ca s n mn in ho i vi st. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: n mn kim loi l g ? C my dng n mn kim loi ? Dng no xy ra ph bin hn ? 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1 c) iu kin xy ra s m mn in ho hc GV ?: T th nghim v qu trnh n mn in Cc in cc phi khc nhau v bn cht. ho hc, em hy cho bit cc iu kin qu trnh Cp KL KL; KL PK; KL Hp cht ho hc n mn in ho xy ra ? Cc in cc phi tip xc trc tip hoc gin GV lu HS l qu trnh n mn in ho ch tip qu dy dn. xy ra khi thoa man ng thi c 3 iu kin trn, Cc in cc cng tip xc vi mt dung dch nu thiu 1 trong 3 iu kin trn th qu trnh n cht in li. mn in ho se khng xy ra. Hot ng 2 III CHNG N MN KIM LOI 1. Phng php bo v b mt GV gii thiu nguyn tc ca phng php bo Dng nhng cht bn vng vi mi trng v b mt. HS ly th d v cc dng lm bng kim loi ph mt ngoi nhng vt bng kim loi nh bi du m, sn, m, trng men, c bo v bng phng php b mt. Th d: St ty l st c trng thic, tn l st c trng kem. Cc vt lm bng st c m niken hay crom. Hot ng 2 2. Phng php in ho GV gii thiu nguyn tc ca phng php in Ni kim loi cn bo v vi mt kim loi hot ng hn to thnh pin in ho v kim loi hot ng ho. GV ?: Tnh khoa hc ca phng php in ho hn se b n mn, kim loi kia c bo v. Th d: Bo v v tu bin lm bng thp bng cch l g? gn vo mt ngoi ca v tu (phn chm di nc) nhng khi Zn, kt qu l Zn b nc bin n mn thay cho thp. V. CNG C 1. Trong hai trng hp sau y, trng hp no v tu c bo v ? Gii thch. - V tu thp c ni vi thanh kem. - V tu thp c ni vi thanh ng. 2. Cho l st vo a) dung dch H2SO4 loang. b) dung dch H2SO4 loang c thm vi git dung dch CuSO4. Nu hin tng xy ra, gii thch v vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra trong moi trng hp.

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

3. Mt dy phi qun o mt mt on dy ng ni vi mt on dy thp. Hin tng no sau y xy ra ch ni 2 on dy khi lu ngy ? A. St b n mn. B. ng b n mn C. St v ng u b n mn. D. St v ng u khng b n mn. 4. S n mn kim loi khng phi l A. s kh kim loi B. s oxi ho kim loi. C. s ph hu kim loi hoc hp kim do tc dng ca cc cht trong mi trng. D. s bin n cht kim loi thnh hp cht. 5. inh st b n mn nhanh nht trong trng hp no sau y ? A. Ngm trong dung dch HCl. B. Ngm trong dung dch HgSO4. C. Ngm trong dung dch H2SO4 loang. D. Ngm trong dung dch H2SO4 loang c thm vi git dung dch CuSO4. 6. St ty l st trng thic. Nu lp thic b xc su ti lp st th kim loi b n mn trc l A. thic B. st C. c hai u b n mn nh nhau. D. khng kim loi b n mn. VI. DN D 1. Bi tp v nh: 3?6 trang 95 (SGK). 2. Xem li tt c cc kin thc v phn ho hu c a hc v h thng li vo bng sau, tit sau n tp HK I (1 tit) ESTE LIPIT Este Khi nim Tnh cht ho hc Glucoz CTPT CTCT thu gn Tnh cht ho hc AMIN AMINO AXIT PROTEIN Amin Amino axit Khi nim CTPT Tnh cht ho hc POLIME V VT LIU POLIME Polime Khi nim Tnh cht ho hc iu ch Vt liu polime Peptit v protein CACBOHIRAT Saccaroz Tinh bt Xenluloz Lipit

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Tie t 35

ON TAP HOC K I

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: n tp, cng c, h thng ho kin thc cc chng ho hc hu c (Este lipit; Cacbohirat; Amin, amino axit v protein; Polime v vt liu polime). HS bit: 2. K nng: - Pht trin k nng da vo cu to ca cht suy ra tnh cht v ng dng ca cht. - Rn luyn k nng gii bi tp trc nghim v bi tp t lun thuc cc chng ho hc hu c lp 12. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: - Yu cu HS lp bng tng kt kin thc ca cc chng ho hc hu c trc khi ln lp n tp phn ho hc hu c. - GV lp bng tng kt kin thc ca cc chng vo giy kh ln hoc bng ph. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Khng kim tra. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1: GV dng phng php m thoi cng c, h thng ho kin thc chng ESTE LIPIT theo bng sau: Este Lipit Khi thay th nhm OH nhm cacboxyl - Lipit l nhng hp cht hu c c ca axit cacboxylic bng nhm OR th trong t bo sng, khng ho tan trong c este. nc, tan nhiu trong dung mi hu c Cng thc chung: RCOOR khng phn cc. Lipit l cc este phc Khi nim tp. - Cht bo l trieste ca glixerol vi axit bo (axit bo l axit n chc c mch cacbon di, khng phn nhnh). Phn ng thu phn, xt axit. Phn ng thu phn Tnh cht ho Phn ng gc hirocacbon khng no: Phn ng x phng ho. hc - Phn ng cng. Phn ng cng H2 ca cht bo lng. - Phn ng trng hp. Hot ng 2: GV dng phng php m thoi cng c, h thng ho kin thc chng CACBOHIRAT theo bng sau: Glucoz Saccaroz Tinh bt Xenluloz CTPT C6H12O6 C12H22O11 (C6H10O5)n (C6H10O5)n CH2OH[CHOH]4C C6H11O5-O[C6H7O2(OH)3]n HO C6H11O5 CTCT thu gn Glucoz l (saccaroz l (monoanehit v poliancol, khng poliancol) c nhm CHO) - C phn ng ca - C phn ng - C phn ng - C phn ng ca chc anehit (phn thu phn nh xt thu phn nh xt chc poliancol. + + ng trng bc) H hay enzim H hay enzim. - C phn ng vi - C phn ng ca - C phn ng ca - C phn ng vi axit HNO3 c to chc poliancol chc poliancol iot to hp cht ra Tnh cht ho hc (phn ng vi mu xanh tm. xenluloztrinitrat Cu(OH)2 cho hp - C phn ng cht tan mu xanh thu phn nh xt lam. H+ hay enzim Hot ng 3: GV dng phng php m thoi cng c, h thng ho kin thc chng AMIN AMINO AXIT - PROTEIN theo bng sau:

GV: Mai Vn t Amin Amin l hp cht hu c c th coi nh c to nn khi thay th mt hay nhiu nguyn t H trong phn t NH3 bng gc hirocacbon. CH3NH2; CH3?NH?CH3 (CH3)3N, C6H5NH2 (anilin)

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

Amino axit Peptit v protein Amino axit l hp cht Peptit l hp cht cha hu c tp chc, phn t t 2 50 gc ?-amino axit Khi nim cha ng thi nhm lin kt vi nhau bng cc amino (NH2) v nhm lin cacboxyl (COOH) ket peptitC N H2N?CH2?COOH O H (Glyxin) Protein l loi polipeptit CTPT CH3?CH(NH2)?COOH cao phn t c PTK t vi (alanin) chc nghn n vi triu. Tnh baz Tnh cht lng tnh Phn ng thu phn. CH3NH2 + H2O H2N-R-COOH + HCl ? Phn ng mu biure [CH3NH3]+ + OH? ClH3N-R-COOH Tnh cht ho RNH2 + HCl ? RNH3Cl H2N-R-COOH + NaOH ? hc H2N-R-COONa + H2O Phn ng ho este. Phn ng trng ngng Hot ng 3: GV dng phng php m thoi cng c, h thng ho kin thc chng AMIN POLIME V VT LIU POLIME theo bng sau: Polime Vt liu polime Polime hay hp cht cao phn t l A. Cht do l nhng vt liu polime c nhng hp cht c PTK ln do nhiu tnh do. Khi nim n chc v c s gi l mt xch lin kt Mt s polime dng lm cht do: vi nhau to nn. 1. PE 2. PVC Tnh cht ho C phn ng phn ct mch, gi nguyn 3. Poli(metyl metacrylat) 4. Poli(phenol-fomanehit) hc mch v pht trin mch. B. T l nhng polime hnh si di v - Phn ng trng hp: Trng hp l qu mnh vi bn nht nh. trnh kt hp nhiu phn t nh (monome) ging nhau hay tng t nhau 1. T nilon-6,6 2. T nitron (olon) thnh phn t ln (polime). C. Cao su l loi vt liu polime c tnh - Phn ng trng ngng: Trng ngng l n hi. qu trnh kt hp nhiu phn t nh 1. Cao su thin nhin. iu ch (monome) thnh phn t ln (polime) ng thi gii phng nhng phn t nh 2. Cao su tng hp. D. Keo dn l loi vt liu c khi nim khc (nh nc). kt dnh hai mnh vt liu rn khc nhau. 1. Nha v sm 2. Keo dn epxi 3. Keo dn ure-fomanehit. V. CNG C: Trong tit n tp. VI. DN D: TIT SAU THI HC K.

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Tie t 37

LUYEN TAP: S AN MON KIM LOAI

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: Cng c kin thc v bn cht ca s n mn kim loi, cc kiu n mn kim loi v chng n mn. 2. K nng: K nng tnh ton lng kim loi iu ch theo cc phng php hoc cc i lng c lin quan. 3. Thi : Nhn thc c tc hi nghim trng ca s n mn kim loi, nht l nc ta vo vng nhit i gi ma, nng nhiu v m cao. T , c thc v hnh ng c th bo v kim loi, tuyn truyn v vn ng mi ngi cng thc hin nhim v ny. II. CHUN B: Cc bi tp. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Khng kim tra. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1 Bi 1: S n mn kim loi khng phi l HS vn dng kin thc v l thuyt n mn kim A. s kh kim loi. loi chn p n ng. B. s oxi ho kim loi C. s ph hu kim loi hoc hp kim do tc dng ca cc cht trong mi trng. D. s bin n cht kim loi thnh hp cht. Bi 2: inh st b n mn nhanh nht trong trng hp Hot ng 2 no sau y ? HS xc nh trong moi trng hp, trng A. Ngm trong dung dch HCl. hp no l n mn ho hc, trng hp no l B. Ngm trong dung dch HgSO4. C. Ngm trong dung dch H2SO4 loang. n mn in ho. D. Ngm trong dung dch H2SO4 loang c nh thm vi GV yu cu HS cho bit c ch ca qu git dung dch CuSO4. trnh n mn in ho p n D. Hot ng 3 Bi 3: St ty l st trng thic. Nu lp thic b xc HS so snh hot ng ho hc ca 2 kim su ti lp st th kim loi b n mn trc l: loi bit c kh nng n mn ca 2 kim A. thic B. st loi Fe v Sn. C. c hai b n mn nh nhau D. khng kim loi b n mn Bi 4: Sau mt ngy lao ng, ngi ta phi lm v sinh Hot ng 3: HS vn dng kin thc v n b mt kim loi ca cc thit b my mc, dng c lao mn kim loi v lin h n kin thc ca cuc ng. Vic lm ny c mc ch chnh l g ? sng ch p n ng nht. A. kim loi sng bng p mt. B. khng gy nhiem mi trng. C. khng lm bn qun o khi lao ng. D. kim loi b n mn. Bi 5: Mt s ho cht c trn ngn t c khung Hot ng 4 lm bng kim loi. Sau mt thi gian, ngi ta thy khung kim loi b g. Ho cht no sau y c kh nng GV ?: Trong s cc ho cht a cho, ho gy ra hin tng trn ? cht no c kh nng n mn kim loi ? A. Etanol B. Dy nhm HS chn p n ng v gii thch. C. Du ho D. Axit clohiric Hot ng 5 HS vn dng nh ngha v s n mn ho hc v n mn in ho chn p n ng. Bi 6: S ph hu kim loi hay hp kim do kim loi tc dng trc tip vi cc cht oxi ho trong mi trng c gi l A. s kh kim loi. B. s tc dng ca kim loi vi nc. C. s n mn ho hc.

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

D. s n mn in ho hc. Bi 7: Khi iu ch H2 t Zn v dung dch H2SO4 loang, nu thm mt vi git dung dch CuSO4 vo dung dch axit th thy kh H2 thot ra nhanh hn hn. Hy gii thch hin tng trn. Hot ng 6 Gii GV ?: Ban u xy ra qu trnh n mn ho Ban u Zn tip xc trc tip vi dung dch H2SO4 hc hay n mn in ho ? V sao tc thot loang v b n mn ho hc. kh ra li b chm li ? Zn + H2SO4 ? ZnSO4 + H2? Kh H2 sinh ra bm vo b mt l Zn , ngn cn s tip Khi thm vo vi git dung dch CuSO4 th xc gia Zn v H2SO4 nn phn ng xy ra chm. c phn ng ho hc no xy ra ? V khi xy ra qu trnh n mn loi no ? Khi thm vo vi git dung dch CuSO4, c phn ng: Zn + CuSO4 ? ZnSO4 + Cu Cu to thnh bm vo Fe to thnh cp in cc v Fe b n mn in ho. - cc m (Fe): Kem b oxi ho. Zn 2e ? Zn2+ - cc dng (Cu): Cc ion H+ ca dung dch H2SO4 loang b kh thnh kh H2. 2H+ + 2e ? H2? H2 thot ra cc ng, nn Zn b n mn nhanh hn, phn ng xy ra mnh hn. Bi 8: Ngm 9g hp kim Cu Zn trong dung dch HCl Hot ng 7 d thu c 896 ml H2 (kc). Xc nh % khi lng ca hp kim. GV ?: Khi ngm hp kim Cu Zn trong Gii dung dch HCl th kim loi no b n mn ? Ngm hp kim Cu Zn trong dung dch HCl d, ch c HS da vo lng kh H2 thu c, tnh lng Zn c trong hp kim v t xc nh % Zn phn ng. Zn + 2HCl ? ZnCl2 + H2? khi lng ca hp kim. nZn = nH2 = %Zn =
0,04.65 9
0,986 22,4 = 0,04

.100 = 28,89%

%Cu = 71,11%

V. CNG C: 1. C nhng cp kim loi sau y cng tip xc vi dung dch cht in li: a) Al Fe; b) Cu Fe; c) Fe Sn. Cho bit kim loi no trong moi cp b n mn in ho hc. A. Cu, Al, Mg B. Cu, Al, MgO C. Cu, Al2O3, Mg D. Cu, Al2O3, MgO 2. V sao khi ni mt si dy in bng ng vi mt si dy in bng nhm th ch ni tr nn mau km tip xc. VI. DN D: Xem trc bi IU CH KIM LOI

Ngy son:............/............
Tie t 38

IEU CHE KIM LOAI

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: - HS hiu: Nguyn tc chung ca vic iu ch kim loi. - HS bit: Cc phng php iu ch kim loi. 2. K nng: Rn luyn t duy: Tnh kh khc nhau ca cc kim loi v bit cch chn phng php thch hp iu ch kim loi. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: - Ho cht: dung dch CuSO4, inh st. - Dng c: ng nghim thng, ng nghim hnh ch U, loi than ly t pin hng dng lm in cc, dy in, pin hoc bnh cquy. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Khng kim tra. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1 I NGUYN TC IU CH KIM LOI Kh ion kim loi thnh nguyn t. GV t h thng cu hi: Mn+ + ne ? M - Trong t nhin, ngoi vng v platin c trng thi t do, hu ht cc kim loi cn li u tn ti trng thi no ? - Mun iu ch kim loi ta phi lm g ? - Nguyn tc chung ca vic iu ch kim loi l g ? II PHNG PHP Hot ng 2 1. Phng php nhit luyn GV gii thiu phng php nhit luyn. Nguyn tc: Kh ion kim loi trong hp cht GV yu cu HS vit PTHH iu ch Cu v Fe nhit cao bng cc cht kh nh C, CO, H2 hoc cc kim loi hot ng. bng phng php nhit luyn sau: CuO + H2? Phm vi p dng: Sn xut cc kim loi c tnh Fe2O3 + CO ? kht trung bnh (Zn, FE, Sn, Pb,) trong cng Fe2O3 + Al ? nghip. Th d:
PbO + H 2 Fe3O4 + 4CO Fe2O3 + 2Al
t t0 t
0 0

Pb +H2O 3Fe +4CO2 2Fe +Al2O3

Hot ng 3 GV gii thiu phng php thu luyn. GV biu dien th nghim Fe + dd CuSO4 v yu cu HS vit PTHH ca phn ng. HS tm thm mt s th d khc v phng php dng kim loi kh ion kim loi yu hn.

2. Phng php thu luyn Nguyn tc: Dng nhng dung dch thch hp nh: H2SO4, NaOH, NaCN, ho tan kim loi hoc cc hp cht ca kim loi v tch ra khi phn khng tan c trong qung. Sau kh nhng ion kim loi ny trong dung dch bng nhng kim loi c tnh kh mnh nh Fe, Zn, Th d: Fe + CuSO4 ? FeSO4 + Cu? Fe + Cu2+ ? Fe2+ + Cu? Phm vi p dng: Thng s dng iu ch cc kim loi c tnh kh yu. 3. Phng php in phn a) in phn hp cht nng chy

GV: Mai Vn t Hot ng 4: GV ?: - Nhng kim loi c hot ng ho hc nh th no phi iu ch bng phng php in phn nng chy ? Chng ng v tr no trong day hot ng ho hc ca kim loi ? HS nghin cu SGK v vit PTHH ca phn ng xy ra cc in cc v PTHH chung ca s in phn khi in phn nng chy Al2O3, MgCl2.

Trng THPT L Th Hiu Nguyn tc: Kh cc ion kim loi bng dng in bng cch in phn nng chy hp cht ca kim loi. Phm vi p dng: iu ch cc kim loi hot ng ho hc mnh nh K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al. Th d 1: in phn Al2O3 nng chy iu ch Al.
K (-) Al 3+ Al3+ +3e Al2O3 A (+ ) 2O 22O O2 +4e

Al
pnc

2Al2O3 4Al +3O2 Th d 2: in phn MgCl2 nng chy iu ch Mg. K (-) MgCl2 A (+ ) 2+ Mg Cl 2+ Mg +2e Mg 2Cl Cl2 +2e
pnc

MgCl2 Mg +Cl2 Hot ng 5: b) in phn dung dch GV ?: Nguyn tc: in phn dung dch mui ca kim - Nhng kim loi c hot ng ho hc nh loi. th no phi iu ch bng phng php in phn Phm vi p dng: iu ch cc kim loi c hot dung dch ? Chng ng v tr no trong day ng ho hc trung bnh hoc yu. hot ng ho hc ca kim loi ? Th d: in phn dung dch CuCl2 iu ch kim HS nghin cu SGK v vit PTHH ca phn loi Cu. K (-) CuCl2 A (+ ) ng xy ra cc in cc v PTHH chung ca s 2+ Cu , H2O (H2O) Cl , H2O in phn khi in phn dung dch CuCl2. 2+ Cu +2e Cu 2ClCl2 +2e CuCl2 Cu +Cl2 c) Tnh lng cht thu c cc in cc
pdd

Hot ng 6 GV gii thiu cng thc Faray dng tnh lng cht thu c cc in cc v gii thch cc k hiu c trong cng thc.

Da vo cng thc Faray: m =

A It n F

, trong :

m: Khi lng cht thu c in cc (g). A: Khi lng mol nguyn t ca cht thu c in cc. n: S electron m nguyn t hoc ion a cho hoc nhn. I: Cng dng in (ampe) t: Thi gian in phn (giy) F: Hng s Faray (F = 96.500).

V. CNG C: 1. Trnh by cch - iu ch Ca t CaCO3 - iu ch Cu t CuSO4 2. T Cu(OH)2, MgO, Fe2O3 hy iu ch cc kim loi tng ng bng mt phng php thch hp. Vit PTHH ca phn ng. VI. DN D: 1. Bi tp v nh: 1 ? 5 trang 98 SGK. 2. Xem trc bi IU CH KIM LOI

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu Ngy son:............/............

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: Cng c kin thc v nguyn tc iu ch kim loi v cc phng php iu ch kim loi. 2. K nng: K nng tnh ton lng kim loi iu ch theo cc phng php hoc cc i lng c lin quan. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: Cc bi tp. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Khng kim tra. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Bi 1: Bng nhng phng php no c th iu ch c Ag t dung dch AgNO3, iu ch Mg t dung dch Hot ng 1 MgCl2 ? Vit cc phng trnh ho hc. Gii HS nhc li cc phng php iu ch kim 1. T dung dch AgNO3 iu ch Ag. C 3 cch: loi v phm vi p dng ca moi phng php. Dng kim loi c tnh kh mnh hn kh ion Ag+. Cu + 2AgNO3 ? Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag? GV ?: Kim loi Ag, Mg hot ng ho hc mnh hay yu ? Ta c th s dng phng in phn dung dch AgNO3: pdd php no iu ch kim loi Ag t dung dch 4AgNO + 2HO 4Ag +O2 +4HNO3 3 2 AgNO3, kim loi Mg t dung dch MgCl2 ? C cn dung dch ri nhit phn AgNO3: HS vn dng cc kin thc c lin quan t0 2AgNO 2Ag + 2NO2 + O2 gii quyt bi ton. 3 2. T dung dch MgCl2 iu ch Mg: ch c 1 cch l c cn dung dch ri in phn nng chy: pnc MgCl2 Mg + Cl2 Bi 2: Ngm mt vt bng ng c khi lng 10g trong 250g dung dch AgNO3 4%. Khi ly vt ra th khi lng AgNO3 trong dung dch gim 17%. a) Vit phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng v cho bit vai tr ca cc cht tham gia phn ng. b) Xc nh khi lng ca vt sau phn ng. Hot ng 2 Gii a) PTHH HS Cu + 2AgNO3 ? Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag? - Vit PTHH ca phn ng. b) Xc nh khi lng ca vt sau phn ng - Xc nh khi lng AgNO3 c trong 250g 20 5 dung dch v s mol AgNO3 a phn ng. .4 =1 (g 0 ) Khi lng AgNO3 c trong 250g dd: 10 0 GV pht vn dn dt HS tnh c khi S mol AgNO3 tham gia phn ng l: lng ca vt sau phn ng theo cng thc: 10.17 mvt sau phn ng = mCu(b) mCu(phn ng) + mAg(bm vo) = 0,01(m ol)
100.170

Tie t 39

LUYEN TAP: IEU CHE KIM LOAI

Cu + 2AgNO3 ? Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag? mol: 0,005 ?0,01? 0,01 Khi lng vt sau phn ng l: 10 + (108.0,01) (64.0,005+ = 10,76 (g) Bi 3: kh hon ton 23,2g mt oxit kim loi, cn dng 8,96 lt H2 (kc). Kim loi l A. Mg B. Cu C. Fe

GV: Mai Vn t D. Cr Hot ng 3 GV hng dn HS gii quyt bi tp.

Trng THPT L Th Hiu Gii MxOy + yH2 ? xM + yH2O nH2 = 0,4 nO(oxit) = nH2 = 0,4 mkim lo?i trong oxit = 23,2 0,4.16 = 16,8 (g) x:y=
16,8 M

: 0,4. Thay gi tr nguyn t khi ca

cc kim loi vo biu thc trn ta tm c gi tr M bng 56 l ph hp vi t l x : y. Hot ng 4 Bi 4: Cho 9,6g bt kim loi M vo 500 ml dung dch HCl 1M, khi phn ng kt thc thu c 5,376 lt H2 GV ?: (kc). Kim loi M l: - Trong s 4 kim loi a cho, kim loi no phn ng c vi dung dch HCl ? Ho tr A. Mg B. Ca C. Fe ca kim loi trong mui clorua thu c c D. Ba im g ging nhau ? Gii - Sau phn ng gia kim loi vi dd HCl th nH2 = 5,376/22,4 = 0,24 (mol) kim loi ht hay khng ? nHCl = 0,5.1 = 0,5 (mol) HS gii quyt bi ton trn c s hng dn M + 2HCl ? MCl2 + H2 ca GV. 0,24 0,48 ?0,24 nHCl(p?) = 0,48 < nHCl(b) = 0,5 Kim loi ht, HCl d M = 0,24 = 40 M l Ca Bi 5: in phn nng chy mui clorua kim loi M. catot thu c 6g kim loi v anot thu c 3,36 lt kh (kc) thot ra. Mui clorua l A. NaCl B. KCl C. BaCl2 D. CaCl2 Gii nCl2 = 0,15 2MCln ? 2M + nCl2
0,3 n
9,6

Hot ng 5 HS lp 1 phng trnh lin h gia ho tr ca kim loi v khi lng mol ca kim loi. GV theo doi, gip HS gii quyt bi ton.

?0,15

M = 0,3 = 20n n = 2 & M = 40 M l Ca


n

V. CNG C: 1. Cho kh CO d i qua hon hp gm CuO, Al2O3 v MgO (un nng). Khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c cht rn gm: A. Cu, Al, Mg B. Cu, Al, MgO C. Cu, Al2O3, Mg D. Cu, Al2O3, MgO 2. Ho tan hon ton 28g Fe vo dung dch AgNO3 d th khi lng cht rn thu c l: A. 108g B. 162g C. 216g D. 154g VI. DN D: Xem trc bi IU CH KIM LOI

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

Ngy son:............/............

THC HANH: TNH CHAT, IEU CHE VA S AN MON KIM LOAI

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: Cng c kin thc v: day in ho ca kim loi, iu ch kim loi, s n mn kim loi. Tin hnh mt s th nghim: - So snh phn ng ca Al, Fe, Cu vi ion H+ trong dung dch HCl (day in ho ca kim loi). - Fe phn ng vi Cu2+ trong dung dch CuSO4 (iu ch kim loi bng cch dng kim loi mnh kh kim loi yu trong dung dch). - Zn phn ng vi dung dch H2SO4, dung dch H2SO4 thm CuSO4 (s n mn in ho hc). 2. K nng: - Tip tc rn luyn cc k nng thc hnh ho hc: lm vic vi dng c th nghim, ho cht, quan st hin tng. - Vn dng gii thch cc vn lin quan n day in ho ca kim loi, v s n mn kim loi, chng n mn kim loi. 3. Thi : Cn thn trong cc th nghim ho hc. II. CHUN B: 1. Dng c: ng nghim, gi ng nghim, n cn, ko, dua hoc giy gip. 2. Ho cht: Kim loi: Na, Mg, Fe (inh st nh hoc dy st); Dung dch: HCl. H2SO4, CuSO4 III. PHNG PHP: HS tin hnh lm cc th nghim di s hng dn ca GV. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. Nhc nh ni quy PTN, nhng lu trc khi tin hnh cc th nghim ho hc. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Khng kim tra. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1: Cng vic u bui thc hnh - GV nu mc tiu, yu cu tit thc hnh v mt s im cn lu trong bui thc hnh. - GV c th lm mu mt s th nghim. Hot ng 2: Th nghim 1: Day in ho ca kim loi - HS tin hnh cc th nghim nh yu cu ca SGK Hot ng 3: Th nghim 2: iu ch kim loi bng cch dng - HS tin hnh th nghim nh SGK. kim loi mnh kh ion kim loi trong dung dch. - Lu l nh tht sch g st phn ng xy ra nhanh v ro hn. Hot ng 4: Th nghim 3: n mn in ho - HS tin hnh th nghim nh SGK. - GV hng dn HS quan st hin tng. Hot ng 5: Cng vic cui bui thc hnh. - GV nhn xt, nh gi bui thc hnh. - HS thu dn dng c, ho cht, v sinh PTN, lp hc, vit tng trnh th nghim theo mu. V. CNG C: Trong tit thc hnh. VI. DN D: Xem trc bi KIM LOI KIM.

Tie t 40

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

Ngy son:............/............ CHNG 6:


Tie t 41

KIM LOI KIM, KIM LOI KIM TH, NHM

KIM LOAI KIEM VA HP CHAT QUAN TRONG CUA KIM LOAI KIEM(Tiet 1)

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: HS bit. - V tr, cu to nguyn t, tnh cht ca kim loi kim. - Nguyn tc v phng php iu ch mt s kim loi kim. HS hiu: Nguyn nhn ca tnh kh rt mnh ca kim loi kim. 2. K nng: - Lm mt s th nghim n gin v kim loi kim. - Gii bi tp v kim loi kim. 3. Thi : Cn thn trong cc th nghim ho hc. II. CHUN B: 1. Bng tun hon, bng ph ghi mt s tnh cht vt l ca kim loi kim. 2. Dng c, ho cht: Na kim loi, bnh kh O2 v bnh kh Cl2, nc, dao. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Khng kim tra. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1 A. KIM LOI KIM - GV dng bng HTTH v yu cu HS t tm hiu I V TR TRONG BNG TUN HON, CU v tr ca nhm IA v cu hnh electron nguyn t HNH ELECTRON NGUYN T ca cc nguyn t nhm IA - Thuc nhm IA ca bng tun hon, gm cc nguyn t: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs v Fr (nguyn t phng x). - Cu hnh electron nguyn t: Li: [He]2s1 Na: [Ne]3s1 K: [Ar]4s1 1 Rb: [Kr]5s Cs: [Xe]6s1 Hot ng 2 II TNH CHT VT L - GV dng dao ct mt mu nh kim loi Na. - Mu trng bc v c nh kim, dn in tt, nhit - HS quan st b mt ca kim loi Na sau khi ct nng chy v nhit si thp, khi lng ring nh, v nhn xt v tnh cng ca kim loi Na. cng thp. - GV gii thch cc nguyn nhn gy nn nhng - Nguyn nhn: Kim loi kim c cu trc mng tinh tnh cht vt l chung ca cc kim loi kim. th lp phng tm khi, cu trc tng i rong. - HS da vo bng ph bit thm quy lut bin Mt khc, trong tinh th cc nguyn t v ion lin kt i tnh cht vt l ca kim loi kim. vi nhau bng lin kt kim loi yu. III TNH CHT HO HC Hot ng 3 Cc nguyn t kim loi kim c nng lng ion ho - GV ?: Trn c s cu hnh electron nguyn t v nh, v vy kim loi kim c tnh kh rt mnh. Tnh cu to mng tinh th ca kim loi kim, em hy kh tng dn t Li ? Cs. d on tnh cht ho hc chung ca cc kim loi M ? M+ + 1e kim. Trong cc hp cht, cc kim loi kim c s oxi ho +1. 1. Tc dng vi phi kim a. Tc dng vi oxi - GV biu dien cc th nghim: Na + O2; K + Cl2; 2Na + O2 ? Na2O2 (natri peoxit)

GV: Mai Vn t Na + HCl. - HS quan st hin tng xy ra. Vit PTHH ca phn ng. Nhn xt v mc phn ng ca cc kim loi kim.

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

4Na + O2 ? 2Na2O (natri oxit) b. Tc dng vi clo 2K + Cl2 ? 2KCl 2. Tc dng vi axit 2Na + 2HCl ? 2NaCl + H2? 3. Tc dng vi nc 2K + 2H2O ? 2KOH + H2? bo v kim loi kim ngi ta ngm kim loi kim trong du ho. IV NG DNG, TRNG THI THIN NHIN V IU CH Hot ng 4 1. ng dng: HS nghin cu SGK bit c cc ng dng - Dng ch to hp kim c nhit ngoi cng thp. quan trng ca kim loi kim. Th d: Hp kim Na-K nng chy nhit 700C dng lm cht trao i nhit trong cc l phn ng ht nhn. - Hp kim Li Al siu nh, c dng trong k thut hng khng. - Cs c dng lm t bo quang in. 2. Trng thi thin nhin HS nghin cu SGK. Tn ti dng hp cht: NaCl (nc bin), mt s hp cht ca kim loi kim dng silicat v aluminat c trong t. - GV ? Em hy cho bit iu ch kim loi kim 3. iu ch: Kh ion ca kim loi kim trong hp ta c th s dng phng php no ? cht bng cch in phn nng chy hp cht ca - GV dng tranh ve hng dn HS nghin cu s chng. thit b in phn NaCl nng chy trong cng Th d: pnc nghip. 2NaCl 2Na +Cl2 V. CNG C: 1. Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t kim loi kim l A. ns1 B. ns2 C. ns2np1 D. (n 1)dxnsy 2. Cation M+ c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 2s22p6. M+ l cation no sau y ? A. Ag+ B. Cu+ C. Na+ D. K+ 3. Nng % ca dung dch to thnh khi ho tan 39g kali kim loi vo 362g nc l kt qu no sau y ? A. 15,47% B. 13,97% C. 14% D. 14,04% VI. DN D: 1. BTVN: 1 ? 4 trang 111 (SGK) 2. Xem trc phn HP CHT CA KIM LOI KIM

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

Ngy son:............/............

KIM LOAI KIEM VA HP CHAT QUAN TRONG CUA KIM LOAI KIEM(Tiet 2)

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: HS bit c tnh cht v ng dng mt s hp cht quan trng ca kim loi kim. 2. K nng: - Lm mt s th nghim n gin v hp cht ca kim loi kim. - Gii bi tp v hp cht ca kim loi kim. 3. Thi : Cn thn trong cc th nghim ho hc. II. CHUN B: 1. Dng c: ng nghim, kp go, ng ht. 2. Ho cht: NaOH dng vin, III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Khng kim tra. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC B. MT S HP CHT QUAN TRNG CA KIM Hot ng 1 LOI KIM I NATRI HIROXIT 1. Tnh cht a. Tnh cht vt l: - Cht rn, khng mu, de nng chy (tnc = 3220C), ht GV cho HS quan st mt mu NaOH di m mnh (de chy ra), tan nhiu trong nc. dng vin v nghin cu tnh tan, tnh ht m - Khi tan trong nc, NaOH phn li hon ton thnh ca n. ion: NaOH Na+ + OHb. Tnh cht ho hc Tc dng vi axit HS vit PTHH dng phn t v ion rt gn HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O ca cc phn ng minh ho cho tnh cht ca H+ + OH- H2O NaOH Tc dng vi oxit axit NaOH + CO2 NaHCO3 (nNaOH : nCO2 ? 1) 2NaOH + CO2 Na2CO3 (nNaOH : nCO2 ? 2) GV: Gii thch cc trng hp xy ra phn Tc dng vi dung dch mui ng cho mui axt, trung ho hoc c hai. CuSO4 + 2NaOH Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4 Cu2+ + 2OH- Cu(OH)2 HS nghin cu SKG bit nhng ng dng 2. ng dng: Nu x phng, ch phm nhum, t nhn to, tinh ch qung nhm trong cng nghip luyn quan trng ca NaOH. nhm v dng trong cng nghip ch bin du m. Hot ng 2 II NATRI HIROCACBONAT HS nghin cu SGK bit nhng tnh cht 1. Tnh cht vt l: Cht rn, mu trng, t tan trong nc. vt l ca NaHCO3. 2. Tnh cht ho hc HS nghin cu SGK bit nhng tnh cht a. Phn ng phn hu t0 ho hc ca NaHCO3. 2NaHCO Na CO +CO +H O
3 2 3 2 2

GV ?: V sao c th ni NaHCO3 l hp cht

Tie t 42

b. NaHCO3 l hp cht lng tnh NaHCO3 + HCl NaCl + CO2 + H2O

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

lng tnh ? NaHCO3 + NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O HS nghin cu SKG bit nhng ng dng 2. ng dng: Dng trong cng nghip dc phm (ch thuc au d dy,) v cng nghip thc phm (lm quan trng ca NaHCO3. bt n,) III NATRI CACBONAT HS nghin cu SGK bit nhng tnh cht 1. Tnh cht vt l: Cht rn mu trng, tan nhiu trong nc. nhit thng tn ti di dng mui ngm vt l ca Na2CO3. nc Na2CO3.10H2O, nhit cao mui ny mt dn nc tr thnh Na2CO3 khan, nng chy 8500C. 2. Tnh cht ho hc HS dn ra nhng phn ng ho hc minh Phn ng vi axit, kim, mui ho cho tnh cht ca Na2CO3. Na2CO3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O Na2CO3 + Ba(OH)2 BaCO3 + 2NaOH Na2CO3 + CaCl2 CaCO3 + 2NaCl GV gii thiu cho HS bit mi trng ca mui Na2CO3 Mui cacbonat ca kim loi kim trong dung dch nc cho mi trng kim. HS nghin cu SKG bit nhng ng dng 3. ng dng: L ho cht quan trng trong cng nghip thu tinh, bt git, phm nhum, giy, si, quan trng ca Na2CO3. IV KALI NITRAT Hot ng 3 1. Tnh cht vt l: L nhng tinh th khng mu, bn HS nghin cu SGK bit nhng tnh cht trong khng kh, tan nhiu trong nc. vt l ca KNO3. 2. Tnh cht ho hc: B phn hu nhit cao GV ?: Em c nhn xt g v sn phm ca t0 phn ng phn hu KNO3 ? 2KNO 2KNO +O
3 2 2

ng dng thuc n ca KNO3 da trn tnh cht no ca mui KNO3?

3. ng dng: Dng lm phn bn (phn m, phn kali) v ch to thuc n. Thuc n thng thng (thuc sng) l hon hp 68%KNO3, 15%S v 17%C (than) Phn ng chy ca thuc sng:
2KNO3 + 3C + S
t0

N2 +3CO2 +K 2S

V. CNG C: 1. Trong cc mui sau, mui no de b nhit phn ? A. LiCl B. NaNO3 C. KHCO3 D. KBr 2. Cho 100g CaCO3 tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HCl thu c mt lng kh CO2. Sc kh CO2 thu c vo dung dch cha 60g NaOH. Tnh khi lng mui to thnh. 3. Nung 100g hon hp Na2CO3 v NaHCO3 cho n khi khi lng ca hon hp khng thay i, c 69g cht rn. Xc nh % khi lng ca moi cht rn trong hon hp u. VI. DN D: 1. BTVN: 5 ? 8 trang 111 (SGK) 2. Xem trc phn KIM LOI KIM TH

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu Ngy son:............/............

KIM LOAI KIEM THO VA HP CHAT QUAN TRONG CUA KIM LOAI KIEM THO(Tiet 1)

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - V tr, cu to nguyn t, tnh cht ca kim loi kim th. - Nguyn tc v phng php iu ch kim loi kim th. 2. K nng: - T cu to suy ra tnh cht, t tnh cht suy ra ng dng v iu ch. - Gii bi tp v kim loi kim th.. 3. Thi : Cn thn trong cc th nghim ho hc. II. CHUN B: Bng tun hon, bng hng s vt l ca mt s kim loi kim th. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc nguyn t 4Be, 12Mg, 20Ca. Nhn xt v s electron lp ngoi cng. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC A. KIM LOI KIM TH Hot ng 1 I V TR TRONG BNG TUN HON, CU GV dng bng tun hon v cho HS tm v tr HNH ELECTRON NGUYN T - Kim loi kim th thuc nhm IIA ca bng tun nhm IIA. HS vit cu hnh electron ca cc kim loi Be, hon, gm cc nguyn t beri (Be), magie (Mg), canxi Mg, Ca, v nhn xt v s electron lp ngoi (Ca), stronti (Sr), bari (Ba) v Ra (Ra). - Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l ns2 (n l s th cng. t ca lp). Be: [He]2s2; Mg: [Ne]2s2; Ca: [Ar]2s2; Sr: [Kr]2s2; Ba: [Xe]2s2 Hot ng 2 II TNH CHT VT L - Mu trng bc, c th dt mng. HS da nghin cu bng 6.2. Mt s hng s - Nhit nng chy v nhit si ca cc kim loi vt l quan trng v kiu mng tinh th ca kim loi kim th rt ra cc kt lun v tnh cht vt kim th tuy c cao hn cc kim loi kim nhng van tng i thp. l ca kim loi kim th nh bn. - Khi lng ring nh, nh hn nhm (tr Ba). GV ?: Theo em, v sao tnh cht vt l ca cc kim loi kim th li bin i khng theo mt quy cng cao hn cc kim loi kim nhng van tng i mm. lut nht nh ging nh kim loi kim ? Hot ng 3 III TNH CHT HO HC GV ?: T cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc - Cc nguyn t kim loi kim th c nng lng ion ho tng i nh, v vy kim loi kim th c tnh kim loi kim th, em c d on g v tnh cht kh mnh. Tnh kh tng dn t Be n Ba. ho hc ca cc kim loi kim th ? M ? M2+ + 2e HS vit bn phn ng dng tng qut biu - Trong cc hp cht cc kim loi kim th c s oxi dien tnh kh ca kim loi kim th. ho +2. 1. Tc dng vi phi kim
2Mg + O 2
0 0

Tie t 43

2MgO

+ -2 2

2. Tc dng vi axit a) Vi HCl, H2SO4 loang


2Mg + 2HCl
0 + 1

MgCl2 +H2

+ 2

b) Vi HNO3, H2SO4 c

GV: Mai Vn t
0 + 5

Trng THPT L Th Hiu


4Mg + 10HNO 3(loang) 4Mg(NO3)2 +NH4NO3 +3H2O
+ 2 -3

GV yu cu HS ly cc th d minh ho v vit PTHH minh ho cho tnh cht ca kim loi nhm IIA.

4Mg + 5H 4(ac) 4MgSO4 +H2S +4H2O 2SO

+ 6

+ 2

-2

Hot ng 4 HS nghin cu SGK bit c nhng tnh cht ca Ca(OH)2. GV gii thiu thm mt s tnh cht ca Ca(OH)2 m HS cha bit.

GV biu dien th nghim sc kh CO2 t t n d vo dung dch Ca(OH)2. HS quan st hin tng xy ra, gii thch bng t0 phng trnh phn ng. CaCO CaO +CO2 3 GV hng dn HS da vo phn ng phn hu B ho tan trong nc c ho tan kh CO2 Ca(HCO3)2 gii thch cc hin tng trong t CaCO + CO + HO Ca(HCO )2 3 2 2 3 nhin nh cn trong nc un nc, thch nhu t0 trong cc hang ng,.. 3. Canxi sunfat Hot ng 4 Trong t nhin, CaSO4 tn ti di dng mui GV gii thiu v thch cao sng, thch cao ngm nc CaSO4.2H2O gi l thch cao sng. nung. Thch cao nung: 1600C B sung nhng ng dng ca CaSO4 m HS CaSO .2H2O CaSO4.H2O +H2O 4 cha bit.
tha h cao sog c n tha h cao nung c

3. Tc dng vi nc: nhit thng Be khng kh c nc, Mg kh chm. Cc kim loi cn li kh mnh nc gii phng kh H2. Ca + 2H2O ? Ca(OH)2 + H2? B. MT S HP CHT QUAN TRNG CA CANXI 1. Canxi hiroxit Ca(OH)2 cn gi l vi ti, l cht rn mu trng, t tan trong nc. Nc vi l dung dch Ca(OH)2. Hp th de dng kh CO2: CO2 + Ca(OH)2 ? CaCO3? + H2O nhn bit kh CO2 ng dng rng rai trong nhiu ngnh cng nghip: sn xut NH3, CaOCl2, vt liu xy dng, 2. Canxi cacbonat Cht rn mu trng, khng tan trong nc, b phn hu nhit cao.

Thch cao khan l CaSO4


CaSO .2H2O 4 tha h cao sog c n
3500C

CaSO4 +2H2O tha h cao khan c

V. CNG C: 1. Xp cc kim loi kim th theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn, th A. bn knh nguyn t gim dn. B. nng lng ion ho gim dn. C. tnh kh gim dn. D. kh nng tc dng vi nc gim dn. 2. Cho dung dch Ca(OH)2 vo dung dch Ca(HCO3)2 se A. C kt ta trng. B. c bt kh thot ra. C. c kt ta trng v bt kh. D. khng c hin tng g. 3. Cho 2,84g hon hp CaCO3 v MgCO3 tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thu c 672 ml kh CO2 (kc). Phn trm khi lng ca 2 mui trong hon hp ln lt l A. 35,2% & 64,8% B. 70,4% & 26,9% C. 85,49% & 14,51% D.17,6% & 82,4% 4. Cho 2 g mt kim loi nhm IIA tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl to ra 5,55g mui clorua. Kim loi l kim loi no sau y ? A. Be B. Mg C. Ca D. Ba VI. DN D: 1. BTVN: 1 ? 7 trang 119 (SGK). 2. Xem trc phn NC CNG.

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu Ngy son:............/............

KIM LOAI KIEM THO VA HP CHAT QUAN TRONG CUA KIM LOAI KIEM THO(Tiet 2)

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: Nc cng l g ? Nguyn tc v cc phng php lm mm nc cng. 2. K nng: Bit cch dng cc ho cht lm mm cc loi nc cng. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Trnh by hin tng xy ra khi cho t t kh CO2 sc vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 cho n d. Gii thch bng phng trnh phn ng. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC C. NC CNG Hot ng 1 1. Khi nim: - Nc cha nhiu ion Ca2+ v Mg2+ c gi l nc GV ? cng. - Nc c vai tr nh th no i vi i sng - Nc cha t hoc khng cha cc ion Mg2+ v Ca2+ con ngi v sn xut? - Nc sinh hot hng ngy ly t u? L ngun c gi l nc mm. nc g? Phn loi: a) Tnh cng tm thi: Gy nn bi cc mui GV: thng bo: Nc t nhin ly t sng Ca(HCO3)2 v Mg(HCO3)2. sui, ao h. nc ngm l nc cng, vy nc Khi un si nc, cc mui Ca(HCO3)2 v cng l g ? Mg(HCO3)2 b phn hu ? tnh cng b mt. Nc mm l g? Ly v d. t0 GV ?: Em hy cho bit c s ca vic phn Ca(HCO )2 CaCO3 +CO2 +H2O 3 loi tnh cng l g ? V sao gi l tnh cng tm 0 t Mg(HCO )2 MgCO3 +CO2 +H2O thi ? Tnh cng vnh cu ? 3 b) Tnh cng vnh cu: Gy nn bi cc mui sunfat, clorua ca canxi v magie. Khi un si, cc mui ny khng b phn hu. c) Tnh cng ton phn: Gm c tnh cng tm thi v tnh cng vnh cu. 2. Tc hi - un si nc cng lu ngy trong ni hi, ni se b ph mt lp cn. Lp cn dy 1mm lm tn thm Hot ng 2 5% nhin liu, thm ch c th gy n. GV ? Trong thc t em a bit nhng tc hi - Cc ng dn nc cng lu ngy c th b ng cn, lm gim lu lng ca nc. no ca nc cng ? - Qun o gi bng nc cng th x phng khng ra HS: c SGK v tho lun. bt, tn x phng v lm o qun mau chng h hng do nhng kt ta kh tan bm vo qun o. - Pha tr bng nc cng se lm gim hng v ca tr. Nu n bng nc cng se lm thc phm lu chn v gim mi v. Hot ng 3 3. Cch lm mm nc cng GVt vn : Nh chng ta a bit nc Nguyn tc: Lm gim nng cc ion Ca2+, cng c cha cc ion Ca2+, Mg2+, vy theo cc em Mg2+ trong nc cng. nguyn tc lm mm nc cng l g? a) Phng php kt ta GV ?: Nc cng tm thi c cha nhng Tnh cng tm thi: mui no ? khi ung nng th c nhng phn - un si nc, cc mui Ca(HCO3)2 v Mg(HCO3)2 ng ho hc no xy ra ? b phn hu to ra mui cacbonat khng tan. Lc b

Tie t 44

GV: Mai Vn t - C th dng nc vi trong va trung ho mui axit tnh mui trung ho khng tan , lc b cht khng tan c nc mm. GV ?: Khi cho dung dch Na2CO3, Na3PO4 vo nc cng tm thi hoc vnh cu th c hin tng g xy ra ? Vit p di dng ion.

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

kt ta ? nc mm. - Dng Ca(OH)2, Na2CO3 (hoc Na3PO4). Ca(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 ? 2CaCO3? + 2H2O Ca(HCO3)2 + Na2CO3? CaCO3? + 2NaHCO3 Tnh cng vnh cu: Dng Na2CO3 (hoc Na3PO4). CaSO4 + Na2CO3 ? CaCO3? + Na2SO4 b) Phng php trao i ion GV t vn : Da trn kh nng c th trao i ion ca mt s cht cao phn t t nhin hoc - Dng cc vt liu polime c kh nng trao i ion, gi chung l nha cationit. Khi i qua ct c cha nhn to ngi ta c phng php trao i ion. cht trao i ion, cc ion Ca2+ v Mg2+ c trong nc GV ?: Phng php trao i ion c th lm cng i vo cc lo trng trong cu trc polime, th mt nhng loi tnh cng no ? cho cho cc ion Na+ hoc H+ ca cationit a i vo dung dch. - Cc zeolit l cc vt liu trao i ion v c cung c dng lm mm nc. 4. Nhn bit ion Ca2+, Mg2+ trong dung dch 2 Hot ng 4 Thuc th: dung dch mui CO 3 v kh CO2. - HS nghin cu SGK bit c cch nhn bit Hin tng: C kt ta, sau kt ta b ho tan ion Ca2+ v Mg2+. tr li. Phng trnh phn ng: 2 Ca2+ + CO 3 ? CaCO3?
CaCO + CO + HO 3 2 2
Ca2+ + 2HCO3

Ca(HCO3)2 (tan)

2 Mg2+ + CO 3 ? MgCO3?

MgCO3 + CO + HO 2 2

Mg2+ + 2HCO3

Mg(HCO3)2 (tan)

V. CNG C: 1. Trong mt cc nc c cha 0,01 mol Na+, 0,02 mol Ca2+, 0,01 mol Mg2+, 0,05 mol HCO3?, 0,02 mol Cl?. Nc trong cc thuc loi no ? A. Nc cng c tnh cng tm thi. B. Nc cng c tnh cng vnh cu. C. Nc cng c tnh cng ton phn. D. Nc mm. 2. C th dng cht no sau y lm mm nc c tnh cng tm thi ? A. NaCl. B. H2SO4. C. Na2CO3. D. KNO3. 3. Anion gc axit no sau y c th lm mm nc cng ? O A. N 3 B. SO2 C. ClO D. PO3 4 4 4 4. C th loi b tnh cng tm thi ca nc bng cch un si v l do no sau y ? A. Nc si nhit cao ( 1000C, p sut kh quyn). B. Khi un si a lm tng tan ca cc cht kt ta. C. Khi un si cc cht kh ho tan trong nc thot ra. D. Cc mui hirocacbonat ca magie v canxi b phn hu bi nhit to ra kt ta. VI. DN D: 1. BTVN: 8 ? 9 trang 119 (SGK). 2. Xem trc bi LUYN TP: TNH CHT CA KIM LOI KIM, KIM LOI KIM TH V HP CHT CA CHNG.

LUYEN TAP: TNH CHAT CUA KIM LOAI

Ngy son:............/............

Tie t 45

KIEM, KIM LOAI KIEM THO VA HP CHAT CUA CHUNG

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: Cng c, h thng ho kin thc v kim loi kim, kim loi kim th v hp cht ca chng. 2. K nng: Rn luyn k nng gii bi tp v kim loi kim v kim loi kim th cung nh hp cht ca chng. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: HS: c trc phn ni dung ni dung KIN THC CN NH. GV: Cc bi tp lin quan n ni dung luyn tp. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Vit PTHH ca phn ng gii thch vic dng Na3PO4 lm mm nc c tnh cng ton phn. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1 Bi 1: Hon thnh PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra - HS vn dng cc kin thc a hc gii theo s sau y CaO Ca(OH) CaCl2 quyt bi tp bn. 2 - GV quan st, hng dn HS gii quyt bi tp. CaCO CaCO CaCO CaCO 3 3 3 3 CO2 KHCO3 K 2CO3 Bi 2: Cho 3,04g hon hp NaOH v KOH tc dng vi axit HCl thu c 4,15g hon hp mui clorua. Khi lng moi hiroxit trong hon hp ln lt l A. 1,17g & 2,98g B. 1,12g & 1,6g Hot ng 2 C. 1,12g & 1,92g D. 0,8g & 2,24g - HS gii quyt theo phng php tng gim khi Gii lng hoc phng php t n gii h thng NaOH + HCl ? NaCl + H2O thng. KOH + HCl ? KCl + H2O - GV quan st, hng dn HS gii quyt bi tp. Gi a v b ln lt l s mol ca NaOH v KOH 40a + 56b = 3,04 (1) T 2 PTHH trn ta thy: 1 mol NaOH ? 1 mol NaCl, khi lng tng 35,5 17 = 18,5g. 1 mol NaOH ? 1 mol NaCl, khi lng tng 35,5 17 = 18,5g. 1 mol hon hp (KOH, NaOH) ? 1 mol hon hp (KCl v NaCl), khi lng tng 18,5g. Theo bi cho khi lng hon hp tng 4,15 3,04 = 1,11g a + b = 1,11:18,5 = 0,06 (2) T (1) v (2): a = 0,02; b = 0,04 mKOH = 40.0,02 = 0,8g; p n D. Bi 3: Sc 6,72 lt CO2 (kc) vo dung dch c cha Hot ng 3 0,25 mol Ca(OH)2. Khi lng kt ta thu c l - GV gii thiu cho HS phng php gii ton A. 10g B. 15g C. 20g D. 25g CO2 tc dng vi dung dch kim. Gii nCO2 0 ,3 nCO2 = 0,3 1 < = = 1,2 < 2 Phn 0,25 nNaOH - HS gii quyt bi ton theo s hng dn ca ng to mui CaCO3 v Ca(HCO3)2 GV. Ca(OH)2 + CO2 ? CaCO3?

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu a? a a Ca(OH)2 + 2CO2 ? Ca(HCO3)2 b? 2b

= 20g - HS vn dng phng php lm mm nc cng Bi 4: Cht no sau y c th lm mm nc cng c tnh cng vnh cu gii quyt bi ton. c tnh cng vnh cu ? A. NaCl B. H2SO4 C. Na2CO3 D. HCl Bi 5: Cho 28,1 g hon hp MgCO3 v BaCO3, trong MgCO3 chim a% khi lng. Cho hon hp trn Hot ng 4 tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl ly kh CO2 ri em sc vo dung dch c cha 0,2 mol Ca(OH)2 HS gii quyt bi ton theo s hng dn ca c kt ta B. Tnh a kt ta B thu c l ln GV. nht. Gii MgCO3 + 2HCl ? MgCl2 + CO2 + H2O (1) CaCO3 + 2HCl ? CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O (2) CO2 + Ca(OH)2 ? CaCO3? + H2O (3) Theo (1), (2) v (3): nCO2 = nMgCO3 + nCaCO3 = 0,2 mol th lng kt ta thu c l ln nht. Ta c: Hot ng 5 - GV ?: Kim loi Ca l kim loi c tnh kh mnh. Vy iu ch kim loi Ca ta c th s dng phng php no trong s cc phng php iu ch cc kim loi m ta a hc ? - HS chn p n ph hp.
28,1.a 100.84

a+ b= 0 , 2 5 a= 0 , 2 mCaCO = 100.0,2 a+ 2 b = 0 , 3 b= 0 , 0 5
3

28,1.(100 - a) 100.197

= 0,2 a = 29,89%

Bi 6: Cch no sau y thng c dng iu ch kim loi Ca ? A. in phn dung dch CaCl2 c mng ngn. B. in phn CaCl2 nng chy. C. Dng Al kh CaO nhit cao. D. Dng kim loi Ba y Ca ra khi dung dch CaCl2. Hot ng 6 Bi 7: Sc a mol kh CO2 vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 thu - GV ? V sao khi un nng dung dch sau khi c 3g kt ta. Lc tch kt ta, dung dch cn li a lc b kt ta ta li thu c thm kt ta em un nng li thu c thm 2g kt ta na. Gi na ? tr ca a l - HS: Vit 2 PTHH v da vo 2 lng kt ta A. 0,05 mol B. 0,06 mol tm lng CO2. C. 0,07 mol D. 0,08 mol V. CNG C: A B tc chui phn ng v vit cc phng trnh phn ng (moi mi tn l mt phn ng). Cho bit B l kh t0 E F dng np cho cc bnh cha la (dp tt la). A l B NaO khong sn thng dng sn xut vi sng. OH H Na
C
NaOH HCl

VI. DN D: Xem trc bi: NHM V HP CHT CA NHM.

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu Ngy son:............/............

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: V tr, cu to nguyn t, tnh cht ca nhm. HS hiu: Nguyn nhn gy nn tnh kh mnh ca nhm v v sao nhm ch c s oxi ho +3 trong cc hp cht. 2. K nng: - Tin hnh mt s th nghim n gin. - Rn luyn k nng gii bi tp v kim loi nhm. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc. Dng c, ho cht: ht nhm hoc l nhm, cc dung dch HCl, H2SO4 loang, NaOH, NH3, HgCl2. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Vit PTHH ca phn ng gii thch vic dng Na3PO4 lm mm nc c tnh cng ton phn. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1 I V TR TRONG BNG TUN HON, CU GV dng bng tun hon v cho HS xc nh HNH ELECTRON NGUYN T - s 13, nhm IIIA, chu k 3. vi tr ca Al trong bng tun hon. - Cu hnh electron: 1s22s22p63s23p1 hay [Ne]3s23p1 HS vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca Al, - De nhng c 3 electron ho tr nn c s oxi ho suy ra tnh kh mnh v ch c s oxi ho duy +3 trong cc hp cht. nht l +3. II TNH CHT VT L HS t nghin cu SGK bit c cc tnh cht - Mu trng bc, tnc = 6600C, kh mm, de ko si, vt l ca kim loi Al de dt mng. - L kim loi nh (d = 2,7g/cm3), dn in tt v dn nhit tt. Hot ng 2 III TNH CHT HO HC HS: Cho bit v tr cp oxi ha kh ca nhm Nhm l kim loi c tnh kh mnh, ch sau kim loi trong day in ha, t xc nh tnh cht ha kim v kim loi kim th, nn de b oxi ho thnh ion dng. hc ca Al. Al Al3+ + 3e GV biu dien th nghim Al mc lng t. HS 1. Tc dng vi phi kim quan st hin tng xy ra v vit PTHH ca a) Tc dng vi halogen phn ng. 2Al + 3Cl2 2AlCl3 b) Tc dng vi oxi GV ?: V sao cc vt dng lm bng Al li rt t0 bn vng trong khng kh nhit thng ? 4Al + 3O 2Al2O3 2 Al bn trong khng kh nhit thng do c lp mng oxit Al2O3 rt mng bo v. 2. Tc dng vi axit - GV lm th nghim vi oxi, axit HCl, H2SO4, Kh de dng ion H+ trong dung dch HCl v HNO3. H2SO4 loang H2 - HS quan st gii thch hin tng v vit 2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2 phng trnh phn ng. Tc dng mnh vi dung dch HNO3 loang, HNO3 - Vi axit HCl, H2SO4l. th Al kh ion no ? c, nng v H2SO4 c, nng. Sn phm ?

Tie t 46

NHOM VA HP CHAT CUA NHOM

GV: Mai Vn t - Vi axit HNO3, H2SO4th Al kh ion no ? V sao ? - Trng hp vi axit HNO3, H2SO4 ngui th phn ng cho sn phm g ? V sao ?

Trng THPT L Th Hiu


Al + 4HNO (loang) Al(NO3)3 +NO +2H2O 3
2Al + 6HSO4 (ac) Al2(SO4)3 +3SO2 +6H2O 2
t0

t0

Nhm b th ng ho bi dung dch HNO3 c, ngui hoc H2SO4 c ngui. 3. Tc dng vi oxit kim loi
2Al + FeO3 2
t0

HS vit PTHH ca phn ng.

Al2O3 +2Fe

4. Tc dng vi nc HS nghin cu SGK bit c phn ng ca - Ph b lp oxit trn b mt Al (hoc to thnh hon hng Al-Hg th Al se phn ng vi nc nit Al vi nc xy ra trong iu kin no. thng) GV ?: V sao cc vt lm bng Al li rt bn 2Al + 6H2O 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2 vng vi nc ? - Nhm khng phn ng vi nc d nhit cao l v trn b mt ca nhm c ph kn mt lp Al2O3 rt mng, bn v mn, khng cho nc v kh thm qua. 5. Tc dng vi dung dch kim GV gii thiu v dn dt HS vit PTHH ca - Trc ht, lp bo v Al2O3 b ho tan trong dung phn ng xy ra khi cho kim loi Al tc dng vi dch kim: dung dch kim. Al2O3 + 2NaOH 2NaAlO2 + H2O (1) - Al kh nc: 2Al + 6H2O 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2 (2) - Lp bo v Al(OH)3 b ho tan trong dung dch kim Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + 2H2O (3) Cc phn ng (2) v (3) xy ra xen ke nhau cho n kh nhm b ho tan ht. 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O 2NaAlO2 + 3H2 V. CNG C: Tnh cht ha hc ca nhm l g? Ly cc phn ng khc minh ha. VI. DN D: Xem trc phn cn li ca bi: NHM V HP CHT CA NHM.

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu Ngy son:............/............

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: ng dng v trng thi thin nhin ca Al. HS hiu: C s khoa hc ca phng php iu ch kim loi Al. 2. K nng: Vit c cc qu trnh oxi ho kh xy ra trn b mt cc in cc trong qu trnh sn xut nhm. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: S thng in phn Al2O3 nng chy. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca nhm l g ? Dn ra cc PTHH minh ho. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1 IV. NG DNG V TRNG THI THIN NHIN HS trnh by cc ng dng quan trng ca Al v 1. ng dng - Dng lm vt liu ch to t, my bay, tn la, cho bit nhng ng dng da trn nhng tnh tu vu tr. cht vt l no ca nhm. - Dng trong xy dng nh ca, trang tr ni tht. GV b sung thm mt s ng dng khc ca - Dng lm dy dn in, dng lm dng c nh nhm. bp. - Hon hp tecmit (Al + FexOy) thc hin phn ng nhit nhm dng hn ng ray. HS nghin cu SGK bit c trng thi thin 2. Trng thi thin nhin t st (Al2O3.2SiO2.2H2O), mica nhin ca Al. (K2O.Al2O3.6SiO2), boxit (Al2O3.2H2O), criolit (3NaF.AlF3),... Hot ng 2 V. SN XUT NHM Trong cng nghip, nhm c sn xut bng HS nghin cu SGK bit Al trong cng phng php in phn Al2O3 nng chy. nghip c sn xut theo phng php no. GV ?: V sao trong cng nghip sn xut Al ngi ta li s dng phng php in phn nng chy m khng s dng cc phng php khc ? 1. Nguyn liu: Qung boxit Al2O3.2H2O c lan GV ?: Nguyn liu c s dng sn xut Al tp cht l Fe2O3 v SiO2. Loi b tp cht bng l g ? Nc ta c sn ngun nguyn liu hay phng php ho hc Al2O3 gn nh nguyn khng ? cht. 2. in phn nhm oxit nng chy HS nghin cu SGK bit v sao phi ho tan Chun b cht in li nng chy: Ho tan Al2O3 Al2O3 trong criolit nng chy ? Vic lm ny nhm trong criolit nng chy nhm h nhit nng chy mc ch g ? ca hon hp xung 9000 C v dn in tt, khi GV gii thiu s in phn Al2O3 nng chy. lng ring nh. Qu trnh in phn Al2O3 t 2Al3+ + 3O2K (-) Al2O3 (nog cha) n y A (+ ) Al 3+ O2Al3+ +3e Al 2O2- O2 +4e
o

Phng trnh ien phan: O3 2Al2 4Al +3O2 GV ?: V sao sau mt thi gian in phn, ngi Kh oxi nhit cao a t chy cc dng l

Tie t 47

NHOM VA HP CHAT CUA NHOM (tt)

pnc

GV: Mai Vn t ta phi thay th in cc dng ?

Trng THPT L Th Hiu cacbon, sinh ra hon hp kh CO v CO2. Do vy trong qu trnh in phn phi h thp dn dn cc dng.

V. CNG C: 1. Mc ch ca vic chun b cht in li nng chy l g ? 2. Cc qu trnh xy ra trn cc in cc trong qu trnh sn xut nhm ? Phng trnh phn ng ? VI. DN D: Xem trc phn cn li ca bi: NHM V HP CHT CA NHM.

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu Ngy son:............/............

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: HS bit tnh cht v ng dng ca mt s hp cht ca nhm. 2. K nng: Tin hnh c mt s th nghim v hp cht quan trong ca nhm v gii c mt s bi tp lin quan n tnh cht hp cht ca nhm. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: Cc ho cht v dng c th nghim c lin quan. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Trnh by cc giai on sn xut nhm. Vit phng trnh phn ng minh ho. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC I NHM OXIT Hot ng 1 1. Tnh cht HS nghin cu SGK bit c mt s tnh Tnh cht vt l: Cht rn, mu trng, khng tan cht vt l ca nhm oxit. trong nc v khng tc dng vi nc, tnc > 20500C. Tnh cht ho hc: L oxit lng tnh. * Tc dng vi dung dch axit HS vit phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng Al2O3 + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2O chng minh Al2O3 l hp cht lng tnh. Al2O3 + 6H+ 2Al3+ + 3H2O * Tc dng vi dung dch kim Al2O3 + 2NaOH 2NaAlO2 + H2O natri aluminat Al2O3 + 2OH 2AlO2 + H2O 2. ng dng: Nhm oxit tn ti di dng ngm nc v dng khan. Dng ngm nc l thnh phn ca yu ca qung HS nghin cu SGK bit c mt s ng boxit (Al2O3.2H2O) dng sn xut nhm. dng ca nhm oxit. Dng oxit khan, c cu to tinh th qu, hay gp l: - Corinon: Dng tinh th trong sut, khng mu, rt rn, c dng ch to mi, giy nhm,... - Trong tinh th Al2O3, nu mt s ion Al3+ c thay bng ion Cr3+ ta c hng ngc dng lm trang sc, chn knh ng h, dng trong k thut laze. - Tinh th Al2O3 c lan tp cht Fe2+, Fe3+ v Ti4+ ta c saphia dng lm trang sc. - Bt nhm oxit dng trong cng nghip sn xut cht xc tc cho tng hp hu c. Hot ng 2 II. NHM HIROXIT HS biu dien th nghim iu ch Al(OH)3, Tnh cht vt l: Cht rn, mu trng, kt ta sau cho HS quan st Al(OH)3 va iu ch dng keo. c. HS nhn xt v trng thi, mu sc ca Tnh cht ho hc: L hiroxit lng tnh. Al(OH)3. * Tc dng vi dung dch axit Al(OH)3 + 3HCl AlCl3 + 3H2O GV biu dien th nghim ho tan Al(OH)3 Al(OH)3 + 3H+ Al3+ + 3H2O trong dung dch HCl v dung dch NaOH. * Tc dng vi dung dch kim

Tie t 48

NHOM VA HP CHAT CUA NHOM (tt)

GV: Mai Vn t HS quan st hin tng xy ra, vit phng trnh phn t v phng trnh ion ca phn ng.

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + 2H2O natri aluminat Al(OH)3 + OH AlO2 + 2H2O III NHM SUNFAT Hot ng 3: HS nghin cu SGK bit c - Mui nhm sunfat khan tan trong nc vlm dung mt s ng dng quan trng ca nhm sunfat. dch nng ln do b hirat ho. - Phn chua: K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O hay KAl(SO4)2.12H2O c dng trong ngnh thuc da, cng nghip giy, cht cm mu trong cng nghip nhum vi, cht lm trong nc,... - Phn nhm: M2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O (M+ l Na+; Li+, NH4+) IV CCH NHN BIT ION Al3+ TRONG DUNG GV ?: Trn s s tnh cht ca mt s hp cht DCH ca nhm, theo em chng minh s c mt ca Cho t t dung dch NaOH vo dung dch th nghim, ion Al3+ trong mt dung dch no th ta c th nu thy kt ta keo xut hin ri tan trong NaOH d lm nh th no ? c ion Al3+. Al3+ + 3OH Al(OH)3 Al(OH)3 + OH (d) AlO2 + 2H2O V. CNG C: 1. Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng thc hin day chuyn i sau:
Al2O3 Al AlCl3 Al(OH) NaAlO2 Al(OH) Al 3 3 2. C 2 l khng nhan ng dung dch AlCl3 v dung dch NaOH. Khng dng thm cht no khc, lm th no nhn bit moi ho cht ? 3. Pht biu no di y l ng ? A. Nhm l mt kim loi lng tnh. B. Al(OH)3 l mt baz lng tnh. C. Al2O3 l oxit trung tnh. D. Al(OH)3 l mt hiroxit lng tnh. 4. Trong nhng cht sau, cht no khng c tnh lng tnh ? A. Al(OH)3 B. Al2O3 C. ZnSO4 D. NaHCO3 5. C 4 mu bt kim loi l Na, Al, Ca, Fe. Ch dng nc lm thuc th th s kim loi c th phn bit c ti a l bao nhiu ? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 VI. DN D: XEM TRC BI LUYN TP: TNH CHT CA NHM V HP CHT CA NHM.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu Ngy son:............/............

LUYEN TAP: TNH CHAT CUA NHOM VA HP CHAT CUA NHOM.

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: Cng c h thng ho kin thc v nhm v hp cht ca nhm. 2. K nng: Rn luyn k nng gii bi tp v nhm v hp cht ca nhm. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc. Bng ph ghi mt s hng s vt l quan trng ca nhm. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng thc hin day chuyn i sau:
Al
(1)

3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR Hot ng 1 HS da vo kin thc a hc v Al, Al2O3 v Al(OH)3 chn p n ph hp.

10,8g p n B. Bi 4: Ch dng thm mt ho cht hy phn bit cc cht trong nhng day sau v vit phng trnh ho hc gii thch. Hot ng 4: HS vn dng nhng kin thc a a) cc kim loi: Al, Mg, Ca, Na. hc v nhm, cc hp cht ca nhm cung nh b) Cc dung dch: NaCl, CaCl2, AlCl3. tnh cht ca cc hp cht ca kim loi nhm IA, c) Cc cht bt: CaO, MgO, Al2O3. IIA gii quyt bi ton. Gii a) H2O b) dd Na2CO3 hoc dd NaOH c) H2O Hot ng 5: Bi 5: Vit phng trnh ho hc gii thch cc GV hng dn HS vit PTHH ca cc phn hin tng xy ra khi a) cho dung dch NH3 d vo dung dch AlCl3. ng xy ra. HS vit PTHH ca phn ng, nu hin tng b) cho t t dung dch NaOH n d vo dung dch

Tie t 49

AlCl3

(2)

Al(OH) 3

(3)

NaAlO2

(4)

Al(OH) 3

(5)

Al2O3

(6)

Al

NI DUNG KIN THC Bi 1: Nhm bn trong mi trng khng kh v nc l do A. nhm l kim loi km hot ng. B. c mng oxit Al2O3 bn vng bo v. C. c mng oxit Al(OH)3 bn vng bo v. D. Nhm c tnh th ng vi khng kh v nc. Hot ng 2 Bi 2: Nhm khng tan trong dung dch no sau y ? HS da vo kin thc a hc v Al chn p A. HCl B. H2SO4 C. NaHSO4 D. n ph hp. NH3 Bi 3: Cho 31,2 gam hon hp bt Al v Al2O3 tc Hot ng 3 dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c 13,44 lt H2 HS vit phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng, sau (kc). Khi lng moi cht trong hon hp ban u da vo phng trnh phn ndung dch tnh ln lt l lng kim loi Al c trong hon hp (theo p n A. 16,2g v 15g B. 10,8g v th ch cn tnh c khi lng ca mt trong 2 20,4g cht v khi lng ca moi cht 4 p n l C. 6,4g v 24,8g D. 11,2g v 20g khc nhau) Gii Al nAl =
3
2

H2

2 2 13,44 nH2 = . = 0,4 mol mAl = 0,4.27 = 3 3 22,4

GV: Mai Vn t xy ra.

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

AlCl3. c) cho t t dung dch Al2(SO4)3 vo dung dch NaOH v ngc li. d) sc t t kh n d kh CO2 vo dung dch NaAlO2. e) cho t t n d dung dch HCl vo dung dch NaAlO2. Bi 6: Hon hp X gm hai kim loi K v Al c khi lng 10,5g. Ho tan hon ton hon hp X trong nc thu c dung dch A. Thm t t dung dch HCl 1M vo dung dch A: lc u khng c kt ta, khi thm c 100 ml dung dch HCl 1M th bt u Hot ng 6: c kt ta. Tnh % s mol moi kim loi trong X. Gii GV t h thng cu hi pht vn: - Hon hp X c tan ht hay khng ? V sao hon Gi x v y ln lt l s mol ca K v Al. hp X li tan c trong nc ? 39x + 27y = 10,5 (a) - V sao khi thm dung dch HCl vo dung dch A 2K + 2H2O ? 2KOH + H2 (1) th ban u cha c kt ta xut hin, nhng sau x? x kt ta li xut hin ? 2Al + 2KOH + 2H2O ? 2KAlO2 + 3H2 (2) HS tr li cc cu hi v gii quyt bi ton y? y di s hng dn ca GV. Do X tan ht nn Al ht, KOH d sau phn ng (2). Khi thm HCl ban u cha c kt ta v: HCl + KOHd ? HCl + H2O (3) xy ?x y Khi HCl trung ho ht KOH d th bt u c kt ta. KAlO2 + HCl + H2O ? Al(OH)3 + KCl (4) Vy trung ho KOH d cn 100 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Ta c: nHCl = nKOH(d sau p (2)) = x y = 0,1.1 = 0,1 (b) T (a) v (b): x = 0,2, y = 0,1. %nK = 0,2 .100 = 66,67% %nAl = 33,33% V. CNG C: 1. Pht biu no sau y l ng khi ni v Al2O3 ? A. Al2O3 c sinh ra khi nhit phn mui Al(NO3)3. B. Al2O3 b kh bi CO nhit cao. C. Al2O3 tan c trong dung dch NH3. D. Al2O3 l oxit khng to mui. 2. C cc dung dch: KNO3, Cu(NO3)2, FeCl3, AlCl3, NH4Cl. Ch dng ho cht no sau y c th nhn bit c tt c cc dung dch trn ? A. dung dch NaOH d. B. dung dch AgNO3 C. dung dch Na2SO4 D. dung dch HCl 3. Ho tan hon ton m gam bt Al vo dung dch HNO3 d ch thu c 8,96 lt hon hp kh X gm NO v N2O (kc) c t l mol l 1:3. Gi tr ca m l A. 24,3 B. 42,3 C. 25,3 D. 25,7 4. Trn 24g Fe2O3 vi 10,8g Al ri nung nhit cao (khng c khng kh). Hon hp thu c sau phn ng em ho tan vo dung dch NaOH d thu c 5,376 lt kh (kc). Hiu sut ca phn ng nhit nhm l A. 12,5% B. 60% C. 80% D. 90% VI. DN D:
0 ,3

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

Ngy son:............/............

THC HANH: TNH CHAT CUA NATRI, MAGIE, NHOM VA HP CHAT CUA CHUNG

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: - Cng c kin thc a hc v tnh cht ho hc c trng ca natri, magie, nhm v hp cht quan trng ca chng. - Tin hnh mt s th nghim: + So snh phn ng ca Na, Mg, Al vi nc. + Al tc dng vi dung dch kim. + Al(OH)3 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, H2SO4 loang. 2. K nng: Rn luyn k nng lm th nghim thc hnh nh lm vic vi ho cht, vi dng c th nghim, k nng lm th nghim vi lng nh ho cht. 3. Thi : Nghim tc khi tip xc vi cc ho cht c hi. II. CHUN B: 1. Dng c: ng ngim + gi ng nghim + cc thu tinh + n cn. 2. Ho cht: Cc kim loi: Na, Mg, Al; cc dung dch: NaOH, AlCl3, NH3, phenolphtalein. III. PHNG PHP: HS tin hnh th nghim di s hng dn ca gio vin. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Khng kim tra. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1: Cng vic u bc thc hnh. - GV: Nu mc tiu, yu cu ca tit thc hnh, nhng lu cn thit, th d nh phn ng gia Na vi nc, khng c dng nhiu Na, dng ng nghim cha gn y nc. - GV c th tin hnh mt s tnh cht mu cho HS quan st. Hot ng 2 Th nghim 1: So snh kh nng phn ng ca Na, - Thc hin th nghim nh SGK. Mg, Al vi H2O. - GV hng dn HS lm th nghim, quan st hin tng xy ra. Hot ng 3 Th nghim 2: Nhm tc dng vi dung dch kim. - Thc hin th nghim nh SGK. - GV hng dn HS lm th nghim, quan st hin tng xy ra. Hot ng 4 Th nghim 3: Tnh cht lng tnh ca Al(OH)3. - Thc hin th nghim nh SGK. - GV hng dn HS lm th nghim, quan st hin tng xy ra. Hot ng 5: Cng vic sau bui thc hnh. - GV: Nhn xt, nh gi bui thc hnh, yu cu HS vit tng trnh. - HS: Thu dn ho cht, v sinh PTN. V. CNG C: VI. DN D: Tit sau kim tra vit.

Tie t 50

GV: Mai Vn t CHNG 7:


Tie t 52

Trng THPT L Th Hiu Ngy son:............/............ ST V MT S KIM LOI QUAN TRNG

SAT

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: Gip HS bit - V tr, cu to nguyn t ca st. - Tnh cht vt l v ho hc ca st. 2. K nng: - Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng minh ho tnh cht ho hc ca st. - Gii c cc bi tp v st. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: - Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc. - Dng c, ho cht: bnh kh O2 v bnh kh Cl2 (iu ch trc), dy st, inh st, dung dch H2SO4 loang, dung dch CuSO4, ng nghim, n cn, gi th nghim, kp st, III. PHNG PHP: m thoi + dien ging + th nghim trc quan. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Khng kim tra. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1 I V TR TRONG BNG TUN HON, CU - GV dng bng HTTH v yu cu HS xc nh HNH ELECTRON NGUYN T v tr ca Fe trong bng tun hon. - th 26, nhm VIIIB, chu k 4. - HS vit cu hnh electron ca Fe, Fe2+, Fe3+; suy - Cu hnh electron: 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2 hay ra tnh cht ho hc c bn ca st. [Ar]3d64s2 St de nhng 2 electron phn lp 4s tr thnh ion Fe2+ v c th nhng thm 1 electron phn lp 3d tr thnh ion Fe3+. II TNH CHT VT L: L kim loi mu trng hi - HS nghin cu SGK bit c nhng tnh xm, c khi lng ring ln (d = 8,9 g/cm3), nng cht vt l c bn ca st. chy 15400C. St c tnh dn in, dn nhit tt v c tnh nhiem t. Hot ng 2 III TNH CHT HO HC - HS a bit c tnh cht ho hc c bn ca C tnh kh trung bnh. st nn GV yu cu HS xc nh xem khi no th Vi cht oxi ho yu: Fe Fe2+ + 2e st th oxi ho thnh Fe2+, khi no th b oxi ho Vi cht oxi ho mnh: Fe Fe3+ + 3e 3+ thnh Fe ? - HS tm cc th d minh ho cho tnh cht ho 1. Tc dng vi phi kim hc c bn ca st. a) Tc dng vi lu hunh - GV biu dien cc th nghim: + Fe chy trong kh O2. + Fe chy trong kh Cl2.
Fe + S b) Tc dng vi oxi
3Fe + 2O2
0 0

2 t0 + -2

FeS
+ 2 + 3

8/3 t0 + -2

Fe3O4 (FeO.Fe2O3)
t0

c) Tc dng vi clo
2Fe + 3Cl2
0 0

2FeCl 3

+ -1 3

+ Fe tc dng vi dung dch HCl v H2SO4 2. Tc dng vi dung dch axit loang. a) Vi dung dch HCl, H2SO4 loang 0 + 1 + 2 0 - HS quan st cc hin tng xy ra. Vit PTHH Fe + H 4 FeSO + H 2SO 4 2 ca phn ng.

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu b) Vi dung dch HNO3 v H2SO4 c, nng + 5 + 6 Fe kh N hoc S trong HNO3 hoc H2SO4 c, nng n s oxi ho thp hn, cn Fe b oxi ho +3 thnh Fe .
Fe + 4HNO(loang) Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O 3
0 + 5 + 3 + 2

- GV yu cu HS hon thnh cc PTHH: + Fe + HNO3 (l) + Fe + HNO3 () + Fe + H2SO4 ()

- HS vit PTHH ca phn ng: Fe + CuSO4

Fe b th ng bi cc axit HNO3 c, ngui hoc H2SO4 c, ngui. 3. Tc dng vi dung dch mui
Fe + CuSO 4
0 + 2

FeSO4 + Cu

+ 2

4. Tc dng vi nc - HS nghin cu SGK bit c iu kin phn ng gia Fe v H2O xy ra.


3Fe + 4H 2O Fe + H 2O
t0 <5700C t >570 C
0 0

Fe3O4 + 4H2 FeO + H2

IV TRNG THI THIN NHIN Hot ng 3 - Chim khong 5% khi lng v tri t, ng - HS nghin cu SGK bit c trng thi thin hng th hai trong cc kim loi (sau Al). nhin ca st. - Trong t nhin st ch yu tn ti di dng hp cht c trong cc qung: qung manhetit (Fe3O4), qung hematit (Fe2O3), qung hematit nu (Fe2O3.nH2O), qung xierit (FeCO3), qung pirit (FeS2). - C trong hemoglobin (huyt cu t) ca mu. - C trong cc thin thch. V. CNG C: 1. Cc kim loi no sau y u phn ng vi dung dch CuSO4 ? A. Na, Mg, Ag. B. Fe, Na, Mg C. Ba, Mg, Hg. D. Na, Ba, Ag 3+ 2. Cu hnh electron no sau y l ca ion Fe ? A. [Ar]3d6 B. [Ar]3d5 C. [Ar]3d4 D. [Ar]3d3 3. Cho 2,52g mt kim loi tc dng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 loang, thu c 6,84g mui sunfat. Kim loi l A. Mg B. Zn C. Fe D. Al 4. Ngm mt l kim loi c khi lng 50g trong dung dch HCl. Sau khi thu c 336 ml H2 (kc) thi khi lng l kim loi gim 1,68%. Kim loi l A. Zn B. Fe C. Al D. Ni VI. DN D: 1. Bi tp v nh: 1 5 trang 141 (SGK) 2. Xem trc bi HP CHT CA ST

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

Ngy son:............/............
Tie t 53

HP CHAT CUA SAT

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca hp cht st (II) v hp cht st (III). - Cch iu ch Fe(OH)2 v Fe(OH)3. HS hiu: Nguyn nhn tnh kh ca hp cht st (II) v tnh oxi ho ca hp cht st (III). 2. K nng: - T cu to nguyn t, phn t v mc oxi ho suy ra tnh cht. - Gii c cc bi tp v hp cht ca st. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: inh st, mu dy ng, dung dch HCl, dung dch NaOH, dung dch FeCl3. III. PHNG PHP: m thoi + dien ging + th nghim trc quan. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca st l g ? Dn ra cc PTHH minh ho. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1: I HP CHT ST (II) - GV ?: Em hy cho bit tnh cht ho hc c bn Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca hp cht st (II) l tnh ca hp cht st (II) l g ? V sao ? kh. Fe2+ Fe3+ + 1e 1. St (II) oxit - HS nghin cu tnh cht vt l ca st (II) oxit. a. Tnh cht vt l: (SGK) - HS vit PTHH ca phn ng biu dien tnh kh b. Tnh cht ho hc + 2 + 5 + 3 + 2 t0 ca FeO. - GV gii thiu cch iu ch FeO.
3FeO + 10H+ + NO 3 c. iu ch

3FeO + 10HNO 3 (loang) 3Fe(NO3)3 +NO +5H2O

3Fe3+ + NO + 5H2O
t0

Fe2O3 + CO

2FeO +CO2

- HS nghin cu tnh cht vt l ca st (II) hiroxit. - GV biu dien th nghim iu ch Fe(OH)2.

2. St (II) hiroxit a. Tnh cht vt l : (SGK) b. Tnh cht ho hc Th nghim: Cho dung dch FeCl2 + dung dch NaOH

GV: Mai Vn t - HS quan st hin tng xy ra v gii thch v sao kt ta thu c c mu trng xanh ri chuyn dn sang mu nu .

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

FeCl2 + 2NaOH Fe(OH)2 + 2NaCl 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O 4Fe(OH)3 c. iu ch: iu ch trong iu kin khng c khng kh. 3. Mui st (II) - HS nghin cu tnh cht vt l ca mui st (II). a. Tnh cht vt l : a s cc mui st (II) tan trong nc, khi kt tinh thng dng ngm nc. Th d: FeSO4.7H2O; FeCl2.4H2O - HS ly th d minh ho cho tnh cht ho hc b. Tnh cht ho hc + 2 0 + -1 3 ca hp cht st (II). 2FeCl + Cl 2FeCl
2 2 3

- GV gii thiu phng php iu ch mui st (II). - GV ?: V sao dung dch mui st (II) iu ch c phi dng ngay ? Hot ng 2 - GV ?: Tnh cht ho hc chung ca hp cht st (III) l g ? V sao ? - HS nghin cu tnh cht vt l ca Fe2O3. - HS vit PTHH ca phn ng chng minh Fe2O3 l mt oxit baz.

c. iu ch: Cho Fe (hoc FeO; Fe(OH)2) tc dng vi HCl hoc H2SO4 loang. Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2 FeO + H2SO4 FeSO4 + H2O Dung dch mui st (II) iu ch c phi dng ngay v trong khng kh se chuyn dn thnh mui st (III). II HP CHT ST (III) Tnh cht ho hc c trng ca hp cht st (III) l tnh oxi ho. Fe3+ + 1e Fe2+ Fe3+ + 2e Fe 1. St (III) oxit a. Tnh cht vt l: (SGK) b. Tnh cht ho hc Fe2O3 l oxit baz Fe2O3 + 6HCl 2FeCl3 + 3H2O Fe2O3 + 6H+ 2Fe3+ + 3H2O Tc dng vi CO, H2
Fe2O3 + 3CO
t0

2Fe +3CO2

- GV gii thiu phn ng nhit phn Fe(OH)3 c. iu ch t0 iu ch Fe2O3. 2Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3 + 3HO 2 Fe3O3 c trong t nhin di dng qung hematit dng luyn gang. 2. St (III) hiroxit - HS tm hiu tnh cht vt l ca Fe(OH)3 trong Fe(OH)3 l cht rn, mu nu , khng tan trong SGK. nc, de tan trong dung dch axit to thnh dung dch mui st (III). 2Fe(OH)3 + 3H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + 6H2O - GV ?: Chng ta c th iu ch Fe(OH)3bng iu ch: dung dch kim + dung dch mui st phn ng ho hc no ? (III). FeCl3 + 3NaOH Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl 3. Mui st (III) - HS nghin cu tnh cht vt l ca mui st (III). a s cc mui st (III) tan trong nc, khi kt tinh thng dng ngm nc. - GV biu dien th nghim: Th d: FeCl3.6H2O; Fe2(SO4)3.9H2O + Fe + dung dch FeCl3. Mui st (III) c tnh oxi ho, de b kh thnh + Cu + dung dch FeCl3. mui st (II) 0 + 3 + 2 - HS quan st hin tng xy ra. Vit PTHH ca Fe + 2FeCl 3FeCl2 3 phn ng. 0 + 3 + 2 + 2
Cu + 2FeCl 3 CuCl2 +2FeCl2

V. CNG C: 1. Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng trong qu trnh chuyn i sau:

GV: Mai Vn t
FeS 2
(1)

Trng THPT L Th Hiu


Fe2O3
(2)

FeCl 3

(3)

Fe(OH) 3

(4)

Fe2O3

(5)

FeO

(6)

FeSO 4

(7)

Fe

2. Cho Fe tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 loang thu c V lt H2 (kc), dung dch thu c cho bay hi c tinh th FeSO4.7H2O c khi lng l 55,6g. Th tch kh H2 a gii phng l A. 8,19 B. 7,33 C. 4,48 D. 3,23 3. Kh hon ton 16g Fe2O3 bng kh CO nhit cao. Khi i ra sau phn ng c dn vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d. Khi lng (g) kt ta thu c l A. 15 B. 20 C. 25 D. 30 VI. DN D: 1. Bi tp v nh: 1 5 trang 145 (SGK) 2. Xem trc bi HP KIM CA ST

Ngy son:............/............
Tie t 54

HP KIM CUA SAT

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: HS bit - Thnh phn, tnh cht v ng dng ca gang, thp. - Nguyn tc v quy trnh sn xut gang, thp. 2. K nng: Gii cc bi tp lin quan n gang, thp. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: inh st, mu dy ng, dung dch HCl, dung dch NaOH, dung dch FeCl3. III. PHNG PHP: m thoi + dien ging + th nghim trc quan. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca hp cht st (II) v st (III) l g ? Dn ra cc PTHH minh ho. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1 I GANG 1. Khi nim: Gang l hp kim ca st v cacbon GV t h thng cu hi: trong c t 2 5% khi lng cacbon, ngoi ra - Gang l g ? cn c mt lng nh cc nguyn t Si, Mn, S, 2. Phn loi: C 2 loi gang a) Gang xm: Cha cacbon dng than ch. - C my loi gang ? Gangms c dng c b my, ng dn nc, GV b sung, sa cha nhng ch cha chnh cnh ca, xc trong nh ngha v phn loi v gang ca HS. b) Gang trng - Gang trng cha t cacbon hn v ch yu dng xementit (Fe3C). - Gang trng (c mu sng hn gang xm) c dng luyn thp. Hot ng 2 3. Sn xut gang a) Nguyn tc: Kh qung st oxit bng than cc GV nu nguyn tc sn xut gang. trong l cao. GV thng bo cc qung st thng dung b) Nguyn liu: Qung st oxit (thng l hematit sn xut gang l: hematit (Fe2O3), hematit nu Fe2O3), than cc v cht chy (CaCO3 hoc SiO2). (Fe2O3.nH2O) v manhetit (Fe3O4). c) Cc phn ng ho hc xy ra trong qu trnh

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu luyn qung thnh gang Phn ng to cht kh CO

t0 GV dng hnh v 7.2 trang 148 gii thiu v C +O2 CO2 cc phn ng ho hc xy ra trong l cao. 0 t CO2 +C 2CO HS vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra trong l cao. Phn ng kh oxit st - Phn trn thn l (4000C)

3Fe2O3 +CO
Fe3O4 +CO FeO +CO

t0

2Fe O4 + CO 3 2
3FeO + CO 2 Fe + CO 2

- Phn gia thn l (500 6000C)


t0

- Phn di thn l (700 8000C)


t0

GV t h thng cu hi: - Thp l g ?

- C my loi thp ? GV b sung, sa cha nhng ch cha chnh xc trong nh ngha v phn loi v thp ca HS v thng bo thm: Hin nay c ti 8000 chng loi thp khc nhau. Hng nm trn th gii tiu th c 1 t tn gang thp.

GV nu nguyn tc ca vic sn xut thp.

GV dng s gii thiu cc phng php luyn thp, phn tch u v nhc im ca moi phng php. GV cung cp thm cho HS: Khu lin hp gang thp Thi Nguyn c 3 l luyn gang, 2 l Maccp-nhi-cp-tanh v mt s l in luyn thp. V. CNG C: 1. Nu nhng phn ng chnh xy ra trong l cao.

Phn ng to x (1000 C) CaCO3 CaO + CO2 CaO + SiO2 CaSiO3 d) S to thnh gang (SGK) II THP 1. Khi nim: Thp l hp kim ca st cha t 0,01 2% khi lng cacbon cng vi mt s nguyn t khc (Si, Mn, Cr, Ni,) 2. Phn loi a) Thp thng (thp cacbon) - Thp mm: Cha khng qu 0,1%C. Thp mm de gia cng, c dng kp si,, cn thnh thp l dng ch to cc vt dng trong i sng v xy dng nh ca. - Thp cng: Cha trn 0,9%C, c dng ch to cc cng c, cc chi tit my nh cc vng bi, v xe bc thp, b) Thp c bit: a thm vo mt s nguyn t lm cho thp c nhng tnh cht c bit. - Thp cha 13% Mn rt cng, c dng lm my nghin . - Thp cha khong 20% Cr v 10% Ni rt cng v khng g, c dng lm dng c gia nh (tha, dao, ), dng c y t. - Thp cha khong 18% W v 5% Cr rt cng, c dng ch to my ct, gt nh my phay, my nghin , 3. Sn xut thp a) Nguyn tc: Gim hm lng cc tp cht C, Si, S, Mn,c trong thnh phn gang bng cch oxi ho cc tp cht thnh oxit ri bin thnh x v tch khi thp. b) Cc phng php luyn gang thnh thp Phng php Bet-x-me Phng php Mac-tanh Phng php l in

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

2. Nu cc phng php luyn thp v u nhc im ca moi phng php. 3. Kh hon ton 17,6g hon hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4,Fe2O3 n Fe cn va 2,24 lt CO (kc). Khi lng st thu c l A. 15 B. 16 C. 17 D. 18 VI. DN D: 1. Bi tp v nh: 1 ? 6 trang 151 (SGK) 2. Xem trc bi LUYN TP: TNH CHT HO HC CA ST V HP CHT QUAN TRNG CA ST

Ngy son:............/............

LUYEN TAP: TNH CHAT HOA HOC CUA SAT VA HP CHAT QUAN TRONG CUA SAT

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: HS hiu: - V sao st thng c s oxi ho +2 v +3. - V sao tnh cht ho hc c bn ca hp cht st (II) l tnh kh, ca hp cht st (III) l tnh oxi ho. 2. K nng: Gii cc bi tp v hp cht ca st. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: Cc bi tp c lin quan n st v hp cht ca st. III. PHNG PHP: m thoi + dien ging + th nghim trc quan. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Nu nhng phn ng chnh xy ra trong l cao. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1: HS tr li cu hi. Bi 1: Vit cu hnh electron ca Fe, Fe2+ v Fe3+. T hy cho bit tnh cht ho hc c bn ca st l g ? Bi 2: Hon thnh cc PTHH ca phn ng theo s sau: (1) FeCl2 HS vn dng cc kin thc a hc Fe (2) (3) (4) (6) hon thnh PTHH ca cc phn ng theo s (5) FeCl3 bn. GV quan st, theo di, gip HS hon Gii thnh cc PTHH ca phn ng. (1) Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2 (2) FeCl2 + Mg MgCl2 + Fe (3) 2FeCl2 + Cl2 2FeCl3 (4) 2FeCl3 + Fe 3FeCl2 (5) 2FeCl3 + 3Mg 3MgCl2 + 2Fe (6) 2Fe + 3Cl2 2FeCl3 Bi 3: in CTHH ca cc cht vo nhng ch trng v lp cc PTHH sau: a) Fe + H2SO4 (c) SO2 + b) Fe + HNO3 (c) NO2 + c) Fe + HNO3 (loang) NO +

Tie t 55

GV: Mai Vn t Hot ng 2 HS da vo cc kin thc a hc hon thnh cc phn ng. GV lu HS phn ng (d) c nhiu phng trnh phn t nhng c cng chung phng trnh ion thu gn. GV t cu hi: Cc kim loi trong moi cp c s ging v khc nhau nh th no v mt tnh cht ho hc ? HS phn bit moi cp kim loi da vo tnh cht ho hc c bn ca chng. d) FeS + HNO3

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

NO + Fe2(SO4)3 +
Gii

a) 2Fe + 6H2SO4 (c) Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O b) Fe + 6HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O c) Fe + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O d) FeS + HNO3 Fe2(SO4)3 + NO + Fe(NO3)3 + H2O Bi 4: Bng phng php ho hc, hy phn bit 3 mu hp kim sau: Al Fe, Al Cu v Cu Fe. Gii Cho 3 mu hp kim trn tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, mu no khng thy si bt kh l mu Cu Fe. Cho 2 mu cn li vo dung dch HCl d, mu no tan ht l mu Al Fe, mu no khng tan ht l mu Al Cu. Bi 5: Mt hon hp bt gm Al, Fe, Cu. Hy trnh by phng php ho hc tch ring tng kim loi t hon hp . Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng. Gii
Al, Fe, Cu
dd HCl d

HS da vo tnh cht ho hc c trng ring bit ca moi kim loi hon thnh s tch. Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra trong qu trnh tch.

Cu

AlCl3, FeCl, HCl d 2


NaOH d

O2 + H2O t0 t0

Fe(OH) 2 Fe(OH) 3 Fe2O3


CO t0

NaAlO , NaOHd 2
CO2 d

Al(OH) 3
t0

Al2O3
pnc

Fe

Al

Hot ng 3: HS t gii quyt bi ton.

Bi 6: Cho mt t bt Fe nguyn cht tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 loang thu c 560 ml mt cht kh (kc). Nu cho mt lng gp i bt st ni trn tc dng ht vi dung dch CuSO4 d th thu c mt cht rn. Tnh khi lng ca st a dng trong hai trng hp trn v khi lng cht rn thu c. Gii Fe + dung dch H2SO4 loang: nFe = nH2 = 0,025 (mol) mFe = 0,025.56 = 1,4g Fe + dung dch CuSO4 nFe = 0,025.2 = 0,05 (mol) mFe = 0,05.56 = 2,8g Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu nFe = nCu = 0,05.64 = 3,2g

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu Bi 7: Bit 2,3g hon hp gm MgO, CuO v FeO tc dng va vi 100 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,2M. Khi lng mui thu c l A. 3,6g B. 3,7gC. 3,8gD. 3,9g Gii nH2SO4 = 0,02 (mol) mmui = 2,3 + 0,02(96 16) = 3,9g

HS t gii quyt bi ton.

HS t gii quyt bi ton.

Bi 8: Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t X c tng s ht proton, ntron v electron l 82, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 22. Nguyn t X l A. Fe B. Br C. P D. Cr Gii

+ 2 Z N= 8 2 Z = 26 Fe 2 Z N= 2 2
V. CNG C: Trong tit luyn tp VI. DN D: Xem trc bi CROM V HP CHT CA CROM

Ngy son:............/............
Tie t 56

CROM VA HP CHAT CUA CROM

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - V tr, cu to nguyn t, tnh cht ca crom. - Tnh cht ca cc hp cht ca crom. 2. K nng: Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng biu dien tnh cht ho hc ca crom v hp cht ca crom. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: - Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc. - Dng c, ho cht: Chn s, gi th nghim, kp ng nghim, n cn. - Tinh th K2Cr2O7, dung dch CrCl3, dung dch HCl, dung dch NaOH, tinh th (NH4)2Cr2O7 III. PHNG PHP: m thoi + dien ging + th nghim trc quan. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Khng kim tra. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1 I V TR TRONG BNG TUN HON, CU HNH ELECTRON NGUYN T GV dng bng tun hon v yu cu HS xc - 24, nhm VIB, chu k 4. nh v tr ca Cr trong bng tun hon. - Cu hnh electron: 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1 hay HS vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca Cr.

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu [Ar]3d54s1. II TNH CHT VT L - Crom l kim loi mu trng bc, c khi lng ring ln (d = 7,2g/cm3), t0nc = 18900C. - L kim loi cng nht, c th rch c thu tinh. III TNH CHT HO HC - L kim loi c tnh kh mnh hn st. - Trong cc hp cht crom c s oxi ho t +1 +6 (hay gp +2, +3 v +6). 1. Tc dng vi phi kim
4Cr + 3O 2 2Cr + 3Cl 2
t0 t
0

HS nghin cu tnh cht vt l ca Cr trong SGK theo s hng dn ca GV. Hot ng 2 GV gii thiu v tnh kh ca kim loi Cr so vi Fe v cc mc oxi ho hay gp ca crom. HS vit PTHH ca cc phn ng gia kim loi Cr vi cc phi kim O2, Cl2, S

2Cr2O3 2CrCl3 Cr2S3

2Cr + 3S

t0

HS nghin cu SGK tr li cu hi sau: V sao Cr li bn vng vi nc v khng kh ? HS vit PTHH ca cc phn ng gia kim loi Cr vi cc axit HCl v H2SO4 loang.

Hot ng 3 HS nghin cu SGK tm hiu tnh cht vt l ca Cr2O3.

HS dn ra cc PTHH chng minh Cr 2O3 th hin tnh cht lng tnh. HS nghin cu SGK bit tnh cht vt l ca Cr(OH)3.

GV ?: V sao hp cht Cr3+ va th hin tnh kh, va th hin tnh oxi ho ? HS dn ra cc PTHH minh ho cho tnh cht ca hp cht Cr3+.

HS nghin cu SGK bit c tnh cht vt l ca CrO3. HS vit PTHH ca phn ng gia CrO3 vi H2O.

2. Tc dng vi nc Cr bn vi nc v khng kh do c lp mng oxit rt mng, bn bo v m crom ln st bo v st v dng Cr ch to thp khng g. 3. Tc dng vi axit Cr + 2HCl CrCl2 + H2 Cr + H2SO4 CrSO4 + H2 Cr khng tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 hoc H2SO4 c, ngui. IV HP CHT CA CROM 1. Hp cht crom (III) a) Crom (III) oxit Cr2O3 Cr2O3 l cht rn, mu lc thm, khng tan trong nc. Cr2O3 l oxit lng tnh Cr2O3 + 2NaOH (c) 2NaCrO2 + H2O Cr2O3 + 6HCl 2CrCl3 + 3H2 b) Crom (III) hiroxit Cr(OH)3 Cr(OH)3 l cht rn, mu lc xm, khng tan trong nc. Cr(OH)3 l mt hiroxit lng tnh Cr(OH)3 + NaOH NaCrO2 + 2H2O Cr(OH)3+ 3HCl CrCl3 + 3H2O Tnh kh v tnh oxi ho: Do c s oxi ho trung gian nn trong dung dch va c tnh oxi ho (mi trng axit) va c tnh kh (trong mi trng baz) 2CrCl3 + Zn 2CrCl2 + ZnCl2 2Cr3+ + Zn 2Cr2+ + Zn2+ 2NaCrO2 + 3Br2 + 8NaOH 2Na2CrO4 + 6NaBr + 4H2O - 2CrO2 + 3Br2 + 8OH 2CrO 2 + 6Br- + 4H2O 4 2. Hp cht crom (VI) a) Crom (VI) oxit CrO3 CrO3 l cht rn mu tham. L mt oxit axit CrO3 + H2O H2CrO4 (axit cromic) 2CrO3 + H2O H2Cr2O7 (axit icromic) C tnh oxi ho mnh: Mt s cht hu c v v c (S, P, C, C2H5OH) bc chy khi tip xc vi CrO3.

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

b) Mui crom (VI) L nhng hp cht bn. HS nghin cu SGK vit PTHH ca phn - Na2CrO4 v K2CrO4 c mu vng (mu ca ion ng gia K2Cr2O7 vi FeSO4 trong mi trng CrO 2 ) 4 axit. - Na2Cr2O7 v K2Cr2O7 c mu da cam (mu ca ion C 2O2 ) r 7 Cc mui cromat v icromat c tnh oxi ho mnh.
K 2Cr2O7 + 6FeSO+ 7HSO4 4 2 3Fe2(SO4)3 +Cr2(SO4)3 +K 2SO4 +7H2O
r Trong dung dch ca ion C 2O7 lun c c ion 2 CrO 4 trng thi cn bng vi nhau: Cr O2- + H O 2CrO2- +2H+
2 7 2 4
2

+ 6

+ 2

+ 3

+ 3

V. CNG C: 1. Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng trong qu trnh chuyn ho sau:


Cr
(1)

Cr2O3

(2)

Cr2(SO4)3

(3)

Cr(OH) 3

(4)

Cr2O3

2. Khi un nng 2 mol natri icromat ngi ta thu c 48g O2 v 1 mol Cr2O3. Hy vit phng trnh phn ng v xem natri icromat a b nhit phn hon ton cha ? VI. DN D: Xem trc bi NG V HP CHT CA NG

Ngy son:............/............
Tie t 57

ONG VA HP CHAT CUA ONG

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - V tr, cu hnh electron nguyn t tnh cht vt l. - Tnh cht v ng dng cc hp cht ca ng. 2. K nng: Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng dng phn t v ion thu gn minh ho tnh cht ho hc ca ng. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: ng mnh (hoc dy ng), dd H2SO4 loang, dd H2SO4 c, dd HNO3 loang, dd NaOH, dd CuSO4, n cn, bng tun hon. III. PHNG PHP: m thoi + dien ging + th nghim trc quan. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Vi?t PTHH ca cc phn ng trong qu trnh chuyn ho sau:
Cr
(1)

Cr2O3

(2)

Cr2(SO4)3

(3)

Cr(OH) 3

(4)

Cr2O3

3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR Hot ng 1 GV dng bng tun hon v yu cu HS xc

NI DUNG KIN THC I V TR TRONG BNG TUN HON, CU HNH ELECTRON NGUYN T - th 29, nhm IB, chu k 4.

GV: Mai Vn t nh v tr ca Cu trong bng tun hon. HS vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca Cu. T cu hnh electron em hy d on v cc mc oxi ho c th c ca Cu.

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

- Cu hnh electron: 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1 hay [Ar]3d104s1 Trong cc phn ng ho hc, Cu de nhng electron lp ngoi cng v electron ca phn lp 3d Cu Cu+ + 1e Cu Cu2+ + 2e trong cc hp cht, ng c s oxi ho l +1 v +2. II TNH CHT VT L HS nghin cu SGK tm hiu tnh cht vt l L kim loi mu , khi lng ring ln (d = 8,98g/cm3), tnc = 10830C. ng tinh khit tng i ca kim loi Cu. mm, de ko di v dt mng, dn nhit v dn in tt, ch km bc v hn hn cc kim loi khc. III TNH CHT HO HC: L kim loi km hot ng, c tnh kh yu. HS da vo v tr ca ng trong day in 1. Tc dng vi phi kim ho d on kh nng phn ng ca kim loi t0 Cu. 2Cu + O 2CuO 2 GV biu dien th nghim t si dy ng 0 t mu trong khng kh v yu cu HS quan st, Cu + Cl CuCl2 2 vit PTHH ca phn ng. GV biu dien th nghim: Cu + H2SO4 ? (nhn 2. Tc dng vi axit + 6 + 4 t0 bit SO2 bng giy qu tm m. Cu + 2H 4 (ac) CuSO4 +SO2 +2H2O SO 2 HS quan st rt ra kt lun v vit PTHH v + 5 + 4 Cu + 4HNO(ac) Cu(NO3)2 +2NO2 +2H2O phng trnh ion thu gn ca phn ng. 3
3Cu + 8HNO 3 (loang) 3Cu(NO3)2 +2NO +4H2O
+ 5 + 2

Hot ng 3 HS nghin cu SGK bit c tnh cht vt l ca CuO. HS vit PTHH th hin tnh cht ca CuO qua cc phn ng sau: - CuO + H2SO4 - CuO + H2 HS nghin cu SGK bit c tnh cht vt l ca Cu(OH)2. HS nghin cu SGK bit c tnh cht vt l ca CuO. GV biu dien th nghim iu ch Cu(OH)2 t dd CuSO4 v dd NaOH. Nghin cu tnh cht ca Cu(OH)2.

IV HP CHT CA NG 1. ng (II) oxit Cht rn, mu en,, khng tan trong nc. L mt oxit baz CuO + H2SO4 CuSO4 + H2O De b kh bi H2, CO, C thnh Cu kim loi khi un nng
CuO + H 2
t0

Cu +H2O

2. ng (II) hiroxit Cu(OH)2 l cht rn mu xanh, khng tan trong nc. L mt baz Cu(OH)2 + 2HCl CuCl2 + H2O De b nhit phn
Cu(OH) 2
t0

CuO +H2O

3. Mui ng (II) Dung dch mui ng c mu xanh. HS nghin cu SGK bit c tnh cht ca Thng gp l mui ng (II): CuCl2, CuSO4, mui ng (II). Cu(NO3)3,
CuSO .5H2O 4 ma xanh u
t0

CuSO4 + 5H2O ma trag u n

4. ng dng ca ng v hp cht ca ng HS nghin cu SGK bit c nhng ng Trn 50% sn lng Cu dng lm dy dn in v dng quan trng ca kim loi Cu trong i sng. trn 30% lm hp kim. Hp kim ca ng nh ng thau (Cu Zn), ng bch (Cu Ni),Hp kim ng c nhiu ng dng trong cng nghip v i sng nh

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu dng ch to cc chi tit my, ch to cc thit b dng trong cng nghip ng tu bin. Hp cht ca ng cung c nhiu ng dng. Dung dch CuSO4 dng trong nng nghip cha bnh mc sng cho c chua, khoai ty. CuSO4 khan dng pht hin du vt ca nc trong cc cht lng. CuCO3.Cu(OH)2 c dng pha ch sn v c mu xanh, mu lc.

V. CNG C: 1. Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca ng, ion Cu+, ion Cu2+. 2. Cho 19,2g kim loi M tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 loang, d thu c 4,48 lt kh NO duy nht (kc). Kim loi M l A. Mg B. Cu C. Fe D. Zn 3. Cho 7,68g Cu tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 loang thy c kh NO thot ra. Khi lng mui nitrat sinh ra trong dung dch l A. 21,56g B. 21,65g C. 22,56g D. 22,65g 4. C cc dung dch: HCl, HNO3, NaOH, AgNO3, NaNO3. Ch dng thm cht no sau y nhn bit cc dung dch trn ? A. Cu B. dd Al2(SO4)3 C. dd BaCl2 D. dd Ca(OH)2 5. C 3 hon hp kim loi: (1) Cu Ag; (2) Cu Al; (3) Cu Mg. Dng dung dch ca cc cp cht no sau y nhn bit cc hon hp trn ? A. HCl v AgNO3 B. HCl v Al(NO3)3 C. HCl v Mg(NO3)2 D. HCl v NaOH 6. Cho hon hp gm 0,1 mol Ag2O v 0,2 mol Cu tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 loang, d. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c hon hp mui khan A. Nung A n khi lng khng i thu c cht rn B c khi lng l A. 26,8g B. 13,4g C. 37,6g D. 34,4g VI. DN D: Xem trc bi LUYN TP: TNH CHT HO HC CA CROM, NG V HP CHT CA CHNG.

Ngy son:............/............

LUYEN TAP: TNH CHAT HOA HOC CUA CROM, ONG VA HP CHAT CUA CHUNG

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - Cu hnh electron bt thng ca nguyn t Cr, Cu. - V sao ng c s oxi ho +1 v +2, cn crom c s oxi ho t +1 n + 6. 2. K nng: Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng dng phn t v ion thu gn ca cc phn ng th hin tnh cht ho hc ca Cr v Cu. 3. Thi :

Tie t 58

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

II. CHUN B: Cc bi tp luyn tp. III. PHNG PHP: m thoi + dien ging + th nghim trc quan. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Vi?t PTHH ca cc phn ng trong qu trnh chuyn ho sau:
Cu
(1)

CuO

(2)

CuSO 4

(3)

Cu

(4)

Cu(NO )2 3

3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR Hot ng 1 HS da vo cc tnh cht ho hc ca Cu v hp cht hon thnh cc PTHH ca cc phn ng trong day chuyn i bn.

NI DUNG KIN THC Bi 1: Hon thnh phng trnh ho hc ca cc phn ng trong day chuyn i sau:
Cu
(1)

CuS

(2)

Cu(NO )2 3

(3)

Cu(OH) 2

(4)

CuCl 2

(5)

Cu

Gii CuS + HNO3 (c) Cu(NO3)2 + H2SO4 + NO2 + H2O (2) Cu(NO3)2 + 2NaOH Cu(OH)2 + 2NaNO3 (3) Cu(OH)2+ 2HCl CuCl2 + 2H2O (4) CuCl2 + Zn Cu + ZnCl2 (5) Bi 2: Khi cho 100g hp kim gm c Fe, Cr v Al tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c 6,72 lt kh. Ly phn khng tan cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d (khng c khng kh) thu c 38,08 lt kh. Cc th tch kh o kc. Xc nh % khi lng ca hp kim. Gii Vi NaOH d: Ch c Al phn ng Al nAl =
Cu + S
t0

CuS (1)

Hot ng 2 GV ?: Vi NaOH th kim loi no phn ng ? Phn khng tan sau phn ng gia hp kim v dung dch NaOH c thnh phn nh th no ?

3 2

H2

GV ?: Phn khng tan tc dng vi dung dch HCl th c phn ng no xy ra ? HS hon thnh cc phn ng v tnh ton cc lng cht c lin quan.

HS t gii quyt bi ton.

HS t gii quyt bi ton.

2 2 6,72 nH2 = . = 0,2 (mol) 3 3 22, 4 0, 2.27 .100 = 5,4% %Al = 100 Phn khng tan + dd HCl Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2 a a CrCl2 + H2 Cr + 2HCl b b 56a+ 52 b = 94, 6 %Fe =86,8% a= 1,55 38, 08 b= 0,15 %Cr =7,8% a+ b = 22, 4 Bi 3: Hon hp X gm Cu v Fe, trong Cu chim 43,24% khi lng. Cho 14,8g X tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thy c V lt kh (kc) bay ra. Gi tr V l A. 1,12 B. 2,24 C. 4,48 D. 3,36 Gii %khi lng ca st = 100% - 43,24% = 56,76% 56,76 1 . = 0,15 (mol) nFe = 14,8. 100 56 Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2 nFe = nH2 = 0,15 V = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36 lt Bi 4: Kh m gam bt CuO bng kh H2 nhit cao c hon hp rn X. ho tan ht X cn va 1 lt dung dch HNO3 1M, thu c 4,48 lt kh NO duy nht (kc). Hiu

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu sut ca phn ng kh CuO l A. 70% B. 75% C. 80% D. 85% Bi 5: Nhng thanh st vo dung dch CuSO4, sau mt thi gian ly thanh st ra ra sch, sy kh thy khi lng tng 1,2g. Khi lng Cu a bm vo thanh st l A. 9,3g B. 9,4g C. 9,5g D. 9,6g Bi 6: Cho Cu tc dng vi dung dch hon hp gm NaNO3 v H2SO4 loang se gii phng kh no sau y ? A. NO2 B. NO C. N2O D. NH3

HS t gii quyt bi ton.

HS t gii quyt bi ton.

V. CNG C: 1. phn bit dung dch H2SO4 c, ngui v dung dch HNO3 c, ngui c th dng kim loi no sau y ? A. Cr B. Al C. Fe D. Cu 2. C hai dung dch axit l HCl v HNO3 c, ngui. Kim loi no sau y c th dng phn bit hai dung dch axit ni trn ? A. Fe B. Al C. Cr D. Cu 3. Cho kim loi X tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 loang ri ly kh thu c kh oxit kim loi Y. X v Y c th l A. Cu v Fe B. Fe v Cu C. Cu v Ag D. Ag v Cu 4. Ho tan 9,14g hp kim Cu, Mg v Al bng dung dch HCl d thu c kh X v 2,54g cht rn Y. Trong hp kim, khi lng Al gp 4,5 ln khi lng Mg. Th tch kh X (kc) l A. 7,84 lt B. 5,6 lt C. 5,8 lt D. 6,2 lt 5. Cho 19,2g Cu vo dung dch loang cha 0,4 mol HNO3, phn ng xy ra hon ton th th tch kh NO thu c (kc) l A. 1,12 lt B. 2,24 lt C. 4,48 lt D. 3,36 lt 6. Vit phng trnh ho hc ca cc phn ng trong s chuyn ho sau
Cr
(1)

Cr2O3

(2)

Cr2(SO )3 4

(3)

Cr(OH) 3

(4)

NaCrO 2

VI. DN D: TIT SAU KIM TRA VIT

Ngy son:............/............
Tie t 60

S LC VE NIKEN, KEM, CH, THIEC

I. Mc tiu bi hc:

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

1. Kin thc: * HS bit: - V tr ca Ag, Au, Ni, Zn, Pb, Sn trong bng tun hon. - Tnh cht v ng dng ca Ag, Au, Ni, Zn, Pb, Sn. 2. K nng: - Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng dng phn t v ion thu gn xy ra (nu c) khi cho tng kim loi Ag, Au, Ni, Zn, Pb, Sn tc dng vi cc dung dch axit, vi cc phi kim. II. Chun b: GV: - Cc mu kim loi: Ag, Ni, Zn, Pb, Sn. - Dung dch HCl hoc H2SO4 loang. - Bng HTTH nguyn t ho hc III. Phng php dy hc ch yu - m thoi + dien ging + th nghim trc quan. IV. Tin trnh bi dy: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Khng kim tra. 3. Bi mi: Hot ng ca thy v tr Ni dung Hot ng 1 I BC: Ag GV: dng bng tun hon v cho HS xc nh 1. V tr trong bng tun hon v tr ca Ag trong bng tun hon. s 47, nhm IB, chu k 5. 2. Tnh cht v ng dng GV: Cho HS quan st mu Ag v nghin cu Tnh cht vt l: L kim loi mu trng , mm, khi thm cc tnh cht vt l khc SGK. lng ring ln (d = 10,5g/cm3). Dn in, dn nhit tt nht HS: vit PTHH ca cc phn ng ca Ag Tnh cht ho hc: C tnh kh yu: - Khng b oxh trong kk, d nhit cao - Khng tc dng vi axit HCl, H2SO4 loang HS: nghin cu ng dng ca Ag trong SGK. - Tc dng vi axit c tnh oxh mnh nh axit H2SO4 c, HNO3: Ag + 2HNO3 AgNO3 + NO2 + H2O - Ag c mu en khi tip xc vi kk hoc nc c mt H2S: 4Ag + 2H2S + O2 2Ag2S + 2H2O ng dng: - Ch to trang sc, vt trang tr.. - Ch to hp kim - Ion Ag+ c kh nng st trng, dit khun Hot ng 2 II VNG: Au GV: dng bng tun hon v cho HS xc nh 1. V tr trong bng tun hon v tr ca Au trong bng tun hon. s 79, nhm IB, chu k 6. 2. Tnh cht v ng dng GV: Cho HS quan st mu Au v nghin cu Tnh cht vt l: L kim loi mu vng , mm, khi thm cc tnh cht vt l khc SGK. lng ring ln (d = 19,3g/cm3). Dn in, dn nhit tt nht HS: vit PTHH ca cc phn ng ca Au Tnh cht ho hc: C tnh kh rt yu: - Khng b oxh trong kk, d nhit cao - Khng b ha tan trong axit HS: nghin cu ng dng ca Au trong SGK. - B ha tan trong nc cng toan (hon hp gm 1VHNO3+ 3VHCl) Au + HNO3 + 3HCl AuCl3 + NO + 2H2O - C k/n to phc vi dd mui xianua ca kim loi kim. - To hon hng vi Hg 4Ag + 2H2S + O2 2Ag2S + 2H2O

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu ng dng: - Ch to trang sc, vt trang tr.. - Ch to hp kim

Hot ng 3 GV: dng bng tun hon v cho HS xc nh v tr ca Ni trong bng tun hon. GV: Cho HS quan st mu Ni v nghin cu thm cc tnh cht vt l khc SGK. HS: vit PTHH ca cc phn ng Ni tc dng vi O2 v Cl2.

III NIKEN 1. V tr trong bng tun hon s 28, nhm VIIIB, chu k 4. 2. Tnh cht v ng dng Tnh cht vt l: L kim loi mu trng bc, rt cng, khi lng ring ln (d = 8,9g/cm3). Tnh cht ho hc: C tnh kh yu hn Fe, tc dng c vi nhiu n cht v hp cht, khng tc dng vi H2.
2Ni + O 2
5000C t
0

2NiO

Ni + Cl 2

NiCl2

Bn vi khng kh v nc nhit thng. ng dng: - Dng trong ngnh luyn kim. Thp cha Ni c bn cao v mt c hc v ho hc. - M ln st chng g cho st. Trong cng nghip ho cht, Ni c dng lm cht xc tc. Hot ng 4 IV KEM GV: dng bng tun hon v cho HS xc nh 1. V tr trong bng tun hon v tr ca Zn trong bng tun hon. s 30, nhm IIB, chu k 4. 2. Tnh cht v ng dng GV: Cho HS quan st mu Zn v nghin cu Tnh cht vt l: L kim loi c mu lam nht. Trong thm cc tnh cht vt l khc SGK. khng kh m, kem b ph mt lp oxit mng nn c mu xm. Khi lng ring ln (d = 7,13g/cm3), tnc = 419,50C. trng thi rn v cc hp cht ca Zn khng c. HS: vit PTHH ca cc phn ng Zn tc dng Ring hi ca ZnO th rt c. vi O2 v S. Tnh cht ho hc: L kim loi hot ng, c tnh kh mnh hn Fe. HS: nghin cu ng dng ca Ni trong SGK.
2Zn + 2 O
t0

2ZnO

HS: nghin cu ng dng ca Zn trong SGK.

Zn + S

ZnS

ng dng: Dng m (hoc trng) ln st bo v st khi b g. Dng ch to hp kim nh hp kim vi Cu. Dng sn xut pin kh. Mt s hp cht ca kem dng trong y hc nh ZnO dng lm thuc gim au dy thn kinh, cha bnh eczema, bnh nga,

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

Hot ng 5 V CH GV: dng bng tun hon v cho HS xc nh 1. V tr trong bng tun hon v tr ca Pb trong bng tun hon. s 82, nhm IVA, chu k 6. 2. Tnh cht v ng dng GV: Cho HS quan st mu Zn v nghin cu Tnh cht vt l: L kim loi mu trng hi xanh, thm cc tnh cht vt l khc SGK. khi lng ring ln (d = 11,34g/cm3), tnc = 327,40C, mm. Tnh cht ho hc: HS: vit PTHH ca cc phn ng Pb tc dng t0 2Pb + 2 O 2PbO vi O2 v S. 0 t Pb + S PbS HS: nghin cu ng dng ca Pb trong SGK. ng dng: - Ch v cc hp cht ca ch u rt c. - Ch to cc bn cc cquy, v dy cp, u n v dng ch to thit b bo v khi tia phng x. Hot ng 6 VI THIC GV: dng bng tun hon v cho HS xc nh 1. V tr trong bng tun hon v tr ca Sn trong bng tun hon. s 50, nhm IVA, chu k 5. 2. Tnh cht v ng dng GV: Cho HS quan st mu Sn v nghin cu Tnh cht vt l: thm cc tnh cht vt l khc SGK. - L kim loi mu trng bc, khi lng ring ln (d = 7,92g/cm3), mm, de dt mng, tnc = 2320C. - Tn ti di 2 dng th hnh l thic trng v thic HS: vit PTHH ca cc phn ng Sn tc dng xm. vi HCl v O2. Tnh cht ho hc: Sn + 2HCl SnCl2 + H2
Sn + O 2
t0

SnO 2

HS: nghin cu ng dng ca Sn trong SGK.

ng dng: Ph ln b mt ca st chng g (st ty) dng trong cng nghip thc phm. L thic mng (giy thic) dng trong t in. Hp kim Sn Pb (tnc = 1800C) dng hn. SnO2 c dng lm men trong cng nghip gm s v lm thu tinh m

Hot ng 7: Cng c 1. Dy kim loi no sau y sp xp cc kim loi ng theo th t tnh kh tng dn ? A. Pb, Ni, Sn, Zn B. Pb, Sn, Ni, Zn C. Ni, Sn, Zn, Pb D. Ni, Zn, Pb, Sn 2. St ty l st c ph ln b mt bi kim loi no sau y ? A. Zn B. Ni C. Sn D. Cr * BTVN: 5, 6, 7, 8, 9/ 219.

Ngy son:............/............

THC HANH: TNH CHAT HOA HOC CUA SAT, CROM, ONG VA NHNG HP CHAT CUA CHUNG

Tie t 61

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: - Cng c kin thc v tnh cht ho hc quan trng ca st, crom, ng v mt s hp cht ca chng. - Tin hnh mt s th nghim c th: + iu ch FeCl2, Fe(OH)2. + Th tnh oxi ho ca K2Cr2O7 + Cu tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 c, nng. 2. K nng: Tip tc rn luyn k nng lm th nghim ho hc nh k nng lm vic vi cc ho cht (rn, lng), vi dng c th nghim, un nng dung dch, k nng quan st, gii thch cc hin tng ho hc, 3. Thi : Cn thn v nghim tc. II. CHUN B: 1. Dng c: ng nghim, gi ng nghim, n cn. 2. Ho cht: Kim loi: Cu, inh st; Cc dung dch: HCl, NaOH, K2Cr2O7; H2SO4c. III. PHNG PHP: HS tin hnh cc th nghim theo nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din, nhc nh ni quy v cc an ton khi tin hnh th nghim. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Khng kim tra. 3. Bi mi: Hot ng ca thy v tr Ni dung Hot ng 1: Cng vic u bui thc hnh. GV: nu mc tiu, yu cu ca tit thc hnh, n tp nhng kin thc c bn v st, crom, ng, v phn ng oxi ho kh. - Lm mu mt s th nghim. HS: lng nghe, tip thu, chun b thc hnh. Hot ng 2: Th nghim 1: Tnh cht ha hc ca K2Cr2O7 HS: tin hnh th nghim nh SGK. * Tinhnh: (SGK) GV: quan st, hng dn, gip HS thc hin * Hi?n tngv gi?i thch: th nghim. - Dung dchlc ?u c mu gia cam c?a ion Cr2O72sau chuy?n d?n sang mu xanh c?a ion Cr3+. K2Cr2O7 + 6 FeSO4 + 7 H2SO4 Cr2(SO4)3 +K2SO4 +3 Fe2(SO4)3 + 7 H2O. * K?t lu?n: K2Cr2O7 c tnh oxi ha m?nh , ?c bi?t trong mi trngaxit, Cr+6 b? kh? thnh ion Cr3+.

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

Hot ng 3: Th nghim 2: iu ch v th tnh cht ca HS: tin hnh th nghim nh SGK. hiroxit st GV: quan st, hng dn, gip HS thc hin * Tinhnh: (SGK) th nghim. * Hi?n tngv gi?i thch: - Trong ngnghim(1) xu?t hi?n k?t t?a mu trngxanh, ngnghim(2) xu?t hi?n k?t t?a mu nu ?. P: FeSO4 + 2 NaOH Fe(OH)2? + Na2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + 6 NaOH 2 Fe(OH)3? + 3 Na2SO4 - Dng ?a thu? tinh l?y nhanh tnglo?i k?t t?a, sau nh? ti?p vo m?i ngnghimvi gi?t dung dchHCl. - Trong ngnghim(1) k?t t?a tan d?n, thu ?c dung dchc mu l?c nh?t c?a FeCl2. Trong ngnghim(2) k?t t?a tan d?n t?o ra dung dchc mu nu c?a FeCl3. * K?t lu?n: S?t (II) hidroxit v s?t (III) hidroxit c tnh baz. Hot ng 4: Th nghim 3: Tnh cht ha hc ca mui st HS: tin hnh th nghim nh SGK. * Tinhnh: (SGK) GV: quan st, hng dn, gip HS thc hin * Dung dch trong ng nghim chuy?n d?n t? mu th nghim. vng sang mu nu s?m v cu?i cng xu?t hi?n k?t t? a tm en. P: 2 FeCl3 + 2 KI 2 FeCl2 + 2 KCl + I2 * K?t lu?n: Mu?i Fe3+ c tnh oxi ha. Hot ng 5 Th nghim 4: Tnh cht ha hc ca ng HS: tin hnh th nghim nh SGK. * Tinhnh: (SGK) GV: quan st, hng dn, gip HS thc hin * Hi?n tngv gi?i thch: th nghim. - ngnghim(1) khng c p x?y ra - ngnghim(2) p ha h?c cngkhng x?y ra. ngnghim(3) sau m?t th?i gian mingngnghimc kh mu nu ?, dung dchc mu xanh. Hot ng 6: HS: Vit tng trnh GV: Nhn xt bui thc hnh. V. CNG C: VI. DN D: XEM TRC BI: NHN BIT MT S ION TRONG DUNG DCH.

Ngy son:............/............ CHNG 8:


Tie t

PHN BIT MT S CHT V C

NHAN BIET MOT SO ION TRONG DUNG DCH

62

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: - Bit nguyn tc nhn bit mt s ion trong dung dch. - Bit cch nhn bit cc cation: Na+, NH + , Ba2+, Al3+, Fe3+, Fe2+, Cu2+. 4 N 3 , SO 2 , Cl-, C 3 O O2 - Bit cch nhn bit cc anion: 4 2. K nng: C k nng tin hnh th nghim nhn bit cc cation v anion trong dung dch. 3. Thi : Cn thn v nghim tc. II. CHUN B: - ng nghim, cp ng nghim, gi ng nghim, n cn. - Cc dung dch: NaCl, BaCl2, AlCl3, NH4Cl, FeCl3, NaNO3, Na2SO4, Na2CO3, CuCl2, NH3, HCl, H2SO4. Cc kim loi: Fe, Cu. III. PHNG PHP: Dien ging + trc quan. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din, nhc nh ni quy v cc an ton khi tin hnh th nghim. 2. Kim tra bi cu: Khng kim tra. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1 I NGUYN TC NHN BIT MT ION TRONG GV ?: Bng mt thng, da vo u ta c th DUNG DCH Thm vo dung dch mt thuc th to vi ion mt nhn bit sn phm ca mt phn ng ho hc ? HS: T nu ra c nguyn tc chung nhn sn phm c trng nh mt kt ta, mt hp cht c mu hoc mt cht kh kh tan si bt hoc mt kh bit mt ion trong dung dch. bay ra khi dung dch. Hot ng 2 II NHN BIT MT S CATION TRONG + GV biu dien th nghim nhn bit cation Na DUNG DCH 1. Nhn bit cation Na+: Th mu ngn la. bng cch th mu ngn la. n a + ngo l HS nu hin tng quan st c. Cation Na ma vag ti u n
(dd hoa muora) c i n
+ 2. Nhn bit cation NH 4 Nhm HS lm th nghim: Nh dung dch Thuc th: dung dch kim NaOH (hoc KOH). NaOH vo ng nghim ng khong 2 ml dung Hin tng: C kh mi khai thot ra, kh ny lm dch NH4Cl ri un nng ng nghim. Dung giy xanh giy qu tm m). qu tm m nhn bit kh NH3 hoc nhn bit 0 + - t NH 4 + OH NH 3 + H 2O bng mi khai.

(la quy a hoa m tm m xanh)

Nhm HS lm th nghim: Nh dd H2SO4 3. Nhn bit cation Ba2+ loang vo ng nghim ng khong 1 ml dung Thuc th: dung dch H2SO4 loang. dch BaCl2. Nh thm dd H2SO4 l, lc ng nghim Hin tng: C kt ta trng to thnh. thy kt ta khng tan trong H2SO4 d. Ba2+ + SO2 BaSO4 4 Nhm HS lm th nghim: Nh dn tng git dd NaOH vo ng nghim ng khong 1ml dd AlCl3 thu c kt ta trng di dng keo. Nh thm dd NaOH, lc ng nghim thy kt ta tan trong dd NaOH d. 4. Nhn bit cation Al3+ Thuc th: dung dch kim d. Hin tng: Ban u c kt ta keo trng, sau kt ta b ho tan tr li. Al3+ + 3OH- Al(OH)3 Al(OH)3 + OH- AlO 2 + 2H2O 5. Nhn bit cc cation Fe2+ v Fe3+ a) Nhn bit cation Fe2+ Thuc th: dung dch kim (OH-) hoc dung dch NH3. Hin tng: Ban u c kt ta mu trng hi xanh, sau chuyn thnh kt ta mu vng ri cui cng chuyn thnh mu nu . Fe2+ + 2OH- Fe(OH)2

Nhm HS lm th nghim: Nh dd NaOH vo ng nghim cha khong 2ml dd FeCl2 thu c kt ta mu trng xanh Fe(OH)2. un nng ng nghim thy kt ta trng xanh chuyn dn sang mu vng ri cui cng thnh mu nu .

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O 4Fe(OH)3 b) Nhn bit cation Fe3+ Thuc th: dung dch kim (OH-) hoc dung dch NH3. Hin tng: To thnh kt ta mu nu . Fe3+ + 3OH- Fe(OH)3 b) Nhn bit cation Cu2+ Thuc th: dung dch NH3. Hin tng: Ban u to thnh kt ta mu xanh, sau kt ta b ho tan trong dung dch NH3d to thnh dung dch c mu xanh lam m. Cu2+ + 2OH- Cu(OH)2 Cu(OH)2 + 4NH3 [Cu(NH3)4]2+ + 2OHIII NHN BIT MT S ANION TRONG DUNG DCH O 1. Nhn bit anion N 3 Thuc th: Kim loi Cu + dd H2SO4 loang. Hin tng: Kim loi Cu bho tan to dung dch mu xanh lam ng thi c kh mu nu thot ra. O 3Cu + 2 N 3 + 8H+ 3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4H2O 2NO + O2 2NO2 (nu O2 2. Nhn bit anion S 4 Thuc th: dung dch BaCl2/mi trng axit loang d (HCl hoc HNO3 loang) Hin tng: C kt ta trng to thnh. Ba2+ + SO2 ? BaSO4 4

Nhm HS lm th nghim: Nh dd NaOH vo ng nghim ng khong 2ml dd FeCl3 thu c kt ta nu Fe(OH)3. Nhm HS lm th nghim: Nh dung dch NH3 vo ng nghim cha khong 1 ml dd CuSO4 thu c kt ta mu xanh Cu(OH)2. Nh thm dd NH3 n d, lc ng nghim thy kt ta li tan i do to thnh ion phc [Cu(NH3)4]2+ c mu xanh lam m. Hot ng 3 Nhm HS lm th nghim: Cho vo ng nghim khong 2 ml dung dch NaNO3, thm tip vi git dung dch H2SO4 v vi l Cu mng. un nng ng nghim cha hon hp cc cht phn ng. Quan st hin tng xy ra. Vit PTHH dng phn t v ion thu gn ca phn ng.

Nhm HS lm th nghim: Nh dung dch BaCl2 vo ng nghim cha 2 ml dd Na2SO4 ? trng BaSO4. Nh thm vo ng nghim vi git dd HCl hoc H2SO4 loang, lc ng nghim thy kt ta khng tan trong axit HCl hoc H2SO4 loang. Nhm HS lm th nghim: Rt vo ng nghim 3. Nhn bit anion Cl2 ml dung dch NaCl v thm vi git dd HNO3 Thuc th: dung dch AgNO3 lm mi trng. Nh vo ng nghim trn vi gt Hin tng: C kt ta trng to thnh. dung dch AgNO3 thu c kt ta AgCl mu Ag+ + Cl- ?AgCl trng. O2 4. Nhn bit anion C 3 Nhm HS lm th nghim: Rt vo ng nghim Thuc th: dung dch H+ v dung dch Ca(OH)2. khong 2 ml dung dch Na2CO3. Nh tip vo ng Hin tng: C kh khng mu bay ra, kh ny nghim vi git dd HCl hc H2SO4 loang. lm dung dch nc vi trong b van c. Quan st hin tng xy ra. Vit PTHH dng phn C 3 + 2H+ ? CO2 + H2O O2 t v ion rt gn ca phn ng. CO2 + Ca(OH)2 ? CaCO3 + H2O V. CNG C: Bi tp s 1 trang 174 (SGK). VI. DN D: XEM TRC BI: NHN BIT MT S CHT KH.

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Tie t 63

NHAN BIET MOT SO CHAT KH

I. MC TIU:

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

1. Kin thc: - Bit nguyn tc chung nhn bit mt cht kh. - Bit cch nhn bit cc cht kh CO2, SO2, H2S, NH3. 2. K nng: lm th nghim thc hnh nhn bit mt s cht kh. 3. Thi : Cn thn v nghim tc. II. CHUN B: Dng c th nghim v cc bnh kh CO2, SO2, H2S, NH3. III. PHNG PHP: Dien ging + trc quan. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din, nhc nh ni quy v cc an ton khi tin hnh th nghim. 2. Kim tra bi cu: C 3 dung dch, moi dung dch cha mt cation sau: Ba2+, Al3+, NH + . Trnh by 4 cch nhn bit chng. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1 I NGUYN TC CHUNG NHN BIT MT GV t vn : C bnh kh Cl2 v bnh kh O2. CHT KH Da vo tnh cht vt l hoc tnh cht ho hc c lm th no nhn bit cc kh ? trng ca cht kh . - Kh Cl2 c mu vng lc: Nhn bit bng tnh Th d: Nhn bit kh H2S da vo mi trng thi, kh cht vt l. NH3 bng mi khai c trng ca n. - a than hng vo bnh kh O2 n bng chy: Nhn bit bng tnh cht ho hc. Rt ra kt lun. II NHN BIT MT S CHT KH 1. Nhn bit kh CO2 Hot ng 2 c im ca kh CO2: Khng mu, khng mi, HS nghin cu SGK bit c nhng c nng hn khng kh, rt t tan trong nc ? Khi to im ca kh CO2. thnh t cc dung dch nc n to nn s si bt kh mnh v c trng. GV t vn : Trong th nghim thi kh CO C 3 + 2H+ ? CO2 + H2O O2 i qua ng s ng CuO, un nng, ta c th nhn bit sn phm kh ca phn ng bng cch no ? HCO 3 + H+ ? CO2 + H2O HS chn thuc th tr li. Thuc th: Dung dch Ca(OH)2 hoc Ba(OH)2 d. Hin tng: C kt ta trng to thnh, lm dung dch thu c b van c. CO2 + Ca(OH)2 ? CaCO3 + H2O CO2 + Ba(OH)2 ? BaCO3 + H2O Ch : Cc kh SO2 v SO3 cung to c kt ta trng vi dung dch Ca(OH)2 v dung dch Ba(OH)2. HS nghin cu SGK bit c nhng c 2. Nhn bit kh SO2 im ca kh SO2. c im ca kh SO2 - Kh SO2 khng mu, nng hn khng kh, gy ngt GV t vn : Lm th no phn bit kh v c. SO2vi kh CO2 ? C th dng dung dch - Kh SO2 cung lm c nc vi trong nh kh Ca(OH)2hay khng ? Kt lun: Thuc th tt nht nhn bit kh CO2. SO2 l dung dch nc Br2. Thuc th: Dung dch nc Br2 d. Hin tng: Nc Br2 b nht mu. SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O ? H2SO4 + 2HBr 3. Nhn bit kh H2S HS nghin cu SGK bit c nhng c im ca kh H2S. c im ca kh H2S: Kh H2S khng mu, nng hn khng kh, c mi trng thi v rt c. GV t vn : C th nhn bit kh H2S da Thuc th: Dung dch mui Cu2+ hoc Pb2+. vo tnh cht vt l v tnh cht ho hc no ? Hin tng: C kt ta mu en to thnh. - Tnh cht vt l: Mi trng thi. H2S + Cu2+ ? CuS + 2H+ - Tnh cht ho hc: To c kt ta en vi ion mu en 2+ Cu2+ v Pb2+. H2S + Pb ? PbS + 2H+

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu mu en

HS nghin cu SGK bit c nhng c 4. Nhn bit kh NH3 im ca kh NH3. c im ca kh NH3: Kh H2S khng mu, nh GV t vn : Lm th no nhn bit kh NH3 hn khng kh, tan nhiu trong nc, c mi khai c trng. bng phng php vt l v phng php ho hc ? Thuc th: Ngi bng mi hoc dng giy qu - Phng php vt l: Mi khai. tm m. - Phng php ho hc: NH3 lm giy qu tm m Hin tng: C mi khai, lm giy qu tm m ho xanh. ho xanh. V. CNG C: 1. C th dng dung dch nc vi trong phn bit 2 kh CO2 v SO2 c khng ? Ti sao ? 2. Cho 2 bnh kh ring bit ng cc kh CO2 v SO2. Hy trnh by cch nhn bit tng kh. Vit cc PTHH. VI. DN D: 1. HS v nh chun b mt s bng tng kt theo mu sau: a) Nhn bit mt s cation trong dung dch Thuc dung dch H2SO4 th dung dch NaOH dung dch NH3 loang Cation
NH + 4

Ba2+ Al3+ Fe3+ Fe2+ Cu2+ b) Nhn bit mt s anion trong dung dch Thuc th dung dch NaOH Anion
N 3 O

dung dch NH3

dung dch H2SO4 loang

SO 2 4

ClC 3 O2

c) Nhn bit mt s cht kh Kh Phng php vt l Phng php ho hc CO2 SO2 H2S NH3 2. XEM TRC BI: LUYN TP: NHN BIT MT S ION TRONG DUNG DCH.

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LUYEN TAP: NHAN BIET MOT SO CHAT VO C

Tie t 64

GV: Mai Vn t

Trng THPT L Th Hiu

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: Cng c kin thc nhn bit mt s ion trong dung dch v mt s cht kh. 2. K nng: Rn luyn k nng lm th nghim nhn bit. 3. Thi : Cn thn v nghim tc. II. CHUN B: HS chun b bng tng kt cch nhn bit mt s ion trong dung dch v mt s cht kh. III. PHNG PHP: Dien ging + trc quan. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din, nhc nh ni quy v cc an ton khi tin hnh th nghim. 2. Kim tra bi cu: 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Bi 1: Trnh by cch nhn bit cc ion trong cc dung dch ring re sau: Ba2+, Fe3+, Cu2+. Hot ng 1 Gii 2+ 3+ 2+ HS da vo phn ng c trng dng nhn Ba , Fe , Cu 2bit cc cation gii quyt bi ton. +dd SO4 trag n khog hie t g n n n GV quan st, theo di, gip HS hon thnh 2+ 3+ 2+ bi tp. Ba Fe , Cu
Fe Cu Bi 2: C 5 ng nghim khng nhan, moi ng ng mt trong cc dung dch sau y (nng khong 0,1M): NH4Cl, FeCl2, AlCl3, MgCl2, CuCl2. Ch dng dung dch NaOH nh t t vo tng dung dch, c th nhn bit c ti da cc dung dch no sau y ? A. Hai dung dch: NH4Cl, CuCl2. B. Ba dung dch: NH4Cl, MgCl2, CuCl2. C. Bn dung dch: NH4Cl, AlCl3, MgCl2, CuCl2. D. C 5 dung dch. Bi 3: C 4 ng nghim khng nhan, moi ng ng mt trong cc dung dch sau (nng khong 0,01M): NaCl, Na2CO3, KHSO4 v CH3NH2. Ch dng giy qu tm ln lt nhng vo 4 dung dch, quan st s thay i mu sc ca n c th nhn bit c day cc dung dch no ? A. Dung dch NaCl. B. Hai dung dch NaCl v KHSO4. C. Hai dung dch KHSO4 v CH3NH2. D. Ba dung dch NaCl, KHSO4 v Na2CO3. Bi 4: Hy phn bit hai dung dch ring re sau: (NH4)2S v (NH4)2SO4 bng mt thuc th. Gii Cho mt mu giy lc tm dung dch Pb(NO3)2 vo 2 dung dch trn, dung dch no lm cho mu giy lc chuyn sang mu en l dung dch (NH4)2S. (NH4)2S + Pb(NO3)2 ? PbS + 2NH4NO3 Bi 5: C hon hp kh gm SO2, CO2v H2. Hy chng minh trong hon hp c mt tng kh . Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng. Gii Cho hon hp kh i qua nc Br2 d, thy nc Br2
na o u 3+ +dd NH3 d xanh, sau o tan 2+

Hot ng 2 GV yu cu HS cho bit cc hin tng xy ra khi cho t t dung dch NaOH vo moi dung dch, t xem c th nhn bit c ti a bao nhiu dung dch.

Hot ng 3 GV yu cu HS xc nh mi trng ca cc dung dch. HS gii quyt bi ton.

Hot ng 3 HS t gii quyt bi ton.

Hot ng 4 GV lu HS y l bi tp chng t s c mt ca cc cht nn nu c n cht th ta phi

GV: Mai Vn t chng minh c s c mt ca c n cht. Dng bi tp nay khc so vi bi tp nhn bit (nhn bit n cht th ta ch cn nhn bit c n 1 cht). HS gii quyt bi ton di s hng dn ca GV.

Trng THPT L Th Hiu b nht mu chng t c kh SO2. SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O ? H2SO4 + 2HBr (1) Kh i ra sau phn ng tip tc dn vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d thy c kt ta trng chng t c kh CO2. CO2 + Ca(OH)2 ?CaCO3 + H2O (2) Kh i ra sau phn ng (2) dn qua ng ng CuO un nng thy to ra Cu mu chng t c kh H2.
CuO + H 2
t0

Cu + H2O

V. CNG C: 1. C cc dung dch khng mu ng trong cc l ring bit, khng c nhan: ZnSO4, Mg(NO3), Al(NO3)3. phn bit cc dung dch trn c th dng A. qu tm B. dd NaOH C. dd Ba(OH)2 D. dd BaCl2 2. phn bit cc dung dch trong cc l ring bit, khng dn nhan: MgCl2, ZnCl2, AlCl3, FeCl2, KCl bng phng php ho hc, c th dng A. dd NaOH B. dd NH3 C. dd Na2CO3 D. qu tm 3. phn bit 2 dung dch Na2CO3 v Na2SO3 c th ch cn dng A. dd HCl B. nc Br2 C. dd Ca(OH)2 D. dd H2SO4 4. Khng th nhn bit cc kh CO2, SO2 v O2 ng trong cc bnh ring bit nu ch dng A. nc Br2 v tn m chy d. B. nc Br2 v dung dch Ba(OH)2. C. nc vi trong v nc Br2. D. tn m chy d v nc vi trong. 5. phn bit cc kh CO, CO2, O2 v SO2 c th dng A. tn m chy d, nc vi trong v nc Br2. B. tn m chy d, nc vi trong v dung dch K2CO3. C. dung dch Na2CO3 v nc Br2. D. tn m chy d v nc Br2. 6. Phng th nghim b nhiem bn bi kh Cl2. Ho cht no sau y c th kh c Cl2 mt cch tng i an ton ? A. Dung dch NaOH loang. B. Dng kh NH3 hoc dung dch NH3. C. Dng kh H2S. D. Dng kh CO2. 7. Trnh by phng php ho hc phn bit cc kh: O2, O3, NH3, HCl v H2S ng trong cc bnh ring bit. 8. kh kh H2S trong phng th nghim c th dng ho cht no ? 9. Trong qu trnh sn xut NH3 thu c hon hp gm c 3 kh: H2, N2 v NH3. Trnh by phng php ho hc chng t s c mt ca moi kh trong hon hp. VI. DN D:

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