Summary

Piping Pressure Drop Template -- For Liquids or Gases Version 2.17 by Stephen M. Hall, PE Copyright 1999, 2000

All cells are locked except user-defined data; unlock sheet from Tools m VIEW-COMMENTS to see some additional explanations. DATA INPUT Project Data S. Hall Client 24-Apr-2000 W.O. Unit SI Area Line ID

Prepared by Date
English

Sample 10314 Process Tank Farm

Line Number:

Liquid Example General Pipeline Data Service: Raw Material Transfer Pipe Material Specification: << 150 lb Carbon Ste A
None

Insulation Ambient Temp (deg F) Process Data

80.00

Fluid Name Toluene Liquid Molecular Weight (Entry Ignored>>>) 92.13 Actual Flow (gallons/minute) 150.00 Gas Maximum Flow (gallons/minute) 300.00 Flowing Temperatur(deg F) 59.00 Nominal Pressure (psia) 75.00 Specific Gravity 0.87 (<<< Entry Ignored) Absolute Viscosity(centipoise) 0.011 (<<< Entry Ignored) Size Selection Criteria
Economic Specific Diameter Target Velocity

Physical Layout Length of pipeline(feet) 90 deg Ell Long Rad. Ell 45 deg Ell 180 deg Bend TEE-Line Flow TEE-Branch Flow Bell Mouth Inlet Square Mouth Inlet
Results Summary LIQFLOW

0 Globe Valve 8 Gate Valve 0 Ball Valve (reduce 0 Butterfly Valve 0 Plug Valve 1 Angle Valve 0 Swing Check Valve 0 Re-Entrant Pipe Report Selection

500 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0

Datasheet Style Instructions

EquivLength OPTLIQ

Page 1

04/24/2000

Summary

Results Line Service Material Liquid Example Raw Material Transfer 150 lb Carbon Steel Toluene 150.00 300.00 59.00 0.867 0.62901 0.00015

Fluid Name Actual Flow (gallons/minute) Maximum Flow (gallons/minute) Temperature (deg F) Specific Gravity Absolute Viscosity (centipoise) Roughness (feet)

Selected Size Equiv. Length Pressure Drop Velocity Next Size Equiv. Length Pressure Drop Velocity

(inches) (feet) (psi) (ft. water) (ft/sec) (inches) (feet) (psi) (ft. water) (ft/sec)

3.00 574 10.7 24.72 6.5 4.00 594 2.8 6.49 3.8

Page 1

04/24/2000

PIPELINE SIZING CALCULATION

CLIENT Sample REV 0 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 PREPARED BY S. Hall DATE 24-Apr-2000 APPROVAL W.O. UNIT Process 10314 AREA Tank Farm LINE NO. Liquid Example REQUISITION NO. SPECIFICATION NO. 18103 PROCURED BY INSTALLED BY

Fluid Service Pipe Specification Surface Roughness Insulation Ambient Temperature

(feet) (deg F)

General Raw Material Transfer A: 150 lb Carbon Steel 0.00015 None 80 Process Data Toluene (liquid) 150 300 59 75 (= 54.10 lb/cu.ft.) 0.867 0.6290099

Fluid Pumped Design Flow Rate Maximum Flow Rate Flowing Temperature Nominal Pressure Specific Gravity Viscosity

(gallons/minute) (gallons/minute) (deg F) (psia) (centipoise)

Basis for Sizing: Optimum Economic Diameter Nom. Size 2 3 4 O.D. (in.) 2.375 3.500 4.500 Wall (in.) 0.218 0.216 0.237 I.D. (in.) 1.939 3.068 4.026 Reynolds Number 3.37E+05 2.13E+05 1.62E+05 Friction Factor 0.0203 0.0193 0.0191 Pressure Drop/100 equiv ft (psi) (ft water) (ft liq) 19.51 45.06 51.98 1.87 4.31 4.97 0.47 1.09 1.26 Velocity (ft/sec) 16.30 6.51 3.78

===>

Sched 80 40 40

Physical Layout 90 deg Ell - TEE-Line Flow - Globe Valve Long Rad. Ell 8 TEE-Brnch Flow 1 Gate Valve 45 deg Ell - Bell Mouth Inlet - Ball Valve (red. port) 180 deg Bend - Sq. Mouth Inlet - Butterfly Valve Straight Feet of Pipe (measured through centerline of fittings): Heat Loss Nom. Size 2 3 4 units Btu/hr-ft Btu/hr-ft Btu/hr-ft Bare (15) (24) (28) 0.5 in n/a n/a n/a

1 500

Plug Valve Angle Valve Swing Check Valve Re-Entrant Pipe feet

1 -

===>

Pipe is Uninsulated 1 in 1-1/2 in n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a

2 in n/a n/a n/a

3 in n/a n/a n/a

Summary of Results Nom. Size 2 3 4 Eq Lgth (ft) 551 574 594 Pressure Drop (psi) (ft water) (ft liq) 107.53 248.39 286.5 10.70 24.72 28.5 2.81 6.49 7.5 Bare (7,655) (11,787) (13,950) 0.5 in n/a n/a n/a Heat Loss (Gain), But/hr 1 in 1-1/2 in n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 2 in n/a n/a n/a 3 in n/a n/a n/a

===>

EFFECT OF FLOW VARIATION

CLIENT Sample REV 0 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 PREPARED BY S. Hall DATE 24-Apr-2000 APPROVAL W.O. UNIT Process 10314 AREA Tank Farm LINE NO. Liquid Example REQUISITION NO. SPECIFICATION NO. 18103 PROCURED BY INSTALLED BY

Fluid Service Pipe Specification Surface Roughness Insulation Ambient Temperature

(feet) (deg F)

General Raw Material Transfer A: 150 lb Carbon Steel 0.00015 None 80 Process Data Toluene (liquid) 150 300 59 75 0.867 (= 54.10 lb/cu.ft.) 0.6290099 Flow (gpm) 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 Flow (gpm) 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 Flow (gpm) 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 Reynolds Number
67,335 134,670 202,005 269,340 336,674 404,009 471,344 538,679 606,014 673,349

Fluid Pumped Design Flow Rate Maximum Flow Rate Flowing Temperature Nominal Pressure Specific Gravity Viscosity Smaller Pipe Size Schedule Outside Diameter Wall Thickness Inside Diameter

(gallons/minute) (gallons/minute) (deg F) (psia) (centipoise) 2 in. 80 2.375 0.218 1.939

(in.) (in.) (in.)

Selected Pipe Size Schedule Outside Diameter Wall Thickness Inside Diameter

(in.) (in.) (in.)

3 in. 40 3.500 0.216 3.068

Reynolds Number
42,556 85,112 127,669 170,225 212,781 255,337 297,893 340,449 383,006 425,562

Next Larger Pipe Size Schedule Outside Diameter Wall Thickness Inside Diameter

(in.) (in.) (in.)

4 in. 40 4.500 0.237 4.026

Reynolds Number
32,430 64,860 97,289 129,719 162,149 194,579 227,009 259,438 291,868 324,298

Friction Factor 0.0231 0.0215 0.0209 0.0206 0.0203 0.0202 0.0201 0.0200 0.0199 0.0199 Friction Factor 0.0235 0.0212 0.0202 0.0197 0.0193 0.0190 0.0188 0.0187 0.0185 0.0184 Friction Factor 0.0243 0.0215 0.0203 0.0195 0.0191 0.0187 0.0184 0.0182 0.0181 0.0179

DeltaP/100 equiv ft (psi) (ft water) 2.04 0.88 7.61 3.29 16.62 7.19 29.06 12.58 44.93 19.45 64.22 27.80 86.93 37.63 113.06 48.94 142.60 61.73 175.56 76.00 DeltaP/100 equiv ft (psi) (ft water) 0.21 0.09 0.76 0.33 1.62 0.70 2.80 1.21 4.30 1.86 6.10 2.64 8.22 3.56 10.65 4.61 13.38 5.79 16.43 7.11 DeltaP/100 equiv ft (psi) (ft water) 0.06 0.02 0.20 0.09 0.42 0.18 0.72 0.31 1.09 0.47 1.54 0.67 2.07 0.90 2.67 1.16 3.35 1.45 4.10 1.78

Velocity (ft/sec) 3.26 6.52 9.78 13.04 16.30 19.56 22.82 26.08 29.34 32.60 Velocity (ft/sec) 1.30 2.60 3.91 5.21 6.51 7.81 9.12 10.42 11.72 13.02 Velocity (ft/sec) 0.76 1.51 2.27 3.03 3.78 4.54 5.29 6.05 6.81 7.56

EQUIVALENT LENGTH OF PIPE

CLIENT Sample REV 0 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 PREPARED BY S. Hall DATE 24-Apr-2000 APPROVAL W.O. UNIT Process 10314 AREA Tank Farm LINE NO. Liquid Example REQUISITION NO. SPECIFICATION NO. 18103 PROCURED BY INSTALLED BY

Fluid Service Pipe Specification

General Raw Material Transfer A: 150 lb Carbon Steel

Pipe Size Fittings 90 deg Ell Long Rad. Ell 45 deg Ell TEE-Line Flow TEE-Branch Flow 180 deg Bend Globe Valve Gate Valve Ball Valve (red. port) Butterfly Valve Plug Valve Angle Valve Swing Check Valve Bell Mouth Inlet Square Mouth Inlet Re-Entrant Pipe Straight Pipe Total Equiv Feet Qty 0 8 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

2 inch Equiv. Ft. 0.0 21.6 0.0 0.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 500 551

Qty 0 8 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

3 inch Equiv. Ft. 0.0 32.0 0.0 0.0 14.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 500 574

Qty 0 8 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

4 inch Equiv. Ft. 0.0 40.0 0.0 0.0 19.0 0.0 0.0 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 32.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 500 594

Equivalent lengths are calculated using a table of values. If the fitting/size combination does not appear in the table, the "K Value" method is used. "K Value" data are from the Hydraulic Institute, Pipe Friction Manual, regressed.

SELECTED PIPE DIAMETER

CLIENT Sample REV 0 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 PREPARED BY S. Hall DATE 24-Apr-2000 APPROVAL W.O. UNIT Process 10314 AREA Tank Farm LINE NO. Liquid Example REQUISITION NO. SPECIFICATION NO. 18103 PROCURED BY INSTALLED BY

Fluid Service Pipe Specification Surface Roughness Insulation Ambient Temperature

(feet) (deg F)

General Raw Material Transfer A: 150 lb Carbon Steel 0.00015 None 80 Process Data Toluene (liquid) 150 300 59 75 0.867 (= 54.10 lb/cu.ft.) 0.6290099 Economic Data

Fluid Pumped Design Flow Rate Maximum Flow Rate Flowing Temperature Nominal Pressure Specific Gravity Viscosity

(gallons/minute) (gallons/minute) (deg F) (psia) (centipoise)

Purchase cost of new pipe, 1 inch diameter, $/ft Ratio of costs for fittings & installation to purch. cost of pipe Factor relating pipe cost to diameter (exponential) Frictional loss due to fittings and bends, % of straight pipe Operation, hours/yr Cost of electricity, $/kwhr Efficiency of motor and pump, % Annual fixed charges for maintenance, % of pipe cost Basis for Sizing: Optimum Economic Diameter Optimum diameter calculated using Peters & Timmerhaus formula Closest pipe size from specified material class Smaller Size Actual Size Velocity Reynolds No. Friction Factor Pressure Drop inch nominal size inch actual inside diameter feet/second 2 1.939 16.30 336,674 0.0203 19.508 Selected Size 3 3.068 6.51 212,781 0.0193 1.865

$1.75 5 1.30 35% 8,000 $0.15 60% 20%

3.11 3 Next Larger Size 4 4.026 3.78 162,149 0.0191 0.474

psi/100 equiv ft

Calculated Costs, $ per year per foot of installed piping: Pumping Cost Initial Piping Annual Piping Total (power) (capital expenditure) (maintenance) 2 $35.29 $25.85 $5.17 $40.46 3 $3.83 $43.80 $8.76 $12.59 4 $1.03 $63.66 $12.73 $13.76

Reference:

Peters & Timmerhaus Plant Design and Economics for Chemical Engineers