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S GIO DC & O TO NNG
TRUNG TM LTH H S PHM



L THUYT V BI TP
LTH HA HC TP 1

I CNG HU C - HIROCACBON
ANCOL PHENOL - ANDEHIT - AXIT HU C
GV Hunh Phc Hi - HSPN







Ti liu ny ca HS :..
Lp :..




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Nng nm 2011


BI 1: I CNG V HA HU C

I. Mt s khi nim
- Hp cht hu c
- c im chung ca HCHC :
+ Thnh phn v cu to : Hp cht hu c nht thit phi cha cacbon. Cc nguyn t
cacbon thng lin kt vi nhau ng thi lin kt vi nguyn t ca cc nguyn t khc nh
H, O, N, S, P, halogen,... Lin kt ho hc cc hp cht hu c thng l lin kt cng ho
tr.
+ V tnh cht vt l : Cc hp cht hu c thng c nhit nng chy, nhit si
thp (d bay hi) v thng khng tan hoc t tan trong nc, nhng tan trong dung mi hu
c.
+ V tnh cht ho hc : a s cc hp cht hu c khi b t th chy, chng km bn
vi nhit nn d b phn hu bi nhit. Phn ng ca cc hp cht hu c thng xy ra chm,
khng hon ton, khng theo mt hng nht nh, thng cn un nng hoc cn c xc tc.
- Phng php tch, tinh ch hp cht hu c
+ Chng ct
+ Chit
+ Kt tinh
II. Phn loi v danh php
1. Phn loi
- Hirocacbon
- Dn xut ca hirocacbon
2. Danh php
a) Tn thng thng
b) Tn h thng
- Tn gc chc : tn phn gc + tn phn nh chc
- Tn thay th :
Tn thay th Tn phn th
(c th khng c)
Tn mch cacbon chnh
(bt buc phi c)
Tn phn nh chc
(bt buc phi c)


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S m Mch cacbon chnh
1 mono
2 i
3 tri
4 tetra
5 penta
6 hexa
7 hepta
8 octa
9 nona
10 eca
C met
C-C et
C-C-C prop
C-C-C-C but
C-C-C-C-C pent
C-C-C-C-C-C hex
C-C-C-C-C-C-C hep
C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C oct
C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C non
C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C ec


Khng xut pht t
s m



Xut pht t s m


BI TP I CNG V HA HU C
Cu 1. Ankan X c cng thc cu to :
Tn gi ca X l
A. 2isopropylbutan B. 3isopropylbutan
C. 2,3imetylpentan D. 3,4imetylpentan
Cu 2 : Hp cht CH
3
CH(CH
3
)CH(CH
3
)CH=CH
2
c tn gi l
A. 3,4imetylpent1en B. 2,3imetylpent4en
C. 3,4imetylpent2en D. 2,3imetylpent1en
Cu 3 : Trng hp no sau y c cng thc cu to khng ng vi tn gi cho ?
I sopentan 3-etyl -2-metyl pentan
neopentan 3,3-i etyl pentan
CH
3
CHCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
CH
3
CHCHCH
2
CH
3
CH
3
CHCH
3
CH
3
CH
2
CHCH
2
CH
3
CH
3
CH
2
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
A.
B.
D.
C.

Cu 4 : Hp cht hu c X c cng thc C
4
H
9
Br. un hn hp gm X, KOH v ancol etylic
thy ch to ra but1en. Tn gi ca X l
A. 1brombutan B. 2brombutan
C. 1brom2metylpropan D. 2brom2metylpropan
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Cu 5 : Hp cht hu c X c cng thc cu to : CH
2
=CHOCOCH
3
. Tn gi ca X l
A. metyl acrylat B. vinyl axetat
C. vinyl fomat D. anlyl fomat
Cu 6 : Amin (CH
3
)
2
CH-NH-CH
3
c tn gi l
A. N-metylpropan-2-amin B. N-metylisopropylamin
C. metylpropylamin D. N-metyl-2-metyletanamin
Cu 7 : Amin CH
3
-NH-C
2
H
5
c tn gi gc - chc l
A. propan-2-amin B. etyl metyl amin
C. metyletylamin D. etylmetylamin
Cu 8 : Tn gi no sau y khng ng vi cht c cng thc CH
3
CH(NH
2
)COOH?
A. axit 2-aminopropanoic B. axit -aminopropionic
C. axit -aminopropanoic D. alanin
Cu 9 : Tn thay th ca cht c cu to CH
3
CHClCH
3
l
A. 2-clopropan B. propyl clorua
C. propylclorua D. 2-clo propan
Cu 10: Tn gi ca C
6
H
5
-NH-CH
3
l
A. metylphenylamin. B. N-metylanilin.
C. N-metylbenzenamin. D. c A, B, C u ng.
Cu 11 : Tn gi ca cht CH
3
CH CH CH
3
l
C
2
H
5
CH
3

A. 2-etyl-3-metylbutan. B. 3-etyl-2-metylbutan.
C. 2,3-imetylpentan. D. 2,3-imetylbutan.
Cu 12 : Tn gi ca cht hu c X c CTCT :
2 5
3 2 2 3
3
3
C H
|
|
CH
CH C CH CH CH CH
|
CH
L :
A. 2-metyl-2,4-ietylhexan C. 5-etyl-3,3-imetylheptan
B. 2,4-ietyl-2-metylhexan D. 3-etyl-5,5-imetylheptan
Cu 13 : Trong cc cht di y, cht no c gi tn l ivinyl ?
A. CH
2
= C = CH-CH
3
B. CH
2
= CH-CH = CH
2

C. CH
2
-CH-CH
2
-CH = CH
2
D. CH
2
= CH - CH = CH - CH
3

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Cu 14 : Cht
3
3
3
CH
|
CH C C CH
|
CH
c tn gi l ?
A. 2,2-imetylbut-1-in B. 2,2-imeylbut-3-in
C. 3,3-imeylbut-1-in D. 3,3-imeylbut-2-in
Cu 15 :
Cht c tn l g ?



A. 1-butyl-3-metyl-4-etylbenzen. B. 1-butyl-4-etyl-3-metylbenzen.
C. 1-etyl-2-metyl-4-butylbenzen. D. 4-butyl-1-etyl-2-metylbenzen.
Cu 16 : Cht
3 2
3
CH CH CH COOH
|
CH
tn gi l :
A. Axit 2-metylpropanoic B. Axit 2-metylbutanoic
C. Axit 3-metylbuta-1-oic D. Axit 3-metylbutanoic.
Cu 17 : Gi tn hp cht c CTCT nh sau theo danh php thay th ?

2 2
3
OHC -CH - CH -CH - CH = CH - CHO
|
CH

A. 5-metylhep-2-en-1,7-dial B. iso-octen-5-dial
C. 3-metylhep-5-en-1,7-dial D. iso-octen-2-dial
Cu 18 : Gi tn hp cht c CTCT nh sau theo danh php thay th :

3 2
2 5 2 5
CH - CH CH - CH - COOH
| |
C H C H

A. 2,4-ietylpentanoic B. 2-metyl-4-etylhexanoic
C. 2-etyl-4-metylhexanoic D. 4-metyl-2-etylhexanoic
Cu 19 : Gi tn hp cht c CTCT nh sau theo danh php gc chc.

3 2 2 2 2 3
3
CH CH CH CH N CH CH
|
CH

A. Etylmetylaminobutan C. butyletylmetylamin
B. etylmetylbutylamin D. metyletylbutylamin
Cu 20 : Gi tn hp cht c CTCT nh sau theo danh php thng thng :
CH
2
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
CH
3
CH
3
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A. 1-amino-3-metyl benzen. C. m-toludin.
B. m-metylanilin. D. C B, C.
Cu 21 Nhng phn t no sau y c th c phn ng trng hp: 1. CH
2
=CH
2
2. CHCH;
3. CH
2
=CHCl; 4. CH
3
-CH
3

A. 1, 3. B. 3, 2. C. 1, 2, 3, 4. D. 1, 2, 3
Cu 22: Hp cht n chc:
A. L hp cht hu c c mt loi nhm chc.
B. L hp cht hu c c t hai nhm chc cng loi tr ln.
C. L hp cht hu c ch c mt nhm chc.
D. L hp cht hu c ch c mt loi nhm chc v c t hai nhm chc tr ln.
Cu 23 ng phn :
A. L nhng cht hu c khc nhau v s phn b cc nguyn t trong khng gian.
B. L nhng cht hu c c cng cng thc tng qut nhng khc nhau v cng thc cu
to.
C. L nhng cht hu c c cng cng thc phn t nhng khc nhau cng thc cu to
nn tnh cht khc nhau.
D. L nhng cht c cu to tng t nhau nhng thnh phn phn t hn km nhau mt
hay nhiu nhm (-CH
2
-).
Cu 24 Hp cht a chc:
A. L nhng cht hu c c t hai nhm chc cng loi tr ln.
B. L hp cht hu c ch c mt loi nhm chc vi s lng nhm t hai tr ln.
C. L hp cht hu c c t hai nhm chc khc loi tr ln.
D. L hp cht hu c ch c mt nhm chc.
Cu 25 Hp cht tp chc:
A. L hp cht hu c c t hai loi nhm chc tr ln.
B. L hp cht hu c c t hai nhm chc tr ln.
C. L hp cht hu c c nhiu nhm chc.
D. L hp cht hu c c hai nhm chc.
Cu 26 Hp cht a chc v hp cht tp chc ging nhau ch:
A. u l hp cht c nhiu nhm chc.
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B. u l hp cht cha cc nhm chc ging nhau.
C. Phn t lun c lin kt .
D. Mch cacbon trong phn t c lin kt .
Cu 27 Nhit si ca ancol etylic (1), ancol metylic (2), axeton (3) dimetyl ete (4) xp theo
trt t gim dn l:
A. (1) > (2) > (3) > (4) B. (1) > (2) > (4) > (3)
C. (1) > (3) > (4) > (2) D. (4) > (3) > (2) > (1)
Cu 28 Ancol etylic (1), etyl bromua (2) v etan (3), trt t v tan trong nc gim dn l:
A. (1), (3), (2) B. (1), (2), (3) C. (3), (2), (1) D. (2), (1), (3)
Cu 29 So snh nhit si ca cc cht sau ancol etylic (1) , etyl clorua (2), ietyl ete (3)
v axit axetic (4) ta c:
A. (1 ) > (2) > (3) > (4) B. (4) > (3) > (2) > (1 )
C. (4) > (1) > (3) > (2) D. (1) > (2) > (3) > (4)
Cu 30 Sp xp cc cht sau y theo trnh t tng dn nhit si: CH
3
COOH (1),
HCOOCH
3
(2), CH
3
CH
2
COOH (3), CH
3
COOCH
3
(4), CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
OH (5)
A. (3) > (5) > (1 ) > (2) > (4) B. (1 ) > (3) > (4) > (5) > (2)
C. (3) > (1) > (4) > (5) > (2) D. (3) > (1) > (5) > (4) > (2)
Cu 31 Anehit axetic c nhit si thp (t
o
S
= 21
o
C) l v :
A. C lin kt hiro gia cc phn t andehyt.
B. Anehit axetic c khi lng phn t nh.
C. Lin kt =C=O trong CHO b phn cc.
D. Anehit axetic c phn t khi thp v khng c lin kt hiro.
Cu 32 Sp xp cc hp cht: CH
3
COOH, C
2
H
5
OH v C
6
H
5
OH theo th t tnh axit tng
dn. Trng hp no sau y ng?
A. C
2
H
5
OH < CH
3
COOH < C
6
H
5
OH B. C
6
H
5
OH < CH
3
COOH < C
2
H
5
OH
C. CH
3
COOH < C
6
H
5
OH < C
2
H
5
OH D. C
2
H
5
OH < C
6
H
5
OH < CH
3
COOH

HIROCACBON MCH H
I - ANKAN
1. Tnh cht vt l

Ankan Cng thc C
n
,
o
nc
t C ,
o
s
t C Khi lng ring (g/cm
3
)
Metan CH
4
C
1
-183 -162
0,415 (-164C)
Etan CH
3
CH
3
C
2
-183 -89
0,561 (-100C)
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Propan CH
3
CH
2
CH
3
C
3
-188 -42
0,585 (-45C)
Butan CH
3
[CH
2
]
2
CH
3
C
4
-158 -0,5
0,600 ( 0C)
Pentan CH
3
[CH
2
]
3
CH
3
C
5
-130 36
0,626 (20C )
Hexan CH
3
[CH
2
]
4
CH
3
C
6
-95 69
0,660 (20C )
Heptan CH
3
[CH
2
]
5
CH
3
C
7
-91 98
0,684 (20C )
Octan CH
3
[CH
2
]
6
CH
3
C
8
-57 126
0,703 (20C )
Nonan CH
3
[CH
2
]
7
CH
3
C
9
-54 151
0,718 (20C )
ekan CH
3
[CH
2
]
8
CH
3
C
10
-30 174
0,730 (20C )
Icosan CH
3
[CH
2
]
18
CH
3
C
20
37 343
0,778 (20C )

2.Tnh cht ha hc
a. Phn ng th
Khi chiu sng hoc t nng hn hp metan v clo s xy ra phn ng th ln lt cc nguyn t
hiro bng clo :
CH
4
+ Cl
2
CH
3
Cl + HCl
metyl clorua (clometan)
CH
3
Cl + Cl
2
CH
2
Cl
2
+ HCl
metylen clorua (iclometan)
CH
2
Cl
2
+ Cl
2
CHCl
3
+ HCl
clorofom (triclometan)
CHCl
3
+ Cl
2
CCl
4
+ HCl
cacbon tetraclorua (tetraclometan)
Cc ng ng ca metan cng tham gia phn ng th tng t metan. Th d :
CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
3

2
o
Cl ,as.
25 C
CH
3
-CHCl -CH
3
+ CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-Cl + HCl
2-clopropan, 57% 1-clopropan, 43%
CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
3

2
o
Br , as.
25 C
CH
3
-CHBr -CH
3
+ CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-Br + HBr
97% (chnh) 3% (ph)
Phn ng th H bng halogen thuc loi phn ng halogen ho, sn phm hu c c cha
halogen gi l dn xut halogen.
Clo th H cacbon cc bc khc nhau. Brom hu nh ch th cho H cacbon bc cao. Flo phn
ng mnh lit nn phn hu ankan thnh C v HF. Iot qu yu nn khng phn ng vi ankan.
b. Phn ng tch (gy lin kt C - C v C - H)
CH
3
- CH
3

o
500 C, xt
CH
2
= CH
2
+ H
2

CH
3
CH=CHCH
3
+ H
2

CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
3

o
500 C, xt
CH
3
CH=CH
2
+ CH
4

CH
2
=CH
2
+ CH
3
CH
3

c. Phn ng oxi ho
- Khi t, cc ankan b chy to ra CO
2
, H
2
O v to nhiu nhit :
CH
4
+ 2O
2
CO
2
+ 2H
2
O ; = AH 890 kJ
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C
n
H
2n+2
+
3n 1
2
+
O
2
n CO
2
+ (n + 1) H
2
O
- Khi c xc tc, nhit thch hp, ankan b oxi ho khng hon ton to thnh dn xut cha
oxi, th d :
CH
4
+ O
2

o
t ,xt
HCH = O + H
2
O

II - ANKEN
1. Tnh cht vt l
Anken Cu to t
nc
,

C t
s
,

C D, g/cm
3

Eten (etilen) CH
2
= CH
2
- 169 - 104 0,57 (-110
o
C)
Propen CH
2
= CHCH
3
- 186 - 47 0,61 (- 50
o
C)
But-1-en CH
2
= CHCH
2
CH
3
- 130 - 6 0,63 (- 6
o
C)
2-Metylpropen CH
2
= C(CH
3
)
2
- 141 - 7 0,63 (- 7
o
C)
Pent-1-en CH
2
= CHCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
- 165 30 0,64 (20
0
C)
cis -Pent-2-en cis-CH
3
CH = CHC
2
H
5
- 151 37 0,66 (20
o
C)
trans -Pent-2-en trans-CH
3
CH = CHC
2
H
5
- 140 36 0,65 (20
o
C)
Hex-1-en CH
2
= CH[CH
2
]
3
CH
3
- 140 64 0,68 (20
o
C)
Hept-1-en CH
2
= CH[CH
2
]
4
CH
3
- 119 93 0,70 (20
o
C)
Oct-1-en CH
2
= CH[CH
2
]
5
CH
3
- 102 122 0,72 (20
o
C)
Non-1-en CH
2
= CH[CH
2
]
6
CH
3
- 146 0,73 (20
o
C)
ek-1-en CH
2
= CH[CH
2
]
7
CH
3
- 87 171 0,74 (20
o
C)
2. Tnh cht vt l
a. Phn ng cng hiro (phn ng hiro ho)
CH
2
= CH
2
+ H
2

o
xt , t
CH
3
-CH
3

R
1
R
2
C = CR
3
R
4
+ H
2

o
xt , t
R
1
R
2
CH-CHR
3
R
4

b. Phn ng cng halogen (phn ng halogen ho)
a) Tc dng vi clo
CH
2
= CH
2
+ Cl
2

2 2
Cl CH CH Cl (1,2-icloetan, t
s
83,5
o
C)
b) Tc dng vi brom
CH
3
CH = CHCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
+ Br
2

3 2 2 3
| |
CH CH CH CH CH CH
Br Br
(2,3-ibromhexan)
Anken lm mt mu ca dung dch brom, v th ngi ta thng dng nc brom hoc dung
dch brom trong CCl
4
lm thuc th nhn bit anken.
c. Phn ng cng axit v cng nc
a) Cng axit
Hiro halogenua (HCl, HBr, HI), axit sunfuric

m c c th cng vo anken.
Th d : CH
2
= CH
2
+ H-Cl (kh ) CH
3
CH
2
Cl (etyl clorua)
CH
2
= CH
2
+ H-OSO
3
H CH
3
CH
2
OSO
3
H (etyl hirosunfat)
b) Cng nc (phn ng hirat ho)
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nhit thch hp v c xc tc axit, anken c th cng nc, th d :
CH
2
= CH
2
+ H-OH
o
H , t
+

2 2
CH CH H OH (etanol)
c) Hng ca phn ng cng axit v nc vo anken
Phn ng cng axit hoc nc vo anken khng i xng thng to ra hn hp hai ng phn,
trong c mt ng phn l sn phm chnh. Th d :
CH
2
= CH-CH
3
HCl


2 3
| |
CH CH CH
H Cl
+
2 3
| |
CH CH CH
H Cl

(Sn phm chnh) (Sn phm ph)
2 3
|
3
CH C CH
CH
=
| |
HOH
2 3
|
3
CH C CH
CH
H OH
+
| |
2 3
|
3
CH C CH
CH
OH H

(Sn phm chnh) (Sn phm ph)
Quy tc Mac-cp-nhi-cp
Trong phn ng cng axit hoc nc (k hiu chung l HA) vo lin kt C= C ca anken, H
(phn t mang in tch dng) u tin cng vo C mang nhiu H hn (cacbon bc thp hn),
cn A (phn t mang in tch m) u tin cng vo C mang t H hn (cacbon bc cao hn).
d. Phn ng trng hp
nCH
2
= CH
2

o
Peoxi t ,100 300 C
100atm

( CH
2
-CH
2
)
n
(polietilen, n= 3000 - 40 000)

2
|
3
nCH CH
CH
=
0
t , xt

2
|
3
n
CH CH
CH
(polipropilen)
Phn ng trng hp l qu trnh kt hp lin tip nhiu phn t nh ging nhau hoc tng t
nhau to thnh nhng phn t rt ln gi l polime.
Trong phn ng trng hp, cht u (cc phn t nh) c gi l monome. Sn phm ca phn
ng gm nhiu mt xch monome hp thnh nn c gi l polime. S lng mt xch
monome trong mt phn t polime gi l h s trng hp v k hiu l n.
e. Phn ng oxi ho
Ging vi ankan, anken chy hon ton to ra CO
2
, H
2
O v to nhiu nhit :
C
n
H
2n
+
3n
2
O
2
nCO
2
+ nH
2
O ; H A < 0
Khc vi ankan, anken lm mt mu dung dch KMnO
4
v b oxi ho. Th d :
3CH
2
= CH
2
+ 2KMnO
4
+ 4H
2
O 3HOCH
2
-CH
2
OH + 2MnO
2
+ 2KOH
(etylen glicol)

III - ANKIN
1. Cu trc phn t
Trong phn t ankin, hai nguyn t C lin kt ba trng thi lai ho sp (lai ho ng thng).
Lin kt ba C C gm 1 lin kt v 2 lin kt t. Hai nguyn t C mang lin kt ba v 2
nguyn t lin kt trc tip vi chng nm trn mt ng thng.

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2. Tnh cht ha hc
a. Phn ng cng
- Cng hiro : Khi c xc tc Ni, Pt, Pd nhit
thch hp, ankin cng vi H
2
to thnh ankan
:
Mun dng li giai on to ra anken th phi
dng xc tc l hn hp Pd vi PbCO
3
:

CHCH + 2H
2

0
Ni , t
CH
3
CH
3

CHCH + H
2

Pd / PbCO
3
CH
2
= CH
2
- Cng brom : Ging nh anken, ankin lm mt mu nc brom, phn ng xy ra qua hai giai
on. Mun dng li giai on th nht th cn thc hin phn ng nhit thp, th d :
C
2
H
5
-C C-C
2
H
5
2
o
Br
20 C
+

2 5 2 5
| |
C H C C C H
Br Br
=
2
Br

| |
2 5 2 5
| |
Br Br
C H C C C H
Br Br

hex-3-in 3,4-ibromhex-3-en 3,3,4,4-tetrabromhexan
- Cng hiro clorua
CH CH + HCl

2
o
HgCl
150 200 C
CH
2
= CH - Cl (vinyl clorua)
CH
2
= CH - Cl + HCl CH
3
- CHCl
2
(1,1-icloetan)
- Cng nc (hirat ho)
Khi c mt xc tc HgSO
4
trong mi trng axit, H
2
O cng vo lin kt ba to ra hp cht
trung gian khng bn v chuyn thnh anehit hoc xeton, th d :
HC CH + H-OH
2
,
4 4
o
HgSO H SO
80 C
[CH
2
= CH OH] CH
3
CH = O
etin (khng bn) anehit axetic
Phn ng cng HX, H
2
O vo cc ankin trong dy ng ng ca axetilen cng tun theo quy tc
Mac-cp-nhi-cp nh anken.
- Phn ng ime ho v trime ho
2CH CH
0
xt , t
CH
2
= CH - C CH
vinylaxetilen
3CHCH
0
xt, t
C
6
H
6
b. Phn ng th bng ion kim loi
AgNO
3
+ 3NH
3
+ H
2
O [Ag(NH
3
)
2
]
+
OH
-
+ NH
4
NO
3

(phc cht, tan trong nc)
HCCH + 2[Ag(NH
3
)
2
]OH Ag CC Ag+ + 2H
2
O + 4NH
3

(kt ta mu vng nht)
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Phn ng ny khng nhng dng nhn ra axetilen m c cc ankin c nhm H C C- (cc
ankin m lin kt ba u mch) :
R C C H + [Ag(NH
3
)
2
]OH RC CAg+ + H
2
O + 2NH
3

(kt ta mu vng nht)
c. Phn ng oxi ho
Cc ankin chy trong khng kh to ra CO
2
, H
2
O v to nhiu nhit :
C
n
H
2n-2
+
2
3n 1
O
2

nCO
2
+ (n 1)H
2
O ; AH < 0
Ging nh anken, ankin lm mt mu dung dch KMnO
4
. Khi n b oxi ho lin kt ba to
ra cc sn phm phc tp, cn KMnO
4
th b kh thnh MnO
2
(kt ta mu nu en).
III - iu ch v ng dng


BI TP HIROCACBON MCH H

Cu 1: Hai hirocacbon A v B c cng CTPT C
5
H
12
tc dng vi Cl
2
theo t l mol 1 : 1 th A
to ra mt dn xut duy nht cn B th cho 4 dn xut. Tn gi ca A v B ln lt l
A. 2,2-imetylpropan v 2-metylbutan. B. 2,2-imetylpropan v pentan.
C. 2-metylbutan v 2,2-imetylpropan. D. 2-metylbutan v pentan.
Cu 2: Cho cc ankan C
2
H
6
, C
3
H
8
, C
4
H
10
, C
5
H
12
. Nhm ankan khng c ng phn khi tc
dng vi Cl
2
t l 1 : 1 v s mol to ra dn xut duy nht l
A. C
2
H
6
, C
3
H
8
. B. C
2
H
6
,

C
5
H
12
. C. C
3
H
8
, C
4
H
10
. D. C
3
H
8
, C
4
H
10
, C
5
H
12
.
Cu 3: t chy hon ton mt th tch kh thin nhin gm metan, etan, propan bng oxi khng
kh (trong khng kh, oxi chim 20% th tch), thu c 7,84 lt kh CO
2
( ktc) v 9,9 gam nc.
Th tch khng kh ( ktc) nh nht cn dng t chy hon ton lng kh thin nhin trn l
A. 70,0 lt. B. 78,4 lt. C. 84,0 lt. D. 56,0 lt.
Cu 4: Tin hnh crackinh 2,9 gam butan nhit cao. Sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp
kh A gm CH
4
, C
2
H
6
, C
2
H
4
, C
3
H
6
v C
4
H
10
. t chy A trong kh O
2
d, ri dn ton b sn
phm sinh ra qua bnh ng H
2
SO
4
c. tng khi lng ca bnh ng H
2
SO
4
c l
A. 9,0 gam. B. 6,75 gam. C. 2,25 gam. D. 4,5 gam.
Cu 5: Khi crackinh hon ton mt th tch ankan X thu c ba th tch hn hp Y (cc th
tch kh o cng iu kin nhit v p sut) ; t khi ca Y so vi H
2
bng 12. Cng thc
phn t ca X l
A. C
6
H
14
. B. C
3
H
8
. C. C
4
H
10
. D. C
5
H
12
.
Cu 6: Khi brom ho mt ankan ch thu c mt dn xut monobrom duy nht c t khi hi
i vi hiro l 75,5. Tn ca ankan l
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A. 3,3-imetylhecxan. B. 2,2-imetylpropan. C. isopentan. D. 2,2,3-trimetylpentan.
Cu 7: t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon X thu c 0,11 mol CO
2
v 0,132 mol H
2
O. Khi
X tc dng vi kh clo (theo t l s mol 1 : 1) thu c mt sn phm hu c duy nht. Tn
gi ca X l
A. 2-metylbutan. B. etan. C. 2,2-imetylpropan. D. 2-metylpropan.
Cu 8: Khi cho ankan X (trong phn t c phn trm khi lng cacbon bng 83,72%) tc
dng vi clo theo t l s mol 1 : 1 (trong iu kin chiu sng) ch thu c 2 dn xut
monoclo ng phn ca nhau. Tn ca X l
A. 2-metylpropan. B. 2,3-imetylbutan. C. butan. D. 3-metylpentan.
Cu 9: Hirocacbon mch h X trong phn t ch cha lin kt o v c hai nguyn t cacbon
bc ba trong mt phn t. t chy hon ton 1 th tch X sinh ra 6 th tch CO
2
( cng iu
kin nhit , p sut). Khi cho X tc dng vi Cl
2
(theo t l s mol 1 : 1), s dn xut
monoclo ti a sinh ra l
A. 3. B. 4. C. 2. D. 5.
Cu 10: Cng thc n gin nht ca mt hirocacbon l C
n
H
2n+1
. Hirocacbon thuc dy
ng ng ca
A. ankan. B. ankin. C. ankaien. D. anken.
Cu 11: S ng phn cu to ca anken ng vi cng thc phn t C
5
H
10
(khng k ng
phn cis - trans) l
A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 10.
Cu 12: Trong phng th nghim etilen c iu ch bng cch
A. tch hiro t etan. B. crackinh propan.
C. un nng ancol etylic vi H
2
SO
4
c 170
o
C. D. cng hiro vo axetilen.
Cu 13: S sn phm ti a to thnh khi cho isopren tc dng vi HBr theo t l mol 1 : 1 l
A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6.
Cu 14: Hp cht CH
3
CH
2
-CH(CH
3
)-CC-CH(CH
3
)
2
c tn l
A. 3,6-imetylhept-4-in. B. isopropylisobutylaxetilen.
C. 5-etyl-2-metylhex-3-in. D. 2,5-imetylhept-3-in.
Cu 15: Pht biu no sau y l khng ng ?
A. Trong phn t hirocacbon, s nguyn t hiro lun l s chn.
B. Trong phn t anken, lin kt i gm mt lin kt o v mt lin kt t .
C. Hirocacbon no l hirocacbon m trong phn t ch c lin kt n.
D. Cng thc chung ca hirocacbon no c dng C
n
H
2n + 2
.
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Cu 16: C 5 cht: metan, etilen, propin, buta-1,3-ien, xiclopentan. S lng cc cht c kh
nng lm mt mu dung dch brom l
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
Cu 17: Cho s chuyn ho: Metan
(1)
X
1

( 2)
X
2

(3)
X
3

( 4)
Cao su buna
X
2
l cht no sau y ?
A. Axetilen. B. Etilen. C. Vinylaxetilen. D. Etilen hoc axetilen.
Cu 18: T vi, than v cc cht v c cn thit. S phn ng ti thiu iu ch etylen
glicol l
A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 7.
Cu 19: Cho hirocacbon Y tc dng vi brom trong iu kin thch hp, ch thu c mt
dn xut cha brom c t khi hi i vi hiro l 75,5. Cng thc phn t ca Y l
A. C
5
H
10
. B. C
4
H
10
. C. C
5
H
12
. D. C
6
H
6
.
Cu 20: t chy hon ton 4,3 gam mt hirocacbon X cn dng va V lt O
2
( ktc),
thu c hn hp sn phm trong khi lng CO
2
nhiu hn khi lng H
2
O l 6,9 gam.
Cng thc phn t ca X v gi tr V l
A. C
6
H
14
; 10,64. B. C
6
H
14
; 6,72. C. C
5
H
8
; 11,2. D. C
4
H
8
; 10,08.
Cu 21: Hp cht Z c cng thc phn t C
5
H
8
. Hiro ho hon ton Z thu c mt hp cht
no, mch nhnh. Z c kh nng trng hp to ra polime. Cng thc cu to ca Z l
A. (CH
3
)
2
CH-C CH. B. CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-CH=CH
2
.
C. CH
3
-CH=CH-CH=CH
2
. D. CH
2
=C(CH
3
)-CH=CH
2
.
Cu 22: Cho cc cht: xiclobutan, 2-metylpropen, but-1-en, cis-but-2-en, 2-metylbut-2-en. Dy gm
cc cht sau khi phn ng vi H
2
(d, xc tc Ni, t
o
), cho cng mt sn phm l
A. xiclobutan, cis-but-2-en v but-1-en. B. but-1-en, 2-metylpropen v cis-but-2-en.
C. xiclobutan, 2-metylbut-2-en v but-1-en. D. 2-metylpropen, cis-but-2-en v xiclobutan.
Cu 23: Ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z l ng ng k tip, khi lng phn t ca Z bng 2 ln
khi lng phn t ca X. Cc cht X, Y, Z thuc dy ng ng
A. ankan. B. ankaien. C. anken. D. ankin.
Cu 24: tch ring tng cht kh t hn hp propan, propen, propin ta ch cn dng cc
cht l
A. Zn, dung dch Br
2
, dung dch NaOH, dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
.
B. dung dch Br
2
, dung dch HCl, dung dch KMnO
4
, Na.
C. dung dch KMnO
4
, dung dch NaCl, dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
.
D. dung dch HCl, dung dch Br
2
, dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, Zn.
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Cu 25: Mt hirocacbon X cng hp vi axit HCl theo t l mol 1 : 1 to sn phm c
thnh phn khi lng clo l 45,223%. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C
3
H
6
. B. C
3
H
4
. C. C
2
H
4
. D. C
4
H
8
.
Cu 26: t chy hon ton m gam hirocacbon A l cht kh iu kin thng thu c m
gam H
2
O. CTPT ca A l
A. C
4
H
8
. B. C
3
H
8
. C. C
2
H
4
. D. C
4
H
6
.
Cu 27: Ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z k tip nhau trong dy ng ng, trong khi lng
phn t Z gp i khi lng phn t X. t chy 0,1 mol cht Y, sn phm kh hp th
hon ton vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
(d), thu c s gam kt ta l
A. 20. B. 40. C. 30. D. 10.
Cu 28: Cht A c cng thc phn t l C
7
H
8
. Cho A tc dng vi AgNO
3
(d) trong dung
dch NH
3
thu c cht B kt ta. Phn t khi ca B ln hn ca A l 214. S cng thc cu
to c th c ca A l
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 29: t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon Y, ton b sn phm chy c dn vo bnh
ng nc vi trong (d) thy to thnh 6 gam kt ta, ng thi khi lng dung dch gim
1,92 gam. Cng thc cu to ca Y l
A. CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
3
.

B. CH
2
=CH-CH
3
.

C. CHC-CH
3
.

D. CH
2
=C=CH
2
.


Cu 30: Cho 0,1 mol mt hirocacbon X mch h lm mt mu va 300 ml dung dch Br
2

1M, to dn xut c cha 90,22% brom v khi lng. X tc dng vi dung dch AgNO
3
trong
NH
3
to kt ta. Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. CH C-CH
2
-C CH.

B. CH
2
=CH-C CH.


C. CH
3
-CH=CH-CCH. D. CHC-CH
2
-CH=CH
2
.




HIROCACBON THM
I - BENZEN
1. Cu trc ca phn t
Su nguyn t C trong phn t benzen trng thi lai ho sp
2
(lai ho tam gic). Mi
nguyn t C s dng 3 obitan lai ho to lin kt vi 2 nguyn t C bn cnh n v 1
nguyn t H. Su obitan p cn li ca 6 nguyn t C xen ph bn vi nhau to thnh h lin
hp chung cho c vng benzen. Nh vy m lin kt benzen tng i bn vng hn so
vi lin kt anken cng nh nhng hirocacbon khng no khc.
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Su nguyn t C trong phn t benzen to thnh mt lc gic u. C 6 nguyn t C v 6
nguyn t H cng nm trn 1 mt phng (gi l mt phng phn t). Cc gc ho tr u bng
120
o
.
2. Tnh cht
a) Phn ng th
Halogen ha (x tc Fe bt)
C
6
H
6
+ Cl
2

Fe
C
6
H
5
Cl + HCl

Phn ng nitro ho
- Benzen tc dng vi hn hp HNO
3
c v H
2
SO
4
m c to thnh nitrobenzen :



- Nitrobenzen tc dng vi hn hp axit HNO
3
bc khi v H
2
SO
4
m c ng thi un nng
th to thnh m-initrobenzen.


b) Phn ng cng
o
Ni , t
6 6 2 6 12
C H 3H C H +
c. Phn ng oxi ho
Benzen khng tc dng vi KMnO
4
(khng lm mt mu dung dch KMnO
4
).
Cc benzen khi chy trong khng kh thng to ra nhiu mui than v to nhiu nhit.
C
6
H
6
+
15
2
O
2
6 CO
2
+ 3 H
2
O
II. Ankylbenzen
1. Cnh gi tn
Khi thay cc nguyn t hiro trong phn t benzen (C
6
H
6
) bng cc nhm ankyl, ta c cc
ankylbenzen. Th d :
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C
6
H
5
CH
3
C
6
H
5
CH
2
CH
3
C
6
H
5
CH
2
CH
2
-CH
3

Metylbenzen (toluen) etylbenzen propylbenzen
Cc ankylbenzen hp thnh dy ng ng ca benzen c cng thc chung l C
n
H
2n-6
vi n > 6.
Khi coi vng benzen l mch chnh th cc nhm ankyl nh vi n l
mch nhnh (cn gi l nhm th). Ankylbenzen c ng phn mch
cacbon. gi tn chng, phi ch r v tr cc nguyn t C ca vng
bng cc ch s hoc cc ch ci o, m, p (c l ortho, meta, para) nh
hnh bn.





2. Tnh cht ha hc
a) Phn ng th
Tc dng Cl
2
, HNO
3

Quy tc th vng benzen
Khi vng benzen c sn nhm ankyl (hay cc nhm OH, -NH
2
, -OCH
3
), phn ng th vo
vng s d dng hn v u tin xy ra v tr ortho v para. Ngc li, nu vng benzen
c sn nhm NO
2
(hoc cc nhm -COOH, -SO
3
H ) phn ng th vo vng s kh hn v
u tin xy ra v tr meta.
b. Phn ng cng
o
Ni , t
6 6 2 6 12
C H 3H C H +
+
o
Ni , t
6 11 3 2 6 11 3
C H CH 3H C H CH
c. Phn ng oxi ho
Cc ankylbenzen khi un nng vi dung dch KMnO
4
th ch c nhm ankyl b oxi ho.
etylbenzen 1,2-imetylbenzen 1,3-imetylbenzen 1,4-imetylbenzen
o-imetylbenzen m-imetylbenzen p-imetylbenzen
(o-xilen) (m-xilen) (p-xilen)
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Th d : Toluen b KMnO
4
oxi ho thnh kali benzoat, sau tip tc cho tc dng vi axit
clohiric th thu c axit benzoic.
C
6
H
5
CH
3

4 2
0
KMnO , H O
80-100 C

6 5
||
C H C OK
O

HCl

6 5
||
C H C OH
O


BI TP HIROCACBON MCH VNG

Cu 1 : Cht c tn l g ?



A. 1-butyl-3-metyl-4-etylbenzen. B. 1-butyl-4-etyl-3-metylbenzen.
C. 1-etyl-2-metyl-4-butylbenzen. D. 4-butyl-1-etyl-2-metylbenzen.
Cu 2: Mt ng ng ca benzen c CTPT C
8
H
10
. S ng phn ca cht ny l :
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
Cu 3 : Cc cu sau cu no sai ?
A. Benzen c CTPT l C
6
H
6

B. Cht c CTPT C
6
H
6
phi l benzen
C. Cht c cng thc n gin nht l CH khng ch l benzen
D. Benzen c cng thc n gin nht l CH.
Cu 4 : Dng 39 gam C
6
H
6
iu ch toluen. Khi lng toluen to thnh l :
A. 78 g B. 46 g C. 92g D. 107 g
Cu 5 : Cho s :

Cc nhm X,Y ph hp s trn l :
A. X(CH
3
), Y(NO
2
) B. X(NO
2
), Y(CH
3
)
C. X(NH
2
), Y(CH
3
) D. X(-CH
3
) v Y(-NH
2
)
Cu 6 : Cho s :

Cc nhm X,Y khng ph hp vi s trn l :
CH
2
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
CH
3
CH
3
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A. X(CH
3
), Y(Cl) B. X(CH
3
), Y(NO
2
).
C. X(Cl), Y(CH
3
) D. X(NO
2
); Y(CH
3
).
Cu 7 : Cho s :
n 2 n 6
C H (X ) (A ) (B) (C) pol i sti ren


CTPT ph hp ca X l :
A. C
6
H
5
CH
3.
B. C
6
H
6.
C. C
6
H
5
C
2
H
5
D. C
6
H
5
CH(CH
3
)
2
Cu 8 : phn bit 4 cht lng : benzen, toluen, stiren, etylbenzen ngi ta dng thuc th
no sau y:

A. Dung dch Br
2
. B. Dung dch KMnO
4
/dung dch HCl
D. Kh clo. C. Dung dch HNO
3
, xc tc H
2
SO
4
.
Cu 9: S ng phn hirocacbon thm ng vi cng thc phn t C
8
H
10
l
A. 2. B. 4. C. 3. D. 5.
Cu 10: Toluen phn ng vi Br
2
khi chiu sng cho sn phm th d dng v tr no ?
A. nhm metyl. B. meta. C. ortho v para. D. ortho.
Cu 11: C ba cht lng khng mu l: benzen, toluen, stiren. C th dng dung dch no sau
y nhn bit mi cht trn ?
A. Dung dch H
2
SO
4
. B. Dung dch NaOH.
C. Dung dch KMnO
4
. D. Dung dch Br
2
.
Cu 12: Dy gm cc cht u c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng hp l
A. stiren ; clobenzen ; isopren ; but-1-en.
B. 1,2-iclopropan ; vinylaxetilen ; vinylbenzen ; toluen.
C. buta-1,3-ien ; cumen ; etilen ; trans-but-2-en.
D. 1,1,2,2-tetrafloeten ; propilen ; stiren ; vinyl clorua.
Cu 13: Cho cc hirocacbon: eten, axetilen, benzen, xiclopropan, toluen, isopentan, stiren,
naphtalen. S cht lm mt mu dung dch Br
2
l
A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6.
Cu 14: Cht no sau y u l thnh phn chnh ca kh thin nhin v ca kh m du ?
A. H
2
. B. CO. C. CH
4
. D. C
4
H
10
.
Cu 15: Nha than em chng ct phn on si 170 - 230
o
C, gi l
A. du nh. C. du trung. B. du nng. D. hc n.
Cu 16: Nh my lc du l nh my
A. ch lc b cc tp cht c trong du m.
B. cho sn phm u l cc cht lng.
C. ch bin du m thnh cc sn phm khc nhau.
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D. ch sn xut xng du.


ANCOL - PHENOL
I - ANCOL
1. Cng thc phn t
Ancol l nhng hp cht hu c m phn t c nhm hiroxyl (OH) lin kt trc tip vi
nguyn t cacbon no. C
n
H
2n+2
O; ROH; R(OH)
n

Phn loi
- Theo bc : ancol bc I, II v III.
- Theo s nhm chc : n v a
- Theo gc : no, khng no, thm
Ancol
Phn loi theo cu to
gc hirocacbon
Phn loi theo theo s
lng nhm hiroxyl
C
2
H
5
OH
Ancol no, bc I
(*)
Ancol n chc (monoancol)
Xiclo C
6
H
11
OH Ancol no, bc II Ancol n chc (monoancol)
(CH
3
)
3
COH Ancol no, bc III Ancol n chc (monoancol)
HO-CH
2
CH
2
-OH Ancol no, bc I Ancol a chc (poliancol)
HO-CH
2
CHOHCH
2
-OH Ancol no, bc I, II Ancol a chc (poliancol)
CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-OH Ancol khng no, bc I Ancol n chc (monoancol)
C
6
H
5
CH
2
OH Ancol thm bc I Ancol n chc (monoancol)
2. Danh php
Ngoi ng phn nhm chc (chng hn CH
3
CH
2
OH v CH
3
OCH
3
), ancol c ng phn mch
cacbon v ng phn v tr nhm chc. Th d :
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
OH CH
3
CH
2
CH(OH)CH
3
(CH
3
)
2
CHCH
2
OH (CH
3
)
3
COH

ancol butylic ancol sec-butylic ancol isobutylic
ancol tert-butylic

Tn thng thng (tn gc - chc) :
Th d :


Ancol + tn gc hirocacbon + ic
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CH
3
OH (CH
3
)
2
CHOH CH
2
=CHCH
2
OH C
6
H
5
CH
2
OH
ancol metylic ancol isopropylic ancol anlylic ancol benzylic
- Tn thay th :

Mch chnh c quy nh l mch cacbon di nht c cha nhm OH.
S ch v tr c bt u t pha gn nhm OH hn.
Th d :
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
OH
3 2 3
|
CH CH CHCH
OH

3 2
|
3
CH CH CH OH
CH

|
3 3
|
3
OH
CH C CH
CH

butan-1-ol butan-2-ol 2-metylpropan-1-ol 2-metylpropan-2-ol

2 2
| |
CH CH
OH OH

2 2
| | |
CH CH CH
OH OH OH

3 2 2 2 2
| |
3 3
CH C CHCH CH CHCH CH OH
CH CH
=
etan-1,2-iol propan-1,2,3-triol 3,7-imetyloct-6-en-1-ol
(etylen glicol) (glixerol) (xitronelol, trong tinh du s)

3. Tnh cht vt l
Cng thc t
nc
,
0
C t
s
.
0
C D, g/cm
3
tan, g/100g H
2
O
CH
3
OH -97,7 64,7 0,792
CH
3
CH
2
OH -114,5 78,3 0,789
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
OH -126,1 97,2 0,804
CH
3
CH(OH)CH
3
-89,0 82,4 0,785
CH
2
=CHCH
2
OH -129,0 97,0 0,854
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
OH -89,5 117,3 0,809 9 (15
o
C)
CH
3
CH
2
CH(OH)CH
3
-114,7 99,5 0,806 12,5 (25
o
C)
(CH
3
)
2
CHCH
2
OH -108,0 108,4 0,803 9,5 (18
o
C)
(CH
3
)
3
COH -25,5 82,2 0,789
(CH
3
)
2
CHCH
2
CH
2
OH -117,2 132,0 0,812 2,7 (22
o
C)
HO CH
2
CH
2
OH -12,6 197,8 1,115
HOCH
2
CHOHCH
2
OH 20,0 290,0 1,260
C
6
H
5
CH
2
OH -15,3 205,3 1,045 4,0 (17
o
C)
iu kin thng, cc ancol t CH
3
OH n khong C
12
H
25
OH l cht lng, t khong
C
13
H
27
OH tr ln l cht rn. Cc ancol c t 1 n 3 nguyn t C trong phn t tan v hn
trong nc. Khi s nguyn t C tng ln th tan gim dn.
Tn hirocacbon tng ng theo mch chnh + s ch v tr + ol
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Cc poliol nh etylen glicol, glixerol thng snh, nng hn nc v c v ngt.
Cc ancol trong dy ng ng ca ancol etylic u l nhng cht khng mu.
Lin kt hiro
Ngi ta nhn thy rng nhit nng chy, nhit si, tan trong nc ca ancol u cao
hn so vi hirocacbon, dn xut halogen hoc ete c phn t khi chnh lch nhau khng
nhiu.
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
OH CH
3
F CH
3
OCH
3

M, vC 30 32 34 46
t
nc
,
o
C -172 -98 -142 -138
t
s
,
o
C -89 65 -78 -24
tan, g/100gH
2
O 0,007 0,25 7,6




Nguyn t H mang mt phn in tch dng (o
+
) ca nhm OH ny khi gn nguyn t O
mang mt phn in tch m (o
-
) ca nhm OH kia th to thnh mt lin kt yu gi l lin
kt hiro, biu din bng du nh hnh 8.3. Trong nhiu trng hp, nguyn t H lin kt
cng ho tr vi nguyn t F, O hoc N thng to thm lin kt hiro vi cc nguyn t F, O
hoc N khc.
nh hng ca lin kt hiro n tnh cht vt l
Do c lin kt hiro gia cc phn t vi nhau (lin kt hiro lin phn t), cc phn t ancol
ht nhau mnh hn so vi nhng phn t c cng phn t khi nhng khng c lin kt hiro
(hirocacbon, dn xut halogen, ete,). V th cn phi cung cp nhit nhiu hn chuyn
ancol t trng thi rn sang trng thi lng (nng chy) cng nh t trng thi lng sang trng
thi kh (si).
Cc phn t ancol nh, mt mt c s tng ng vi cc phn t nc, mt khc li c kh
nng to lin kt hiro vi nc, nn c th xen gia cc phn t nc, gn kt vi cc phn
t nc. V th chng ho tan tt trong nc.
4. Tnh cht ha hc
a) Phn ng th H ca nhm OH ancol
- Tc dng vi kim loi kim
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RO-H + Na
1
2
H
2
+ RO-Na
natri ancolat
- Phn ng ring ca glixerol
Glixerol ho tan c Cu(OH)
2
to thnh phc cht tan, mu xanh da tri :
Phn ng ny c dng nhn bit glixerol v cc poliancol m cc nhm OH nh vi
nhng nguyn t C cnh nhau, chng hn nh etylenglicol.
b) Phn ng th nhm OH ancol
Ancol tc dng vi cc axit mnh nh axit sunfuric m c lnh, axit nitric m c, axit
halogenhiric bc khi. Nhm OH ancol b th bi gc axit.
ROH + HA RA + H
2
O
C
2
H
5
OH + HBr C
2
H
5
Br + H
2
O
Tc phn ng vi HX : ancol bc III > II > I

2
2
CH OH
|
CH OH
|
CH OH

+ 3HNO
3

2 2
2
2 2
CH ONO
|
CH ONO
|
CH ONO

+3H
2
O
glixerol "glixeryl trinitrat"
c) Phn ng tch nc
Tch nc lin phn t
C
2
H
5
O-H + HOC
2
H
5

4
o

2
H SO
140 C
C
2
H
5
-O-C
2
H
5
+ HOH
Tch nc ni phn t
2 2
CH CH
| |

H OH
4
o

2
H SO
170 C
CH
2
=CH
2
+ H-OH
Hng ca phn ng tch nc ni phn t tun theo quy tc Zai-xp : Nhm OH u tin
tch ra cng vi H cacbon bc cao hn bn cnh to thnh lin kt i C = C mang nhiu
nhm ankyl hn. Th d :
2 3
I I I
H C CH CH CH
| | |
H

OH H
2 4
o
,
H O
2
H SO t

CH
3
CH=CHCH
3
+ CH
2
=CHCH
2
CH
3

but-2-en (sn phm chnh) but-1-en (sn phm ph)
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4. Phn ng oxi ho






5. iu ch
iu ch etanol trong cng nghip
CH
2
= CH
2
+ HOH
o
3 4
H PO , 300 C
CH
3
CH
2
OH

(C
6
H
10
O
5
)
n
+ nH
2
O
Enzi m
nC
6
H
12
O
6
tinh bt glucoz
C
6
H
12
O
6
Enzi m


2C
2
H
5
OH + 2CO
2
|
iu ch metanol trong cng nghip
2CH
4
+ O
2

o
Cu
200 C,100atm
2CH
3
OH

CO + 2H
2

3
o
ZnO, CrO
400 C, 200atm
CH
3
OH
II - PHENOL
1. nh ngha
Phenol l loi hp cht m phn t c cha nhm hiroxyl (-OH) lin kt trc tip vi vng
benzen. Phenol cng l tn ring ca hp cht cu to bi nhm phenyl lin kt vi nhm
hiroxyl (C
6
H
5
-OH), cht tiu biu cho cc phenol. Nu nhm OH nh vo mch nhnh ca
vng thm th hp cht khng thuc loi phenol m thuc loi ancol thm. Th d :



2. Tnh cht vt l
Phenol, C
6
H
5
OH, l cht rn khng mu, tan t trong nc lnh, tan v hn 66
o
C, tan tt
trong etanol, ete v axeton... Trong qu trnh bo qun, phenol thng b chy ra v thm
mu dn do ht m v b oxi ho bi oxi khng kh.
Ancol bc I b oxi ho nh thnh
anehit.
- Ancol bc II b oxi ho nh thnh
xeton.
- Ancol bc III b oxi ho mnh th
gy mch cacbon.
- Ancol chy to thnh CO
2
, H
2
O
v to nhit.
R-CH
2
-OH + CuO
o
t
R-CH=O + Cu +H
2
O
anehit

R CH R'
|
OH

+ CuO
o
t

R C R'
||
O

+ Cu + H
2
O
xeton
C
n
H
2n+1
OH +
3n
2
O
2
n CO
2
+ (n+1) H
2
O

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Phenol c, khi tip xc vi da s gy bng. Cc phenol thng l cht rn, c nhit si cao.
phenol cng c lin kt hiro lin phn t tng t nh ancol.


3. Tnh cht ha hc
a) Tnh axit

6 5 6 5 2
C H OH NaOH C H ONa H O + +
C
6
H
5
-ONa + CO
2
+ H
2
O C
6
H
5
OH + NaHCO
3
Phenol l axit mnh hn ancol nhng yu hn axit cacbonic.
Dung dch phenol khng lm i mu qu tm.
b) Phn ng th vng thm


Nh nc brom vo dung dch phenol, mu nc brom b mt v xut hin ngay kt ta trng.
Phn ng ny c dng nhn bit phenol.
Phn ng th vo nhn thm phenol d hn benzen ( iu kin m du hn, th c ng
thi c 3 nguyn t H cc v tr ortho v para).
4. iu ch
Phng php ch yu iu ch phenol trong cng nghip hin nay l sn xut ng thi phenol
v axeton theo s phn ng sau :
6 6
C H
2 3
CH CHCH
H
+
=

6 5 3 2
C H CH(CH )
2 2 4
1)O ( kk ) ; 2) H SO
6 5 3 3
C H OH CH COCH +

BI TP ANCOL - PHENOL

Cu 1: S loi lin kt hiro c th c khi ho tan ancol etylic vo nc l
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 2: Khi un nng hn hp ancol gm CH
3
OH v C
2
H
5
OH (xc tc H
2
SO
4
c, 140
o
C)
th s ete thu c ti a l
A. 4. B. 2. C. 1. D. 3.
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Cu 3: un nng hn hp metanol v etanol vi H
2
SO
4
c trong khong nhit t 130
o
C
n 180
o
C. S lng sn phm hu c thu c l
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
Cu 4: Ancol b oxi ho bi CuO cho sn phm c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng gng l
A. propan-2-ol. B. etanol. C. pentan-3-ol. D. 2-metylpropan-2-ol.
Cu 5: Ancol no sau y kh b oxi ho nht ?
A. Ancol sec-butylic. B. Ancol tert-butylic. C. Ancol isobutylic. D. Ancol butylic.
Cu 6: ng phn no ca ancol C
4
H
10
O khi tch nc s cho hai olefin ?
A. Ancol butylic. B. Ancol isobutylic. C. Ancol sec-butylic. D. Ancol tert-butylic.
Cu 7: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi ancol etylic l
A. HBr (t
o
), Na, CuO (t
o
), CH
3
COOH (xc tc).
B. Ca, CuO (t
o
), C
6
H
5
OH (phenol), HOCH
2
CH
2
OH.
C. NaOH, K, MgO, HCOOH (xc tc).
D. Na
2
CO
3
, CuO (t
o
), CH
3
COOH (xc tc), (CH
3
CO)
2
O.
Cu 8: Oxi ho ancol n chc X bng CuO (un nng), sinh ra mt sn phm hu c duy
nht l xeton Y (t khi hi ca Y so vi kh hiro bng 29). Cng thc cu to ca X l:
A. CH
3
-CHOH-CH
3
. B. CH
3
-CH
2
-CHOH-CH
3
.
C. CH
3
-CO-CH
3
. D. CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-OH.
Cu 9: Phng php no iu ch ancol etylic di y ch dng trong phng th nghim ?
A. Ln men tinh bt.
B. Thu phn etyl bromua trong dung dch kim khi un nng.
C. Hirat ho etilen xc tc axit.
D. Phn ng kh anehit axetic bng H
2
xc tc Ni un nng.
Cu 10: Hirat ho 2 anken ch to thnh 2 ancol. Hai anken l
A. 2-metylpropen v but-1-en. B. propen v but-2-en.
C. eten v but-2-en. D. eten v but-1-en.
Cu 11: Chn cu ng trong cc cu sau:
A. un nng ancol metylic vi H
2
SO
4
c 140 - 170
o
C thu c ete.
B. Ancol a chc ho tan Cu(OH)
2

to thnh dung dch mu xanh da tri.
C. iu ch ancol no, n chc bc mt l cho anken cng nc.
D. Khi oxi ho ancol no, n chc thu c anehit.
Cu 12: Propan-2-ol khng th iu ch trc tip t
A. propilen. B. axeton. C. 2-clopropan. D. propanal.
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Cu 13: Cho s chuyn ho sau (mi mi tn l mt phng trnh phn ng):
Tinh bt X Y Z metyl axetat
Cc cht Y, Z trong s trn ln lt l
A. C
2
H
5
OH, CH
3
COOH. B. CH
3
COOH, CH
3
OH.
C. CH
3
COOH, C
2
H
5
OH. D. C
2
H
4
, CH
3
COOH.
Cu 14: Khi tch nc t ancol 3-metylbutan-2-ol, sn phm chnh thu c l
A. 3-metylbut-1-en. B. 2-metylbut-2-en. C. 3-metylbut-2-en D. 2-metylbut-3-en.
Cu 15: Khi tch nc t mt cht X c cng thc phn t C
4
H
10
O to thnh ba anken l
ng phn ca nhau (tnh c ng phn hnh hc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. (CH
3
)
3
COH. B. CH
3
OCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
.
C. CH
3
CH(OH)CH
2
CH
3
. D. CH
3
CH(CH
3
)CH
2
OH.
Cu 16: Khi tch nc t 2 ancol ng phn c cng thc C
4
H
10
O vi H
2
SO
4
c 170
o
C thu
c 3 anken (khng k ng phn hnh hc). Cng thc cu to ca hai ancol l
A. CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
OH v (CH
3
)
2
CHCH
2
OH.
B. (CH
3
)
2
CHCH
2
OH v (CH
3
)
3
COH.
C. CH
3
CH(OH)CH
2
CH
3
v CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
OH.
D. CH
3
CH(OH)CH
2
CH
3
v (CH
3
)
3
COH.
Cu 17: Hiro ho cht A mch h c cng thc C
4
H
6
O c ancol butylic. S cng thc
cu to c th c ca A l
A. 4. B. 6. C. 5. D. 3.
Cu 18: C my ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C
4
H
8
Br
2
khi thu phn trong dung dch
kim cho sn phm l anehit ?
A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 1.
Cu 19: Cho s chuyn ho sau: C
2
H
2

+

HCl
A
+

NaOH
CH
3
CHO
Cng thc cu to ca cht A

c th l
A. CH
2
=CHCl. B. CH
3
-CHCl
2
. C. ClCH
2
-CH
2
Cl. D. CH
2
=CHCl hoc CH
3
-CHCl
2
.
Cu 20: Cho cc cht c cng thc cu to nh sau: HOCH
2
-CH
2
OH (X) ; HOCH
2
-CH
2
-
CH
2
OH (Y) ; HOCH
2
-CHOH-CH
2
OH (Z) ; CH
3
-CH
2
-O-CH
2
-CH
3
(R) ; CH
3
-CHOH-CH
2
OH (T).
Nhng cht tc dng c vi Cu(OH)
2
to thnh dung dch mu xanh lam l
A. X, Y, R, T. B. X, Z, T. C. Z, R, T. D. X, Y, Z, T.
Cu 21: Cho cc hp cht sau:
(a) HOCH
2
-CH
2
OH (b) HOCH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
OH (c) HOCH
2
-CH(OH)-CH
2
OH
(d) CH
3
-CH(OH)-CH
2
OH (e) CH
3
-CH
2
OH ; (f) CH
3
-O-CH
2
CH
3

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Cc cht u tc dng c vi Na, Cu(OH)
2
l
A. (a), (b), (c). B. (c), (d), (f). C. (a), (c), (d). D. (c), (d), (e).
Cu 22: Cht hu c X mch h, bn, tn ti dng trans c cng thc phn t C
4
H
8
O, X lm
mt mu dung dch Br
2
, tc dng vi Na gii phng kh H
2
. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. CH
2
=CHCH
2
CH
2
OH. B. CH
3
CH
2
CH=CHOH.
C. CH
2
=C(CH
3
)CH
2
OH. D. CH
3
CH=CHCH
2
OH.
Cu 23: Cho cc phn ng:
HBr + C
2
H
5
OH
o
t
C
2
H
4
+ Br
2

C
2
H
4
+ HBr

C
2
H
6
+ Br
2
askt (1 : 1 mol )

S phn ng to ra C
2
H
5
Br l
A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 1.
Cu 24: Cho s chuyn ho: Butan-2-ol

X (anken)
+

HBr
Y
+

Mg, etekhan
Z
Trong X, Y, Z l sn phm chnh. Cng thc ca Z l
A. (CH
3
)
3
C-MgBr. B. CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
-MgBr.
C. CH
3
-CH(MgBr)-CH
2
-CH
3
. D. (CH
3
)
2
CH-CH
2
-MgBr.
Cu 25: nh hng ca nhm -OH n gc C
6
H
5
- trong phenol th hin qua phn ng gia
phenol vi
A. dung dch NaOH. B. Na kim loi. C. nc Br
2
. D. H
2
(Ni, nung nng).
Cu 26: nh hng qua li gia nhm -OH v gc phenyl c chng minh bi phn ng ca
phenol vi
A. Na v nc brom. B. dung dch NaOH v nc brom.
C. nc brom v dung dch NaOH. D. dung dch NaOH v fomanehit.
Cu 27: un nng fomanehit vi phenol (d) c axit lm xc tc thu c polime c cu trc
A. mch khng phn nhnh. B. mch phn nhnh.
C. mng li khng gian. D. C A, C u ng.
Cu 28: S cht ng vi CTPT C
7
H
8
O (l dn xut ca benzen) khng tc dng vi dung dch
NaOH l
A. 3. B. 4. C. 2. D. 1.
Cu 29: S hp cht thm c cng thc C
7
H
8
O tc dng vi Na, v dd NaOH ln lt l
A. 3 ; 2. B. 4 ; 3. C. 3 ; 4. D. 4 ; 4.
Cu 30: Cho dy cc axit: phenic, picric, p-nitrophenol. T tri sang phi tnh axit
A. tng. B. gim. C. va tng va gim. D. khng thay i.
Cu 31: Dng mt ho cht no sau y nhn bit stiren, toluen, phenol ?
H2SO4 c, t
o
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A. Dung dch Br
2
. B. Dung dch HCl. C. Dung dch NaOH. D. Dung dch HNO
3
.
Cu 32: C 4 cht lng ng trong 4 l b mt nhn: ancol etylic, toluen, phenol, axit fomic.
nhn bit 4 cht c th dng nhm thuc th no sau y ?
A. Qu tm, nc Br
2
, dung dch NaOH.
B. Dung dch Na
2
CO
3
, nc Br
2
, Na.
C. Qu tm, nc Br
2
, dung dch K
2
CO
3
.
D. Na, dung dch HCl, dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
.
Cu 33: Cho s : C
6
H
6
(benzen)
+

2
o
Cl (1 : 1 mol )
Fe, t
X
o
t , P cao
Y
+

axi t HCl
Z
Hai cht hu c Y, Z ln lt l
A. C
6
H
6
(OH)
6
, C
6
H
6
Cl
6
. B. C
6
H
4
(OH)
2
, C
6
H
4
Cl
2
.
C. C
6
H
5
OH, C
6
H
5
Cl. D. C
6
H
5
ONa, C
6
H
5
OH.
Cu 34: Cho s chuyn ho sau: Metan
(1)
A
1

( 2)
A
2

( 3)
A
3

( 4)
A
4

( 5)

phenol
Cng thc cu to ca cc cht hu c A
1
, A
2
, A
3
, A
4
ln lt l
A. HCHO, C
6
H
12
O
6
, C
6
H
6
, C
6
H
5
Cl. B. CHCH, C
6
H
6
, C
6
H
5
NO
2
, C
6
H
5
NH
3
Cl.
C. CH CH, CH
2
=CH
2
, C
6
H
6
, C
6
H
5
Cl. D. CHCH, C
6
H
6
, C
6
H
5
Br, C
6
H
5
ONa.
Cu 35: Cho s chuyn ho sau: Toluen
+

2
o
Br (1 : 1 mol )
Fe, t
X
o
t , P cao
Y

Z
Trong X, Y, Z u l hn hp ca cc cht hu c. Z c thnh phn chnh gm
A. m-metylphenol v o-metylphenol. B. benzyl bromua v o-bromtoluen.
C. o-bromtoluen v p-bromtoluen. D. o-metylphenol v p-metylphenol.
Cu 36: Cho 4 cht: phenol (A), ancol etylic (B), benzen (C), axit axetic (D). linh ng ca
nguyn t hiro trong phn t cc cht trn tng dn theo th t l
A. A < B < C < D. B. C < D < B < A. C. C < B < A < D. D. B < C < D < A.
Cu 37: Phenol tc dng vi tt c cc cht trong nhm no sau y ?
A. Na, KOH, dung dch Br
2
, HCl. B. K, NaOH, HNO
3
c, dung dch Br
2
.
C. Na, NaOH, CaCO
3
, CH
3
COOH. D. K, HCl, axit cacbonic, dung dch Br
2
.
Cu 38: Dy gm cc cht u phn ng vi phenol l
A. dung dch NaCl, dung dch NaOH, kim loi Na.
B. nc brom, anhirit axetic, dung dch NaOH.
C. nc brom, axit axetic, dung dch NaOH.
D. nc brom, anehit axetic, dung dch NaOH.
Cu 39: Trong thc t, phenol c dng sn xut
A. nha poli(vinyl clorua), nha novolac v cht dit c 2,4-D.
+ NaOH c (d)

+ HCl (d)

+ NaOH c, d

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B. nha rezol, nha rezit v thuc tr su 666.
C. poli(phenol-fomanehit), cht dit c 2,4-D v axit picric.
D. nha rezit, cht dit c 2,4-D v thuc n TNT.
Cu 40: Hp cht hu c X (phn t c vng benzen) c cng thc phn t l C
7
H
8
O
2
, tc
dng c vi Na v vi NaOH. Bit rng khi cho X tc dng vi Na d, s mol H
2
thu c
bng s mol X tham gia phn ng v X ch tc dng c vi NaOH theo t l s mol 1 : 1.
Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. C
6
H
5
CH(OH)
2
. B. HOC
6
H
4
CH
2
OH. C. CH
3
C
6
H
3
(OH)
2
. D. CH
3
OC
6
H
4
OH



ANEHIT V XETON
I - KHI NIM
1. Cng thc phn t
- Nhm >C = O c gi l nhm cacbonyl.
- Anehit l nhng hp cht m phn t c nhm CH=O lin kt vi gc hirocacbon hoc
nguyn t H.
Nhm CH=O l nhm chc ca anehit, n c gi l nhm cacbanehit.
Cng thc phn t :
C
n
H
2n
O; RCHO; R(CHO)
n

- Xeton l nhng hp cht m phn t c nhm >C=O lin kt vi 2 gc hirocacbon.
Th d :
3 3
||
CH C CH
O
;
3 6 5
||
CH C C H
O


Nguyn t C mang lin kt i trng thi lai ho sp
2
.
Lin kt i C=O gm 1 lin kt o bn v mt lin kt t km bn. Gc gia cc lin kt nhm
>C=O ging vi gc gia cc lin kt >C=C< tc l ~ 120
o
C. Trong khi lin kt C=C hu nh
khng phn cc, th lin kt >C=O b phn cc mnh : nguyn t O mang mt phn in tch
m, o

, nguyn t C mang mt phn in tch dng, o


+
.
.
Chnh v vy cc phn ng ca nhm
>C=O c nhng im ging v nhng im khc bit so vi nhm >C=C<.
2. Danh php
- Anehit : Theo IUPAC, tn thay th ca anehit gm tn ca hirocacbon theo mch chnh
ghp vi ui al, mch chnh cha nhm -CH=O, nh s 1 t nhm .
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Mt s anehit n gin hay c gi theo tn thng thng c ngun gc lch s. Th d :
Anehit Tn thay th Tn thng thng
HCH=O metanal fomanehit (anehit fomic)
CH
3
CH=O etanal axetanehit (anehit axetic)
CH
3
CH
2
CH=O Propanal propionanehit (anehit propionic)
(CH
3
)
2
CHCH
2
CH=O 3-metylbutanal isovaleranehit (anehit isovaleric)
CH
3
CH=CHCH=O but-2-en-1-al crotonanehit (anehit crotonic)

- Xeton : Theo IUPAC, tn thay th ca xeton gm tn ca hirocacbon tng ng ghp vi
ui on, mch chnh cha nhm >C=O, nh s 1 t u gn nhm . Tn gc - chc ca
xeton gm tn hai gc hirocacbon nh vi nhm >C=O v t xeton. Th d :

3 3
CH C CH
||
O

3 2 3
CH C CH CH
||
O

3 2
CH C CH CH
||
O
=
Tn thay th : propan-2-on butan-2-on but-3-en-2-on
Tn gc - chc : imetyl xeton etyl metyl xeton metyl vinyl xeton
- Anehit thm u dy, C
6
H
5
CH = O c gi l benzanehit (anehit benzoic). Xeton thm u
dy C
6
H
5
COCH
3
c gi l axetophenol (metyl phenyl xeton)


II - TNH CHT HO HC
1. Phn ng cng
a) Phn ng cng hiro (phn ng kh)
CH
3
CH = O + H
2
o
Ni , t

CH
3
CH
2
OH

o
Ni , t
3 3 2 3 3
|| |
CH C CH H CH CH CH
O OH
+
b) Phn ng cng nc, cng hiro xianua

2 2
OH
H C O HOH H C
OH
= +

(khng bn)

|
3 3 3 3
| ||
CN
CH C CH H CN CH C CH
O OH
+


(xianohirin)
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tiu phn
trung gian
2. Phn ng oxi ho
a) Tc dng vi brom v kali pemanganat
RCH = O + Br
2
+ H
2
O RCOOH + 2HBr
b) Tc dng vi ion bc trong dung dch amoniac
AgNO
3
+ 3NH
3
+ H
2
O |Ag(NH
3
)
2
|OH + NH
4
NO
3

(phc cht tan)
RCH=O + 2|Ag(NH
3
)
2
|OH R-COONH
4
+ 2Ag + + 3NH
3
+ H
2
O

Phn ng trng bc c ng dng nhn bit anehit v trng gng, trng rut phch.
3. Phn ng gc hirocacbon
Nguyn t hiro bn cnh nhm cacbonyl d tham gia phn ng. Th d :
3
CH COOH
3 3 2 3 2
|| ||
CH C CH Br CH C CH Br HBr
O O
+ +
III - IU CH V NG DNG
1. iu ch
a) T ancol
- Phng php chung iu ch anehit v xeton l oxi ho nh ancol bc I, bc II tng
ng bng CuO (xem bi 54 SGK).
- Fomanehit c iu ch trong cng nghip bng cch oxi ho metanol nh oxi khng kh
600 - 700
o
C vi xc tc l Cu hoc Ag :
2CH
3
- OH + O
2

o
A g, 600 C
2HCH = O + 2H
2
O
b) T hirocacbon
Cc anehit v xeton thng dng thng c sn xut t hirocacbon l sn phm ca qu
trnh ch bin du m.
- Oxi ho khng hon ton metan l phng php mi sn xut fomanehit :
CH
4
+ O
2

o
xt, t
HCH = O + H
2
O
- Oxi ho etilen l phng php hin i sn xut axetanehit :

2CH
2
= CH
2
+ O
2

2 2
PdCl , CuCl
2CH
3
CH = O
- Oxi ho cumen ri ch ho vi axit sunfuric thu c axeton cng vi phenol
(CH
3
)
2
CH-C
6
H
5
2
1) O

2 4
2) H SO 20%

3 3 6 5
CH CO CH C H OH +
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BI TP ANEHIT - XETON

Cu 1: Fomalin (hay fomon) c dng ngm xc ng vt, thuc da, ty u, dit trng,
Fomalin l
A. dung dch rt long ca anehit fomic. B. dung dch cha khong 40% axetanehit.
C. dung dch 37 - 40% fomanehit trong nc. D. tn gi ca H-CH=O.
Cu 2: Pht biu no sau y l khng ng ?
A. Trong phn t anehit, cc nguyn t lin kt vi nhau bng lin kt o .
B. Hp cht R-CHO c th iu ch c t R-CH
2
-OH.
C. Hp cht hu c c nhm -CHO lin kt vi H l anehit.
D. Anehit va th hin tnh kh, va th hin tnh oxi ho.
Cu 3: S ng phn xeton ng vi cng thc phn t C
5
H
10
O l
A. 5. B. 6. C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 4: Trong cng nghip, axeton c iu ch t
A. xiclopropan. B. propan-1-ol. C. propan-2-ol. D. cumen.
Cu 5: Th t gim dn nhit si ca cc cht CH
3
CHO, C
2
H
5
OH, H
2
O l
A. H
2
O, CH
3
CHO, C
2
H
5
OH. B. H
2
O, C
2
H
5
OH, CH
3
CHO.
C. CH
3
CHO, H
2
O, C
2
H
5
OH. D. CH
3
CHO, C
2
H
5
OH, H
2
O.
Cu 6: Cho cc cht: HCN, H
2
, dung dch KMnO
4
, dung dch Br
2
. S cht phn ng c vi
(CH
3
)
2
CO l
A. 2. B. 4. C. 1. D. 3.
Cu 7: Dy gm cc cht u iu ch trc tip (bng mt phn ng) to ra anehit axetic l
A. CH
3
COOH, C
2
H
2
, C
2
H
4
. B. C
2
H
5
OH, C
2
H
4
, C
2
H
2
.
C. C
2
H
5
OH, C
2
H
2
, CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
. D. HCOOC
2
H
3
, C
2
H
2
, CH
3
COOH.
Cu 8: Cho s chuyn ho: C
6
H
5
CH
3

4
o
2
KMnO
H O, t
X
+

3
H O
Y
Cng thc cu to ca X, Y ln lt l
A. C
6
H
5
CHO, C
6
H
5
COOH. B. C
6
H
5
CH
2
OK, C
6
H
5
CHO.
C. C
6
H
5
CH
2
OH, C
6
H
5
CHO. D. C
6
H
5
COOK, C
6
H
5
COOH.
Cu 9: C th dng mt cht no trong cc cht di y nhn bit c cc cht: ancol
etylic, glixerol, anehit axetic ng trong ba l mt nhn ?
A. ng (II) hiroxit. B. Qu tm.
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C. Kim loi natri. D. Dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
.
Cu 10: Bng 3 phng trnh phn ng c th iu ch c cao su buna t cht no trong cc
cht sau y ?
A. HO-CH
2
-CH
2
-OH. B. CH
3
-|CH
2
|
2
-CHO.
C. CH
3
COOH. D. OHC-|CH
2
|
2
-CHO.
Cu 11: Mt anehit no X mch h, khng phn nhnh, c cng thc thc nghim l
(C
2
H
3
O)
n
. Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. OHC-CH
2
-CH
2
-CHO. B. OHC-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CHO.
C. OHC-CH(CH
3
)-CH
2
-CHO. D. OHC-CH(CH
3
)-CHO.
Cu 12: Cho cc cht sau: CH
3
-CH
2
-CHO (1), CH
2
=CH-CHO (2), (CH
3
)
2
CH-CHO (3), CH
2
=CH-
CH
2
-OH (4). Nhng cht phn ng hon ton vi lng d H
2
(Ni, t
o
) cng to ra mt sn
phm l
A. (2), (3), (4). B. (1), (2), (4). C. (1), (2), (3). D. (1), (3), (4).
Cu 13: Cho cc s phn ng sau:
A

B + C ; B + 2H
2

o
Ni , t

ancol isobutylic
A + CuO
o
t
D + E + C ; D + 4AgNO
3

o
3
dd NH , t
F + G + 4Ag
A c cng thc cu to l
A. (CH
3
)
2
C(OH)-CHO. B. HO-CH
2
-CH(CH
3
)-CHO.
C. OHC-CH(CH
3
)-CHO. D. CH
3
-CH(OH)-CH
2
-CHO.
Cu 14: t chy hon ton a mol mt anehit X (mch h) to ra b mol CO
2
v c mol H
2
O
(bit b = a + c). Trong phn ng trng gng, mt phn t X ch cho 2 electron. X thuc dy
ng ng anehit
A. no, n chc. B. khng no c hai ni i, n chc.
C. khng no c mt ni i, n chc. D. no, hai chc.
Cu 15: un nng V lt hi anehit X vi 3V lt kh H
2
(xc tc Ni) n khi phn ng xy
ra hon ton ch thu c mt hn hp kh Y c th tch 2V lt (cc th tch kh o cng
iu kin nhit , p sut). Ngng t Y thu c cht Z ; cho Z tc dng vi Na sinh ra H
2
c s mol bng s mol Z phn ng. Cht X l anehit
A. khng no (cha mt ni i C=C), hai chc. B. no, hai chc.
C. no, n chc. D. khng no (cha mt ni i C=C), n chc.
Cu 16: Ba cht hu c mch h X, Y, Z c cng cng thc phn t C
3
H
6
O v c cc tnh
cht: X, Z u phn ng vi nc brom ; X, Y, Z u phn ng vi H
2
nhng ch c Z khng
b thay i nhm chc ; cht Y ch tc dng vi brom khi c mt CH
3
COOH. Cc cht X, Y, Z
H
2
SO
4
c, 170
o
C
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ln lt l
A. C
2
H
5
CHO, CH
2
=CH-O-CH
3
, (CH
3
)
2
CO.
B. (CH
3
)
2
CO, C
2
H
5
CHO, CH
2
=CH-CH
2
OH.
C. C
2
H
5
CHO, (CH
3
)
2
CO, CH
2
=CH-CH
2
OH.
D. CH
2
=CH-CH
2
OH, C
2
H
5
CHO, (CH
3
)
2
CO.
Cu 17: t chy hon ton mt anehit X, thu c s mol CO
2
bng s mol H
2
O. Nu cho
X tc dng vi lng d AgNO
3
trong dung dch NH
3
, sinh ra s mol Ag gp 4 ln s mol X
phn ng. Cng thc ca X l
A. HCHO. B. CH
3
CHO. C. (CHO)
2
. D. C
2
H
5
CHO.
Cu 18: Cho 0,25 mol mt anehit mch h X phn ng vi lng d dung dch AgNO
3
trong
NH
3
, thu c 54 gam Ag. Mt khc, khi cho X phn ng vi H
2
d (xc tc Ni, t
o
) th 0,125
mol X phn ng ht vi 0,25 mol H
2
. Cht X c cng thc ng vi cng thc chung l
A. C
n
H
2n
(CHO)
2
(n > 0). B. C
n
H
2n+1
CHO (n > 0).
C. C
n
H
2n-1
CHO (n > 2). D. C
n
H
2n-3
CHO (n > 2).
Cu 19: Cho hn hp kh X gm HCHO v H
2
i qua ng s ng bt Ni nung nng. Sau khi
phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp kh Y gm hai cht hu c. t chy ht Y th
thu c 11,7 gam H
2
O v 7,84 lt kh CO
2
( ktc). Phn trm theo th tch ca H
2
trong X l
A. 46,15%. B. 35,00%. C. 53,85%. D. 65,00%.
Cu 20: Khi oxi ho hon ton 2,2 gam mt anehit n chc thu c 3 gam axit tng
ng. Cng thc ca anehit l
A. HCHO. B. C
2
H
3
CHO. C. C
2
H
5
CHO. D. CH
3
CHO.
Cu 21: Cho 2,9 gam mt anehit phn ng hon ton vi lng d AgNO
3
trong dung dch NH
3
thu c 21,6 gam Ag. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca anehit l
A. HCHO. B. CH
2
=CH-CHO. C. OHC-CHO. D. CH
3
CHO.
Cu 22: Cho 0,1 mol anehit X tc dng vi lng d AgNO
3
trong dung dch NH
3
, un nng
thu c 43,2 gam Ag. Hiro ho X thu c Y, bit 0,1 mol Y phn ng va vi 4,6 gam
Na. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. HCHO. B. CH
3
CHO.
C. OHC-CHO. D. CH
3
CH(OH)CHO.
Cu 23: Cho 6,6 gam mt anehit X n chc, mch h phn ng vi lng d AgNO
3
trong
dung dch NH
3
, un nng. Lng Ag sinh ra cho phn ng ht vi axit HNO
3
long, thot ra
2,24 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, o ktc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. CH
3
CHO. B. HCHO. C. CH
3
CH
2
CHO. D. CH
2
=CHCHO.
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Cu 24: Cho 0,1 mol hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong
dy ng ng tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, un nng thu c 32,4
gam Ag. Hai anehit trong X l
A. HCHO v C
2
H
5
CHO. B. HCHO v CH
3
CHO.
C. C
2
H
3
CHO v C
3
H
5
CHO. D. CH
3
CHO v C
2
H
5
CHO.
Cu 25: Oxi ho 1,2 gam CH
3
OH bng CuO nung nng, sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp
sn phm X (gm HCHO, H
2
O v CH
3
OH d). Cho ton b X tc dng vi lng d dung
dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, c 12,96 gam Ag. Hiu sut ca phn ng oxi ho CH
3
OH l
A. 76,6%. B. 80,0%. C. 65,5%. D. 70,4%.
Cu 26: t chy mt hp cht hu c X, thu c 0,351 gam H
2
O v 0,4368 lt kh CO
2
(
ktc). Bit X c phn ng vi Cu(OH)
2
trong mi trng kim khi un nng. Cht X l
A. O=CH-CH=O. B. CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-OH.
C. CH
3
COCH
3
. D. C
2
H
5
CHO.
Cu 27: Hiro ho hon ton hn hp M gm hai anehit X v Y no, n chc, mch h,
k tip nhau trong dy ng ng (M
X
< M
Y
), thu c hn hp hai ancol c khi lng ln
hn khi lng M l 1 gam. t chy hon ton M thu c 30,8 gam CO
2
. Cng thc v
phn trm khi lng ca X ln lt l
A. HCHO v 50,56%. B. CH
3
CHO v 67,16%.
C. CH
3
CHO v 49,44%. D. HCHO v 32,44%.
Cu 28: Hiro ho hon ton m gam hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch h, k
tip nhau trong dy ng ng thu c (m + 1) gam hn hp hai ancol. Mt khc, khi t
chy hon ton cng m gam X th cn va 17,92 lt kh O
2
( ktc). Gi tr ca m l
A. 17,8. B. 24,8. C. 10,5. D. 8,8.
Cu 29: Cho m gam hn hp X gm hai ancol no, n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng
ng tc dng vi CuO (d) nung nng, thu c mt hn hp rn Z v mt hn hp hi Y
(c t khi hi so vi H
2
l 13,75). Cho ton b Y phn ng vi mt lng d dung dch
AgNO
3
trong NH
3
un nng, sinh ra 64,8 gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l
A. 7,8. B. 8,8. C. 7,4. D. 9,2.
Cu 30: Hn hp X gm hai ancol no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng.
Oxi ho hon ton 0,2 mol hn hp X c khi lng m gam bng CuO nhit thch hp, thu
c hn hp sn phm hu c Y. Cho Y tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO
3
trong
NH
3
, thu c 54 gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l
A. 15,3. B. 13,5. C. 8,1. D. 8,5.
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AXIT CACBOXYLIC

I - CU TO, DANH PHP
1. Cu to
- Axit cacboxylic l hp cht hu c m phn t c nhm cacboxyl (-COOH) lin kt trc tip
vi nguyn t cacbon hoc nguyn t hiro.
- Nhm
||
C OH
O
c gi l nhm cacboxyl, vit gn l -COOH.
- Cng thc phn t : C
n
H
2n
O
2
; RCOOH; R(COOH)
n

2. Danh php
- Theo IUPAC, axit + tn ca hirocacbon tng ng + oic.
- Tn thng thng ca cc axit c lin quan n ngun gc tm ra chng nn khng c tnh h
thng .
Tn mt s axit thng gp
Cng thc Tn thng thng Tn thay th
H-COOH Axit fomic Axit metanoic
CH
3
-COOH Axit axetic Axit etanoic
CH
3
CH
2
-COOH Axit propionic Axit propanoic
(CH
3
)
2
CH-COOH Axit isobutiric Axit 2-metylpropanoic
CH
3
(CH
2
)
3
-COOH Axit valeric Axit pentanoic
CH
2
=CHCOOH Axit acrylic Axit propenoic
CH
2
=C(CH
3
)-COOH Axit metacrylic Axit 2-metylpropenoic
HOOCCOOH Axit oxalic Axit etanioic
C
6
H
5
COOH Axit benzoic Axit benzoic

II - CU TRC V TNH CHT VT L
1. Cu trc
Nhm COOH c xem nh hp bi nhm cacbonyl ( >C=O) v nhm hiroxyl (OH) v th
n c gi l nhm cacboxyl. Tng tc gia nhm cacbonyl v nhm hiroxyl lm cho mt
electron nhm cacboxyl dch chuyn nh biu din bi cc mi tn:.

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H qu l nguyn t hiro nhm OH axit tr nn linh ng hn nhm OH ancol, phenol
v phn ng ca nhm >C=O axit cng khng cn ging nh ca nhm >C=O anehit, xeton.

2. Tnh cht vt l
iu kin thng, tt c cc axit cacboxylic u l nhng cht lng hoc rn. im si ca
cc axit cacboxylic cao hn ca anehit, xeton v c ancol c cng s nguyn t cacbon.
Nguyn nhn l do s phn cc nhm cacboxyl v s to thnh lin kt hiro lin phn t
axit cacboxylic


III - TNH CHT HO HC
1. Tnh axit v nh hng ca nhm th

Do mt electron nhm OH dch chuyn v pha nhm C=O, nguyn t H ca nhm OH tr
nn linh ng nn axit cacboxylic in li khng hon ton trong nc theo cn bng :
+
+ +
2 3
R COOH H O H O R COO ;
+
=
a
3
-
[ H O ] [ RCOO ]
K
[ RCOOH]

K
a
l mc o lc axit : K
a
cng ln th axit cng mnh v ngc li. Lc axit ca axit
cacboxylic ph thuc vo cu to ca nhm nguyn t lin kt vi nhm cacboxyl (k hiu
chung l R).
H-COOH CH
3
COOH
3 2
CH CH COOH

3 2 4
CH [ CH ] COOH
K
a
(25
o
C) : 17,72. 10
-5
1,75. 10
-5
1,33. 10
-5
1,29. 10
-5

Cc nguyn t c m in ln gc R ht electron khi nhm cacboxyl nn lm tng lc
axit. Th d :
CH
3
COOH
2
Cl CH COOH
2
F CH COOH
K
a
(25
o
C) : 1,75. 10
-5
13,5. 10
-5
26,9. 10
-5
2. Phn ng to thnh dn xut axit
a ) Phn ng vi ancol (phn ng este ho)
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axit benzoic axit m-nitrobenzoic

3
CH C OH
||
O
+ C
2
H
5
-O-H
o
H ,t
+


3 2 5
CH C OC H
||
O
+ H
2
O
axit axetic etanol etyl axetat


b) Phn ng tch nc lin phn t
3
|| ||
CH C O H H O C CH
O O
+
2 5
2
P O
H O

3 3
|| ||
CH C O C CH
O O
, vit gn l (CH
3
CO)
2
O
axit axetic anhirit axetic
3. Phn ng gc hirocacbon
a) Phn ng th gc no : Khi dng P lm xc tc, Cl ch th cho H cacbon bn cnh nhm
cacboxyl. Th d :
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
COOH + Cl
2

P

3 2
|
CH CH CHCOOH
Cl

+ HCl
b) Phn ng th gc thm : Nhm cacboxyl vng benzen nh hng cho phn ng th
tip theo vo v tr meta v lm cho phn ng kh khn hn so vi th vo benzen :


c) Phn ng cng vo gc khng no : Axit khng no tham gia phn ng cng H
2
, Br
2
, Cl
2

nh hirocacbon khng no. Th d :
CH
3
[CH
2
]
7
CH=CH[CH
2
]
7
COOH + H
2

0
Ni
t
CH
3
[CH
2
]
7
CH
2
CH
2
[CH
2
]
7
COOH
axit oleic axit stearic

CH
3
CH=CHCOOH + Br
2


CH
3
CHBr-CHBrCOOH
IV - IU CH V NG DNG
1. iu ch
a) Trong phng th nghim
C
6
H
5
CH
3
4
o
2
1) KMnO
H O,t

3
2) H O
+
C
6
H
5
COOH
R-X
K CN
R-CN
o
3
H O , t
+
R-COOH

b) Trong cng nghip :
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CH
3
CH
2
OH + O
2
o
Men gi m
25 30 C
CH
3
COOH + H
2
O

3 2
1
CH CH O O
2
= +
o
xt , t
3
CH COOH


CH
3
OH + CO
o
xt , t
CH
3
COOH


BI TP AXIT CABOXYLIC
Cu 1: Axit stearic c cng thc phn t no sau y ?
A. C
17
H
35
COOH. B. C
17
H
33
COOH. C. C
15
H
31
COOH. D. C
17
H
31
COOH.
Cu 2: Cht no sau y c ng phn cis - trans ?
A. 2-Metylbut-1-en. B. Axit oleic.
C. But-2-in. D. Axit panmitic.
Cu 3: C
3
H
6
O
2
c tt c bao nhiu ng phn mch h ?
A. 8. B. 5. C. 7. D. 3.
Cu 4: Axit fomic c phn ng trng gng v trong phn t c
A. nhm cacbonyl. B. nhm cacboxyl.
C. nhm chc anehit. D. nhm hiroxyl.
Cu 5: Ba cht hu c A, B, C c cng nhm nh chc, c cng thc phn t tng ng l
CH
2
O
2
, C
2
H
4
O
2
, C
3
H
4
O
2
. Tn gi cc cht A, B, C ln lt l
A. axit fomic, axit axetic, axit metacrylic.
B. metyl fomat, metyl axetat, metyl acrylat.
C. axit fomic, axit acrylic, axit propionic.
D. axit fomic, axit axetic, axit acrylic.
Cu 6: So snh nhit si ca cc cht: ancol etylic (1), nc (2), imetyl ete (3), axit axetic
(4). Kt qu no ng ?
A. (1) < (2) < (3) < (4). B. (3) < (1) < (2) < (4).
C. (2) < (4) < (1) < (3). D. (4) < (2) < (1) < (3).
Cu 7: Cho cc cht: axit propionic (X), axit axetic (Y), ancol etylic (Z) v imetyl ete (T).
Dy cc cht c sp xp theo chiu tng dn nhit si l
A. T, Z, Y, X. B. Z, T, Y, X. C. T, X, Y, Z. D. Y, T, X, Z.
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Cu 8: Dy gm cc cht c xp theo chiu nhit si tng dn t tri sang phi l:
A. CH
3
CHO, C
2
H
5
OH, C
2
H
6
, CH
3
COOH.
B. CH
3
COOH, C
2
H
6
, CH
3
CHO, C
2
H
5
OH.
C. C
2
H
6
, C
2
H
5
OH, CH
3
CHO, CH
3
COOH.
D. C
2
H
6
, CH
3
CHO, C
2
H
5
OH, CH
3
COOH.
Cu 9: Dy gm cc cht c sp xp theo chiu tng dn nhit si t tri sang phi l
A. CH
3
COOH, C
2
H
5
OH, HCOOH, CH
3
CHO.
B. CH
3
CHO, C
2
H
5
OH, HCOOH, CH
3
COOH.
C. CH
3
COOH, HCOOH, C
2
H
5
OH, CH
3
CHO.
D. HCOOH, CH
3
COOH, C
2
H
5
OH, CH
3
CHO.
Cu 10: So snh tnh axit ca cc cht: CH
3
COOH (A) ; C
2
H
5
OH (B) ; C
6
H
5
OH (C) ;
HCOOH (D). Th t tnh axit gim dn l
A. C > B > A > D. B. D > B > A > C.
C. D > A > C > B. D. B > C > D > A.
Cu 11: Cht khng c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng hp l
A. isopren. B. stiren.
C. etylbenzen. D. axit metacrylic.
Cu 12: C tt c bao nhiu hp cht n chc, mch h cha nguyn t hiro linh ng c
cng thc l C
4
H
6
O
2

?
A. 5. B. 2. C. 3.

D. 4.

Cu 13: Ch t xenluloz v cc cht v c cn thit, c th qua ti thiu my phn ng
iu ch etyl axetat ?
A. 3. B. 5. C. 6. D. 4.
Cu 14: Cho cc cht sau: phenol, etanol, axit axetic, natri phenolat, natri hiroxit. S cp cht
tc dng c vi nhau l
A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 1.
Cu 15: Cho s chuyn ho: Glucoz X Y CH
3
COOH
Hai cht X, Y ln lt l
A. CH
3
CH
2
OH v CH
2
=CH
2
. B. CH
3
CHO v CH
3
CH
2
OH.
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C. CH
3
CH
2
OH v CH
3
CHO. D. CH
3
CH(OH)COOH v CH
3
CHO.
Cu 16: Dy gm cc cht c th iu ch trc tip (bng mt phn ng) to ra axit axetic l
A. CH
3
CHO, C
2
H
5
OH, C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
.
B. CH
3
CHO, C
6
H
12
O
6
(glucoz), CH
3
OH.
C. CH
3
OH, C
2
H
5
OH, CH
3
CHO.
D. C
2
H
4
(OH)
2
, CH
3
OH, CH
3
CHO.
Cu 17: Cc cht hu c n chc X
1
, X
2
, X
3
, X
4
c cng thc tng ng l CH
2
O, CH
2
O
2
,
C
2
H
6
O, C
2
H
4
O
2
. Chng thuc cc dy ng ng khc nhau, trong c mt cht tc dng
c vi natri sinh ra kh hiro. Cng thc cu to X
1
, X
2
, X
3
, X
4
ln lt l
A. HCHO, HCOOH, C
2
H
5
OH, HCOOCH
3
.
B. CH
3
OH, HCHO, CH
3
OCH
3
, CH
3
COOH.
C. HCHO, HCOOH, CH
3
OCH
3
, HCOOCH
3
.
D. HCHO, CH
3
OCH
3
, CH
3
OH, CH
3
COOH.
Cu 18: Cho s chuyn ho:
X
(1)
C
3
H
6
Br
2
( 2)
C
3
H
8
O
2
( 3)
C
3
H
4
O
2
( 4)
HOOC-CH
2
-COOH
X l cht no sau y ?
A. Xiclopropan. B. Propen.
C. Propan. D. Xiclopropan hoc propen.
Cu 19: Cho s phn ng:
NH
3

+

3
CH I
X
+

HONO
Y
+

o
CuO
t
Z
Bit Z c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng gng. Hai cht Y v Z ln lt l
A. C
2
H
5
OH, HCHO. B. C
2
H
5
OH, CH
3
CHO.
C. CH
3
OH, HCHO. D. CH
3
OH, HCOOH.
Cu 20: Axit cacboxylic no, mch h X c cng thc thc nghim (C
3
H
4
O
3
)
n
, vy cng thc
phn t ca X l
A. C
6
H
8
O
6
. B. C
3
H
4
O
3
. C. C
12
H
16
O
12
. D. C
9
H
12
O
9
.
Cu 21: X l mt ng ng ca benzen c cng thc nguyn l (C
3
H
4
)
n
; Y l mt axit no a
chc c cng thc nguyn l (C
3
H
4
O
3
)
n
. Hai cht X, Y ln lt c cng thc phn t l
A. C
6
H
8
, C
9
H
12
O
9
.

B. C
9
H
12
, C
6
H
8
O
6
.
(t l mol 1 : 1)
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C. C
9
H
12
, C
9
H
12
O
9
. D. C
6
H
8
, C
6
H
8
O
6
.
Cu 22: X l hp cht mch h cha C, H, O. X ch cha nhm chc c nguyn t hiro linh
ng. Nu cho X tc dng vi Na th s mol H
2
thot ra bng s mol ca X. Cng thc ca X
l
A. R(COOH)
2
. B. R(OH)
2
.
C. HO-R-COOH D. C A, B, C u ng.
Cu 23: Khi cho a mol mt hp cht hu c X (cha C, H, O) phn ng hon ton vi Na
hoc vi NaHCO
3
th u sinh ra a mol kh. Cht X l
A. etylen glicol. B. axit aipic.
C. ancol o-hiroxibenzylic. D. axit 3-hiroxipropanoic.
Cu 24: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi AgNO
3
trong dung dch NH
3
l
A. anehit axetic, but-1-in, etilen. B. anehit axetic, axetilen, but-2-in.
C. axit fomic, vinylaxetilen, propin. D. anehit fomic, axetilen, etilen.
Cu 25: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt axit cacboxylic n chc, cn va V lt O
2
(
ktc), thu c 0,3 mol CO
2
v 0,2 mol H
2
O. Gi tr ca V l
A. 8,96. B. 11,2. C. 6,72. D. 4,48.
Cu 26: t chy 7,3 gam mt axit no, mch h thu c 0,3 mol CO
2
v 0,25 mol H
2
O.
Axit cho c cng thc l
A. COOH-COOH. B. C
2
H
5
COOH. C. C
4
H
8
(COOH)
2
. D. CH
3
COOH.
Cu 27: t chy hon ton a mol axit hu c Y c 2a mol CO
2
. Mt khc, trung ho a
mol Y cn va 2a mol NaOH. Cng thc cu to ca Y l
A. HOOC-CH
2
-CH
2
-COOH. B. C
2
H
5
-COOH.
C. CH
3
-COOH. D. HOOC-COOH.
Cu 28: trung ho 6,72 gam mt axit cacboxylic Y (no, n chc), cn dng 200 gam
dung dch NaOH 2,24%. Cng thc ca Y l
A. CH
3
COOH. B. HCOOH. C. C
2
H
5
COOH. D. C
3
H
7
COOH.
Cu 29: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol cht Z l mui natri ca mt axit hu c n chc thu
c kh CO
2
, hi nc v Na
2
CO
3
; trong c 0,15 mol CO
2
. Cng thc cu to ca Z l
A. HCOONa. B. C
2
H
5
COONa. C. CH
3
COONa. D. C
2
H
3
COONa.
Cu 30: Trung ho 5,48 gam hn hp gm axit axetic, phenol v axit benzoic, cn dng 600
ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng, thu c hn hp cht rn khan c
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khi lng l
A. 8,64 gam. B. 6,84 gam. C. 4,90 gam. D. 6,80 gam.
Cu 31: Cho 3,6 gam axit cacboxylic no, n chc X tc dng hon ton vi 500 ml dung
dch gm KOH 0,12M v NaOH 0,12M. C cn dung dch thu c 8,28 gam hn hp cht
rn khan. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C
2
H
5
COOH. B. CH
3
COOH. C. HCOOH. D. C
3
H
7
COOH.
Cu 32: Cho 5,76 gam axit hu c X n chc, mch h tc dng ht vi CaCO
3
thu c
7,28 gam mui ca axit hu c. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. CH
2
=CH-COOH. B. CH
3
COOH.
C. HC C-COOH. D. CH
3
-CH
2
-COOH.
Cu 33: Cho hn hp gm 0,1 mol HCHO v 0,1 mol HCOOH tc dng vi lng d dung
dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, un nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng Ag to
thnh l
A. 43,2 gam. B. 10,8 gam. C. 64,8 gam. D. 21,6 gam.
Cu 34: Cho 0,04 mol mt hn hp X gm CH
2
=CH-COOH, CH
3
COOH v CH
2
=CH-
CHO phn ng va vi dung dch cha 6,4 gam brom. Mt khc, trung ho 0,04 mol
X cn dng va 40 ml dung dch NaOH 0,75M. Khi lng ca CH
2
=CH-COOH trong
X l
A. 0,56 gam. B. 1,44 gam. C. 0,72 gam. D. 2,88 gam.
Cu 35: Trung ho 8,2 gam hn hp gm axit fomic v mt axit n chc X cn 100 ml dung
dch NaOH 1,5M. Nu cho 8,2 gam hn hp trn tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, un nng th thu c 21,6 gam Ag. Tn gi ca X l
A. axit acrylic. B. axit propanoic.
C. axit etanoic. D. axit metacrylic.
Cu 36: un 12 gam axit axetic vi 13,8 gam etanol (c H
2
SO
4
c lm xc tc) n khi phn
ng t ti trng thi cn bng, thu c 11 gam este. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ho l
A. 55%. B. 50%. C. 62,5%. D. 75%.
Cu 37: Hn hp X gm axit HCOOH v axit CH
3
COOH (t l mol 1 : 1). Ly 5,3 gam hn
hp X tc dng vi 5,75 gam C
2
H
5
OH (c xc tc H
2
SO
4
c) thu c m gam hn hp este
(hiu sut ca cc phn ng este ho u bng 80%). Gi tr ca m l
A. 10,12. B. 6,48. C. 8,10. D. 16,20.
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Cu 38: Khi thc hin phn ng este ho 1 mol CH
3
COOH v 1 mol C
2
H
5
OH, lng este
ln nht thu c l 2/3 mol. t hiu sut cc i l 90% (tnh theo axit) khi tin hnh
este ho 1 mol CH
3
COOH cn s mol C
2
H
5
OH l (bit cc phn ng este ho thc hin
cng nhit )
A. 0,342. B. 2,925. C. 2,412. D. 0,456.
Cu 39: Cho hn hp X gm hai axit cacboxylic no, mch khng phn nhnh. t chy hon ton
0,3 mol hn hp X, thu c 11,2 lt kh CO
2
( ktc). Nu trung ho 0,3 mol X th cn dng 500
ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Hai axit l
A. HCOOH, HOOC-COOH. B. HCOOH, HOOC-CH
2
-COOH.
C. HCOOH, C
2
H
5
COOH. D. HCOOH, CH
3
COOH.
Cu 40: Hn hp X gm axit Y n chc v axit Z hai chc (Y, Z c cng s nguyn t
cacbon). Chia X thnh hai phn bng nhau. Cho phn mt tc dng ht vi Na, sinh ra 4,48 lt
kh H
2
( ktc). t chy hon ton phn hai, sinh ra 26,4 gam CO
2
. Cng thc cu to thu
gn v phn trm v khi lng ca Z trong hn hp X ln lt l
A. HOOC-CH
2
-COOH v 70,87%. B. HOOC-CH
2
-COOH v 54,88%.
C. HOOC-COOH v 60,00%. D. HOOC-COOH v 42,86%.



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