UNIVERSITY OF MAURITIUS FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

PAPER NO

EXAMINATION Second Semester 2006/07

DATE

BEEEE/06S/10

BEng (Hons) Electrical and Electronic / Electronic and Communication Engineering Level 2 PAPER Electrical Machines [ELEC 2006Y(3)]

Monday 28 May 2007

SERIES May 2007

TIME 9:30 12:30 Hours

This paper contains SIX (6) Questions. Candidates are required to answer ANY FIVE (5) Questions. Figure 2 for Question 1 is attached. INSTRUCTION TO CANDIDATES: Students attempting Question 1 are requested to detach Figure 2 and use it to attempt Question 1. Figure 2 should then be attached to the answer booklet used for Question 1 and handed over. Graph paper is required for Question 3. Graph paper used should be attached to the booklet used to answer Question 3.

Question 1
(a) Explain the meaning of the following terms: (i) (ii) (b) Residual flux density, Br Coercivity of a magnetic core, Hc [3 + 3 = 6 marks] An inductor is made of two coils, A and B, having 300 and 200 turns respectively. The coils are wound on a cast steel core and in directions as shown in Figure 1. The two coils are connected in series to a dc voltage. (i) Determine the 2 possible values of current required in the coils to establish a flux density of 0.6 T in the air gap. [6 marks] Determine the self-inductances LA and LB of the two coils. Neglect magnetic leakage and fringing. [2 marks] If the coil B is now disconnected and the current in coil A is adjusted to 2 A, determine the mean flux density in the air gap. [6 marks]

(ii)

(iii)

Figure 1: All dimensions are in cm, NA = 300, NB = 200

o = 4 x 10-7 Hm-1

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Question 2
(a) A single phase, 300 kVA, 11 kV / 2.2 kV, 60Hz transformer has the following equivalent circuit parameters referred to the high voltage side:

Rc(HV) = 50.0 k, Req(HV) = 2.9

Xm(HV) = 17.0 k Xeq(HV) = 7.5

Determine (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) No-load current as a percentage of full-load current. No-load power loss (i.e. core loss). No-load power factor. Full-load copper loss. [2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 8 marks]

If the load impedance on the low-voltage side is Zload = 8 30 0 , determine the voltage regulation using the approximate equivalent circuit. [5 marks] (b) A 50 kVA, 2400/240 V transformer has a core loss Pc = 200W at rated voltage and a copper loss Pcu = 300W at full load. It has the following load cycle. Table 1: Load Cycle 0.0% 50% 75% 1 0.6 lag 6 6 6

Load (%) Power Factor Hours

100% 0.8 lag 3

110% 0.9 3

Determine the all-day efficiency of the transformer, AD .

[7 marks]

Question 3
(a) (b) Explain clearly what you understand by the term armature reaction. [5 marks] What are the THREE conditions that need to be satisfied for voltage build-up in a self-excited d.c generator? [3 marks]

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Question 3(Continued)
(c) A d.c machine (10 kW, 250V, 1000rpm) has Ra = 0.2 , Rfw = 133. The machine is self-excited and is driven at 1000rpm. The data for the magnetisation curve are Table 2: Magnetisation data at 1000rpm If (A) Ea (V) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) 0.0 10 0.1 40 0.2 80 0.3 120 0.4 150 0.5 170 0.75 200 1.0 220 1.5 245 2.0 263

Determine the generated voltage with no field current. [2 marks] Determine the critical field circuit resistance. [2 marks] Determine the value of the field control resistance (Rfc) if the no-load terminal voltage is 250V. [2 marks] Determine the value of the no-load generated voltage if the generator is driven at 800rpm and Rfc = 0. [3 marks] Determine the speed at which the generator is to be driven such that no-load voltage is 200V with Rfc = 0. [3 marks]

Question 4
(a) Use the approximate equivalent circuit to derive an expression for the slip at which maximum torque occurs in a wound rotor induction machine. [6 marks] A 3 phase, Y-connected, 18kW, 50Hz, 415V, 6 poles, wound rotor Induction motor with stator / rotor turns of 2 has the following per phase parameters Stator resistance = 0.3723 Stator reactance = 1.434 Rotor resistance = 0.1 Rotor reactance = 0.5 Determine (i) (ii) The maximum torque developed. [4 marks] The rheostat resistance / phase required to operate the machine at rated torque and 900 rpm. [10 marks]

(b)

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Question 5
(a) From a construction and operation point of view, give 3 ways in which synchronous motors and induction motors differ. [3 marks] State any 2 synchronous motor applications. [2 marks] (c) A 3300V, 1.5 MW, 3 phase, Y-connected synchronous motor has Xd = 4 /phase and Xq = 3 /phase. Neglecting all losses, calculate

(b)

(i)

The excitation emf when the motor supplies rated load at unity power factor. [7 marks] The maximum mechanical power which the motor would develop for this field excitation. [8 marks]

(ii)

Question 6
(a) (b) Derive the relationship between governor droop and speed regulation. [5 marks] With the help of a diagram, explain how synchronous generators with different governor droops share on-coming bus loads. [5 marks] Three 25Hz turbine generators A, B and C are connected in parallel and operating at 25Hz, 2400V. Generator A is rated at 600 kW and has a speed regulation of 2.0%. Generator B is rated at 500 kW and has a speed regulation of 1.5%. Generator C has a rating of 1000 kW and has a speed regulation of 4.0%. The loads on machines A, B and C are 200 kW, 300 kW and 400 kW respectively. If an additional 800 kW is connected to the bus, determine (i) (ii) The new frequency [7 marks] The load on each generator [3 marks]

(c)

END OF QUESTION PAPER

sg/

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Candidates ID:
Figure 2 for Question 1 [AttachmentTo be submitted with the answer booklet]

Figure 2: Magnetisation curve

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