Khoa CNTP - HUFI

Ths. Trng Bch Chin 1

1
PHN TCH THC PHM
TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THC PHM Tp HCM
KHOA CNG NGH THC PHM
2
GiI THIU MN HC
Ging vin: ThS. TRNG BCH CHIN
Phone: 01686.151.042
Email: truongbachien@yahoo.com
truongbachchien2011.co.cc
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 2
3
Gii thiu v ni dung mn hc
4 Chng 6: Xc nh Lipit 6
4 Chng 5: Xc nh Protit 5
4 Chng 4: nh lng CacbonHydrat 4
6 Chng 3: nh lng tro, m v khong 3
2 Chng 2: nh lng acid 2
10 Chng 1: Cc khi nim c bn 1
S tit Ni dung Stt
4
Ti liu tham kho
[1] Gio trnh l thuyt phn tch thc phm- Khoa CNTP- trng i hc
cng nghip thc phm TpHCM
[2] Bi Th Nh Thun, Kim nghim lng thc thc phm, Nh xut
bn Khoa hc K thut , 1990.
[3] S.Suzanne Nielsen, Food Analysis Second Edition,
Gaithersburg,Maryland, 1998.
[4] Trng Bch Chin, gio trnh phn tch cng nghip,Trng Cao
ng Cng nghip TpHCM, 2004
[5] Trng Bch Chin, Phn tch cng nghip thc phm, Trng i
Hc Cng nghip TpHCM, 2008
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 3
5
CHNG 1: Cc khi nim c bn
1.1. Cng thc nng
1.2. Pha ch dung dch
1.3. Cc phng php phn tch
6
CHNG 1: Cc khi nim c bn
1.1. Cng thc tnh nng
1.1.1. Nng phn trm khi lng - C (%): biu din
s gam cht tan c trong 100 gam dung dch
100
m
m
% C
dd
ct
=
Vi:
m
ct
- s gam cht tan (g)
m
dd
- s gam dung dch (g)
C% - nng phn trm ca dung dch
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 4
7
CHNG 1: Cc khi nim c bn
1.1. Cng thc tnh nng
1.1.2. Nng mol C
M
(M): biu din s mol cht tan c
trong mt lt dung dch.
V
n
C
M
=
Vi:
n - s mol cht tan (mol)
V - th tch dung dch (l)
C
M
- nng mol/l (M)
8
CHNG 1: Cc khi nim c bn
1.1. Cng thc tnh nng
1.1.3. Nng ng lng C
N
(N): biu din s ng lng
gam cht tan c trong mt lt dung dch.
V
' n
C
N
=
Vi:
n - s ng lng gam cht tan
V - th tch dung dch (l)
C
N
- nng ng lng (N)
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 5
9
CHNG 1: Cc khi nim c bn
1.1. Cng thc tnh nng
Mi lin h cc loi nng trn c cho bi cc biu thc:
Trong :
d: khi lng ring ca dung dch (g/ml)
M: phn t lng ca cht tan
: ng lng gam cht tan (lg)
M
d 10
% C C
M
=
C
M
C%

d 10
% C C
N
=
C
N
C%
C
N
= z.C
M
C
N
C
M
10
ng lng nh lut ng lng
Nhc nh
Nit trong N
2
O, NO, N
2
O
3
, NO
2
, N
2
O
5
ln lt c ng lng tng ng l bao nhiu?
Cng thc chung ng lng l:
z
M
=
Trong acid/baz, z ls ion H+ hay OH- b thay th trong 1 phn t axit hay baz
Trong phn t mui, z l tch s ion thay th vi in tch ion thay th (ion
c th l cation hoc anion) tnh cho 1 phn t mui
Trong hp cht oxy ha kh, n l s electron m mt phn t cht kh c th cho hay
mt phn t cht oxy ha c th nhn c tnh cho 1 phn t cht
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 6
11
CHNG 1: Cc khi nim c bn
1.2. Pha ch dung dch
1.2.1. Pha long dung dch:
Trng hp 1:
m1(g) dung dch A C1 (%) trn vi m2(g) dung dch A C2 (%), thu c m3
(g) dung dch A C3 (%)
th c :
m1 / m2 = | (C2 C3) / (C1 C3) |
Dng quy tc cho:
m1 ddA C1 |C2 - C3|
C3
m2 ddA C2 |C1 C3|
12
CHNG 1: Cc khi nim c bn
1.2. Pha ch dung dch
1.2.1. Pha long dung dch:
Trng hp 2:
V1(mL) dung dch A C1 (M) trn vi V2(mL) dung dch A C2 (M),
thu c V3 (mL) dung dch A C3 (M)
Dng quy tc cho:
V1 ddA C1 |C2 - C3|
C3
V2 ddA C2 |C1 C3|
th c :
V1 / V2 = | (C2 C3) / (C1 C3) |
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 7
13
1. Tnh th tch nc ct cn pha vo 100mL dung dch HCl 20%
(d= 1,1g/mL) thu c dung dch c nng 5%; bit H=1,
Cl=35,5
a. 300mL
b. 380mL
c. 330mL
d. 400mL
2. Tnh th tch nc ct cn pha vo 100g dung dch H2SO4 20%
(d= 1,12g/mL) thu c dung dch c nng 5%
a. 300mL
b. 330mL
c. 380mL
d. 400mL
V d :
14
1. pha ch 100mL dung dch C2H2O4 0,1M, th cn bao nhiu gam
lng tinh th C2H2O4.7 H2O , bit C=12; H=1; O=16:
a. 2.61 b. 2.36
c. 2.16 d. 2.63
2. pha ch 100mL dung dch C2H2O4 0,1M, th cn bao nhiu gam
lng dung dch C2H2O4 20%( d= 1,24g/mL) , bit C=12; H=1; O=16:
a. 4.5
b. 5.4
c. 5.8
d. 4.8
3. Tnh khi lng tinh th KMnO4 98% theo l thuyt pha 500mL dung
dch KMnO4 0,05N . Bit M(KMnO4) = 158dvC
a. 1.3435
b. 0.1533
c. 13.4354
d. 0.1443
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 8
15
CHNG 1: Cc khi nim c bn
1.2. Pha ch dung dch
1.2.2. Pha ch dung dch t cht rn
Tnh khi lng cn thit pha V(mL)
dung dch (A) CM t tinh th rn (A) c
tinh khit (p%)
M
p
C V
m .
. 10
.
=
16
1. pha ch 100mL dung dch C2H2O4 0,1M, th cn bao nhiu gam
lng tinh th C2H2O4.7 H2O , bit C=12; H=1; O=16:
a. 2.61 b. 2.36
c. 2.16 d. 2.63
2. pha ch 100mL dung dch C2H2O4 0,1M, th cn bao nhiu gam
lng dung dch C2H2O4 20%( d= 1,24g/mL) , bit C=12; H=1; O=16:
a. 4.5
b. 5.4
c. 5.8
d. 4.8
3. Tnh khi lng tinh th KMnO4 98% theo l thuyt pha 500mL dung
dch KMnO4 0,05N . Bit M(KMnO4) = 158dvC
a. 1.3435
b. 0.1533
c. 13.4354
d. 0.1443
V d :
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 9
17
1.3.1. Phng php khi lng
1.3.2. Phng php th tch
1.3.2.1. Chun acid baz
1.3.2.2. Chun phc cht
1.3.2.3. Chun oxy ha kh
1.3.2.4. Chun to ta
1.3.3. Phng php o quang
18
CHNG 1: Cc khi nim c bn
1.3. Cc phng php phn tch
1.3.1. Phng php khi lng
Ni dung
Mu
ddch mu
Ta
C. rn
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 10
19
Ly 5(g) mt mu thc phm c
cha P em chuyn ha thnh
dung dch, ri tin hnh to ta
di dng MgNH
4
PO
4
sau khi
loi b cc thnh phn khc P.
em nung th uc 1,235(g)
Mg
2
P
2
O
7
, tnh hm lng %P c
trong mu ban u?
(Mg=24; P=31; O=16; N=14; H=1)
20
TNG QUT
Hm lng cu t (x) khi chuyn i t
dng mu A (m
0
) thnh dng cn B (m
1
)
(theo phng trnh chuyn ho: a A b
B) sau khi c pha long (nh mc)
n ln V
1
, V
2
, ...V
n
ri trch ra m ln V'
1
,
V'
2
, ...V'
m
.
Cng thc tnh hm lng % s l?
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 11
21
H s chuyn i
B
A
M b
M a
K
.
.
=
F K
m
m
X . . %
0
1
=
H s pha long
'
V
V
F =
22
Cn 0,35(g) mt lng mui cha
Na
2
SO
4
ri nh mc thnh 250mL
dung dch. Ht 50(mL) t dung dch
ny, phn tch theo phng php
khi lng th c 0,0405(g)
BaSO
4
. Tnh hm lng % SO
4
2
c trong mu mui cha Na
2
SO
4
ban u.
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 12
23
S chuyn ha cch gii
Phn ng chuyn i: Na
2
SO
4
BaSO
4
H s chuyn i:
Vy
hm lng % SO
4
2-
=
% 88 , 94 % 100 . 64 , 1 .
50 . 35 , 0
250 . 0405 , 0
=
64 , 1
233 . 1
142 . 1
.
.
= = =
B
A
M b
M a
K
24
1. Ly 5(g) mt mu thc phm c cha P em ta di dng MgNH
4
PO
4
ri nung th uc 1,235(g) Mg
2
P
2
O
7
, th hm lng %P , s l bao nhiu?,
bit Mg=24; P=31; O=16; N=14; H=1:
a. 6.8982 %
b. 6.8897 %
c. 6.8789 %
d. 6.8778 %
2. Ly 5(g) mt mu thc phm c cha P em ta di dng MgNH
4
PO
4
ri nung th uc 1,235(g) Mg
2
P
2
O
7
, th hm lng %P
2
O
5
, s l bao
nhiu?, bit Mg=24; P=31; O=16; N=14; H=1:
a. 15.9817
b. 15.7991
c. 15.8917
d. 15.1789
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 13
25
CHNG 1: Cc khi nim c bn
1.3. Cc phng php phn tch
1.3.2. Phng php th tch
Ni dung
Mu
ddch mu
Dd phn tch
Chun
26
CHNG 1: Cc khi nim c bn
1.3. Cc phng php phn tch
1.3.2. Phng php th tch
Ni dung
Ch th
Dung dch phn tch
Thuc th
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 14
27
Ch
Ch th
im tng ng
im cui chun
Cng thc tnh kt qu
S sai lch trong tnh ton v thc t
28
V d
Khi tin hnh chun 10mL dung dch HCl vi
ch th phenolphtalein, c 9,8mL dung dch
NaOH 0,1N th dung dch HCl i t khng
mu sang mu hng nht.
1. Xc nh nng dung dch HCl ban u
2. Vic chun chnh xc cha? S sai lch
l bao nhiu? Nu qua 3 ln TN th tch ca
NaOH ln lt l 9,8 9,6 9,2(mL). Bit h
s Student t = 4,3 vi tin cy 95%
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 15
29
Cch tnh kt qu nng
e e b b
V C V C . . =
30
Tnh s sai lch
Ti thiu s ln th nghim
Tnh theo phng php thng k ton hc
Tnh theo s sai lch ca dng c, thit b
Tnh theo s sai lch ca phng php
chun
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 16
31
Ni dung
Ch th
Dung dch phn tch
Thuc th
CHNG 1: Cc khi nim c bn
1.3. Cc phng php phn tch
1.3.2. Phng php th tch
1.3.2.1. Chun acid - baz
32
1. Khi xc nh ch tiu hm lng chua trong thc phm sa,
ngi ta dng phng php phn tch th tch g xc nh?
a. Phng php chun acid baz
b. Phng php chun phc chat
c. Phng php chun oxy ha kh
d. Phng php chun to ta
2. Ch th no thng c dng xc nh hm lng acid ton
phn?
a. Methyl da cam
b. Phenolphthalein
c. Thymol xanh
d. Alizarin
3. Khi xc nh ch tiu hm lng chua trong thc phm sa,
ngi ta thng dng thuc th l cht g?
a. Dung dch NaOH 0.1N
b. Dung dch HCl 0.1N
c. Dung dch CH3COOH 0.1N
d. Dung dch KOH 0.1N
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 17
33
Bi tp
Chun 20mL dung dch HCl C
x
bng
V(mL) dung dch NaOH 0,1N.
a. Khi C
x
=0,1N v V = 0 15 19,9 20
22(mL) th pH ca dung dch to thnh
ln lt l bao nhiu?
b. Khi V = 21,2 21,8 22,2 (mL) th C
x
l
bao nhiu vi tin cy 95%, t = 4,3.
34
CHNG 1: Cc khi nim c bn
1.3. Cc phng php phn tch
1.3.2. Phng php th tch
1.3.2.2. Chun phc cht
Ni dung
Ch th
Murecid / ET.00
Dung dch phn tch
cha ion kim loi
Thuc th
complecxon
Phng php
Complecxon
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 18
35
CHNG 1: Cc khi nim c bn
1.3. Cc phng php phn tch
1.3.2. Phng php th tch
1.3.2.3. Chun to ta
Ni dung
Ch th
K2CrO4
Dung dch phn tch
cha ion Clo
Thuc th
dd ion Ag
Mohr
36
CHNG 1: Cc khi nim c bn
1.3. Cc phng php phn tch
1.3.2. Phng php th tch
1.3.2.4. Chun oxy ha kh
Ni dung
Khng dng ch th
Dung dch phn tch
cha ion kim loi
Thuc th
permanganat
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 19
37
CHNG 1: Cc khi nim c bn
1.3. Cc phng php phn tch
1.3.3. Phng php o quang
Ni dung
Mu
ddch mu
Dd
mu
o
quang
38
nh lut Bougher Lambere-
Beer
Mt quang:
A = . L . C
A = - lg(T)
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 20
39
Phng trnh o quang
Phng trnh bt nht
Phng trnh ng thng hi quy
tuyn tnh
A = a + b.C hay C = a + b. A
40
CHNG 1: Cc khi nim c bn
1.3. Cc phng php phn tch
1.3.3. Phng php o quang
p dng nh lut Beer: A = k.C vit phng trnh
hi quy tuyn tnh cho dy th chun dng A = a +
b.C hay C = a + b. A
Ni dung
Giai on 1: Lp dy th chun o quang
Thay gi tr A (mu) vo pthqtt, tnh c
nng ca dung dch mu o quang
Giai on 2: Ly mu phn tch o quang
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 21
41
CCH LP PHNG TRNH
Dng my tnh c nhn
Tm gi tr a v b
Vit phng trnh hi quy tuyn tnh
Tinh nng (X) dung dch phn tch
Tnh kt qu hm lng (X) trong mu
thc phm ban u
42
Trong php phn tch hm lng st tng c
trong thc phm, kt qu mt dy chun st l:
Mu 0 1 2 3 4
C
ppm
0 0,1 0,15 0,2 0,25
A 0 0,2460,3610,5120,819
Phng trnh hi quy tuyn tnh c h s a v b
ln lt l bao nhiu trong dng A = a + b. C ?
a. 0,17 v + 3,74
b. 0,71 v + 3,74
c. + 0,17 v - 3,74
d. + 0,71 v - 3,74 [C62]
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 22
43
Trong php phn tch hm lng st tng c
trong thc phm, kt qu mt dy chun st l:
Mu 0 1 2 3 4
C
ppm
0 0,1 0,15 0,2 0,25
A 0 0,2460,3610,5120,819
Nu mu phn tch c A = 0,672 th nng
dung dch l bao nhiu?
a. 0.2251
b. 0.1390
c. 0.1374
d. 0.1928 [C64]
44
em 5(g) mu sa bt v c ha c 500mL dung
dch mu, ri ly ra 20mL dung dch phn tch hm
lng st tng
Kt qu mt dy chun st l:
Mu 0 1 2 3 4
C
N
0 0,1 0,15 0,2 0,25
A 0 0,246 0,361 0,512 0,819
Cn em 5mL dung dch phn tch khi o quang, th
c A = 0,672.
Hi hm lng st c trong mu ban u l bao nhiu?
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 23
45
CHNG 2: nh lng acid v ph
gia
1.1. nh lng acid tng
1.2. nh lng benzoat
1.3. nh lng sunfit
46
CHNG 2: nh lng acid
2.1. xc nh tng chua
Ly theo TCVN 1694 - 75
Vi mu sa
Nhc nh cch ly mu
-Ly theo can : 5% tng s
-Khng di 3 can
-Ly theo v tr Khng gian
-Khng t hn 0.5L
-L thy tinh mu, kh sch
-Bo qun ni kh mt (1 thng)
-L mu phi ghi r Label:
-tn s hiu ngy thng ngi ly- quy cch ly
Ch
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 24
47
Cch
Tin
hnh
Cng
Thc
tnh
Nguyn
Tc
chua
Tng
48
CHNG 2: nh lng acid
2.1. xc nh tng chua
Nguyn tc
Dng dung dch NaOH 0,1N trung ha lng
acid c trong mu vi cht ch th phenolphtalein
1% hoc dng in cc ch th chun
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 25
49
Mu sa
Ti VmL
Cch tin
hnh
Dung
dch
Dung
dch
phn
tch
Chun

bng
NaOH
0,1N
nh mc 100mL
+ Ht VmL dung dch
+ 5 git PP
Chun
CHNG 2: nh lng acid
2.1. xc nh tng chua
50
Nu chun bng My chun in
th
Nhc nh
-Hiu chnh li nng NaOH
-Ci t cc thng s cho my in
th (tham kho cch ci t Gio
trnh)
-Dng khuy t ng cch
-Tnh kt qu trn my chun
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 26
51
Cng thc tnh
Trong :
Vm: l th tch mu (mL)
V: l th tch NaOH 0,1N tiu tn trong chun (mL)
Vdd: th tch mu sau x l mang i chun
Vdm: th tch bnh nh mc
K: l h s ca loi acid
d d
. .
. 1 0 0 0
d m
m
K V V
V V
chua X (g/L) =
?
52
+ Vi sa kt qu biu th bng acid lactic K = 0,0090
+ Vi thc phm ln men chua lactic kt qu biu th
bng acid lactic K = 0,0090
+ Vi dm kt qu biu th bng acid axetic K = 0,0060
+ Vi cc loi hoa qu ti, siro, ko.kt qu biu th
bng acid xitric K = 0,0064
+ Vi du m kt qu biu th bng acid oleic K = 0,0282
K l acid tng ng vi 1mL NaOH 0,1N
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 27
53
CU HI
1. Cho bit cch ly mu Bia, nc ngt
khc vi cch ly mu trong sa chua
nh th no?
2. Vi mu Bia, chua c tnh theo loi
acid g?
3. Nu cc bin php khc phc bt c
trong Bia khi phn tch cc ch tiu trong
Bia
54
CHNG 3: nh lng m, tro
v khong
3.1. m- phng php sy
3.2. Tro- phng php khi lng
3.3. Khong nh lng Canxi
3.4. Khong nh lng Fe
3.5. Khong nh lng P
3.6. Khong nh lng NaCl
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 28
55
ngha
M
M T DO
M VT L
M HA HC
56
CCH
TIN
HNH
CNG
THC
NGUYN
TC
SY
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 29
57
CCH
TIN
HNH
CNG
THC
Nguyn
Tc
TRO
TNG
58
Cu hi
1. Trong Clip v cch tin hnh, s dng
mu khc nhau, nn iu g thay i?
2. Phng php trong Video Clip l
phng php g?
3. So snh 2 cch tin hnh, cch no
n gin hn/ cch no cho hiu sut tt
hn?
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 30
59
Cch
Tin
hnh
Cng
Thc
tnh
Nguyn
Tc
Canxi
Magie
60
X l
mu
MU LNG
Dng huyn ph: Lc giy
Dng ln men: loi b CO
2
Lc trn k mu bng my khuy
LNG
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 31
61
X l
mu
MU RN
B ht v v cng ca
khoang ht
cn v nghin mu trong
my nghin.
RN
62
CHNG 3: nh lng m
3.1. phng php SY
Nguyn tc
Mu c sy trong 5 h 87
0
C,
hao ht khi lng trc v sau khi
sy l c s tnh m tng
cng.
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 32
63
Cn mu
sa
Cch tin
hnh
Mu
ban
u
Mu
phn
tch
Ly
mu
ra -
Cn
Ly mu theo
TCVN 6400
Cha mu trong ct
t trong t sy
-Trn
-Sy
CHNG 3: nh lng m
3.1. phng php SY
64
Cng thc tnh
Trong :
m
0
l khi lng mu thc phm
m
1
l khi lng ton ct rng trc khi sy
m
2
l khi lng ct v mu sau khi sy
m X (g/g) 100 .
0
1 2
m
m m
=
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 33
65
Nguyn tc
Chit tro tng s bng nc nng,
em nung n khi lng khng i.
Hiu s cn trc v sau khi nung
dng xc nh hm lng tro
tng.
CHNG 3: nh lng tro
3.2.1. Xc nh lng tro tng
66
Cn mu
thc phm
Cch tin
hnh
Mu
tro
ban
u
Mu
tro
phn
tch

ngui
Cn
mu
-Khong 5(g)
-Than ha ngui
Cn chnh
xc 4 s
Chit
Lc
Nung
CHNG 4: nh lng tro
4.1. Xc nh lng tro tng
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 34
67
Cng thc tnh
Trong :
m
0
l khi lng mu thc phm
m
1
l khi lng chn nung rng trc khi nung
m
2
l khi lng chn nung v mu sau khi nung
RS l hm lng cht kh ca mu c xc nh
theo ISO 1572, c tnh bng phn trm khi lng
Tro tng X (g/g) 100 .
.
0
1 2
RS m
m m
=
68
Nguyn tc tm Canxi
Mu mui c ho tan trong acid HCl. Hm
lng canxi ho tan trong mu mui c
xc nh bng phng php khi lng. Tin
hnh ta caxi di dng CaC
2
O
4
, lc, ra v
nung ta nhit 950
0
C n khi lng
khng i. T tnh c hm lng caxi
c trong mu.
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 35
69
Nguyn tc tm Magie
Dch lc sau khi xc nh canxi s c s
dng xc nh Mg bng phng php khi
lng. Ta Mg di dng MgNH
4
PO
4
.6H
2
O
v nung ta nhit 850
0
C trong 2 gi
n khi lng khng i chuyn v dng
cn Mg
2
P
2
O
7
. T , tnh c hm lng
magi c trong mu mui.
70
Mu Mui
m(g)
Xc nh
Canxi
Dung
dch
Dung
dch
phn
tch
Nung
ta
Cn
lng
rn m
1
+ c x l
+ Ha tan bng HCl
+ Lc
+ Ht 50mL dch lc 1
+ cht th
+ Lc gn,
dch loc 2
v ta
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 36
71
Dch lc 2
ca Canxi
Xc nh
Magie
Dung
dch
Ta
Nung
ta
Cn
lng
rn m
2
+ c x l
+ un nng
+ Lc
72
Cng thc tnh
100 7143 . 0 %
0
1 2

=
h
bdm
V
V
m
m m
Ca
100 2184 . 0
'
%
0
1 3

=
h
bdm
V
V
m
m m
Mg
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 37
73
Cch
Tin
hnh
Cng
Thc
tnh
Nguyn
Tc
St
74
Nguyn tc
Da vo kh nng to phc mu gia Fe
2+
v 1 10 phenanthrolein. Trong khong
pH = 2 9, phc mu cam gia Fe
2+
v 1 10 phenanthrolein hp thu cc i
bc sng 505 nm. Bng cch xy dng
ng chun A f(C), ta c th xc nh
hm lng Fe trong mu
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 38
75
Cch tin
hnh
To dy chun o quang
Chun b mu Bia
T pthhtt tnh nng Fe
76
To dy chun
inh mc thnh 100mL Nc ct
2 mL V (o phenanthrolein)
25mL Acid ascorbic (mg)
3 2 1 0.5 0.25 0 V Fe
2+
(mL) (0.1 mg/mL)
5 4 3 2 1 0 STT
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 39
77
Chun b mu Bia
inh mc thnh
100mL Nc ct
2 mL V (o phenanthrolein)
25mL Acid ascorbic (mg)
10 10 10 Mu Bia (mL)
3 2 1 STT
78
Tin hnh o quang
Vit phng trnh hi quy tuyn tnh
Tnh hm lng Fe
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 40
79
Cng thc tnh hm lng st
m
bdm
Fe
V
V
C C =
80
Cch
Tin
hnh
Cng
Thc
tnh
Nguyn
Tc
Photpho
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 41
81
Cch
Tin
hnh
Cng
Thc
tnh
Nguyn
Tc
NaCl
82
CHNG 4
phn tch hm lng CarbonHydrat
4.1. nh lng ng kh
4.2. nh lng ng tng
4.3. nh lng tinh bt
4.4. nh lng Dextrin
4.5. nh lng Pectin
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 42
83
CHNG 4: phn tch hm lng
CarbonHydrat
4.1. nh lng ng kh
4.1.1. Phng php Bettrand
4.1.2. Phng php Lane Eynon
4.1.3. Phng php DNS
84
Mc tiu tit hc
1. trnh by c nguyn tc, cch tin
hnh phn tch ung kh bng phng
php Bettrand
2. phn tch c cc yu cu k thut v
cch khc phc cc vn ny sinh trong
qu trnh tin hnh
3. trnh by c cng thc v p dng
php tnh cng thc vo trong cc bi tp,
tr li cc cu hi trong bi
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 43
85
Sa l mt loi thc phm c gi tr dinh
dng cao, cung cp ngun Protein, ngun
nng lng cho c th. Sa cn c kh nng
cung cp cho c th ngun Calci rt tt cho
xng, nht l ngi gi v tr em. T sa c
th ch bin nhiu sn phm khc: phomt,
b, sa chua
Gii thiu: Sa v cc ch phm t
sa
86
Thnh phn trong mt s sa
0,8 4,5 7,9 5,8 Sa cu
0,8 4,7 4,1 3,6 Sa d
0,7 4,8 7,5 4,0 Sa tru
0,7 4,8 3,7 3,5 Sa b
0,5 6,2 1,7 2,2 Sa nga
0,2 7,0 3,8 1,2 Sa m
khong Carbon
hydrate
Cht
bo
Protei
n
Loi sa
(g/L)
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 44
Trong ngnh ha thc phm v dinh dng, ngi ta chia dng
thnh 3 dang: dng dn gin, dng di (gm 2 gc dng dn
gin kt hp vi nhau) v dng da (gm nhiu dng dn kt
hp lai).
Trong sa c dng lactose M = 342.3 (cn gi l dng sa v c
trong sa ngi v dng vt). y cng l dng di, khi thy
phn s cho 2 gc dng dn l glucose v galactose.
Lactose kt tinh chm, tinh th cng v c nhiu dang tinh th.
Vitamin B
2
c th c ch s kt tinh ca lactose.
ngt ca cc loai dng khng ging nhau, nu ly vj ngt ca
dng saccarose lm chun (100) th lactose 16.
Lactose (C
12
H
22
O
11
) - mt loi ng
c bit
+
galactose
glucose
Ni thm
CTCT ca glucose v galactose
theo dng vng - dng thng
C
5
H
11
O
5
-CHO + 2 Cu(OH)
2
C
5
H
11
O
5
-COOH + Cu
2
O + 2H
2
O
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 45
ng kh
ng lactose vn
cn tnh kh v vn
cn gc OH
glucozit t do
ng kh l g?
ng kh l ng c tnh kh nh vo
nhm andehyt hoc ceton (i vi mch
thng) v gc OH glucozit t do (i vi
mch vng)
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 46
91
NI DUNG PHP PHN
TCH
Phng php BETTRAND
NGUYN TC
CCH TIN HNH
CCH TNH KT QU
MT S VN QUAN TM
92
Nguyn
tc
Phng php Bettrand
Trong mi trng kim mnh, glucid trc
tip kh oxy khi c mt cht kh l
Cu(OH)
2
to thnh kt ta di dng Cu
2
O
mu gch. Lng Cu
2
O s phn ng
vi mt lng d Fe
3+
sinh ra mt
lng Fe
2+
tng ng v c chun
bng dung dch KMnO
4
trong mi trng
acid.
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 47
93
K thut
phn
tch
Phng php Bettrand
Dng phng php chun Oxy ha kh - Phng php
Permanganat
Phng trnh phn ng minh ha :
RCHO +2Cu(OH)
2
RCOOH + Cu
2
O +2H
2
O.
Cu
2
O + Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ H
2
SO
4
2CuSO
4
+ H
2
O + 2FeSO
4
10FeSO
4
+ 8H
2
SO
4
+ 2 KMnO
4
K
2
SO
4
+ 2MnSO
4
+ 5Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ H
2
O
94
Mu sa
10(g)
Cch tin
hnh
Dung
dch
+Nc nng
+5mL K
4
[Fe(CN)
6
] 15%
+5 mL (CH
3
COO)
2
Pb 10%
Dung
dch
ban
u
+ ngui,
+nh mc thnh 100mL
Dung
dch
mu
Lc
1. Giai on kh
tp
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 48
95
Dung dch
Mu
Dd mu mu
xanh c ta
mu gch +Fehling A
+Fehling B
+un si
Dung
dch
mu
+Lc, Ra ta
+ Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
5%
Chun
bng
KMNO
4
0.1N +H
2
SO
4
6N
Cch tin
hnh
2. Giai on xc
nh ng kh
96
Khi dung dch chuyn sang
mu hng nht
1. Mu hng nht l mu ca
ch th no?
2. Khi dung dch chuyn
sang mu hng n nh, th
im dng ny trc hay
sau im tng ng?
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 49
97
CU HI TNG T
1. Trong cc cu sau, cu no ng nht:
a. im cui chun l im m ti cht ch th i mu
b. im tng ng l im m ti cht ch th i mu
c. im tng ng thng thng l im cui chun
d. im dng chun cng l im tng ng
2. im dng chun l g?
a. L im tng ng ca php chun
b. L thi im lc dung dch chuyn mu theo cht ch th
c. L thi im php chun c sai s nh nht
d. L im m cc cht phn ng va
98
CCH TNH KT
QU
Bc 1:T th tch chun ca KMnO
4,
-
tra bng Bettrand, c c khi lng
ng tng ng
Bng Bettrand
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 50
99
CCH TNH KT
QU
Bc 2:
Vi th tch KMnO
4
khng c trong ct, th
dng phng trnh hi quy tuyn tnh,
xc nh khi lng ng kh
Phng trnh hi
quy tuyn tnh
100
CCH TNH KT
QU
Bc 3:
Thay gi tr khi lng ng kh tm c
vo cng thc tnh hm lng ng kh
trong mu sa
Cng thc xc
nh hm lng
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 51
101
3 cu hi sau khi xem Clip
1. im khc bit g trong giai on kh
tp?
2. v sao phi un nh dung dch
Fehling?
3. tip theo sau on lc bng chn
khng, cn phi lm g Cu
2
O gim
tip xc vi khng kh, nhm trnh s
mt lng Cu
2
O ?
102
Bi tp Cu hi v nh
1. Khi phn tch hm lng ng kh c trong thc phm
sa bng phng php Bertrand, ngi ta dng chun
khi no?
a. khi dung dch mu phn tch chuyn sang mu hng tm
b. khi dung dch mu phn tch t ti im tng ng
c. khi dung dch mu phn tch c n nh
d. khi th tch dung dch thuc th t ti u [C73]
2. Khi phn tch hm lng ng kh c trong thc phm
sa bng phng php Bertrand, khi nim ng kh
l g?
a. l glucoz vn cn cha nhm -CHO
b. l ng b kh hon ton
c. l glucoz khng th thc hin phn ng oxy ha kh
d. l Glucoz dng Disaccarit [C74]
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 52
103
Bi tp Cu hi v nh
3. Khi phn tch hm lng ng kh c trong thc phm
sa bng phng php Bertrand, ngi ta cho thuc th
Fehling A v B vo lm g?
a. oxy ha hon ton lng ng kh
b. kh hon ton lng ng kh
c. oxy ha hon ton lng ng
d. to mt mi trng n nh [C75]
4. Khi phn tch hm lng ng kh c trong thc phm
sa bng phng php Bertrand, ngi ta cho thuc th
Fehling A v B vo th dung dch mu phn tch s c
mu g?
a. mu xanh bic b. mu vng rm
c. mu hng nht d. mu tm [C76]
104
BNG TRA KHI LNG NG
KH
95 26.7 64 18.8 33 10.1
94 26.5 63 18.6 32 9.88
93 26.2 62 18.3 31 9.58
92 26 61 18 30 9.3
91 25.7 60 17.7 29 8.97
90 25.5 59 17.5 28 8.7
89 25.2 58 17.2 27 8.39
88 25 57 16.9 26 8.09
87 24.7 56 16.6 25 7.81
86 24.5 55 16.4 24 7.52
85 24.2 54 16.1 23 7.38
84 24 53 15.9 22 6.91
83 23.8 52 15.5 21 6.61
Khi lng
glucose
(mg)
Th tch
KMnO4
0.1N
Khi lng
glucose
(mg)
Th tch
KMnO4
0.1N
Khi lng
glucose
(mg)
Th tch
KMnO4
0.1N
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 53
105
th biu din mi lin h gia khi
lng ng glucose (mg) v th
tch KMnO4 0.1N
y = 3.6365x - 3.5569
R
2
= 0.9989
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 10 20 30
Th tch KMnO4 0.1N (ml)
K
h

i

l

n
g

g
l
u
c
o
s
e

(
m
g
)
106
Cng thc tnh cho TP rn
Trong :
G: khi lng ng nghch chuyn hoc ng glucose (g)
tng ng vi s mL KMnO
4
0,1N trong bng.
m: khi lng mu thc phm (g)
Vdd: th tch dung dch mu c ht ra tin hnh phn
ng v chun .
Vm: th tch bnh nh mc (th tch dung dch mu sau khi
x l)
F: h s hiu chnh nng KMnO
4
. (Vi dung dch hiu
chun, F = 1)
m V
F V G
X
dd
m
.
100 . . . 10 .
(%)
3
=
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 54
107
Cng thc tnh cho TP lng
Trong :
G: khi lng ng nghch chuyn hoc ng glucose (g)
tng ng vi s mL KMnO
4
0,1N trong bng.
Vm: th tch mu sau ban u
Vdd: th tch dung dch mu c ht ra tin hnh phn
ng v chun .
Vm: th tch bnh nh mc (th tch dung dch mu sau khi
x l)
F: h s hiu chnh nng KMnO
4
. Vi dung dch hiu
chun, F =1
F
V V
V G
l g X
m dd
m
.
.
.
) / ( =
108
CHNG 4: phn tch hm lng CarbonHydrat
4.2. nh lng tinh bt
4.2.1. c im phn tch
4.2.2. TCVN 5535 : 1991
TCVN 3294-80
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 55
109
c im tinh bt
Amolose
Amilopectin
110
Amilose
chim 10 20%, tan trong nc
Tc dng vi iod cho mu xanh c trng
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 56
111
Amilopectin
chim 80 90 %, khng tan trong nc
Tc dng vi iod cho mu nho
112
Phn ng thy phn
To glucoze
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 57
113
4.2.2. TCVN 5535 : 1991
Nguyn tc
iu kin Tin hnh
114
Nguyn tc
da trn nguyn l nghch chuyn ng
t phn ng thu phn hon ton ca
polysacarit bng cc axit long, nhng
khng nh hng n lactoza v cc loi
ng khc.
khng lm thay i lng lactoza bng
cch x l vi amoniac, sau lm trung
ho NH
3
d, ri cho thm dung dch km
axetat v kali feroxyanua
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 58
115
Tin hnh
Chun b mu
Tnh kt qu
Tin hnh phng php
th
116
Chun b mu
Sa c
Sa bt
Sa
ti
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 59
117
Mu sa
40(g)
Cch tin
hnh
Dung
dch
+Nc nng dn t 50mL n 150mL
(un nh n 90
0
C, ngui n t
0
phng)
+5mL NH
3
2N 10 pht
+12,5mL K
4
[Fe(CN)
6
] 1N
+12,5 mL (CH
3
COO)
2
Zn 2N
Dung
dch
ban
u
+ un nng nh
+ ngui trong 10 pht
Dung
dch
Phn
cc
(D)
Lc
1. To dung dch
phn cc
118
Dung dch
Phn cc (D)
40mL
un Dd
60
0
C
+6mL HCl
(trong BDM
50mL)
Dung dch
Phn cc
(J)
+ bp cch thy
+15 pht
Cch tin
hnh
Xc nh ng
nghch chuyn
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 60
119
Tnh kt qu
D: S phn cc k dung dch (D)
J: S phn cc k dung dch (J)
Q: h s nghch chuyn (tra bng)
V: Th tch mu ban u trc khi pha
long
m: khi lng mu ban u
i: chiu di ng phn cc k
v: s hiu chnh th tch
m i v
v V
Q
J D
.
1 4 / 5

120
4.2.2. Tiu chun
TCVN 3294-80
Nguyn tc
Tin hnh iu kin
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 61
121
Nguyn tc
Lc mu sau khi ha tan mu bng Cn
ete. Ha tan cn lc bng dung dch HCl
c, ri to ta bng cn 96
0
.
Lng ta trc v sau khi dng HCl l
c s tnh hm lng tinh bt trong
mu ban u
122
Mu sa
2(g)
Cch tin
hnh
Cn
Ra bng Cn Ete trong
phu lc chn khng
Dung
dch
nh
mc
100mL
+11mL nc ct
+14mL HCl c
Lc
ly
rn
+Ht 50mL
+110mL cn 96
0
+12h trong t
lnh
1. To dung dch
phn cc
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 62
123
Tnh kt qu
Hm lng tinh bt c tnh trong 100g
mu
% X = (m
1
m
2
).100
124
CHNG 5
phn tch hm lng Protid
5.1. nh lng N tng bng
phng php Kjendalh
5.2. nh lng N acid amin
5.3. nh lng m thi
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 63
125
NI DUNG PHP PHN
TCH
Phng php KJENDALH
NGUYN TC
CCH TIN HNH
CCH TNH KT QU
MT S VN QUAN TM
126
Nguyn
tc
Phng php Kjendal
Cht hu c c phn hy bng acid
sulfuric vi s c mt ca cht xc tc .
sn phm phn ng c kim ha ; sau
o c chng ct va chun lng
amoniac gii phng . tnh hm lng nito
va nhn kt qu vi h s qui c thu
c hm lng protein th
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 64
127
Mu sa
m(g)
Cch tin
hnh
Dung
dch
Dung
dch
si ha
xanh
Dung
dch
phn
tch
+a vo bnh Kjendal
+Hhp xc tc
+H
2
SO
4
c
+un nng 300
0
C
Ngui
1. Chun b mu
128
Dung dch
Phn tch
Chng ct
Dung
dch
chun

H thng Kjendal
Dung
dch i
mu
Chun b bnh hp thu
+dung dch hp thu
+Ch th
Cch tin
hnh
2. Chng ct
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 65
129
Cng thc xc djnh hm
lng Nit
% Nit
Trong :
V
1
,V
2
: l th tch H
2
SO
4
chun mu tht v
mu trng (ml)
m: khi lng mu (g)
1 2
0,028.(V )
=
V
m

130
CHNG 6
phn tch hm lng Lipic
6.1. i cng v cht bo
6.2. Ch s acid
6.3. Ch s peroxid
6.4. Ch s Iod
6.5. Ch s x phng ha
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 66
131
NGHA - LIPIT
Lipit ngha l hp cht bo, v l hp cht hu c
a chc, gm nhng cht nh du n, m ....
L tnh : Chng c nht cao, khng tan trong
nc, tan trong cc dung mi hu c nh ether,
chlorphorm, benzene, ru nng .
Hai nhm lipid quan trng i vi sinh vt l:
nhm c nhn glycerol v nhm sterol.
132
NGHA - LIPIT
Tc dng:
a) Ngn nga x va ng mch bng cch kt hp
vi cholesterol to cc ester c ng, khng bn
vng v d bi xut ra khi c th.
b) iu ha tnh bn vng ca thnh mch: nng cao
tnh n hi v h thp tnh thm ca thnh mch.
c) C lin quan n c ch chng ung th.
d) Cn thit cho cc chuyn ho cc vitamin nhm B.
e) Mt s t chc nh: gan, no, tim, cc tuyn sinh
dc c nhu cu cao v cc acid bo cha no, nn
khi khng c cung cp t thc n th cc ri
lon s xut hin cc c quan ny trc tin.
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 67
133
NGHA - LIPIT
f) l thnh phn thit yu ca t bo, ca cc mng c
th v c vai tr iu ha sinh hc cao. No b v
cc m thn kinh c bit cn giu cht bo.
h) Cht bo cung cp cc acid bo thit yu khng no
a ni i, chui di l tin cht ca mt lot cc
cht c hot tnh sinh hc cao nh prostaglandin,
leukotrienes, thromboxanesCc eicosanoids ny
l cc cht iu ha rt mnh 1 s t bo v chc
nng nh: kt dnh tiu cu, co mch, ng ng
ng mch Botalli
i). Trong c th cht bo l ngun d tr nng lng
ln nht.
134
Tin
hnh
Cng
Thc
Nguyn
Tc
Ch s
acid
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 68
135
Tin
hnh
Cng
Thc
Nguyn
Tc
Ch s
peroxyt
136
Tin
hnh
Cng
Thc
Nguyn
Tc
Ch s
x phng
Khoa CNTP - HUFI
Ths. Trng Bch Chin 69
137
Tin
hnh
Cng
Thc
Nguyn
Tc
Ch s
Iod