Ti liu kha hc: Phng php gii nhanh ha hc

CHUYN ESTE
Dng 1:Bi tp l thuyt
Bi 1: thi i hc khi B 2007:Thy phn este E c cng thc phn t C4H8O2 vi xc tc axit v c long, thu c hai sn phm hu c X, Y (ch cha cc nguyn t C, H, O). T X c th iu ch trc tip ra Y bng mt phn ng duy nht. Cht X l: A. Axit axetic B. Ru etylic C. Etyl axetat D. Axit fomic Bi 2:Cho cc cht metanol (A), nc (B), etanol (C), axit axetic (D), phenol (E). linh ng ca nguyn t H trong nhm (-OH) ca phn t dung mi cht tng dn theo th t sau: A. A, B, C, D, E B. E, B, A, C, D C. B, A, C, D, E D. C, A, B, E, D Bi 3:C 2 hp cht hu c (X), (Y) cha cc nguyn t C, H, O, khi lng phn t u bng 74. Bit (X) tc dng c vi Na, c (X), (Y) u tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH v dung dch AgNO3 tan trong NH3. Vy X, Y c th l: A. C4H9OH v HCOOC2H5 C. OHC-COOH v C2H5COOH B. CH3COOCH3 v HOC2H4CHO D. OHC-COOH v HCOOC2H5

Bi 4: Hai este A, B l dn xut ca benzen c cng thc phn t l C9H8O2; A v B u cng hp vi brom theo t l mol l 1 : 1. A tc dng vi xt cho mt mui v mt anehit. B tc ng vi xt d cho 2 mui v nc, cc mui c khi lng phn t ln hn khi lng phn t ca natri axetat. Cng thc cu to ca A v B c th l: A. HOOC-C6H4-CH=CH2 v CH2=CH-COOC6H5 C. HCOOC6H4CH=CH2 v HCOOCH=CH-C6H5 C4H8O2 A2 A3 A4 C2H6 A. C2H5OH; CH3COOH v CH3COONa C. C4H9OH; C3H7COOH v C3H7COONa Bi 6: B. C3H7OH; C2H5COOH v C2H5COONa D. p n khc B. C6H5COOCH=CH2 v C6H5-CH=CH-COOH D. C6H5COOCH=CH2 v CH2=CH-COOC6H5

Bi 5: Xc nh cng thc cu to cc cht A2, A3, A4 theo s bin ha sau:

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Ti liu kha hc: Phng php gii nhanh ha hc

Bi 7:Cho s chuyn ho sau: 1). C3H4O2 + NaOH (A) + (B) 2). (A) + H2SO4 long (C) + (D) 3). (C) + AgNO3 + NH3 + H2O (E) + Ag + NH4NO3 4). (B) + AgNO3 + NH3 + H2O (F) + Ag + NH4NO3 Cc cht B v C c th l: A. CH3CHO v HCOONa C. HCHO v HCOOH Bi 8: B. HCOOH v CH3CHO D. HCHO v CH3CHO

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Bi 9: thi i hc khi A -2007 : Mnh khng ng l: A. CH3CH2COOCH=CH2 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH thu c anehit v mui. B. CH3CH2COOCH=CH2 tc dng c vi dung dch Br2. C. CH3CH2COOCH=CH2 cng dy ng ng vi CH2=CHCOOCH3. D. CH3CH2COOCH=CH2 c th trng hp to polime. Bi 10: thi cao ng 2007 : Este X khng no, mch h, c t khi hi so vi oxi bng 3,125 v khi tham gia phn ng x phng ho to ra mt anehit v mt mui ca axit hu c. C bao nhiu cng thc cu to ph hp vi X? (Cho H = 1; C = 12; O =16) A. 4. B. 2. C. 5. D. 3. Bi 11: thi cao ng 2007: Cho cht X tc dng vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH, sau c cn dung dch thu c cht rn Y v cht hu c Z. Cho Z tc dng vi AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3 thu c cht hu c T. Cho cht T tc dng vi dung dch NaOH li thu c cht Y. Cht X c th l A. CH3COOCH=CH-CH3. C. CH3COOCH=CH2. B. HCOOCH=CH2. D. HCOOCH3

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Bi 12: thi i hc khi B 2008 : Este X c cc c im sau: - t chy hon ton X to thnh CO2 v H2O c s mol bng nhau; - Thu phn X trong mi trng axit c cht Y (tham gia phn ng trng gng) v cht Z (c s nguyn t cacbon bng mt na s nguyn t cacbon trong X). Pht biu khng ng l: A. Cht X thuc loi este no, n chc. B. un Z vi dung dch H2SO4 c 170oC thu c anken. C. Cht Y tan v hn trong nc. D. t chy hon ton 1 mol X sinh ra sn phm gm 2 mol CO2 v 2 mol H2O.

CHUYN ESTE
Dng 2:Bi tp este
Bi 1: Cht X cha C, H, O c khi lng phn t bng 74. X tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH v dung dch AgNO3 / NH3. Khi t chy 7,4g X thy th tch CO2 thu c vt qu 4,7lt ( iu kin tiu chun). Xc nh cng thc cu to ca X: A. CH3COOCH3 B. HCOOCH3 C. HCOOC2H5 D. HCOOH Bi 2: t chy hon ton mt lng hn hp hai este n chc no, mch h cn 3,976 lt oxi (o diu kin tiu chun) thu c 6,38 g CO2. Cho lng este ny tc dng va vi KOH thu c hn hp hai ru k tip v 3,92 g mui ca mt axit hu c. Cng thc cu to ca hai cht hu c trong hn hp u l: A. HCOOCH3 v C2H5COOCH3 C. CH3COOCH3 V CH3COOC2H5 B. CH3COOC2H5 v C3H7OH D. CH3COOCH3 V CH3COOC2H5

Bi 3: t chy 1,7 gam este X cn 2,52 lt oxi (ktc), ch sinh ra CO2 v H2O vi t l s mol nCO2 : nH2O = 2. un nng 0,01 mol X vi dung dch NaOH thy 0,02 mol NaOH tham gia phn ng. X khng c chc ete, khng phn ng vi Na trong iu kin bnh thng v khng kh c AgNO3, trong amoniac ngay c khi un nng. Bit Mx < 140 vC. Hy xc nh cng thc cu to ca X? A. HCOOC6H5 B. CH3COOC6H5 C. C2H5COOC6H5 D. C2H3COOC6H5 Bi 4 : t chy a gam mt este sau phn ng thu c 9,408 lt CO2 v 7,56g H2O, th tch oxi cn dng l 11,76 lt (th tch cc kh o ktc). Bit este ny do mt axit n chc v ru n chc to nn. Cho Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit

Ti liu kha hc: Phng php gii nhanh ha hc

bit cng thc phn t ca este: A.C4H8O2 B. C3H6O2 C. C2H4O2 D. C5H10O2 Bi 5: Mt este n chc X (cha C, H, O v khng c nhm chc khc). T khi hi ca X i vi oxi bng 3,125. Cho bit cng thc cu to ca X trong trng hp sau y: Cho 20 gam X tc dng vi 300ml dung dch NaOH 1M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 23,2 gam b rn. A. CH3COOCH3 B. CH3COOCH=CH2 C. C2H5COOCH=CH2 D. HCOOCH=CH2 Bi 6: X l hn hp hai este ng phn c to thnh t mt ru n chc, mch cacbon khng phn nhnh vi axit n chc. T khi hi ca X so vi hiro bng 44. Cng thc phn t ca X l: A. C3H6O2 B. C4H8O2 C. C5H10O2 D. C6H12O2 Bi 7: Mt este n chc, mch h c khi lng l 12,9 gam tc dng vi 150ml dung dch KOH 1 M. Sau phn ng thu mt mui v anehit. CTCT ca este l: A. HCOOCH=CH-CH3 B. CH3COOHCH=CH2 C. C2H5COOCH=CH2 D. HCOOH=CH-CH3 v CH3COOHCOOH=CH2 Bi 8: X l este ca mt axit hu c n chc v ru n chc. thy phn hon ton 6,6 gam cht X ngi ta dng 34,10 ml dung dch - NaOH 10% c d = 1,1 gam/ml (lng NaOH ny d 2% so vi lng NaOH cn dng cho phn ng). Cho bit cng thc cu to ca cht X? A. CH3COOCH3 B. HCOOC3H7 C. CH3COO C2H5 D. C hai cu B v C u ng Bi 9:Hai cht hu c X v Y u n chc l ng phn ca nhau. t chy hon ton 5,8 gam hn hp X v Y cn 8,96 lt oxi (ktc) thu c kh CO2 v hi nc theo t l VCO2 : Vhi H2O = 1 : 1 (o cng iu kin). Cng thc n gin ca X v Y l: A. C2H4O B. C3H6O C. C4H8O D. C5H10O Bi 10: Hn hp Y gm hai este n chc mch h l ng phn ca nhau. Cho m gam hn hp Y tc dng va vi 100ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M, thu c mt mui ca mt axit cacboxylic v hn hp hai ru. Mt khc t chy hon ton m gam hn hp Y cn dng 5,6 lt O2 v thu c 4,48 lt CO2 (cc th tch kh o iu kin tiu chun). Cng thc cu to ca 2 este trong hn hp Y l: A.CH3COOCH3 v HCOOC2H5 C.CH3COOCH3 v CH3COOC2H5 B.C2H5COOCH3 v HCOOC3H D.HCOO-CH(CH3)CH3

Bi 11: thi i hc khi A -2007:X phng ha 8,8 gam etyl axetat bng 200 ml dung dch NaOH Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit

Ti liu kha hc: Phng php gii nhanh ha hc

0,2M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c cht rn khan c khi lng l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16, Na = 23) A.3,28 gam. B. 8,56 gam. C. 8,2 gam. D. 10,4 gam Bi 12: thi i hc khi 2007: Hai este n chc X v Y l ng phn ca nhau. Khi ho hi 1,85 gam X, thu c th tch hi ng bng th tch ca 0,7 gam N2 (o cng iu kin). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X v Y l (cho H = 1, C = 12, N = 14, O = 16) A. HCOOCH2CH2CH3 v CH3COOC2H5. C. C2H3COOC2H5 v C2H5COOC2H3. B. C2H5COOCH3 v HCOOCH(CH3)2. D. HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3

Bi 12: thi cao ng 2007: un 12 gam axit axetic vi 13,8 gam etanol (c H2SO4 c lm xc tc) n khi phn ng t ti trng thi cn bng, thu c 11 gam este. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ho l (Cho H = 1; C = 12; O = 16) A. 75%. B. 55%. C. 62,5%. D. 50% Bi 13: thi cao ng 2007: Khi t chy hon ton 4,4 gam cht hu c X n chc thu c sn phm chy ch gm4,48 lt CO2 ( ktc) v 3,6 gam nc. Nu cho 4,4 gam hp cht X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH va n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 4,8 gam mui ca axit hu c Y v cht hu c Z. Tn ca X l (Cho H = 1; C = 12; O =16; Na = 23) A. metyl propionat. B. isopropyl axetat. C. etyl propionat. D. etyl axetat. Bi 14: thi i hc khi B 2008: Khi t chy hon ton mt este no, n chc th s mol CO2 sinh ra bng s mol O2 phn ng. Tn gi ca este l A. n-propyl axetat. B. metyl axetat. C. etyl axetat. D. metyl fomiat Bi 15: thi cao ng 2008:Este n chc X c t khi hi so vi CH4 l 6,25. Cho 20 gam X tc dng vi 300 ml dung dch KOH 1M (un nng). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 28 gam cht rn khan. Cng thc cu to ca X l A. CH3-CH2-COO-CH=CH2. C. CH3 -COO-CH=CH-CH3. B. CH2=CH-CH2-COO-CH3. D. CH2=CH-COO-CH2-CH3.

Bi 16: thi cao ng 2008: X phng ho hon ton 22,2 gam hn hp gm hai este HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3 bng dung dch NaOH 1M (un nng). Th tch dung dch NaOH ti thiu cn dng l A. 300 ml. B. 200 ml. C. 400 ml. D. 150 ml

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Ti liu kha hc: Phng php gii nhanh ha hc

Bi 17: thi cao ng 2008: un nng 6,0 gam CH3COOH vi 6,0 gam C2H5OH (c H2SO4 lm xc tc, hiu sut phn ng este ho bng 50%). Khi lng este to thnh l A. 4,4 gam. B. 6,0 gam. C. 5,2 gam. D. 8,8 gam.

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