Annotated Bibliography Primary Sources: Apple Inc. "Apple Inc. - Frequently Asked Questions." Apple.com. Apple Incorporated. 02 Feb.

2012 <http://investor.apple.com/faq.cfm?FaqSetID=6>. I consider this to be an important primary source because it comes straight from Apple Headquarters. This webpage clearly shows Apples revolutionary status in its mission statement: Apple designs Macs, the best personal computers in the world, along with OS X, iLife, iWork and professional software. Apple leads the digital music revolution with its iPods and iTunes online store. Apple has reinvented the mobile phone with its revolutionary iPhone and App Store, and has recently introduced iPad 2 which is defining the future of mobile media and computing devices. Using Apples own description, Apple considers itself a key member of the technological revolution past, present, and future. Isaacson, Walter. Steve Jobs. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2011. Kawamoto, Dawn. "Microsoft to invest $150 million in Apple." CNET.com. 6 Aug. 1997. CNET News. 02 Feb. 2012 <http://news.cnet.com/2100-1001-202143.html>. This online article was very beneficial for me because it described the 1997 Microsoft-Apple investment in great detail. This investment came at the perfect time for Apple. When Apple was nearing bankruptcy during the 90s, Microsoft invested $150 million in Apple to help keep their main competitor afloat. This investment was revolutionary because it showed the mutual partnership between the two companies that make up about 99% of the personal computing industry. The reform of this deal had a great impact on Apple as a company and is still relevant today. Apple gained Microsoft Office support for their Macintosh computers, a feature still present on the newest models of Macintosh computers, and the Internet Explorer web browser, as well as many other reimbursements including the financial investment. The reaction on this investment was very controversial, as some Apple users and investors saw it as the foreshadowing of a collapse for the company. Also, members of the press saw it as a sell-out by Apple and disapproved the involvement with Apples rival company Microsoft. The opposing side believes that without this investment, Apple would not have made it into the 21st century. Now in 2012, with Apple Incorporated as the most valuable personal computer industry in the world, Apple seems to have quieted the doubters and instead have them looking toward the future.

Raskin, Jef. "Jef Raskin about the history of the Macintosh." Letter to Matthew Xavier Mora. 1996. Matthew Xavier Mora's Home Page. 1996. Matthew Mora. 02 Feb. 2012 <http://mxmora.best.vwh.net/JefRaskin.html>.

Raskin, Jef. "Recollections of the Macintosh project." Letter to Matthew Xavier Mora. 1996. Matthew Xavier Mora's Home Page. 1996. Matthew Mora. 02 Feb. 2012 <http://mxmora.best.vwh.net/JefRaskin.html>. This e-mail was very beneficial to me in my research because it gave a first-hand account of the rivalry between Apple and Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) in the late 1970s, when each company was competing to create a more user-friendly interface. The composer of this e-mail, Jef Raskin, is a former Apple employee who met Jobs and Wozniak in their garage in 1976, two years prior to being employed under them. Raskin was most notable for his involvement in the Macintosh Project work in developing the user-friendly click and drag interface that Apple still utilizes to this day. I used this e-mail document as a behind-the-scenes look at the revolution of Apple Inc. right before Apple became a household name for computer enthusiasts and everyday citizens alike.

TIME Staff. "Steve's Two Jobs." TIME.com. 18 Oct. 1999. TIME Inc. 02 Feb. 2012 <http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2053869,00.html>. Wozniak, Stephen. "Homebrew And How The Apple Came To Be." Digital Deli. Ed. Steve Ditlea. 1984. AtariArchives.org. 1984. 02 Feb. 2012 <http://www.atariarchives.org/deli/homebrew_and_how_the_apple.php>. This first-hand account from one of Apples founders, Steve Wozniak, provided me with a greatly detailed recollection of the Homebrew Computer Club in Silicon Valley, California and how the relatively small meetings of computer enthusiasts produced the Apple I and launched Apple Computers. Wozniak, along with Steve Jobs would attend the meetings of this small computer based club, where individuals or small groups would share prototypes and ideas they had acquired from their own experiences with computer developing. Wozniak depicts the Apple I, a prime example of a homebrew project with its rugged appearance and small processor. The Apple I was Wozniaks best work he had ever done, and it soon caught the attention of the club. When Jobs noticed the interest of his peers, he decided to involve his creative side with the development of a new project, the Apple II. With its expertly crafted and unintimidating appearance designed by Jobs, and Wozniaks expert work on the circuit board, the Apple II became the highlight of the Homebrew Computer Club. The Apple II would become the machine that launched Apple Computers, as well as the entire idea of personal computers. This little-known meeting of computer enthusiasts proved to be revolutionary, and soon the reaction of the media towards the Apple II became overwhelmingly positive. There is no question that

without the Homebrew Computer Club, the world would have been deprived of the machine that reformed the way people looked at personal computing, the Apple II.

http://www.mackido.com/Interface/ui_horn1.html
make bibs for each article on this website.

Secondary Sources: "The Apple Museum - History." The Apple Museum. The Apple Museum, 2004. Web. 07 Jan. 2012. <http://www.theapplemuseum.com/index.php?id=1>. Apple Think Different - Steve Jobs Narrated Version. Perf. Steve Jobs; Iconic 20th Century Personalities. Youtube.com. Google, 6 Oct. 2011. Web. 8 Jan. 2012. <www.youtube.com/watch?v=GEPhLqwKo6g>. Block, Ryan. 30 Years in Apple Products: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly. Engadget. AOL Tech, 1 Apr. 2006. Web. 8 Jan. 2012. <http://www.engadget.com/2006/04/01/30-years-in-apple-products-the-good-the-bad -and-the-ugly/>. Corliss, Richard. "Pixar's Magic." Steve Jobs: The Genius Who Changed Our World 2011: 36-41. Print. Esslinger, Hartmut. Apple MacIntosh (1984). Digital image. Designs That Never Get Old. Business Week. Web. 8 Jan. 2012. <http://images.businessweek.com/ss/06/05/phaidon/source/10.htm>. Fry, Stephen. "Apple iPad Launch: Will Steve Jobs Do It Again?" TIME.com. TIME Inc., 1 Apr. 2010. Web. 09 Jan. 2012. <http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1977113,00.html>. Gartner. Mac Market Share in the U.S. Digital image. Gigaom.com. Gartner, 14 Oct. 2010. Web. 8 Jan. 2012. <http://gigaom.com/apple/mac-market-share-surges-in-u-s/>. Gladwell, Malcolm. "Creation Myth: Xerox PARC, Apple, and the Truth About Innovation." Xerox PARC, Apple, and the Creation of the Mouse. The New Yorker, 16 May 2011. Web. 8 Jan. 2012. <http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2011/05/16/110516fa_fact_gladwell?current Page=all>. Grossman, Lev. "How Apple Does It." TIME Magazine 16 Oct. 2005. TIME.com. TIME Magazine, 16 Oct. 2005. Web. 8 Jan. 2012. <http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1118384-1,00.html>. Grossman, Lev. "The Real Genius Of Steve Jobs." Steve Jobs: The Genius Who Changed Our World 2011: 18-23. Print. Kahney, Leander. "How Apple Got Everything Right By Doing Everything Wrong." Wired Magazine. Wired, 18 Mar. 2008. Web. 8 Jan. 2012. <http://www.wired.com/techbiz/it/magazine/16-04/bz_apple?currentPage=all>.

Kluger, Jeffrey. "Beauty and the Bytes." Steve Jobs: The Genius Who Changed Our World 2011: 30-35. Print.

Lashinsky, Sr., Adam. "How Apple Works: Inside The World's Biggest Startup." Fortune Magazine 23 May 2011. CNN.com. Cable News Network, 25 Aug. 2011. Web. 8 Jan. worlds-biggest-startup/>. McCracken, Harry. "The Mouse That Roared." Steve Jobs: The Genius Who Changed Our World 2011: 24-29. Print.

Mesa, Andy F. "Apple History Timeline." The Apple Museum. 1998. Web. 11 Jan. 2012. <http://applemuseum.bott.org/sections/history.html>. An organized sequence of events from the early history of Apple, Inc., was provided in this online timeline. I used this source to direct my research into different subtopics of the history of Apple, Inc. Since I already had a large understanding of Apple's recent history, this source was extremely beneficial to me because it helped me further understand Apple's earlier history, dating back to the 1960s. Quittner, Josh. "Apple's New Core." Comp. Rebecca Winters. TIME Magazine 14 Jan. 2002. TIME.com. TIME Inc., 14 Jan. 2002. Web. 9 Jan. 2012. <http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1001600,00.html>.

Stengel, Richard. "Steve Jobs Engineered His Dreams -- And Ours." Foreword. Steve Jobs: The Genius Who Changed Our World. New York, NY: Time Home Entertainment, 2011. 6. Print.

"Top 10 Apple Moments - TIME." TIME.com. TIME Magazine, 2011. Web. 8 Jan. 2012. <http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1873486_1873491_187 3530,00.html>.

http://www.ipadinschools.com/

http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-01-18/apple-said-to-plan-textbook-push-to-bolster-ipaduse-in-schools.html http://www.sacbee.com/2012/01/18/4196697/education-company-tutapointcom.html http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/02/us-apple-timeline-idUSTRE72170T20110302

http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/apple-ibooks-2-sets-sites-on-electronic-textbooks/2012/01/19/gIQAwx7c BQ_video.html http://www.apple.com/hotnews/thoughts-on-flash/ http://www.apple.com/education/profiles/punahou/#video-punahou http://www.apple.com/education/profiles/ohio-state/#video-ohiostate

http://www.engadget.com/2007/01/09/live-from-macworld-2007-steve-jobs-keynote/ Woz is living his own life now. He hasn't been around Apple for about five years. But what he did will go down in history. - Steve Jobs about Woz

Photo Credits:
Apple I Computer - http://www.blogcdn.com/www.engadget.com/media/2006/04/apple-I.jpg Apple I Display - http://apple2history.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/apple1display.gif Apple II Computer - http://www.old-computers.com/museum/photos/apple_II.jpg Apple II Display - http://toastytech.com/about/myapdesk2.png iPhone - http://resources.infosecinstitute.com/iphone-security-10-tips-and-settings/