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Drinking Water Contaminants Drinking Water Contaminants US EPA

h :// a e .e a.g /d i /c a i a /i de .cf

Water: Drinking Water Contaminants

Y a e he e: Wa e Di i g Wa e Di i g Wa e C a i a

Drinking Water Contaminants

National Primar Drinking Water Regulations
On this Page Na i a P i a DW Reg a i Li f DW C a i a & MCL Na i a Sec da DW Reg Li f Sec da DW Reg a i U eg a ed C a i a

Na i a P i a D i i g Wa e Reg a i (NPDWR i a a da d ) a e ega e f ceab e a da d ha a b ic a e e .P i a a da d ec b ic hea h b i i i g he e e fc a i a i d i i g a e . Vi i he i c a i a ih i f e de ai .

f eg a ed

Li fC a i a & hei Ma i C a i a Le e (MCL ) Reg a i De e e EPA' Reg a ed C a i a Ti e i e (PDF) (1 , 86 K ) (Ab PDF) Na i a P i a D i i g Wa e Reg a i - The c e e eg a i ega di g he e c a i a a ai ib e f he C de f Fede a Reg a i Web i e

List of Contaminants & their MCLs

A a habe ica i i g ih i fac hee he i a di i g a e eg a i .

Inform ation on this section A habe ica Li (PDF) (6 , 924 K) (Ab PDF) EPA 816-F-09-0004, Ma 2009

Mic ga i Di i fec a Di i fec i B d c I ga ic Che ica O ga ic Che ica Radi c ide

Microorganisms Contaminant MCLG MCL or Potential Health Effects from Long-Term E posure Above the MCL (unless 2 1 (mg/L) TT specified as short-term) 2 (mg/L) e TT
3 1

Sources of Contaminant in Drinking Water

Cr ptosporidium

Ga

i e i a i

(e.g., dia hea,

i i g, c a

a a d a i a feca a e

Giardia lamb lia

TT

Ga

i e i a i

(e.g., dia hea,

i i g, c a

a a d a i a feca a e

He e aec

hic

/a

TT

HPC ha hea h effec ; i i a a a ic e h d ed ea e he a ie bac e ia ha a e c i a e . The e he c ce a i f bac e ia i d i i g a e , he be e ai ai ed he a e e i .

f HPC ea e a a ge f bac e ia ha a e a a e e i he e i e

Legionella

TT

Legi

ai e' Di ea e, a

e f

ia

d a a i ae ; i ie i hea i g e

T a C if (i c di g feca c if a d E. Coli)

5.0%

N a hea h h ea i i e f; i i 5 bac e ia a be e e

ed

i dica e

he he

he

e ia

ha

C if ae a a e e i he e i e ;a e a fece ; feca c if a d E. coli c ef h a a d a i a feca a e.

T bidi

/a

TT

T bidi i a ea e f he c di e f ae .I i ed i dica e a e a i a d fi a i effec i e e (e.g., he he di ea e-ca i g ga i ae e e ). Highe bidi e e a e f e a cia ed i h highe e e f

S i

ff

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Drinking Water Contaminants Drinking Water Contaminants US EPA

di ea e-ca ing mic oo gani m ch a e i e , pa a i e and ome ch a na ea, c amp , bac e ia. The e o gani m can ca dia hea, and a Vi e (en e ic) eo TT
3

mp om

ocia ed headache . (e.g., dia hea, omi ing, c amp ) H man and animal fecal a e

Ga

oin e inal illne

Disinfection B products Contaminant MCLG 2 (mg/L) eo

1

MCL or TT 2 (mg/L) 0.010

Potential Health Effects from Long-Term E posure Above the MCL Sources of Contaminant in (unless specified as short-term) Drinking Water Inc ea ed i k of cance B p od c of d inking di infec ion ae

B oma e

Chlo i e

0.8

1.0

Anemia; infan

& o ng child en: ne o

em effec

B p od c of d inking di infec ion

ae

Haloace ic acid (HAA5)

n/a

0.060

Inc ea ed i k of cance

B p od c of d inking di infec ion

ae

To al T ihalome hane (TTHM ) Disinfectants Contaminant

--> n/a

--> 0.080

Li e , kidne o cen al ne o cance

em p oblem ; inc ea ed i k of

B p od c of d inking di infec ion

ae

MCLG 2 (mg/L) MRDLG=4

1

MCL or TT 2 (mg/L)

Potential Health Effects from Long-Term E posure Above the MCL (unless specified as short-term) E e/no e i i a ion; omach di comfo , anemia

Sources of Contaminant in Drinking Water Wa e addi i e ed o con ol mic obe

Chlo amine (a Cl )
2

MRDL=4.0

Chlo ine (a Cl )
2

MRDLG=4

MRDL=4.0

E e/no e i i a ion;

omach di comfo

Wa e addi i e ed o con ol mic obe

Chlo ine dio ide (a ClO )

2

MRDLG=0.8

MRDL=0.8

Anemia; infan

& o ng child en: ne o

em effec

Wa e addi i e ed o con ol mic obe

Inorganic Chemicals Contaminant MCLG MCL or TT 2 2 (mg/L) (mg/L) 0.006 0.006

1 1

Potential Health Effects from Long-Term E posure Above the MCL (unless specified as short-term) Inc ea e in blood chole e ol; dec ea e in blood ga

Sources of Contaminant in Drinking Water Di cha ge f om pe ole m efine ie ; fi e e a dan ; ce amic ; elec onic ; olde

An imon

A enic

0.010 a of 01/23/06

Skin damage o p oblem i h ci c la o inc ea ed i k of ge ing cance

em , and ma ha e

E o ion of na al depo i ; noff f om o cha d , noff f om gla & elec onic p od c ion a e

A be o 7 (fibe >10 million mic ome e ) fibe pe li e Ba i m 2

7 MFL

Inc ea ed i k of de eloping benign in e inal pol p

Deca of a be o cemen in a e main ; e o ion of na al depo i

Inc ea e in blood p e

Di cha ge of d illing a e ; di cha ge f om me al efine ie ; e o ion of na al depo i

Be lli m

0.004

0.004

In e inal le ion

Di cha ge f om me al efine ie and coal-b ning fac o ie ; di cha ge f om elec ical, ae o pace, and defen e

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Drinking Water Contaminants Drinking Water Contaminants US EPA

ind Cadmi m 0.005 0.005 Kidne damage ie

Co o ion of gal ani ed pipe ; e o ion of na al depo i ; di cha ge f om me al efine ie ; noff f om a e ba e ie and pain

Ch omi m ( o al)

0.1

0.1

Alle gic de ma i i

Di cha ge f om eel and p lp mill ; e o ion of na al depo i

Coppe

1.3

TT ; Ac ion Le el=1.3

Sho

e m e po

e: Ga

oin e inal di

Co o ion of ho ehold pl mbing em ; e o ion of na al depo i

Long e m e po

e: Li e o kidne damage

People i h Wil on' Di ea e ho ld con l hei pe onal doc o if he amo n of coppe in hei a e e ceed he ac ion le el

C anide (a f ee c anide)

0.2

0.2

Ne e damage o h oid p oblem

Di cha ge f om eel/me al fac o ie ; di cha ge f om pla ic and fe ili e fac o ie

Fl o ide

4.0

4.0

Bone di ea e (pain and ende ne ge mo led ee h

of he bone ); Child en ma

Wa e addi i e hich p omo e ong ee h; e o ion of na al depo i ; di cha ge f om fe ili e and al min m fac o ie

Lead

eo

TT ; Ac ion Infan and child en: Dela in ph ical o men al de elopmen ; Le el=0.015 child en co ld ho ligh defici in a en ion pan and lea ning abili ie Ad l : Kidne p oblem ; high blood p e e

Co o ion of ho ehold pl mbing em ; e o ion of na al depo i

Me c (ino ganic)

0.002

0.002

Kidne damage

E o ion of na al depo i ; di cha ge f om efine ie and fac o ie ; noff f om landfill and c opland

Ni a e (mea ed a Ni ogen)

10

10

Infan belo he age of i mon h ho d ink a e con aining ni a e in e ce of he MCL co ld become e io l ill and, if n ea ed, ma die. S mp om incl de ho ne of b ea h and bl e-bab nd ome.

R noff f om fe ili e e; leaking f om ep ic ank , e age; e o ion of na al depo i

Ni i e (mea ed a Ni ogen)

Infan belo he age of i mon h ho d ink a e con aining ni i e in e ce of he MCL co ld become e io l ill and, if n ea ed, ma die. S mp om incl de ho ne of b ea h and bl e-bab nd ome.

R noff f om fe ili e e; leaking f om ep ic ank , e age; e o ion of na al depo i

Seleni m

0.05

0.05

Hai o finge nail lo p oblem

; n mbne

in finge

o oe ; ci c la o

Di cha ge f om pe ole m efine ie ; e o ion of na al depo i ; di cha ge f om mine

Thalli m

0.0005

0.002

Hai lo

; change in blood; kidne , in e ine, o li e p oblem

Leaching f om o e-p oce ing i e ; di cha ge f om elec onic , gla , and d g fac o ie

Organic Chemicals Contaminant MCLG MCL or TT 2 2 (mg/L) (mg/L)

1 1

Potential Health Effects from Long-Term E posure Above the MCL (unless specified as short-term)

Sources of Contaminant in Drinking Water

Ac lamide

eo

TT

Ne o cance

em o blood p oblem ; inc ea ed i k of

Added o a e d ing e age/ a e a e ea men

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Drinking Water Contaminants Drinking Water Contaminants US EPA

Alachlor

ero

0.002

E e, liver, kidne or spleen problems; anemia; increased risk of cancer

Runoff from herbicide used on row crops

Atra ine

0.003

0.003

Cardiovascular s stem or reproductive problems

Runoff from herbicide used on row crops

Ben ene

ero

0.005

Anemia; decrease in blood platelets; increased risk of cancer

Discharge from factories; leaching from gas storage tanks and landfills

Ben o(a)p rene (PAHs)

ero

0.0002

Reproductive difficulties; increased risk of cancer

Leaching from linings of water storage tanks and distribution lines

Carbofuran

0.04

0.04

Problems with blood, nervous s stem, or reproductive Leaching of soil fumigant used on rice s stem and alfalfa

Carbon tetrachloride

ero

0.005

Liver problems; increased risk of cancer

Discharge from chemical plants and other industrial activities

Chlordane

ero

0.002

Liver or nervous s stem problems; increased risk of cancer

Residue of banned termiticide

Chloroben ene

0.1

0.1

Liver or kidne problems

Discharge from chemical and agricultural chemical factories

2,4-D

0.07

0.07

Kidne , liver, or adrenal gland problems

Runoff from herbicide used on row crops

Dalapon

0.2

0.2

Minor kidne changes

Runoff from herbicide used on rights of wa

1,2-Dibromo-3chloropropane (DBCP)

ero

0.0002

Reproductive difficulties; increased risk of cancer

Runoff/leaching from soil fumigant used on so beans, cotton, pineapples, and orchards

o-Dichloroben ene

0.6

0.6

Liver, kidne , or circulator s stem problems

Discharge from industrial chemical factories

p-Dichloroben ene

0.075

0.075

Anemia; liver, kidne or spleen damage; changes in blood

Discharge from industrial chemical factories

1,2-Dichloroethane

ero

0.005

Increased risk of cancer

Discharge from industrial chemical factories

1,1-Dichloroeth lene

0.007

0.007

Liver problems

Discharge from industrial chemical factories

cis-1,2-Dichloroeth lene

0.07

0.07

Liver problems

Discharge from industrial chemical factories

trans-1,2-Dichloroeth lene

0.1

0.1

Liver problems

Discharge from industrial chemical factories

Dichloromethane

ero

0.005

Liver problems; increased risk of cancer

Discharge from drug and chemical factories

1,2-Dichloropropane

ero

0.005

Increased risk of cancer

Discharge from industrial chemical factories

water.epa.gov/drink/contaminants/index.cfm#List

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Drinking Water Contaminants Drinking Water Contaminants US EPA

Di(2-e h he

) adi a e

0.4

0.4

Weigh , i e diffic ie .

be

ib e e

d ci e

Di cha ge f

che ica fac

ie

Di(2-e h he

) h ha a e

0.006

Re i

d c i e diffic f ca ce

ie ; i e

be

; i c ea ed

Di cha ge f fac ie

bbe a d che ica

Di

eb

0.007

0.007

Re

d c i e diffic

ie

ff f bea

he bicide ed a d ege ab e

Di

i (2,3,7,8-TCDD)

0.00000003 Re

d c i e diffic

ie ; i c ea ed i

f ca ce

E i i f a e i ci e a i a d he c b i ; di cha ge f che ica fac ie

Di

0.02

0.02

Ca a ac

ff f

he bicide

E d ha

0.1

0.1

ach a d i e i a

be

ff f

he bicide

E di

0.002

0.002
8

Li e

be

Re id e f ba

ed i

ec icide

E ich

h di

TT

I c ea ed ca ce i ach be

,a d

e a

g e i d f i e,

Di cha ge f i d fac ie ; a i i ea e che ica

ia che ica f e ae

E h be

e e

0.7

0.7

Li e

id e

be

Di cha ge f

efi e ie

E h e e dib

ide

0.00005

P be ih i e, id e ; i c ea ed i

ach, e f ca ce

d ci e

e ,

Di cha ge f

efi e ie

ae

0.7

0.7

Kid e

be

; e

d c i e diffic

ie

ff f

he bicide

He ach

0.0004

Li e da age; i c ea ed i

f ca ce

Re id e f ba

ed e

i icide

He ach

ide

0.0002

Li e da age; i c ea ed i

f ca ce

B ea d

f he ach

He ach

be

e e

0.001

Li e id e i c ea ed i

be ; e f ca ce

d c i e diffic

ie ;

Di cha ge f e a efi e ie a d ag ic a che ica fac ie

He ach

c c

e adie e 0.05

0.05

Kid e

ach

be

Di cha ge f

che ica fac

ie

Li da e

0.0002

0.0002

Li e

id e

be

ff/ eachi g f i ec icide ca e, be , ga de

ed

Me h

ch

0.04

0.04

Re

d c i e diffic

ie

ff/ eachi g f i ec icide f i , ege ab e , a fa fa, i e

ed c

Oa

(V da e)

0.2

0.2

S igh

effec

R a

ff/ eachi g f i ec icide ed e , a e ,a d a e

P ch i a ed bi he (PCB )

0.0005

S i cha ge ; h ga d be deficie cie ; e d ci e e diffic ie ; i c ea ed i f ca ce

;i e

ff f a dfi a e che ica

; di cha ge f

Pe ach

he

0.001

Li e

id e

be

; i c ea ed ca ce i

Di cha ge f fac ie

e e i g

Pic

0.5

0.5

Li e

be

He bicide

ff

water.epa.gov/drink/contaminants/index.cfm#List

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Drinking Water Contaminants Drinking Water Contaminants US EPA

Sima ine

0.004

0.004

P oblem

i h blood

He bicide

noff

S ene

0.1

0.1

Li e , kidne , o ci c la o

em p oblem

Di cha ge f om bbe and pla ic fac o ie ; leaching f om landfill

Te achlo oe h lene

eo

0.005

Li e p oblem ; inc ea ed i k of cance

Di cha ge f om fac o ie and d cleane

Tol ene

Ne o

em, kidne , o li e p oblem

Di cha ge f om pe ole m fac o ie

To aphene

eo

0.003

Kidne , li e , o h oid p oblem ; inc ea ed i k of cance

R noff/leaching f om in ec icide on co on and ca le

ed

2,4,5-TP (Sil e )

0.05

0.05

Li e p oblem

Re id e of banned he bicide

1,2,4-T ichlo oben ene

0.07

0.07

Change in ad enal gland

Di cha ge f om e ile fini hing fac o ie

1,1,1-T ichlo oe hane

0.20

0.2

Li e , ne o

em, o ci c la o

p oblem

Di cha ge f om me al deg ea ing i e and o he fac o ie

1,1,2-T ichlo oe hane

0.003

0.005

Li e , kidne , o imm ne

em p oblem

Di cha ge f om ind fac o ie

ial chemical

T ichlo oe h lene

eo

0.005

Li e p oblem ; inc ea ed i k of cance

Di cha ge f om me al deg ea ing i e and o he fac o ie

Vin l chlo ide

eo

0.002

Inc ea ed i k of cance

Leaching f om PVC pipe ; di cha ge f om pla ic fac o ie

X lene ( o al)

10

10

Ne o

em damage

Di cha ge f om pe ole m fac o ie ; di cha ge f om chemical fac o ie

Radionuclides Contaminant MCLG MCL or TT 2 2 (mg/L) (mg/L)

7 1 1

Potential Health Effects from Long-Term E posure Above the MCL (unless specified as short-term) Inc ea ed i k of cance

Sources of Contaminant in Drinking Water

Alpha pa icle

none --------eo
7

15 picoc ie pe Li e (pCi/L) 4 milli em pe ea

E o ion of na al depo i of ce ain mine al ha a e adioac i e and ma emi a fo m of adia ion kno n a alpha adia ion

Be a pa icle and pho on emi e

none --------eo

Inc ea ed i k of cance

Deca of na

al and man-made depo i

of

ce ain mine al ha a e adioac i e and ma emi fo m of adia ion kno n a pho on and be a adia ion

Radi m 226 and Radi m 228 (combined) U ani m

none --------eo eo

5 pCi/L

Inc ea ed i k of cance

E o ion of na

al depo i

30 g/L a of 12/08/03

Inc ea ed i k of cance , kidne o ici

E o ion of na

al depo i

Notes
1

Defini ion : Ma im m Con aminan Le el Goal (MCLG) - The le el of a con aminan in d inking a e belo hich he e i no kno n o e pec ed i k o heal h. MCLG allo fo a ma gin of afe and a e non-enfo ceable p blic heal h goal . Ma im m Con aminan Le el (MCL) - The highe le el of a

water.epa.gov/drink/contaminants/index.cfm#List

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c c a i a i c ha i a ide a i

Drinking Water Contaminants Drinking Water Contaminants US EPA

ed i d i i g a e . MCL a e e a c a da d . Ma i e MCLG a fea ib e Re id a Di i fec a i g he be a ai ab e ea e ech fad i g a d a i g i g ae . MCL a e e f ceab e Le e G a (MRDLG) - The e e

di i fec a be hich he e i e ec ed i hea h. MRDLG d ef ec he be efi f he e f di i fec a c ic bia c a i a . (TT) T ea e Tech i e - A e i ed ce i e ded ed ce he e e f a c a i a i d i i g a e . Ma i Re id a Di i fec a Le e (MRDL) - The highe e e f a di i fec a a ed i d i i g a e . The e i c i ci g e ide ce ha addi i fa di i fec a i ece a f c f ic bia c a i a .
2 3

U i

a ei

i ig a

e i e ( g/L)

he

i e

ed. Mi ig a ae

e ie a ee g d ha he f

i ae

i i

. ae (1) di i fec i g e e :

EPA' face a e ea e e hei a e , a d (2) fi e hei a e

e ie e ee c i e ia f

i g face idi g fi a i

ae de he di ec i f e ce f face i gc a i a a ec ed a he f

C idi : U fi e ed e a e e i ed i c de C idi i hei e i i g a e hed c i i . Gia dia a b ia: 99.9% e a /i ac i a i Vi e : 99.99% e a /i ac i a i Legi e a: N i i , b EPA b e ie e ha if Gia dia a d i e ae e ed/i ac i a ed, acc di g he ea e ech i e i he S face Wa e T ea e R e, Legi e a i a be c ed. T bidi : F e ha ec e i a di ec fi a i , a i e ca bidi (c di e f a e ) g highe ha 1 e he e ic bidi i NTU), a d a e f bidi be e ha e a 0.3 NTU i a ea 95 e ce f he a e i a h. S e ha e fi a i he ha he c e i a di ec fi a i f a e i i , hich i c de bidi a i e e ceedi g 5 NTU. HPC: N e ha 500 bac e ia c ie e i iie. L g Te 1 E ha ced S face Wa e T ea e : S face a e e (GWUDI) e e i g fe e ha 10,000 e e c i h he a icab e L g Te 1 E ha ced S face Wa e T ea e R e i i (e.g. bidi a da d , i di id a fi e i i g, C idi e a e i e e , da ed a e hed c e ie e f fi e ed e ). L g Te 2 E ha ced S face Wa e T ea e R e Thi e a ie a face a e e g d ae e de he di ec i f e ce f face a e . The e a ge addi i a C idi ea e e i e e f highe i e a d i c de i i ed ce i f c e ed fi i hed a e age faci i ie a d e e ha he e ai ai ic b ia ec i a he a e e ed ce he f ai f di i fec i b d c . Fi e Bac a h Rec c i g; The Fi e Bac a h Rec c i g R e e i e e ha ec c e e ecific ec c e f h gh a ce e f he e ' e i i gc e i a di ec fi a i e a a a e a e ca i a ed b he a e.
4

N ha c

e ha 5.0% a e a c if ii ei a h. (F ae e e a e ca b e a c if ii e e h.) E e a e ha ha ec i e TCii e a e ,a d ei a i i e f E.c i feca c if

ha c ec fe e ha 40 i e a e e h, a c if b e a a ed f ei he feca c if , e ha a ac e MCL i a i . a

e E. c i if

Feca c if a d E. c i a e bac e ia h e e e ce i dica e ha he a e a be c a i a ed i h h ca i g ic be ( a h ge ) i he e a e ca ca e dia hea, c a , a ea, headache , he ecia hea h i f i fa , g chi d e , a d e e i h e e e c i ed i e e .
6

a i a a e . Di ea e. The e a h ge a

ea

A h

gh he e i

ec i e MCLG f

hi c

a i a

, he e a e i di id a MCLG f

e f he i di id a c

a i a

T iha e ha e : b dich e ha e ( e ); b f ( e ); dib ch Ha ace ic acid : dich ace ic acid ( e ); ich ace ic acid (0.02 g/L); dib ace ic acid a e eg a ed i h hi g b ha e MCLG .
7

ch

e ha e (0.06 g/L): ch f ace ic acid (0.07 g/L). B

(0.07 g/L). ace ic acid a d

Lead a d c e a e eg a ed b a T ea e ae a e e ceed he ac i e e, ae Each ed ae ea e a e , he c

Tech i e

e ha e i e a e addi i a

e e

c .F c

he c i e e f hei a e . If e , he ac i e e i 1.3 g/L, a d f

e ha 10% f a ead i 0.015 g/L. h di ae

ce if , i i i g, he a e ( i g hi d- a a fac e ' ce ifica i ) ha he ac a ide a d e ich bi a i ( d c) fd ea d e e e d e e ceed he e e ecified, a f :

Ac a ide = 0.05% d ed a 1 g/L ( e i a e ) E ich h d i = 0.01% d ed a 20 g/L ( e i a e )

National Secondar Drinking Water Regulations

Na i a Sec da D i i g Wa e Reg a i (NSDWR ca e c e ic effec ( ch a i h di c ai ) ec da a da d ae e b d e e ie a da d . ec da a da d ) a e -e f ceab e g ide i e eg a i g c a i a ha ae he ic effec ( ch a a e, d , c ) i d i i g a e . EPA ec e d e c .H e e , ae a ch e ad he a e f ceab e a

Na i a Sec da D i i g Wa e Reg a i - The c e e eg a i ega di g he e c a i a Reg a i Web Si e. F ei f a i , ead Sec da D i i g Wa e Reg a i : G ida ce f N i a ce Che ica . List of National Secondar Drinking Water Regulations Contaminant Secondar Standard

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water.epa.gov/drink/contaminants/index.cfm#List

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Aluminum Chloride Color Copper Corrosivit Fluoride Foaming Agents Iron Manganese Odor pH Silver Sulfate Total Dissolved Solids Zinc

Drinking Water Contaminants Drinking Water Contaminants US EPA

0.05 to 0.2 mg/L 250 mg/L 15 (color units) 1.0 mg/L noncorrosive 2.0 mg/L 0.5 mg/L 0.3 mg/L 0.05 mg/L 3 threshold odor number 6.5-8.5 0.10 mg/L 250 mg/L 500 mg/L 5 mg/L

Un eg la ed Con aminan
This list of contaminants which, at the time of publication, are not subject to an proposed or promulgated national primar drinking water regulation (NPDWR), are known or anticipated to occur in public water s stems, and ma require regulations under SDWA. For more information check out the list, or vist the Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate List (CCL) web site. Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate List 2 Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate List (CCL) Web Site Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Program (UCM) Info ma ion on pecific n eg la ed con aminan MTBE (meth l-t-but l ether) in drinking water

Last updated on Monda , Januar 30, 2012

water.epa.gov/drink/contaminants/index.cfm#List

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