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STATCOM or STATCON
A static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), also known as a "static synchronous condenser" ("STATCON"), is a regulating device used on AC electricity transmission networks. It is based on a power electronics voltage-source converter and can act as either a source or sink of reactive AC Power to an electricity network. If connected to a source of power it can also provide active AC power. It is a member of the FACTS family of devices. A STATCOM is a voltage source converter (VSC)-based device, with the voltage source behind a reactor. The voltage source is created from a DC Capacitor and therefore a STATCOM has very little active power capability. However, its active power capability can be increased if a suitable energy storage device is connected across the DC capacitor. The reactive power at the terminals of the STATCOM depends on the amplitude of the voltage source. For example, if the terminal voltage of the VSC is higher than the AC voltage at the point of connection, the STATCOM generates reactive current; on the other hand, when the amplitude of the voltage source is lower than the AC voltage, it absorbs reactive power. In very simplified terms, a STATCON (Static Condenser) consists of a dc capacitor shuntconnected to the ac network by means of high-speed electronic switches. Given a sufficient number of thyristor-bridges it is possible for a converter to synthesize a controlled ac voltage with acceptable harmonic content behind the converter transformer reactance
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STATCOM or STATCON
For pure reactive control, this ac voltage is kept in phase with terminal voltage. Because ideally there is no net exchange of active power with the network, the dc capacitor remains charged at the desired level. In practice, converters have losses that tend to discharge the capacitor. In order to replenish the capacitor charging, the synthesized voltage is controlled to slightly lag the terminal voltage, and thus maintain a small flow of active power between network and condenser. By this same mechanism capacitor voltage is controlled, which in turn determines the magnitude of the internal voltage and thus determines the reactive exchange with the network. STATCOM is a constant current source once it reaches its limit while the SVC is a constant impedance device when it reaches its limit. Thus, the reactive power output of the STATCOM is proportional to voltage when it reaches limit. The main objective of the STATCOM is the voltage control of the specified bus. The reactive power at the terminals of the STATCOM depends on the amplitude of the voltage source. For example, if the terminal voltage of the VSC is higher than the AC voltage at the point of connection, the STATCOM generates reactive current; on the other hand, when the amplitude of the voltage source is lower than the AC voltage, it absorbs reactive power.
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STATCOM or STATCON
The response time of a STATCOM is shorter than that of an SVC, mainly due to the fast switching times provided by the IGBTs of the voltage source converter. The STATCOM also provides better reactive power support at low AC voltages than an SVC, Since the reactive power from a STATCOM decreases linearly with the AC voltage (as the current can be maintained at the rated value even down to low AC voltage). The STATCOM also provides better reactive power support at low AC voltages than an SVC, Since the reactive power from a STATCOM decreases linearly with the AC voltage (as the current can be maintained at the rated value even down to low AC voltage).
STATCOM or STATCON
Calculating K
Where Eterm/Eint is the sensitivity of the terminal voltage to the internal voltage. This is calculated as follows
Zthev is evaluated from Short Circuit Studies and is inverse of the minimum expected P.U. short circuit value
Calculating K
For example lets consider a 550 MVA STATCOM at NKLP 132 kV Bus First we evaluate Zthev from the short circuit study
Considering typical values of Xt = 0.1, Eterm/Eint = 0.046217 And therefore K = 540 Thus the parameters for the STATCOM are 4144 'CSTATT' 1 0.20000 0.20000 0.20000 0.20000 540.00 0.30000E-01 1.2000 0.0000 2.0000 1.2500 0.20000 1.2000 0.10000 0.50000
End of Presentation