Ii.3. l 1.

l
y

i ni tr c ti i ni tr c ti

p/gin ti p v gin ti

p (direct /indirect speech) p (direct/ indirect speech)

Trong c u tr c ti p thng tin i th ng t ng i th nh t sang ng i th hai (ng i th nh t ni tr c ti p v i ng i th hai). Trong l i ni tr c ti p chng ta ghi l i chnh xc nh ng t , ng m ng i ni dng. l i ni tr c ti p ph i c t trong d u ngo c kp.

He said i bought a new motorbike for myself yesterday. i love you, she said.
y

Trong c u gin ti p, thng tin hai n ng i th ba. Khi c php.

i t ng i th nh t qua ng i th uc bi n i v m t ng

He said he had bought a new motorbike for himself the day before. 2. Quy t c chuy n t tr c ti p s ng gin ti p 2.1. Quy t c chuy n t l i ni tr c ti p s ng gin ti simple present > simple past Present progressive > past progressive Present perfect > past perfect simple past > past perfect Past progressive > past perfect progressive simple future > would + V Can/may/must > could /might/had to 2.2. c c chuy n i khc: i t nhn x ng: i > he/she We > they You > i/ we (tn ng v tnh t s h u chuy n theo nhn x ng ch ng ) Tr ng t ch n i ch n: Here > there This > that These > those Tr ng ng ch th i gian: Today > that day Tomorrow > the next day/ the following day Yesterday > the day before/ the previous day Last week > the week before/ the previous week The day after tomorrow > in 2 days time The day before yesterday > two days before. now > then Ago > before 2.3. c c tr ng h p khng i th i s th t, s vi c lun lun ng:

p: li m t th i

The earth moves round the sun he said. > He said that the earth moves round the sun. c u i u ki n lo i iI v iIi: if i were you, i would leave here he said. > He said that if he were me, he would leave there. Wish + past simple/ past perfect: i wish i lived in Da nang, he said. > He said he wished he lived in Da nang. C u trc its time somebody did something: its time he woke up, she said. > she said it was time he woke up. Would/ should/ ought to/ had better/ used to khng chuy n: Youd better work hard he said > He said that i had better work hard. 2.4. c cc ch chuy n ic b n A. s y that + a statement > agree ( ng ), refuse (t ch i), offer ( promise (h a), threaten + the infinitive (d a) All right, ill help you he said. > He agreed to help me. Oh, no, i wont come to your party, he said. > He refused to come to my party. ill look for the cat for you tomorrow if you like he said. > He offered to look after the cat for me the next day if i liked. ill visit your parents when i arrive there, he said > He promised to visit my parents when he arrived there. ill sell the TV set if you keep on watching it all day, said the father > The father threatened to sell the TV set if he kept on watching it all day

ngh ),

B. say that + a statement > accuse of (bu c t i), admit (th a nh n), apologise for (xin l i), deny (t ch i), insist on + V-ing (kh ng kh ng) You stole the jewels said the inspector > The inspector accused her of stealing the jewels. ive made the wall dirty said one student. > One student admitted making the wall dirty. im sorry im late she said. > she apologized for being late. no, we didnt enter the garden said the boy. > The boy denied entering my garden. Certainly, ill buy that car for you, said he. > He insisted on buying me that car. C. say to somebody + a statement > told somebody + that + clause ive finished all my homework, he said to me. > He told me that he had finished all his homework. D. say + a statement > said that + clause

im going to Hanoi tomorrow, he said. > He said that he was going to Hanoi the next day. E. statement with command, request, advice, invitation, offer > advise, ask, beg, encourage, invite, order, tell, warn, remind Youd better hurry, he said. > He advised me to hurry. Post the letter for me, will you?he said. > He asked me to post the letter for him. Make another try, please, he said. > He encouraged me to make another try Dont drive too fast, he said. > He warned me not to drive too fast. Remember to close the door, he said. > He reminded me to close the door. Dont forget to come at 6 a.m tomorrow, he said. > He reminded to come at 6 a.m the next day. F. Questions in indirect speech Th i, i t , tnh t s h u, tr ng t chuy n nh c u t ng thu t. Yes-no questions > asked/wanted to know if/whether Are you absent from your classes today? he asked. > He asked/wanted to know if i was absent from my classes that day. Wh-questions > asked/wanted to know + question word + clause. Where do you often meet your friends? she said. > she asked where i often met my friends. G. Questions with shall i> 4 lo i sau: About future event (s ki n trong t ng lai) shall we attend the meeting tomorrow, she said. >she asked if they would attend the meeting the next day Request for instruction or advice (l i h ng d n ho c l shall i read it, mother? ha said. > He asked his mother if he should read it. Offer to do something shall we bring you some new books? she said. > she offered to bring me some new books. suggest to do something shall we go to the cinema tonight, he said. > He suggested going to the cinema that night. H. Questions with Will you, would you, could you? (yu c u, > offer, invite, order, ask, told. Will you come to my party tomorrow? he said. > He invited me to come to his party the next day. Could you get ready at 6p.m tonight? he said. > He told/asked me to get ready at 6p.m that night.

i khuyn)

ngh , m i)

Would you like some cigarettes? he said. > He offered me some cigarettes. Will you shut your mouth? he said. > He ordered me to shut my mouth. i. Lets do> suggest + V-ing (n u bao g m c ng i ni th c hi n hnh ng) Lets do> suggest + that s should do(c th bao g m ho c khng bao g m ng i ni th c hi n hnh ng) Lets go to the cinema tonight, he said. > He suggested going to the cinema that night. (anh ta c ng i) > He suggested that they should go to the cinema that night J. Yes, lets do> agree no, lets not do > be against the idea. Lets eat out tonight said the mother. Yes, lets said the son. no, lets not said the father. > The mother suggested eating out that night and the son agreed but the father was against the idea. K. Must > had to i must finish my work tomorrow, he said. > He said that he had to finish his work the next day. Must you go soon? she said. > He asked if i had to go soon. L. c u c m thn trong l i ni gin ti p What + a + noun! /how + adj > said that + clause > gave an exclamation of delight (vui m ng, tn th ng), disgust (kinh t m), honor (s ), surprise (ng c nhin) How beautiful the picture is, he said. > He said that the picture was beautiful > He gave an exclamation of delight. What a dirty kitchen! she said. > she said that the kitchen was dirty. > she gave an exclamation of disgust. How wonderful, he said. > He said that it was wonderful. > He gave an exclamation of surprise. Yes/no > subject + tr ng t Have you finished your homework?he said Yes, she said > He asked her if she had finished her homework and she said she had. Are you ready for the exam? he said.

no, she said. > He asked if she was ready for the exam and she said she wasnt. M. Thank> subject + thanked Would you like to have dinner with me tonight?, he said. thank you, id love to she said. > He invited her to have dinner with him that night. she thanked him and said she would love to. Good luck, he said > he wished me luck. Congratulation!, he said > he congratulated me. Bi t p: Chuy n nh ng c u sau sang gin ti p. 1. shall i help you with the exercises? he said. 2. shall we give him a birthday cake? he said. 3. Could i leave early on Friday? he said. 4. Where shall we meet tonight? she said. 5. Will you have a drink? he said. 6. How far is it from here to college? he said. 7. Do you often have breakfast at 6.30 a.m? he said 8. Dont swim too far, boys she said. 9. Do come in and have a drink he said. 10. Remember to wake me up she said. 11. if i were you, i would learn English, she said. 12. Why dont we go camping this sunday? he said. 13. Would you like to come to my birthday party next sunday? she said. 14. Lets have a talk on the new film, he said. 15. shall i do the cleaning up for you? he said. 16. What a clever boy! she said. 17. How ugly! he said. 18. Did you prepare your meal? he said. no i said. 19. Happy birthday, he said. 20. Take your seat, he said. thank, i said.

Cu tr c ti p - Cu gin ti p (Dicrect and Indirect Speeches)

1. Gi i thi u: Trong l i ni tr c ti p, chng ta ghi l i chnh xc nh ng t , ng c a ng i ni dng. L i ni tr c ti p th ng c th hi n b i: cc d u ngo c kp " " - t c l l i ni c t trong d u ngo c. V d : 1- He said, I learn English. 2- "I love you," she said. 2. Nh ng thay 2.1 i trong l i ni Tr c v Gin ti p:

i th c a cu: i theo m t nguyn t c chung l li v

Th c a cc ng t trong l i ni gin ti p thay qu kh (cc th xu ng c p): Th trong L i ni tr c ti p - Hi n t i n

Th trong L i ni gin ti p - Qu kh n

- Hi n t i ti p di n - Hi n t i hon thnh - Hi n t i hon thnh TD - Qu kh n

- Qu kh ti p di n - Qu kh hon thnh - Qu kh hon thnh TD - Qu kh hon thnh - Qu kh hon thnh (khng -T -T ng lai trong qu kh ng lai TD trong qu kh i)

- Qu kh hon thnh -T -T ng lai n

ng lai TD

- Is/am/are going to do - Can/may/must do

- Was/were going to do - Could/might/had to do

Hy xem nh ng v d sau y: He does He is doing He did He was doing

He has done He has been doing He did He was doing He had done He will do He will be doing He will have done He may do He may be doing He can do He can have done

He has done He had been doing He had done He had been doing He had done He would do He would be doing He would have done He might do He might be doing He could do He could have done

He must do/have to do He had to do 2.2 Cc thay a. Thay Cc thay i i khc: it i s h u khi chuy n t l i nitr c ti p sang l i ni gin ti p

i t nhn x ng v i nh b ng sau: IT it

CH C N NG TR C TI P GIN TI P Ch ng I we you Tn ng me us you he, she they they him, her them them his, her

nhn x ng

it

Ph m

nh

my

s h u

our your nh danh mine ours yours

their their his, her theirs theirs it ng c nu trn y, ng i h c c n ch n i c a ng i ng vai tr thu t l i trong cc

Ngoi quy t c chung v cc thay i cc thay i khc lin quan n v tr t v d sau y:

V d : Jane, "Tom, you should listen to me." + Jane t thu t l i l i c a mnh: I told Tom that he should listen to me. + Ng i khc thu t l i l i ni c a Jane Jane told Tom that he should listen to her + Ng i khc thu t l i cho Tom nghe: Jane told you that he should listen to her. + Tom thu t l i l i ni c a Jane Jane told me that I should listen to her. b. Cc thay i tr ng t khng gian v th i gian: Gin ti p That That Those There Then That day

Tr c ti p This That These Here Now Today

Ago Tomorrow The day after tomorrow Yesterday

Before The next day / the following day In two days time / two days after The day before / the previous day

The day before yesterday Two day before Next week Last week Last year V d : Tr c ti Gin ti Tr c ti Gin ti p: "I saw the school-boy here in this room today." p: She said that she had seen the school-boy there in that room that day. p: "I will read these letters now." p: She said that she would read those letters then. The following week The previous week / the week before The previous year / the year before

Ngoi quy t c chung trn dy, ng i h c c n ch r ng tnh hu ng th t v th i gian khi hnh ng c thu t l i ng vai tr r t quan tr ng trong khi chuy n t l i ni tr c ti p sang l i ni gin ti p. 3. Cu h i trong l i ni gin ti p: Cu h i trong l i ni gin ti p 3.1. Cu h i b t u v i cc tr ng t : Ta thm If/whether c chia lm lo i:

V d : Tr c ti p: "Does John understand music?" he asked. Gin ti p: He asked if/whether John understood music. 3.2. Cu h i b t u who, whom, what, which, where, when, why, how: Cc t trn s c gi nguyn trong cu gin ti p: Tr c ti p: "What is your name?" he asked. Gin ti p: He asked me what my name was. 3.3. Cc d ng c bi t c a cu h i trong l i ni gin ti p h i

a. Shall/ would dng V d : Tr c ti Gin ti Tr c ti Gin ti

di n t

nghi, l i m i:

p: "Shall I bring you some tea?" he asked. p: He offered to bring me some tea. p: "Shall we meet at the theatre?" he asked. p: He suggested meeting at the theatre. di n t s yu c u:

b. Will/would dng V d : Tr c ti Gin ti Tr c ti Gin ti

p: Will you help me, please? p: He ashed me to help him. p: Will you lend me your dictionary? p: He asked me to lend him my dictionary.

c. Cu m nh l nh v cu yu c u trong l i ni gin ti p. V d : Tr c ti Gin ti Tr c ti Gin ti p: Go away! p: He told me/The boys to go away. p: Listen to me, please. p: He asked me to listen to him.

d. Cu c m thn trong l i ni gin ti p. V d : Tr c ti p: What a lovely dress! Tu theo xc c m v hnh th c di n nh sau: t, chng ta c th dng nhi u hnh th c khc nhau

Gin ti p: She exclaimed that the dress was lovely. She exclaimed that the dress was a lovely once. She exclaimed with admiration at the sight of the dress. e. Cc hnh th c h n h p trong l i ni gin ti p. L i ni tr c ti p c th bao g m nhi u hnh th c h n h p: cu kh ng m nh l nh, cu c m thn: nh, cu h i, cu

V d : Tr c ti p: She said, "can you play the piano? and I said no Gin ti p: She asked me if could play the piano and I said that I could not.