La Consolacion College Bian

Sto . Tomas, Bian, Laguna

In partial fulfillment on the subject

Rizal

Researcher: Anzures, Joanna Marie D. Monter, Anna Fe H.

Resources: http://www.slideshare.net/cudiaeduardo/chapter-6-8731670 http://www.scribd.com/doc/27040791/Chapter-9-Rizal-in-Peninsular-Spain http://archopht.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/119/2/280 http://www.slideshare.net/cudiaeduardo/chapter-vii http://www.scribd.com/doc/8424021/Dr-Jose-Rizal-at-the-University-of-Santo-Tomas http://www.scribd.com/doc/59757611/21/Rizal-s-Ideology-1887 http://angbuhaynijprizal.wordpress.com/rizals-first-return-to-the-philippines/ http://www.scribd.com/doc/21452268/RIzal-Chapter-11 http://wiki.answers.com/Q/First_homecoming_of_rizal_in_the_Philippines http://www.slideshare.net/cudiaeduardo/chapter-12-8731682 http://www.slideshare.net/cudiaeduardo/chapter-13-8731684 http://www.slideshare.net/cudiaeduardo/chapter-14-8731688 http://www.slideshare.net/cudiaeduardo/chapter-15-8731691 http://www.slideshare.net/cudiaeduardo/chapter-16-8731692 http://www.slideshare.net/cudiaeduardo/chapter-17-8731694 http://www.slideshare.net/cudiaeduardo/chapter-18-8731697 http://www.joserizal.ph/tr48.html http://www.scribd.com/doc/37045238/1-ch-13-rizal-s-Visit-to-the-United-States-1888 http://adenu1980.blogspot.com/2011/07/dr-jose-rizals-travel-across-united.html

Rizal s Voyages First trip to Europe y y Rizal's departure in Spain was kept secret. Only Francisco, Paciano, Jesuit Fathers and other close friends only knew about the departure of Rizal.

The three reason of secrets: y y y to make a name for himself in journalism to observe the European society to prepare himself in liberating the Filipinos from Spanish tyranny

*Php 700.00 with diamond ring given by Paciano to Rizal *Php 35.00 allowance per month; to be send by Pacianoand his uncle Antonio *JOSE MERCADO name appeared in his passport *MANUEL T. HIDALGO sender of telegram; he tells that the Spanish steamer SALVADORAwas scheduled to sail to Singapore *MAY 1, 1882 he left Calamba by CARROMATA, reaching Manila after 10 hours *SANTO DOMINGO CHURCH he attended the mass before leaving *JOSE M. CECILIO (Chengoy) Rizal s close friend, one of his close friends who know his departure SINGAPORE y Founded by SIR THOMAS RAFFLES y The SALVADORA reached the English colony of Singapore on May 9. Rizal logged in HOTEL DE LAPAZ for 2 days. FIRST TRIP TO SUEZ CANAL y DJEMNAH a French steamer; sailed to Europe y MAY 26 - he saw the coast of AFRICA - He called this as AN INHOSPITABLE LAND BUT FAMOUS y ADEN City- hotter than the Philippines; he saw camels and Arabian horses y JUNE 2 - He arrived at the city of SUEZ y SUEZ CANAL - a historic waterway constructed by ENGR. FERDINAND DE LESSEPS NAPLES AND MARSEILLES y JUNE 11 Rizal reached Naples, an Italian city y Rizal was fascinated by MOUNT VESUVIUS and CASTLE OF ST. TELMO. He visited CHATEAU d LF, where Dantes, hero of the Count of Monte Cristo was imprisoned. y Rizal stayed here for 2 days. BARCELONA y MAY 16, 1882 he reached BARCELONA; the greatest city of CATALUA and Spain s 2nd largest city y LAS RAMBLAS famous street in Barcelona y PLAZA DE CATALUA welcome party for Rizal was made by Rizal s schoolmates at Ateneo

AMOR PATRIO (Love of Country) he wrote it in Barcelona; this is a nationalistic essay written in Spanish soil under the pseudonym of Dimas Alang *Published in two text Spanish Rizal Filipino M.H. del Pilar DIARYONG TAGALOG first Manila bilingual newspaper FRANCISCO CALVO editor of DiaryongTagalog; member of editorial staff *TWO PEN NAMES USED BY RIZAL DIMAS ALANG used in joining the Masonry LAONG LAAN used in his essay *THREE ARTICLES FOR DIARYONG TAGALOG Amor Patrio (Love of Country) Los Viajes (Travels) Revistade Madrid (Review of Madrid) it was returned to him because of financial reasons.

*Then Rizal moves to Madrid. SAD NEWS FROM HOME y Spread of Cholera that was ravaging Manila and other provinces y Leonor Rivera was getting thinner because of an absence of a loved one. LIFE IN MADRID y He enrolled at UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DE MADRID (Central University of Madrid) y 2 courses enrolled (MEDICINE, PHILOSOPHY & LETTERS) y Took lessons at the Academy of San Carlos (Painting & Sculpture) y He also took private lessons in (GERMAN, FRENCH & ENGLISH) *THEY ASKED ME FOR VERSES Rizal joined the CIRCULO HISPANO - FILIPINO which is a society of Spaniards and Filipino. Rizal was requested to create a poem which was declaimed upon December 31, 1882. *RIZAL AS LOVER OF BOOKS SEOR ROCES owner of store where Rizal purchased 2ndhand books Rizal was deeply affected by BEELCHESS STOWE S UNCLE TOM S CABIN & EUGENE SUE S THE WONDERIGN JEW . *Rizal also visited PARIS for the first time and he said that PARIS IS THE COSTLIEST CAPITAL IN EUROPE .

TWO TITANS OF THE BRUSH y y JUAN LUNA 1st price for his SPOLIARIUM, he received as gold medal FELIX HIDALGO - 2nd price for his CHRISTIAN VIRGINS EXPOSE TO THE POPULACE

TWO COURSES FINISHED IN MADRID y y Doctor of Medicine Licentiate of Philosophy and Letters

Rizal and Ophthalmology

y y Rizal went to Paris and Germany in order to specialize in ophthalmology. He chose this branch because he wanted to cure his mother s eye ailment.

*After studying at the Central University of Madrid, Rizal, who was then 24 yrs old, went to Paris to acquire more knowledge in ophthalmology. *On his way to Paris, he stopped at Barcelona to visit MAXIMO VIOLA, a medical student and a member of a rich family of San Miguel, Bulacan. *SEOR EUSEBIO COROMINAS editor of La Publicidad *DON MIGUEL MORAYTA owner of La Publicidad and a statesman *Rizal gave Editor Corominas (an article on the Carolines Question) *NOVEMBER 1885 Rizal was living in Paris *He worked as an assistant to Dr. Louis de Weckert, a leading French ophthalmologist. *JUAN LUNA great master of the brush; Rizal helped him by posing as model in Luna s paintings. * The Death of Cleopatra * The Blood Compact where Rizal posed as an Egyptian priest

Rizal posed as Sikatuna

TO THE FLOWERS OF HEIDELBERG *APRIL 22, 1886 Rizal wrote a fine poem entitled A Las Flores de Heidelberg (To the Flowers of Heidelberg) because he was fascinated by the blooming flowers along the Neckar River, which is the light blue flower called forget- me-not .

WITH PASTOR ULLMER AT WILHELMSFELD *Rizal spent a three-month summer vacation at Wilhelmsfeld where he stayed at the place of a Protestant pastor, Dr. Karl Ullmer. The pastor has a wife and two children named Etta and Fritz

FIRST LETTER TO BLUMENTRITT *JULY 31, 1886 Rizal wrote his first letter to Professor FERDINAND BLUMENTRITT who is the Director of the Ateneo of Leitmeritz, Austria. *Blumentritt is an Austrian ethnologist and he has an interest in the Philippine language. *Rizal sent Aritmetica (Arithmetic) book to Blumentritt which was published in 2 languages - Spanish and Tagalog by the University of Santo Tomas Press in 1868.The author was RufinoBaltazar Hernandez. *Blumentritt became the best friend of Rizal.

FIFTH CENTENARY OF HEIDELBERG UNIVERSITY *AUGUST 14, 1886 Rizal arrived in Leipzig *He attended some lectures at the University of Leipzig on history and psychology. *He befriended Prof. Friedrich Ratzel, a famous historian, and Dr. Hans Meyer, German anthropologist. *Rizal found out that the cost of living in Leipzig was the cheapest in Europe so he stayed for 2 months and a half. *On October 29, he went to Dresden, where he met Dr. Adolph B. Meyer, the Director of the Anthropological and Ethnological Museum.

RIZAL WELCOMED IN BERLIN S SCIENTIFIC CIRCLES Rizal was enchanted by Berlin because of its scientific atmosphere and the absence of race prejudice. Some scientists Rizal met are: y y y y DR. FEODOR JAGOR German scientist-traveler and author of Travels in the Philippines DR. RUDOLF VIRCHOW famous German anthropologist DR. W. JOEST German geographer DR. KARL ERNEST SCHWEIGGER famous German ophthalmologist

RIZAL S LIFE IN BERLIN Five reasons why Rizal stayed in Berlin: y y y y y To gain further knowledge of ophthalmology To further his studies of science and languages To observe the economic and political conditions of the German nation To associate with famous German scientists and scholars To publish his novel, Noli Me Tangere

Rizal worked as an assistant in the clinic of Dr. Scweigger, and at night, he attended lectures in the University of Berlin. He also took private lessons in French under Madame Lucie Cerdole.

RIZAL S DARKEST WINTER y y y y He lived in poverty because no money arrived from Calamba and he was flat broke. He could not pay his landlord and he was eating only one meal a day. His clothes were old and threadbare. His health broke down due to lack of proper nourishment.

This is one of the most memorable days in the life of Rizal.

Rizal s Illness
y y y y y Blumentritt was the first one to have news of Rizal's illness - he suffered from a chest ailment. he recalled that the doctor at the Ateneo de Manila had diagnosed his case as - Tuberculosis. Viola arrived in Berlin. he made a clinical examination to Rizal. The examination given by Viola can be summarized as: "afternoon fevers preceded by chills, slight cough, feeling of fatigue, and haggardness." Viola rejected the diagnosis of tuberculosis made by Rizal, attributing the condition to malnutrition, excessive work, insufficient and unvaried food and excessive gymnastic exercises, to which Rizal had a great inclination.

Rizal suspected as a Spy

y he was visited by the police, who required him to present his passport, giving him a period of three weeks to obtain it. Rizal went to the embassy, and the ambassador, the Count de Benomar, promised that he would attend to the matter.

y y y

Days passed and still no passport, inspite of the fact that the son of Moret (a student recently arrived in Berlin)was an attach whom Rizal had helped with his study of German. The chief of police explained that they had mistaken him for a French spy because he had visited so many small and insignificant towns and villages of France. His membership did not prevent him from assisting at the ophthalmologic clinic of Dr. Schultzer beginning February1887, as collaborator. He also worked with the son of Doctor Virchow, professor of descriptive anatomy at the university.

Rizal s Ideology (1887)

*When Rizal left Manila in 1882 he did not have any definite political ideology. *Among his fundamental ideas was that the idea of nationalism (among the Filipinos) was, at that moment, something premature and too radical. But his position gradually changed with events. In any case, he always avoided radicalism and violence. *Rizal was not a man of action but a member of the Filipino intelligentsia; faithful to the concept that education would lead to emancipation. Bound to this concept for life, he addressed himself more to be the elite rather than to be masses. *In his inveterate skepticism, Rizal, speaking of the Philippines, believed that separation was at the moment not possible, for Spain was incapable of learning any lesson from the loss of her colonies in the New World. - "Under the present circumstances, we do not desire separation from Spain; all that we ask for is greater attention, better education, better government employees, one or two delegates and more security for us and our properties. Spain could win the appreciation of the Filipinos if she were only reasonable. But as the Latin saying goes, 'Quos vult perdere Jupiter, prius dementat.' (He whom Jupiter wishes to lose, he first makes him lose his mind.)" This Latin expression determined the posture of Rizal, not only for themoment but also in the future. *Rizal's Catholic faith began to weaken. *He remained, fundamentally, a good Christian until death. But in 1887 he has no longer believed in purgatory or in hell, and many other things, which he now considered idolatry. The subject of religion profoundly obsessed Rizal.

The First Return to the Philippines He was determined to return to the Philippines for the following reasons: y y To operate his mother's eyes To serve his people who had long been oppressed by Spanish tyrants

y y

To find out for him how the Noli Me Tangere and his other writings were affecting Filipinos and Spaniards in the Philippines To inquire why Leonor Rivera remained silent

*In Rome, on June 29, 1887, Rizal wrote to his father, announcing his homecoming. *On July 3, 1887, he boarded the steamer Djemnah, the same steamer which brought him to Europe five years ago. *On August 6th he arrived in Manila. *On August 8th the two days after his arrival in Manila, he reached Calamba. His family welcomed him affectionately, with plentiful tears of joy. Paciano did not leave him during the first days after arrival to protect him from enemy assault. *In Calamba, Rizal established a medical clinic. His first exploit as a physician was the successful operation on his mother sightless eyes. Rizal, who came to be called Doctor Uliman because he came from Germany. Within a few months, he was able to earn $900 as a physician. *Rizal opened a gymnasium for young folks, he introduced European sports. He tried to interest his town mates in gymnastics, fencing and shooting so as to discourage the cockfights and gambling. *STORM OVER THE NOLI A few weeks after his arrival, a storm broke over his novel. One day Rizal received a letter from Governor General Emilio Terrero requesting him to come to Malacaan Palace. Somebody has whispered to the Governor's ear that the Noli contained subversive ideas. *For security, he assigned a young Spanish lieutenant, Don Jose Taviel de Andrade, as bodyguard of Rizal belonged to a noble family. He was cultured and knew painting, and he could speak English, French, and Spanish. *Governor-general Terrero read the Noli and found nothing wrong in it. *the faculty members of the University of Santo Tomas stated that the Noli was heretical, impious, and scandalous in the religious order, and anti-patriotic, subversive of public order, injurious to the government of Spain and its function in the Philippine Islands in the political order. CALAMBA'S AGRARIAN TROUBLE Governor-General Terrero, influenced by a certain facts in Noli Me Tangere, ordered a government investigation of the friars estates to remedy whatever iniquities might have been presents in connection with land taxes and with tenant relations.

Rizal leaves the Philippines The friars, asked Governor General Terrero to deport him, but the latter refused because there was no valid charge against Rizal in the court. Anonymous threats against Rizal's life were received by his parents. The alarmed parents, relatives and friends (including lt. Taviel de Andrade) advised him to go away, for his life was in danger. Rizal left Manila on the 3rd of February of 1888, at 5:00 in the afternoon, his heart filled with pain and skepticism.

Trips to Hong Kong and Macau

HONGKONG, MACAU & JAPAN 1888 *Rizal leaving the Philippines for the Second Time *Hounded by powerful enemies, Rizal was forced to leave his country for the second time in 1888. *He was 27 years old, a practicing physician, and a recognized man of letters. *After six months of staying in the Philippines Rizal left via the steamer Zapiro bound for Hong Kong. Amoy the first stop over of the ship Rizal did not get off the ship for the following reasons: y y y He was not feeling well It was raining hard He heard that the city is dirty.

Hong Kong - A British colony *Rizal stayed in Victoria Hotel *He met: y y y Jose Maria Basa Balbino Mauricio Manuel Yriarte(son of the alcalde mayor in Calamba)

Rizal s Visit to Macau *Jose Sainz de Varanda among one of the passengers *Don Juan Francisco Lecaros a Filipino gentleman who is married to a Portuguese lady.

*Rizal and Basa stayed in his house for two days while they were in Macau.*Jose Sainz de Varanda among one of the passengers *Don Juan Francisco Lecaros a Filipino gentleman who is married to a Portuguese lady. *Rizal and Basa stayed in his house for two days while they were in Macau. *During Rizal s two week vacation in Hong Kong, he studied Chinese life, language, drama and customs and found out the following which he wrote in his diary:
y

The celebration of the Chinese New Year was quite very noisy due to the continuous explosion of firecrackers on the streets. The lauriat party, wherein the guests were served a variety of dishes, shows lavishness and hospitality among the Chinese. The Dominican Order, the richest religious order in Hong Kong, had millions of dollars deposited in various banks earning very high interests. The graveyards for Catholics, Protestants and Muslims were well maintained.

DEPARTURE FROM HONGKONG *February 22, 1888 Rizal left Hongkong *Oceanic an American steamer, his destination was Japan RIZAL IN JAPAN JAPAN - The Land of the Cherry Blossoms *He arrived in Yokohama, Japan and stayed for one day in Grand Hotel. Rizal in Tokyo *After spending a day in Yokohama, Rizal went to Tokyo and stayed in Tokyo Hotel for five days. *Tokyo Hotel- where Rizal stayed from March 2-7 in Japan *Rizal s letter to Blumentritt. *Tokyo is more extensive than Paris. *JUDO Japanese art of self-defense *KABUKI Japanese drama play *Juan Perez Caballero secretary of the Spanish legation visited him in the hotel inviting him to stay in the Spanish legation. *Knowing that it is a plot to monitor him, Rizal accepted the offer for the following reasons: *REASONS WHY HE ACCEPTED CABALLERO S PROPOSAL y y y He could economize his living expenses He had nothing to hide from the prying eyes of the Spanish authorities. He and Caballero became good friends.

*In Japan, Rizal was embarrassed because he did not knew how to speak Niponggo (Japanese Language) He was mistaken as an Europeanized Japanese because he looks like a Japanese and yet speaks in different tongue. *Rizal s Impression of Japan y y y y y The scenic beauty of the country The cleanliness, politeness and industry of the Japanese people. The picturesque dress and simple charm of the Japanese women. There were few thieves in Japan. Beggars are rarely seen in the city streets.

Rizal and O-Sei-San Rizal and Osei San are both theatre addicts. They attended some kabuki plays such as; y y y Sendaihagi Manjiro Nakahama Chushingura

*Rizal fell greatly in-love with O-Sei-San that he was tempted to leave the Philippines and settle down in Japan. *He was offered a job in the Spanish Legation *Paciano wrote to him reminding him of his duty and why he left the Philippines in the first place. *Rizal left Japan via the ship Belgic, an English steamer in Yokohama bound for United States. It ended 45 days of his unforgettable stay in Japan and his relationship with O-Sei-San. Sayonara japan *April 13, 1888 Rizal left Japan boarded in Belgic, an English steamer bound for United States *TetchoSuehiro a fighting Japanese journalist, novelist, champion of human rights, who was forced by the government to leave Japan. *He met a semi-Filipino family Mr. Reinaldo Turner and his wife Emma Jackson, their children and maid from Pangasinan.

Rizal s visit to USA and other neighboring countries *Via the steamer Belgic, Rizal arrived in San Francisco, USA on April 28, 1888. *Rizal stayed in Palace Hotel (then a first class hotel) in San Francisco *He stayed there for two days

*Grover Cleveland was the president when Rizal visited the United States *Leland Stanford the founder and benefactor of the Stanford University was then a senator representing California. *George Washington one of the great men of new York whom visited his memorial. The 1st president of the US. *Oakland first stop via ferryboat Via train: y y y y Sacramento where he ate his supper 75cents and slept at his couch. Reno, Nevada where he had his breakfast Utah where he saw Mormons, thickly populated Colorado a lot of snow and pine trees

New York which he considers a big city y y y Where he stayed for three days, he got a room at the Fifth Avenue Hotel. From the time Rizal arrived in New York on May 13, 1888 at 11:10AM until he left for Europe on May 16th at 9AM. He left the United States for Liverpool, London on board the City of Rome, the second largest ship in the world. Great Eastern largest ship in the world during his time. o Nebraska Omaha City, as big as San Francisco o Missouri River twice as big as Pasig River o Chicago a lot of Indians in cigar stores o Albany where he saw the Hudson River

LONDON (1888-89) *Lived in London May 1888 to Mar. 1889 *3 reasons why he stayed there: y To improve the his knowledge of the English Language y To study and annotate Morga sSucesos de Las Islas Filipinas y London was a safe place for him to carry on his fight against Spanish Tyranny *Completing annotating Morga s books *Wrote many articles in La Solidaridad *Penned Young Women of Malolos *had romance with Gertrude Beckett Life in London
y

Went to London May 25, 1888

y y y y

Stayed as a guest at Dr.Regidor s home Became a boarder at the Beckett s by the end of May Was called Pearl of Man by Dr. Reinhold Rost Played Cricket and Boxing with Dr. Rost s sons.

Good and Bad News from Home Bad News y y y y y Persecution of the Filipino patriots who signed the Anti-friar Petition of 1888 Persecution of Calamba tenants Furious attacks on Rizal by Senator Salamanca and Vida in the Spanish Cortes and by Desengaos (Wenseslao E. Retana) and Quioquiap (Pablo Feced) in Spanish newspapers Rizal s brother-in-law, Manuel Hidalgo was exiled in Bohol LaureanoViado, his friend was arrested and jailed because copies of Noli were found in his house

Good News y Rev. Vicente Garcias defended Noli against the attacks of the friars.

Short Visit to Paris and Spain *September 1888 he visited Paris for a week *Entertained in a gay French Metropolis by Juan Luna and his wife *He returned to London *Dec. 11, 1888 he went to Spain

*Rizal returned to London on Dec. 24, 1888 and spent his Christmas and new year s day with the Becketts. *Rizal becomes leader of Filipinos in Europe y y Chosen to be honorary president Wrote a letter of thanks adressed to the members of Asociacion La Solidaridad on Jan. 28, 1889

Writings in London

y y y

Specimens of Tagalog Folklore Two Eastern Fables Requested by: Dr. Rost

Rizal finished 4 sculptures

y y y y

Prometheus Bound The Triumph of Death over Life The Triumph of Science over Death Composite carving of the heads of the Beckett sisters

*March 19, 1889 - he leaved London *After his trip to London, he move to PARIS. Timely there is an International Exposition being held at Paris. Rizal s roommates (a) Captain Justo Trinidad former gobernadorcillo & a refugee from Spanish tyranny; (b) Jose Albert young student from Manila. *In his spare hours, he used to dine at the house of the De Taveras *He carried his artistic hobbies and made two statues
y y

The Beggar The Maid with a Baker sent to Blumentritt together with an artistic wallet (PETACA) made of Philippine vine.

TWO CLUBS FOUNDED BY RIZAL 1. Kidlat Club 2. Indios Bravos TWO MAGNIFICENT PROJECT OF RIZAL IN PARIS 1. International Association of Filipinologist - association that aim to study the Philippines from the scientific and historical point of view. 2. Modern Filipino College in Hongkong

RIZAL IN BRUSSELS, 1890 January 28, 1890 Rizal left Paris for Brussels, capital of Belgium. Two reasons: 1.The cost of living in Paris was very high because of the international exposition, and 2. The gay social life of the city hampered his literary works especially the writing of his second novel El Filibusterismo. LIFE IN BRUSSELS In Brussels, Rizal was busy writing his second novel which was a continuation of Noli. He was never idle even for an hour. Aside from writing its chapter he wrote articles for La Solidaridadand letters to his

family and friends. Being a physician, he spent part of his time in the medical clinic. For recreation, he had gymnastics at the gymnasium at target practice and fencing at the armory. RIZAL S ARTICLES IN LA SOLIDARIDAD
y y y y y y y y y y

La Verdad Para Todos (The Truth for All) VerdadesNuevas (New Truths) UnaProfanacion (A Profanation) Diferencias (Differences) Filipinas dentro de ClenAos (The Philippines A Century Hence) Ingratitudes Sin Nombre (Without Name) Sobre la Nueva Ortografia de la LenguaTagala (On the New Ortography of the tagalog Language) Cosas de Filipinas (Things about the Philippines) Sobre la Indolencia de los Filipinos (On the Indolence of the Filipinos)

*Rizal did not heed the dire warnings of his friends. No threat of danger could change his plan. *Rizal wrote to M.H. Del Pilar on June 20, 1890, retaining the latter s services as lawyer. He was going to Madrid in order to supervise the handling of the case.