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Tp HCM, ngy thng nm 2008

K tn
Gim c

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NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN

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im bng s

im bng ch

TP.HCM, ngy thng 01nm 2008

(K v ghi r h tn)

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Sau hn mt thng thc tp ti cng ty Vit Nam k ngh sc sn (Vissan)) , tuy thi gian
khng nhiu nh s ch dn tn tnh ca cc c ch, anh ch trong x nghip ch bin, em
c tm hiu kh nhiu v cng ty, v cc cng on, qui trnh ch bin, cng nh cc loi sn
phm. Nh khang thi gian thc tp qu gi ny ti cng ty m chng em c cng c kh
nhiu kin thc c hc ti trng. Qua bi bo co ny em xin g i li cm n chn thnh
n nhng c ch v anh ch tn tnh hng dn em trong thi gian qua.
V thi gian thc tp hn ch c ng vi lng kin thc khng th gi l nn chc
chn bi bo co ny s khng trnh khi nhng thiu st! Knh mong cc c ch, anh ch, v
thy c s ng gp bi bo co ca em c hon chnh hn!
Em xin trn trng cm n.

Sinh vin thc tp

Phm Ngc T Anh

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Mc lc
Nhn xt ca cng ty..1
Nhn xt ca gio vin hng dn2
Li cm n...3
Mc lc.4
Li m u..6
Chng 1: Tng quan.7
1.1 Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin cng ty ...7
1.1.1. Lch s thnh lp cng ty.. 7
1.1.2. phng thc cng c v pht trin ca cng ty 8
1.2.

a im xy dng... 9

1.3.

tnh hnh th trng tiu th. 13

1.4.

s lc v x nghip ch bin kinh doanh thc phm.. 14

1.5.

Chng nhn cht lng 18

1.6.

Mt s sn phm. .19

Chng 2: Quy trnh sn xut ch gi.. 21

2.1. Nguyn liu ..21
2.2. Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut ch gi. 30
2.2.1. Quy trnh sn xut. .30
2.2.2. Thuyt mnh quy trnh 31
2.3. Bao b 35
2.4. Cc loi dng c v my mc dng trong ch bin ..36

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2.5. nh gi cht lng sn phm 40

Chng 3: Quy trnh sn xut h co ..42

3.1. Nguyn liu .42
3.1.1. Nhn.. 42
3.1.2. V.. 46
3.2. Quy trnh ch bin...47
3.2.1. Quy trnh ch bin..47
3.2.3. Thuyt minh quy trnh48
3.3. Cc loi my mc dng c dng trong ch bin..52
3.3.1. My xay.52
3.3.2. My ly tm.....53
3.3.3 My nghin.54
3.3.4. My trn nhn54
3.3.5. My trn bt...55
3.3.6. My cn bt56
3.4. nh gi cht lng sn phm h co..57
3.5. Sn xut honh thnh....58
Chng 4: Kt lun v ngh59
Ti liu tham kho..60

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LI M U
Cuc sng ca con ngi ngy cng pht trin, nhp sng ngy cng hi h, cht
lng cuc sng cng ngy cng c nng cao. Bn cnh nhng nhu cu v ni
ci mc hng ngy th cn c 1 nhu cu khng th thiu ca con ng i, l
nhu cu dinh dng! V khi m cuc sng cng pht trin th nhu cu li cng
i hi mc cao hn! Khng n thun l nhng ba n qua ngy na m cn
phi l n nhanh, n , n ngon! Do nhu cu v thc n nhanh, n ch bin
sn v b dng l rt ln. Bn cnh l vn v sinh an ton thc phm c
t ln hng u. V nh ta bit, ngnh cng nghip ch bin thc phm l mt
trong nhng ngnh cng nghip pht trin nht trn th gii hin nay. V cng
l mt trong nhng ngnh cng nghip mi nhn ca nc ta.
Cng Ty TNHH Mt Thnh Vin Vit Nam K Ngh Sc Sn (VISSAN) l
mt trong nhng cng ty hng u trong lnh vc thc phm ch bin ti Vit
Nam hin nay. iu c bit quan trng l phn ln sn phm ca cng ty u l
nhng mt hng truyn thng ca Vit Nam. Cng ty c mt lng sn phm ht
sc a dng phong ph, khng ch c phn phi n khp mi min t n c
m cn xut khu ra nc ngoi. Bn cnh , tt c mi sn phm lun c m
bo v cht lng cng nh v sinh an ton thc phm, t khu nguyn liu ban
u n khu bao b, thnh phm, v bo qun. V sn phm CH GI, H
CO, HONH THNH l ba trong s rt nhiu sn phm . Tt c u l
nhng mn n ngon, b dng, mang m bn sc vn ha m thc ca ng i
Vit Nam.

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Chng 1: TNG QUAN

hnh 1.1. Cng ty Vissan

Tn trong nc: Cng Ty TNHH Mt Th nh Vin Vit Nam K Ngh Sc Sn.
Tn giao dch nc ngoi: VISSAN LIMITED COMPANY.
Tn vit tt: VISSAN.
Tng gim c: Bi Huy c.
S ti khon: 102010000150518 Ti Ngn H ng Cng Thng, Chi Nhnh 7 Tp.Hcm
Vit Nam.
a ch: 420 N Trang Long, Phng 13, Qun Bnh Thnh, Tp.HCM.
in thoi: (84 8) 5533.999 5533.888
Fax: (84 8) 5533.939
Email: vissan@hcm.fpt.vn
Website: www.vissan.com.vn

1.1. LCH S HNH THNH V PHT TRIN CNG TY

1.1.1. Lch s thnh lp cng ty

Cng ty VISSAN l mt doanh nghip thnh vin ca Tng Cng Ty Thng Mi Si

Gn, c xy dng vo ngy 20-11-1970.
12-9-1974 l st sinh Tn Tin chnh thc i vo hot ng.

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16-3-1976 trn c s my c, theo quyt nh s 143/TCQD UBND TP.HCM quyt

nh thnh lp cng ty thc phm I chuyn kinh doanh ngnh hng th c phm ti sng,
t chc git m, sn xut cc mt h ng a dng t tht.
Cui nm 1984 1986 cng ty pht trin thm nhiu mt hng, tham gia pht trin
n gia sc thnh ph, y mnh xut khu.
Theo vn bn 3486/UB, thng 8-1987 cng ty tip nhn v thnh lp 12 ca hng
thc phm, hnh thnh mng li rng khp thnh ph.
9-1989 cng ty c php kinh doanh xut-nhp khu trc tip theo Q 589/QUB
ngy 27/9/1989 sang cc th trng Malaysia, HongKong, Singapore, i Loan.
10-1989 theo quyt nh s 601/UB, cng ty c xp hng: Tng Cng Ty Hng Nht.
Thng 11/1989 Cng ty Th c Phm I chnh thc i tn thnh Cng Ty K Ngh Sc
Sn gi tt l VISSAN, tn giao dch quc t l VISSAN IMPORT EXPORT
CORPORATION trc thuc Tng Cng Ty Th ng Mi Si Gn.
Hot ng ca cng ty l chuyn v sn xut kinh doanh tht gia sc t i sng, ng
lnh v thc phm ch bin t tht.
Thng 9-2005 Cng Ty Rau Qu Thnh Ph c sp nhp vo cng ty VISSAN to
thm ngnh mi: ngnh rau - c - qu.
n nm 2006 cng ty VISSAN c chuyn i thnh Cng Ty TNHH Mt Thnh
Vin Vit Nam K Ngh Sc Sn.
1.1.2. Phng thc cng c v pht trin ca cng ty:

Trc tnh hnh pht trin ca x hi hin nay, ha nhp vo nn kinh t ang pht
trin ca cc nc trong khu vc cng nh cc nc trn th gii cng ty ang mnh dn
xut khu vo cc th trng mu dch t do nh M v cc nc EU, mt th trng
y tim nng.
Bn cnh cng ty cng t ra phng hng pht trin trong tng lai.

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Cung cp y cho nhu cu ni a, cng c v pht trin mng li bn l

trong nc.
Tch cc tm kim th trng nc ngoi, lp cc vn phng i din, xc tin
thng mi, tm kim i tc kinh doanh.
Vi ngun vn hin c cng ty khng ngng ho n chnh nh xng, nng cp cc
thit b hin c, lin kt v hp tc vi cc n v trong v ngoi nc khng
ngng nng cao cht lng sn phm, tin ti t tiu chun quc t.
Thng xuyn o to, bi dng cn b, nhn vin c nghip v tay ngh cao,
c k nng lao ng tt. Tng bc tin ti chun ha cn b v nghip v
chuyn mn

1.2. IA IM XY DNG

hnh 1.2. Mt bng cng ty Vissan

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SO

TRA
M
B M

NG

MSSV: 104110006

ON
I G
SA

B
KHU HOA THIE
U

KHU SAN
XUA
T HANG
TRUYE
N THO
NG

N C

IEN
X NG
C KH

KHU BAO QUAN

KHU SAN XUA
T
THT NGUOI

LO
H I

CHUO
NG HEO

BAI XE
KHU GIE
T MO
HA
M PHA
N
PHONG KCS

SA
N TENIS

SO

NG

TH
U

VA
C

CHUO
NG GIA SUC

TRA
M
TIE
P
IEN

CO
NG 2

CO
NG 1

hnh 1.3. Mt bng tng th cng ty Vissan

Nh my c t trn khu t rng 20 ha, bao quanh l h thng sng Si Gn. Cng ty
ni vi ng b N Trang Long, gn quc l 13 tin li cho vic vn chuyn.
a.

Mt bng sn xut

V tr:
- a im xy dng phn xng ca x nghip ch bin ch gi nm trong mt
bng tng th ca nh my. Do c nhiu u im: cch xa khu trung tm th nh ph,
xung quanh khng c bnh vin, ngha trang, khu ha tng, nh my cng nghip hay
bi rc trnh c nguy c nhim t ngun nc v khng kh.
-

c xy dng trn g t cao, vi h thng thot n c tng i ch ng,

hiu qu nn trnh c nguy c ngp lt khi nc sng dng cao.

-

H thng giao thng thun li: x nghip nm khng xa tr ung tm thnh ph nn

vic vn chuyn hng ha rt thun tin d dng.

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C s h tng:
-

C s h tng c xy dng kin c vng chc v khp kn. Nh xng c

xy dng bng nhng vt liu ph hp cho tng phng ch bin, cp ng

-

H thng ng i trong x nghip c trng nha rng cc phng tin

i li d dng.
b.

Xng ch bin sn xut

B tr cc phng ban chc nng:

Cc phng ban c b tr hp l: phng x l, ch bin, to hnh, cp ng u
c sp xp hp l theo mt dy c huyn khp kn m bo khng gy nhim cho cho
sn phm. Gia cc phng u c ca ngn cch v c li i ring dn n tng phng.
Hnh lang, li i:
Phn xng c hnh lang v li i rng gip cho vic vn chuyn nguy n liu
v i li ca cng nhn c thun tin.
Trn nh:
Trn ca phn xng c thit k cao, thng thong, c qut sn mu sng rt
d pht hin bi bn v d dng khi v sinh.
Tng:
Tng c qut sn mu trng. Phn bn di c lt gch men cao 2m, m u
trng, khng thm nc v d dng khi v sinh.
Sn nh:
Sn c lm bng mi nhn, khng qu trn lng, an ton v khng th m nc.
V tr tip xc gia sn v tng c un cong nn khi v sinh rt d dng.
Phng tin v sinh:
- Phng v sinh trong phn xng tng i y : c 2 phng v sinh n v 1
phng v nam, c b tr hp l v thun tin cho cng nhn v thng xuyn c v
sinh sch s.
- Cc thit b v sinh c trang b y v lp t hp l. Mt s ni c gn
thit b t ng trnh nhim bn tr li.
Phng thay v nh ngh:
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- Phng thay : c 2 phng dnh cho n v 1 phng dnh cho nam c trang b
mc treo , gi giy dp hp l.
- Nh ngh c b tr mt khu ring bit, thong mt, rng, thun li cho
vic ngh ngi ca cng nhn.
H thng cung cp nc:
- Ton b khu vc sn xut u c s dng ngun nc thy cc t tiu chun
v cht lng dnh cho ch bin thc phm.
- H thng ng ng dn nc c thit k hp l, m bo nc n c tt
c cc ni.
H thng thot nc:
- H thng thot nc ca phn xng c b tr hp l: mt sn c nghing
gip thot nc nhanh v d dng.
-

ng thot nc c li chn rc nn nc chy bnh thng khng b ngt do

cht thi.
Cu thang, ca ra vo:
- Cu thang b rng, c bc cao va tm, c tay vn v bc thang c nhm tt.
- Cc ca ra vo c lm bng vt liu khng n mn, khng thm nc, c mu
sng v d dng khi v sinh. Ca kn, d dng ng m, thun tin vic di chuyn
nguyn liu cng nh i li ca cng nhn.
H thng chiu sng v thng gi:
- Phn xng c thit k hp l, rng v thong, khng kh lu thng d dng.
- Trong phn xng c trang b y n neon c chiu sng. Ti mi
bng n u c hp bo v an ton. Cc ca s c gn knh trong sut c kh n ng
nhn c c nh sng t nhin t bn ngoi.
c. Phng ch bin, sn xut
Trn:
Trn c lm kin c vng chc bng cc vt liu chng thm, cch nhit nhm
hn ch ngng t m do nhit trong phng lun thp hn nhit bn ngoi.
Tng:
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Cc phng ch bin c qut sn mu sng, lt gch men trng cao 2m, phn tip
gip gia tng v sn c un cong thun tin cho vic v sinh .
Sn:
Sn c lm bng mi, khng thm nc, c nhm an ton v c nghing
thch hp hng v rnh thot nc.
Ca:
- Ca ra vo, ca s, ca tip liu cc ph ng c lm bng vt liu cch nhit,
khung bng nhm, d lm v sinh.
- Ti mi li ra vo ca ca tip liu c thit k cc li nha chn an ton,
trnh s xm nhp ca cn trng.
Trang thit b ch bin:
Cc thit b hu ht c t trong phng phi trn. V tr t my hp l, c khng
gian rng thun li cho hot ng ca cng nhn v v sinh my c d dng.
Dng c cha, xe y:
Cc dng c cha c lm bng vt liu an ton vi thc phm v ngi s dng,
d v sinh.
Xe y c lm bng inox, chc chn, an to n, d dng di chuyn cng nh v
sinh.
Phng tin chiu sng, thng gi:
- H thng n chiu sng trong cc phng ch bin t tiu chun v sng v
an ton.
- Khng gian trong cc phng ch bin rng, thng thong. Thit b cung cp nhit
v tn nhit hot ng tt v an ton.

1.3. TNH HNH TH TRNG TIU TH

S 1.1: h thng phn phi sn phm

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Cng ty

Ca hng
gii thiu
sn phm

H thng
i l

Sn phm
xut khu

Sn phm
tiu th
nh hng,
siu th.

Sn phm
bn l

Th trng trong nc
Mt hng tht ti sng: a s ch phn phi trong TP.HCM v mt s tnh ln cn.
Mt hng hp: gp nhiu cnh tranh t h ng ni n hng ngoi nhp.
Tht ngui v mt hng ch bin truyn thng: tin li, nhanh, gn, hp khu v v m
bo dinh dng cho ngi tiu dng nn bn rt chy.
Th trng xut khu
Trc y cng ty xut khu ch yu sang Nga.
Hin nay cng ty v ang m rng th trng sang cc nc khc nh M, Hn Quc,
i Loan, Singapore, c
Xut khu s lng ln tht heo, b ng lnh.

1.4. S LC V X NGHIP CH BIN KINH DOANH

THC PHM
X nghip c thnh lp vo thng 3-2003, nm gn b sng Si Gn vi din tch
5000 m2, trn c s sp nhp 2 n v l X Nghip Ch Bin v Trm Cung ng.
11-2003 Xng ch gi chnh thc i vo hot ng vi cng sut 4 tn/ng y. Cc mt
hng ch lc: ch gi cc loi, honh thnh, h co ang dn ng vng tr n th
trng v c ngi tiu dng bnh chn l Hng Vit Nam Cht Lng Cao.

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Nhm tha mn nhu cu ngy cng cao ca khch hng, x nghip xy dng nh
xng ph hp vi yu cu GMP, thng xuyn o to cn b, ci tin h thng qun l
ISO 9001:2000.
1.4.1. Chc nng, nhim v ca x nghip.

Cn c vo quyt nh 108/QUB ca U ban nhn dn thnh ph v vic thnh lp X

nghip ch bin kinh doanh thc phm c nhng chc n ng v nhim v sau:
Chc nng:
- Trong c ch th trng m rng th trng tiu th th cht lng sn phm
l yu t quyt nh s tn ti ca x nghip. Chnh v th m x nghip khng ngng
ci tin mu m, nng cao cht lng sn phm.
- X nghip tng bc hon thin cc nh mc kinh t k thut, ng thi x
nghip cng a vo yu t thi v xy dng k hoch sn xut nhm khng gy nh
hng n cht lng sn phm v nh gi thnh hp l.
- X nghip tng bc m rng th trng trong v ngoi nc nhm cung cp
cho th trng nhng sn phm thit yu v m bo an ton cht lng.
Nhim v:
- Kinh doanh ng ngnh ngh ng k.
-

Hon thin c v cht lng sn phm ln cc k hoch cung cp h ng ha do

nh nc giao.
- Hon thin k hoch hot ng hng nm.
-

Thc hin ng ch k ton, bo tn tng vn v thc hin ngha v i vi

nh nc.
-

Thc hin v phn phi theo lao ng nhm chm lo i sng vt cht v vn

ha, nng cao trnh cho cng nhn vin.

1.4.2. B my t chc cng ty

S 1.2: b my t chc cng ty

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S 1.3: khu sn xut

11
15

10
3
12
2
1

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14

5
13

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Ch thch
1. Ban gim c
2. Phng iu hnh sn xut
3. Phng v sinh
4. Phng thay
5. Phng r ng
6. Phng gt nguyn liu
7. Phng ra, ct nguyn liu
8. Phng chun b v (h co)
9. Phng tr liu (bt h co)
10. Phng phi trn nhn
11. Khu ra tay
12. Phng nh hnh
13. Phng v sinh dng c
14. Phng ghp m bao b
15. Phng cha bnh trng
Gim c:
L ngi t chc iu hnh mi hot ng ca x nghip, thc hin quyn hn theo
quy nh ca nh nc, thc hin ch th trng v lm vic theo nguyn tc tp
trung dn ch. Chu trch nhim trc gim c cng ty VISSAN v nh nc v mi
hot ng sn xut kinh doanh ca x nghip.
Cc phng ban chc nng:
-

Phng t chc hnh chnh: thc hin cc ch chnh sch, thanh tra, bo v

vn chuyn phc v sn xut kinh doanh.

- Phng k ton ti v: c nhim v k ton tng hp, t chc lao ng tin lng.
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- Phng kinh doanh: c nhi m v iu sn xut, nghin cu mu m nhm a

dng ha cc mt hng. T chc mng li tiu th, thc hin chc nng lu thng phn
phi hng ha trn c s cn i gia nhu cu th trng v iu kin sn xut ch bin
ca x nghip v qun l kho hng.
- Phng k thut KCS: vi nhim v kim tra qun l cht l ng sn phm t
khu cung cp nguyn vt liu n sn xut ra thnh phm.
S 1.4: t chc v b tr nhn s ca x nghip
Gim c

Phng t
chc hnh
chnh

Phng kinh
doanh

Phng k
ton

Phng K
Thut KCS

Th
qu

Bo
v

C
in

nhim
v

Bn

Nguyn
liu

Kho

Tip
th

Ph
liu

T
KCS

T ch
gi

Phi ch
bao b

1.5. CHNG NHN CHT LNG:

Chng ch ISO/IEC 17025.
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T lp
xung

T bnh
trng

nh
hnh

T tht
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Chng ch qun l cht lng theo tiu chun quc t ISO 9001:2000.
Chng nhn tiu chun v sinh an ton thc phm HACCP.
Lin tc nhiu nm lin c Ngi Tiu Dng bnh chn l Hng Vit Nam Cht
Lng Cao (lin tc t nm 1997 n nay) do Bo i o n Kt t chc.
L mt trong 100 thng hiu mnh ca c nc do Tp ch Sign Tip Th iu tra
cng b.
Hu ht hn 100 sn phm VISSAN u t cc cp Vng, Bc, Huy Chng Hi ch,
Hi thi Thc phm.

1.6. MT S SN PHM

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SVTT: Phm Ngc T Anh

MSSV: 104110006

Chng 2: QUY TRNH SN XUT CH GI

2.1. NGUYN LIU:
Tht, m
Tm, cua
Sn, mn, c rt
Gia v
Nm mo, bn tu
Bnh trng, ph liu.
2.1.1. Tht
Tht nc c ly phn bng, mng, i, vai
T l nc/m: 1/5 ( qua ng lnh).
Bng 2.1: Thnh phn dinh dng trong 100g tht heo:
Tht heo

Hm lng (g/100g)
Nc

Protein

Lipit

Gluxit

Tro

Bo

47,8

14,5

37,0

0,20

0,52

Trung bnh

56,8

17,0

25,3

0,30

0,60

Gy

20,3

20,3

5,80

0,40

0,52

Cc yu t nh hng n cht lng tht

Cc yu t sng
iu kin nui dng
Tui git tht
Gii tnh
Ging loi
Vn chuyn
Bo qun trc khi git m
Yu t git m
Ngoi ra phm cht tht cn ph thuc vo sc khe ca gia sc trc khi git
m, mi trng xung quanh
S bin i t phn ca tht sau khi git m
Do s phn gii ca cc enzim, tht din ra nhng bin i sau:

Bo co thc tp

- 21 -

GVHD: Phm Th Hi Qunh

SVTT: Phm Ngc T Anh

MSSV: 104110006

Gim pH
B r nc, mt mu
Mi, v thay i
C mt tnh n hi.
Trn thc t ngi ta chia qu trnh bin i t phn lm 4 giai on:
1) Trc t cng (co git)
2) Cht cng
3) Chn ti
4) Phn hy
a) Cc dng h hng ca tht
S nhim vi sinh vt (VSV) l nguyn nhn lm tht h hng.
Cc dng h hng:
Thi ra
Mc
Ha nhy b mt
Ln men chua
Hnh thnh vt mu.
b) Cc bin i ca tht sau khi lnh ng
Tht sau khi git m, pha lc c ua vo phng cp ng (t o= -30 -40oc) trong
8 10h ty loi v kch thc nguyn liu. y dng phng php ng lnh nhanh
sn phm c tinh th nh v u, kch thc b, khng ph hy cu trc t bo. V
vy c th gi c 95% phm cht ti nguyn ca tht.
Sau tht c em tr ng (t o= -18oc), c th tr ng n 6 thng t y tnh
hnh sn xut.
Do nhit lm lnh ng ca tht khong -15o -20oc thp hn nhit ng
c ca dch hot nn tht b cng li (nc trong t bo b ng bng) v nng cc
cht ha tan tng ln 10 ln. Protein b bin tnh mnh m do lc ion tng v pH thay i
dn n kh nng gi nc gim.
Lnh ng c th lm thit hi cu trc t bo. Nu lnh ng chm s to tinh
th ln, s chnh lch p sut khin nc di chuyn t ni bo ra ngoi bo, lc ion
trong ni bo tng, cui cng t bo b teo nguyn sinh v protein b bin tnh.
c) Cc bin i ca tht trong giai on tan g i

Bo co thc tp

- 22 -

GVHD: Phm Th Hi Qunh

SVTT: Phm Ngc T Anh

MSSV: 104110006

Tht lnh ng trc khi s dng phi a vo phng r ng r ng t nhin.

Nhit tht tng dn ln v khng kh trong phng lun phin tch c c. Do s chnh
lch nhit , cc tinh th tan ra mang theo mt s cht dinh d ng tan trong nc,
dn n hao ht v dinh d ng v khi lng (t).
Tht tan gi l mi trng tt cho VSV pht trin. hn ch phi em tht ch
bin ngay. Tht tan gi khng l m lnh ng tr li.
Yu cu k thut ca tht sau qu tr nh tan gi:
Tht phi p ng quy nh ca nh nc theo TCVN.
Trn thc t thng dng phng php cm quan l chnh do trc tht
c kim tra theo mt quy tr nh rt nghim ngt.
Bng 2.2: TCVN 7047: 2002 v tht heo ng lnh
Tn ch tiu

Yu cu k thut

Cm quan
Trng thi lnh ng
Trng thi bn ngoi

Lnh, ng cng, dnh tay, b mt kh,

g c ting vang, cho php c t tuyt
trn b mt

Mu sc

Hng ti c trng

Trng thi sau r ng

Trng thi bn ngoi

n hi, b mt khng b nht, khng

dnh tp cht l

Mu sc

Hng m n ti c trng

Mi

Thm t nhin c trng, khng mi l

Ch tiu ha - l
ph

5,5 6,2

Phn ng nh hnh H2S

m tnh

Hm lng NH 3

35

Nc luc tht khi phn ng cuso 4

Cho php hi c

D lng cc kim loi nng

Tn ch tiu

Gii hn ti a (mg/kg)

Pb

0,5

Cd

0,05

Bo co thc tp

- 23 -

GVHD: Phm Th Hi Qunh

SVTT: Phm Ngc T Anh

Hg

MSSV: 104110006

0,03

Ch tiu VSV (trong 1g)

Tng s VSV hiu kh

106

Ecoli

102

Coliforms

102

Samonella

B. Cereus

102

Staphylococcus aureus

102

Clostridium botulium

Clostridium perfringens

10

2.1.2. Tm.
Bng 2.3: thnh phn ha hc ca tm (% tnh theo trng l ng tm)
Thnh phn

Tr s ti thiu

Tr s ti a

Nc

76

79

Protid

12

20

Lipid

0.3

0.3

Ca

2.9

3.3

6.76

Fe

1.2

5.4

Na

1.1

1.27

1.27

3.65

Tm trc khi tip nhn hay nhp kho phi t cc tiu chun sau:
Tm khng c mi n d l n nh .
Tm khng c im en trn thn hoc nu c th khng qu 3 vt en. Mi vt
khng qu 1.5mm v khng n su vo th t.
Vnh bng cho php en nht.
Tm khng b b v hoc nu c th ch chp nhn 3% trn tng s. V tm cho
php mm nhng khng b bong trc ra khi thn tm v c mu t nhin, sng
bng.
Tht tm c mu sc c trng v sn chc.
Bo co thc tp

- 24 -

GVHD: Phm Th Hi Qunh

SVTT: Phm Ngc T Anh

MSSV: 104110006

Tm c u dnh cht vo thn tm khng b dp nt.

Ch tiu vi sinh ca tm:
Bng 2.4. Ch tiu vi sinh ca tm (TCVN 5289 1992)
Tn ch tiu
Gii hn ti a
Tng s vi sinh vt hiu kh (trong 1g)

< 106

Coliforms (trong 1g)

< 2.102

Staphilococus aureus (trong 1g)

< 102

Samonella (trong 25g sn phm)

Khng c

Shigella

Khng c

E.coli

Khng c

2.1.3. C sn
Bng 2.5: thnh phn ha hc ca c sn
Thnh phn

Sn vng (%)

Sn trng (%)

Nc

63,18

91,80

Tinh bt

34,20

32,90

m ton phn

0,61

0,13

Cht bo

0,20

0,21

Cht khong

0,50

0,83

Vitamin B 1

31g

58g

Vitamin B 2

75g

75g

Cm quan:
Sch, kh ro, nguyn vn, khng ln tp cht l
Thng chn c > 100g
D lng thuc tr su v ch tiu vsv: theo quy nh ca b y t (BYT).
2.1.4. Khoai mn
Trong 100g khoai mn ch a:
Protein: 1,8g
Lipit: 0,1g
Glucid: 26,5g

Bo co thc tp

- 25 -

GVHD: Phm Th Hi Qunh

SVTT: Phm Ngc T Anh

MSSV: 104110006

Cenllulose: 1,2g
Tro: 1,4g
Fe: 1,5mg
Cai: 64mg
P: 75mg
Carotene: 0,02mg
Vitamin c: 4g
Vitamin b 1: 0,06mg
Vitamin b 2: 0,03mg
Vitamin pp: 0,1mg

Yu cu k thut ging c sn.

2.1.5. Nm mo
Bng 2.6. thnh phn ha hc ca nm mo
Thnh phn (%)

Nm mo
Ti

Kh

87,1

13,0

Protein

7,7

,97

Lipid

0,8

1,2

Cacbonhydrat

87,6

84,2

Si

14,0

9,1

Tro

3,9

6,7

Hm lng cc acid amin khng thay th kh cao nh Leucin, Lisine, ring

vitamin b 2 gp 10 ln go, bt m v cc loi rau khc, gp 3 5 ln tht. Cht khong
cng gp 4 10 ln so vi cc loi rau. H m lng Fe cao gp 100 ln so vi tht.
Nm mo thng c s dng ngay, nu khng phi bo qun lnh nhit
thch hp phc v sn xut.
Yu cu k thut
Dng khi, kh, ng knh > 3cm.
Sau khi ngm: n u tai nm, dn.
Mu nu n nu sm.
Khng c mi v l.
Khng c tp cht l, su mt
Bo co thc tp

- 26 -

GVHD: Phm Th Hi Qunh

SVTT: Phm Ngc T Anh

MSSV: 104110006

2.1.6. C rt
Trong 100g c rt cha:
Protein: 1,5%
Glucid: 8,8%
Yu cu k thut: ging sn, mn.
2.1.7. Nc
Tc dng:
Thoa bnh trng, vt nc ct da
Ra nguyn liu
Gi m cho sn phm.
Ngun nc phi c kim tra m bo cc ch ti u sinh hc v ha hc.
2.1.8. Bt nng
C tc dng lm kt dnh.
Cm quan
Bt mn, khng vn cc
Mu trng n trng ng
Mi thm c trng
Khng cha borat
Khng ln tp cht l..
2.1.9. Bnh trng
Trong 100g bnh trng ch a:
Nng lng: 342 kcal
Protein: 4g
Lipit: 0,2g
Glucid: 78,9g
Tro: 1,4g
Cenllulose: 0,5g
Canxi: 20mg
Phosphor: 6,5mg
Cm quan

Bo co thc tp

- 27 -

GVHD: Phm Th Hi Qunh

SVTT: Phm Ngc T Anh

MSSV: 104110006

Mu trng c hoc trng ng

Khng mi l
Khng c m hoc vt l dnh trn bnh
Nguyn vn, khng rch.
2.1.10. Bn tu, min
Cm quan
Si kh, khng gy vn
Sau khi ngm: dai, khng nh n hoc b
Mu trng n trng ng
Khng c mi l.
2.1.11. u xanh
Yu cu k thut
Ht kh, nguyn vn
Khng c tp cht.
2.1.12. C hnh tm
Bng 2.7. Thnh phn ha hc ca hnh tm
Thnh phn ha hc ca c hnh ti (%)
Nc Protid Glucid Cellulos Tro Ca
70,1

1,1

3,6

0,5

0,5

Vitamin(%)
Mg

Fe

Caroten B1

24,5 37,2 0,5 0,02

B2

PP

0,02 0,03 0,15 7,1

Yu cu k thut
bc sch v ngoi, c bc trong ti li, khng b ng, dp
Khng ln tp cht v c, cho php ln t v ngoi (< 2% khi lng).
2.1.13. Ti: Yu cu k thut ging hnh tm.
2.1.14. Gia v
a. Mui
Va c tc dng to v, va st khun nh (do l m thay i p sut thm thu).
Yu cu k thut
Do mui c thnh phn ha hc khng n nh, d ht m n n trong qu
trnh bo qun cn kim tra xem th nh phn nacl c t yu cu sn xut hay
khng.
b. Tiu
Bo co thc tp

- 28 -

GVHD: Phm Th Hi Qunh

SVTT: Phm Ngc T Anh

MSSV: 104110006

To hng v thm ngon cho sn phm.

Yu cu k thut (i vi bt tiu en v trng)
Ti, mn, kh, khng ln tp cht
Ty loi m tiu c mu vng ng ho c xm
V cay nng t nhin, mi thm c trng
Khng c nm mc, su mt.
c. Bt ngt: l cht iu v
Yu cu k thut
Mn, khng vn cc,d tan trong n c mi c trng, khng ln chua
V ngt c trng.
d. ng
Chc nng: cung cp nng l ng, to v ngt, lm du mn.
Yu cu k thut
Dng tinh th, ng u, t i, khng vn cc
V ngt, khng mi l
Mu trng ng nh, dich pha vi n c ct phi trong sut.
2.1.15. Ph liu
Cm va xay
Nc thoa bnh trng
H dn
Bao b.

Bo co thc tp

- 29 -

GVHD: Phm Th Hi Qunh

SVTT: Phm Ngc T Anh

MSSV: 104110006

2.2. QUI TRNH CNG NGH SN XUT CH GI

2.2.1. Quy trnh sn xut
Nng sn

Tht, m

Tm

Nm, Bn

s ch

r ng

r ng

ngm

ngm

ra

ra

ra

ra

xay

xay

xay

xo
xay

ct si

li tm

bnh trng

phi trn

gia v

nh hnh

ph liu

bao gi

p m

cp ng

Sn phm

Bo co thc tp

- 30 -

GVHD: Phm Th Hi Qunh

SVTT: Phm Ngc T Anh

MSSV: 104110006

2.2.2. Thuyt minh quy trnh

1. Tip nhn nguyn liu
Mc ch: kim tra tiu chun v sinh an ton thc phm ca nguyn liu nh
gi v c k hoch mua nguyn liu cho ph hp.
Tht phi qua kim nh ca c quan th y.
Nhn vin KCS s kim tra bng cm quan. Sau tht c ra bng nc sch,
ng khun (12kg), v bao (2 khun) em c p ng -25oC t 12 15h. Phn loi nc
ring, m ring.
Tm cng c phn loi trc khi cp ng.
Nng sn, nm mo, bn tu, gia v c kim tra trc khi a vo sn xut.
2. R ng
Mc ch: a nhit nguyn liu n nhit thch hp mt cch t nhi n,
gip qu trnh xay d dng hn.
Tht, tm, cua c r ng 18oc trong 16h v phi t trn k, khng di
t nhm nhim tp cht, VSV. T y loi m nhit r ng khc nhau:
Tht: < 10 oC
M: < 16 oC
Gh: < 20 oC
Yu cu:
Tn tht dch bo t nht
Tn tht khi lng t nht
m bo an ton v sinh cao nht
Thi gian ngn.
3. Ngm
Mc ch: loi tp cht, bi bn, lm n nguyn liu (nu c). Nm mo, bn tu
c ngm trong 15 18h cho n, mm chun b cho cng on tip theo.
100g nm mo sau khi ngm s c 400g nm mo t.
4. Ra
Mc ch: lm sch ht tp cht, vsv bm tr n nguyn liu.
Dng c, thit b ra phi c v sinh kh trng sch s.
Tht, m, tm: sau khi r ng s ra trong bn inox, khng c qu tr nh ngm.

Bo co thc tp

- 31 -

GVHD: Phm Th Hi Qunh

SVTT: Phm Ngc T Anh

MSSV: 104110006

Khoai mn sau khi c lm sch bng my ra c, dng dao loi b cc phn h

cn st li, ra li bng nc sch trc khi cht nh.
Sn: lt sch v, ra bng n c sch ri ra li bng n c chlorine 50ppm.
Hnh ti: bc sch v, ngm ra bng n c sch 3 ln ri ro ch em i xay.
Nm mo, bn tu: ngm ra bng nc sch cho trng n t yu cu (thi
gian ngm 15 18 gi). Sau ra li bng nc sch ri ro.
5. Xay
Mc ch: lm nhuyn nguyn liu n mc yu cu, gip qu trnh phi trn
ng u hn, nh hnh d dng v p hn.
Tht heo, tm: c em i xay vi kch c a 10mm.
Khoai mn: mt phn khoai mn a vo my thi si nh, kch thc: di: 35cm, rng: 1cm; phn cn li em i xay t kch th c 1 2mm. Nm mo, bn tu: sau
khi ngm cho trng n em xay t kch thc 1 10mm.
Hnh c, ti: sau khi bc v, ra sch s em xay nh t kch thc 1 2mm..
Ring trong thnh phn sn c cha nhiu nc do sau khi xay xong cn thc
hin ly tm tch nc.Vic tch nc s lm cho khi nhn cht ch hn v thun li
cho qu trnh bo qun. Thc hin vi my li tm loi nh thu c 60 65kg/ 3 pht.
6. Xo
Mc ch: lm chin nguyn liu,tiu dit Vsv, to hng thm c trng ca tm.
Khi lng xo khong 10kg, nhit du xo 70 0C, thi gian xo 2-3 pht. Sau
khi xo ngui n khong 20 0C, ch phi trn . Khi tm xo phi ng nht, khng
b kht.
Xo xong lm ngui bng qut t o < 20oC.
7. Phi trn
Mc ch: to khi nhn ng
nht, kt dnh, c hng v nh mong
mun.
Trn theo cng thc tnh ton,
cn o trong 2 3 pht, nhn sau khi
trn phi c t o < 18 oC ri phn phi cho
khu nh hnh. Thi gian phn phi <
pht nhm trnh nhim VSV.

Bo co thc tp

- 32 -

30

GVHD: Phm Th Hi Qunh

SVTT: Phm Ngc T Anh

Bng 2.8. thnh phn phi trn

Nguyn liu

Khi lng (kg)

Tht heo

Tm

Gh

1,5

2,5

Tm kh

0,5

Sn

5,0

Khoai mn

5,0

Nm mo

0,3

Bn tu

0,2

Hnh

1,5

Ti

0,5

ng

2,4

Bt ngt

0,5

Tiu

0,1

Bnh trng

9,0

Tng cng

35

8. nh hnh
Mc ch: to hnh dng mong
mun cho sn phm.
K thut cun ch gi thng:
Lm mm bnh trng bng nc da,
trnh lm rch bnh, nu b rch phi
loi b.
Ct bnh trng 1/4
Gp 2 cnh vo song song
vi nhau, 2 mi bnh giao
nhau
t nhn ni giao nhau ca 2 u bnh
Gp 2 cnh song song 1 ln na.

Bo co thc tp

- 33 -

MSSV: 104110006

GVHD: Phm Th Hi Qunh

SVTT: Phm Ngc T Anh

MSSV: 104110006

Cun bnh vo nhn ri dn h.

Cn nh lng: nhm thng k tnh ton, phi trn chnh xc, nh h nh to khi lng
sn phm nh mong mun. Cn khi lng theo yu cu nh ghi trn bao b sn
phm: 30 ci/bao 500g.
9. Bao gi PE
Mc ch: Ch gi sau khi cun xong c chuyn n v tr v bao. Cng on v bao
gip bo v sn phm khi tc ng c hc, tp cht, VSV, thun li cho vic bo qun
v phn phi.
Sp xp th t tng ci, s lng ri a nh nhng vo bao, trnh y p
mnh lm bin dng, h hng sn phm..
Bao b phi m bo ng theo TCVN.
p m: hon chnh hnh dng cui cng ca bao b.
S dng my p vi t o = 250oC, to mp kn, thng, lin mch.

10. Cp ng
Mc ch: bo qun sn phm, ngn nga s ph hy ca vsv n mc thp nht,
gip gi sn phm lu hn v y tnh cht ban u.
T 3h, t o phng < -20oC, to = -40oC -20oC.
to tm sn phm = -18oC.
Do nc trong sn phm b ng bng nhit thp n n VSV b tiu dit hay
c ch.
Tc lm lnh ph thuc vo:
c tnh v kch thc nguyn liu
Tnh cht nguyn liu
Bo co thc tp

- 34 -

GVHD: Phm Th Hi Qunh

SVTT: Phm Ngc T Anh

MSSV: 104110006

Lng nhit cn ly khi nguyn liu

Phng php trao i nhit.
Qu trnh lm lnh ng c 3 giai on
Lm lnh n im ng bng
ng bng im bng
Tip tc lnh ng vi nhit bo qun lnh ng.
ng thng, tr ng
Sau khi cp ng th ng thng sn phm. S dng thng carton ghi thng tin,
nhn ng theo quy nh. Phn loi sn phm theo tng loi v thi gian.
Cui cng l phn phi sn phm n tay ngi tiu dng.

2.3. BAO B
Gii thiu chung:
- Ngy nay bao b tr nn rt quan trng i vi hng ha ni chung v thc phm
ni ring. Bao b l vt liu dng bao gi sn phm gip bo v sn phm khng b
tc ng bi cc yu t bn ngoi gy h hng sn phm.
- Trong sn xut ch bin thc phm th ng s dng cc loi bao b tip xc trc
tip vi thc phm: bao b thy tinh thng dng cho cc sn phm nc gii kht, bia,
ru , bao b kim loi dng cho sn phm hp v bao b lm t cht do dng
bao gi rt nhiu loi sn phm. Bao b mang li rt nhiu li ch:
Bo v nguyn trng thc phm cha bn trong, lm gim n mc thp nht
h hng c th xy ra khi vn chuyn.
To thun li khi thc hin mt s cng on k thut sau khi sn phm c
a vo bn trong bao b.
Thun li cho qu trnh bo qun, vn chuyn sn phm.
Bo v sn phm khng b tp cht, vi sinh vt xm nhp v pht trin.
Bao b cn c chc nng d dng in n, trnh by hnh nh bt mt th hin
c c y thng tin v sn phm gip ng i tiu dng d dng la chn sn
phm.
Bao b cng l ni qung co sn phm tt nht, khng nh c thng
hiu cho cng ty.
Bao b PE (Polyethylene):
Bao b PE l loi bao b c tnh nng do dai, chu nhit tt thun tin cho vic thc
hin cc cng on k thut v bo v sn phm trnh nhng tc ng bn ngoi.

Bo co thc tp

- 35 -

GVHD: Phm Th Hi Qunh

SVTT: Phm Ngc T Anh

MSSV: 104110006

u im ca bao b PE:
- Tnh chng thm nc v hi nc tt.
- Chng thm cht bo, cht kh v hng tt.
-

bn c hc cao.

- D dng hn ghp m.
- Chu nhit tt.
- Kh nng in n tt.
Nhc im ca bao b PE
- PE c tnh chng thm oxy km nn khng dng lm bao b ch ng xy ha.
Mt s ch tiu ca bao b PE:
- Lc bn ko cng: 100 200kg/cm 2.
- Lc bn x rch cao, c nh h ng n mc ch s dng ca nhiu loi bao b .
Ga tr ny cho bit kh nng ng dng ca cc mng mng khi vn hnh mt vi thit
b.
- PE c lc bn hn nhit rt cao.
- Mc hn rt tt khi chu nhit thp, thch hp cho bao b thc phm ng
lnh. Ngoi ra bao b PE c tnh n nh, c kh nng chu c nhit cao.
- n nh kch thc: PE khng b co gin khi m tng i xung quanh
bao b thay i.
- trt: l tnh ma st xut hin khi mng nha PE tip xc vi mt b phn
thit b no . PE c 3 trt:
trt cao vi h s: 0,1 0,3.
trt trung bnh vi h s: 0,3 0,5.
trt thp vi h s: > 0,5.
- bng, m: l nhng tnh cht rt quan trng i vi bao b nha do, v
mt cm quan i hi bao b trong sut phi c b mt bng v sng.

2.4. CC LOI DNG C V MY MC DNG TRONG CH

BIN
1) Dng c:
a. R nha, khay nha
- c lm bng nha cng, chc chn, an to n, khng thm nc, khng nh
hng n thc phm v d dng vn chuyn.
- R v khay thng xuyn c v sinh sch s sau mi ca sn xut.
Bo co thc tp

- 36 -

GVHD: Phm Th Hi Qunh

SVTT: Phm Ngc T Anh

MSSV: 104110006

- Dng cha ng nguyn liu sau khi c x l.

b. Thau nha
- Thau c lm bng nha sch, an ton. Thau c kch thc va phi thun tin
khi vn chuyn v trong tnh trng s dng tt, khng b h hng, c v sinh hng
ngy.
- Dng cha nguyn liu, nhn sau khi phi trn.
c. Xe y
- c lm bng Inox, an ton, chc chn, cu to n gin, chu ti trng ln v
b mt trn lng d dng v sinh.
- Xe trong tnh trng s dng tt, thng xuyn c v sinh.
- Dng vn chuyn nguyn liu, bn thnh phm.
d. Khay kim loi
- Khay c lm bng thp hoc Inox, vi b mt nhn khng gy try s c cho
sn phm, d dng v sinh v vn chuyn.
- Khay khng b g st, bin dng, s dng tt v c v sinh ngay sau khi s
dng.
- Dng cha ng sn phm em i tr ng.
2) Thit b dng trong ch bin
a. My xay
My xay tht
S dng my xay th Mincer.
Cu to ca my gm:
-

Morto

Dy cuaro

Pulis

Ca nhp liu

Ca tho liu

Dao 4 li(dao ct)

Tm sng ca tho liu (v chn)

Hnh 3.5. My xay tht Mincer

- Trc chuyn
- My c cc kch c a khc nhau (8mm, 10mm ) c th thay i cho tng
nguyn liu.
Bo co thc tp

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SVTT: Phm Ngc T Anh

MSSV: 104110006

- My trong tnh trng hat ng tt, thng xuyn c bo tr v v sinh ngay

sau khi lm vic
Nguyn tc hot ng ca my:
- Khi motor quay qua pulis v dy cuaro truy n ng cho trc vt, nguyn liu
c np vo ca nhp liu. Trc quay va y
nguyn liu va nghin do bc vt gim dn y st nguyn liu vo thnh my.
- Trong qu trnh nghin, ca tho liu
kn. Tht dn c nghin nh do lc ct v
va p vo thnh my, a ra ngoi v d ng
hng.

ng
lc
thau

My xay hnh, ti, sn:

Cu to ca my gm:
-

Motor

Vt ti(trc xon)

Dy cuaro

Pulis

Ca nhp liu

Ca thot liu

Dao 4 li (dao ct)

Tm sng ca tho liu (v chn )

Trc chuyn

Hnh 3.

Nguyn tc hot ng:

Khi motor quay qua pulis v dy cuaro try n ng cho trc vt.Nguy n liu c
np vo ca nhp liu, trc vt quay v y nguyn liu n dao ct. Mt khc, trc vt
quay ko theo dao ct quay v ct nguyn liu nh dn vi va vi cc l tr n mt sng
(c ng knh l 0.4cm). Nguyn liu dn c a ra ngoi theo chiu vn hnh ca
trc v c thau hng.
b. My ly tm

Bo co thc tp

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SVTT: Phm Ngc T Anh

MSSV: 104110006

Hnh 3.7. My ly tm
Cu to ca my gm:
-

Bung ly tm.

Mng hng.

L xo gim chn.

Gi my.

Ct my.

Kch c a : 8mm.

Nguyn tc hot ng ca my
- Sau khi m cng tc, motor quay truyn chuyn ng sang ct my thng qua
dy cuaro. Vn tc quay ca my 500 600 vng/pht
- Do ct my gn lin vi bung ly tm n n khi ct my chuyn ng dn n
bung ly tm cng chuyn ng theo.
- Do lc ly tm lm cho phn t rn (sn qua my xay) bn vo thnh bung
ly tm, cn cc phn t lng (nc t do) c thot ra bung ly tm thng qua cc l
nh trn thnh i ra mng hng ri i ra ngoi.
c.

My trn
Cu to ca my gm:
-

ng c in.

B iu khin cnh khuy.

Thit b nng h khung gi ni cha liu.

Bo co thc tp

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Cnh khuy.

Ni cha liu.

Khung gi ni cha liu.

SVTT: Phm Ngc T Anh

MSSV: 104110006

Nguyn tc hot ng:

- Khi ng c chy qua b phn pulis v bnh ai truyn ng cho hp s (to
nn 4 tc quay khc nhau) v truyn qua cp bnh rng truyn ng cho cnh khuy.
ng thi cnh khuy c t lch tm so vi a to n n chuyn ng quay ngc
chiu vi cnh khuy. Nh chuyn ng quay n y m nguyn liu trong ni c trn
u.
- Khi quay tay quay truyn chuyn ng qua trc thng ng v nh cc ren trn
trc lm cho b khung gi ni nng ln h xung. Do nguyn liu sau khi trn xong
c ly ra d dng hn.
Chc nng ca my
Dng lc quay ca cnh khuy o trn u tt c nguy n liu thnh mt hn hp
ng nht. Cng sut trn 150kg/m trong 2 3 pht.
d. My p m
- My hot ng bng cch gia nhit cho hai thanh kim loi to ra nhit cao p
hai m bao b dnh cht vi nhau, m bo kn ca bao b , trnh s tc ng ca cc
yu t bn ngoi gy h hng sn phm.
- My c th iu chnh c nhit p (150 2200C) ph hp vi tng loi
bao b khc nhau.
- My hot ng tt, thng xuyn c kim tra ch lm vic ca my m
bo nhit ghp ng yu cu.

2.5. NH GI CHT LNG SN PHM

1) Ch tiu cm quan
Mu sc
- Sn phm sng: c mu trng c ca bnh trng.
- Sn phm chn: c mu vng ti, c trng ca sn phm.
M
- Sn phm sng: c mi c trng ca cc nguyn liu, gia v, khng c mi l.
- Sau khi chin chn: sn phm c mi thm c trng, khng c mi i chua, mi
v l.
V
- Sn phm c v ngt, mn va phi, khng c v l.
Bo co thc tp

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SVTT: Phm Ngc T Anh

MSSV: 104110006

Trng thi
- Sn phm hnh tr trn, kch thc tng i ng u, chiu di: 4cm, ng
knh: 1,5 1,6 cm.
- Cc cun Ch gi sau khi cun xong u cht, khng b h u, rch bnh trng.
- Sn phm sau khi chin: v bnh n u, xp gin, cun khng b h, rch.
2) Ch tiu ha l
Bng 2.9: Ch tiu ha l ca sn phm.
Cc ch tiu

Yu cu

1. Khi l ng tnh tnh bng g

500g/gi

2. pH

5,5 6,6

3. Hm lng protit tnh trn % khi 4,5

lng khng nh hn.
45

4. Hm lng NH 3

5. Hm lng NaCl, tnh trn % khi 0,5 1,5

lng.
6. Phn ng Eber v HS nh tnh.

m tnh

7. Hm lng kim loi nng (mg/kg):

- As

0,1

- Pb

0,2

- Hg

0,05

- Sn

250
3) Ch tiu vi sinh

Bng 2.10. Ch tiu vi sinh ca sn phm.

Tn ch tiu

Mc

1. Tng s vi sinh vt hiu kh (khun 106

lc/g).
102

2. E.coli (khun lc/g)

3. Staphylococcus aureus (khun lc/g) 102

Bo co thc tp

4. Samonella (khun lc/25g)

m tnh

5. Bacellus cereus (khun lc/g)

102

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SVTT: Phm Ngc T Anh

MSSV: 104110006

Chng 3: QUY TRNH SN XUT H CO

3.1. NGUYN LIU
3.1.1. Nhn:
1. Tht nguyn liu chnh:
Trong khu phn thc n hng ngy ca con ngi, tht v cc sn phm ch bin
t tht ng vai tr ht sc quan trng, cung cp mt l ng ln cht dinh dng thit yu
cho con ngi. Thnh phn ha hc ch yu ca tht: protein, lipid, khong, vitamin.
c bit protein ca tht l protein han thin, cha y cc axit amin cn thit.
Da vo gi tr s dng ca tht trong thc phm ng i ta chia thnh cc loi m
c, m m, m lin kt, m xng v mu.
Bng 3.1: Thnh phn cc m trong tht ng vt
Tn cc m

Heo

M c (%)

57-62

40-58

M m

3-16

15-40

M lin kt

9-12

6-8

M xng, sn

17-29

8-18

M mu

4-5

7.5-8

Bng 3.2: Thnh phn dinh dng ca tht heo:

Tht heo

Hm lng (g/100g)
Nc

Protein

Lipid

Glucid

Tro

73

19

Cc yu t nh hng n cht lng tht:

Cc yu t sng:
iu kin nui dng: gia sc n thc n xanh n iu s nh hng n mu
sc tht, m thng hay vng nht, tht v m t. Thc n giu carotene v cc hp cht
mu vng nh: xentofin flavin lm cho th t c mu vng.
Tui git tht: thnh phn cu to ca tht thay i theo tui con vt. T l n c
tht gia sc non nhiu hn so vi con gi. Tht nhng con ang pht trin cha t l nc
cao hn, tht gia sc gi thng dai, c mu sc khng thch hp. Tht gia sc non
thng km, nho v kh bo qun.
Gii tnh: trong cng iu kin nui dng v cng tui th phm cht tht con
c v ci khc nhau, con ci n tui thnh thc c khuynh hng tch ly m nhiu
hn con c. Phn nhiu th con c chc hn.

Bo co thc tp

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SVTT: Phm Ngc T Anh

MSSV: 104110006

Ging loi: cc loi ging khc nhau th s cho cht lng tht khc nhau.
Vn chuyn: trnh tc dng ca mi tr ng lm cho vt hong s, s cng thn g
thn kinh gy tiu hao cc cht d tr nng lng v sinh nhiu cht thi trong tht.
Bo qun: sau qu trnh vn chuyn con vt cn phi ngh ng i phc hi sc
khe. Trc khi git m phi con vt nhn n nhm gim st s trao i cht tht v
ng tiu ha, gip cho s thi b cht thi, to iu kin cho vic tch v lm sch ni
tng. Ty theo gia sc m thi gian nhn n khc nhau, thng th ng heo 4-8 gi, tru b
10-20 gi.
Git m: nu thi gian ly mu d i, tim suy yu, mu s ngng chy, tht b thm
v c mi v xu. Ngoi nhng yu t trn phm cht tht gia sc cn ph thuc vo:
bnh l v cc thuc iu tr bnh, cc ha cht l c sn trong thc n v mi trng.
Phn loi tht: cc yu t nh tr s pH, hm lng nc, s lng vi sinh vt, nhit
bo qun u c nh h ng n cht lng tht. Tht c chia thnh 3 dng sau:
Tht bnh thng:
Tr s pH = 5.6-6.2 thu c trn th ngh ngi trc khi git m v khng b
stress trong sut qu trnh h tht. Tht c pH bnh thng dnh cho th trng tht ti,
c ch bin cc loi thc phm tn tr bn vng nhit ph ng. Di nhit t
lnh, tht loi ny ch c th h hng sau 6 ngy tn tr, lc ny vi khun s tng n
mc m tht khng cn dng bn ti hoc ch bin c.
Tht PSE:
Tht loi ny thng xut hin trong cc quy tht m th b stress trc khi h
tht.
Tht DFD:
Loi tht ny cng xut hin nhng con th b stress tr c khi h tht.
2. Tm:
-

Cc thnh phn ha hc trong tm:

Bng 3: Thnh phn ha hc ca tm (% tnh theo trng l ng tm)

Bo co thc tp

Thnh phn

Tr s ti thiu

Tr s ti a

Nc

76

79

Protid

12

20

Lipid

0.3

0.3

Ca

2.9

3.3

6.76

Fe

1.2

5.4

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SVTT: Phm Ngc T Anh

Na

1.1

1.27

1.27

3.65

MSSV: 104110006

Cc phng php bo qun tm ti hin nay:

Tm l loi nguyn liu cao cp, tht tm ngon, nhiu m, vitamin, mui v c
v rt t lipid. Chnh v vy, cc sn phm ch bin c mt tm (h co tm) rt c th
trng a chung v s dng. Tuy nhin, do kt cu c kh lng lo nn tm rt chng
hng, n thi. Cc phng php dng v ang s dng trong bo qun tm t i:
Bo qun bng phng php p : dng p nguyn liu phi t tiu chun v
sinh thc phm. phi mn vi mc nht nh nhm tng c ng s tip xc vi
tm, tng cng s tan truyn nhit cho tm.
Dng ha cht kt hp vi nc bo qun: tm c x l bng Ca(OCl) 2,
NaSO3 + CH3COOH. Tuy nhin khi s dng s nh hng n sc khe ngi tiu dng
nn rt hn ch.
Dng cht khng sinh: cht khng sinh l m cho tm t b bin i v mu sc v
mi v. Tuy nhin, cht khng sinh kh b phn hy v tn ti trong thc phm, ng i n
vo c kh nng xy ra nhng tc hi n n vic s dng rt hn ch hoc khng cho php
s dng.
-

Tiu chun cht lng tm nguyn liu:

Tm trc khi tip nhn hay nhp kho phi t cc tiu chun sau:
Tm khng c mi n d l n nh .
Tm khng c im en trn thn hoc nu c th khng qu 3 vt en. Mi vt
khng qu 1.5mm v khng n su vo th t.
Vnh bng cho php en nht.
Tm khng b b v hoc nu c th ch chp nhn 3% trn tng s. V tm cho
php mm nhng khng b bong trc ra khi thn tm v c mu t nhin, sng bng.
Tht tm c mu sc c trng v sn chc.
Tm c u dnh cht vo thn tm khng b dp nt.
3. C sn:
Cn gi l c u. Cy c sn cho ta r c n c nhng l v ht c cht c,
cn ch khi s dng.
-

Thnh phn ha hc:

Trong r c (c sn), sau khi bc v c ti 90% nc, 2.4% tinh bt, 4.5%
ng ton b (biu th bng ng glucoza), 1.46% protid, 0.39% cht v c , khng
thy c cht bo, khng c acid xyanhydric. C men peroxydaza, amylaza, photphotaza.
-

Tc dng dc l v cng dng:

Bo co thc tp

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SVTT: Phm Ngc T Anh

MSSV: 104110006

R c sn khng c. c dng n sng v xo nu chn.

L c i vi cc loi nhai li v c, khng c i vi nga.
Ht c i vi c v su b.
4. Hnh c:
-

Thnh phn ha hc ca hnh c:

Bng 4: Thnh phn ha hc ca hnh

Loi

g(%)

Vitamin (%)

Nc Protid Glucid Cellulose Tro Mg

Fe

Caroten Ca

B1

B2

PP

Hnh
c
ti

70.1

1.1

3.6

0.5

0.5

37.2 0.5 0.02

24.5 0.02 0.03 0.15 7.1

Hnh
ty

73.9

1.51

0.9

0.7

48.7 0.7 0.03

32

0.02 0.03 0.17 8.4

Bo qun c hnh:

Hnh thu hi c nh hnh (gi), ct cha mt on 2-5cm, chn c tt,

khng dp, khng xc lp v ngoi.
Trc khi bo qun phi lm kh thn lp v ngoi, to lp bc, hn ch bc
hi nc, c th phi nng hoc sy nhit 30 -40oC lm ngui bo qun -23oC, m 75-80%, 0-2oC, m 70-80%.
Thi gian bo qun: 5-7 thng.
5. Mui:
Mui c cho thm vo vi mc ch lm gia v hay bo qun, to v mn cho
h co, nng cao tnh bn vng cho sn phm. Mui c kh nng st khun nh do khi
ha tan gii phng ion (Cl -) c tnh st trng. Mui n lm thay i p sut thm thu
ca vi sinh vt, lm bin tnh protein v enzyme ca chng.
6. t:
Tc dng dc l:
Gy xt da v nim mc, gy v khng gy phng da. Lm cho ta cm gic
nng mi v d dy.
Ngoi mc ch lm gia v, t cn l mt v thuc gip s tiu ha, n ngon,
chng tiu.
7. Tiu:
Tc dng dc l:
Tc dng st trng, dit k sinh trng, gy ht hi.
Bo co thc tp

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SVTT: Phm Ngc T Anh

MSSV: 104110006

Mi c th ui su b.
Ngoi cng dng lm gia v, h tiu c dng lm thuc kch thch s tiu ha,
gim au rng, au bng.
S c mt ca ht tiu trong ch bin h co lm cho sn phm va c tnh
cm quan va nng cao gi tr dinh d ng.
8. Bt ngt:
Tuy l cht iu v cn thit trong ch bin thc phm nh ng v mt iu kin no
lm thay i tnh cht hoc khng d ng ng liu lng th s l mi nguy cho thc
phm nh hng sc khe con ngi.
9. ng:
ng dng trong ch bin H Co c thu nhn t cc Cng ty ng trong
nc hu nh n nh c ngun hng v vn cht lng cng c bo m. Tuy
nhin cng kh m trnh c cc sai st trong qu tr nh vn chuyn, bo qun ng.
V th, cc c s sn xut cng cn kim tra li cc ch ti u cht lng t c mc
tiu khng c mi nguy no bt ngun t cc thnh phn nguyn. Trong ch bin H
Co ng thng c kim tra bng phng php cm quan l chnh.
3.1.2. V:
1) Bt H Co: gm bt nng, bt go, bt m
Thnh phn dinh dng trong 100g bt H Co:
Cht bo: 0.1%
Carbohydrate: 85%
Protein: 0.2%
Nng lng: 340kcal/100g.
2) Du n:
Cht bo (du n) l mt trong nhng thnh phn chnh cu thnh ba n v hot
ng sinh l cho c th con ngi. V cht bo cng l cht sinh nhiu nng lng nht
cho c th.
3) Nc:
Nc c vai tr rt quan trng i vi s sng. N c l hp phn ch yu chim
60% c th ngi.
Nc l nguyn liu cn thit khng th thiu i vi cng ngh thc phm v
trong cng ngh sn xut H Co, nc c dng nho trn bt lm v bnh cho sn
phm H Co.

Bo co thc tp

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SVTT: Phm Ngc T Anh

MSSV: 104110006

Nc tham gia vo s to cu trc v trng thi sn phm thc phm ch bin.

Nc cn l cht ha do ca tinh bt do m tinh bt to ra dai, do, c, n hi,
trong, to mng, to si cho sn phm.

3.2. QUY TRNH CH BIN

3.2.1. Quy trnh ch bin
Tht nc,
m

Bt H
Co

Du, gia
v

Hnh

Sn

Tm

Xay nhuyn

Xay nhuyn

R ng

R ng

Ly tm

Xay nhuyn

Xay nhuyn

Nho bt
Nc

Gia v

Cn mng

Phi trn

Ct ming

nh hnh

V khay

Cn nh lng

Tng
t

V bao PE

p ming bao

H Co

Bo co thc tp

- 47 -

V
bnh
H Co

GVHD: Phm Th Hi Qunh

SVTT: Phm Ngc T Anh

MSSV: 104110006

3.2.2. Thuyt minh quy trnh

I.

V bnh H Co:
a) Chun b nguyn liu:

- V bnh H Co c khuy trn bng bt H Co vi n c nng 90 0C-100OC vi

mt t du n, mui v bt ngt.
- Tt c cc nguyn liu c tin hnh nh lng mt cch chnh xc tr c khi tin
hnh nho bt.
b) Qu trnh nho bt c tin hnh nh sau:
- Nho bt l khu rt quan trng v c nh hng r rt n khu tip theo ca qu
trnh k thut, cht lng ca bnh.
- Mc ch: to cho khi bt nh o c ng nht cao, tng dai v to v cho
bnh. Lng nc v gia v c phn phi u trong khi bt.
-

Nguyn liu sau khi c chun b c cho vo my trn. Sau tip gia v.

- Mc ch ca vic cho cht bo vo khi bt khi nho l nhm tng do v mn

cho khi bt nho. Ngoi ra, vic thm gia v gip cho l bt c v va n so vi phn
nhn.
- M my trn vi tc chm nhm mc ch: trn u bt vi n c un si pha mt
t du n cng vi gia v, mt khc, nc si khng b bn ra ngo i gy tn hi n
cng nhn vn hnh my. Sau tin hnh nho trn vi tc khuy trn nhanh h n
trn u khi bt nho. Khi thy bt do, ta chuyn sang ch nh o trn nhanh
hn. Vi ch nho trn ny, cng nhn vn hnh my c th thm lng bt tha ca
qu trnh cn ct l bt. Bng kinh nghim vn h nh my lu nm, ngi cng nhn vn
hnh my s ly bt nho ra khi my trn bt khi khi bt c hin t ng bt dnh vo
thnh.
- Ch : thi gian trn bt t 4-5 pht l va , nu trn trong thi gian qu lu th
khng kh s khuch tn vo trong bt v lm t gy gluten lm nh hng n cht
lng l bnh.
- Sau khi khuy trn bng my xong, ta nhi bt li ln na bng tay v rc thm t
bt kh vo nhm chng dnh v gip tng do cho khi bt nh o, mt khc, bt
to thnh khi thun tin cho vic cn bt sau n y.
Qu trnh ha hc din ra trong khi nho trn bt:
-

Bt h co c cha cc th nh phn:

Tinh bt gm: amilose v amilopectine.

Protein gm: gliadin v glutenin.

Khi cho nc nng vo khi bt nho c s h ha xy ra theo 2 pha:

Bo co thc tp

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SVTT: Phm Ngc T Anh

MSSV: 104110006

Pha 1: 30% nc len vo to thnh lp nc mng bao quanh ht tinh bt

v quanh phn t protein ti mi v tr tip xc vi n c. y l qu trnh
ta nhit v t tng th tch nht.
Pha 2: Protein ht nc trng n to khung gluten hp th khong 200%
nc so vi khi lng gluten, lng nhit thay i khng nhiu nh ng
ch yu l s tng v th tch, lc li ko pha n y chnh l p sut thm
thu. Bnh thng, ht tinh bt c cc nhm OH lin kt vi nhau bng
lin kt hidro, khi nc xm nhp vo to ra mt lin kt hidro mi gia
nhm OH ca tinh bt vi nc lm t gy cc lin kt hidro c, mch
tinh bt dn ra l t cc phn nh. Chng l m cho khi bt nho c
dai, do v n hi. Khung gluten chnh l sn cho cc ht tinh
bt bm vo.
c) Cn, ct:
-

Mc ch ca khu ny l to hnh dng, kch thc cho l bnh H Co.

Bt nho qua khu cn: lm gim t t lp bt cn nh lc p ca t rc cn.

Cn c thc hin qua 3 giai on:

Cn th.
Cn bn tinh.
Cn tinh.

- Mc ch ca vic chia 3 giai on l khi bt cn xung t t v phi cn nhiu

ln khi bt cn khng gim chiu d y t ngt, c th gy n b mt tm bt.
-

Chiu dy ca lp bt cn tng giai on l :

Cn th: = 40mm.
Cn bn tinh: = 4mm.
Cn tinh: = 1.5mm.

- Trong qu trnh cn: nht bt nho gim, do tng, s lng gluten tng l
do cc phn t gluten b t khi nho sau khi cn c ni li vi nhau. Ngoi ra, vic
cn cn phn phi ng u lng khng kh thu c trong thi gian nh o, kh tha
c tch ra lm cho bnh xp, mn nh cc mao qun trong cu trc. Qua khu cn
n v xp tng, t trng gim, bnh c h nh thc p. Khi cn nu thy b t nho dnh
trc th dng bt nng rc ln gim m (khng nn dng bt m v s to lm tm
trn bt lm v bnh xu i).
- Sau qu trnh cn, tm bt c xp thnh xp ri chuyn sang qu tr nh ct t
hnh dng l bt H Co.

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- Dng c ct l tm bt c hnh trn, ng knh khong 7cm. Ti X nghip

thng s dng v hp tin h nh ct tm bt, phn bt tha s c a vo trn
ln vi phn bt mi trong th ng nho bt.
-

Yu cu k thut:
Lp bt cn phi c chiu d y ng u, b mt bng long.
dy l bt khong 1.5-2mm, hnh trn ng knh 7cm.
Nh vy, phn v bnh H Co c chun b hon tt, ngi cng nhn ph
trch s em i phn pht cho cc cng nhn khc tin h nh bao gi.
II. Nhn bnh H Co:
a) Chun b nguyn liu:

Tht nc heo v m heo c lm lnh ng, c a i r ng (gi l lm tan

gi) l qu trnh chuyn nc dng rn sang dng lng v khi phc li nhng tnh
cht t nhin ban u ca nguyn liu.
Mc ch: a nhit ca tht v m n nhit thch hp cho cc qu trnh ch
bin c hc tip theo.
Qu trnh r ng c thc hin iu kin t nhi n trong khong thi gian t 1224h ty thuc vo ln ca khi tht. Tan gi xong, khi nhit ca tht 10oC v ca
m l 6oC, tht v m c ra trong bn cha 100-200 lit loi b vi sinh vt trong
dch nhy, sau khi ra khong 100kg th thay nc. Sau , em ct nh chun b cho
qu trnh xay t tn nng lng v gim c thi gian.
Yu cu k thut ca qu trnh tan gi:
Tn tht dch bo t nht (tan gi chm, thi gian tng).
Tn tht khi lng sn phm t (phi tng m khng kh).
m bo yu cu v sinh cao nht.
Thi gian ngn.
Chng ta nhn thy rng, kh m tm c cc thng s k thut cho qu tr nh tan
gi 4 yu cu trn tha mn cng mt lc. V vy, ph thuc vo cht lng nguyn
liu v cc thng s k thut ca qu trnh ch bin tip theo m ta c th b qua mt s
yu cu trn.
Tan gi c 2 giai on:
Giai on 1: lm nng sn phm n im ng bng.
Giai on 2: thu nhit do nc tan chy.

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cc c s sn xut thng s dng tan gi nhanh trong mi tr ng khng kh.

Dng khng kh tun han nhit t 15-20oC vi m khng kh 55-60%, thi gian
tan gi t 15-20h, tn tht khi lng khong 3%. Tht to lp kh cng, mu tht sm.
Yu cu ca nguyn liu khi kt thc qu trnh tan gi: nhit ti tm ca khi tht
phi t t -1oC 1oC. B mt tht kh, khng m t, trnh vi sinh vt.
-

Hnh:
c lt v.
Ra sch bng nc.
Mt phn em phi, mt phn em xay.

Tm:
Tm c r ng cng bc bng nc trong thng inox sau khi
b ht bao b ngoi. Sau khi r ng xong, tm c vt ra do
yu cu ca thi gian quy trnh cng ngh phi p ng.
Nhit sau r ng 10oC.

C sn:
c gt sch v, ra sch. loi b tp cht bm ngoi b mt
c.
Sn ng vai tr l cht n lm h gi thnh sn phm. Sn c
gt v v ngm trong nc, ra sch bng nc sch trong bn
cha nc 100-200 lit v sau khi ra c 60kg th thay nc.
Sau , ct ming nh 3-4cm, dy 1-1.5cm (mc ch ca qu
trnh ny l gim chi ph nng lng v tit kim c thi gian
khi cho vo my xay) ri a vo my xay xay nh. Sau khi
xay xong, sn c em ly tm b nc bng my ly tm loi
bt nc trong sn v hm lng nc trong kh ln.

Gia v:
c cn sn cho tng m.

b) Xay nguyn liu:

-

Tht:

L mt qu trnh vt l nhm ph v cu trc nguy n liu, nghin nh dn n tng din

tch tip xc mt cch r rt.
Trong qu trnh xay, c s tip xc gia my vi nguy n liu v gia nguyn liu vi
mi trng nn c th nhim mt s vi sinh vt. V vy, ta cn hn ch s ly nhim
bng cch v sinh my mc tr c khi xay v cch li mi trng lm vic vi xung
quanh.

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Kch c a xay 10mm.

-

Sn, hnh:

Hnh, sn c em i xay nhuyn. Nhng i vi sn c thm khu ly tm.

Kch c a: 8mm.
Khi lng cho mi ln ly tm l:80-85kg.
Thi gian ly tm l: 2 pht vi vn tc 500-600 vng/pht.
Sau khi ly tm vt sn bng tay, nc khng chy thnh dng l c.
c) Phi trn:
- Sau khi x l s b xong em trn u hn hp vi nhau v trn u vi gia v,
hnh phi vo tng mi thm nhn H Co.
d) nh hnh:
- Phn nhn v v chun b xong, c chuyn n cc cng nhn to h nh H
Co.
- Cng on ny v cng quan trng v l cng on to ra sn phm tc ng trc tip
n th gic ngi s dng, do cng on n y i hi ngi cng nhn phi c tay
ngh. Mi bnh H Co c to hnh con s c trng vi nhng ng xp ply ( t 810ply). Trng lng mi chic khong 25g. Ri tin hnh xp 10 bnh H Co vo 1
hp nha (cn nh lng mi gi khong 250+12%).
e) ng gi:
-

Sau khi nh hnh H Co xong, em sn phm i ng gi bng bao PE sch.

- Mc ch: p kn 2 u d d ng cho vic bo qun, vn chuyn v to cm quan

cho sn phm.
-

Trn mi bao b u ghi r ngy sn xut v hn s dng.

Sau em bo qun -18oC.

3.3. CC LOI DNG C V MY MC DNG TRONG CH

BIN
3.3.1. My xay:
Cng dng:
My dng xay nh c sn, tht, m bng cch ct nh cc c tht v m lin
kt thnh nhng mnh nh.
Cu to:
Motor
Vt ti (trc xon)

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Dy cuaro
Pulis
Ca nhp liu
Ca thot liu
Dao 4 li (dao ct)
Tm sng ca tho liu (vi chn)
Trc chuyn
Nguyn tc hot ng ca my:
Khi motor quay qua pulis v dy chuy n ng cho trc vt (trong rut ci).
Nguyn liu c np vo ca nhp liu. Trc vt quay v y nguyn liu n dao
ct. Mt khc, trc vt quay ko theo dao ct quay v ct nguyn liu nh dn va vi
kch thc cc l trn mt sang (c ng knh l 0.4cm). Nguyn liu dn c a ra
ngoi theo chiu vn hnh ca trc v c thau hng.
3.3.2. My ly tm:
Cng dng:
Nhm tch nc t do c trong sn sau khi xay. D i tc dng ca lc ly tm
sinh ra lm cho sn c tch ring nm trn li v phn nc s qua l i ra bn
ngoi.
Cu to:
Bung ly tm
Mng hng
L xo gim chn
Gi my
Ct my
Nguyn tc hot ng:
Sau khi m cng tc motor quay truyn chuyn ng sang ct my thng qua dy
cuaro. Do ct my gn lin vi bung ly tm n n khi ct my chuyn ng dn n
bung ly tm cng chuyn ng theo. Do lc ly tm c n cc phn t lng (nc t do)
c thot ra bung ly tm thng qua cc l nh tr n thnh i ra mng hng ri i ra
ngoi.
Vn tc quay ca bung ly tm cng nh h ng n cc qu trnh sau ny. V nu
vn tc quay qu nh lng nc t do trong sn s khng c tch ht ra ngoi, cn
ngc li nu vn tc quay ca bung ly tm qu ln th sn s b bn ra ngoi. Do vy,
vn tc quay ca bung ly tm khong 500 -600 vng/pht.

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3.3.3. My nghin:
Cng dng:
Dng nghin tht thnh dng ng u, min, do, dai, to gel. Thit b n y
dng ch bin cc sn phm tht dng gel cn mc nhuyn, mn cao.
Cu to:
Motor
Vt ti
Dy cuaro
Pulis
Ca nhp liu
Ca tho liu
Dao 4 li (dao ct)
Tm sng ca tho liu (v chn)
Trc chuyn
Nguyn tc hot ng:
Khi motor quay qua pulis v dy cuaro truy n ng cho trc vt, nguyn liu c
np vo ca nhp liu. Trc vt quay va y nguy n liu va nghin do bc vt gim
dn y st nguyn liu vo thnh my. Trong qu trnh nghi n, ca tho liu ng kn.
Tht dn c nghin mn do lc ct v lc va p vo thnh my, a ra ngoi v c
thau hng.
3.3.4. My trn nhn:
Cng dng:
Chc nng ch yu l dng nh, nho trn cc thnh phn nguyn liu trong
qu trnh phi liu. Khi tht sau khi qua my nghin c cho vo my trn nh dao
trn lp xen k trn 2 trc song song, ta c mt khi tht ng nht.
Cu to:
ng c in
B iu khin cnh khuy
Thit b nng h khung gi ni ch a liu
Cnh khuy
Ni cha liu
Khung gi ni cha liu
Nguyn tc hot ng ca my:
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Khi ng c chy qua b phn pulis v bnh ai truyn ng cho hp s (to n n

4 tc quay khc nhau) v truyn qua cp bnh rng truyn ng cho cnh khuy, ng
thi cnh khuy c t lch tm so vi a to n n chuyn ng quay ngc chiu vi
cnh khuy. Nh chuyn ng ny m nguyn liu trong ni c trn u.
Nguyn tc hot ng ca thit b nng h ni cha liu:
Khi quay, tay quay truyn chuyn ng qua trc thng ng v nh cc ren trn
trc lm cho b khung gi ni nng ln h xung. Do , nguyn liu sau khi trn xong
c ly ra d dng hn.
3.3.5. My trn bt:
Cng dng:
Nhm to phn tn cc cu t v o nhau to nn mt h thng ng nht.
Khuy trn bt vi nc v du to thnh khi bt trn ng nht nhm tng
do, dai ca bt trong quy tr nh sn xut H Co.
Cu to:
Motor
Dy cuaro
B li hp
H thng bnh rng
Cn s
Trc quay
Cnh khuy hnh li lim
H thng nng thng trn bt
Thng trn bt
Chn
Nguyn tc hot ng:
Khi ng c chy thng qua bnh ai truyn ng cho b li hp (to n n 3 tc
quay khc nhau) v truyn qua cp bnh rng truyn ng cho cnh khuy, ng thi
cnh khuy c t lch tm so vi trc n n chuyn ng quay ngc chiu vi cnh
khuy, mt khc, vic t v tr nh th nhm lm gim din tch chong ch ca cnh
khuy trong thng trn bt.
Nguyn tc hot ng ca thit b nng th ng trn bt:
Khi quay, tay quay truyn chuyn ng qua trc thng ng v nh cc ren trn
trc lm cho b khung gi ni nng ln h xung. Do , bt sau khi trn xong c ly
ra d dng hn.

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3.3.6. My cn bt:
Cng dng:
Cn bt thnh l mng tng do, dai, mn, u, ng nht v n mt kch
thc mong mun.
Cu to:
Dy cuaro
ng c
Bnh xe truyn ng
Bnh rng truyn ng
1 cp trc cn
Tay quay iu chnh khong gia cp trc cn
Mng bt
Bn hng bt
Nguyn tc hot ng ca my:
Sau khi m cng tc in, ng c s hot ng truyn chuyn ng sang dy
cuaro lm bnh xe chuyn ng quay theo. Do trc ca bnh xe truyn ng c mt bnh
rng nh v vy khi trc bnh xe truyn ng quay s ko theo bnh rng nh hot ng.
ng thi, bnh rng truyn chuyn ng sang bnh rng ln h n lm cho rulo bn di
chuyn ng. Mt khc, u c n li ca rulo bn di cn c cc bnh rng nh khc
lin kt vi rulo bn trn do khi rulo bn d i hot ng ko theo rulo b n trn hot
ng theo. Chng chuyn ng ng c chiu nhau.
Chuyn ng ngc chiu ca 2 trc cn ko theo l bt i qua khe h gia 2 trc
cn p sn phm li to ra hnh dng v kch thc mong mun. khng l m ph v
cu trc ca l bt th vn tc ca 2 trc phi bng nhau nh ng ngc chiu. iu
chnh dy ca l bt qua my cn, ngi ta iu chnh khong cch qua khe h gia 2
trc bng c cu iu chnh trc vt ai c.
Khong cch khe h gia 2 trc gim dn sau mi ln cn nhm t c kch
thc yu cu.
QUI NH VN HNH MY:
-

Lp cc thit b cn thit v o my

Ra li cho sch trc khi vn hnh

Kim tra ngun in, cng tc, cu dao

ng cu dao in, vn hnh khng ti pht hin nhng bt th ng nu c

Cho nguyn liu vo

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Sau khi s dng xong, tho tun t cc thit b lp

Tin hnh v sinh my v lau kh.

MSSV: 104110006

3.4. NH GI CHT LNG SN PHM H CO

CH TIU CM QUAN:
Ch tiu

c im

Mu sc

Mu trng bt, khng mu sc l, khng

ln tp cht.

Mi v

Mi v c trng ca sn phm, khng

c mi i chua khi hp hoc chin.
Nhn bnh c mi thm c trng,
khng c mi hng kh ch u, v va n.

Trng thi

trng thi ng lnh tt, tng bnh

H Co ng cng, chc bt, khng b
nt b, c hnh con s c trng vi
nhng ng xp ply nhuyn, p, u,
r rng v khng chy x.

CH TIU VI SINH VT:

Tn vi sinh vt

Ch tiu

E.coli

Khng c

Staphylococus

Khng c

Salmonella

Khng c

Shigella

Khng c

Vi sinh vt hiu kh

< 500.000

CH TIU HA L:
Tn ch tiu

Mc cho php

Trng lng (gram)

250 + 12%

nh tnh H 2S

m tnh

Hm lng NH 3 (mg/100g sn phm)

<40

Hm lng tro khng tan (% khi <5

lng)
Kim loi nng:
-

Ch (mg/kg mu)

<2

Asen (mg/kg mu)

<1

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>7

5.4. CH TIU CHUNG CHO SN PHM T CHT L NG:

Tn ch tiu

Mc yu cu

Trng thi:
-

Nhit trung tm sn phm sau -3oC

khi cp ng.

Sn phm sau khi cp ng

Bnh phi ng ply, khng b nt ply,

khng b, nt bnh.

Sn phm sau khi hp

Bnh khng c b bng, c dai

nht nh.

Mu sc:
Trc khi hp

Trng c trng

Sau khi hp

Trng trong

Mi v

Thm c trng, khng c mi v l,

khng hi chua, cht.

Tp cht

Khng c tp cht l

Khi lng

Theo cng thc sn xut ca tng loi

H Co.

BO QUN THNH PHM H CO:

- Ti x nghip: t o = -1825oC
- Thi gian bo qun: 6 thng k t ng y sn xut
- Ti gia nh: ngn t lnh.

3.5. SN XUT HONH THNH

Honh thnh c sn xut theo nguyn liu v dy chuyn ging nh h co, ch khc
phn v cun. y l phn v c nhp trc tip v nn khng c iu kin tim hiu
su xa hn nn em xin php c b qua.

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Chng 4: KT LUN V NGH

Ch gi, h co, honh thnh l 3 trong nhng sn phm ch lc v truyn thng ca
cng ty VISSAN hin nay ang c a s ngi tiu dng a chung. Tuy nhin vi s
pht trin khng ngng ca x hi th nhu cu v sn phm cng nhiu v yu cu v
cht lng cng cao hn. Bn cnh , ngy cng xut hin nhiu cng ty thc phm ch
bin v sn xut cng chng loi mt hng ny. V vy s cnh tranh v cht lng ngy
cng cao, i hi cng ty phi khng ngng n lc tm ti nghin cu a ra nhng sn
phm mi vi cht lng cao hn!
p ng c yu cu x nghip khng ngng nghin cu, ci tin nhiu mt
hng mi to s a dng v chng loi cng nh cht lng sn phm. Nng sut sn
phm ca x nghip tng bc nng cao. C c thnh tu l nh s sng to khng
ngng, khc phc mi kh khn v vi thi lm vic nghim tc ca ton th cn b,
nhn vin v cng nhn x nghi p.
Tri qua bao thun li cng nh kh khn, cng ty ngy nay ng vng v vn
ln l 1 trong nhng cng ty ch lc trong nn kinh t n c nh. Thnh tu ny khng
cho php chng ta t tha mn vi mnh m phi n lc hn na.
V chi tit tng sn phm th c l vi kin thc hn hp ca m nh cng vi khong thi
gian thc tp khng nhiu, em khng th c c nhng kin ngh hay v ph hp!
Nhng v tng th th em xin c mt s kin sau. u tin l v c s h tng. Cn
phi thay mi nhng thit b c khng cn ph hp vi nhng nhu cu mi v ch t
lng ca ngi tiu dng. H thng nh xng, thit b phi lun c nng cp nhm
m bo iu kin quan trng nht l v sinh an ton thc phm v an ton lao ng.
V ngun nhn lc. Khng ngng bi d ng cho nghip v nhn vi n v tay ngh cng
nhn. C nh th th cht lng ca cng ty v sn phm s ngy cng c nng cao
hn na.
V ngun nguyn liu. M rng ngun nguyn liu nhng vn phi m bo cht lng
u vo. M rng ngun nguyn liu lun p ng c nhu cu ca th trng ngy
cng rng ln hn! Tht cht mi quan h vi cc nh cung cp nguyn liu c th
ch ng c s lng v cht lng sn phm to thnh, trnh tnh trng b ng khi
ngun nguyn liu trn th trng c bin ng, gy nh hng ln n lao ng v nng
sut ca cng ty.
V h thng phn phi. Tip tc m rn g th trng trong v ngoi nc song song vi
vic nh mnh vo nhng khu vc trng tm nh cc thnh ph ln. C th thy s
chnh lch kh r gia th trng cc thnh ph ln so vi nhng ni khc trong c
nc (tp trung ch yu th nh ph H Ch Minh). lun l l c u tin phong
trong nn kinh t nng ng ny th cng ty phi khng ngng m rng quy m nhng
th trng tim nng.

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Ti liu tham kho

1) Bng thnh phn dinh dng thc phm Vit Nam
Tc gi: ts V Vn Chi
NXB khoa hc v k thut
2) Cng ngh ch bin ng lnh th y sn
B y t- vin dinh dng
NXB y hc
3) Ha sinh hc tht gia sc
Tc gi: ng c Dng
NXB khoa hc k thut H Ni - 1972
4) Vi sinh vt hc v an ton v sinh thc phm
Tc gi: PGS.TS Lng c Phm
NXB nng nghip H Ni 2002
5) Trang web: www.google.com
6) Trang web: www.vissan.com.vn

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