Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Teknik Elektro (SNPTE 2004)

IMPLEMENTATION OF DATA ACQUISITION INSTRUMENTATION (DAI) AS AN ON LINE MONITORING SYSTEMS

Ahmad Fahmi
Lecture in Department of Electrical Engineering Malang University Jl. Surabaya No 6 Built G-4, Malang 65145 Telp (0341)-551312 extention 304, email: fahmi_ahmad@telkom.net fahmi_ahmad_um@yahoo.com

Abstract
On line monitoring systems is a concept of solar still datalogger continuously to know the performance, and analyse the concept as design result. It needed to find data accurately and exactly, so we get a precision data to analyse solar still distillation equipment. Where analog measurement is still done until now. By digital technology based microcontrolller 8031 as datalogger systems, we modified analog systems become on line monitoring systems which can be switched via computer, memorizable and printable. The research results shows that on line monotoring systems can register data accurately for : 1) time such as (date, hour, minute, second), 2) solar radiation sensors such as (spectral pyranometer, pyrhelometer, precision pyranometer), 3) temperature sensors such as (air, glass, water, sea plate, pure water). From the design result, we get many benefits, such as : more accurate measurement results, and more easy readable and printable. Keywords : on line monitoring systems, solar still, datalogger, microcontroller 8031

I. Introduction There are many factors cause decreasing of water resources in the future especially in the beach area, if does not overcome soon it will decrease the level of health, wealth and human resources of Indonesia. Recall to the situation of decreasing energy reserved from fossil fuel in Indonesia, so the consumption of alternative energy from solar still will support the diversification process and energy conversion. Solar still is one of the equipment which can overcome the lack of energy reserved, but the research of solar still is necessary to develop. It is because there many parameters and modifications have to be completed, so the scheme of new design and the performance of systems have been renewed and developed continuously. The most optimum of prototype performance is very necessary to certain area in Indonesia. On line monitoring systems is an observation systems continuously to the parameter variatons of solar radiation and temperature on the solar still equipment. For the on line observation, we used electronic equipment which combine the technology of electronic measurement instrumentation and computer. The application of electronic measurement instrumentation can change the physical variable (solar radiation and temperature) to digital data. By the computer, we can control digital data about access time, data formulation, data saving, offering and printing. All of monitoring process work automatically from the measurement process of solar radiation and temperature by the sensors until saving of data in hard disk. This systems operated by computer with DAI (Data Acquisition Instrumentation) software which made from Visual Basic. The computer with DAI software based on has capability in managing of measurement result accurately, saving data (systematically) in the computer can use for performance analysis of solar still distillation equipment. So, we can design the solar still prototype with optimum performance which needed in a certain area.
Jurusan Pendidikan Teknik Elektro FT UNY 11 Desember 2004

Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Teknik Elektro (SNPTE 2004)

II. Equipment Design Measurement instrumentation systems is consist of three basic elements, there are 1. Sensors (solar radiation sensor and temperature sensor ) as a converter of physical variable (radiation and temperature) to electrical variable. 2. Datalogger as an equipment to take electrical variable data from sensors and to change it in digital data. 3. Computer with DAI software to process digital data from datalogger. Aim be formulated on dislayed, either printed and saved in hard disk for another requirement.

Figure 1. Diagram of On Line Monitoring Systems III. Sensors Sensors (transducers) were used in this instrumentation are : a. Precision Pyranometer This tool was utilized to measure global radiation with specification are : * Resistance : 722 ohm at 230C * Emf : 9.02 x 10-6 volt/watt meter-2 b. Normal Incidence Pyrheliometer This tool was utilized to measure direct radiation with specification are : * Resistance : 196 ohm at 230C * Emf : 8.2 x 10-6 volt/watt meter-2 c. Black and White Pyranometer This tool was utilized to measure joint radiation with specification are : * Resistance : 346 ohm at 230C * Emf : 8.49 x 10-6 volt/watt meter-2

Jurusan Pendidikan Teknik Elektro FT UNY 11 Desember 2004

Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Teknik Elektro (SNPTE 2004)

d. IC LM35 This tool was utilized to measure environment temperature. Outpu t voltage of IC LM35 showed ratio to temperature (in 0C) linierly. This specification is : * Input voltage : 4 -30 V * Conversion : 10.0 mV per 0C * Range : -55 150 0C IV. Datalogger Systems DAI (Data Acquisition Instrumentation) software transmits channel number of ADC which is taken its data via COM1(computer port serial 1). It is accepted by microcontroller 8031 in datalogger. This microcontroller 8031 commands ADC to read channel data requested by computer. Then, this data is changed in form become serial by microcontroller and transmitted to the computer. This data is accepted by computer via COM1 (computer port serial 1) dan formulated by software of DAI software as, displayed, printed or saved in hard disk by computer operator.
Spectral Pyranometer

DATALOGGER
Precision Pyranometer Pyrhelometer 0-15 mV 0-15 mV Air Sensor Glass Sensor Water Sensor Sea Plate Sensor Pure Water Sensor Printed and Saved Data Date Hour Radiasi total (W/m) Radiasi baur (W/m) Radiasi langsung (W/m) Air Temperature (C) Glass Temperature (C) Water Temperature (C) Sea Plate Temperature (C) Pure WaterTemperature (C) Com 1 Computer Display in computer monitor Date Hour Radiasi total (W/m) Radiasi baur (W/m) Radiasi langsung (W/m) Air Temperature (C) Glass Temperature (C) Water Temperature (C) Sea Plate Temperature (C) Pure WaterTemperature (C) 0-15 mV 0-100 mV 0-100 mV 0-100 mV 0-100 mV 0-100 mV RS 232 Driver Conditional Circuit Analog Digital Converter Controller System

Menu-menu: Can read data according desired time Can choose desired input

Figure 2. Block Diagram of On Line Monotoring Circuit Datalogger specification is : * Input line : 8 channels - Input range : channel 0 : total radiation channel 1 : joint radiation channel 2 : direct radiation channel 3 : air temperature channel 4 : glass temperature channel 5 : water temperature channel 6 : sea plate temperature channel 7 : pure water temperature * Output : RS-232

Jurusan Pendidikan Teknik Elektro FT UNY 11 Desember 2004

Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Teknik Elektro (SNPTE 2004)

* Baud rate : 9600 bps, 8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop bit V. Radiation Sensor Conditional Radiation sensor conditional circuit is utilized to amplify output signal of radiation sensor. This gain is multiplying result of instrumentation amplifier AD 521 (R2/R1) and Op-Amp gain built as non-inverting amplifier circuit (R4/R3+1). The multiplying result of those two amplifiers are resuated as: Gain = R2/R1 * (R4/R3+1) = 100k/1k*(27k/10k+1) = 370 (1) Signal amplifier can detect the difference potential (voltage) resulted by solar radiation sensor will amplify 370 times. It caused analog voltage of solar radiation sensor output which is amplified can be converted to digital data by ADC circuit exactly. Besides the circuit above we use, we use R5 and C1 as low frequency filter to reject external noise in this circuit input. So, the cut off frequency of this filter is : Fcut off = 1/(2*phi*R5*C1) = 1/(2*3.14*100k*1Uf) = 1.6 Hz .(2)

Figure 3. Radiation Sensor Conditional Circuit Test results are : 1. Gain of total radiation sensor conditional is 373.5. 2. Gain of joint radiation sensor conditional is 373.5. 3. Gain of direct radiation sensor conditional is 373.5. VI. Temperature Sensor Conditional Temperature sensor conditional circuit is utilized to amplify output signal of temperature sensor. This amplifier is non-inverting amplifier from Op-Amp LM 324, so this gain is : Gain = R2/R1 + 1 = 39/10 + 1 = 4.9 (3) Besides, we use R5 and C1 as low frequency filter to reject external noise in this circuit input. So, the cut off frequency of this filter is : Fcut off = 1/(2*phi*R5*C1) = 1/(2*3.14*100k*0.1Uf) = 16 Hz (4)

Figure 4. Temperature Sensor Conditional Circuit

Jurusan Pendidikan Teknik Elektro FT UNY 11 Desember 2004

Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Teknik Elektro (SNPTE 2004)

Test results were : 1. Gain of air temperature sensor conditional is 4.9. 2. Gain of glass temperature sensor conditonal is 4.9. 3. Gain of water temperature sensor conditional is 4.9. 4. Gain of sea plate temperature sensor conditional is 4.8999. 5. Gain of pure water temperature sensor conditional is 5.123. VII. Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) ADC is a tool that converts analog electrical variable to digital data. Analog variable resulted by conditional circuit converts to digital data by ADC. In this design, we used serial ADC, that is IC type ADC0808 with 8 bits data output so we get 256 level combination. Input of this type ADC is multiplexed to convert data from 8 input lines. Clock speed of data convertion determined by external oscillator which formed with schmit inverter 74LS14, R1 and C1, that is : Fclock = 1/(1.7 R1*C1) = 1/(1.7*1k*1Nf) = 588 kHz ...(5)

Figure 5. Analog to Digital Converter Circuit Reference voltage of ADC is 5 volt which resulted by regulator IC 7805. Reference voltage is chosen large enough, because very low voltage often suffer from external noise that will effect the conversion result of ADC. With 5 V reference voltage, maximum ampitude of ADC input is 5 V, so maximum output of sensor conditional circuit must be regulated in 5 V. Conversion of analog data to digital is begun with giving channel address of ADC which chosen via combination of pin A0, A1 and A2, then giving ALE signal to latch this address. The conversion process is begun after transmitting START signal dan reading conversion result data after transmitting signal EOC (End of Conversion) from ADC. ADC output formulation to actual input physical variable (solar radiation and temperature) is : Radiation = (Vadc/255)*Vref/Gain*Sensor sensitivity ...(6) where : Vadc = ADC output (0 255) Vref = ADC reference voltage (5V) Gain = amplification of radiation sensor conditional Sensor sensitivity is : 1. For total radiation : 2. For joint radiation : 3. For direct radiation : Temperature = (Vadc/255)*Vref/Gain/Sensor sensitivity ...(7) where :

Jurusan Pendidikan Teknik Elektro FT UNY 11 Desember 2004

Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Teknik Elektro (SNPTE 2004)

Vadc = ADC output (0-255) Vref = ADC reference voltage (5 V) Gain = amplification of temperature sensor conditional Sensor sensitivity = temperature sensor sensitivity = 10mV/0C VIII. Systems of Microcontroller 8031 Systems of this microcontroller has configurations like these : Program memory : to save microcontroller program by EPROM 2764 with capacity 8 kb Parallel port : for communication line between microcontroller and ADC Serial port : for serial data communication line between microcontroller and computer. This port uses RS 232 for driver. Microcontroller 8031 : as main component in systems of microcontroller 8031. IX. Test Result Evaluation process to measure solar radiation was done by measuring solar radiation in solar radiation sensor with on line monitoring systems instrumentation and comparing with measurement result from manual measurement equipment. Whereas, evaluation of temperature measurement was done by measuring water temperature in temperature sensor with on line monitoring systems instrumentation and comparing with measurement result from manual measurement equipment. Data of measurement result which displayed on computer shows in table 1 for solar radiation measurement from 07.00 am until 07.00 pm, and table 2 for temperature measurement.

Figure 6. Circuit of Microcontroller 8031 Table 1. Conversion Data from Radiation to Digital Manual Online System Hour RL RG RB RL RG RB 7 0 26 23 0 25.35 22.75 8 3 67 58 3.05 67.10 59.05

Jurusan Pendidikan Teknik Elektro FT UNY 11 Desember 2004

Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Teknik Elektro (SNPTE 2004)

9 17 121 91 10 180 247 71 11 329 350 35 12 384 367 55 13 158 294 115 14 15 138 104 15 28 98 67 16 26 98 70 17 4 44 40 18 2 11 10 19 0 0 0 RL=Direct Radiation RG=Global Radiation RB=Joint Radiation

17.21 179.83 328.75 384.35 157.75 14.73 27.35 25.75 4.05 2.03 0

121.05 91.34 246.54 71.20 349.73 34.97 366.27 54.95 294.35 115.24 138.16 104.27 97.83 67.13 97.81 69.25 43.78 40.01 10.58 10.01 0 0

450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0

Radiation (W/M2)

RLManual RGManual RBManual RLOnline RGOnline RBOnline

Figure 7. Ratio manual measurement radiation and online systems Table 2. Conversion Data From Temperature Analog to Digital Temperatur Display 0 0 10 10.05 15 15.15 20 20.10 25 24.75 30 30.15 35 34.93 40 39.79 45 44.95 50 49.85 55 54.67 60 59.95

Jurusan Pendidikan Teknik Elektro FT UNY 11 Desember 2004

Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Teknik Elektro (SNPTE 2004)

70 Temperature (C) 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Temperatur Tampilan

Figure 8. Ratio Actual Temperature and Computers Display Figure 7 and Figure 8 shows the graph of measurement result linierly with accuracy 0.5%. X. Conclusion On line monitoring systems for solar still distillation equipment is an effective tool in registering solar still data. This systems works automatically with personal computer. For registering data processed, data conversion, data serving, data saving and data printing done automatically by computer. The research showed that on line monitoring systems able to register data accurately on time and sensors parameters (solar radiation and temperature) and save human energy to observe solar still performance in every second, every minute, every hour, until every month. With capability of data management structurally, we can analyse solar still data from on line monitoring systems easily. Therefore, we can decide solar still designs optimally to the certain area in Indonesia. From the design result, we obtain many benefits, such as : more accurate measurement result, more easy data reading, and we can print the result directly . XI. References [1] Duffie, J.A. and Backman, W.A. 1980. Solar Engineeering of Thermal Processes. New York: John Wiley and Son. [2] El-Bassuoni, Abdel-Monem A, Tayeb, Aghareed M. Factor Influencing the Performance of Basin Type Solar Still Desalinaton Unit. Journal Energy Conversion & Management. 1994.,p:693-8. [3] Halvorson, M. 2000. Step by Step Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0. Yogyakarta: Andi Offset. [4] Kristiono, H. 1994. Konsep dan Perancangan Database. Yogyakarta: Andi Offset. [5] Malik, M.I., dan Anistardi. 1995. Bereksperiman dengan Mikrokontroler 8031. Jakarta: Elek Media Komputindo. [6] MCS-51 Data Manual. 1988. Family of Microcontroller Architectural Overview. [7] Mismail, B., Sutrisno, Santoso, H. 1997. Perancangan Datalogger untuk Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikrohidro (PLTM). [8] Pamungkas. 2001. Tip & Trik Step Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0. Jakarta: Elex Media Komputindo. [9] Pramono, D. 1996. Mudah Menguasai Visual Basic 6. 1999. Jakarta: Elex Media Komputindo. [10] Singh, A.K., Tiwari, G.N., Sharma, P.B. Optimizationn of Orientation for Higher Yield of Solar Still for a Given Location. Journal Energy Conversion & Management. 1995, p: 17581. [11] Sudjito, Rahardja, P. 1999. Eksperimen Peralatan Distilasi Air Laut Tenaga Matahari. 1999. Laporan Penelitian Tidak Diterbitkan. Malang: Universitas Brawijaya Malang.

Jurusan Pendidikan Teknik Elektro FT UNY 11 Desember 2004

Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Teknik Elektro (SNPTE 2004)

[12] Tiwari, G.N., Suneja, Sangeeta. 1998, p:173-80. Performance Evaluation of an Inverted Absorber Solar Still. Journal Energy Conversion & management. [13] Web, J., McKelvi, M., Martinsen, R., Maxwll, T., dan Regelski, M. 1997. Alih Bahasa: Putajaya., I & Nugroho, W). Seri Visual Basic Pemrograman Data Base. Yogyakarta: Andi Offset.

Jurusan Pendidikan Teknik Elektro FT UNY 11 Desember 2004

Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Teknik Elektro (SNPTE 2004)

Software DAI

Calibration

Jurusan Pendidikan Teknik Elektro FT UNY 11 Desember 2004

10

Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Teknik Elektro (SNPTE 2004)

Setting Time

View Data

Jurusan Pendidikan Teknik Elektro FT UNY 11 Desember 2004

11

Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Teknik Elektro (SNPTE 2004)

Format Data

Jurusan Pendidikan Teknik Elektro FT UNY 11 Desember 2004

12

Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Teknik Elektro (SNPTE 2004)

Print Data

Help

Jurusan Pendidikan Teknik Elektro FT UNY 11 Desember 2004

13