you cannot replace darwin's idea of natural selective by any prescribed finite list of statements about molecules you

can explain all it's propeties but can you deduce it? an "agent" is something that reproduces bacteria....cells a rock is not an agent

something that seems that doesn't have any fuction like the heart "beating" of heart in contrast to the pumping of blood functions that seem not to have a use in the current enviroment might turn out t o be selectively advantageous in some odd enviroment like the heart sound might be something that helps detect or predict earthquakes darwinian preadaptations

Preadaptations are abundant in biological evolution.When one occurs, typically, a novel functionality comes into existence in the biosphere and thus the universe. The classic example concerns swim bladders in fish. These bladders, partially filled with air, partially with water, allow the fish to adj ust their buoyancy in the water column. Paleontologists have traced the evolution of swim bladders from early fish with lungs. Some of these lived in oxygen-poor water. The lungs grow as outpouchings from the gut. The fish swallowed the oxygen-poor water, some of which entered the lungs, where air bubbles were absorbed, making it easier for the fish to survive. But now water and air were both in a single lung, and the lung was preadapted to evolve into a new function a swim bladder that adjusted neutral buoyancy in the water column. With the evolution of the swim bladder a new function has entered the biosphere and universe that of maintaining neutral buoyancy in a water column. This new function had causal consequences for the further evolution of the biosphere, the evolution of new species of fish and new, never-before-born proteins, and the coevolution of other species with these new species. So the preadaptation changed the future evolution of the biosphere and physical content of the universe in the nonergodic universe above the level of atoms. Now I come to my radical question. Do you think you could say ahead of time, or finitely prestate, all possible Darwinian preadaptations of all species alive today? Or could you prestate all possible human preadaptations? I have found no one who believes the answer is yes.We all appear to believe the answer is no I DONT THINK THERE IS AN ALGORITHYIM THAT CAN DEDUCE ALL THE POSSIBLE USES OF A SCREWDRIVER TEXAS you can't reduce darwin's ideas t neighboring universe multiple platforms string theory

of physics can explain all the propeties of a heart no mystery but to give the function (pumping blood) for example you have to give an selective account of why historical physics cannot give an account of the evolution of the heart darwin natural selectio Catalysis is the change in rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation of a substance called a catalyst. Unlike other reagents that participate in the chemical reaction, a catalyst is not consumed by the reaction itself. A catalyst may participate in multiple chemical transformations. Catalysts that speed the reaction are called positive catalysts. Substances that slow a catalyst's effect in a chemical reaction are called inhibitors. Substances that increase the acti vity of catalysts are called promoters, and substances that deactivate catalysts are called catalytic poisons. Catalytic reactions have a lower rate-limiting free energy of activation than th e corresponding uncatalyzed reaction, resulting in higher reaction rate at the s ame temperature. However, the mechanistic explanation of catalysis is complex. C atalysts may affect the reaction environment favorably, or bind to the reagents to polarize bonds, e.g. acid catalysts for reactions of carbonyl compounds, or f orm specific intermediates that are not produced naturally, such as osmate ester s in osmium tetroxide-catalyzed dihydroxylation of alkenes, or cause lysis of re agents to reactive forms, such as atomic hydrogen in catalytic hydrogenation. Kinetically, catalytic reactions are typical chemical reactions; i.e. the reacti on rate depends on the frequency of contact of the reactants in the rate-determi ning step. Usually, the catalyst participates in this slowest step, and rates ar e limited by amount of catalyst and its "activity". In heterogeneous catalysis, the diffusion of reagents to the surface and diffusion of products from the surf ace can be rate determining

sean carrollll

motion only exists if there is something pushing it. (that's the primal view.... there is some primary thing before moving things) but then came newton and galileo becaus eo ffriction, and dissipation, and all THSES ANNOYING FEATURES OF THE WOL RD (exact phrase on the lecture haha) things seem to stop.....but in reality things are always moving because that's t

heir natural state, uniform motion. "this notion,conservation of momentum, completely undermined the metaphysical no tion of the First cause, primal movers..etc " you can see then how impact in theological literature shift as well...first ther e was a mover....then came the elements of design....like sort of things are mac hines that perfom certain functions "naturally" they have even data of how the universe looked like a second after the bing-bang but he argues that bing-bang cannot be explain with classical physics htere was somehting else before it, it was just a moment in history the same way that i acnnot think my life begging at the womb of my mother because

trivial problem compared to the nature of romantic love or how is it that i like to pee in a bottle and go smell it every other day for a month

min 5 -7min crying and laughing ann dryan granfather jewish latvian the only sin would be to pretend when her father told his father i'm going to do all that bullshit i don't believ e in the rituals of your religion I LINK THIS TO O sean carrolll said he got annoyed in the first moment because

combination of skepticism and wonder carl sagan is ....desire to communicate nor to impress