I.

Nhn chia a thc:

1. Thc hin php nhn:
a/
b/
2. Thc hin cc php tnh sau:
a/ ; b/
c/
3. Thc hin cc php tnh sau:
a/ ; b/
c/
4. Chng minh rng:
II. Bin i cc biu thc hu t:
1. n gin biu thc:
2. Vit biu thc sau thnh mt phn thc:
1
7 15
4 4
.
1 14
.
2 2
7 15
4
3
2 3
4
+ +
+
+ +
+ +
y y
y
y
y
y
y x
1 3
1
.
1
3
.
1
1 3
2 7
2
3
2 7
+ +
+ +
+

+ +
x x
x x
x
x
x
x x
6
) 4 (
.
6
5
:
5
4
:
4
3
2
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
6
) 5 (
.
6
5
:
5
4
.
4
3
2
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
3
4
.
6
5
.
5
4
:
4
3
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

,
_

+
ab
b a
b a
b a
ab a
: .
3 3
2 2
2

,
_

+
+ +

+ + +
+ +
y x
y x
y xy x
y x
y y x xy x
y xy x
. :
) ( 3
2 2 3 3
2 2
b a
b a
b a
b a
b ab a
b a

+
+

: .
3 3
2 2
) 1 )( 1 )( 1 (
) )( )( (
1 1 1 zx yz xy
x z z y y x
zx
x z
yz
Z y
xy
y x
+ + +

+
+

+
+

2 2 2 2
2
2 2
2
9 4
9 6
.
9 12 4
9 6
9 12 4
6 4
c a
c a
c ac a
c ac
c ac a
ac a

,
_

+ +
+

1
1
]
1

+
+ 4
2
) 2 (
1
) 2 (
1
:
) 2 (
4
2 2 2 4
2
x x x x
x
3. Chng minh rng vi bt k gi tr no ca x ln hn 2 th
gi tr ca biu thc:
cng l s m

4. Rt gn:
5. Chng minh rng vi tt c cc gi tr ca b t 1 th gi
tr ca biu thc:
khng ph thuc vo b
6. Chng minh rng vi tt c cc gi tr ca x t 2 th gi
tr ca biu thc:
khng ph thuc vo
x
7. Chng minh rng vi tt c cc gi tr x 0 v y 0 th
gi tr ca biu thc:

khng ph thuc vo x, y
8. a/
b/
9. Cho
2
x
x x
x
x
x x
x
2
3 5
3
1
: 2
3
4
2
1
2
+

+
+

,
_

+
+
+
y x
y x
y xy x
y
y x
y xy x
y x
x
y x
+
1
1
]
1

,
_

+
+

.
2
4
: .
2 2
2 2
2 2 2
3 3
1
2
1
1
1 2
1
) 1 (
2 2
2
+
+
,
_

+
+

b
b b b
b

,
_

+
+

+
4 4
1
4
1
.
2
) 2 (
2
2 2
2
x x x
x
x
x

,
_

,
_

,
_

,
_

+ +

,
_

+ +

,
_

+
xy
xy
y
y
x
x
xy
xy
y
y
x
x
1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2
2
y x
y
x
x xy y
y x
x
y x
x
+
+
+
1
1
]
1

2
2
) (
2 2
2 2 2
b a
b a
a b
a
b a
a
a
b a
+
+
+
1
1
]
1

3
) ( ) (
) (
2 2 2
2
1
1
]
1

+ +
+

+ +

2
2 2
2 2
) 1 (
2
1 :
1 2
) ( 1
ax
x ax a
x a ax
x x a ax
P
a
x
1

a/ Chng minh rng vi tt c cc gi tr th gi tr

ca P khng ph thuc vo x
b/ Vi gi tr no ca a th P nhn gi tr nh nht v tm
gi tr .
10. Cho biu thc
a/ Tm iu kin i vi x biu thc K xc nh
b/ Rt gn biu thc K
c/ Vi gi tr nguyn no ca x th biu thc K c gi tr
nguyn ?
11. Cho biu thc

a/ Tm iu kin i vi x biu thc H xc nh
b/ Rt gn biu thc H
c/ Vi gi tr no ca x th biu thc H c gi tr dng?
III. Phng trnh bc nht mt n - Phng trnh thu gn
v dng
ax + b = 0
Phng trnh bc nht mt n
1. Khng gii phng trnh xt xem cc cp phng trnh
sau c tng ng khng?
a/ 3x +2 = 2x -1 v 3x + 4 = 2x + 1
b/ v 4 - 16x = 8x + 1
2. Vi gi tr no ca m th cp cc phng trnh sau tng
ng:
mx + 3 = 2x v (x-1) (x+1) - x (x - 2x) = 3
3
x
x
x
x x
x
x
x
x
K
2003
.
1
1 4
1
1
1
1
2
2
+

,
_

+
+

,
_

+

,
_

1
2
1 :
1
2
1
1
2 2 3
x
x
x x x
x
x
H
4
1
2 4 1 + x x
3. Tm gi tr ca m (m 3) hai phng trnh sau y
tng ng:
(m +1) x - 8 = 2x + m v mx - 3x = 2
Gii cc phng trnh sau:
1. a/ (3x -1)
2
- (2-3x)
2
= 5x + 2
b/ x
2
- 4x + 3 - (x+1)
2
= 4(x-2)
2. a/ (4-2x) + (5x -3) = (x-2) - (x+3)
b/ 5 - 3x - (4 - 2x) = x - 7 - ( x -2)
3. Tm cc gi tr m cho:
a/ Phng trnh c nghim bng -5
b/ Phng trnh 6x - 5m = 3 + 3mx c nghim s gp ba
nghim s ca phng trnh (x +1) (x-1) - (x + 2)
2
= 3
4. Tm nghim ca phng trnh:
a/ ; b/
* Gii cc phng trnh sau:
1. a/ 9x (x+6) - (3x+1)
2
= 1
b/ 16x (2-x) - (4x-5)
2
= 2
2. a/ Gii phng trnh (a-1)x + 3(a-1) = 0 (n x). C nhn
xt g v s nghim ca phng trnh khi a = 1
b/ Cng hi tng t vi phng trnh (a-1)x - 2a - 2 = 1
3. Gii phng trnh:
a/ (n y)

b/ ( n x)
4. Gii v bin lun cc phng trnh sau:
a/ ax + 2m = a + x (1)
4
x m mx 6
3
1
2
1
5
) 1 3 ( 2
4
1 9
3
2 ) 1 ( 5

+ x x x
5
5
) 2 ( 4
10
5 , 9 5
4
) 2 ( 3
+
+

+
x x x
a
y
a
y
a
y a
a
y
+

1
1
1
1 2
1
) 1 ( 2
1
1
4 4
2
3
2
2
) 1 ( ) 1 (
) 1 2 (
1
3 1 3
+
+
+
+
+
+

+
a
a
a a
x a
a
ab
x
a
ab
b/ ( a
2
+ b
2
) x - a = b - 2 ax ( 2)
IV. Phng trnh tch
1. Gii cc phng trnh sau:
a/ (x + 2) (2x - 3) = (x + 2)(3x - 4) b/ x
2
- 1 = 0
c/ (x +1)(x
2
- 2x + 3) = x
3
+ 1 d/ x
3
+ 3x
2
+ 3x + 1 =
4x + 4
2. Xc nh s hng t do m ca phng trnh: 6x
3
- 7x
2
-
16x + m = 0
Nu phng trnh c mt nghim bng 2. Tnh cc nghim
cn li.
3. Cho 2 v 3 l nghim ca phng trnh: 2x
3
+ mx
2
-13x +
n = 0 (1)
a/ Xc nh m v n
b/ Tm nghim th 3 ca phng trnh (1)
4. Gii phng trnh sau:
x
3
- (a + b + c) x
2
= - (ab + ac + bc)x + abc
V. Phng trnh c n s mu:
1. Gii cc phng trnh sau:
a/
b/

2. Gii cc phng trnh sau:
a/
b/
3. Tm cc gi tr ca y nu:
5
2
1
4 2
1
3 2
1
1
2 3

+
+

+
+
+
+

x
x
x x
x
x
x
9
6
7 2
1
21 2
13
2 2

+
+
+ x
x
x x
4
14
16 8
45
1
2

+
+
y
y y
3
3 6 3
4
1
5
2

+

x x
x
5 2
13 2
+

y
y
1 3
9 3

+
y
y
a/ Tng ca hai phn thc v bng 2
b/ Hiu ca hai phn thc v bng tch
ca chng
4. Gii phng trnh sau:
( a b)
5. Gii phng trnh sau:
VI. Gii bi ton bng cch lp phng trnh:
1. Nm nay m 36 tui, con 9 tui. Hi cch y bao nhiu
nm m gp 10 ln tui con?
2. Khong cch gia H Ni v Thi Bnh l 110km. Mt ng-
i i xe my t H Ni v Thi Bnh vi vn tc 45km/h. Mt
ngi khc cng i xe my t Thi Bnh ln H Ni vi vn tc
30km/h. Hi sau my gi h gp nhau?
3. Qung ng mt can i xui dng trong 4 gi bng 2,4
ln qung ng mt can i ngc dng trong 2 gi. Hi vn tc
can khi xui dng. Bit rng vn tc can khi nc yn tnh l
15km.
4. Mt hp tc x d nh bt mt khi lng c theo k hoch
trong 8 ngy. Nhng do thi tit tt h bt c hn 2 tn c
so vi k hoch m cn vt mc thi gian mt ngy. Nh vy mt
ngy h nh bt c hn so vi k hoch l 1 tn. Hi khi l-
ng c nh bt trong mt ngy ca hp tc x l bao nhiu?
5. Theo k hoch, hai t lao ng lm c 110 chi tit my.
Nhng do ci tin k thut nn t 1 vt 40% k hoch ca
mnh. T 2 vt 10% k hoch ca mnh, nn hai t lm -
6
4
6
y
2 + y
y
2 4
2 2
2
2
2
2
2 2 4
x b
b a abx
x b
x a
x b
x a

+
2 2
2
2 2
2
2
b x
x
a
x b
b
x a x

c 123 chi tit my. Hi theo k hoch mi t phi lm bao
nhiu chi tit my?
6. Hai ngi cng lm chung mt cng vic th 15 gi s xong.
Hai ngi lm c 8 gi th ngi th nht c iu i lm cng
vic khc, ngi th hai tip tc lm vic trong 21 gi na th
xong cng vic. Hi nu lm mt mnh th mi ngi phi lm
trong bao lu mi xong cng vic?
7. Mt on thng di 23 cm c chia lm hai on. Trn
mi on ngi ta dng cc hnh vung. Tm di mi on,
bit rng din tch ca tng hai hnh vung l 265 cm
2
?
VII. Lin h gia th t v php cng:
1. Cho a > b hy so snh:
a/ a + 3 v b + 3 b/ -7 + a v - 7 + b
2. Vi m bt k chng t:
a/ 5 + m < 7 + m b/ - 2 - m < -1 - m
3. Cho 7 + m < 10 chng t m < 3 ngc li m < 3 th 7 + m
< 10
VIII. Lin h gia th t v php nhn:
1. Cho a v b l cc s dng, chng t
2. Cho a v b l cc s khng dng, chng t rng a
3
+ b
3

ab(a+b)
3. Chng t vi bt k gi tr no ca a, cc bt ng thc
sau lun lun ng
a/ 10a
2
- 5a + 1 > a
2
+ a b/ a
2
- a 50a
2
- 15a +
1
IX. Bt phng trnh mt n:
7
2 +
a
b
b
a
1. Biu din tp nghim ca bt phng trnh sau ln trc
s:
a/ x > 2, 5; b/ x 3,4; c/ x 8; d/
x < -1,5
2. Biu din tp nghim ca cc bt phng trnh sau trn
trc s:
a/ 0 < x 1; b/ 4 > x 3
c/ -1 x < 5; d/ -3 x < - 1
3. Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:
a/ 4 (2 + x) > 6 + 2x; b/ 4 (x - 1) + 2 (2x - 2)
< 0
c/ - (5 - x) 3 (2 + x); d/ - (3x - 2) + 3 ( 8 +
x) 1

X. Bt phng trnh bc nht mt n:
1. Tm nghim nguyn ln nht ca bt phng trnh:
4 (2 - 3x) - ( 5 - x) > 11 - x
2. Tm nghim nguyn nh nht ca bt phng trnh:
2 ( 3 - z) - 1, 5 ( x - 4) < 3 - x
3. Vi gi tr no ca a th phng trnh n x:
a/ 3x + 5 (a
2
- 1) - 5a (a + 2) - 3 > 0, c tp nghim dng?
b/ , c tp nghim m ?
4. Gii bt phng trnh v biu din tp nghim trn trc
s:
a/ b/
c/
8
0
2
2
6
1
3
2

+
+

a
x x x
2
8
1 2
4
3
>

x x
x y
y y

6
1 2
1
3
1
1
10
3
5
1
>
+

z z
z
5. Gii bt phng trnh sau:
a/ (x +1) ( x - 1) < 0 b/ (x -5) (x -2) > 0

c/ d/
XI. Phng trnh cha du gi tr tuyt i:
1. a/ | x + 5| = 2 b/ | x + 1| = 2x
c/ | x - 1| = 3x +1 d/ | 5 - x | = 3x -1
2. a/ b/
c/ d/ | x + 1| = | x(x+1)|
3. Gii cc phng trnh sau:
a/ |3x| + 2x - 5 = 0 b/ 5x - 3 + | -3x| = 13
c/ | 1 - x| + 4x (x -1) = 4x
2
+ 3x d/ (x -2)
2
+ x(x +
1) = 2x
2
- |x +1|
4. Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:
a/ | x + 5| > 3 b/
b/ | x - 6| < 3 d/ | 5 - 2x| 1
9
0
2
1
>
+
+
x
x
0
7
5
<
+

x
x
1 3
5
| 1 |

x
x
1 4
3
| 3 |
+

x
x
x
x
x
2 5
| 1 |
7 6

+
2
1
| 2 | x