HA HC 10-DUYEN HI 2009

S GIO DC V O TO HI PHNG
TRNG THPT CHUYN TRN PH
GII THIU

THI CHN HSG VNG DUYN HI BC B

LN TH II
MN: HO HC LP 10
Thi gian lm bi 180 pht

Cu 1. (2,5 im) Cu to nguyn t - phn ng ht nhn

1. Liu php phng x c ng dng rng ri cha ung th. C s ca liu php l s bin
i ht nhn.
59
+ 0n1 X?
(1)
27Co
60
X? 28Ni + ... ; h = 1,25 MeV
(2)
a. Hy hon thnh phng trnh ca s bin i ht nhn trn v nu r nh lut no c p
dng hon thnh phng trnh.
b. Hy cho bit im khc nhau gia phn ng ht nhn vi phn ng oxi ho-kh (ly th d t
phn ng (2) v phn ng Co + Cl2 CoCl2).
2. Cho cu hnh electron 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1
(1)
a. Dng k hiu lng t biu din cu hnh electron (1).
b. Cu hnh electron (1) l cu hnh electron ca nguyn t hay ion ? Ti sao ?
c. Cho bit tnh cht ho hc c trng ca ion hay nguyn t ng vi cu hnh electron (1), hy
vit mt phng trnh phn ng minh ha.
Z2
3. Bit En = -13,6. 2 (n: s lng t chnh, Z: s n v in tch ht nhn).
n
a. Tnh nng lng 1e trong trng lc mt ht nhn ca mi h N6+, C5+, O7+.
b. Qui lut lin h gia En vi Z tnh c trn phn nh mi lin h no gia ht nhn vi
electron trong cc h ?
c. Tr s nng lng tnh c c quan h vi nng lng ion ho ca mi h trn hay khng ?
Tnh nng lng ion ho ca mi h.
Cu 2. (2,5 im) Lin kt ho hc, hnh hc phn t - nh lut tun hon
1. Cho cc nhm phn t v ion sau:
a. NO2; NO2+; NO2-.
b. NH3; NF3.
Hy cho bit dng hnh hc ca phn t v ion cho, ng thi sp xp chng theo chiu gc
lin kt chiu gim dn. Gii thch.
2. So snh momen lng cc gia hai phn t NH3 v NF3. Gii thch.
3. Thc nghm xc nh c momen lng cc ca phn t H2O l 1,85D, gc lin kt HOH l
o
104,5 , di lin kt O H l 0,0957 nm. Tnh ion ca lin kt O H trong phn t nc(b qua
momen to ra do cc cp electron ha tr khng tham gia lin kt ca oxy).
Bit:
S th t Z ca cc nguyn t: 7(N); 8(O); 9(F); 16(S)
1D = 3,33.10-30 C.m
in tch ca electron l -1,6.10-19C; 1nm = 10-9m.
Cu 3. (2,5 im) Nhit ho hc v cn bng ho hc
Mt phn ng dng luyn km theo phng php kh l:
ZnS(r) + 3/2O2(k) ZnO(r) + SO2(k)
o
1. Tnh H ca phn ng nhit 298K v 1350K, coi nhit dung ca cc cht khng ph
thuc vo nhit min nhit nghin cu.
2. Gi thit ZnS nguyn cht. Lng ZnS v khng kh (20% O2 v 80% N2 theo th tch) ly ng
t l hp thc bt u 298K s t n nhit no khi ch hp th lng nhit ta ra do phn ng
iu kin chum ti 1350K (lng nhit ny ch dng nng nhit cc cht u)
Hi phn ng c duy tr c khng, ngha l khng cn cung cp nhit t bn ngoi, bit rng phn ng
trn ch xy ra nhit khng thp hn 1350K?
3. Thc t trong qung sfalerit ngoi ZnS cn cha SiO2. Vy hm lng % ca ZnS trong qung
ti thiu phi l bao nhiu phn ng c th t duy tr c?
Bit:
ZnS(r)
ZnO(r)
SO2(k)
O2(k)
N2(k)
SiO2(r)
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HA HC 10-DUYEN HI 2009

Ho (kJ.mol-1)
-202,92
-347,98
o
-1
-1
C p (J.K .mol ) 58,05
51,64
MZnS = 97,42g.mol-1; MSiO2 = 60,10g.mol-1

-296,90
51,10

34,24

30,65

72,65

Cu 4. (2,5 im) Dung dch in li: Cn bng axit baz, kt ta, to phc
Kali dicromat l mt trong nhng tc nhn to kt ta c s dng rng ri nht. Nhng cn
bng sau c thit lp trong dung dch nc ca Cr(VI)
HCrO4- + H2O CrO42- + H3O+
(1a)
pK1 = 6,50
22HCrO4 Cr2O7 + H2O
(1b)
pK2 = -1,36
1. Tch s ion ca nc KW = 1,0.10-14.
Tnh hng s cn bng ca cc phn ng sau:
CrO42- + H2O HCrO4- + OHCr2O72- + 2OH- 2CrO42- + H2O
2. Tch s tan ca BaCrO4 l T = 1,2.10-10. Ba2Cr2O7 tan d dng trong nc. Cn bng ca phn
ng (1b) s di chuyn theo chiu no khi thm cc tc nhn sau vo dung dch tng i m c ca
kali dicromat?
a. KOH
b. HCl
c. BaCl2
d. H2O (xt tt c cc cn bng trn).
-5
3. Hng s phn ly ca axit axetic l Ka = 1,8.10 . Hy tnh tr s pH ca cc dung dch sau:
a. K2CrO4 0,010M
b. K2Cr2O7 0,010M
c. K2Cr2O7 0,010M + CH3COOH 0,100M
4. Hy tnh nng ti cn bng ca cc ion: CrO42- v Cr2O72- trong dung dch K2Cr2O7 0,010M +
CH3COOH 0,100M.
Cu 5. (2,5 im) Phn ng oxi ho kh v in phn
1. Cho bit cc gi tr Eo (th in cc tiu chun) ca cc cp oxi ho kh nh sau:
2+
Fe3+/Fe2+
F2/2F Cl2/2ClBr2/2BrI2/2IMnO4 / Mn
Eo (V)
+0,77
+2,87
+1,36
+1,07
+0,54
+1,51

3+
Cr2O2
7 /Cr

+1,33

a. Trong cc mui kali halogenua (KX), mui no s tc dng c vi dung dch FeCl3?
b. Dung dch axit HBr c th kh c dung dch MnO4- v dung dch Cr2O72- hay khng? Vit
cc phng trnh ho hc minh ho.
2. Cho ming km sch tip xc vi dung dch nc bo ho oxi (PO2 = 1,00 atm) cha HCl v
ZnCl2 c nng mol/l ln lt l 1,00 v 1,00M. Nhit ca dung dch in ly l 25oC. Hi Zn c b
ho tan trong dung dch ny hay khng? Bit: EoZn2+/Zn = - 0,762v; EoO2/H2O = +1,229v
Cu 6. (2,5 im) Halogen
1. Kh clo iu ch t KMnO4 v HCl c thng b ln kh HCl v hi nc, c kh clo kh
ngi ta lp thit b sao cho Cl2 i qua bnh A ri n bnh B. Hy chn cht cha trong bnh A v bnh B
c kt qu tt nht trong s cc cht lng sau: H2SO4 c, H2O v cc dung dch NaOH, KHCO3. Gii
thch.
2. Trong dy oxi axit ca clo, axit hipoclor l quan trng nht. Axit hipoclor c:
- Tnh axit rt yu, yu hn axit cacbonic.
- Tnh oxi ho mnh lit.
- Rt d b phn tch khi c nh sng mt tri, khi un nng.
Hy vit cc phng trnh ho hc minh ho cc tnh cht .
Cu 7. (2,5 im) Oxi lu hunh
Cho mt lng bt oxit ca kim loi thng dng M tc dng vi lng d hidro trong iu kin
nung nng, thu c 16,8 gam kim loi M v 7,2 gam nc.
1. Ho tan lng kim loi trn trong dung dch axit HCl d, thy thot ra 6,72 lt kh H 2. Xc nh
cng thc ca oxit kim loi M.
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HA HC 10-DUYEN HI 2009

2. Nu ho tan hon ton lng oxit kim loi trn bng dung dch H 2SO4 c, nng thu c hai
kh A v B (MA > MB) vi t l s mol tng ng l 2/3 v mt dung dch. Vit phng trnh ho hc biu
din phn ng xy ra v tnh th tch ca tng kh A, B to thnh.
Th tch cc kh o iu kin tiu chun.
Cu 8. (2,5 im) Bi tp tng hp
Cho V lt kh CO qua ng s ng 5,8 gam oxit st Fe xOy nng mt thi gian th thu c hn
hp kh A v cht rn B. Cho B tc dng ht vi axit HNO3 long thu c dung dch C v 0,784 lt kh
NO. C cn dung dch C th thu c 18,15 gam mt mui st (III) khan. Nu ha tan B bng axit HCl d
th thy thot ra 0,672 lt kh. (Cc kh o iu kin tiu chun).
1. Xc nh cng thc ca oxt st
2. Tnh % theo khi lng cc cht trong B.

HNG DN GII
Trang 3 / 10

HA HC 10-DUYEN HI 2009

Cu 1. (2,5 im) Cu to nguyn t - phn ng ht nhn

1. Liu php phng x c ng dng rng ri cha ung th. C s ca liu php l s bin
i ht nhn.
59
+ 0n1 X?
(1)
27Co
X? 28Ni60 + ... ; h = 1,25 MeV
(2)
a. Hy hon thnh phng trnh ca s bin i ht nhn trn v nu r nh lut no c p
dng hon thnh phng trnh.
b. Hy cho bit im khc nhau gia phn ng ht nhn vi phn ng oxi ho-kh (ly th d t
phn ng (2) v phn ng Co + Cl2 CoCl2).
2. Cho cu hnh electron 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1
(1)
a. Dng k hiu lng t biu din cu hnh electron (1).
b. Cu hnh electron (1) l cu hnh electron ca nguyn t hay ion ? Ti sao ?
c. Cho bit tnh cht ho hc c trng ca ion hay nguyn t ng vi cu hnh electron (1), hy
vit mt phng trnh phn ng minh ha.
Z2
3. Bit En = -13,6. 2 (n: s lng t chnh, Z: s n v in tch ht nhn).
n
a. Tnh nng lng 1e trong trng lc mt ht nhn ca mi h N6+, C5+, O7+.
b. Qui lut lin h gia En vi Z tnh c trn phn nh mi lin h no gia ht nhn vi
electron trong cc h ?
c. Tr s nng lng tnh c c quan h vi nng lng ion ho ca mi h trn hay khng ?
Tnh nng lng ion ho ca mi h.
Hng dn gii
1. (a) nh lut bo ton vt cht ni chung, nh lut bo ton s khi v bo ton in tch ni ring,
c p dng:
in tch : 27 + 0 = 27; S khi : 59 + 1 = 60 X l 27Co60.
59
60
27Co + 0n1 27Co .
S khi : 60 = 60; in tch : 27 = 28 + x x = 1. Vy c 1e0.
60
60
27Co 28Ni + -1e; hv = 1,25MeV.
(b) im khc nhau
Phn ng ht nhn : xy ra ti ht nhn, tc l s bin i ht nhn thnh nguyn t mi. V d (b)
trn.
Phn ng ho hc (oxi ho - kh) : xy ra v electron nn ch bin i dng n cht, hp cht.

V d : Co + Cl2 Co2+ + 2Cl CoCl2.

Cht dng trong phn ng ht nhn c th l n cht hay hp cht, thng dng hp cht. Cht
dng trong phn ng oxi ho - kh, ph thuc vo cu hi m phi ch r n cht hay hp cht.
Nng lng km theo phn ng ht nhn ln hn hn so vi nng lng km theo phn ng ho
hc thng thng.
2. (a) Dng lng t biu din cu hnh :

(b) (1) l cu hnh e ca nguyn t v cu hnh d bn bo ho nn thuc kim loi chuyn tip (theo HTTH
cc nguyn t). Thuc kim loi chuyn tip th ion khng th l anion; nu l cation, s e = 24 th Z c th
l 25, 26, 27 ... Khng c cu hnh cation no ng vi cc s liu ny. Vy Z ch c th l 24.
(Nguyn t Ga c cu hnh [ar] 3d104s24p1, ion Ga2+ c cu hnh [ar] 3d104s1 bn nn khng th cn c vo
lp ngoi cng 4s1 suy ra nguyn t).
(c) Z = 24 nguyn t Cr, Kim loi (chuyn tip). Dng n cht c tnh kh.
Cr + 2HCl CrCl2 + H2
3. (a) Theo u bi, n phi bng 1 nn ta tnh E1. Do cng thc l E1 = 13,6 Z2 (ev) (2)
Th t theo tr s Z:
Z = 6 C5+ : (E1) C5+ = 13,6 x 62 = 489,6 eV
Z = 7 N6+ : (E1) N6+ = 13,6 x 72 = 666,4 eV
Z = 8 O7+ : (E1) O7+ = 13,6 x 82 = 870,4 eV
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HA HC 10-DUYEN HI 2009

(b) Quy lut lin h E1vi Z : Z cng tng E1 cng m (cng thp). Qui lut ny phn nh tc dng lc ht
ht nhn ti e c xt: Z cng ln lc ht cng mnh nng lng cng thp h cng bn, bn nht
l O7+.
(c) Tr nng lng c lin h vi nng lng ion ho, c th:
C5+ : I6 = (E1, C5+) = + 489, 6 eV.
N6+ : I7 = (E1, N6+) = + 666, 4 eV.
O7+ : I8 = (E1, O7+) = + 870,4 eV.
Cu 2. (2,5 im) Lin kt ho hc, hnh hc phn t - nh lut tun hon
1. Cho cc nhm phn t v ion sau:
a. NO2; NO2+; NO2-.
b. NH3; NF3.
Hy cho bit dng hnh hc ca phn t v ion cho, ng thi sp xp chng theo chiu gc
lin kt chiu gim dn. Gii thch.
2. So snh momen lng cc gia hai phn t NH3 v NF3. Gii thch.
3. Thc nghm xc nh c momen lng cc ca phn t H2O l 1,85D, gc lin kt HOH l
o
104,5 , di lin kt O H l 0,0957 nm. Tnh ion ca lin kt O H trong phn t nc(b qua
momen to ra do cc cp electron ha tr khng tham gia lin kt ca oxy).
Bit:
S th t Z ca cc nguyn t: 7(N); 8(O); 9(F); 16(S)
1D = 3,33.10-30 C.m
in tch ca electron l -1,6.10-19C; 1nm = 10-9m.
Hng dn gii
1. gii thch cu ny ta c th dng thuyt VSEPR hoc thuyt lai ha (hoc kt hp c hai).
a.
N
O

N
O

sp
sp2
(1) v (3): hnh gp khc.
(2) : thng
Gc lin kt gim theo th t sau: (2) (1) (3) do (2) khng c lc y electron ha tr ca N khng
tham gia lin kt, (1) c mt electron ha tr ca N khng lin kt dy lm gc ONO hp li i cht.
(3) gc lin kt gim nhiu hn do c 2 electron khng lin kt ca N y.
b.
sp

N
H

sp3
2. Gc lin kt gim theo chiu HNH - FNF v m in ca F ln hn ca H l in tch lch v
pha F nhiu hn lc y km hn.
(NH3) > (NF3)
Gii thch:
sp3

N
H

H
H

F
F

NH3 chiu ca cc momen lin kt v ca cp electron ca N cng hng nn momen tng cng
ca phn t ln khc vi NF3 (hnh v).
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HA HC 10-DUYEN HI 2009

3.
1 H
O

ca phn t bng tng cc momen ca hai lin kt (O H):

T s dng cc h thc lng trong tam gic ta tnh c momen ca lin kt O H l: 1,51D
Gi thit ion ca lin kt O H l 100% ta c:
0,0957.10 9 .1,6.10 19
1 (lt ) =
= 4,60 D
3,33.10 30
Ta d dng suy ra ion ca lin kt O H l 32,8%
Cu 3. (2,5 im) Nhit ho hc v cn bng ho hc
Mt phn ng dng luyn km theo phng php kh l:
ZnS(r) + 3/2O2(k) ZnO(r) + SO2(k)
1. Tnh Ho ca phn ng nhit 298K v 1350K, coi nhit dung ca cc cht khng ph
thuc vo nhit min nhit nghin cu.
2. Gi thit ZnS nguyn cht. Lng ZnS v khng kh (20% O2 v 80% N2 theo th tch) ly ng
t l hp thc bt u 298K s t n nhit no khi ch hp th lng nhit ta ra do phn ng
iu kin chum ti 1350K (lng nhit ny ch dng nng nhit cc cht u)
Hi phn ng c duy tr c khng, ngha l khng cn cung cp nhit t bn ngoi, bit rng phn ng
trn ch xy ra nhit khng thp hn 1350K?
3. Thc t trong qung sfalerit ngoi ZnS cn cha SiO2. Vy hm lng % ca ZnS trong qung
ti thiu phi l bao nhiu phn ng c th t duy tr c?
Bit:
ZnS(r)
ZnO(r)
SO2(k)
O2(k)
N2(k)
SiO2(r)
Ho (kJ.mol-1)
-202,92
-347,98
-296,90
Cop (J.K-1.mol-1) 58,05
51,64
51,10
34,24
30,65
72,65
MZnS = 97,42g.mol-1; MSiO2 = 60,10g.mol-1
Hng dn gii
1. Ho298 = -347,98 296,90 + 202,92 = -441,96kJ
Cop = 51,64 + 51,10 58,05 3/2.34,24 = -6,67J.K-1
H1350 = -448976,84J
C Po = C op ( ZnS ) + 3 2 C po(O2 ) + 6C po( N 2 ) = 293,31JK 1
T
2.
o
H 1350
+ 293,31dT = 0 T = 1829 K
298

T = 1829K > 1350K nn phn ng t duy tr c.

3. Gi x l s mol SiO2 c trong 1 mol ZnS
C po = C po( ZnS ) + 3 2 C po(O2 ) + 6C po( N 2 ) + xC op ( SiO2 ) = 293,31 + 72,65x( JK 1 )
1350

448976,84 +

298

1350

293,31dT +

72,65 xdT = 0 x = 1,84mol

298

%ZnS = 47%

Cu 4. (2,5 im) Dung dch in li: Cn bng axit baz, kt ta, to phc
Kali dicromat l mt trong nhng tc nhn to kt ta c s dng rng ri nht. Nhng cn
bng sau c thit lp trong dung dch nc ca Cr(VI)
HCrO4- + H2O CrO42- + H3O+
(1a)
pK1 = 6,50
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HA HC 10-DUYEN HI 2009

2HCrO4- Cr2O72- + H2O

(1b)
pK2 = -1,36
1. Tch s ion ca nc KW = 1,0.10-14.
Tnh hng s cn bng ca cc phn ng sau:
CrO42- + H2O HCrO4- + OHCr2O72- + 2OH- 2CrO42- + H2O
2. Tch s tan ca BaCrO4 l T = 1,2.10-10. Ba2Cr2O7 tan d dng trong nc. Cn bng ca phn
ng (1b) s di chuyn theo chiu no khi thm cc tc nhn sau vo dung dch tng i m c ca
kali dicromat?
a. KOH
b. HCl
c. BaCl2
d. H2O (xt tt c cc cn bng trn).
3. Hng s phn ly ca axit axetic l Ka = 1,8.10-5. Hy tnh tr s pH ca cc dung dch sau:
a. K2CrO4 0,010M
b. K2Cr2O7 0,010M
c. K2Cr2O7 0,010M + CH3COOH 0,100M
4. Hy tnh nng ti cn bng ca cc ion: CrO42- v Cr2O72- trong dung dch K2Cr2O7 0,010M +
CH3COOH 0,100M.
Hng dn gii:
1. a. Hng s cn bng:
K = [HCrO4-][OH-]/[CrO42-] = [H+][OH-]/([H+][CrO42-]/[HCrO4-]) = Kw/K1 = 3,2.10-8
b. Hng s cn bng:
K = ([CrO42-][H+]/[HCrO4-])2/([HCrO4-]2/[Cr2O72-])/([H+][OH-])2 = 4,4.1013.
2. a. phi
b. Tri
c. BaCl2 di cn bng qua phi do ion cromat lin kt to thnh hp cht kh tan:
Ba2+ + CrO42- = BaCrO4
d. H2O di cn bng qua phi do khi thm nc vo dung dch dicromat dn n vic lm long dung
dch v lm cho cn bng phn ly ca ion dicromat qua bn phi. Theo bi th pH ca dung dch phi
b hn 7. Vi s pha long ny th pH ca dung dch s tng ln nn cn bng phi chuyn dch v bn
phi.
3. a.
CrO42- + H2O = HCrO4- + OHK = 3,16.10-8.
CCr = [CrO42-] + [HCrO4-] + 2[Cr2O72-] [CrO42-]
[HCrO4-] [OH-]
Nh vy [OH-]2/CCr = K [OH-] = 1,78.10-5M nn [H+] = 5,65.10-10.
Vy pH = 9,25
b.
Cr2O72- + H2O = 2HCrO4K = 1/K2 = 4,37.10-2
HCrO4- = H+ + CrO42K = K1 = 3,16.10-7.
CCr = 2,0.10-2M = [CrO42-] + [HCrO4-] + 2[Cr2O72-] [HCrO4-] + 2[Cr2O72-]
[H+] [CrO42-] = x = (K1[HCrO4-])1/2
K2 = [Cr2O72-]/[HCrO4-] = (CCr x)/2x2
iu ny dn n phng trnh: 2K2x2 + x CCr = 0
Gii phng trnh trn ta thu c: x = 1,27.10-2M [H+] = 6,33.10-5M
Vy pH = 4,20
c.
Trong CH3COOH 0,10M th [H+] = (KaC)1/2 = 1,34.10-3 pH = 2,87
y l tr s cn thit. So snh tr s ny vi pH ca dung dch dicromat 0,1M cho trn (b) cho thy nh
hng ca K2Cr2O7 trn pH c th an tm b qua c.
4.
a. [HCrO4-] = 1,3.10-2M (3b) [CrO42-] = K1[HCrO4-]/[H+] = 3,0.10-6M
b. CCr = [CrO42-] + [HCrO4-] + 2[Cr2O72-] [Cr2O72-] = 3,7.10-3M
Cu 5. (2,5 im) Phn ng oxi ho kh v in phn
1. Cho bit cc gi tr Eo (th in cc tiu chun) ca cc cp oxi ho kh nh sau:
2+

3+
Fe3+/Fe2+
F2/2F Cl2/2ClBr2/2BrI2/2ICr2O2
MnO / Mn
7 /Cr
4

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HA HC 10-DUYEN HI 2009

Eo (V)

+0,77

+2,87

+1,36

+1,07

+0,54

+1,51

+1,33

a. Trong cc mui kali halogenua (KX), mui no s tc dng c vi dung dch FeCl3?
b. Dung dch axit HBr c th kh c dung dch MnO4- v dung dch Cr2O72- hay khng? Vit
cc phng trnh ho hc minh ho.
2. Cho ming km sch tip xc vi dung dch nc bo ho oxi (PO2 = 1,00 atm) cha HCl v
ZnCl2 c nng mol/l ln lt l 1,00 v 1,00M. Nhit ca dung dch in ly l 25oC. Hi Zn c b
ho tan trong dung dch ny hay khng? Bit: EoZn2+/Zn = - 0,762v; EoO2/H2O = +1,229v
Hng dn gii
1. a. Phn ng gia KX v FeCl3 nu c xy ra th theo phng trnh ion sau:
2X- + 2Fe3+ = X2 + 2Fe2+
- Trong trng hp X- l F- th Eo = 0,77 - 2,87 = - 2,1
X- l Cl- th Eo = 0,77 - 1,36 = - 0,59 V
X- l Br- th Eo = 0,77 - 1,07 = - 0,30 V
X- l I- th Eo = 0,77 - 0,54 = 0,23 V
Vy ch c KI c th kh c FeCl3 theo phn ng:
2KI + 2FeCl3 = 2FeCl2 + I2 + 2KCl
v phn ng c Eo > 0, ngha l Go < 0
b. Lp lun tng t nh trn ta thy dung dch HBr c th kh c dung dch
MnO 4 v dung dch Cr2O 27 theo cc phn ng :
2MnO4 + 16H+ + 10Br = 2Mn2+ + 8H2O + 5Br2

3+ + 7H O + 3Br
Cr2O2
2
2
7 + 14H + 6Br = 2Cr

2. Xc nh chiu hng t xy ra ca phn ng :

- Qu trnh oxi ha (Qu trnh 1):
Zn Zn2+ + 2e;
E 1o = 0,762 V
- Qu trnh kh (Qu trnh 2):
2H+ + 1/2O2 + 2e H2O;
E o2 = 1,229 V
- Th ca ton b qu trnh (nng ion Zn2+ v H+ bng n v) l:
o Eo = 1,99V
E o = E2
1

- Nng lng t do Go ca qu trnh:

Go = - nFEo = - 3,842. 10-5 J/mol

Bi v Go < 0; Zn t ha tan

Cu 6. (2,5 im) Halogen

1. Kh clo iu ch t KMnO4 v HCl c thng b ln kh HCl v hi nc, c kh clo kh
ngi ta lp thit b sao cho Cl2 i qua bnh A ri n bnh B. Hy chn cht cha trong bnh A v bnh B
c kt qu tt nht trong s cc cht lng sau: H2SO4 c, H2O v cc dung dch NaOH, KHCO3. Gii
thch.
2. Trong dy oxi axit ca clo, axit hipoclor l quan trng nht. Axit hipoclor c:
- Tnh axit rt yu, yu hn axit cacbonic.
- Tnh oxi ho mnh lit.
- Rt d b phn tch khi c nh sng mt tri, khi un nng.
Hy vit cc phng trnh ho hc minh ho cc tnh cht .

Hng dn gii

1. Bnh A cha H2O gi li HCl:

Gii thch: Bnh A ng H2O v HCl d tan trong nc, khi c mt HCl th Cl2
rt t tan trong dung dch ny.
Bnh B ng H2SO4 c c kh nng ht nc, khng tc dng vi
Cl2 :
2. Hc sinh vit phng trnh hp l: cho im.
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HA HC 10-DUYEN HI 2009

Cu 7. (2,5 im) Oxi lu hunh

Cho mt lng bt oxit ca kim loi thng dng M tc dng vi lng d hidro trong iu kin
nung nng, thu c 16,8 gam kim loi M v 7,2 gam nc.
1. Ho tan lng kim loi trn trong dung dch axit HCl d, thy thot ra 6,72 lt kh H2. Xc nh
cng thc ca oxit kim loi M.
2. Nu ho tan hon ton lng oxit kim loi trn bng dung dch H2SO4 c, nng thu c hai
kh A v B (MA > MB) vi t l s mol tng ng l 2/3 v mt dung dch. Vit phng trnh ho hc biu
din phn ng xy ra v tnh th tch ca tng kh A, B to thnh.
Th tch cc kh o iu kin tiu chun.
Hng dn gii
+ Gi oxit kim loi l MxOy ( x, y nguyn dng ) ta c : MxOy + yH2 xM + yH2O (1)
2M + 2n HCl = 2MCln + nH2 (2) trong n l ho tr ca kim loi trong mui
clorua.
T (2) n(M) = 2. n(H2)/n = 0,6 / n (mol) => m(M) = M. 0,6/n = 16,8 gam. => M =
28n
Vi
n = 1, 2, 3 th nghim tho mn l n = 2 , M = 56 v kim loi l Fe.
T (1) x : y = 0,3 : 0,4 = 3: 4. Vy cng thc ca o xit l Fe3O4
+ Do Fe3O4 tc dng vi H2SO4 c, nng thu c 2 kh A, B , m Ma > MB nn A l SO2
v B l H2S. T l nA : nB = 2 : 3 nn phng trnh ha hc l:
2. | 2Fe3O4 + 10H2SO4 = 3Fe2(SO4)3 + 10 H2O + SO2
(3)
3. | 8Fe3O4 + 37H2SO4 = 12Fe2(SO4)3 + 36 H2O + H2S (4)
Nhn (3) vi 2 , nhn (4) vi 3 ri cng li ta c phng trnh chung
28Fe3O4 + 131H2SO4 = 42Fe2(SO4)3 + 128 H2O + 2 SO2 + 3H2S (5)
Theo (1) : n(Fe3O4) = 0,1 mol.
Theo (5):

V(SO ) =
2

n(SO ) =
2

0,16 lit.

0,1/ 14

mol.

V(H S) =
2

n(H S) =
2

0,3 / 28 mol

0,24 lit

Cu 8. (2,5 im) Bi tp tng hp

Cho V lt kh CO qua ng s ng 5,8 gam oxit st Fe xOy nng mt thi gian th thu c hn
hp kh A v cht rn B. Cho B tc dng ht vi axit HNO3 long thu c dung dch C v 0,784 lt kh
NO. C cn dung dch C th thu c 18,15 gam mt mui st (III) khan. Nu ha tan B bng axit HCl d
th thy thot ra 0,672 lt kh. (Cc kh o iu kin tiu chun).
1. Xc nh cng thc ca oxt st
2. Tnh % theo khi lng cc cht trong B.
Hng dn gii
1. n Fe / Fe x O y = n Fe ( NO 3 )3 = 0,075 ( mol )
5,8 0,075 .56
= 0,1(mol )
16
n Fe : n O = 0,075 : 0,1 = 3 : 4
n O / Fe x O y =

Vy cng thc ca B l Fe3O4

2. B c th cha Fe, FeO (a mol) v Fe3O4 d (b mol)
3Fe3O4 + 28HNO3 9Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2O
3FeO + 10HNO3 3Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 5H2O
Fe + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O
0,672

Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2 , n Fe = n H 2 = 22 ,4 = 0,03 (mol )

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HA HC 10-DUYEN HI 2009

56.0,03 + 72a + 232b = 5,16 a = 0

a b

ta c :
0,03 + + = 0,035
b = 0,015

3 3
% m Fe =

0,03.56
.100% = 32,56% v %m Fe3O 4 = 100% 32,56% = 67,44% n Fe / Fe x O y = n Fe ( NO 3 )3 = 0,075 (mol )
5,16

5,8 0,075 .56

= 0,1(mol )
16
n Fe : n O = 0,075 : 0,1 = 3 : 4
n O / Fe x O y =

Vy cng thc ca B l Fe3O4

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