Chemistry Success in 20 Minutes a Day

Phng php gii nhanh bi ton kim loi tc dng vi O2

1. Mt s ch :
Hu ht cc kim loi u tc dng vi oxi (tr Au, Ag, Pt):
n
2M +
O2 M2On
(1)
2
gii nhanh cn ch :
mrn (hoc moxit) = mkl + mO

v n O = n O2 trong oxit

Sau qu trnh (1) thng cho oxit hoc sn phm rn tc dng vi:
1- Dung dch cc axit HCl, H2SO4 long khi : ta lun c
2H+ + O-2 (trong oxit) H2O

(2) tc n H+ = 2n O 2

2- Dung dch axit c tnh oxi ha mnh nh HNO3, H2SO4 c nng: thng p dng
LBT e (ch p dng LBTKL tnh mO = mrn (hoc moxit) mkl)
1 mol O2- = 2 mol Cl-

Cn bng in tch:

=> n O2 = 2n Cl

1 mol O2- = 1 mol SO42- => n O2 = nSO24

mmui = mkl + mgc axit = moxit mO + mgc axit

2. Bi tp p dng:
Bi 1: t chy m gam hn hp 3 kim loi Mg, Cu, Zn thu c 34,5 gam hn hp rn X
gm 4 oxit kim loi. ha tan ht hn hp X cn va dung dch cha 0,8 mol HCl. Gi
tr ca m l:
A. 28,1
B. 21,7
C. 31,3
D. 24,9
Hng dn gii:
Ta c:
+ m gam (Mg, Cu, Zn) + O2 34,5 gam rn X (4 oxit)
Bc 1: p dng LBT khi lng
34,5 m
= n O 2
=> mO = moxit m = 34,5 m => n O =
16
+ 34,5 gam rn X + 0,8 mol HCl (va ):
Bc 2: Thc cht phn ng: 2H+
+ O2- H2O
0,8 mol
0,4 mol
34,5 m
= 0, 4 => m = 28,1 gam. p n A
=>
16

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Chemistry Success in 20 Minutes a Day

Bi 2: Cho 2,13 gam hn hp X gm Mg, Al, Cu, Fe dng bt tc dng hon ton
vi oxi thu c hn hp Y gm cc oxit c khi lng 3,33 gam. Th tch dung dch
hn hp HCl 1M v H2SO4 2M va phn ng ht vi Y l:
A. 15 ml
B. 30 ml
C. 45 ml
D. 50 ml
Hng dn gii:
+ 2,13 gam X (Mg, Al, Cu, Fe) + O2 3,33 gam hn hp Y (cc oxit)
Bc 1: p dng LBT khi lng
1, 2
= 0, 075
=> mO = 3,33 2,13 = 1,2 gam => n O2 =
16
+ 33,3 gam Y + V (l) (HCl 1M v H2SO4)
Bc 2:
2H+

n
+

0,15 mol

H+

= V(1+4) =5V (mol)

O2- H2O
0,075 mol

=> 5V = 0,15 => V = 0,03 lt hay 30 ml p n B

Bi 3: t chy a gam bt Fe thu c b gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe3O4 v Fe2O3
(trong s mol FeO bng s mol Fe2O3). ha tan ht b gam X cn va 80 ml
dung dch HCl 1M. Gi tr ca a v b ln lt l:
A. 1,68; 2,32
C. 4,00; 4,64
B. 1,12; 1,76
D. 2,24; 3,48
Hng dn gii:
+ V n FeO = n Fe2O3 nn coi FeO.Fe2O3 = Fe3O4, khi X ch c Fe3O4
Fe3O4 + 8H+ FeCl2
+ FeCl3 + 4H2O
0,01 mol 0,08 mol
=> b = 0,01.232 = 2,32 gam
+ Ta c: 2H+ + O2- H2O
0,08
0,04
=> mO(oxit) = 0,04.16 = 0,64 gam
Mt khc: b = mFe + mO => mFe = 2,32 0,64 = 1,68 gam
Hoc 0,01 mol Fe3O4 => c 0,01.3 = 0,03 mol Fe (Fe3O4)
=> n Fe(bd) = n Fe(Fe3O 4 ) = 0, 03 mol => mFe = 0,03.56 = 1,68 gam.
p n A.
Bi 4: Nung m gam bt Fe trong O2 thu c 11,36 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO,
Fe2O3 v Fe3O4. Cho ton b X phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO 3 long d, thu c
1,344 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht) (ktc). Gi tr ca m l:
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Chemistry Success in 20 Minutes a Day

A. 8,4
B. 11,2
Hng dn gii:

C. 11,36
+5

Trng thi u: Fe0, O20, HNO3

D. 8,96
+2

Trng thi cui: Fe+3, O2-, NO

Qu trnh nhng e: Fe - 3e Fe3+

m
3m
56
56
Qu trnh nhn e:
O2
+
4e
O-2
11,36 - m
11,36 - m
32
8
+5
N
+ 3e
N+2
0,18
0,06
p dng LBT electron:
3m 11,36-m
=
+0,18 => m=8,96gam p n D.
56
8
Bi 5: Ha tan ht hn hp gm 6,96g Fe3O4, 1,6g Fe2O3, 1,02g Al2O3 vo V(ml) dung
dch cha HCl 0,5M v H2SO4 0,25M. Gi tr V l:
A. 560 ml
B. 480 ml
C. 360 ml
D. 240 ml
Hng dn gii:
Bc 1: Tnh s mol ca oxi trong cc oxit:
6,96
1,6
1,02
n O = 4.n Fe3O 4 +3.n Fe2O3 +3.nAl2O3 => n O =4.
+3.
+3.
=0,18 mol
232
160
102
Bc 2: Tnh s mol ion H+
nH + = nHCl + 2nH 2SO4 = 0,5V + 2.0,25V = V (mol)
2H+
+ O-2 H2O
0,36 mol
0,18 mol
=> V = 0,36 lt = 360 ml p n C
Bi 6: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Mg, Fe, Zn dng bt tc dng hon ton vi oxi
thu c 2,81 gam hn hp Y gm cc oxit. Ha tan hon ton lng Y trn vo
H2SO4 long, va . Sau phn ng c cn dung dch thu c 6,81 gam hn hp mui
sunfat khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 4,00
B. 4,02
C. 2,01
D. 6,03
Hng dn gii:
1 mol O-2 (oxit) 1 mol SO42- (mui) m = 96 - 16 = 80 gam .
0,05 mol O-2 (oxit)

m = 6,81 - 2,81 = 4 gam (Theo bi)

=> mO(oxit) = 0,05.16 = 0,08gam.

M mOxit = mkl + mO => mkl = 2,81 0,8 = 2,01 gam

p n C.

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Chemistry Success in 20 Minutes a Day

Bi luyn tp
Bi 1: Ha tan hon ton 2,81 gam hn hp gm Fe 2O3, MgO, ZnO trong 500 ml axit
H2SO4 0,1M, va . Sau phn ng, hn hp mui sunfat khan thu c khi c cn
dung dch c khi lng l:
A. 6,81 gam
B. 4,81 gam
C. 3,81 gam
D. 5,81 gam
Bi 2: Cho 40 gam hn hp Au, Ag, Cu, Fe, Zn tc dng vi O2 d nung nng thu
c 46,4 gam cht rn X. Th tch dung dch HCl 2M c kh nng phn ng vi cht
rn l:
A. 200 ml
B. 400ml
C. 600 ml
D. 800 ml
Bi 3: Cho 2,13 gam hn hp X gm Mg, Al, Cu, Fe dng bt tc dng hon ton
vi oxi thu c hn hp Y gm cc oxit c khi lng 3,33 gam. Th tch dung dch
hn hp HCl 2M va phn ng ht vi Y l:
A. 57 ml
B. 90 ml
C. 75 ml
D. 50 ml
Bi 4: Cho 9,12 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 tc dng vi dung dch HCl d.
Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, c dung dch Y; c cn dung dch Y thu
c 7,62 gam FeCl2 gam v m gam FeCl3. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 9,75

B. 8,75

C. 7,80

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D. 6,50