Chng trnh tch hp GDBVMT qua mn Ha hc THPT 1.

Kh nng tch hp GDBVMT qua mn Ha hc cp THPT

Ho hc l mn khoa hc nghin cu thnh phn, tnh cht, ng dng, s bin i gia cc cht, sn xut cc cht. Do Ho hc c kh nng gio dc bo v mi trng rt to ln. Thng qua ni dung v cu to cht, tnh cht vt l v tnh cht ha hc, ng dng v iu ch cc cht ... mn ho hc c th gip HS tm hiu c mt cch su, sc, bn cht v: - Thnh phn cu to ca mi trng: t, nc, khng kh v th gii sinh quyn. - S bin i ca cc cht trong mi trng - nh hng ca cc yu t ti thnh phn ca mi trng - Ngun gy nhim mi trng: cc cht ho hc v tc hi sinh l ca chng vi ng thc vt v con ngi - Tiu chun mi trng v mc nhim mi trng. - Bin php ho hc, vt l, sinh ho bo v mi trng v chng nhim: x l nc thi sinh hot, nc thi cng nghip, cht thi rn.... - Bin php bo v mi trng trong hc tp ha hc. 2. Mc tiu
2.1. Mc tiu chung

a. V kin thc * Bc u hiu bit v thnh phn ho hc ca mi trng sng xung quanh ta ( t , nc, khng kh) trn c s tm hiu tnh cht ca cc cht ho hc.
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- Mi trng nc, mi trng khng kh, mi trng t - S bin i ho hc trong mi trng: Hiu bit v cht v c v hu c: thnh phn, tnh cht ho hc, tnh cht vt l, ng dng, iu ch. T c hiu bit v cht v tnh cht ca cc vt th v sinh, hu sinh v mt s bin i ca chng trong mi trng t nhin xung quanh. * Bit khi nim nhim mi trng, tc hi ca nhim mi trng - nhim mi trng nc, tc hi ca n. - nhim mi trng khng kh, tc hi ca n. - nhim mi trng t, tc hi ca n. * Hiu c nguyn nhn gy nhim mi trng trong c vai tr ca sn xut ho hc, s dng ho cht v cht thi trong sinh hot v sn xut. - Hiu c nguyn nhn ca s nhim mi trng: khng kh, nc, t v mi trng t nhin ni chung l do c cc cht c hi v c v hu c. Cc cht ny gy tc hi cho sc kho ca ngi ng vt, thc vt, cc vt, cc cng trnh kin trc, vn ho. - Hiu c mt s vn v nhin liu, cht t, nng lng ho hc, s oxi ha s chy v gy nhim mi trng khng kh. - Hiu c tnh nng v tc dng ca mt s ti nguyn thin nhin nh :nc, qung, du m, than . Vn khai thc, s dng v vic gy nhim mi trng. - Vn nhim mi trng trong thc hnh th nghim ho hc trng ph thng... * Bit c c s ho hc ca mt s bin php bo v mi trng sng - Thu gom v x l cht thi, phng chng cht c hi trong qu trnh tip xc, s dng mt cch khoa hc vi thuc tr su, phn bn ho hc... - Ho cht v vn v sinh an ton thc phm. - Trng nhiu cy xanh iu ha lng kh CO2 tng kh oxi gip bo v bu khng kh trong sch. b. V k nng: - Nhn bit mt s du hiu mi trng nhim. Nhn bit c mt s cht ha hc gy nhim t, nc, khng kh.
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- Bit cch x l mt vi cht thi n gin trong i sng sn xut v hc tp ha hc. - Bit thc hin mt s bin php n gin bo v mi trng sng. - Bit s dng mt s nhin liu, cht t, ti nguyn thin nhin hp l, gp phn bo v mi trng. - Bit thc hin mt vi bin php c th bo v mi trng trong hc tp ho hc trng trung hc ph thng. c. V thi : - C thc trch nhim bo v mi trng thin nhin cho bn thn, gia nh, cng ng v x hi. - C thc nhc nh ngi khc bo v mi trng.
2.2. Mc tiu GDBVMT qua cc ch Ch Mc tiu Mi trng sng ca chng ta - Kin thc: Bit c mi trng sng xung quanh chng ta u - Khi nim MT do cc cht to nn: , qung, nc( H2O), khng kh (O2,N2, - MT t nhin CO2, H2O). - MT nhn to Mi trng t nhin l mi trng cha chu tc ng ca con ngi - Ti nguyn thin nhin l mi trng sch. Mi trng nhn to: Mi trng c tc ng ca con ngi lm thay i thnh phn c bn ca t, nc, khng kh, sng, bin. Ti nguyn thin nhin gm cc qung st Fe2O3, Fe3O4, luyn gang,lu hunh, FeS2 sn xut H2SO4, phn bn ha hc, than , u m lm nhin liu v nguyn liu trong cng nghip v i sng... Ngoi ra cn c qung boxit ( Al2O3), qung ng, qung km...Than , du m, kh thin nhin, kh m du... - Thi Tnh cm:

C thc bo v mi trng sng anh, sch, p v c thc nhc nh mi ngi trong gia nh, cng ng, lp cng thc hin. - K nng Hnh vi Nhn bit c mi trng sng ca chng ta d l t nhin hay nhn to u c thnh phn l cc cht ha hc. Ti nguyn thin nhin nh nc, qung, than , du m... u c thnh phn l cc cht v c v cc cht hu c. Chng ul ngun nng lng, nhin liu, vt liu phc v cho i sng v sn xut. Quan h gia con ngi v mi trng - Con ngi l mt thnh vin ca MT - Vai tr ca MT i vi con ngi - Tc ng ca con ngi i vi MT - Dn s v MT cng nghip, th ho v MT - Kin thc: Con ngi l mt sinh vt trong mi trng c to nn t cc phn t cc nguyn t. Mi trng cung cp cho con ngi khng kh ( O2) th, H2O ung v sinh hot, t trng trt lm nh ca, qung, khong sn ch to ra cc vt dng... Con ngi v mi trng c mi quan h tc ng qua li vi nhau: Con ngi l ch th tm hiu quy lut s bin i gia cc cht trong mi trng v chu s tc ng ca mi trng ma axit lm h hi nh ca, cy trng, cng trnh kin trc; nng to, hn hn gy ra phn ng t chy rng gy cn kit v nhim mi trng...). Con ngi c tc ng ti mi trng: Sn xut ha cht, khai thc khong sn, khai thc cc ngun nng lng t nhin nh gi, nc, mt tri... lm cn kit ngun nhin liu, nguyn vt liu v nng lng mi trng. Sn xut ha hc to ra cc cht thi rn , lng, kh lm nhim mi trng ( tng nng kh CO2, CH4 gy hiu ng nh knh, tng nng cc kh SO2, NO2... gy hin tng ma axit, tng kh CFC lm thng tng ozon...).

S pht trin nn cng nghip ha v th ha nng thn to nn cc cht thi, rc thi cng nghip v rc thi y t. Cc cht thi u thuc loi cc cht v c, hu c c tc ng xu ti mi trng khng kh, t, nc( bim, h sng ngi). - Thi Tnh cm C thi tch cc lm gim cht thi, thu gom cht thi, s l cht thi chng nhim v vn ng mi ngi cng thc hin. - K nng Hnh vi Nhn bit c cc cht ph thi do con ngi to ra v c bin php s l loi b cht c hi cho con ngi v sinh vt. S nhim v suy thoi MT - nhim MT: nc, khng kh, ting n - Cht thi - Suy thoi rng - Suy thoi t - Suy gim a dng sinh hc - Kin thc S nhim mi trng nc, khng kh, t l do c cc cht lm thay i tnh cht l, ha thnh phn khng kh, t, nc khng c li cho s sng ca con ngi. - Cc cht thi gm rn, lng, kh thuc loi v c v hu c c nhng tnh cht nht nh gp phn lm suy thoi mi trng. - S suy thoi rng lm gim cng sut ca mt nh my khng l thu kh CO2 v to ra kh oxi. - S suy thoi t: Lm gim cc cht dinh dng cho cy trng. - nhim mi trng t, nc khng kh lm cho mt s loi b trit tiu dn n gim a dng sinh hc. - Thi Tnh cm Phn i nhng hnh vi vt rc thi ba bi lm nhim mi trng. - K nng Hnh vi S l cht thi c hi bo v mi trng sng, hc tp ha hc. Tng cng trng rng, trng cy xanh gp phn bo v mi trng xanh, sch, p.

Cc bin php bo v MT, pht trin bn vng - Nhng quy nh ca php lut v BVMT v PTBV - Cc hot ng BVMT - Nhim v ca hc sinh trong vic BVMT

- Kin thc: Bit cc bin php s l cht thi , rc thi, nc thi trong cng nghip. Bit s dng ha cht hp l s l cht thi trong phng th nghim, trong i sng hng ngy. Bit cch s dng thuc tr su, phn bn c hiu qu v trnh gy c hi cho ngi v sinh vt. Bit cch s dng cc cht st trng nh nc Gia- Ven, clorua vi kh trng, ty u gi mi trng trong sch. - Thi Tnh cm Tun theo nhng quy nh v bo v mi trng, tch cc tham gia cc hot ng thit thc bo v mi trng noi gia nh, trng hc, cng ng. - K nng Hnh vi Nhn bit mi trng b nhim, cht gy nhim, nguyn nhn nhimmi trng. xut gii php bo v mi trng trn c s khoa hc ha hc. S l cht thi kh, rn, lng sau th nghim ha hc trc khi a vo ng thot nc chung ca thnh ph.

2.3. Mc tiu GDBVMT qua cc chng/bi Lp Chng/Bi Kin thc

Mc tiu Thi Tnh

K nng

Phng thc

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Chng 1. Bi 2: Ht nhn nguyn t. Nguyn t ha hc. ng v.

- Bo v phng x: Tia phng x gy t bin gen nn gy bnh ung th cho ngi, nh hng nghim trng n sc khe ngi v ng vt, thc vt. - phng him ha do d d ca cc nh my in nguyn t.

cm thc c ch li v nh hng xu ca tia phng x i vi mi trng sng

Hnh vi tch hp - Nhn bit B phn phng x l v lin tc nhn h gy nhim mi trng khng kh, t nc. - Bin php x l cht thi nh my in nguyn t l cn o su chn cht trong lng t trong khi betong. - Nhn bit c ngun gy nhim, cht thi gy nhim. - xut bin php s l cht thi trn c s tnh cht l, B phn v lin h

Chng 4. Bi 17. Phn ng oxi ha- kh.

Phn ng oxi ha kh xy ratrong qu trnh t chy nhin liu, sn xut ha hc gy s nhim mi trng khng kh, mi trng t, nc.

thc c ch li v nh hng xu ca qu trnh sn xut ha hc, i vi mi trng sng

Chng 5. Bi 22. Clo

Chng 5. Bi 23. Hiro clorua. Axit clohiric v mui clorua.

- Kh clo vi con ngi, ng, thc vt. - iu ch kh clo trong phng th nghim v bin php bo v mi trng trong lp hc. - Sn xut clo trong cng nghip v vn nhim mi trng khng kh. Bit c sn xut HCl v axit clohiric s c cht thi gy nhim mi trng. Cch nhn bit c cht nhim: dung dch axit HCl v mui clo rua tan trong nc bng thuc th AgNO3

- C thc bo v mi trng trong cuc sng v hc tp ha hc. - Vn ng mi ngi thc hin. Vn dng tnh cht ca HCl v mui clorua xut bin php bo v mi trng.

Chng 5. Bi 24. Hp cht cha oxi ca clo Chng 5. Bi 25: Flo-BromIot.

Hiu c nc Gia Ven v Clorua vi c tc dng kh trng, dit khun, nm mc kh cht thi c hi bo v mi trng trong sch. Bit c flo, brom c c tnh gy hi cho sc khe ca con ngi, ng, thc vt. - Tc dng ca flo vi cc cht

C thc s dng cht kh trng c hiu qu. - C thc lm th nghim thnh cng an ton vi brom v

ha hc ca chng. - Nhn bit c cht gy nhim. - Kh cht thi c hi l kh clo, hp cht ca clo bng nc vi. - Nhn bit nguun v tc nhn gy nhim mi trng HCl - xut gii php kh cht thi c hi l HCl v cc cht khc c lin quan. - Nhn bit c cht dng kh trng, dit khun. - Tin hnh lm vic an ton vi ha cht.

B phn v lin h

B phn v lin h

B phn v lin h B phn v lin h

Bi c thm: S suy gim tng ozon. Bi c thm. nhim t do phn bn ha hc v thuc bo v thc vt. Chng 6. Bi 29: Oxi - ozon

rt mnh lit d gy n mnh ngay c trong bng ti gy nguy him n tnh mng con ngi. - Hp cht CFC gy nn s ph hy tng ozon. S dng phn bn ha hc, thuc bo v thc vt d gy nn s nhim t, nc, khng kh. Hiu c: - Vai tr ca oxi, ozon vi mi trng sng. - Vai tr ca tng ozon l ngn khng cho tia cc tm chiu xung tri t gy hi cho ngi v ng , thc vt. - S ph v tng ozon v hu qu i vi mi trng. Bit c: - H2S, SO2, SO3 c gy c hi cho con ngi. L mt trong nhng nguyn nhn gy ma axit. - Cch x l cht thi l H2S, SO2, SO3 bng nc vi. Hiu c:

iot. - C thc s dng an ton c hiu qu thuc bo v thc vt, phana bn ha hc gim nhim khng kh, t, nc.

- S dng phn bn, thuc tr su ng liu lng, ng phng php. - Xc nh tc nhn gy nhim mi trng. - Xc nh tc nhn ph hy tng ozon. - Xc nh gii php gi gn tng ozon. - Xc nh tc nhn c hi, gy nhim. - Kh cht thi, c hi sau th nghim. - Xc nh B phn v lin h

Gi gn mi trng trong sch.

Chng 6. Bi 32. Hiro sunfua H2S. Lu hunh ioxit SO2. Lu hunh trioxit SO3. Chng 6.

C thc kh cht c hi sau th nghim chng nhim mi trng.

B phn v lin h

C thc gi

B phn

Bi 33. Axit sun furic v mui sunfat

H2SO4 nht l H2SO4 c gy bng nng, lm hng cc gic quan nu tip xc vi n. - Cht thi gy nhim mi trng do sn xut H2SO4 v phn supephotphat. - Nhn bit axit H2SO4 v ion sunfat trong dung dch hoc trong cht thi.

gn an ton khi lm vic vi H2SO4 c.

Chng 6. Bi 35. Bi thc hnh s 5. Tnh cht cc hp cht ca lu hunh. Lp Chng/Bi

Cng c nhng hiu bit v tnh cht ca H2S, SO2, H2SO4 l nhng cht thi gy nhim. Lp 11 Kin thc Ni dung GDMT Thi Tnh cm Phi c thc bo v mi trng nc: Khng

c ngun gy nhim v cht thi gy nhim. - Bit gii php chng nhim phng th nghim, sn xut. - Nhn bit cht thi trong thc tin. - Kh cht thi H2S, SO2, H2SO4, c hi sau th nghim.

v lin h.

B phn v lin h.

K nng Hnh vi - Nhn bit nc t nhin b

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Chng 1. S in li Bi 1. S in li.

Hiu c: - Mi trng nc t nhin: nc ma, nc bin, sng ao h u

Ghi ch(Phng thc tch hp) Lin h

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ha tan cc cht in li v cht khng in li: axit, baz, mui., nhng cht c hi i vi ngi v sinh vt. - Nc t nhin u l dung dch in li c cha nhiu ion, khun , cc cht thi c hi do ha tan nhiu cht. Chng 1. S in li Bi 3. S in li ca nc, pH. Cht ch th axit, baz. Hiu c: pH ca dung dch cho bit mi trng ca dung dch l axit, baz hay trung tnh.

vt rc thi, ha cht xung sng, h ao... gy nhim mi trng

nhim. - Xc nh nuc t nhin l dung dch in li.

p dng kin thc v pH xc nh tnh cht ca mi trng.

Chng 1. S in li Bi 4. Phn ng trao i ion trong dung dch cc cht in li.

Hiu c - Gia cc dung dch trong t, nc u c th xy ra phn ng trao i ion to thnh cht rn, cht kh hoc cht in li yu lm thay i thnh phn ca mi trng. - Hiu c bn cht ca cc

C thc ci to mi trng nh cc phn ng ha hc.

- Bit c cng c xc nh tnh cht ca mi trng. - S dng giy pH hoc my o pH xc nh tnh cht mi trng nuc. - Tm ha cht c th thay i tnh cht ca mi trng.

B phn v lin h.

B phn v lin h.

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phn ng xy ra lm thay i thnh phn ca mi trng. Tin hnh thnh cng v an Chng 1. ton cc th nghim hiu Bi 6. Bi thc c bn cht ca cc phn hnh 1: ng xy ra trong dung dch nTnh axit-baz. c gia cc axit v baz, axit Phn ng trao i v mui, mui v mui v s ion trong dung dch thay i tnh cht ca mi in li. trng.

C thc x l cht thi sau th nghim.

Chng 2. NitPhotpho Bi 7. Nit

- Bit kh nit l thnh phn ch yu ca khng kh, N c trong t. N l nguyn t cn cung cp cho cy trng. - S bin i ca nit trong mi trng t nhin v nhim khng kh.

C thc s l cht thi chng nhim mi trng.

- Xc nh thnh phn ca mi trng nc bng cc cht ch th mu. - Thc hin th nghim cc phn ng xy ra lm thay i mi trng. - X l cht thi sau th nghim . - Xc nh s bin i cc cht trong mi trng t nhin : nit - nito oxit- axit HNO3 - Phn nitrat - Bit s l cht thi sau th nghim

B phn v lin h

B phn v lin h.

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Chng 2. NitPhotpho Bi 8: Amoniac v mui amoni

- Amoniac l cht ha hc c th gy nhim mi trng khng kh v mi trng nc. - Sn xut amoniac v cht gy nhim mi trng.

Chng 2. Bi 9. Axit nitric v mui nitrat.

Hiu c: - HNO3 v mui nitrat l nhng ha cht c bn trong sn xut ha hc. - Tc dng ca axit nitric v mui nitrat vi cc cht v s nhim mi trng. Hiu c: - Photpho l cht ch tn ti trong t nhin di dng hp cht trong qung. - S bin i ca photpho thnh axit photphoric v mui photphat. - Phn bn ha hc v vn nhim mi trng nc, bc mu t v v sinh an

Chng 2. Bi 10. Photpho Bi 11. Axit photphoric v mui photphat. Bi 12. Phn bn ha hc

v tnh cht ca nit. C thc gi - Nhn bit gn v sinh c NH3 v gi bu khng mui amoni kh v ngun nc c trong mi trong sch khng trng. b nhim bi - S l cht NH3. thi NH3 v mui amoni sau th nghim. C thc tip - Nhn bit xc v lm th axit nitric v nghim an ton mui nitrat. vi axit nitric v - S l cht mui amoni. thi sau th nghim v tnh cht ca HNO3. C thc s - Nhn bit dng hp l, an mui ton phn bn photphat v ha hc gim axit nhim mi trng photphoric, nc v bo m mt s phn v sinh an ton bn ha hc. thc phm. - S l cht thi sau th nghim v

B phn v lin h.

B phn v lin h,

B phn v lin h.

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tnh cht ca P, H3PO4 v mui photphat. Bi 14. Thc hnh: - Cng c, n tp tnh cht C thc s l - Tin hnh Tnh cht mt s ha hc ca hp cht nit, cht thi, bo v nhn bit hp cht nit, photpho. mi trng sau mt s phn photpho. - Bit k thut tin hnh th th nghim. bn ha hc. nghim thnh cng an ton - Tin hnh cc th nghim v s l cht s l cht thi sau th nghim thi, c hi bng nc vi. Chng3. CacbonHiu c: C thc bo v - Xc nh Silic Cc phn ng ca cacbon vi mi trng khng ngun v Bi 15. Cacbon oxi vi oxit kim loi u to kh, t trong nguyn nhn thnh kh CO2 v ta nhit. un nu th n, gy nhim - Hiu c nguyn nhn gy nung vi... mi trng. nhim mi trng trong qu - xut trnh s dng cacbon lm bin php nhin liu, cht t. bo v mi trng cn c vo tnh cht ca cht thi. Chng3. CacbonHiu c : C thc s l - Xc nh Silic - Qu trnh hnh thnh, tnh cht thi sau th ngun, Bi 16. Hp cht ca cht cc hp cht CO, CO2 gy nghim. nguyn nhn cacbon. nhim mi trng. CO rt gy nhim c c th gy nguy hi ti mi trng. tnh mng con ngi mt liu - Bin php

ton thc phm.

B phn v lin h.

Lin h.

Lin h

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Chng3. CacbonSilic Bi17. Silic v Hp cht casilic.

lng nht nh. CO2 l mt trong nhng th phm gy nn hiu ng nh knh. - Nguyn nhn ca s bo mn vi trong t nhin. Hiu c: - Silic l mt trong nhng nguyn t c nhiu nht to nn v tri t. - SiO2 v mui silicat c trong thnh phn chnh ca ct, t st, cao lanh trong t nhin. Hiu c: -Mui silicat l nguyn liu chnh ca cng nghip silicat. - Vn nhim mi trng khng kh, t, nc do cng nghip sn xut xi mng, thy tinh, gm, s.

s l cht thi sau th nghim. C thc gi gn bo v mi trng t, mi trng bin. B phn v lin h.

Nhn bit SiO2 v SiO32trong mi trng.

Chng3. CacbonSilic Bi 18. Cng nghip silicat.

C thc gi gn bo v mi trng t, mi trng bin.

Chng 4. i cng Ha hu c. Ba 20. M u v Ha hc hu

Hiu c : - Cht h c l thnh phn ca mi trng t nhin. - Cc Phng php phn tch

- Nhn bit du hiu nhim mi trng khng kh, t do sn xut xi mng, thy tinh.. - xut bin php bo v mi trng. - Xc nh thnh phn nguyn t trong hp

B phn v lin h.

B phn v lin h.

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c.

xc nh nguyn t trong hp cht hu c trong mi trng t nhin. Hiu c: -Thnh phn, tnh cht ca metan v dy ng ng ca metan v s bin i chng. - Kh metan l thnh phn chnh ca kh thin nhin, kh m du v mt trong thnh phn ca du m.

cht hu c.

Chng 5: Hirocacbon no. Bi 25, 26. Ankan v xicloankan.

Chng 5: Hirocacabon no. Bi 28. Thc hnh: Phn tch nh tnh nguyn t. iu ch v tnh cht ca metan.

- Cng c: Cc cht hu c u do C v H ... to nn. - Bit k thut tin hnh v cch xc nh C, H trong thnh phn cht hu c. - Bit k thut tin hnh th nghim iu ch v th tnh cht metan.

C thc tm hiu thnh phn, tnh cht cc cht trong mi trng t nhin: cc cht hu sinh c th bin thnh cc cht v sinh.

Chng 6. Hiu c: Hirocacbon khng - Thnh phn cu to, tnh

- Nhn bit thnh phn ha hc, tnh cht vt l ha hc ca mt loi cht trong mi trng. - Nhn bit cht gy nhim mi trng v s l cht thi sau th nghim. - Xc nh c thnh phn chnh ca cht hu c l C v H. - Th tnh cht ca CH4. - X l cht thi sau th nghim. - Nhn bit mt s cht

B phn v lin h

Lin h v b

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no. Bi 29. Anken. Bi 20. Ankaien. Bi 32. Ankin.

cht mt loi hp cht hu c c trong thnh phn ca mt s nhin liu, cht t - l nguyn liu quan trong ca tng hp hu c l etilen , axetilen v ng ng. - S bin i cc cht thnh cc vt liu nh PE, PVC, cao su... Chng 6. Cng c tnh cht v s bin Hirocacbon khng i cc cht trong mi trng. no. Bi 34. Thc hnh iu ch v tnh cht ca etilen, axetilen.

thuc loi phn. anken, ankin. - S l cht thi sau th nghim iu ch v tnh cht ca etilen. thc c kh nng ca khoa hc. B phn v lin h.

- Tin hnh thnh cng an ton th nghim iu ch etilen v axetilen, t chy v cc phn ng. - S l cht thi sau th nghim. Chng 7. Hiu c: Thnh phn cu to, Gi gn trong Ch s l Hirocacbon thm. tnh cht ca benzen v khi th nghim cht thi sau Ngun hirocacbon ng ng ca benzen c hoc tip xc vi th nghim thin nhin. to ra bng phng php ha benzen. Bi 35. Benzen v hc. ng ng. Benzen c c tnh c th gy ng th. S bin i ca ben zen

Lin h

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thnh cc cht khc. Chng 7. Bit c: Hirocacbon thm. - Thnh phn ha hc ca Ngun hirocacbon ngun hirocacbon trong thin nhin thin nhin: Du m, kh thin Bi 37. Ngun nhin, kh m du , than m. hirocacbon thin - Khai thc, ch bin u m, nhin. kh thin nhin, kh m du , than m v chng nhim mi trng.

Chng 8. Dn xut halogen- AncolPhenol. Bi 39. Dn xut halogen. Bi 40. Ancol. Bi 41. Phenol Chng 8. Dn xut Halogen - Ancol Phenol. Bi 43. Bi thc hnh; Tnh cht ca etanol, glixerol v

Hiu c: - S bin i t cc cht trong mi trng t nhin thnh cc cht nhn to. - Cu to phn t, Tnh cht ca loi cht v s bin i ca chng. - Ngun v nguyn nhn gy nhim mi trng. Cng c s bin i v tnh cht ca cc cht nhn to.

- Nhn bit thnh phn, tnh cht ca khong sn. - Thu thp thng tin v vn bo v mi trng trong khai thc, vn chuyn, ch bin du m, than . - Nhn bit dn xut halogen, ancol, phenol. - S l cht thi sau th nghim. - Phn bit etanol, glixerol v phenol. - S l cht thi sau th nghim

B phn v lin h.

Lin h

B phn v lin h.

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phenol. Chng 9. AnehitXeton - Axit cacboxylic. Bi 44,45 Bi 47. Bi thc hnh: Tnh cht ca anehit v axit cacboxylic.

Hiu c s bin i cc cht t t nhin thnh cc cht nhn to. Hiu c nguyn nhn gy nhim mi trng. Hiu c nguyn nhn tnh cht, ng dng, iu ch ca mt s cht trong mi trng t nhin v nhn to. Hiu c nguyn nhn gy nhim mi trng.

- Nhn bit cc cht c th. - S l cht thi sau th nghim. - Nhn bit cc cht c th. - S l cht thi sau th nghim.

Lin h

B phn v lin h.

Lp 12 Lp Chng/Bi Kin thc Ni dung GDMT Thi Tnh cm C thc s K nng Hnh vi Bit s dng Ghi ch (Phng thc tch hp) B phn

12

Chng 1. Este- Lipit

Hiu c:

19

Bi 4. Cht git ra - Thnh phn tnh cht ca x phng, cht git ra tng hp s dng hp l , hiu qu trong vic lm sch qun o, lm sch mi trng. - Mt s cht git ra tng hp c cha hirocacbon phn nhnh gy nhim mi tring v chng khng b vi sinh vt phn hy. Chng 2. Hiu c: Cacbohirat - Thnh phn cu to, tnh Bi 7. Saccaroz cht ca ng, tinh bt v Bi 8. Tinh bt xenluloz Bi 9. Xenluloz s dng, bo qun hp l. - Vn chng nhim mi trng trong sn xut ng, sn xut giy, sn xut ru, bia... - Qu trnh quang hp ca cy xanh: ht kh CO2v H2O to thnh tinh bt gp phn m bo cn bng mi trng. Chng 2. Cacbohirat Bi thc hnh Este v gluxit. Bit tin hnh mt s th nghim tm hiu tnh cht ring ca cht bo, glucoz, saccaroz, tinh bt gip hiu c s bin i cc cht trong mi trng t nhin.

dng cht git ra lm sch mi trng.

x phng, v lin cht git ra h hp l, ph hp vi loi nc, chng nhim mi trng.

C thc trng v bo v cy xanh.

- Bo qun ng, ng cc hp l bo m v sinh an ton thc phm. - S dng bo qun dng bng tre, g. - Bit trng v chm bn cy xanh, s dng cy xanh hp l. Nhn bit c mt s cht trong thnh phn mi trng t nhin

B phn v lin h.

B phn v lin h.

20

Chng 3. Amin. Amino axit v Protein. Bi 13. Amin 14. Amino axit 15. Protein.

Bit c: - Thnh phn, tnh cht ca mt s cht trong mi trngt nhin. Th d trong thuc l c nicotin rt c, trong c m c nhiu trimetylamin c mi tanh. - Thnh phn, tnh cht ca protein - Mt cht l thnh phn chnh trong c th ngi, ng vt. Hiu r c hin tng, bn cht phn ng ca anilin, amino axit v protein.

C thc gi gn c th trnh tc ng khng tt ca mi trng .

- Nhn bit c mt s cht ha hc: anilin, amino axit, protein. - Nhn bit thnh phn mi trng t nhin v mi trng nhn to. - Nhn bit phn ng c trng. - X l cht thi lng, rn sau th nghim. - Thu thp cc thng tin v polime. - xut s l rc thi lm bng polime.

B phn v kin h.

Chng 3. Amin. Amino axit v Protein. Bi 8 Thc hnh v tnh cht ca amin, amino axit v protein. Chng 4. Polime v vt liu polime. Bi 19. i cng v polime.

C thc s l cht thi sau th nghim.

B phn v lin h.

Chng 4. Polime v

Hiu c: - Thnh phn, tnh cht, phng php iu ch loi vt liu nhn to hin nay. T bit c cch s dng mt s vt dng polime hp l, hiu qu. - xut bin php s l rc thi lm bng vt liu polime ni chung. Hiu c khi nim, thnh

C thc thu gom ph liu rc thi t cc vt lm bng polime.

B phn v lin h.

C thc s

- Thu thp

B phn

21

vt liu polime. Bi 20. Vt liu polime.

phn ha hc, tnh cht mt s vt liu t nhin v nhn to c th nh t tng hp v t nhn to, cht do, cao su thiene nhin v cao su nhn to, keo dn.

dng, bo qun, s l ph liu hp l c hiu qu.

Chng 5. i cng v kim loi. Bi 25. n mn kim loi. Bi 26. in phn Bi 28. iu ch kim loi.

Hiu c: - Thnh phn, tnh cht ha hc ca mt loi vt liu rt quan trng trong l kim loi. - Cc phng php iu ch kim loi. - Bo qun v s dng dng bng kim loi.

- C thc s dng, bo qun hp l, hiu qu dng kim loi mt cch khoa hc. - S dng ph liu kim loi v chng nhim mi trng.

cc thng tin, s l thng tin v vt liu polime t nhin v nhn to. - xut s dng ph thi hoc tiu hy mt cch hp l. - Tm hiu tnh cht vt l, ha hc, phng php iu ch kim loi. - xut bin php s l ph liu bng kim loi gp phn bo v mi trng. - Nhn bit c tc ng ti mi trng do in phn, m in v iu ch

v lin h.

B phn v lin h.

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Chng 5. Bi 30. Thc hnh Dy in ha kim loi. iu ch kim loi. Bi thc hnh 4. n mn kim loi. Chng n mn kim loi.

Hiu c: - S bin i ca cc cht do tc dng ca dng in, s to thnh dng in trong pin in ha. - S n mn kim loi trong mi trng v bin php chng n mn kim loi trong mi trng t nhin. Hiu c: - Tnh cht, ng dng, phng php iu ch kim loi kim, mt s hp cht kim loi kim. - Ngun v cht gy nhim mi trng trong qu trnh sn xut kim loi kim v mt s hp cht.

C thc s l cht thi sau th nghim

kim loi. Thc hin th nghim v s l cht thi sau th nghim bo v mi trng lp hc.

B phn v lin h.

Chng 6. Kim loi kim, kim th, nhm. Bi 32,33. Kim loi kim. Mt s hp cht quan trng ca kim loi kim

thc c tc ng ca con ngi trong sn xut ha hc ti mi trng xung quanh.

Chng 6. Bi 34,35. Kim loi kim th. Hp cht quan trng ca kim loi kim th.

Hiu c: - Tnh cht, ng dng, phng php iu ch kim loi kim th, mt s hp cht kim loi kim th. - Ngun v cht gy nhim mi trng trong qu trnh sn

thc c tc ng ca con ngi trong sn xut ha hc ti mi trng xung quanh.

- Tin hnh th nghim nhn bit kim loi kim v mt s hp cht. - X l cht thi sau th nghim hp l. - Tin hnh th nghim nhn bit kim loi kim th v mt s hp cht. - X l cht thi sau th

B phn v lin h.

B phn v lin h.

23

xut kim loi kim th v mt s hp cht. - S bin i cc cht trong mi trng t nhin: s to thnh thch nh trong hang ng, s bo mn ni vi, s to thnh cn y m, ni hi... Chng 6. Bi 36. Nc cng Hiu c: - Nc cng l mt thnh phn ca mi trng t nhin. - Thnh phn ha hc, tc hi ca nc cng. - Phg php lm nc mt cngTc ng ca con ngi nhm ci to mi trng. Hiu c: - Tnh cht ca mt loi vt liu quan trng l nhm v thnh phn ca t st, cao lanh, qu... trong thnh phn t, qung t nhin. - Phng php sn xut nhm t qung boxit v vn nhim mi trng. - thc c nh hng ca mi trng ti sinh hot ca con ngi v tc ng ca con ngui ti mi trng. - thc c vai tr ca mi trng i vi con ngi v tc ng ca con ngi vi mi trng.

nghim hp l.

- Nhn bit B phn c nc cng. - Thc hin bin php bin nc cng thnh nc mm. - Nhn bit c nhm, hp cht nhm trong cht thi cng nghip. - xut bin php s l cht thi trong phng th nghim. - Thu thp v B phn v lin h.

Chng 6. Bi 37,38 Nhm v mt s hp cht quan trng ca nhm.

Chng 6.

Hiu v cng c tnh cht

C thc s l

B phn

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Bi thc hnh 5, 6. Kim loi kim, kim th v nhm.

ca Na, Mg, Al, MgO, tnh tan ca CaSO4 v BaSO4, tnh cng ca nc, iu ch v th tnh cht ca Al(OH)3.

cht thi sau th nghim

Chng 7. Crom, st, ng. Bi 42, 43. Crom v hp cht ca crom.

Hiu c: - Cu to, tnh cht ca mt loi vt liu bng kim loi crom, phng php iu ch crom. - Tnh cht mt s hp cht crom - l nhng vt liu t nhin quan trng nh , cht to mu. Hiu c: - Cu to, tnh cht ca mt loi vt liu quan trng l st. - Thnh phn c bn ca mt s qung st Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FeS2. - Vai tr ca mi trng vi con

thc c thnh phn ca t qung trong mi trng t nhin rt a dng.

Chng 7. Bi 44,45. St, hp cht st, hp kim st

thc c mi trng t nhin v nhn to c mi lin h mt thit vi nhau. Qung st, CaCO3, C l nguyn liu

x l thng tin v kim loi kim , kim th, nhm v hp cht. - Nhn bit c mt s kim loi v hp cht. - S l cht thi sau th nghim - Nhn bit c crom v hp cht quan trng - Nhn bit c ion trong dung dch. - xut s l cht thi hp l. - Nhn bit c st kim loi, mt s hp cht st trong t nhin v nhn to. - xut s

v lin h.

B phn v lin h.

B phn v lin h.

25

ngi v tc ng ca con ngi vo mi trng t nhin thng qua sn xut gang, thp.

trong qu trnh sn xut gang v t gang sn xut thp.

Chng 7 Bi 46, 47. ng v hp cht ca ng.

Chng 7. Bi 48. S lc v cc kim loi Ag, Au, Ni, Sn, Zn, Pb.

Hiu c: - Cu to, tnh cht ca mt loi vt liu quan trng l ng v hp cht. - Thnh phn c bn ca mt s qung ng CuFeS2, Cu(OH)2, CuCO3, Cu2S. - Sn xut ng v vn chng nhim mi trng. - Mui ng u c. Dung dch CuSO4 5% dng lm thuc dit su. Hiu c: - Tnh cht ca mt s vt liu bng kim loi Ag, Au, Ni, Sn, Zn, Pb v thnh phn trong v tri t. - Thnh phn ha hc ca mt s loi qung : qung km ZnCO3,ZnS c cha PbS, PbCO3, PbSO4, qung thic cha SnO2... - Phng php iu ch vng, bc, niken, km, thic, ch v

dng ph liu v cht thi gp phn lm sch mi trng. thc c vai tr - Nhn bit mi trng thin c Cu, hp nhin i vi con cht ng, ngi v tc ng ion ng. ca con ngi vo - xut mi trng t bin php s nhin thng qua l vt liu, sn xut ng. cht thi hp l v hiu qu. thc c s a dng phong ph ca mi trng t, qung. - Nhn bit c mt s kim loi v hp cht ca chng. - xut bin php s l vt liu, cht thi hp l v hiu qu.

B phn v lin h.

B phn v lin h

26

vn chng nhim mi trng. Chng 7 Bi 51. Bi thc hnh 6. Tnh cht ha hc ca crom, st, ng v nhng hp cht ca chng. Chng 8. Phn bit mt s cht v c. Bi 52,53,54. Nhn bit mt s cation, anion v cht kh. Cng c tnh cht ha hc ca thc s l cht crom, st, ng v mt s thi bo v hp cht. mi trng sau th nghim. - Thc hnh nhn bit mt s kim loi v ion kim loi, hp cht. - X l cht thi lng sau th nghim. - Nhn bit mt s cation trong dung dch ring bit v trong mt s hn hp n gin. - X l cht thi sau th nghim. - Thc hnh nhn bit ion gip xc nh thnh phn cht thi trong B phn

Hiu thm: Mt s phn ng ha hc c trng ca mi cation, anion c th gip c th nhn bit thnh phn ca cht thi v xut bin php s l c hiu qu.

thc c cn c hiu bit v cc cht mi c th s l cht thi c hiu qu.

B phn

Chng 8. Bi thc hnh. Nhn bit mt s ion

Cng c hiu bit v hin tng v t nhn bit cc ion bng phn ng ha hc c trng hoc khc nhau

27

Chng 9. Ha hc v vn kinh t, x hi mi trng.

Chng 9. Ha hc v vn kinh t, x hi mi trng.

mi trng. - X l cht thi sau th nghim Hiu c mt cch tng hp: thc c tc - Thu thp v B phn - Vai tr ca ha hc i vi ng ca mi tr- s l thng vn nng lng, nhin liu, l- ng vi con ngi, tin v tc ng thc, thc phm, sc con ngi vi mi ng ca khe, ma ty, v sinh an ton trng. mi trng vi thc phm. con ngi. - Vn chng nhim mi - Thu thp v trng . s l thng tin v tc ng ca con ngi ti mi trng. - xut gii php bo v mi trng hiu qu. Hiu r hn khi nim mi tr- thc oc mi - Thu thp v Ton ng, nhim mi trng, bin trng t, nc, s l thng phn. php bo v mi trng trong khng kh l v tin. sn xut, i sng v hc tp cng quan trng - xut gii ha hc. vi con ngi. php bo v Phi c thc mi trng v bo v mi trng p dng trong trong sch. i sng v hc tp ha hc.

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