Nguyen Van Dien - Do An IPTV 10082011

n tt nghip i Hc
ti: Nghin cu cng ngh truyn hnh qua giao thc Internet (IPTV)
MC LC
MC LC.............................................................................................................................I THUT NG VIT TT.................................................................................................IV DANH MC HNH V...................................................................................................VII DANH MC BNG BIU................................................................................................IX LI M U.......................................................................................................................1 CHNG 1: TNG QUAN IPTV V TNH HNH PHT TRIN IPTV VIT NAM 3
1.1. Gii thiu IPTV 3 1.1.1. Khi nim IPTV......................................................................3 1.1.2. Mt s c im IPTV.............................................................3 1.1.3. S khc bit gia IPTV v Internet TV......................................4 1.2. M hnh cu trc IPTV 6 1.3. Tnh hnh pht trin IPTV Vit Nam 7 1.3.1. Tnh hnh pht trin dch v IPTV ca VNPT.............................7 1.3.2. Tnh hnh pht trin dch v IPTV ca FPT..............................11 1.3.3. Tnh hnh pht trin IPTV ca VTC........................................12 1.4. Cc dch v cung cp bi IPTV 13 1.4.1. Dch v video IPTV...............................................................15
1.4.1.1. Dch v video qung b.................................................................................15 1.4.1.2. Dch v Video theo yu cu...........................................................................15
1.4.2. Dch v m thanh IPTV.........................................................17
1.4.2.1. Dch v pht thanh qung b.........................................................................17 1.4.2.2. Dch v m nhc qung b.............................................................................17 1.4.2.3. Dch v m nhc theo yu cu.......................................................................17 1.4.2.4. Dch v m nhc tr tin................................................................................17
1.4.3. Dch v tr chi....................................................................17 1.4.4. Dch v thng tin tch hp.....................................................18
1.4.4.1. Dch v thoi tch hp...................................................................................18 1.4.4.2. Dch v Internet tch hp...............................................................................18
1.4.5. Dch v qung co................................................................19 1.4.6. Dch v tng tc.................................................................19
1.4.6.1. Ghi hnh ring t (PVR)................................................................................19 1.4.6.2. Ghi hnh ring t trn mng (nPVR).............................................................19 1.4.6.3. Bnh chn v d on....................................................................................19 1.4.6.4. Gio dc trn ti vi..........................................................................................20 1.4.6.5. Thng mi trn ti vi.....................................................................................20 1.4.6.6. Tng tc qua di ng ..................................................................................20
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1.4.6.7. Tin nhn trn ti vi..........................................................................................20

1.4.7. Dch v truyn hnh hi ngh.................................................21 1.4.8. Dch v gia tng khc...........................................................21
1.4.8.1. Tin nhin SMS/MMS....................................................................................21 1.4.8.2. Th in t trn ti vi......................................................................................21 1.4.8.3. Chia s truyn thng (an bum nh)................................................................21 1.4.8.4. Ghi nht k hnh nh......................................................................................22 1.4.8.5. Quan st ton cu...........................................................................................22 CHNG 2: CNG NGH TRUYN HNH TRN IP 24
2.1. Kin trc h thng IPTV 24 2.2. H thng cung cp dch v IPTV 25 2.3. Mng cung cp dch v Triple Play 26 2.4. Cc chun nn hnh nh s dng cho IPTV 27 2.4.1. Chun nn MJPEG v Wavelet................................................28 2.4.2. Chun nn MPEG-x v H.26x.................................................29 2.4.3. Chun nn MPEG-2...............................................................30 2.4.4. Chun nn MPEG-4:..............................................................31
2.4.4.1. Phn phi cc lung d liu...........................................................................32 2.4.4.2. H thng.........................................................................................................33 2.4.4.3. MPEG-4 Audio..............................................................................................34 2.4.4.4. MPEG-4 Visual.............................................................................................34
2.4.5. Chun nn H.264/MPEG-4 Part 10/AVC.................................35 2.5. Giao thc mng 39 2.6. Mng truyn ti dch v IPTV 43 2.6.1. Video Sites..........................................................................43
2.6.1.1. Thit b u cui c bit...............................................................................43 2.6.1.2. Trung tm ngun hnh nh.............................................................................44 2.6.1.3. Trung tm chuyn mch hnh nh..................................................................44
2.6.2. Cc yu cu v dch v Video................................................44
2.6.2.1. Bng tn cao..................................................................................................44 2.6.2.2. Bng tn khng i xng...............................................................................45 2.6.2.3. Cht lng dch v.........................................................................................45 2.6.2.4. Thi gian i knh video qung b ..............................................................45
2.6.3. Hng pht hnh nh............................................................46
2.6.3.1. Dch v Video lp 3...................................................................................46 2.6.3.2. Kin trc chuyn tip video...........................................................................47
2.6.4. Chuyn tip truy nhp Internet.............................................49
2.6.4.1. Chuyn tip thoi...........................................................................................50 2.6.4.2. Kin trc truyn ti bin................................................................................50
II
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2.6.5. Cc chc nng DSLAM..........................................................51 2.6.6. Cc chc nng cng truy nhp gia nh (HAG)........................52
2.6.6.1. S phn chia lu lng da trn cc cng vt l...........................................53 2.6.6.2. S phn chia lu lng da trn a ch MAC..............................................53 CHNG 3: CC YU T NH HNG N CHT LNG IPTV V NG DNG TRIN KHAI TI VNPT BC NINH 55
3.1. Khi nim QoE v QoS 55 3.2. Cc yu t nh gi cht lng dch v Video 57 3.3. Cc yu t nh hng ti cht lng dch v IPTV 58 3.3.1. Yu t cht lng ngun tn hiu video..................................58 3.3.2. Yu t m ha tn hiu..........................................................59 3.3.3. Yu t di nhm nh (GOP)..............................................60 3.3.4. Yu t gi tin.......................................................................61 3.3.5. Yu t th t gi tin.............................................................61 3.3.6. Yu t mt gi.....................................................................61 3.3.7. Yu t tr............................................................................63 3.3.8. Yu t rung pha...................................................................63 3.3.9. Yu t tranh chp vi cc dch v triple-play khc..................63 3.3.10. Yu t tham s cu hnh.....................................................64 3.3.11. Yu t my ch..................................................................64 3.4. Cc phng php o cht lng dch v Video 64 3.4.1. Phng php o cht lng video nh tnh...........................64 3.4.2. Phng php o cht lng video nh lng.........................65
3.4.2.1. H thng o cht lng video da trn m hnh tham chiu y .............66 3.4.2.2. H thng o cht lng videoda trn m hnh khng tham chiu...............68 3.4.2.3. H thng o cht lng video da trn m hnh tham chiu rt gn............69
3.4.3. Phng php o gin tip cht lng video...........................69
3.4.3.1. H s tr.........................................................................................................70 3.4.3.2. T l mt gi...................................................................................................71

3.4.4. Phng php o thi gian chuyn knh.................................73 3.4.5. Phng php nh gi tin cy..........................................74 3.4.6. Phng php kim tra bo mt.........................................75 3.4.7. Cc im o gim st cht lng...........................................77 3.5. Cc yu cu k thut m bo cht lng dch v IPTV 78 3.5.1. Ch tiu cht lng tn hiu video..........................................78
3.5.1.1. Cc tham s lp truyn dn...........................................................................78

3.5.2. Ch tiu thi gian tng tc...................................................79 3.5.3. Ch tiu ng b gia tn hiu hnh v ting...........................80 3.6. ng dng trin khai IPTV ti Vin Thng Bc Ninh 80
III
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3.6.1. V tr a l...........................................................................80 3.6.2. Tnh hnh trin khai IPTV ti VNPT Bc Ninh...........................82 3.6.3. Khai thc, qun l thu bao MyTV.........................................85
3.6.3.1. Khai bo mi ti khon cho khch hng........................................................86 3.6.3.2. Qun l thu bao MyTV................................................................................90
THUT NG VIT TT
Vit tt ACM ATIS BRAS CA CDP CPE DF DHCP Ting Anh Admission Control Mechanism Aliance for Telecommuniction Industry Standard Broadband Remote Access Server Conditional Access Content Delivery Protocols Customer Premises Equipment Delay Factor Dynamic Protocol Host Configuration Ting Vit C ch kim sot truy cp T chc cng nghip vin thng My ch bng rng truy cp t xa Truy cp c iu kin Giao thc phn pht ni dung Thit b nh thu bao H s tr Giao thc cu hnh host ng
IV
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ti: Nghin cu cng ngh truyn hnh qua giao thc Internet (IPTV) H thng tn min Qun l quyn s dng s Thit b ghp knh ng dy thu bao s Qung b truyn hnh s Thit b cm tay h tr qung b truyn hnh s B ghi video s Hng dn chng trnh in t Hng dn dch v in t Vin tiu chun vin thng chu u Hiu chnh li hng i H cng ngh FTTx Nhm nh Cng truy nhp gia nh Truyn hnh phn gii cao Giao thc truyn siu vn bn Giao thc bn tin iu khin internet Giao thc qun l nhm Internet Giao thc internet Truyn hnh da trn IP Thit b IPTV ca ngi s dng M hnh thng tin IPTV Nh cung cp dch v Internet T chc vin thng th gii Karaoke theo yu cu Kt hp truyn thng trn cp ng V
DNS DRM DSLAM DVB DVB-H DVR EPG ESG ETSI FEC FTTx GOP HAG HDTV HTTP ICMP IGMP IP IPTV IPTVCD IPTVC M ISP ITU-T KoD MoCA
Domain Name System Digital Right Management Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer Digital Video Broadcasting Digital Video Handheld Broadcasting
Digital Video Recorder Electronic Program Guide Electronic Service Guide European Telecommunications Sdandards Institute Forward Error Correction Fiber To The (Home, Building...) Group of Pictures Home Access Gateway High Definition TeleVision Hypertext Transfer Protocol Internet Control Message Protocol Internet Protocol Group Management
Internet Protocol Internet Protocol TeleVision IPTV Consumer Device IPTV Communications Model Internet Service Provider International Union Telecommunicatin
Karaoke on Demand Media over Coax Alliance
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ti: Nghin cu cng ngh truyn hnh qua giao thc Internet (IPTV) trc
MOS MPEG MPLS NGN PIM PPP PPPoE PVR PSNR RG RTCP RTSP QoS RTP RTSP SD SIP SM SNR STB TCP TS UDP VHE VHO VoD
Mean Opinion Score Moving Picture Experts Group Multi Protocol Label Switching Next Generation Network Protocol Independent Multicast Point-to-Point Protocol Point-to-Point Ethernet Protocol over
im kin trung bnh Nhm chuyn gia hnh nh ng Chuyn mch nhn a giao thc Mng th h tip theo Giao thc a hng c lp Giao thc im-im Giao thc im-im trn Ethernet Dch v ghi li ni dung video theo nhu cu c nhn T s tn hiu nh trn nhiu Cng nh tuyn/Cng thng tr Giao thc iu khin thi gian thc Giao thc lung thi gian thc Cht lng dch v Giao thc thi gian thc Giao thc iu khin lung thi gian thc nt tiu chun Giao thc khi to phin Ch tha T s tn hiu trn nhiu Thit b truyn hnh u cui Giao thc iu khin truyn dn Lung truyn ti Giao thc d liu s dng Ngun Video Trung tm ngun video Dch v xem video theo yu cu
Personal Video Recorder Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio Routing Gateway / Residential Gateway Real-Time Control Protocol Real Time Streaming Protocol Quality of Setvice Real Time Protocol Real Time Streaming Protocol Standard Definition Session Initiation Protocol Sparse Mode Signal Noise Ratio Set-Top-Box Transmission Control Protocol Transport Stream User Datagram Protocol Video Head End Video Headend Office Video on Demand
VI
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ti: Nghin cu cng ngh truyn hnh qua giao thc Internet (IPTV) Thoi trn giao thc Internet Cht lng m thanh dch v Video Cht lng iu khin dch v Video Cht lng a phng tin dch v Video Cht lng nh dch v Video Cht lng truyn dch v Video Ghp knh theo bc sng quang
VoIP VSAQ VSCQ VSMQ VSPQ VSTQ WDM
Voice over IP Video Service Audio Quality Video Service Control Quality Video Service Multimedia Quality Video Service Picture Quality
Video Service Transmission Quality
Wavelength Division Multiplexing
VII
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DANH MC HNH V
Hnh 1:IPTV l cng ngh ca tng lai Hnh 2:M hnh chun IPTV Hnh 3:M hnh IPTV thc t Hnh 4:Cu hnh cung cp dch v IPTV ca VASC Hnh 5:Dch v iTV ca FPT Hnh 6:Kin trc chung ca mt h thng IPTV Hnh 7:M hnh kin trc h thng cung cp dch v IPTV Hnh 8:Kin trc mng cung cp dch v Triple Play Hnh 9:Lch s v xu hng pht trin ca cc chun nn Hnh 10:M hnh cc lp h thng MPEG-4 Hnh 11:So snh hot ng ca cc chun nn
4 6 7 8 11 24 25 27 28 32 39
Hnh 12:So snh v yu cu bng thng, lu tr v thi gian ti ca cc chun nn 39 Hnh 13:So snh cc phng thc truyn dn Hnh 14:So snh lu lng s dng gia Unicast v Multicast Hnh 15:Kin trc mng truyn ti dch v IPTV Hnh 16:Kin trc Lp 3 ca mng truyn ti dch v Video Hnh 17:Kin trc chuyn tip video Hnh 18:Cu hnh chuyn tip truy nhp Internet Hnh 19:Cu hnh chuyn tip thoi Hnh 20:Mng truyn ti bin 40 42 43 46 48 49 50 51
VII
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52 53 56 56 59 59 68 69 70 71 72 74 76 76 77 82 83 86 87 88 88 89
Hnh 21:DSLAM Bridge-Group Hnh 22:Phn chia lu lng trn cc cng vt l Hnh 23:M tng quan git QoE v QoS Hnh 24:Cc yu t tc ng ti QoE Hnh 25:H thng phn phi dch v video u cui-ti-u cui Hnh 26:Cc loi li lp vt l v giao thc Hnh 27:H thng o cht lng video da trn m hnh tham chiu y Hnh 28:Gim st cht lng video s dng m hnh rt gn Hnh 29:Mng IPTV vi rung pha bng 0 Hnh 30:Mng IPTV c rung pha Hnh 31:Tnh cc gi tr MDI ti cc im khc nhau trong mng IPTV Hnh 32:Cu hnh o tr chuyn knh Hnh 33:Kim tra bo mt theo da trn DHCP Option 82 Hnh 34:Kim tra ng dng firewall Hnh 35:Cc im o, gim st cht lng trong mng IPTV Hnh 36:Bn hnh chnh tnh Bc Ninh Hnh 37:S trin khai ti MAN-E ti VNPT Bc Ninh Hnh 38:Giao din thm mt khch hng mi Hnh 39:Thm ngi s dng t mt danh sch di dng file Hnh 40:Danh sch khch hng ang ch kim tra lp t dch v IPTV Hnh 41:Giao din kim tra v cp nht tnh trng lp t Hnh 42:Gi mail thng bo cho khch hng v kh nng lp t
VIII
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90 90 91 92
Hnh 43:Giao din thc hin ng b d liu Hnh 44:Giao din thay i gi cc s dng Hnh 45:Giao din thay i trng thi s dng dch v Hnh 46:Giao din thay i b gii m
IX
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DANH MC BNG BIU
Bng 1:Mc cc thu bao thng cho dch v MyTV Bng 2:Mc cc dch v theo yu cu (PayTV) ca MyTV Bng 3:Cc dch v IPTV Bng 4:Yu cu v bng thng i vi cc chun nn Bng 5:Cc nguyn nhn chnh gy m gi Bng 6:Cc thang ic thang icc php kim tra cht l IPTV Bng 7:Cc ch tiu truyn dn i vi dch v SDTV, VoD m MPEG-2 Bng 8:Ch tiu truyn dn i vi dch v SDTV, VoD m MPEG-4 AVC/VC-1 Bng 9:Cc ch tiu truyn dn i vi dch v HDTV m MPEG-2 Bng 10:Cc ch tiu truyn dn i vi dch v HDTV m MPEG-4 AVC/VC-1 Bng 11:Ch tiu thi gian tng tc Bng 12:Ch tiu ng b gia tn hiu hnh v ting Bng 13:M t kt ni mng MAN-E Bc Ninh
10 11 14 38 62 65 78 79 79 79 80 80 84
IX
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LI M U
Ngy nay trc s pht trin mnh m ca khoa hc k thut vi nhng pht minh quan trng trong mi lnh vc lm cho i sng con ngi c nhng thay i to ln. Trong lnh vc gii tr phi k n cc dch v truyn hnh v tinh, s tng trng ca dch v truyn hnh cp s v c bit l s ra i ca truyn hnh nt cao (HDTV) li du n trong truyn hnh. Bn cnh l s pht trin bng n ca Internet, c bit mng Internet bng thng rng lm thay i c ni dung v k thut truyn hnh. Truyn hnh giao thc Internet (IPTV) ang l cng ngh truyn hnh ca tng lai. Vi s hu thun ca vin thng, IPTV d dng cung cp nhiu hot ng tng tc hn, cung cp s cnh tranh mnh m hn cho cc doanh nghip kinh doanh dch v truyn hnh. IPTV c c hi ln pht trin nhanh chng khi m mng bng rng c mt khp mi ni. Rt nhiu nh cung cp dch v vin thng ln trn th gii ang trin khai dch v IPTV v xem y nh mt c hi mi thu li nhun t th trng hin c ca h v coi nh mt gii php t bo v trc s ln sn ca cc dch v truyn hnh cp. Vit Nam hin nay mt s nh cung cp ang trin khai dch v IPTV trn mng bng rng xDSL. Trong tng lai gn, truyn hnh HDTV s c ng dng trin khai rng ri trong nc cung cp dch v truyn hnh cht lng cao cho ngi s dng. Ti Vit Nam, hin nay c rt nhiu nh khai thc dch v vin thng ln ang cnh tranh nhm cung cp cho ngi s dng cc dch v bng thng rng vi cht lng cao v gi r. H cng nhn ra xu hng pht trin ca truyn hnh trc tuyn v video theo yu cu, v ang c nhng bc i mnh m. l cc dch v MyTV ca VNPT, iTV ca FPT v cc dch v IPTV ti cc a phng ca VTC vi cc thng hiu khc nhau. Nhm mc ch nng cao cht lng dch v IPTV, n ny s nghin cu v vn m bo cht lng dch v IPTV trn mng vin thng c nh. n c xy dng vi b cc nh sau: Chng 1: Tng quan IPTVv tnh hnh pht trin IPTV Vit Nam Chng 2: Cng ngh tuyn hnh trn IP Chng 3: Cc yu t nh hng n cht lng IPTV v ng dng trin khai ti IPTV Bc Ninh
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Do c im cng ngh, thi gian v kin thc cn hn ch nn ti ch dng li mc nghin cu l thuyt. Trong thi gian thc hin n, tc gi c gng tm hiu ti liu, v tham kho kin gio vin hng dn. Tuy nhin do kin thc cn hn ch nn khng trnh khi nhng sai st, rt mong nhn c s gp chn thnh ca cc thy c gio v cc bn n c hon thin hn. Mt ln na xin chn thnh cm n cc thy c gio to iu kin trong qu trnh thc hin n. c bit, xin cm n s quan tm ca thy gio TS. Trn Thin Chnh tn tnh hng dn v gip ti c th hon thnh n ny. H Ni, ngy 10 thng 08 nm 2011 Sinh vin thc hin
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Chng 1: Tng quan IPTV v tnh hnh trin khai IPTV Vit Nam
CHNG 1: TNG QUAN IPTV V TNH HNH PHT TRIN IPTV VIT NAM
1.1. Gii thiu IPTV 1.1.1. Khi nim IPTV IPTV l tn vit tt ca cm t Internet Protocol Television - truyn hnhqua giao thc Internet, Telco Televison hay truyn hnh bng rng, vi ngha truyn ti truyn hnh qung b hoc video theo yu cu, chng trnh pht thanh c cht lng cao trn mng bng rng. Theo quan im ca i tng s dng, vic khai thc v xem IPTV cng ging nh dch v Ti vi tr tin. ITU-T (ITU-T FG IPTV) chnh thc chp thun nh ngha IPTV nh sau: IPTV c nh ngha l cc dch v a phng tin nh truyn hnh, video, audio, vn bn, s liu truyn ti trn cc mng da trn IP c kim sot nhm cung cp mc cht lng dch v, tnh t ng tc, bo mt v tin cy theo yu cu. T quan im ca nh cung cp dch v, IPTV bao hm qu trnh thu thp, x l, v truyn ti mt cch an ton ni dung video trn h tng mng da trn cng ngh IP. Tham gia vo qu trnh cung cp dch v IPTV gm nhiu nh cung cp dch v t cc nh cung cp dch v truyn hnh cp, truyn hnh v tinh n cc cng ty Vin thng ln v cc nh khai thc mng ring nhiu ni trn th gii. 1.1.2. Mt s c im IPTV H tr truyn hnh tng tc - Cc kh nng hot ng hai chiu ca h thng IPTV cho php nh cung cp dch v a ra mt s lng ln cc ng dng truyn hnh tng tc. Cc loi hnh dch v c phn phi qua dch v IPTV c th bao gm truyn hnh trc tip tiu chun, truyn hnh trung thc cao (HDTV), cc tr chi trc tuyn, v kt ni Internet tc cao. Khng ph thuc thi gian - IPTV khi kt hp vi my thu video s cho php to chng trnh ni dung khng ph thuc thi gian bng c ch ghi v lu li ni dung IPTV v sau c th xem li. Tng tnh c nhn - H thng IPTV t u cui-n-u cui h tr thng tin hai chiu v cho php cc i tng s dng la chn v thit lp vic xem TV theo s thch ring nh chng trnh v thi gian xem a thch. Yu cu v bng thng thp - Thay v phi truyn ti tt c cc knh cho mi Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3
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i tng s dng, cng ngh IPTV cho php cc nh cung cp dch v ch cn phi pht cc knh m i tng s dng yu cu. Tnh nng hp dn ny cho php nh khai thc mng tit kim bng thng. Kh nng truy nhp trn nhiu loi thit b - Vic xem ni dung IPTV khng b gii hn l dng cho cc my thu hnh. Cc khc hng thng s dng my tnh c nhn v cc thit b di ng truy cp ti cc dch v IPTV. IPTV thng c xem l cng ngh TriplePlay (d liu, m thanh v hnh nh). Nhng trong mt mi trng m thch thc nhn ln theo cp s m v cng ngh phi lin tc c cp nht, b ba dch v ni trn chuyn thnh b t khi c thm xem truyn hnh Internet qua in thoi di ng (MobileTV).
Hnh 1: IPTV l cng ngh ca tng lai Kh nng ca IPTV ha hn mang n nhng ni dung k thut s cht lng cao nh video theo yu cu (Video-on-Demand- VoD), hi tho, truyn hnh tng tc/trc tip, game, gio dc t xa, tin nhn nhanh qua TV, v.v... 1.1.3. S khc bit gia IPTV v Internet TV Do u dc truyn ti trn mng da trn giao thc IP nn i khi chng ta hay hiu nhm gia IPTV v Internet TV. Thc t hai loi hnh ny c nhiu im khc nhau. H tng mng khc nhau: ng nh tn gi, Internet TV da trn mng Internet truyn ti ni dung video ti i tng s dng. Ngc li, IPTV s dng cc mng ring bo mt truyn ti ni dung video ti i tng s dng. Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3 4
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Gii hn a l: i tng s dng Internet khng truy cp c cc mng do cc nh khai thc vin thng hu v vn hnh v bn thn cc mng ny c gii hn trong vng a l xc nh. Ngc li, Internet khng b gii hn v mt a l, qua mng Internet, i tng s dng c th truy cp ti dch v Internet TV t bt c v tr no trn th gii. Quyn s hu ca h tng mng: khi ni dung video c truyn ti trn Inetrnet, cc gi giao thc IP mang ni dung video c truyn ti c th b mt hoc tr, khi truyn qua cc mng khc nhau. Kt qu l, nh cung cp dch v video trn internet khng th m bo mc hi lng ca khc hng khi xem TV qua internet so vi TV truyn thng, TV cp hay TV qua v tinh. Trn thc t, tn hiu video qua internet i khi b git trn mn hnh v phn gii hnh nh hon ton thp. Ni dung TV cung cp n i tng s dng theo kiu best effort. IPTV c truyn ti trn h tng mng m nh cung cp dch v s hu. Vic s hu h tng mng cho php cc nh khai thc vin thng thit lp h thng ca mnh h tr qu trnh truyn ti video cht lng cao t u cui-ti-u cui. C cu truy cp: thng thng set-top box c s dng truy cp v gii m ni dung video qua h thng IPTV trong khi , truy cp ti dch v internet TV hu ht u s dng my tnh c nhn. Loi phn mm s dng trn PC ph thuc vo ni dung internet TV. V d, on file ni dung video c ti v t internet TV c khi yu cu phi ci t chng trnh chy file dnh ring xem. H thng qun l bn quyn (DRM) cng yu cu h tr c cu truy nhp ny. Gi thnh: mt phn ng k ni dung video c truyn ti trn mng internet l min ph cho mi ngi. Tuy nhin, iu ny s thany i khi s lng ngy cng tng cc cng ty truyn thng a phng tin bt u a vo cc dch v min ph da trn internet TV. Cu trc gi thnh p dng cho IPTV tng t nh m hnh thu bao hng thng c chp nhn bi cc nh cung cp dch v TV tr tin. Nhiu chuyn gia phn tch cho rng s hi t ca internet TV v IPTV s thnh dch v gii tr ch yu sau ny. Cc phng php to ni dung: cc nh cung cp internet TV to ra phn ni dung video c kch thc xc nh v truyn vo cc knh, trong khi , cc nh cung cp dch v IPTV truyn trn cc knh cc phim v cc chng trnh truyn hnh thng thng do cc hng phim v hng truyn hnh ln cung cp. Vi dung lng bng thng ngy cng cao v cc k thut nn tin tin cng vi nh cu ca cc nh khai thc vin thng mun cung cp cc dch v video ti ngi s dng ca mnh l nhng yu t thc y th trng IPTV ton cu ngy Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3 5
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cng pht trin. Vit Nam cng l mt trong nhng th trng IPTV y tim nng v ha hn mang li nhiu li nhun trong nhng nm sp ti. 1.2. M hnh cu trc IPTV ITU-T m t m hnh chun dch v IPTV nh trong hnh 1.2. Trong , vai tr ca bn thnh phn chnh l: * Nh cung cp ni dung: s hu hoc c cp php bn ni dung hay quyn s hu ni dung * Nh cung cp dch v: cung cp dch v IPTV ti ngi s dng. Nh cung cp dch v da trn QoS trong cc mng ca nh cung cp mng m bo QoE cc dch v IPTV. * Nh cung cp mng: cung cp cc dch v mng cho c ngi s dng v nh cung cp dch v. Nh cung cp mng cn cam kt khng ch vi nh cung cp dch v cn vi c ngi s dng v cc tham s mng. * Ngi s dng: s dng v tr tin cho cc dch v IPTV.
Hnh 2: M hnh chun IPTV M hnh hon ton n gin nhng nh ngha n gin ny gip chng ta phn bit hn na cc dch v IPTV khi xem xt tng vai tr. Trn thc t, cc mng video IP l nhng h thng kh phc tp c cu thnh t rt nhiu phn t, l mt trong nhng l do m chng kh thit k v pht trin. V bn cht cc mng video IP ca cc nh khai thc vin thng l kh phn b hn so vi cc nh cung cp mng video cp, thng tp trung nhiu chc nng ti trung tm chnh. Hnh 1.3 minh ha mt cu trc mng IPTV tiu biu trn thc t. C th thy, trn mng mng thc t, truyn ti dch v IPTV t u cui-ti-u cui cn c s tham gia ca nhiu phn t mng hng lot cng ngh. Trong cc phn tip theo, chng ta s tp trung vo cc cng ngh s dng trong Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3 6
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lp h tng dch v IPTV, bao gm cc h thng ngun video IP, cc my ch VoD, cc phn mm trung gian (middlleware), cc set-top box v phn mm bo mt/qun l bn quyn l c trng i vi dch v IPTV v mt s giao thc mng lin quan n qu trnh truyn ti ni dung IPTV.
Hnh 3: M hnh IPTV thc t 1.3. Tnh hnh pht trin IPTV Vit Nam Xu hng s ha v hi t trong lnh vc vin thng, cng ngh thng tin v truyn hnh tr thnh mt ln sng lan ta nhiu quc gia trn ton th gii. Vic IPTV pht trin Vit Nam chnh l mt h qu tt yu ca s lan ta ny. y cng l hng i c Chnh ph ch trng trong l trnh a Vit Nam tr thnh quc gia mnh v Truyn thng v Cng ngh thng tin trong thi gian ti. Trong s pht trin y. 1.3.1. Tnh hnh pht trin dch v IPTV ca VNPT Tp on Bu chnh Vin thng Vit Nam (VNPT) hin l nh cung cp cc dch v vin thng v Internet ln nht vi th phn rng nht ti Vit Nam, chim 48% th phn thu bao bng rng ti Vit Nam. Mng NGN ca VNPT cho php trin khai cc dch v a dng vi gi thnh thp, gim thiu thi gian a dch v mi ra th trng, gim chi ph khai thc mng v dch v ng thi nng cao hiu qu u t v to ngun doanh thu mi ngoi doanh thu t cc dch v truyn thng nh: thoi, truyn d liu tc cao, dch v a phng tin, hiu sut s dng Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3 7
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truyn dn rt cao. NGN cho php VNPT tng cng kh nng kim sot, bo mt thng tin v tin cy trong khi gim thiu c chi ph vn hnh. c xy dng trn tiu ch m, cc giao thc chun v giao din thn thin, NGN p ng c hu ht cc nhu cu ca nhiu i tng s dng: doanh nghip, vn phng, kt ni gia cc mng my tnh, v.v... NGN thng nht mng hu tuyn truyn thng v chun truyn ti m thanh, hnh nh, d liu khng dy. Ngy 28/9/2009 Cng ty VASC thuc tp on VNPT chnh thc cung cp dch v IPTV vi thng hiu MyTV v Nhng g bn mun. Ch sau 4 thng ra ra mt tnh n ngy 10/ 3/2010, MyTV c cung cp ti 36 tnh/thnh vi hn 15.000 thu bao. n nay MyTV trin khai 64/64 tnh thnh ca Vit Nam ch sau hn 1 nm. y l mt thnh cng ln ca VNPT. Dch v MyTV nhn c s cho n nng nhit t ngi s dng c bit l khu vc min Bc. Cu hnh cung cp dch v IPTV ca VASC nh trong Hnh 4.
Hnh 4: Cu hnh cung cp dch v IPTV ca VASC Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3
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Cac chng trnh v dch v ang cung cp trn MyTV kh phong ph v nhiu tnh nng ni tri. Mc tiu ca MyTV l mang li cho ngi s dng cch thng thc khc bit: Truyn hnh theo yu cu. Cc chng trnh v dch v l: Truyn hnh (Live TV): Live TV tng t nh dch v truyn hnh truyn thng. Dch v ny cung cp cho ngi s dng nhng chng trnh truyn hnh c thu li t h thng truyn hnh mt t, truyn hnh cp, truyn hnh v tinh v knh truyn hnh ring. Hin nay h thng ca MyTV cung cp 71 knh truyn hnh. Cc ni dung truyn hnh c pht theo lch trnh v thi gian c nh nh truyn hnh truyn thng. Nhng vi cng ngh IPTV, ngi s dng khng ch xem mt cch th ng m c th s dng nhng tnh nng u vit: tm dng, lu tr, hng dn chng trnh in t, kha chng trnh khng dnh cho tr em. Phim theo yu cu (VOD): Dch v ny cho php ngi s dng la chn v xem phim lu li trn server. Karaoke (KoD): mang n cho ngi s dng danh sch nhng bi ht c a chung trong nc v quc t. Li bi ht xut hin di dng text trn mn hnh TV, Karaoke l mt dch v c bit hp dn. Truyn hnh theo yu cu (TVoD): Dch v ny cho php bn la chn v xem li cc chng trnh pht trc . Vi dch v Truyn hnh theo yu cu, bn khng phi ph thuc vo thi gian pht sng ca cc i truyn hnh v khng bao gi b l bt c mt chng trnh truyn hnh yu thch no. m nhc (MoD): Dch v ny cho php ngi s dng la chn v nghe, xem cc clip, video clip ca nhc t th vin ca nh cung cp. Game theo yu cu (GoD): Dch v cho php chi cc game t danh sch c nh sn n STB. Ngi dng tr ph cho vic chi game. Tip th truyn hnh (Tele Marketing): Mang n cho ngi s dng s dng MyTV cc thng tin v sn phm, dch v la chn v mua sm. Vi mc ch gii thiu sn phm, dch v ny gip ngi s dng c th a ra quyt nh mua sm chnh xc hn cho mnh. Thng tin cn bit (T - Intormation): Ngi s dng c th s dng tnh nng ny tra cu cc thng tin cn thit. Nhng thng tin trn h thng MyTV rt a dng v phong ph. Tm dng (Time Shift TV): Dch v tm dng l dch v kt hp gia dch v truyn hnh trc tuyn Live TV v dch v theo yu cu. Vi chc nng dch thi gian, c th tm dng hoc tua i tua li knh truyn hnh ang pht xem li sau. Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3 9
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Lu tr (nPVR): Chc nng nPVR ( Personal Video Recorder ) cho php ngi s dng ghi chng trnh v lu tr chng trong h thng lu tr ca nh vn hnh v xem li sau vi y chc nng iu khin VCR. Tr tin theo tng chuyn mc (iPPV): L dch v tr tin theo tng ln xem. iPPV l mt gii php hiu qu bi v i khi bn ch quan tm n mt s chuyn mc nht nh ch khng mun xem tt c cc knh. Qung co (Live channel & Advertising): Qung co trn knh trc tuyn l dch v cho php ngi s dng doanh nghip c nhu cu t qung co trn MyTV qua nhiu hnh thc: TVC, Panel, Logo, Text... Sng pht thanh (Broadcast audio channel): L dch v nghe sng pht thanh theo yu cu. Vi mt danh sch nh sn c trong h thng cc chng trnh pht thanh c pht trc tip theo chuyn c th nh m nhc, chnh tr, kinh t, x hi... Bn c th la chn v nghe cc chng trnh pht thanh trong nc, quc t qua h thng MyTV. Chia s nh v clip (Media sharing): Tnh nng ny cho php ngi s dng MyTV c th to, lu tr v qun l cc album nh, clip ca mnh. Ngoi ra, cc giai on tip theo s c cc dch v tng t nhng vi cht lng cao (High Definition) v thm mt s dch v gia tng gi tr khc. Sau y l bng gi cc dch v MyTV: Bng 1: Mc cc thu bao thng cho dch v MyTV
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Bng 2: Mc cc dch v theo yu cu (PayTV) ca MyTV
1.3.2. Tnh hnh pht trin dch v IPTV ca FPT Dch v IPTV ca FPT cung cp ra th trng vi thng hiu iTV vi slogan: Mun g xem ny. Dch v iTV kh a dng vi nhiu tin ch gii tr:
Hnh 5: Dch v iTV ca FPT Truyn hnh: Cc knh truyn hnh trong v ngoi nc c sc, chn lc. c bit, tnh nng Truyn hnh xem li: cho php xem li chng trnh pht trong vng 48 gi ca 10 knh knh VTV1, VTV2, VTV3, HTV2, HTV3, HTV7, HTV9, VTC3, HTVC Thun Vit, HTVC Movie bt c lc no, m khng cn l thuc Lch pht sng ca i. Phim truyn: Kho phim mi, phong ph, th loi, c cp nht hng tun Thiu nhi: Th gii mun mu ca cc thin thn nh tui t phim, hot hnh n ca nhc, Ting Anh Cho B: Nhng bi hc ting Anh vui nhn, b ch dnh cho cc Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3 11
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b t 3 n 10 tui. Ca nhc: Sn khu si ng vi cc album nhc ca cc ca s ni ting, cc s kin m nhc Hi Ci lng: Vi cc v tu hi n khch, hp dn ca cc ngi sao hi Hoi Linh, Kiu Oanh, Thnh Lc, Bo Quc, Thu Nga v cc v ci lng ni ting ca V Linh, Ti Linh, Thoi M, Minh Vng Vn ha - Th thao: Ni tng hp cc s kin ni bt bng cc on video clip sng ng, chn thc Th gin: Gm nhng clip ngn vi mc ch mang li nhng giy pht gii tr th v, gip khn gi qun i nhng mt mi hng ngy. c bo: Tin tc nng hi c cp nht hng gi a ch cn bit: Trang vng cho nhng ngi bn rn nhanh chng tm thy thng tin a im cn bit nh n u ? Mua g ? Nh hng no gn nht ? 1.3.3. Tnh hnh pht trin IPTV ca VTC Thng 04 nm 2009, VTC Digicom phi hp vi mt s Vin thng cc tnh, thnh ph chnh thc bt u trin khai dch v IPTV. Cho n nay dch v IPTV ca VTC Digicom cung cp gn 100 knh truyn hnh trong c 30 knh truyn hnh phn gii cao theo chun HD (High Definition), VTC cn xy dng thnh cng kho d liu khng l vi hn 3000 b phim c sc c thuyt minh ph ting Vit, gn 2000 video ca nhc cng mt h thng cc phim ti liu hp dn khc phc v cho VoD. c bit IPTV ca VTC Digicom s song hnh cng gii ngoi hng Anh, vi tnh nng xem li cc trn bng , cc chng trnh tng hp gii ngoi hng Anh. La chn cng ngh nn hiu qu (MPEG-4) VTC Digicom hin lm ch h thng c th p ng v nng lc cho 100.000 thu bao cng vi nn truy nhp bng rng ADSL 2+ c tc download 25 Mb/s trong khong cch 1.5 km, bng thng rng ti 2.2 MHz. Ngoi ra vi xu th Quang ha trn mng li Vin thng hin nay th cc nh cung cp dch v c mt h tng tt hn hn cung cp dch v IPTV so vi trc y. So vi cc nh cung cp dch v IPTV khc nh FPT v VNPT, VTC c th mnh vt tri v mt ni dung. Ni dung ca dch v IPTV s c ly ch yu t i truyn hnh KTS VTC y l i truyn hnh cp quc gia, ln th 2 ti Vit Nam. y l li th rt ln ca VTC trong thi im m vn ni dung cc Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3
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chng trnh ang lm au u cc nh cung cp dch v v chi ph bn quyn truyn hnh ngy cng t . Cho n nay VTC l n v ang l n v i u trong vic nghin cu, pht trin v cung cp dch v truyn hnh s bao gm Truyn hnh k thut s, Truyn hnh phn gii cao (VTCHD) v IPTV. nh hng ca VTC l tp trung pht trin h thng cung cp ni dung truyn hnh s v dch v gi tr gia tng trn nn vin thng vn l th mnh ca VTC. Do c im th trng ca tng vng min khc nhau (v phong tc, cch hng th cuc sng) nn p ng nhu cu ti tng a phng VTC Digicom s hp tc vi cc n v Vin thng ca VNPT cung cp cc chng trnh truyn hnh. Ti mi a phng IPTV ca VTC s c mt thng hiu ring to ra s gn gi, gn b ca ngi dn a phng, gip h d tip cn dch v (IPTV) hn. Bn cnh vic pht trin IPTV tng tnh thnh cng l p n tt cho bn ton v s hn ch c ly truyn dn ca mng cp ng Vit Nam hin nay. Vic cung cp tn hiu trong phm vi gn hn ch ng k nhng hin tng gin on khi s dng dch v. Hin VTC ang cung cp dch v IPTV hp tc vi VNPT: VNPT Hi Phng tn thng hiu VipTV VNPT Ninh Bnh vi thng hiu HoaLuTV VNPT Thanh Ha vi thng hiu LamSonTV VNPT Ngh An vi thng hiu SongLamTV VNPT Nng vi thng hiu SongHan TV VNPT Hu vi thng hiu HueTV VNPT Bnh nh Vi thng hiu TaySonTV VNPT Khnh Ha vi thng hiu FamilyTV VNPT Vng Tu vi thng hiu MegaVNN VNPT Bnh Dng vi thng hiu LifeTV VNPT Lm ng vi thng hiu MimosaTV VNPT TpHCM vi thng hiu SaigonTV VNPT k Lk vi thng hiu BazanTV 1.4. Cc dch v cung cp bi IPTV IPTV khng ch n thun l IP video. Trn thc t, cc nh khai thc vin thng ang tp trung vo dch v ny to ra s khc bit ca dch v h cung cp Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3
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vi cc dch v m cc nh khai thc mng truyn hnh cp hay v tinh cung cp. Tt c cc la chn cu trc v cng ngh c s tp trung vo vic phn phi nhiu loi dch v video theo yu cu v video qung b, nhng vi kinh nghim v cc dch v thoi v truyn s liu tc cao cho php cc nh khai thc vin thng cung cp cho ngi s dng cc dch v tch hp b sung l mt phn ca gi dch v IPTV ln. Cc dch v chnh thng c trin khai trc l dch v video theo yu cu v video qung b, tuy nhin cc nh khai thc vin thng u c k hoch b xung cc dch v ny vi cc dch v tr chi, qung co, m thanh, thng tiniu cn bit l nh ngha v phm vi ca cc dch v ny s lin tc c tin trin theo thi gian. Bng 3 m t tng quan cc loi dch v IPTV khc nhau hin ang c d kin v trin khai. Bng 3: Cc dch v IPTV Live TV Digital TV Premium TV Pay-per-view Near video-on-demand Program guide Stored TV Video on demand Subscription VoD Time-dhifting PRV Network PVR Communictaion Residental VoIP portal SMS/MMS mesaging Instant messaging Mobile services portal Video conferencing Emergency alert system Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3 ASP Distance learning Home automation portal Converged services Hospitality Commerce Telecomerce Targeted/interactive advesting Entertainment Gaming Gambling Karaoke Internet TV
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1.4.1. Dch v video IPTV Cc dch v IPTV video c th phn thnh hai nhm: pht qung b v pht theo yu cu. 1.4.1.1. Dch v video qung b V c bn, cc dch v video qung b khng khc g so vi cc dch v video m cc nh khai thc truyn hnh cp, v tinh, mt t cung cp ngy nay. iu ny gp phn to thnh tiu chun i vi dch v TV, khng k n cc c ch truyn ti: lai cp ng/quang, DSL hay FTTxCc knh video qung b bao gm cc knh truyn hnh quc gia, a phng v cc knh tr tin (nh HBO). S cc knh qung b khu vc c th thay i theo th trng, cc knh ny thng h tr cc phin bn theo khu vc ca cc mng gc (ABC, CBS, NBC v Fox..). Mt s trong cc knh qung b c nh dng trung thc cao (HD), iu c ngha cc nh khai thc vin thng c th cung cp cho ngi s dng c hai loi knh qung b tiu chun (SD) v trung thc cao (HD). Mt phn ni dung qung b c th c lu li trong mng v s dng sau . Tnh nng TVoD (TV on Demand) cho php cc chng trnh LiveTV c lu li trn server trong mt khong thi gian no . Ngi s dng sau c th la chn xem li cc chng trnh m mnh b l. Thi gian lu tr cc chng trnh c th t thay i linh ng theo nhu cu thc t. H thng s h tr c 2 cch thc l lu tr theo thi gian v lu tr theo chng trnh c chn no . Thng tin v cc (nu c) i vi dch v c hin th ng n ngi s dng a ra quyt nh la chn. H tr cc tnh nng c bn ca thit b ghi hnh VCR, l tm dng, chy tip, chuyn nhanh v pha trc, chuyn nhanh v pha sau. Tnh nng chuyn nhanh v pha trc, chuyn nhanh v pha sau cn t c tc 2X, 4X, 8X, 16X, 32X v 64X. Mobile TV l hng pht trin tng lai m bo cung cp knh truyn hnh, VoD v cc dch v ca h thng IPTV n cc ngi s dng ca mng di ng. Gii php hon chnh h thng IPTV c th kt ni, trin khai cung cp dch v Mobile-TV. Vic tnh cc c th tch hp vi h thng Billing c lp c cc phng thc tnh cc linh ng v hiu qu. 1.4.1.2. Dch v Video theo yu cu Cc dch v video lu tr c nhiu dng v l nn tng phn bit vi cc ni dung video khc c truyn ti qua cc mng IP. Ni dung video lu tr p Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3 15
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ng c nhiu cc s thch khc nhau ca ngi xem. Ty theo v tr lu tr, ngi s dng c th tn dng c cc u im ca ni dung video lu ti thit b ngi s dng hoc mng iu khin mt cc linh hot khi s dng dch v nh: tua nhanh, tua ngc, tm dng.. nh khi h s dng VCDs/DVDs. Ni dung video lu tr l ng lc chnh thc y s pht trin phn mm lp dch v trong cc mng IPTV cng nh cc ty chn ca set-top box. Cc ty chn ni dung video lu tr bao gm: VoD lu tr cc b: Ni dung c xem l ph bin rng ri s c pht qung b ti CPE qua mng IP v lu cc b ngi s dng c th xem theo yu cu. Cc ni dung ny thng gn vi qu trnh xc thc quyn s dng khi xem i vi tng thu bao. VoD lu trn mng: VoD lu trn mng dnh cho cc ni dung c coi l khng ph bin cho nhiu thu bao ti cng thi im. Ngi s dng c th yu cu xem ni dung ngay lp tc v/hoc sau khi yu cu. Ni dung c th xem ngay c truyn ti di dng unicast trn mng IP, trong khi ni sung xem sau yu cu c tp hp theo nhm cc thu bao v c th truyn ti dng broadcast hay narrowcast da trn th t tng ng i vi cc thu bao khc. iu ny s cho php nh cung cp dch v s dng ti u cc ti nguyn mng mt cch linh hot. VoD thu bao: VoD thu bao l bin th ca hai dch v trn, cho php khc hng quyn xem mt s ni dung c c cho php trc trong mt hong thi gian xc nh, tn dng u im ca c hai ni dung vdeo lu trn mng v cc b. Ghi li ni dung video theo yu cu c nhn (PVR): cho php ngi dng quyn ghi li cc chng trnh qung b/theo yu cu xem li sau . Cc quyn xem ni dung thay i ty theo vic s dng mt ln, nhiu ln hay khng gii hn ni dung v phn mm qun l bn quyn (DRM) l yu t quan trng trong cc trng hp ny kim sot qu trnh chia s ni dung gia cc thit b trong nh thu bao. Ghi li ni dung video v lu trn mng (PVR): tng t nh dch v PVR, s khc nhau ch yu l v tr lu ni dung, trong trng hp ny l trn mng, thay v s dng thit b ca ngi s dng. Dch v ny cho php cc thu bao vi set-top box n gin tn dng c cc u im ca cc dch v video lu tr v cho php cc nh cung cp dch v tp hp cc ni dung lu tr trong mng mt cch ti u nh gim chi ph so vi vic thu Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3 16
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bao phi s dng set-top box phc tp. Dch v ny cng cung cp mt cch tt nht cho thu bao kh nng linh hot trong vic la chn chng trnh v mng c kh nng lu nhiu ni dung hn soa vi set-top box ca ngi s dng. 1.4.2. Dch v m thanh IPTV Nu ch c dch v IPTV audio th chc chn khng kch thch cc thu bao chuyn nh cung cp dch v v cng khng nh cung cp dch v u t mt lng ln tin vo h tng mng phn phi dch v IPTV. Tuy nhin, khi kt hp vi cc ty chn khc n s nng cao tnh hp dn ca gi dch v tng th. 1.4.2.1. Dch v pht thanh qung b Dch v ny cho php ngi s dng d tm bt k i pht no trn th gii v nghe qua li ra m thanh ca TV hay h thng loa km theo. 1.4.2.2. Dch v m nhc qung b Theo quan im dch v m thanh, dch v ny rt ging qung b video c bn, ngha l ngi dng c th s dng nhiu knh m nhc khc nhau. Dch v ny kh ph bin v c cung cp bi nhiu nh cung cp dch v cp/MSO. Dch v m nhc ny thng i km vi thng tin ha v ni dung nhc hin th trn TV ca ngi s dng. Hng dn chng trnh chn knh cng tng t nh i vi cc knh video. 1.4.2.3. Dch v m nhc theo yu cu Tng t nh VoD, quyn yu cu v nghe tng t nh i vi cc dch v VoD. Mi quan h gia cc nh cung cp ni dung v phng tin l yu t quan trng nh i vi dch v VoD m bo c c th vin ln cc file nhc. 1.4.2.4. Dch v m nhc tr tin Cho php thu bao lu tr v sp xp theo s thch ca mnh. Dch v m nhc theo yu cu s c truyn ti qua mng IP theo cch tng t nh cc dch v VoD s dng cc c cu qung b hay n hng, theo thi gian v mc tng ng vi cc thu bao khc. 1.4.3. Dch v tr chi Chi game (mt ngi hay nhiu ngi cng lc) trn truyn hnh l dch v ring bit m cc nh khai thc vin thng ang xc tin tch hp vo cc gi dch v IPTV. S c nhiu loi ch tri cho nhiu loi i tng khc nhau cng nh cng nh cc tr chi cho 1 ngi v nhiu ngi chi cng lc. Ngi s dng c th la chn ngi chi cng cng nh ln k hoch thi gian chi vi ngi khc. Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3
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1.4.4. Dch v thng tin tch hp Dch v thng tin IPTV tch hp l lnh vc trong cc nh khai thc vin thng c u th hn so vi cc nh cung cp a dch v/truyn hnh cp. Cc dch v thng tin tch hp s tn dng cc li th v ti nguyn ca cc nh nh cung cp dch v vin thng khi cung cp cc dch v thoi v truy cp Internet tc cao. Cc v d v dch v thoi v Internet tch hp c m t nh sau: 1.4.4.1. Dch v thoi tch hp Dch v thoi tch hp cho php cc thu bao s dng TV ca h m rng cc chc nng dch v thoi di ng v c nh. V d: Dch v thng bo cuc gi n (Incoming Call Notification Service): Hin th biu tng trn TV, thng bo cho thu bao c cuc gi thai/vdieo n. Ngoi ra cn h tr cc chc nng hin th s thu bao v ghi li cuc gi. Dch v thng bo bn tin (Message Notification Service): Hin th biu tng trn TV, thng bo cho thu bao c li nhn (voice mail) trong hp th km theo dch v thoi c nh v/hoc di ng. Dch v thit lp kt ni (Connection Establishment Service): cho php thu bao gi thoi/video t TV ca h. Dch v hi ngh thoi/video (Voice/Video Conferencing Service): cho php thu bao tham gia v/hoc khi to hi ngh thoi/video. Dch v danh b (Directory Service): Cung cp cho thu bao danh b in thoi in t c th truy cp qua TV. 1.4.4.2. Dch v Internet tch hp Cc dch v Internet tch hp s cho php s dng TV s dng cc ng dng Internet trc y phi s dng bng my tnh c nhn. Cc dch v ny khng nhm thay th cc ng dng Internet da trn PC m chng cung cp cc bin php thun tin hn truy cp thng tin trong nhng khu vc khc nhau trong nh thu bao hay cc thi im khc nhau. Duyt web bng TV (TV web browsing): cho php thu bao xem cc trang web trn TV ca h. Nhn tin bng TV (TV Instant Messaging): cho php thu bao thng tin qua IM trong khi ng thi s dng cc dch v video/audio hay gaming khc. TV Email: cho php thu bao s dng cc ng dng ngi s dng trn TV c, gi v nhn th in t. Telecommerce Service: tng t nh cc dch v e-commerce, cc dch v Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3
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ny c thit k cho php thu bao s dng TV ca mnh tm kim v t mua hng. 1.4.5. Dch v qung co H tr cc qung co qung b truyn thng v xen vo cng vi qung b cc b ti cc im khc nhau trong mng IPTV. Kh nng tng quan gia cc set-top box v cc mc u tin dch v cho php nh cung cp dch v a ra cc dch v qung co c hng i tng. Vic tch hp cc dch v qung co hng vo i tng s dng vi cc dch v mua bn t xa cho php nh cung cp dch v c th gip ngi s dng ca mnh thc hin c nhng tha thun mua bn theo yu cu. Vi bn cht hai chiu ca mng thng tin v cc dch v kt hp, cc thu bao c th cung cp kin nh gi ca mnh i vi qung co trn IPTV lm cho dch v qung co ny st vi i tng hn, ph hp hn. 1.4.6. Dch v tng tc 1.4.6.1. Ghi hnh ring t (PVR) Trong trng hp ny, thu bao c th thu li cc chng trnh vo th mc ca mnh, cc thu bao s tr tin thng qua ti khon. i vi ni dung c m ho, kho gii m s c download t trn h thng ti thi im xem ni dung. Chc nng ny thu bao c th chia s nhng hnh nh ca h cho bn b v nhng ngi thn ca h. 1.4.6.2. Ghi hnh ring t trn mng (nPVR) nPVR l mt thnh phn mng ghi v pht li ni dung ca cc knh truyn hnh. C th khng nht thit ghi li tt c cc knh truyn hnh, nPVR s gii hn trc ch nhng chng trnh c chn, nhng chng trnh ny c th c ghi li vi mc ch iu khin lu tr d liu. EPG s c nhim v xc nh xem knh no m nPVR c th cung cp. Da trn list ny, cc thu bao c th lu li cc chng trnh m h chn trong th vin nPVR hoc thng qua EPG chng hn nh mt biu tng hay mt icon. Trong lc xem nhng chng trnh do nPVR cung cp, thu bao c th tu thch s dng nhng cc chc nng iu khin nh Play, Pause, FF, RW. Nh cung cp dch v s thit lp cc quy tc ghi cho mi knh TV ring, chng hn thi gian lu tr cho knh c ghi. 1.4.6.3. Bnh chn v d on Cung cp tnh nng bnh chn trc tip v dch v tr chi d on cho ngi Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3
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xem qua TV. Vic d on, bnh chn c kt hp th hin trc tip trn cc chng trnh truyn hnh. Cho php to cc kch bn bnh chn hoc d on d dng v linh ng theo nhiu tiu ch khc nhau. Chc nng bnh chn c th thc hin ng thi trong khi vn ang xem chng trnh TV. H tr m thanh, hnh nh minh ha cho cc mc a ra. Thao tc bnh chn, d on cn c h tr thun tin thng qua Remote Control. 1.4.6.4. Gio dc trn ti vi Cung cp tt c cc dch v hc tp, o to theo cc ni dung v theo tng la tui. H thng h tr kh nng qun l ni dung cc chng trnh hc tp, o to. Giao din h thng m bo thn thin, EPG hin th d dng thun tin cho ngi s dng. H thng cho php pht trin, tch hp thm cc dch v learning mi vo h thng IPTV hin ti theo yu cu. C gii php hon chnh cho cc nh cung cp third-party tch hp vo h thng cung cp dch v. 1.4.6.5. Thng mi trn ti vi Thng mi qua TV l cc dch v tng tc cho php ngi s dng trao i, mua bn v u gi nhng sn phm c gii thiu trn TV hoc nhng chng trnh qung co. thu bao c th ng k, thc hin cc dch v ny h thng cn h tr cc phng thc t hng, thanh ton, giao hng n tn tay ngi dng. H thng c s ng b, nht qun t server, middleware, EPG n STB cung cp dch v n ngi s dng. H tr gii thiu, qung b cc thng tin sn phm trn cc knh Live TV, VoD .. mt cch linh ng v hiu qu. C gii php tch hp vi h thng thanh ton qua ngn hng, gii php m bo an ton tr tin trc tuyn. 1.4.6.6. Tng tc qua di ng Dch v ny cho php thu bao c th xem v tng tc hnh nh thng qua cc thit b cm tay nh trn mn hnh TV. Ngoi ra cn c th cho php thu bao t thit b cm tay ca mnh iu khin mi qu trnh tng tc ca STB i vi h thng qua thit b cm tay ca mnh. V d, khi thu bao ang bn i cng tc nhng mun thu mt chng trnh m h thch xem ti mt thi im no vo b nh trn STB ca mnh ti nh. H c th iu khin t thit b cm tay ca h trn thit b cm tay. 1.4.6.7. Tin nhn trn ti vi Chc nng ny cho php ngi xem TV c th chat trc vi nhau thng qua Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3 20
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h thng IPTV. Ngoi chat trc tip vi nhau, ngi s dng c th chat vi cc ngi dng ca h thng khc nh Yahoo, MSN, cc tin nhn SMS .. H thng c th qun l thng tin c nhn ca cc thnh vin (Profile). Qun l danh sch bn b nh thm, xa, sa thng tin, c ch thng bo ti ngi dng khi c message mi n. Qun l thng tin Offline Message. Ngoi ra cc tnh nng khc s pht trin nh h tr voice chat v video (webcam), STB h tr bn phm khng dy, font ch Unicode v tch hp b g ting Vit. 1.4.7. Dch v truyn hnh hi ngh Hi tho truyn hnh cho php nhiu thu bao tham gia i thoi trc tuyn thng qua truyn hnh. Gii php ny cho php t chc cc cuc hp, cc bui hi tho, o to trc tuyn t xa, ngi dng c th tham gia t bt c v tr a l no min l c kt ni h thng IPTV. H thng h tr vic thay i cc thng s v cht lng hnh nh, chun nn, cho ph hp vi bng thng ca mng li. 1.4.8. Dch v gia tng khc 1.4.8.1. Tin nhin SMS/MMS Chc nng ny cho php ngi dng TV c th gi nhn tin nhn SMS, MMS n cc mng di ng. Cho php gi nhn tin nhn trc tip gia ngi s dng ca h thng IPTV v ngi s dng ca mng mobile. H thng c giao din nhp tin nhn d dng, STB s h tr bn phm khng dy trong tng lai. C ch cnh bo ngi dng khi c SMS mi n. 1.4.8.2. Th in t trn ti vi Chc nng ny ging nh mt trnh email-client. Ngi dng c th gi, nhn, c trc tip email thng qua mn hnh giao din trn mn hnh TV. Tuy nhin hin ti cc STB cu hnh thp c hn ch l khng th gi c file nh km, cn pht trin kh nng tch hp thit b u vo (USB chng hn..) upload ni dung. Chc nng ny h tr y chun SMTP, POP3 thng dng. H tr cc tnh nng email-client c bn nh: CC, BCC, HTML mail, chn ch k (signature), sp xp message theo cc tiu ch khc nhau... Cho php cu hnh, to nhiu ti khon email kt ni gi nhn email n cc mail-server khc nhau. Qun l thng tin Address Book. 1.4.8.3. Chia s truyn thng (an bum nh) Chc nng ny cho php ngi s dng thng qua h thng IPTV c th to, Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3
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lu tr v qun l cc album nh ca mnh. H thng album cho php qun l theo cc category khc nhau. H tr giao din thn thin, EPG hin th d dng thun tin. Chc nng tm kim thng tin nh, to cc th mc c nhn (Private). 1.4.8.4. Ghi nht k hnh nh Dch v ny cho php ngi s dng IPTV c th to ring cho mnh mt blog c kh nng lu tr cc clip video. Ngi dng c th son tho, thm mi cc mc, bi vit d dng. H thng h tr qun l thng tin c nhn ca cc thnh vin (Profile), cho php phn quyn cc thnh vin khc nhau. Ngi s dng c th qun l danh sch bn b nh thm, xa, sa thng tin. 1.4.8.5. Quan st ton cu Dch v ny ng dng cho theo di giao thng, gim st an ninh v gim st h gia nh t xa. Vi loi hnh dch v ny, h thng IPTV c th ng dng cho tp ngi s dng nhm ln nh cc cng ty, doanh nghip. H thng h tr gii php hon chnh cho php tch hp cung cp dch v trn h thng IPTV trin khai. Cung cp cc thit b tch hp i km (camera, remote,..) pha ngi s dng h tr cho vic monitoring.
Kt lun chng 1
Cng ngh truyn hnh s to ra nhng ci tin v c bn so vi cc dch v truyn hnh tng t. S xut hin truyn hnh s mang li nhng li ch r rt v cht lng hnh nh, m thanh v kh nng truy cp ti nhiu dch v gii tr mi. IPTV l phng php mi truyn ti ni dung truyn hnh s trn mng v c xem l mt phn ca dch v triple-play thng c cc nh khai thc Vin thng trn th gii cung cp. Thut ng IPTV m t h thng c th truyn ti cc chng trnh truyn hnh trc tip, phim v cc loi ni dung video tng tc khc trn mng da trn IP. Cc thnh phn cu to nn mng IPTV ny gm cc h thng nh nh cc qu x l video, bo mt mng truyn ti. Cu trc h tng mng IPTV t u cui-ti-u cui c th bao gm tt c hay mt s cc thnh phn sau: Trung tm s liu IPTV chu trch nhim x l v chun b ni dung truyn ti qua mng bng rng. Mng phn phi IPTV bao gm nhiu phn t v cng ngh truyn ti ni dung IPTV t trung tm s liu ti cc i tng s dng. Thit b set-top box c lp t ti nh cc thu bao cung cp kt ni gia TV v mng truy nhp da trn IP. Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3 22
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Mng trong nh ca ngi s dng cho php phn phi s liu, thoi v video gia cc thit b khc nhau.
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Chng 2: Cng ngh truyn hnh trn IP
CHNG 2: CNG NGH TRUYN HNH TRN IP

2.1. Kin trc h thng IPTV
Hnh 6: Kin trc chung ca mt h thng IPTV Kin trc IPTV gm cc khi chc nng sau: * Ngun ni dung: Ngun d liu, c chc nng thu nhn cc ni dung d liu nh phim nh t cc nh sn xut v cc ngun khc. Sau , cc ni dung ny c m ha v lu tr trong c s d liu phc v cho dch v video theo yu cu (VoD). * Nt dch v IPTV: Cc node dch v IPTV, c chc nng nhn cc lung d liu hnh nh di cc nh dng khc nhau. Cc lung d liu ny s c nh dng v ng gi li truyn i vi cht lng dch v (QoS) m bo. i vi vic qun l dch v, cc node dch v ny s trao i trc tip vi thit b u cui ngi s dng (CPE), cn i vi cc thu bao cc node dch v ny trao i vi dch v IPTV. * Mng phn phi din rng: Mng phn b vng rng hnh thnh nn vic phn b kh nng, dung lng v cht lng ca dch v. Mng ny cng gm cc chc nng khc nh truyn a hng, vic ny rt cn thit cho vic phn b cc lung d liu IPTV t cc node dch v n ngi s dng mt cch tin cy v ng thi gian. Ngoi ra, mng li v mng truy nhp gm c mng ng trc quang v b ghp knh truy nhp ng dy thu bao s (DSLAMs). * Kt ni ngi s dng: Kt ni truy nhp ngi s dng, i hi s dng cc cng ngh DSL tc cao nh ADSL2+ v VDSL, thng tin c truyn n ngi s dng qua ng in thoi. * Thit b u cui ngi s dng (CPE): Thit b u cui ngi s dng Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3 24
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cung cp chc nng kt cui mng bng rng (B-NT). Thit b ny c th cung cp cc chc nng nh cng nh hng, set-top box, internet. * Khch th IPTV: L khi chc nng c nhim v kt cui lu lng IPTV ti u cui ngi s dng. Thit b ny, v d nh set-top box, thc hin chc nng x l nh thit lp kt ni v QoS i vi cc node dch v, gii m cc lung tn hiu hnh nh, chuyn i knh, hin th iu khin v cc kt ni n cc ng dng ngi s dng nh truyn hnh s tiu chun (SDTV) hoc truyn hnh s nt cao (HDTV). 2.2. H thng cung cp dch v IPTV H thng cung cp dch v IPTV s bao gm cc thnh phn v th hin nh trong hnh 7.
Headend Qun l mng & Tnh cc
Ngun tn hiu (s, analog)
Encoder
STB
DRM Middleware
IP multicast stream
Thu bao
Mng truy nhp
H thng phn phi ni dung

IP multicast/unicast stream VoD servers
STB
Thu bao
Hnh 7: M hnh kin trc h thng cung cp dch v IPTV H thng cung cp ngun d liu: Thu, nhn v x l cc d liu chng trnh t cc ngun khc nhau nh v tinh, truyn hnh mt t v cc ngun khc chuyn sang h thng Headen. H thng u cui (Headend): Thu, iu ch v gii m ni dung hnh nh v m thanh t cc ngun khc nhau v s dng cc thit b m ha chuyn i ni dung ny thnh cc lung IP multicast khun dng m ha mong mun. H thng trung gian (Middleware): c vai tr gn kt mt s thnh phn logc thnh mt h thng phn mm IPTV/video hon chnh hn. H thng Middleware cung cp giao din ngi s dng cho c dch v bng rng v theo yu cu. H thng ny cng c s dng nh phn mm lin kt tch hp cc sn phm t Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3
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cc nh cung cp khc nhau thnh mt mc ng dng.Middleware cung cp kh nng qun l thu bao, ni dung v bo co hon chnh cng vi cc chc nng qun l chng trnh in t (EPG) v thit b u cui ngi s dng (STB), ng thi vn duy tr tnh m cho vic tch hp cc dch v trong tng lai. H thng phn phi ni dung: Bao gm cc cm my ch truyn hnh theo yu cu (VoD) v cc h thng qun l VoD tng ng, cho php lu tr cc ni dung c m ha v thit lp cc chnh sch phn phi ni dung mt cch mm do. H thng ny cng cho php nh khai thc m rng mt cch kinh t, ph hp vi ti v yu cu dch v ca cc thu bao. H thng qun l bn quyn s (DRM): Gip nh khai thc bo v ni dung ca mnh, nh trn cc tn hiu truyn hnh hay m ha ni dung VoD, khi truyn i trn mng Internet v tch hp vi tnh nng an ninh ti STB pha thu bao. Mng truy nhp: H tng mng IP bng rng truyn dch v t nh cung cp n khch hng Thit b u cui ngi s dng (STB): Thit b u cui pha ngi s dng cho php thu, gii m v hin th ni dung trn mn hnh TV. STB cng c th h tr HDTV, c kh nng kt ni vi cc thit b lu tr bn ngoi, video phone, truy nhp web ... H thng qun l mng v tnh cc. 2.3. Mng cung cp dch v Triple Play Hin nay, vi vic s dng cc cng ngh mng truy nhp v chuyn mch gi da trn giao thc IP, cc cng ty vin thng c th gim chi ph u t ng thi a ra c nhiu loi dch v mi. Cc nh cung cp ng truyn ang n lc chuyn i t knh sang gi theo nh hng cng ngh chin lc ca h tng kh nng to ra dch v v cung cp vi gi thnh thp v to ra c mt cu trc mng IP linh hot. S pht trin ca cc sn phm mi l cha kha cho s chuyn i ny, c th nh cc chuyn mch mm dng cho cc dch v thoi, cc h thng Headend s cung cp truyn hnh IP, cc h thng mch vng bng rng cho php hp nht thoi, s liu v truyn hnh trn mt h tng mng truy nhp duy nht. Vi s tc ng ca cc cng ngh gi, cc nh cung cp dch v c th duy tr kh nng cnh tranh bng cch cung cp cc dch v "Triple-Play" vi thoi - s liu - truyn hnh trn cc ng truyn DSL.
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PSTN Class 5 Internet Router
CO RT
GE
Video Headend
DSL RT
RT
NxGE
CO
COT RT
Access Network
CO
RT
Central Office
Back bone /Metro/Interoffice
Hnh 8: Kin trc mng cung cp dch v Triple Play Trong kin trc mch vng ni ht cung cp dch v Triple Play, mt h thng mch vng mang cc lu lng thoi, s liu v truyn hnh t cc RT (Remote Terminal) s dng cc ng dy in thoi tiu chun vi giao din DSL. Cc RT c kt ni n u cui trm trung tm (COT) thng qua mng truy nhp. Khch hng c kt ni trc tip trn cc i cp ng n trm trung tm (CO) c th nhn c tt c cc dch v nh nhau trc tip t COT. COT cung cp cc truy nhp n mng chuyn mch cng cng (PSTN) thng qua h thng chuyn mch truyn thng hoc chuyn mch mm (dng cho VoIP), cung cp truy nhp Internet thng qua thit b nh tuyn v cung cp truy nhp n cc dch v truyn hnh thng qua kt ni n Video Headend. Gii php ny s dng cng ngh IP tiu chun. V mt k thut, cch tip cn ny loi b s phc tp ca mng. V mt kinh t, gii php ny gim ng k chi ph xy dng v vn hnh mng. Xt v kha cnh lu lng, khch hng kt ni vo mng ti u xa (RT) hay trung tm (CO) qua cc giao tip truyn thng nh cc ng analog/POTS, E1 hay DSL. Mi lu lng khng phi l IP s c chuyn i thnh cc gi ti RT, v d thoi analog c chuyn thnh VoIP. RT c kt ni n CO qua cc lin kt Ethernet hoc POTS theo mi cu hnh mng nh ring, string, star, v.v... ph hp vi cu hnh mng ca nh cung cp. Lu lng IP i t RT n COT ti CO. COT kt ni vi cc thit b chuyn mch Class 5 v kt ni n thit b nh tuyn truy nhp Internet, chuyn mch mm v n cc Video Headends. 2.4. Cc chun nn hnh nh s dng cho IPTV Cng vi s pht trin mnh m ca my tnh v s ra i ca internet, th vic tm ra mt phng php nn nh nhm gim bt khng gian lu tr thng tin v truyn thng trn mng l yu cu cp thit. Cc k thut nn Video u c gng Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3
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gim lng thng tin cn thit cho mt chui cc bc nh, m khng lm gim cht lng nh. Mc ch ca nn video l gim bt s bt khi lu tr v truyn bng cch loi b lng thng tin d tha trong tng frame v dng k thut m ho ti thiu ho lng thng tin quan trng cn lu gi. Vi mt thit b lu hnh k thut s thng thng, nh sau khi c s ho s c nn li. Qu trnh nn s x l cc d liu trong nh a hnh nh vo mt khng gian hp hn nh trong thit b nh k thut s hoc qua ng dy in thoi, ... Vi th trng lu hnh k thut s hin nay, cc chun nn ph bin l Motion JPEG (MJPEG), Wavelet, H.261/ H.263/ H.263+/ H.263++ v MPGE-1/ MPGE-2/ MPGE-4. Nhn chung, c hai nhm tiu chun ch yu: nhm mt gm nh dng nn MJPEG v Wavelet; v nhm hai gm cc nh dng chun cn li. Cc thut ton m ha ca hai nhm l tng t nhau nhng mc ch ca chng li khc nhau. H.26x series c pht trin cho in thoi truyn hnh trong khi MPEG series c pht trin chnh cho vic qung b hnh nh cht lng cao.
Hnh 9: Lch s v xu hng pht trin ca cc chun nn 2.4.1. Chun nn MJPEG v Wavelet Tnh cht chung ca cc nh s l tng quan gia cc pixel cnh nhau ln, iu ny dn ti d tha thng tin biu din nh. Vic d tha thng tin dn ti vic m ho khng ti u. Do vy, ta cn tm phng n biu din nh vi tng quan nh nht, gim thiu d tha thng tin ca nh. C 2 kiu d tha thng tin nh sau: * D tha trong min khng gian: l tng quan gia khng gian pixel ca Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3
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nh (cc pixel ln cn ca nh c gi tr gn ging nhau, tr nhng pixel gip ng bin nh). * D tha trong min tn s: l tng quan gia nhng di mu hoc cc di ph khc nhau. * Trng tm ca cc nghin cu v nn nh l gim bt mt s bit biu din nh bng vic loi b d tha trong min khng gian v min tn s cng nhiu cng tt. Cc chun nn MJPEG v Wavelet u tun theo nguyn tc tm ra cc phn t d tha min khng gian (mi Frame nn t ng). Trong khi , c trng ca cc chun nn thuc nhm 2 l loi b d tha c min khng gian v min tn s ca nh. * MJPEG l nh dng nn nh lu i nht v c dng ph bin. Khi dng chun nn MJPEG, nh c phn chia thnh cc khi vung nh, mi khi vung c kch thc 8 x 8 pixel v biu din mc xm ca 64 im nh. M ho bin i cosin ri rc DCT (Discrete Cosin Tranform) trong chun nn ny khai thc s tng ng gia cc pixel trong mi khi, ly ra cc biu din nh vi tng quan nh. Chui biu din s b rt ngn, tu theo mc nn ca h thng hin hnh vi qui trnh rt ngn chui biu din. V vy, hnh nh sau khi gii nn thng c nhiu sai lch so vi nh gc. chun nn Wavelet, thay v m ho theo tng khi 8 x 8, vic thc hin trn ton b b mt nh, mt lot cc b phn lc khu chuyn i s phn tch cc d kin v tng im nh v cho ra mt tp cc h s. Do chun Wavelet c tc dng vi ton b b mt nh, nn cc sai lch nh gii nn s khc vi MJPEG. Hiu ng ghp mnh khng xy n vi nh c quan st, nhng phn gii hnh nh gim cng nh mt vi vt m s xut hin. Cc nh dng Wavelet v MJPEG u gy ra hin tng mt thng tin nh gii nn. S d tha kh nng lu nh mt ngi cm th khi dng chun nn Wavelet t hn MJPEG 30%. 2.4.2. Chun nn MPEG-x v H.26x MPEG khng phi l mt cng c nn n l, u im ca nh nn dng MPEG l ch MPEG c mt tp hp cc cng c m ha chun, chng c th kt hp vi nhau mt cch linh ng phc v cho mt lot cc ng dng khc nhau. Nguyn l chung ca nn tn hiu video l loi b s d tha v khng gian v s d tha v thi gian, c thc hin trc ht nh s dng tnh cht gia cc nh lin tip. Chng ta dng tnh cht ny to ra cc bc nh mi nh vo thng tin t nhng bc nh gi trc . Do vy pha b m ha ta ch cn gi li nhng Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3
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nh c s thay i so vi nh trc, sau ta dng phng php nn v khng gian trong nhng bc nh sai khc ny. Ni mt cch c th, nguyn l chung ca cc chun nn l phng on trc chuyn ng ca cc frame b m ha. Mi frame ti mt thi im nht nh s c nhiu kh nng ging vi cc frame ng ngay trc v sau . Cc b m ha s tin hnh qut ln lt nhng phn nh trong mi frame (marco blocks) v pht hin ra marco block no khng thay i t frame ny ti frame khc. Pha bn thu, tc b gii m lu tr sn nhng thng tin khng thay i t frame ny ti frame khc, chng c dng in thm vo v tr trng trong nh c khi phc. Tuy nhin, do s tng ng gia cc frame l rt ln, nn s pht hin ra cc sai lch l rt kh. Do vy nh khi phc kh t c nh nh gc. iu ny ng ngha vi vic cht lng nh cng tng t nh khi dng chun Wavelet v MJPEG, nhng dung lng knh truyn v khng gian lu tr ca cc chun nn H.26x v MPEG-x l nh hn (v d nh khng gian lu tr ca chun H.263 nh hn Motion JPEG t 3 ti 5 ln). S khc bit gia cc chun nn ny (nh H.26x v MPEG-x) ch yu nm khu tin on cc frame mi v cch thc tnh ton sai lch gia cc frame hin ti v frame phng on. Chun nn H.26x (gm cc th h H.261, H.262 v H.263, ...), thng c tc m ho tn hiu thp hn MPEG-x (khong 1,5 Mbps vi phn gii hnh 352 x 288) do dng ch yu trong vin thng. Trong khi , chun MPEG-2 dng cho th trng gii tr c phn gii hnh cao hn, v mang li cht lng hnh nh tt (cao hn 1,5 Mbps vi phn gii 352x288 hoc 6 Mbps cho phn gii hon chnh). 2.4.3. Chun nn MPEG-2 MPEG-2, ra i nm 1994, l tn ca mt nhm cc tiu chun m ha cho tn hiu m thanh v hnh nh s, c chp thun bi MPEG (Moving Picture Expert Group) v c cng b trong tiu chun quc t ISO/IEC 13818. MPEG-2 thng c s dng m ha m thanh v hnh nh cho cc tn hiu broadcast bao gm truyn hnh v tinh qung b trc tip v truyn hnh cp. MPEG-2 vi mt s sa i cng l khun dng c s dng bi cc phim DVD thng mi tiu chun. MPEG-2 bao gm cc phn chnh sau: * MPEG-2 Systems part (part 1) xc nh hai khun dng ring bit. Lung truyn ti (Transport Stream) c thit k mang m v hnh nh s qua cc phng tin khng c tin cy lm. MPEG-2 Transport Stream thng c s dng trong cc ng dng bng rng, nh ATSC v DVB. MPEG-2 Systems cng xc nh cc lung chng trnh (Program Stream), mt khun dng c thit k Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3
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cho cc phng tin c tin cy chp nhn c nh a. MPEG-2 Program Stream c s dng trong cc tiu chun DVD v SVCD. MPEG-2 System c bit n chnh thc l ISO/IEC 13818-1 v ITU-T Rec.H222.0 * MPEG-2 Video part (part 2) tng t nh MPEG-1, nhng cng h tr cho video xen k (interlaced video, khun dng c s dng cho cc h thng truyn hnh qung b tng t). MPEG-2 video khng ti u cho cc tc bt thp (<1 Mbit/s), nhng li thc hin tt hn MPEG-1 ti tc 3 Mbit/s v cao hn. Ton b cc b gii m Video tun theo chun MPEG-2 hon ton c kh nng pht li cc lung video MPEG-1. MPEG-2 Video c bit n chnh thc l ISO/IEC 13818-2 v ITU-T REc. H.262. * MPEG-2 Audio part (part 3) ci tin chc nng m thanh ca MPEG-1 bng cch cho php m ha cc chng trnh m thanh vi nhiu hn hai knh. Part 3 cng tng thch vi chun, cho php cc b gii m m thanh MPEG-1 gii m cc thnh phn m thanh ni (stereo). MPEG-2 c dng m ha hnh nh ng v m thanh v to ra ba kiu khung s liu (intra frame, forward predictive frame v bidirectional pridicted frame) c th c sp xp theo mt trt t c th gi l cu trc nhm cc hnh nh (group of picture, GOP). Mt lung video MPEG-2 c to nn bi mt chui cc khung s liu m ha hnh nh. C ba cch m ha mt hnh nh l: intra-coded (I picture), forward predictive (P picture) v bidirectional predictive (B picture). Cc hnh nh ca lung video c phn ra thnh mt knh cha thng tin v sng (luminance, cn gi l knh Y) v hai knh thnh phn mu (chrominance, cn gi l tn hiu mu phn bit Cb v Cr). MPEG-2 s dng cc chun m ha m thanh mi, l: * M ha tc bt thp vi tn s ly mu gim i mt na (MPEG-1 Layer 1/2/3 LSF). * M ha a knh, ln n 5.1 knh * MPEG-2 AAC 2.4.4. Chun nn MPEG-4: MPEG-4 l mt chun nn chnh c s dng nn d liu v m thanh v hnh nh (audio and visual, AV). c a ra vo nm 1998, MPEG-4 c la chn cho nhm cc tiu chun hnh nh v m thanh. MPEG-4 c ng dng cho web, CD, videophone v truyn hnh qung b. MPEG-4 tip thu cc c im ca MPEG-1 v MPEG-2 v cc chun khc Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3
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lin quan v b sung thm cc tnh nng mi nh h tr VRML cho 3D, cc file bao gm cc vt th c nh hng (gm audio, video v VRML). MPEG-4 thc s l mt dng nn nh mang tnh t ph ca cng ngh nn hnh ng i, th hin r nt nhng tiu chun sau: * p dng nhng tiu chun c tnh m cao vi s h tr c lc t ngnh cng nghip an ninh v cng nghip my tnh. * Kh nng truyn theo dng v mng li. * Ti thiu ha dung lng knh truyn v khng gian lu tr trong khi vn gi c tnh trung thc ca nh. Nhng chun nn MPEG-4 c profile dng n gin chim lnh a phn th trng. MPEG-4 c pht trin v hon thin tr thnh nh dng nn hnh tin tin, hon ho, vi tiu ch tp trung pht trin nhng nhn t gip tng cng cht lng hnh nh, cng nh phc v c lc cho cc thit b gim st c cc frame dng ch nht. Mi bit stream hin th trong nh dng nn MPEG-4 cung cp mt m t mang tnh phn tng v hnh nh hin th. Tng lp d liu c a vo lung bit bi nhng mt m c bit gi l mt m khi ngun. 2.4.4.1. Phn phi cc lung d liu
Hnh 10: M hnh cc lp h thng MPEG-4 Vic phn phi mt cch ng b cc lung thng tin t ngun n ch c xc nh di dng lp ng b (Sync Layer) v mt lp phn phi (Delivery Layer) gm hai lp c ghp li l DMIF Layer v TransMux Layer. DMIF Layer c iu khin bi giao din DMIF (Delivery Multimedia Intergration Framework), l giao din gia ng dng v truyn ti. Mt ng dng n l c th chy trn cc lp truyn ti khc nhau khi c h tr DMIF. MPEG-4 DMIF h tr cc chc nng sau: Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3 32
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* L mt giao din ng dng trong sut * iu khin vic thit lp cc knh FlexMux * S dng cc mng ng nht gia cc peer tng tc vi nhau: IP, ATM, di ng, PSTN, ISDN bng hp * H tr mng di ng, c pht trin cng vi ITU-T * UserCommands vi bn tin xc nhn * Qun l thng tin MPEG-4 Sync Layer Lp TransMux cung cp cc dch v truyn ti ph hp vi cc yu cu v QoS. Ch giao din i vi lp ny c xc nh bi MPEG-4 trong khi cc sp xp c th ca cc gi d liu v iu khin bo hiu cn c tin hnh cng vi cc phn chnh c tc dng qua cc giao thc truyn ti tng ng. Bt k giao thc truyn ti tn ti thch hp no nh (RTP)/UDP/IP, (AAL5)/ATM hoc lung truyn ti ca MPEG-2 qua mt lp kt ni thch hp no c th tr thnh mt v d TransMux c trng. S la chn ny chuyn ti ngi s dng cui/nh cung cp dch v v cho php MPEG-4 c s dng trong mt di ca mi trng vn hnh. S dng cng c ghp knh FlexMux l la chn, lp ny c th b trng nu lp TransMux di cung cp ton b cc chc nng yu cu. Tuy nhin, lp ng b (Sync Layer) th lun phi tn ti. Chc nng ca lp ny nh sau: * Nhn dng cc khi truy nhp, truyn ti timestamps v thng tin tham chiu nhp v nhn dng d liu mt * La chn d liu chn vo t cc lung s cp khc thnh lung FlexMux. * Truyn thng tin iu khin * Ch r QoS yu cu i vi mi lung s cp v lung FlexMux * Chuyn cc yu cu QoS thnh cc ti nguyn mng thc t * Kt hp cc lung s cp vi cc i tng trung gian * Truyn i cc sp xp ca cc lung s cp ti knh FlexMux v TransMux 2.4.4.2. H thng MPEG-4 c xc nh l cng c ca cc thut ton nn tin tin i vi cc d liu hnh nh v m thanh. Cc lung d liu (Elementary Streams, ES) l kt qu t qu trnh m ha c truyn i v lu tr ring bit. Mi quan h gia cc thnh phn hnh nh v m thanh c m t thnh hai mc chnh: * BIFS (Binary Format for Scenes) m t s sp xp v khng gian v thi gian ca cc i tng. Ngi xem c th c kh nng tng tc vi cc i tng, v d sp xp li chng trn mn nh hoc thay i quan im v cch xem trong mi trng 3D. Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3 33
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* Ti lp thp hn, Object Descriptors (ODs) xc nh quan h gia Elementary Streams thch hp vi tng i tng (v d lung m thanh v hnh nh ca mt ngi trong mt cuc hi ngh truyn hnh). ODs cng cung cp thm cc thng tin nh nhu cu URL truy nhp Elementary Stream, cc c tnh ca b gii m, vt s hu tr tu, ... 2.4.4.3. MPEG-4 Audio MPEG-4 Audio to iu kin thun li cho mt lng ln cc ng dng t cc bi din thuyt n gin n cc hnh nh a knh cht lng cao, v t cc m thanh t nhin n cc m thanh tng hp. c bit, MPEG-4 h tr cc biu din hiu sut cao ca cc i tng hnh nh bao gm: * Cc tn hiu hnh nh thng thng: H tr cho vic m ha hnh nh thng thng t cht lng thp n cao c cung cp bi k thut m ha bin i. Vi chc nng ny, mt di rng cc bt v bng tn c bao ph. Bt u ti tc bt 6 kbit/s v bng tn di 4kHz v m rng ti hnh nh cht lng qung b t n ti a knh. Cht lng cao c th t c vi tr thp. M ha hnh nh tham s (Parametric Audio Coding) cho php m thanh vi tc thp. * Cc tn hiu thoi: M ha thoi c tin hnh s dng tc t 2kbit/s ti 24 kbit/s s dng cng c m ha thoi. Tc bt thp hn, v d 1,2 kbit/s, cng c th khi m ha tc thay i c cho php. Khi s dng cng c HVXC, tc v cng c th c thay i di s iu khin ca ngi s dng trong khi pht li. Nu cng c CELP c s dng, vic thay i tc pht li c th t c bng cch s dng v thm vo cc cng c vic x l c hiu qu. 2.4.4.4. MPEG-4 Visual MPEG-4 Visual tiu chun cho php m ha lai ghp cc hnh nh t nhin (cn c vo pixel) v cc cnh nhn to (ly ra t my tnh). Di y l tng quan v cc cng c v thut ton ca chun hnh nh MPEG-4. * Cc nh dng c h tr bi MPEG-4 Visual: + Tc bt: t 5kbit/s n ln hn 1 Gbit/s + Cc nh dng: pht trin khng ngng cng nh cc hnh nh kt hp cht ch vi nhau + Gii php: in hnh t sub-QCIF ti gii php Studio (4k x 4k pixels) * Hiu qu nn: + i vi ton b cc tc bt c nh a ch, thut ton ny rt hiu qu. Thut ton ny bao gm vic kt hp m ha vi cht lng c iu chnh gia kh nng chp nhn i vi tc nn cao vi near lossless + Nn hiu qu i vi mng li 2-D v 3-D Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3 34
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+ Truyn hnh truy nhp ngu nhin cho php cc chc nng nh tm dng, chuyn i nhanh ca cc chng trnh truyn hnh c lu tr * Cc chc nng Content-Based + M ha ni dung hnh nh v video cho php tch bit vic gii m v ti thit li cc i tng video c nh dng ring. + Truy nhp ngu nhin cc ni dung cc video cho php cc chc nng nh tm dng, chyn i nhanh cc chng trnh truyn hnh c lu tr. + Nhn m rng ni dung cc chng trnh truyn hnh cho php cc chc nng nh lm thay i cc text nhn to hay t nhin, b cc, hnh nh v chng trnh truyn hnh bao ph ni dung truyn hnh c thay i. * Tnh linh ng cao v text, hnh nh v video + Tnh linh ng v a dng ca b m ha cho php m ha cc lung bt phc tp khc nhau i vi mt tex, hnh nh hoc video. + Tnh linh ng v a dng ca b gii m cc lung bt vn bn, hnh nh hoc video c gii m bi b gii m ti cc mc phc tp khc nhau. Nhn chung cht lng khi phc li lin quan n phc tp ca b gii m c s dng. + Tnh linh ng v khng gian cho php b gii m gii m mt tp hp ca ton b lung bt c pht ra bi b m ha khi phc li v hin th cc tex, hnh nh v video. + Tnh linh ng v thi gian cho php b gii m gii m mt tp hp ca ton b lung bt c pht ra bi b m ha khi phc li v hin th video. + Tnh linh ng v cht lng cho php mt lung bt c phn tch thnh mt s cc lp lung bt c tc bt khc nhau v d nh s kt hp ca mt tp hp cc lp vn c th c gii m thnh mt tn hiu c ngha. Phn tch lung bt c th xy ra trong qu trnh truyn hoc gii m. Nhn chung cht lng khi phc li lin quan n s lng lp c s dng gii m v khi phc. 2.4.5. Chun nn H.264/MPEG-4 Part 10/AVC H.264 l tiu chun nn hnh nh, c bit n nh MPEG-4 Part 10 hoc AVC (Advanced Video Coding). Phin bn u tin ca H.264/AVC c hon thin vo thng 5/2003. H.264/AVC to ra mt tiu chun c kh nng cung cp cht lng hnh nh tt ti tc bt thp hn cc tiu chun trc nh MPEG2, H.263, hoc MPEG-4 m khng cn tng phc tp v cu trc. Hn na tiu chun ny c p dng cho cc ng dng trn cc h thng v mng a chng loi, gm tc bt cao v thp, lu tr DVD, qung b, hnh nh vi phn gii thp Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3
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v cao, cc mng gi RTP/IP, v cc h thng in thoi a phng tin ITU-T. H.264 c t tn theo dng tiu chun H.26x ca ITU-T, trong khi AVC theo pha ISO/IEC MPEG. Mc ch ca H.264 l to ra mt chun c kh nng cung cp cht lng video cao tc bit thp hn hn (bng mt na hoc thp hn na) so vi yu cu ca cc chun trc (MPEG-2, H.263 hay MPEG-2 Part 2) m khng lm tng nhiu s phc tp trong thit trin khai. Mt mc tiu khc l cho php tiu chun c p dng cho nhiu kiu ng dng (cho c tc bit thp v cao, v c phn gii video thp v cao) v c th lm vic tt trn nhiu kiu mng v h thng (qung b, lu tr DVD, mng gi RTP/IP, cc h thng in thoi a phng tin ca ITU-T). JVT gn y hon thin vic pht trin mt s m rng so vi chun ban u, c bit n vi tn gi M rng phm vi trung thc (Fidelity Range Extensions, FRExt). Cc m rng ny h tr m ha video trung thc cao bng cch tng chnh xc ly mu (bao gm m ha 10 bit v 12 bit) v thng tin mu sc phn gii cao (bao gm cc cu trc ly mu YUV 4:2:2 v YUV 4:4:4). Nhiu c im khc cng c thm vo trong cc m rng FRExt nh chuyn i thch ng gia cc khi 4x4 v 8x8, cc ma trn trng s lng t ha da trn cm bin ca cc b m ha c th, h tr thm nhiu khng gian mu sc, ... Mt s tnh nng mi ca H.264/MPEG-4 Part 10 cho php chun ny nn cc tn hiu video hiu qu hn so vi cc chun c v v linh hot hn cho cc ng dng trong cc mi trng mng. Mt s cc tnh nng quan trng l: * B chuyn ng a hnh s dng cc hnh nh c m ha trc lm tham chiu theo cch linh hot hn cc chun c, cho php ln ti 32 hnh nh tham chiu c s dng (cc chun c ch s dng 1, hoc 2 vi trng hp B picture). Tnh nng c bit ny cho php ci thin tc bit v cht lng trong hu ht cc trng hp. * B chuyn ng block c kch thc bin i vi kch thc block rng n 16x16 v nh n 4x4, cho php phn mnh chnh xc cc vng chuyn ng. * Cu trc cp macroblock, cho php cc macroblock kch thc 16x16 (so vi 16x8 MPEG-2). * chnh xc b chuyn ng ln n 1/4 pixel, cho php th hin chnh xc cc dch chuyn ca vng chuyn ng. * nh s khung, cho php to ra cc chui con (iu chnh v thi gian bng cch gp mt nh gia cc nh khc), pht hin v giu cc hnh b mt (xy ra do mt gi trn mng hoc li knh). * m th t hnh, cho php gi cc hnh v cc gi tr mu theo trt t trong Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3 36
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cc hnh c gii m tch bit vi thng tin nh thi (cho php thng tin nh thi c chuyn i v iu khin c lp bi h thng m khng nh hng n ni dung hnh nh c gii m). Cc k thut ny, cng vi nhiu k thut khc, lm cho H.264 hot ng tt hn so vi cc tiu chun trc, trong nhiu trng hp v mi trng ng dng khc nhau. H.264 thng lm vic tt hn rt nhiu so vi MPEG-2, cho cht lng tt hn tc bt ch bng mt na hoc thp hn so vi yu cu ca MPEG-2. H.264 cung cp cc profile sau: * Baseline profile (BP): Dng cho cc ng dng chi ph thp i hi t ti nguyn hn, ch yu dng cho cc ng dung hi ngh truyn hnh v di ng. * Main Profile (MP): Dng cho cc ng dng qung b v lu tr. Extended profile (XP): C kh nng nn kh cao, gim thiu kh nng mt d liu. * High Profile (HiP): Dng cho cc ng dng qung b v lu tr a, c bit cho cc ng dng truyn hnh yu cu nt cao (HD-DVD, Bluray disc). * High 10 Profile (Hi10P): c xy dng bn trn ca HiP, h tr 10 bit trn mt mu ca chnh xc ca hnh nh c gii m. * High 4:2:2 Profile (Hi422P): dng cho cc ng dng chuyn nghip s dng video qut xen k, c xy dng bn trn ca Hi10P, h tr khun dng ly mu sc 4:2:2 trong khi s dng 10 bit trn mt mu ca chnh xc ca hnh nh c gii m. * High 4:4:4 Profile (Hi444P): c xy dng bn trn ca Hi422P, h tr ly mu sc 4:4:4, ln n 12 bit trn mt mu. MPEG tch hp y cc h tr ca H.264/AVC vo cc h thng tiu chun ca mnh (MPEG-2 v MPEG-4) v cc tp tin a phng tin theo tiu chun ISO. ITU-T a H.264/AVC vo b tiu chun H.32x cho h thng in thoi a phng tin. Da trn cc tiu chun ITU-T, H.264/AVC c s dng rng ri cho ng dng hi ngh truyn hnh, v c ng dng trong cc sn phm ca cc cng ty chim u th trn th trng (nh Polycom v Tendberg). iu quan trng hn c l tt c cc sn phm hi ngh truyn hnh mi u h tr H.264/AVC. H.264 cng c s dng trong nhiu loi dch v Video-on-Demand trn Internet cung cp phim v cc show din truyn hnh trc tip n my tnh v my thu hnh v c kh nng s thay th chun m ha H.262/MPEG-2 hin ti ang s dng trong cc h thng truyn hnh s qung b mt t v v tinh. Yu cu v bng thng ca cc chun nn: Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3 37
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* So snh hot ng ca chun nn khc nhau nh trong th di y: * C th thy c t th so snh trn, k thut m ha H.264 rt hiu qu di bng thng thp. Cht lng video ca chun H.264 ti bng thng 1,5 Mbps tt hn so vi chun MPEG-2 bng thng 3 Mbps. S dng chun nn H.264 c th tit kim c hn mt na bng thng. Cc li ch ca H.264/AVC: * Hiu qu nn gp i, tc nn bng mt na so vi chun MPEG-2 yu cu i vi hnh nh cht lng cao v gim c c dung lng lu tr cn thit. * Cho php nhiu ni dung hn c truyn i trn h thng c sn vi tc bt thp hn. * Chi ph truyn dn thp hn do thi gian truyn gim mt na. * Chi ph trin khai thp hn vi cng ngh H.264/AVC xy dng trn nn tng tiu chun, phn cng x l khng c quyn. * Kt hp hp vi mt lp thch ng mng (Network Adaptation Layer) cung cp mt cch linh hot kh nng truyn ti qua mng chuyn mch gi v lung bt, cho php nng cp mt cch d dng cc gii php phn phi da trn MPEG-2. * S dng mt thit lp chung v cng ngh gia mobile v IPTV : lung TCP/UDP + H.264/AVC. Bng 4: Yu cu v bng thng i vi cc chun nn MPEG-1 MPEG-2 MPEG-4 Part 10; H.264 nt tiu chun Ln n 1,5 Mbps 4 - 5 Mbps 2 - 4 Mbps nt cao 18 - 20 Mbps 8 - 10 Mbps ng dng Video on Internet, MP3 Digital TV, DVD Multi video
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Hnh 11: So snh hot ng ca cc chun nn
Hnh 12: So snh v yu cu bng thng, lu tr v thi gian ti ca cc chun nn 2.5. Giao thc mng Dch v IPTV bao gm c truyn hnh trc tip (live TV) v truyn hnh c lu tr sn (Video on Demand). Vic xem truyn hnh qua IPTV cn mt my tnh hoc thit b set-top-box c kt ni ti TV. Cc ni dung truyn hnh c nn s dng chun MPEG-2 hoc MPEG-4 v c gi i di dng lung truyn ti MPEG qua IP Multicast trong trng hp truyn hnh trc tip hoc qua IP Unicast trong trng hp truyn hnh theo yu cu. IP Multicast l phng php m thng Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3
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tin c truyn n cc my tnh trong cng thi im.
Hnh 13: So snh cc phng thc truyn dn Mt h thng IPTV tiu chun thng s dng cc giao thc c bn sau: * Truyn hnh trc tip s dng giao thc IGMP version 2 kt ni ti mt lung multicast (TV channel) hoc dng chuyn cc knh truyn hnh. * VoD s dng giao thc lung thi gian thc (RTSP) * Ghi hnh nh c nhn trn mng (NPRV) Multicast, cn c gi l multiplex broadcast, l cch truyn thng tin ti mt nhm cc ch n mt cch ng thi s dng mt phng php hiu qu truyn cc bn tin trn mi kt ni ca mng ch mt ln v ch to ra cc bn sao khi cc kt ni n cc ch n r nhnh. Thut ng a hng (Multicast) thng c s dng m ch n IP Multicast, vn l mt giao thc c s dng truyn mt cch hiu qu s liu n nhiu ngi nhn cng mt lc trn cc mng s dng giao thc TCP/IP bng cch s dng mt a ch a hng. IP Multicast thng c lin quan n cc giao thc audio/video nh RTP. C nhiu k thut a hng c s dng trn Internet. Trong khi IP Multicast s dng lp a ch a hng (lp D) th a hng r rng (cn gi l Xcast) li s dng cc a ch n hng ca tt c cc ch n thay v cc a ch a hng c n nh. Do kch thc gi IP nhn chung b gii hn, Ecast khng th c s dng cho cc nhm vi s lng ln cc a ch a hng. M hnh IP Multicast i hi phi gii quyt nhiu trng thi bn trong mng hn so vi m hnh IP unicast. V cng cha c mt c ch no chng t c s cho php m hnh IP multicast c th m rng vi hng triu ngi gi v hng triu nhm multicast, do khng th to ra cc ng dng multicast hon ton dng thc t thng mi trn Internet. K t 2003, nhng n lc m rng multicast n cc mng ln tp trung vo mt trng hp multicast mt ngun n gin hn Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3 40
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v d kim sot hn. u im ca a hng: * S dng bng thng ca mng hiu qu so vi unicast - vi unicast, tng dung lng bng thng tng tuyn tnh vi s thu bao. * Yu cu s dng my ch l ti thiu so vi unicast - vi unicast, kt ni ca mi khch hng yu cu mt lung ring; vi IP Multicast, ch c mt lung c gi ra t my ch. * Yu cu s dng mng l ti thiu - y l hiu qu ca vic s dng IP Multicast. Nhc im ca a hng: * Phn pht gi thiu tin cy - do IP Multicast s dng UDP lm giao thc truyn ti nn n k tha s thiu tin cy ca UDP. * Kh nng lp gi trn mng: trong khi mt giao thc nh tuyn IP Multicast hi t, c kh nng nhiu bn sao ca mt gi multicast s n khch hng. * Khng c kh nng trnh tc nghn: do IP Multicast s dng UDP lm giao thc truyn ti nn n khng c cc c ch quay lui (backoff) v ca s (window) ca TCP. So vi n hng th a hng l phng thc truyn s dng t bng thng ca mng hn. Mt ng dng unicast s gi mt bn copy ca mi gi d liu n mi ngi nhn. Ngc li, multicast ch gi mt bn copy ti nhng ngi dng mun nhn. y l phng thc thng c s dng nht cho hi ngh video v Video-on-Demand hin nay. th di y so snh lu lng s dng gia multicast v unicast dng cho audio streaming v mi ngi dng u nghe nhc cng tc 8 Kbps. Mt s cng ng trong mng Internet cng cng vn thng s dng IP Multicast v IP Multicast c s dng cho nhiu ng dng c bit bn trong mng IP dng ring (private IP network). Cc giao thc IP Multicast: * Giao thc qun l nhm Internet (IGMP). * Giao thc a hng c lp (PIM). * Giao thc nh tuyn a hng iu khin khong cch (DVMRP). * Multicast OSPF (MOSPF). * Multicast BGP (MBGP). * Giao thc khi phc ngun a hng (MSDP). * Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD). * Giao thc ghi nhn a hng (GMRP). Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3
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0.8 0.6 Traffic 0.4 Mbps 0.2 0 1 20 40 60

Multicast Unicast
80
100
# Clients
Reference: Cisco Systems, Introduction to IP Multicast, Networkers 2002
Hnh 14: So snh lu lng s dng gia Unicast v Multicast IGMP l giao thc truyn thng thng bo cho cc b nh tuyn hng ln rng mt host mun nhn mt lung multicast. Mt host tr thnh mt thnh vin ca mt nhm multicast (c nh ngha bi mt a ch IP Class D 224.0.0.0 n 239.255.255.255) cng vi cc thit b thu khc. y l mt c ch khc ca cc c ch MPR (Multicast Routing Protocol) ch chy trn cc thit b nh tuyn. Ni cch khc khi mt host ch ra rng n mun nhn mt lung multicast, ty vo mng cc thit b nh tuyn quyt dnh x l nh th no v kt qu lun l host s nhn c mt lung. IGMP s dng hai bn tin c s cho cc hot ng tiu chun: cc Report v Query, cc host gi cc Report gia nhp hoc ri khi mt nhm. Mt host nhn Query t mt thit b nh tuyn nu thit b mun, cho d host c mun l thnh vin ca mt nhm multicast hay khng. Cc giao thc nh tuyn Multicast: C hai kiu giao thc nh tuyn IP Multicast c bn l Dense Mode, Spare Mode. * Phng thc dy c: s dng phng thc flood and prune, ngha l khi mt lung multicast i vo mng, n ngay lp tc c y n tt c cc im trn mng cho n khi cc thit b nh tuyn khng c cc mng con, cc thit b thu ct bt cc nhnh ca cy phn phi. Qu trnh c lp li c sau mi khong thi gian 2 - 3 pht, dn n s khng hiu qu do cc mng con khng cn phi lin tc nhn lung . Mode ny ch tt cho cc trin khai trn phm vi nh, vi s chng ti thiu hn ch s khng hiu qu ca giao thc. * Phng thc d phng: s dng c ch ko (pull), ngha l mi thit b nh tuyn mong mun phi gia nhp mt cy phn phi multicast (ngc li so vi cc giao thc Dense Mode). Spare Mode cng s dng c ch cy dng chung, nhiu ngun multicast c th s dng cng mt cy phn phi. iu ny c thc hin bng cch n nh mt thit b nh tuyn nh mt im gc (RP) phc v Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3
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nh ca cy phn phi. Cc ngun c th gi lu lng n cy dng chung, do tng c hiu qu tng th v yu cu duy tr t trng thi hn trn thit b nh tuyn. Mode ny tt cho vic trin khai nhiu ngun v n s dng cc cy dng chung. Mode ny cng tt cho vic trin khai trn phm vi rng hn vi cc cy c ti hai hay nhiu mc su hn. 2.6. Mng truyn ti dch v IPTV Hnh 15 m t chi tit cc lp truyn ti, tp trung v phn b ca kin trc truyn ti dch v IPTV:
Hnh 15: Kin trc mng truyn ti dch v IPTV Kin trc mng truyn ti dch v IPTV cung cp cc yu cu chc nng v cc khuyn ngh v cu hnh i vi mi nt chuyn mch trn ng truyn t cc server VoD ti cc Set Top Box. 2.6.1. Video Sites 2.6.1.1. Thit b u cui c bit Thit b u cui c bit (SHE) l ni t cc ng truyn trc tip i vi dch v video bng rng. SHE gm cc b m ha thi gian thc c s dng cho dch v video bng rng, cng vi cc h thng phn phi i vi cc dch v theo yu cu. Ti SHE cng c th bao gm cc h thng pha sau vn phng nh c s d liu thu bao. Hu ht cc h thng IPTV ch gm mt h thng SHE, y l ngun d liu ca hu ht cc lung truyn a hng i vi dch v video bng rng. SHE thng nm li ca mng truyn ti. Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3 43
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2.6.1.2. Trung tm ngun hnh nh Trung tm ngun hnh nh (VHO) l ni t cc my ch hnh nh phc tp. VHO l ni t phn ln cc bm video c s dng cho cc dch v theo yu cu. y cng l ni t cc b m ha thi gian thc cho cc trm truyn hnh ni vng. Mt h thng VHO thng thng phc v cho mt vng dn c t 100.000 n 1.000.000 h. Vic truyn ti lu lng video gia VHO v mng li IP/MPLS c h tr bi mt b nh tuyn bin phn phi (DER). DER lin kt mng li v cc ngun video ni vng ti mng phn b bng thng cao, mng ny truyn c video bng rng v video theo yu cu ti cc VSO. 2.6.1.3. Trung tm chuyn mch hnh nh Trung tm chuyn mch hnh nh (VSO) gm cc thit b nh tuyn tp trung tp trung cc GE DSLAM ni vng hoc xa. VSO thng c t ti trm chuyn mch trung tm. Trm chuyn mch trung tm ny l im kt cui vt l cho hu ht cc mch vng cp ng thuc vng qun l ca n. V ADSl v ADSL 2+ da vo di vng ngn thu c tc hun luyn ti a, cc mch vng cp ng c s dng cho dch v DSL thng c kt cui ti ni gn thu bao hn so vi VSO. Cc thit b chuyn mch ti VSO lin kt li cc mng tp trung v phn phi. Lu lng ti v i t DSLAM c tp trung bi b nh tuyn tp trung (AR). AR c t ti gia v cui ca VSO. ti thiu ha cc yu cu v bng tn gia VSO v VHO, mt VSO c th bao gm cc video pump ni vng c s dng lu tr ni dung theo yu cu. 2.6.2. Cc yu cu v dch v Video 2.6.2.1. Bng tn cao Khi lng bng thng m mt mng c kh nng truyn ti cung cp cc dch v video c yu cu cao hn so vi cc dch v thoi v truy nhp Internet. Mt lung video IP tiu chun c mang nh mt lung MPEG-2 SPTS qua RTP dng khong 3,75 Mbps ca bng tn. Mt lung video IP tc cao dng cng chun nn v truyn ti s dng t 16 n 18 Mbps ca bng tn. V cc lung video kt hp vi cc dch v theo yu cu l truyn n hng trong khi cc lung video kt hp vi cc dch v bng rng l truyn a hng nn khi lng bng tn yu cu trong cc mng phn tn v tp trung mang cc lung theo yu cu l ln hn nhiu so vi yu cu so vi cc dch v bng rng. Cng bi v cc dch v video bng rng s dng vic truyn a hng nn khi lng bng tn yu cu trong cc mng phn b v truy nhp t l vi s knh c cung cp. Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3
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2.6.2.2. Bng tn khng i xng Lu lng video l khng i xng, khi cc lung video qung b v video theo yu cu l theo hng duy nht. Lu lng ny c gi i theo hng ln (upstream) theo hng ca dch v khc l lu lng iu khin, lu lng ny c s dng cho cc lung video. i vi cc dch v theo yu cu, lu lng iu khin l cc ti nguyn bo hiu. i vi cc dch v bng rng, lu lng iu khin l tn hiu IGMP v PIM c s dng cho lung a hng i vi cc knh qung b. 2.6.2.3. Cht lng dch v Khi video qung b v theo yu cu c truyn qua mng IP th s c s so snh gia cht lng dch v ny v cht lng dch v video qua mng cp v v tinh. Hai nguyn nhn nh hng n cht lng dch v video l: * Video yu cu nn cao hn nn vic mt gi tin c th xy ra trong qu trnh m ha thng tin. Nu mng b mt mt gi video th cht lng video s gim, ph thuc vo loi thng tin m ha b mt. * B gii m nhn, v d nh STB, khng c cc thut ton che giu vic mt tn hiu. Cc cng ngh lp kt ni c s dng trong mng video s dng cc thut ton kim tra d tha chu trnh (CRC) m bo cc gi tin b li khng c truyn i. iu ny c ngha l mt gi video li s b loi b khi tin hnh thut ton CRC. Video qua mng IP thng c mang bi cc gi tin xp x 1400 bytes, cc bt li xut hin mt cch ngu nhin v yu cu i vi cc tuyn truyn ti l t l li bt (BER) phi nh hn 10-10. Tuy nhin vic loi b cc gi tin theo bt li trn cc ng DSL c nh hng quan trng ti cht lng video. T l tn hiu trn tp m (SNR) thay i ph thuc vo cc h s nh di vng lp, gn ngun tp m,...SNR cn thay i theo thi gian bi s suy gim ti cc im kt ni, do m,...Thng thng rt kh khn trong khi thit lp cc ng dy DSL m bo BER ca dch v video nh hn 10-10. Mt s cng ngh gii quyt vn li bt trn ng dy DSL nh sa li hng pht (FEC) v truyn li thi gian thc (RTR). 2.6.2.4. Thi gian i knh video qung b Mt yu t quan trng ca dch v video qung b l khong thi gian ca h thng khi c yu cu chuyn knh t pha thu bao. Trong khi thi gian chuyn knh i vi cc h thng tng t l ngay lp tc th thi gian ny i vi cc h thng s l t 1 n 1,5 giy. Thi gian ny l do phng php m ha v gii m khc nhau c s dng nn cc lung video s. Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3 45
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gim lng bng tn yu cu i vi truyn dn video s, cc phng php nn nh MPEG nn cc khung video ca mt lung video s thnh ba loi khung Iframes, B-frames, v P-frames. Mt I-frame l mt dng nn ton b thng tin trong mt khung ca mt lung video. Mt b gii nn MPEG c th ti to li khung gc m ch s dng thng tin trong I-frame. Mt P-frame l mt khung video c m ha thm c th c gii m vi thng tin trong cc khung c trc (I-frame hoc P-frame). Mt B-frame l mt khung video c m ha c th c gii m vi thng tin trong cc khung c trc v sau (I-frame hoc P-frame). Mt nhn t quan trng nh hng n thi gian chuyn knh l khong trng ca I-frame. Khong trng ny xc nh mc ca I-frame trong lung MPEG. Khong trng I-frame ngn th thi gian i knh ngn, khong trng I-frame di th thi gian i knh di hn. Khi dch v bng rng s c trin khai trn h tng ca mng truy nhp DSL th cc nhn t sau cng gy ra khong trng I-frame. Cht lng STB trong qu trnh x l yu cu chuyn knh. 2.6.3. Hng pht hnh nh 2.6.3.1. Dch v Video lp 3 Cc dch v video c thc hin lp 3 ca mng truyn ti. Mng truyn ti ny gm ba phn chnh: DSLAM, AR hoc DER.
Hnh 16: Kin trc Lp 3 ca mng truyn ti dch v Video Cc DSLAM: c t ti phn bin ca mng, thc hin chc nng chuyn mch ti lp 2. Ngoi ra cc DSLAM h tr chc nng lp 3 ny c mt s kh nng khc nh chc nng DHCP relay. Chc nng ny i hi a ch IP ca mt server DHCP cng nh subnet IP c gn cho DSLAM cn c cu hnh trn DSLAM . Cc DSLAM ny cn h tr v c cu hnh i vi cc giao thc Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3 46
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nh tuyn IP c kh nng nh tuyn ng t AR. Mt IP DSLAM cn c mt IP subnet cho php cc gi IP c nh tuyn ti. nh tuyn phn tn (DER): Khi DER c cu hnh ti lp 3 cho cc dch v video th ton b cc STB c kt ni qua router ny s c cng IP subnet. Nu cc subnet ny c kt hp li nh mt giao thc lp 2 th mi AR c kt hp bi DER cn h tr bng MAC truyn ti ton b cc STB subnet ny. DER cn duy tr mt bng ARP ring bit truyn bng ti mi STB kt ni ti n. nh tuyn tp trung (AR): Khi AR c cu hnh ti lp 3 cho cc dch v video s c mt s thun li sau: * Source-Specific Multicast: Mng phn phi s c nhng thun li v IP multicast nh Source Specific Multicast (SSM). SSM l cng ngh lm cho mng c kh nng xy dng mt cy phn phi ring bit cho mi ngun multicast. V cc STB hin ti khng h tr bo hiu IGMPv3, nn AR c cu hnh sp xp cc yu cu IGMPv2 nhn c t mng tp trung ti cc bn tin PIM SSM (S,G) ti mng phn phi. * Anycast Support: Mng phn phi c thun li v h tr anycast cho vic cn bng ti hoc b li nhanh ca cc b m ha video. Cng ngh IP multicast h tr cho anycasting ca cc ngun IP multicast. * B li nhanh ca cc b m ha Video: Khi cng ngh anycasting c kt hp vi kh nng ca mng pht hin li ca b m ha th cc giao thc nh tuyn c hi t li. Kt qu hi t li ny ti cc ng ngc li t AR ti DER c tnh ton li a vo account m v tr ca ngun multicast b thay i. * Mng khng i xng: Mng phn phi c th c cu hnh h tr cc bng tn khng i xng cho cc dch v video. Lu lng gia hng ln v hng xung ca cc dch v video v VoD qung b l khng i xng. Mi knh video yu cu bng tn hng xung ln n nhiu megabit trong khi lu lng hng ln c gii hn iu khin tn hiu cho dch v. 2.6.3.2. Kin trc chuyn tip video
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Hnh 17: Kin trc chuyn tip video Cu hnh AR: AR gm mt tp hp cc giao din kt ni ti mng phn phi v mt tp hp cc giao din c kt hp li kt ni ti cc DSLAM. AR c cu hnh chuyn cc gi tin gia cc giao din phn phi v tp trung ti lp 3. Cc VLAN ring bit c cu hnh cho tng loi dch v trn tng giao din. Mi cng upstream kt ni ti mng phn phi gm 3 VLAN lp 2 ring bit cho dch v truy nhp Internet, thoi v video. C hai loi cu hnh cho cc cng tp trung hng xung: SVI (Switched Virtual Interface) n v SVI kp. * Cu hnh SVI n: Cu hnh SVI n n gin hn cu hnh SVI kp v cu hnh v bo tr. Vi cu hnh ny th VLAN ID i vi mi dch v c th c chia s cho ton b cc DSLAM kt ni ti AR. Vi cu hnh SVI n, AR c cu hnh kt cui cc video LAN t cc cng GE ca cc DSLAM qui t li thnh mt SVI n l. * Cu hnh SVI kp: Cu hnh SVI phc tp hn cu hnh SVI n v n i hi mt a ch DHCP ring bit cho tng DSLAM kt ni ti AR. Tuy nhin, cu hnh SVI kp c xem l an ton hn cu hnh SVI n, v khng b qu ti ti cc Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3 48
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cng GE hng xung. Vi cu hnh SVI kp, mt SVI video ring r c kt hp vi video VLAN ca mi cng GE hng xung. Mi SVI c cu hnh vi mt IP subnet ring bit, do mi SVI c kt hp vi mt a ch DHCP ring bit. * Cu hnh DER: Cc cng hng xung ca DER c cu hnh tng t nh cc cng hng ln ca AR. Lung video c kt cui thnh mt SVI. Mt s khc bit gia AR v DER l cc dch v khc nhau c tp hp bi cc DER khc nhau. iu ny cho php cc dch v khc nhau c tp hp ti cc vng khc nhau nu cn thit. 2.6.4. Chuyn tip truy nhp Internet
Hnh 18: Cu hnh chuyn tip truy nhp Internet V cc dch v khc nhau trong mng truyn ti s dng cc VLAN ring bit nn kin trc chuyn tip i vi truy nhp Internet c th khc so vi cc dch v video.Vic truy nhp Internet s dng vic chuyn tip lp 2 trong mng phn b v tp trung. Dch v truy nhp Internet c th c thc hin bi cu trc tp trung PPPoE ti mt BRAS c kt ni ti DER. duy tr vic chuyn tip MAC c AR v DER, mi VLAN ring r c s dng cho mt AR i vi truy nhp Internet. Cu hnh ny to ra cu trc VLAN ging nh cu trc hub-and-spoke vi mt mng logic ring bit gia mt AR v hai DER. Spanning tree c cu hnh ph v kt ni gia cc DER trnh lp chuyn tip. Sau khi spanning tree hi t, cu trc VLAN ging nh kt ni im - im ring bit gia mt AR v cc Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3
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DER. Cu trc logc ny hi t a ch MAC trn c AR v DER, bi v mi VLAN by gi kt ni ch vi hai cng vt l. Thut ton MAC learning l khng cn thit khi mt cu trc logic bao gm ch hai cng vt l, bi v mi khung MAC ti mt cng lun lun c gi trn mt cng khc. 2.6.4.1. Chuyn tip thoi
Hnh 19: Cu hnh chuyn tip thoi V kin trc truyn ti s dng cc VLAN ring r i vi mi dch v nn kin trc chuyn tip i vi cc dch v thoi c th khc so vi dch v video v truy nhp Internet. Kin trc truyn ti cho dch v thoi s dng mt kin trc truyn ti tng t nh video. AR thuc bin lp 3 i vi cc dch v thoi. Cc gi thoi c chuyn tip qua mng phn phi trn mt VLAN ring r c kt cui trn mi AR v cc DER. Ngun lu lng thoi v ng b c gn vi cc DER thng qua cc giao din vt l v logc ring bit. Mt qu trnh nh tuyn ring bit c cu hnh cho thoi v bao gm ton b cc giao din thoi trn AR v DER. 2.6.4.2. Kin trc truyn ti bin Kin trc truyn ti bin xc nh cch m lu lng t cc dch v thoi, truy nhp Internet v video c tp trung thnh cc cu trc logc ring bit trong mng tp trung v truy nhp. Mng bin bao gm cc kt ni tp trung GE gia cc AR, DSLAM, DSL links v HAG. Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3
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Hnh 20: Mng truyn ti bin 2.6.5. Cc chc nng DSLAM DSLAM Ethernet thc hin chc nng chuyn mch lp MAC gia ATM VCs trn cc tuyn DSL v GE hng ln. DSLAM ny duy tr mt nhm cu ni Ethernet ring r cho mi dch v. Tng trng hp ring r ca chc nng chuyn tip v t hc lp MAC c duy tr cho mi nhm cu ni. Cc gi tin n t tuyn GE c sp xp ti mt nhm cu ni theo chun 802.1q VLAN gn th vo gi tin. Cc gi tin n t mi tuyn DSL c sp xp ti mt nhm cu ni bi cc phng tin ca mt hoc hai phng php. Phng php th nht s dng gi tr ATM VPI/VCI kt hp vi mi khung AAL-5. Phng php th hai l DSLAM v HAG h tr s dng 802.1q VLAN gn th qua tuyn DSL. Vi dng ng gi ny, DSLAM c th s dng 802.1q VLAN gn th vo gi tin t tuyn DSL xc nh nhm cu ni m mi gi tin c nh x ti. Hai phng php trn c m t nh Hnh 21. Bi v vic ng gi ATM c s dng ch trn tuyn DSL gia DSLAM v HAG nn khng c chuyn mch lp ATM no c thc hin mng bin. Cng bi v gi tr ATM VPI/VCI i vi mi mch o c ngha ch vi ni dung ca tuyn DSL nn DSLAM c th gn cng mt gi tr ATM VPI/VCI s dng trn mi tuyn DSL i vi mi dch v. iu ny lm n gin ha cu hnh ca DSLAM bi v cc tuyn DSL c cu hnh tng t nhau.
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Hnh 21: DSLAM Bridge-Group m bo cc thu bao kt ni vo cc tuyn DSL khng th ln cc gi tin vi nhau, cc khung Ethernet (bao gm cc khung qung b) n mt nhm cu ni t mt ATM VC lun lun c truyn i trn tuyn GE hng ln, c lp vi trng thi ca bng chuyn tip MAC. Cc khung Ethernet n t GE hng ln c chuyn tip ti mt tuyn DSL bng cc thut ton chuyn tip v t hc lp MAC tiu chun. Khi chuyn tip lp MAC c s dng cho cc ng dng video unicast nh dch v VoD, th u vo bng MAC hng xung cho mt lung video c th b vo trng thi thi gian ch nu khng gi tin no c gi t STB trong sut k hn MAC ca DSLAM. gii quyt vn ny th DSLAM phi c h tr kh nng ngn chn trn trn cc nhm cu ni video. Vic ny gip DSLAM khng b trn lu lng khi khng c u vo bng cu ni. 2.6.6. Cc chc nng cng truy nhp gia nh (HAG) HAG thc hin cc p ng vt l nh cu ni lp 2 gia mt hoc nhiu phng tin vt l ti cc thu bao v tuyn DSL hng ln s dng ng gi cu ni RFC 2684. Kin trc truyn ti khng to ra gi nh v phng tin vt l s dng cho cc dch v triple-play. Kin trc truyn ti cng gi nh rng cc thit b ti nh kt cui cc lung IP cho dch v video v truy nhp Internet l khng c tch hp vo HAG. V vy, kin trc ny gi nh rng phng tin vt l trong nh c kh nng v truyn Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3
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ti cc gi tin IP v s dng phng thc ng gi lp 2 c th c chuyn thnh mt header truyn ti theo hng thng. i vi dch v thoi, HAG gm mt gateway thoi tch hp chuyn VoIP thnh mt hoc nhiu cng FXS kt ni ng in thoi ti nh qua mt hoc nhiu cng RJ-11. 2.6.6.1. S phn chia lu lng da trn cc cng vt l Phng thc cc cng vt l ca vic phn chia lu lng mang li thun li cho thu bao kt ni c dy s dng cc phng tin vt l ring r cho mi dch v triple-play. H thng ng dy vt l ca cc thu bao ngy nay gm cc ng dy in thoi i vi cc dch v in thoi, cp ng trc ca truyn hnh hoc STB i vi cc dch v video, v cp Category 5 i vi cc dch v truy nhp Internet. Mt HAG c th c thun li i vi cc h thng c dy cung cp cc dch v ring r gm mt gateway VoIP tch hp cho dch v thoi, kt cui bng s kt hp truyn thng trn cp ng trc (MoCA) c dy i vi dch v video, v kt cui bng chun 802.11 hoc 802.3 i vi dch v truy nhp Internet. Bi v mi loi dch v c kt cui ti HAG bng cc phng tin vt l khc nhau nn HAG c kh nng xc nh vi VLAN hng ln hoc ATM VC kt hp vi mi gi tin bng vic xc nh cng vt l m gi tin n. Hnh 11 m t s phn chia lu lng trn cc cng vt l ti HAG.
Hnh 22: Phn chia lu lng trn cc cng vt l 2.6.6.2. S phn chia lu lng da trn a ch MAC Mt HAG c th s dng a ch MAC ngun ca gi tin n t mng ca cc h thu bao xc nh dch v m mi gi tin nn c kt hp vi. Trong trng hp ny, HAG duy tr mt nh x ca a chi MAC phc v cho mt hoc nhiu Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3 53
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dch v. nh x ca a ch MAC ti dch v c th c cung cp tnh ti HAG hoc c th hc ng. Cc bng a ch MAC thng c dng cho c lu lng hng ln v hng xung. Bng ny duy tr mt nh x trong s a ch MAC, cng mng ti pha thu bao v dch v VC v VLAN trn tuyn DSL. Cc u vo trong bng c tm kim theo a ch MAC ngun cho ton b cc gi tin nhn c trn mt cng kt ni ti mng, v theo a ch MAC ch cho cc gi tin nhn c trn tuyn DSL. Cc gi tin qung b hoc multicast nhn c t tuyn DSL c qung b ti ton b cc cng kt ni ti mng. Nu bng khng cn ch cho gi tin nhn c trn tuyn DSL th gi tin s b trn ti ton b cc cng kt ni ti mng. Nu bng khng cn ch cho gi tin nhn c trn cng mng th gi tin s trn ti ton b VC v VLAN trn tuyn DSL. Kt lun Cng ngh truyn hnh qua giao thc internet ra i da trn s ra i v pht trin ca hng lot nhng cng ngh trong truyn hnh cng nh truyn thng. Trong vic x l hnh nh th chun nn c vai tr va ngha quan trng nh hng ti cht lng dch v IPTV. Chun nn MPEG-4 AVC nh du bc ngot trong lnh vc nn video x dng k thut tin tin nhm x dng bng thng hiu qu v em li cht lng nh tt hn v n c la chon ng dng trong IPTV. Bn cnh s pht trin ca cng ngh n t em li cho IPTV ngy cng c c hi pht trin. S pht trin mnh m ca mng bng rng lm cho IPTV c c hi c ph bin rng ri hn. Cc thit b u cui h tr tch cc em li thnh cng cho IPTV.
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Chng 3: Cc yu t nh hng n cht lng IPTV v ng dng tri n khai t i VNPT Bc Ninh
CHNG 3: CC YU T NH HNG N CHT LNG IPTV V NG DNG TRIN KHAI TI VNPT BC NINH
3.1. Khi nim QoE v QoS Thut ng QoE (Quality of Experience) v QoS (Quality of Service) thng c th s dng thay th cho nhau nhng thc t l hai khi nim khc nhau. QoE y c hiu l cht lng tng th ca h thng theo quan im ca ngi s dng. QoE l s o cht lng u cui-ti-u cui ti mc cc dch v t phng din i tng s dng v ch th h thng p ng cc yu cu ca ngi s dng tt nh th no. MOS l gi tr o QoE, thng c s dng trong cc php o nh gi nh tnh phn loi cc tc ng ca nhiu loi suy gim cht lng dch v n cm nhn ca i tng s dng. Cc gi tr o cht lng dch v nh lng khc nh cc khong thi gian dch v b gim cht lng (v d cc giy gim cht lng, cc giy b li, cc giy khng kh dng..) cung cp t thng tin hn nhng d tin hnh o kim. QoE cng c nghin cu v quy nh chnh thc trong ATIS IPTV Interoperability Forum (IFF), QoS Metric Task Force (QoSM). QoS l s o cht lng ti mc gi xt t kha cnh mng. QoS cn lin quan n tp hp cc cng ngh (cc c ch QoS) cho php nh qun l mng kim sot cc tc ng ca tc ngh i vi cht lng ng dng cng nh xp xp cc dch v phn bit thnh cc lung lu lng mng xc nh hoc cho i tng s dng c la chn. Cc s o QoS c th bao gm cc s o lp mng nh t l mt gi, tr hay rung pha. Qu trnh truyn ti tn hiu video c cht lng tng ng hoc cao hn so vi tn hiu video c truyn ti bi cc nh cung cp dch v truyn hnh tr tin hin c l iu kin tin quyt i vi vic cung cp cc dch v IPTV. Cc nh qun l mng IPTV cn phi m bo rng mng ca h h tr h thng QoS. QoS i vi mng IPTV nh r cc ngun ti nguyn v cc tham s mng cn thit m bo cht lng cc lung tn hiu a phng tin khng b suy gim khi qua mng t ngun ti IPTVCD. Ni chung, c mi lin h phi tuyn gia QoE khi c o theo MOS v nhiu tham s nh tnh lng ca cht lng dch v (v d tc bit. T l mt gi, tr, kh dng, vv) nh minh ha trong Hnh 23.
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Hnh 23: M tng quan git QoE v QoS
Hnh 24: Cc yu t tc ng ti QoE Thng thng c nhiu s o cht lng mc dch v (QoS) nh hng ti QoE tng th. Hnh 2.2 minh ha cc yu t tc ng ti QoE. Mi quan h gia QoE v cc tham s cht lng dch v c c da trn kinh nghim. Khi xc nh c mi quan h QoE/QoS, chng ta c th s dng tng quan ny theo hai cch: * Vi mt gi tr QoS cho trc, d on QoE ngi s dng c th c c * Vi mc QoE mc tiu, suy ra cht lng lp dch v cn t m bo c c cht lng dch v thch hp, cn t ra cc mc tiu QoE cho tng dch v v bao hm trong nhng giai on ban u thit k mng v cc qu trnh k thut m cc mc tiu QoE ny s c chuyn thnh cc s o nh lng cht lng mc dch v. QoE l yu t quan trng trong s thnh cng trn th trng ca cc dch v triple-play, bao gm c IPTV. Ngi s dng khng quan tm n vic nh khai thc vin thng lm cch no t c cht lng dch v. Vn i vi h l mt dch v c th p ng n mc no mong i ca h v tnh hot ng hiu qu, kh dng v d dng s dng. Trong cc tiu chun v cht lng dch v ca B Thng tin v Tryn thng, cht lng dch v c nh ngha l kt qu tng hp ca cc ch tiu th hin mc hi lng ca ngi s dng dch v i vi dch v . nh ngha ny Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3 56
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tng ng vi khi nim QoE. 3.2. Cc yu t nh gi cht lng dch v Video Trong IPTV, dch v video qung b v VoD ng vai tr ch yu. Do vy, hu ht cc t chc tiu chun ha, cc nh cung cp dch v v cc hng ch to thit b o tp trung nghin cu v cc yu t dng nh gi cht lng dch v video v pht trin cc phng php o video IPTV. Thng thng, nhn nh cc yu t nh gi cht lng ca mt dch v mi, cn quan tm ti ba yu t: * Qu trnh thit lp phin, cn c th gi l khi to dch v (v d nh quay s i vi dch v thoi, thit lp phin VoD, logging on...) * Dch v hot ng nh th no sau khi c khi to * Qu trnh kt thc dch v Trong cc yu t khi s dng dch v hay ng dng, c rt nhiu kha cnh nh hng ti cht lng tng th ca dch v bao gm: * i tng s dng * p ng ca ng dng/dch v (Control Plane & Data Plane) * trung thc ca thng tin/ni dung c chuyn ti (Data Plane) * Tnh bo mt * tin cy/ kh dng Khi kho st mt mi trng dch v y theo bt k kha cnh no nu trn, cn quan tm ti ba lp: * Lp dch v: QoE c o kim ti y * Lp ng dng: ti ay nhiu tham s ng dng c thit lp, v d loi codec, tc bit, c ch sa li lp ng dng.. * Lp truyn ti: ti lp ny, rt nhiu yu t gy suy gim cht lng (suy hao, tr, rung pha) c th xut hin v ti y cc c ch sa li v QoS c s dng. * Ti lp dch v video, cc phng din nh gi QoE bao gm p ng tng tc (tr chuyn knh, p ng iu khin VoD v PVR/nPVR) * Mt phng d liu: + Cht lng nh: nhiu im c kh nng tc ng ti cht lng hnh nh. Cc yu t gim cht lng: m hnh, mo cnh, git hnh, s liu nh khng chnh xc do mt gi... + Cht lng m thanh: tng tc m thanh v hnh nh ti cht lng tng th ca tn hiu a phng tin. ng b cc tn hiu a phng tin (gia hnh v Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3 57
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ting) * Kh nng s dng: tng tc i tng s dng-dch v (thit lp, tm kim ni dung-EGP, PVR, iu khin t xa...) * tin cy/ kh dung: t l nghn phin * Bo mt/Tnh ring t: bo mt tc ng ln cc kha cnh khc (v d tr m ha/gii m) * Ni dung: ni dung ph bin, cht lng cao, theo xu th l yu t chnh quyt nh s thnh cng ca TVoDSL, c bit vi cc dch v VoD. 3.3. Cc yu t nh hng ti cht lng dch v IPTV C th thy trn mng truyn ti dch v IPTV c rt nhiu yu t nh hng n cht lng dch v IPTV. Hnh 2.3 minh ha h thng phn phi dch v video u cui-ti-u cui. Ti lp ng dng video, bao gm qu trnh thu thp v m ha (ngun video, cc tham s b m ha), qu trnh gii m v hin th (b gi m ca set-top box, thit b hin th) v bt k c cu sa li no lp ng dng. Cc phn t lp truyn ti bao gm qu trnh to gi v cc mng vng, truy nhp v gia nh. Trn thc t, c mt s nguyn nhn chnh gy nh hng ti cht lng dch v IPTV, l: ni dung ngun cht lng km, qu trnh m ha s dng ti trung tm s liu IPTV, di nhm nh (GOP), gi tin , th t gi tin, mt gi, tr, rung pha tn hiu video, tranh chp vi cc dch v triple-play khc, cc tham s cu hnh khng chnh xc, v nghn my ch. Hnh 2.4 minh ha cc loi li xut hin trong lp vt l v giao thc cng nh phm vi nh hng ca chng ti cht lng dch v. 3.3.1. Yu t cht lng ngun tn hiu video Ngun video c th l phim, bng t tng t, ni dung s (nh my ch video), hay chng trnh truyn hnh trc tip (tng t hoc s). Cht lng ca cc ngun ban u nh hng rt ln ti hiu qu m ha v cht lng tng th. Nhiu trong ni dung ngun lm lng ph cc bit m ha. iu quan trng l ni dung ngun cht lng km s nh hng tiu cc ti cht lng ca ni dung c truyn ti qua ton mng t ngun ti i tng s dng.
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Hnh 25: H thng phn phi dch v video u cui-ti-u cui
Hnh 26: Cc loi li lp vt l v giao thc 3.3.2. Yu t m ha tn hiu C ch c s dng m ha ngun ni dung video c nh hng ln n cht lng hnh nh khi xem ca tn hiu video cung cp ti ngi s dng. Cc Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3 59
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nh cung cp dch v IPTV thng s dng cc h thng m ha MPEG-2. H.264/AVC, hay VC-1 nn ni dung trc khi truyn qua h tng mng IP. Tt c cc h thng ny c th nn file vi cc t l khc nhau. Cc tn hiu video vi t l nn cao s gim bng thng cn thit truyn ti n qua mng, tuy nhin cht lng hnh nh cm nhn c c th l khng cao. Cc loi mo nh do qu trnh m ha gy ra bao gm: * Nghing hnh (tiling) - nghing hnh tn hiu video IPTV lin quan ti qu trnh lm cho hnh nh video c nhng phn sai lch so vi v tr ban u trong nh video gc. * Mo cc khi - (Distortion of video blocks) - Mt khi l mt phn nh video gm ma trn cc im nh. Trong qu trnh m ha, thut ton p dng cho ma trn ny c th lm sai lch ma trn hin th tn hiu, khi iu ny xy ra, khi cc im nh ny s khng hin th chnh xc ni dung ca ngun. do cn nhiu khi to nn mt hnh nh hon chnh, tc ng v mt hnh nh s c hn ch nu ch cn s lng cc khi cn thit to nn mt hnh l t. * Mo lng t (quantization noise) - trong qu trnh s ha tn hiu video, mt s sai s nhiu c th a vo nh mt phn ca qu trnh. Lng ln nhiu lng t c th thy c di dng tuyt trong chui nh khi xem li bng IPTVCD. * Git hnh (Image jerkiness) - hnh nh video bao gm chui cc nh c hin th lin tip trn mn hnh TV vi tc khng i. i vi ngi s dng, s thay i nhanh trong cc nh hin th khng pht hin c v hnh nh c xem l chuyn ng. Tuy nhin, nu chm ti mt tc no , hnh nh c cm nhn l ng yn hoc nhy so vi chuyn ng tri chy ca ni dung video gc. Thng thng, hin tng git hnh do cc b m ha gy ra khi khng nn y ni dung vo cc khung vi t l cao. iu ny c th l cn thit trong mt s trng hp m kh dng bng thng l mt vn v ni dung cn m ha ti t l khung rt thp. * S lu gi nhng phn hnh nh trn mn hnh (retention of screen objects) Mo ny xut hin khi mt phn no ca mn hnh khng thay i khi chui hnh nh thay i v dch chuyn. Sau khi ch ra mt s loi mo c th xut hin ti qu trnh m ha, iu hin nhin l trong mt s tnh hung, cc nh qun l IPTV cn pjhair dung ha gia cc mc nn v kh dng ca cc ngun. 3.3.3. Yu t di nhm nh (GOP) Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3 60
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Cng vi cc vn lin quan ti qu trnh nn, cu trc cc GOP c s dng trong lung tn hiu IPTV cng lin quan n cht lng video. Ly v d, cc GOP ngn hn s cho cc mc cht lng cao hn nhng s mt cht lng bi khi t l nn gim. trch nhim ca cc phng k thut IPTV l ti u di GOP cung cp cht lng hnh nh cao nht cho i tng s dng IPTV. 3.3.4. Yu t gi tin S sai hng ca cc gi tin l yu t khc gp phn gy mo cc tn hiu IPTV. Thng thng, s sai hng cc gi tin xut hin trong qu trnh truyn dn v bao gm s thay i s liu mo u hay ti tin IPTV cha trong mt gi. Xung nhiu in t l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn ch yu gy ra hng gi. Cc k thut sa li ti cc lp di ca IPTVCM thng c s dng x l cc gi IPTV hng. V xc sut cc gi hng nh vy ti c b gii m IPTVCD thng l hon ton thp. 3.3.5. Yu t th t gi tin Cc gi tin b nh tuyn sai hoc n ch nhng sai th t c nguyn nhn t nhng suy gim cht lng mng. Qu trnh m gi l mt trong nhng k thut thng c s dng x l vn cc gi n sai th t. Qu trnh m bao gm vic phn b mt lng b nh no ca IPTVCD, thng l cc DRAM, lu tm thi cc gi tin IP n. Dung lng lu tr ca b m c th t vi s n hng chc giy. iu ng lu l cc thit b set-top box trong truyn hnh cp, v tinh cng s dng cc b m, tuy nhin, kch thc b m ca cc thit b ny nh hn i cht v qu trnh ti ca cc gi MPEG d on hn so vi cc gi s liu IP. Khi cc gi IP b nh tuyn sai hay my ng b ti b m, chng c chn li vo lung bit theo ng th t. Mt iu cng ng lu l cc b m cng c cu hnh ti cc my ch t ti trung tm s liu IPTV h tr qu trnh pht li cc gi IP. Ton b qu trnh c thc hin mt cch nhanh chng gim kh nng c th xy ra cc vn nghn tn hiu video hay lch gia hnh v ting. Cc giao thc mng nh UDP cng c th lm tng thm vn gi n sai th t v UDP khng h tr c cu pht hin cc gi tin sai th t. Tuy nhin, c th s dng cc giao thc iu khin nh RTP v RTCP pht hin cc s c lin quan n cc gi tin video IP n sai th t. 3.3.6. Yu t mt gi i vi mt s ng dng nh duyt web v th in t th vic mt mt s gi khng gy nh hng v ngi s dng khng pht hin ra. Tuy nhin, mt mt s Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3 61
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gi tin trn mng IPTV c th lm gim mc hi lng ca i tng s dng khi xem do bn cht c nn vi t l cao ca cc gi tim mang tn hiu hnh nh. Cc k thut nn nh VC-1 v H.264/AVC cc k nhy cm vi cc gi tin b mt. V d, mt mt gi tin trong qu trnh truyn hnh nh trn knh IP c th dn n hin tng xut hin nhng chm trn mn hnh hoc dng cc khung hnh, trong mt s trng hp ngi xem c th thy trng hnh trong mt hoc vi giy. T l nh b tc ng bi mt gi ph thuc rt ln vo s cc im nh v loi thng tin cha trong gi tin. Trong nhng trng hp rt nghim trng, kt ni gia my ch video v IPTVCD s b dng. iu ny thc s c th xy ra trn thc t i vi ni dung IPTV c truyn ti bi UDP, v gi tin khng bao gi c gi li v ni dung s b mt. TCP cng khng mang li li ch ng k no c v hoc thi gian cn thit yu cu gi li gi tin s dn n trn b m v cng vi n l lm dng hnh nh. Cc nguyn nhn gy ra mt gi trn mng c th t b m IPTVCD b trn bi lu lng ti n cc vn v tn hiu trn mng. Bng 2.1 tm tt mt s yu t c th gy ra mt gi tin trn mng Bng 5: Cc nguyn nhn chnh gy m gi Nguyn nhn gy mt gi Gii thch Cc gi c th mt do nhiu in t xut hin ti cc im khc nhau trong ng truyn mng IPTV t u cui-ti-u cui. V d cc IPTVCD ni vo mng in gia nh. Cc ngun in ny c th xut hin qu p hoc, gy ra cc vn li bit khi thit b ang hot ng.
Nhiu in
SNR l yu t khc c tc ng n s cc gi tin IPTV b my trong qu trnh truyn dn. Trong cc mng FTTH, t l ny rt T l tn hiu cao. y chnh l l do cc k thut truyn dn quang c u tin trn nhiu s dng. Ngc li, i vi cc mng DSL, SNR hon ton thp, (SNR) do cc nguyn nhn t qu trnh n mn in ha ti c ly cp qu ln. ??? Tc nghn Tc nghn l mt trong nhng yu t d thy nht ca mt gi. trn mng iu ny l bnh thng i vi mi h tng kt ni mng IPTV, v trong nhng chu k no , mt vi phn t trn mng chu tc nghn min l khong thi gian nghn l ngn v khng nghn trn din rng. Mt gi l hon ton thp vi cc mng c thit Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3 62
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Nguyn nhn gy mt gi
Gii thch
k tt. Cc nh cung cp dch v thng s dng mt hoc t hp cc k thut qun l mng gim cc tc ng ca mt gi i vi dch v IPTV. C th l: * S dng c ch pht li * Cc phng php nh du tr * K thut sa li trc (FEC) v xen bit * K thut ACM 3.3.7. Yu t tr Tr l tham s dng nh gi thi gian cc gi IP truyn t my ch IPTV n IPTVCD. Gi trj tr thay i ty thuc vo mng. Cc mc tr thp l iu kin quyt nh i vi qu trnh truyn ti tt ni dung video ti i tng s dng. nu tr qu cao, ngi dng s thy s suy gim cht lng hnh nh nh hnh b hng, cc khung hnh b dng. Nguyn nhn gy ra tr c th t vic khng bng thng truyn ti cc knh cho ti cc dch v IP bng thng cao tng mc s dng ca chng ngoi cc gii hn ring. Phn b cc bng thng b xung cho lu lng video l mt trong nhng gii php hiu qu nht gii quyt cc vn nh tr v mt gi. 3.3.8. Yu t rung pha Cc dch v IPTV c bit nhy cm vi cc tr gy ra do cc my ch qu ti, qu trnh nh tuyn, nghn mng v qu trnh xp hng khi cc gi tn hiu video truyn trn mng. Cht lng tn hiu video ph thuc rt nhiu vo vic truyn ti lung cc gi tin khng vi tc khng i. B gii m trong IPTVCD i hi lung cc gi tin IP n n nh v tin cy. iu ny t c qua qu trnh to xung nhp v ng b phc tp gia b gii m trong IPTVCD v b m ha ti trung tm d liu IPTV. Mi s bin ng v thi gian ti ca cc gi qu sm hay qu mun dn n hin tng gi l rung pha. 3.3.9. Yu t tranh chp vi cc dch v triple-play khc Video l mt phn trong dch v triple-play m cc nh cung cp dch v a ra. Yu cu ng thi thoi, video v cc ng dng tc cao kt ni cc ngun c th gy ra cc vn v cht lng i vi dch v IPTV. gii quyt vn ny, cc nh cung cp dch v IPTV c th u tin truyn ti lu lng video nhm ngn nga tr v mo lun tn hiu IPTV. Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3 63
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3.3.10. Yu t tham s cu hnh C rt nhiu cu hnh cn c thc thi khi thit k mng h tr truyn ti cc dch v IPTV. T l khung chung v khung I l hai c trng cn c bit quan tm do tc ng tim tng ca chng ti QoS. 3.3.11. Yu t my ch Cc my ch c th gy nh hng tiu cc ti QoS nu phn cng ca chng khng c nh c chnh xc p ng yu cu ca cc i tng s dng ti cc gi cao im. Du hiu chnh ca nghn my ch l cc khung hnh b dng khi xem ni dung VoD hay cc cc knh qung b. 3.4. Cc phng php o cht lng dch v Video Cht lng nh video tc ng trc tip ti cht lng dch v IPTV n c th c o theo ba phng php sau: * Phng php o nh tnh: S dng thc nghim quan st v nhng ngi tham gia nh gi cht lng theo cc thang im nh MOS. * Phng php o nh lng: Ti lp dch v, s dng cc thit b o o cc tham s khc nhau cht lng tng th ca tn hiu video (v d PSNR) * Phng php o gin tip: S dng cc php o cc yu t suy gim cht lng mng (mt gi, tr, rung pha, thi gian xy ra s c..) c lng tc ng ti cht lng video khi c mi lin h c xc nh gia QoE v QoS. 3.4.1. Phng php o cht lng video nh tnh Phng php ny s dng mt nhm ngi tham gia xp loi v nh gi cht lng hnh nh. Mi trng v ngi c dng kim tra nh tnh thay i ty theo nh cung cp dch v. V d, mt s nh cung cp dch v c th ch s dng mt s k s c kinh nghim nh gi cht lng nh ti trung tm d liu IPTV, trong khi cc nh cung cp khc c th tin hnh cc bi kim tra vi phng tin v chuyn gia hnh nh c chng nhn. Cc bc tin hnh xc nh s o nh tnh i vi dch v IPTV nh sau: * Xc nh mt lot cc mu video tin hnh kim tra. * La chn mt s tham s cu hnh. * Thit lp mi trng kim tra tun th vi cc tham s cu hnh mong mun. * Tp hp ngi tham gia vo kim tra. * Tin hnh kim tra v phn tch cc kt qu. Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3 64
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Cc mi trng kim tra chnh thc thng tun theo h thng da trn kin nh gi c ITU quy nh l kt qu nh gi trung bnh (MOS). Mt h thng QoE khi nh gi dch v IPTV cng cn tnh n cc yu t c ngi. H thng MOS cho php s mu ngi gn gi tr s gia 1 v 5 v cm nhn cht lng thu c. Phn loi MOS c tnh ton bng cch ly trung bnh cc kt qu. Bng 2.2 l cc thang im MOS dng o cc mc cht lng IPTV. Ni chung, cc php kim tra cht lng hnh nh video nh tnh c thc hin tun theo cc hng dn quy nh trong khuyn ngh ITU-R BT.500-11. Hn na, khuyn ngh ITU-T P.910 cung cp cc ch tiu k thut hng dn phng php thc hin php th i vi video. Khi thc hin mt cch chnh quy, cc php kim tra nh tnh a ra nh gi chnh xc v hp l v phng din sinh hc cht lng hnh nh video. Tuy nhin, tin hnh kim tra mt cch chnh quy s tiu tn thi gian v i hi c phng tin c bit. Bng 6: Cc thang ic thang icc php kim tra cht l IPTV Cm nhn v knh IPTV Xut sc Tt Kh Km Xu 5 4 3 2 1 im MOS
C bn bin th MOS khc nhau: * MOS-V - S o ny nh gi cht lng hnh nh khi xem ca tn hiu video * MOS-A - dng nh gi phn m thanh ca dch v IPTV. * MOS-AV - c s dng nh gi tng th cht lng m thanh/hnh nh dch v IPTV * MOS-C - s o ny dng nh gi cm nhn ca khc hng khi tng tc vi dch v IPTV. Chuyn knh v vic s dng EGP l cc v d v s tng tc dch v, c o bng s o ny. Cc t chc tham gia tiu chun ha IPTV v cc ch tiu k thut nh TR126 ca DSL Forrum khuyn ngh s dng MOS l c ch xc nh QoE i vi cc dch v video. 3.4.2. Phng php o cht lng video nh lng nh gi cht lng video trong mi trng IPTV, iu quan trng l Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3 65
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cn thc hin cc php o cht lng video mt cch hiu qu theo thi gian. Cc k thut o cht lng video nh lng d khng chnh xc nh php o cht lng video nh tnh, nhng to ra c s hi ha khi thc hin cc php o nh gi cht lng video. Cc php o cht lng video nh lng c u im l thc hin nhanh chng h tr cho vic iu chnh ti u cc tham s mng. Trong nhng nm gn y, c nhiu tin b trong cc k thut gim st cht lng video nh tnh. Cc php o nh lng c tng quan tt vi nh gi nh tnh c mong i t c QoE ti u trong cc h thng mng bng rng. Tuy nhin, cn phi nhn thy rng cc php o nh lng khng phi l s thay th trc tip nh gi nh tnh. Cc php o nh lng v cc nh gi nh tnh b cho nhau hn l thay th nhau. C th phn loi cc k thut o cht lng video nh lng thnh bn nhm chnh: * Cc k thut da trn cc hnh cm nhn video ca con ngi * Cc k thut da trn cc tham s tn hiu video * Cc k thut da trn cc tham s suy gim cht lng mng * Cc k thut da trn khong thi gian suy gim cht lng tn hiu video Cc k thut o cht lng video s dng m hnh cm nhn video ca con ngi thng c gng phng to cc c trng ca h thng th gic con ngi t c cc thang im cht lng video m c tng quan tt vi nhng mc nh gi m ngi xem thc t s a ra. Cc phng php m hnh h thng th gic ca con ngi c th s dng mt trong cc gii php: * M hnh tham chiu y (Full-reference - FF): M hnh FF cung cp gii thut cho php so snh trc tip video ngun v video thu c ti ch. * M hnh khng tham chiu (Non-reference/Zero-reference - ZF): Gii thut m hnh ny ch phn tch cht lng video thu c ti ch. * M hnh tham chiu rt gn (Reduced-Reference/Partial-reference RR/PR): Gii thut m hnh ny cho php trch mt vi tham s t u vo em so snh vi cc tham s tng ng ti u ra. 3.4.2.1. H thng o cht lng video da trn m hnh tham chiu y Nhng gii thut trong m hnh tham chiu y thc hin so snh chi tit gia hnh nh u vo v u ra ca h thng. Vic so snh ny l mt qu trnh tnh ton phc tp khng ch bao gm qu trnh x l theo im nh m cn theo thi gian v khng gian gia dng d liu video u vo v u ra. Kt qu ca cc gii thut tham chiu y kh ph hp vi cc kt qu nh gi ch quan (MOS), Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3 66
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tuy nhin cc gii thut ny ch c s dng trong mt s ng dng nht nh, v d nh: cc ng dng trong phng th nghim hay cc th nghim trc khi trin khai. Mt trong nhng gii thut ra i sm nht ca m hnh tham chiu y l PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio), theo ng ngha ca thut ng s dng, gii thut ny nh gi t s gia gi tr ln nht ca tn hiu trn tp m, gi tr ny tnh theo dB. Thng thng gi tr PSNR c coi l tt vo khong 35dB v nh hn 20 dB l khng chp nhn c. Hin nay PSNR c dng rng ri trong k thut nh gi cht lng hnh nh v video. Bn cnh gii thut PSNR hin ti c kh nhiu cc gii thut cho m hnh tham chiu y c pht trin v d nh: MPQM (Moving Pictures Quality Metric -1996) ca EPFL Thy S, VQM (Video Quality Metric -1999) ca Vin nghin cu Vin thng M (NTIA ITS) v CVQE (Continuous Video Quality Evaluation -2004). Cc gii thut ny ph hp cho cc ng dng video c tc bit thp. Trong ba gii thut trn ch c gii thut VQM c tiu chun v c tch hp trong tiu chun ITU-T J.144. Cng vi ITU t chc VQEG (Video quality Experts Group -1997) cng tham gia nghin cu, nh gi cht lng video. VQEG thit lp hai giai on th nghim, giai on I kim tra mi gii thut tham chiu y (bao gm c PSNR), kt qu cho tht cc gii thut l tng ng. Giai on II ca th nghim s tin hnh th nghim vi s lng gii thut t hn, nhm nh gi v a ra khuyn ngh s dng gii thut no s cho kt qu tt hn. Trn thc t, h thng o da trn m hnh tham chiu y to ra bn copy ti IPTVCD v so snh n vi tn hiu chun c ti ngun ni dung video. iu cn ch l kch thc file thay i ty theo my o nhng thng l khng nn v rt ln. H thng o s xc nh mc mo v s suy gim cht lng xut hin trong qu trnh m ha v truyn ti ni dung video gc qua mng. Hnh 2.6 minh ha cu trc topo c bn c s dng so snh tn hiu gc vi bn sao sau khi truyn ti qua mng. H thng o sau s dng thut ton so snh cc c hai tn hiu video theo nhiu tham s mo: * Cc khc nhau v tr khung * M hnh do suy gim cht lng qu trnh m ha * Mc mu v sng * Git hnh Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3 67
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* Hnh b che (image blocking)
Hnh 27: H thng o cht lng video da trn m hnh tham chiu y Gii php da trn m hnh tham chiu y to ra nh gi rt chnh xc cht lng tn hiu video th c IPTVCD v n so snh c hai tn hiu mc rt chi tit ti tng im nh ring bit. 3.4.2.2. H thng o cht lng videoda trn m hnh khng tham chiu Cc gii thut cho m hnh khng tham chiu ni chung ph hp cho vic gim st, phn tch trc tuyn cht lng video ti u cui (in-service). Kiu thut ton ny c th xem xt cc yu t nh hng t hn thut ton trong m hnh tham chiu ton phn, chnh v th m m hnh ny c th trin khai trong nhiu ng cnh hn. Thit k cc gii thut cho m hnh khng tham chiu l mt cng vic kh khn, chnh v th m hin ti ch c mt vi phng php c xut, mt vi cng ty a vo trong sn phm thng mi ca h v c coi l b mt cng ngh. Hin nay gii thut v cc tham s nh gi trong m hnh khng tham chiu vn ang c tiu chun ha. Mt s tham s nh gi trong m hnh khng tham chiu c nh ngha nh sau: * Cht lng truyn dch v Video (VSTQ): Tham s khng ph thc vo h thng m ha/gii m, ch ph thuc vo mng truyn ti video * Cht lng nh dch v Video (VSPQ): Tham s ph thuc h thng m ha/gii m * Cht lng m thanh dch v Video (VSAQ): Tham s nh gi cht lng m thanh * Cht lng a phng tin dch v Video (VSMQ): Tham s tng hp nh gi cht lng m thanh v hnh nh kt hp * Cht lng iu khin dch v Video (VSCQ): Tham s nh gi cht lng iu khin video (v d nh: thi gian p ng) Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3
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Cc h thng o QoE da trn m hnh tham chiu zero khng i hi tn hiu video chun nh gi cht lng ca lung tn hiu video IPTV. Thay v tn hiu video chun, h thng ny s dng chnh tn hiu mu b nn c c t tn hiu IPTV thi gian thc. Cc h thng ZR c bit thch hp o cc lung PITV thi gian thc v chng phn tch s yu t t hn so vi cc h thng FR. H thng o ZR tp trung vo phn tch cc mo u khung video v gim st nhiu tham s chnh bao gm cc li PRC v cc khung I b hng trong lung tn hiu IPTV. 3.4.2.3. H thng o cht lng video da trn m hnh tham chiu rt gn Gii thut trong hnh tham chiu rt gn khng s dng ton b tn hiu video tham chiu, ch mt phn thng tin tham chiu c truyn n b so snh thng qua mt knh d liu ring. Mi trng truyn video c th xy ra mt gi, nhng knh gi thnh phn tham chiu c gi s l khng b mt gi. Bng thng dnh cho knh d liu ny ty thuc vo iu kin rng buc ca tng ng dng. Hin ti c nhng gii thut cho php bng thng dng cho thng tin tham chiu ch yu cu nh hn 10 Kbps.
source vid eo
transmitter
channel
receiver
received video
Feature extraction for video qualit y
channel
RR model
Hnh 28: Gim st cht lng video s dng m hnh rt gn Tng t nh gii php c s dng bi cc h thng FR thit b o da trn m hnh rt gn (RR/PR) c thit k ly mu ti ngun v ti IPTVCD ch, so snh cc tn hiu v a ra s o. Cc h thng PR yu cu phc tp tnh ton thp hn so vi cc h thng FR v s dng mu lung IPTV tham chiu nh hn khi so snh hai tn hiu. Trong ba loi m hnh nu trn, cc h thng da trm FR c coi l chnh xc nht khi o cht lng video IP. 3.4.3. Phng php o gin tip cht lng video Trn thc t, khng th d dng s dng cc m hnh tham chiu y hat rt gi trong tt c cc v tr trn mng v c th khng c c tn hiu tham chiu. hn na, phng php khng tham chiu s rt tn km trin khai rng ri cho Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3
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vic gim st cht lng mng m trn c rt nhiu lung video cn gim st c lp, mi lung i hi b gii m ring. Phng php gin tip, s dng cc tham s suy gim cht lng mng gi nh thi gian gi n, tr, rung pha, t l mt gi, khong thi gian suy gim cht lng v s th t ca gi ngoi suy cht lng video. Trn thc t, gii php ny c th hin bng php o ch s truyn ti tn hiu a phng tin. Ch s truyn ti tn hiu a phng tin (Media Delivery Index) l tiu chun cng nghip quy nh trong RFC 4445. Ch s ny c s dng o cht lng dch v ti cc im khc nhau trn mng nh trung tm s liu, cc phn t chuyn mch v nh tuyn v ngay ti IPTVCD. MDI l c cu nh gi ch th cc mc cht lng tn hiu video v cng nhn dng cc thnh phn mng ang nh hng ti QoE ca i tng s dng. iu ny t c bng cch o cc mc rung pha tc thi v cc gi mt ti cc im khc nhau ca mng IPTV. V d, gi tr MDI ti li vo ca b nh tuyn l thp v gi tr ti li ra l cao th c biu th r rng b nh tuyn c mt s vn gy nh hng nghim trng ti cht lng lung tn hiu. MDI cng c s dng chn on cc vn mng. MDI c biu th vi hai gi tr, h s tr v t l mt gi truyn phn cch bi du :. 3.4.3.1. H s tr Gi tr ny o lng thi gian cn thit i vi b m x l rung pha do mng gy ra. Cc gi tr rung pha c c bng cch o tr gi so vi tc ca lung. Ni cch khc, nu tc li ra ca my ch l 2.4 Mbps v lung li vo IPTVDC l 2.4 Mbps th gi tr rung pha iu kin l tng bng 0. khi rung pha bng 0, b gii m x l cc gi n vi tc khng i. Hnh 13 minh ha cc gi tin IPTV c x l vi tc khng i khi rung pha trong mng bng 0.
Hnh 29: Mng IPTV vi rung pha bng 0 Gi tr rung pha bng 0 l rt him v kh xy ra trn thc t do mi phn t Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3
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mng trn lung truyn s gp phn to ra rung pha. Do , cc b m c s dng x l cc trng hp lu lng qu cao v qu thp so vi mc danh nh.
Hnh 30: Mng IPTV c rung pha Hnh 30 minh ha s xut hin ca rung pha trong mng IPTV. C th thy trong hnh, cc gi ti vi tc khc nhau lm tng kh nng xut hin hin tng mt gi ti IPTVCD. iu cng cn ch l rung pha thc t khng gy hi ti ni dung bn trong cc gi IPTV. Do , nu ti ngun, cht lng video tt th ni dung c gii m ti IPTVCD cng s c cng mc cht lng. Cc thit b o v bi o QoS thng c s dng tnh gi tr DF i vi tng thit b mng ring bit, bao gm nhng bc sau: * Khi gi ti, o khong thi gian gia thi im gi trong b m v tc gi ra khi b m. * Trong mt khong thi gian xc nh tin hnh o cc khong cc tiu v cc i hay hiu gia hai gi tr ny. * Chia kt qu cho tc lung IPTV. Khi tnh c gi tr DF, nh qun l IPTV bit c lng khng gian b nh hay tr yu cu ti mi thnh phn mng x l lng rung pha trn mng. Ly v d, nu mt lung tn hiu IPTV no c gi tr DF c 40 ms th bt k thit b IPTVCD cn gii m lung tn hiu ny s i hi b m c kh nng lu tr ti thiu l 40 ms. iu ng ch l cc gi tr DF cao cng ch ra s nghn mng xut hin trong cc phn ca mng. 3.4.3.2. T l mt gi S o MDI th hai ny xc nh s cc gi IPTV mt trn giy. Cng vi ch th s cc gi mt, MLR cng cho nh qun l bit s cc gi ti b gii m ca IPTVCD khng theo th t. Bt k gi tr MLR ln hn 0 no u c tc ng n Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3 71
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QoE ca i tng s dng.
Hnh 31: Tnh cc gi tr MDI ti cc im khc nhau trong mng IPTV MDI thc t t hp c hai gi tr nu trn v biu th s o QoS di dng DF:MLR. Hnh 31 minh ha cc gi tr MDI c tnh ti cc im khc nhau trn mng vi mt knh qung b. Nh c th thy, MDI i vi knh qung b 1 ti li ra my ch l 5:0. do vy, qu trnh m ca my ch cn ti thiu 5 ms x l tr rung pha. T l mt gi duy tr ti mc chp nhn c l 0. Tip theo, MDI khng thay i ti R1 v R2; tuy nhin, t l mt gi tng ti chuyn mch. iu ny ch ra rng chuyn mch mng c th c vn trong vic xa l vi cc mu lu lng v ti thay i. Gii php i vi vn ny l nng cp chuyn mch hay tng dung lng bng thng ca cc tuyn vo v ra. Vn mt gi c tc ng chui v cng xut hin trn tuyn gia DSLAM v RG. Tuy nhin, gi tr DF hay s bng pht ca lung cng tng ti gi tr 6 trn chng cui cng ti RG. iu ny ch th DSLAM a vo mt lng rung pha nh, cn phi tin hnh kim tra chi tit hn na. Nguyn nhn tng gi tr DF c kh nng nht l cc tr trong qu trnh xp hng ti DSLAM. Bi vy, s dng MDI khng ch cung cp cho nh qun l tham s o QoS m cn gip h cch ly cc vn gy ra phn on mng i vi nhiu lung IPTV. Khi cc vn c xc nh, c th tin hnh hnh ng khc phc v iu chnh nng cao QoS tng th ca mng t u cui-ti-u cui. Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3
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3.4.4. Phng php o thi gian chuyn knh Cc thu bao c th chuyn nhanh v chnh xc cc knh ang xem nh th no l mt phn quan trng trong cht lng dch v IPTV. Tr chuyn knh thng thng c th chp nhn c khong 1 giy t u cui-ti-u cui. thi gian chuyn knh khong 100 n 200 ms c th coi l tc thi i vi ngi xem. Cc ngun gy ra tr chuyn knh c trong cc thit b mng nh BRAS, DSLAM, cc chuyn mch, nh tuyn v nh thu bao l cc set-top box v RG. Thi gian chuyn knh trong cc set-top box gy ra do qu trnh x l lnh, tr b m li vo, tr b m video v tr b gii m MPEG. Tuy nhin cc chc nng chnh ca set-top box c thc hin ch yu bng phn cng nn cht lng thng n nh. Do vy, c th thy tr chuyn knh ch yu chu tc ng ca cht lng mng, nht l khi lu lng tng t bin. Trong mng IPTV, cc giao thc multicast c s dng lm gii php chuyn knh trong h tng mng. Cc tr nhp v tch IGMP v MLD l nguyn nhn chnh gy ra tr chuyn knh. duy tr tr chuyn knh tng th trong phm vi 1 giy, tr nhp/tch multcast ca tng phn t mng cn gii hn trong phm vi 10 n 200 ms. Qu trnh kim tra tr chuyn knh c nhng kh khn sau: * chnh xc: cc lnh nhp/tch IGMP/MLD l cc bn tin trong mt iu khin v thng c x l b cc CPU, trong c DUT v hu ht cc thit b o. Tuy nhin, cc cu hnh cc my o o da trn CPU c chnh xc c 10 ms, do vy php o tr nhp/tch IGMP cn da trn phn cng. * Phng to mi trng thc t: trong mi trng thc t nhiu ngi s dng, nhiu giao thc ti nhiu lp nh PPPoE, DHCP v TCP cng nh lu lng unicast v multicast hot ng ng thi. gii php kim tra phi phng to mt cch rt thc t gii php kim tra ny. * kh m: kim tra tr chuyn knh IPTV, cn c kh nng m phng ng thi hng nghn thu bao v hng trm knh trong mt bi o.
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Hnh 32: Cu hnh o tr chuyn knh Hnh 32 minh ha cu hnh kim tra tr chuyn knh i vi cc h thng v thit b h tng mng. thit b o m phng c pha nh cung cp dch v (vi hng trm knh) v c pha ngi s dng (vi s lng hng ngh). Thit b o gi s lng ln cc lnh nhp.tch IGMP qua cc giao din kim tra kh nng p ng ca cc thit b mng. Da trn cu hnh ny c th kim tra: * Tr nhp/tch IGMP hay MLD i vi thu bao * Cht lng chuyn knh lin tc * Cht lng chuyn knh trong iu kin lu lng cao Theo phng din k thut, c th xut hin kt qu khng mong i nhng hp l v hin ti DUT s dng cc CPU iu khin cc bn tin. Khi ng thi 1000 bn tin nhp/tch ti CPU, CPU qu ti v phi mt nhiu thi gian x l. Tuy nhin, i vi thu bao th khong thi gian di nh vy khng chp nhn c 3.4.5. Phng php nh gi tin cy Cc thu bao mong mun c cc dch v IPTV tin cy m nh nh cung cp dch v phi m bo. Cc s liu thng k cng nghip cho thy thi gian ngng dch v trung bnh ca TV cp l khong 3 n 5% trong 1 nm. i vi truyn hnh v tinh, con s ny khong 1%. kh dng cao, khong 5 pht ngng dch v trong 1 nm, l mt ch tiu nhiu m nhiu nh nh cung cp dch v IPTV phn u. iu ny i hi tt c cc thnh phn mng IPTV phi vt qua gii hn ny. Thng thng, nh cung cp dch v v nh cung cp thit b mng s dng cc k thut sau tng cng tin cy h tng mng IPTV: * D phng phn cng * S dng cc giao thc tin cy cao v cc giao thc m rng nh: OSPF, BGP4 v MPLS Fast Reroute * Phn cng hot-swap Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3 74
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* Cc ngun video tin cy cao nh gi tin cy, i vi nh cung cp dch v v nh khai thc mng IPTV, cn tp trung vo kim tra: * Kim tra cc giao thc nh tuyn c tin cy cao: cc giao thc ny l ct yu v mi c th tng cng tin cy cho IPTV. iu cn thit cho s thnh cng ca dch v IPTV l o kim tra chc nng, cht lng v kh nng phi hp ca cc giao thc i vi cc dch v IPTV. * Kim tra phn cng d phng v chuyn i nng: cc php kim tra ny khng mi i vi cc nh khai thc vin thng. * Kim tra cc my ch VoD: kim tra cc my ch VoD trong thi gian di v tng lng ti nh gi tc ng ln tin cy khi s lng thu bao l ln. 3.4.6. Phng php kim tra bo mt i vi cc nh cung cp dch v truyn hnh cp, vn bo mt d dng t c v h s dng mng ring ca mnh. Tuy nhin, y l vn ln i vi cc ng dng v dch v truyn ti trn cc mng IP cng cng nh IPTV. Bo mt ca dch v IPTV l lnh vc rng, bao hm bo mt ni dung, m ha, cc tn cng DoS, lu lng giXt theo quan im ca ngi s dung, bo mt trong IPTV khng qu phc tp nh theo cch nhn ca nh cung cp dch v.V d, bo v vic copy ni dung lin quan ti nh cung cp dch v nhng khng lin quan ti ngi s dng. Cn ngi s dng ch mong mun h thng xc nhn h chnh xc v cho php h s dng dch v, cung cp ni dung m h mong mun. Mng DSL l truy nhp im-im s dng PPP hoc DHCP thit lp cc kt ni cho ngi dng. PPP s dng tn v mt khu xc thc ngi s dng. Tuy nhin, iu ny khng thun tin i vi ngi s dng. Do vy DHCP c a chung hn. DHCP khng c c ch chng thc nh PPP, tuy nhin, DHCP Option 82 l c trng tng i mi ca DHCP, cho php xc nhn tnh hp l ca cc thue ebao theo v tr, thng thng bng cc s dng s cng c b nh tuyn hay VCI. Kim tra bo mt bao hm rt nhiu tnh hung. v trng hp kim tra. Hai php kim tra bo mt sau y hin ti rt ph hp vi IPTV: * Kim tra qu trnh xc thc thu bao theo DHCP Option 82: Hnh 33 minh ha cu hnh kim tra bo mt da trn DHCP Option 82. trong cu hnh ny, DSLAM ng vai tr DHCP Relay Agent v thm thng tin nhn dng ng dy DSL vo cc yu cu DHCP ti t cc client. Thit b o to ra hng chc nghn Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3 75
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DSL client kim tra qu trnh gn a ch v xc thc qu DHCP vi Option 82. Vi cu hnh kim tra ny, chng ta c th o c dung lng phin DHCP ln nht, tc thit lp phin, tr thit lp, thng lng, tr, v t l my gi lu lng IP trn cc phin DHCP c thit lp
Hnh 33: Kim tra bo mt theo da trn DHCP Option 82 * Kim tra ng dng tng la, ng dng bo v cc ngun video: Hnh 18 minh ha cu hnh kim tra tnh bo mt ca cc ng dng firewall v bo mt ni dng video. Trong cu hnh ny, thit b o m phng c cc thu bao video, my ch VoD v to ra lu lng video hai chiu kim tra firewall. Thit b o ng thi to ra lu lng DoS t pha cc thu bao, t c th nh gi c c tnh ca firewall trong trng hp b tn cng.
Hnh 34: Kim tra ng dng firewall
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3.4.7. Cc im o gim st cht lng Hnh 35 quy nh cc im gim st cht lng trong mng IPTV. Ton th chui phn phi ni dung c chia thnh cc min t A n E.
Hnh 35: Cc im o, gim st cht lng trong mng IPTV Cc im o, gim st c quy nh nh sau: * im 1- PT1: im ny phn nh ranh gii min gia cung cp ni dung v iu khin IPTV. Ti im ny, cn tp trung vo gim st cht lng video ngun, gim st cht lng m thanh ngun v siu d liu. * im 2-PT2: im ny phn nh ranh gii gia nh cung cp dch v v nh khai thc mng. Ti im ny tp trung gim st cht lng lung ni dung, nh gim st cht lng lung video-audio, gim st thuc tnh dch v IPTV v chng thc siu d liu. * im 3-PT3: im ny phn nh ranh gii gia cc mng IP core v cc mng truy nhp. Ti im ny cn tp trung vo gim st cc tham s cht lng lin quan n IP * im 4-PT 4: im ny gn nht vi i tng s dng. Ti im ny, cn tp trung vo gim st cht lng cc lung video-audio v gim cc thuc tnh dch v IPTV. * im 5-PT 5: im cui cng, lin quan trc tip ti QoE ca i tng s dng. Ti im ny, cn phi gim st thuc tnh dch v IPTV v cht lng lung audio-video. Qua vic nh ngha cc im o v min trong mng IPTV, c th thy i vi cc nh cung cp dch v v nh khai thc mng, cn tp trung vo cc im o Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3 77
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t PT-1 n PT-3. i vi ngi s dng v nh qun l vin thng, cn quan tm n im o PT-4 v PT-4 v hai im o ny lin quan trc tip ti cht lng dch v IPTV m nh cung cp dch v v nh khai thc mng cam kt m bo cht lng vi ngi s dng v nh qun l vin thng. 3.5. Cc yu cu k thut m bo cht lng dch v IPTV Cc ch tiu k thut di y c tham kho t D tho tiu chun Vit Nam Dch v IPTV trn mng vin thng cng cng c nh-Cc yu cu. 3.5.1. Ch tiu cht lng tn hiu video nh ngha: Cht lng tn hiu video c l ch s tch hp cht lng truyn video c xc nh bng cch tnh im trung bnh vi thang im MOS t 1 n 5 theo khuyn ngh ITU-R BT.500-11 ca Lin minh Vin thng quc t Ch tiu: im cht lng hnh nh trung bnh MOS 3,0 Phng php xc nh: Phng php m phng. S dng phng php o theo khuyn ngh ITU-T J.247 v quy i ra thng im MOS. 3.5.1.1. Cc tham s lp truyn dn nh ngha: cc tham s truyn dn ti lp chuyn ti c gi tr c khuyn ngh m bo cht lng dch v video trong IPTV. Ch tiu: m bo cht lng dch v video, cc tham s lp truyn dn phi tun theo cc gi tr quy nh trong cc bng t 3-1 n 3-4. Phng php xc nh: Phng php gim st. S dng cc thit b o gim st ti thit b nh thu bao (set-top box). iu kin gi thit set-top box c hoc khng c kh nng b li. Cc ch tiu ny ch p dng i vi cc lung IP truyn ti ni dung video. Bng 7: Cc ch tiu truyn dn i vi dch v SDTV, VoD m MPEG-2 Tc lung (Mbps) 3,0 3,75 5,0 < 200 < 200 < 200 Tr, (ms) Rung pha (ms) < 50 < 50 < 50 Thi gian li cc i, (ms) 16 16 16 Chu k tn tht gi IP <6 <7 <9 Khong tn tht gi, s kin li/1 gi 1 1 1 T l li gi lung IP video 5,85 E-06 5,46 E-06 5,26 E-06
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Bng 8: Ch tiu truyn dn i vi dch v SDTV, VoD m MPEG-4 AVC/VC-1 Tc lung (Mbps) 1,75 2,0 2,5 3,0 < 200 < 200 < 200 < 200 Tr, (ms) Rung Thi gian Chu k Khong pha, li cc i, tn tht tn tht (ms) (ms) gi IP, gi gi, s kin IP li/1 gi < 50 < 50 < 50 < 50 16 16 16 16 <4 <5 <5 <6 1 1 1 1 T l li gi lung IP video 6,68 E-06 7,31 E-06 5,85 E-06 5,85 E-06
Bng 9: Cc ch tiu truyn dn i vi dch v HDTV m MPEG-2 Tc lung (Mbps) 15,0 17,0 18,1 < 200 < 200 < 200 Tr, (ms) Rung pha (ms) < 50 < 50 < 50 Thi gian li cc i (ms) 16 16 16 Chu k Khong tn tn tht tht gi, s gi IP, gi kin li/4 IP gi <24 <27 <29 1 1 1 T l li gi lung IP video 1,17 E-06 1,16 E-06 1,17 E-06
Bng 10: Cc ch tiu truyn dn i vi dch v HDTV m MPEG-4 AVC/VC-1 Tc lung (Mbps) 8 10,0 12 < 200 < 200 < 200 Tr, (ms) Rung pha, (ms) < 50 < 50 < 50 Thi gian li cc i (ms) 16 16 16 Chu k Khong tn tn tht tht gi, s gi IP, gi kin li/4 IP gi 14 17 20 1 1 1 T l li gi lung IP video 1,28 E-06 2,24 E-06 5,22 E-06
3.5.2. Ch tiu thi gian tng tc Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3 79
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Bng 11: Ch tiu thi gian tng tc V d Cc thao tc Cun EGP. Bm nt iu khin t trn giao din xa VoD cho ti khi ch th trn ngi s dng mn hnh lnh c nhn (v d k hiu tm dng c hin th Chuyn knh Thi gia t khi bm nt iu khin t xa cho ti khi knh c hin th n nh trn mn hnh Loi Tng tc Tr ln nht, ms 200
p ng
2000
Thi gian khi Thi gian t khi bt ngun STB ng h thng ti khi knh c hin th 3.5.3. Ch tiu ng b gia tn hiu hnh v ting Bng 12: Ch tiu ng b gia tn hiu hnh v ting ng b gia tn hiu hnh v ting Ting xut hin trc hnh 15,0 ms
30.000
Ting xut hin sau hnh 45,0 ms
3.6. ng dng trin khai IPTV ti Vin Thng Bc Ninh 3.6.1. V tr a l Bc Ninh l tnh thuc khu vc pha bc ca vng ng bng sng Hng v tip gip vi vng trung du Bc b ti tnh Bc Giang. Bc Ninh l ca ng pha ng bc ca th , cch trung tm H Ni 31 km v pha ng Bc. Pha Ty v Ty Nam gip th H Ni, pha Bc gip tnh Bc Giang, pha ng v ng Nam gip tnh Hi Dng, pha Nam gip tnh Hng Yn. Bc Ninh c 01 thnh ph, 01 th x v 06 huyn: * Thnh ph Bc Ninh: 13 phng v 6 x * Th x T Sn: 7 phng v 5 x * Huyn Gia Bnh: 1 th trn v 13 x * Huyn Lng Ti: 1 th trn v 13 x * Huyn Qu V: 1 th trn v 20 x * Huyn Thun Thnh: 1 th trn v 17 x * Huyn Tin Du: 1 th trn v 13 x Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3 80
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* Huyn Yn Phong: 1 th trn v 13 x a hnh ca tnh ny tng i phng, c hng dc ch yu t Bc xung Nam v t Ty sang ng, c th hin qua cc dng chy b mt v sng ung v sng Thi Bnh. Vng ng bng thng c cao ph bin t 3-7 m, a hnh trung du (hai huyn Qu V v Tin Du) c mt s di ni cao ph bin 300-400 m. Din tch i ni chim t l nh (0,53%) so vi tng din tch, ch yu hai huyn Qu V v Tin Du. Bc Ninh hin nay l mt trong nhng tnh tng trng nhanh nht min bc nht l tc tng trng cng nghip. Nm 2010, BN tng trng 17.86% cao nht t trc n nay v tnh chung trong giai on 2006-2010 Bc Ninh tng trng 15.3%. n nm 2010,gi tr sn xut cng nghip trn a bn t trn 32 ngn t, tng 57,3% so vi nm 2009 v tr thnh tnh c qui m cng nghip ng th 9 c nc. Bc Ninh nm 2010 thu ngn sch t mc 5000 t, GDP bnh qun t 1800USD/1 nm, ngang vi HP v ch km HN. Nm 2010, BN cng t kim ngch xut khu l 3 t USD, v l mt tnh xut siu. * Nm 2010, Bc Ninh l tnh c ch s nng lc cnh tranh cp tnh ng th 6 Vit Nam * L mt tnh thuc vng kinh t trng im Bc B. * C nhiu lng ngh th cng truyn thng pht trin v c v l "vng t trm ngh". * C cu GDP CN&XD-DV-NN l 64.8%-24.2%-11%. Hin ti Bc Ninh v ang xy dng 15KCN tp trung qui m ln v hng chc khu-cm CN va v nh. S vn FDI ca BN ng th 7 c nc v th 2 vng KT trng im pha bc. BN c ting vi vic thu ht cc nh u t ln nh Canon,SamSung,Nokia,ABB Phc v c lc cho s pht trin c s ng gp to ln ca nghnh Vin Thng tnh. Tnh n ht qu 1 nm 2011, ton tnh ny c tng s thu bao in thoi hin c trn mng t 1.247.822 thu bao, trong thu bao c nh (c nh c dy v khng dy) t: 258.579 thu bao; thu bao di ng t: 990.242 thu bao; mt in thoi t 115 my/100 dn. Internet bng rng tip tc pht trin mnh vi tng s thu bao Internet trn a bn tnh t 50.298 thu bao (t mt 4,7 thu bao/100 dn). Tng doanh thu ca cc doanh nghip vin thng Bc Ninh c t 654 t ng. Trn y l nhng c im kinh t - x hi ca tnh Bc Ninh mang tnh tin v nh hng rt thun li cho vic pht trin mng Vin thng tnh Bc Ninh , Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3 81
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n i hi s pht trin mnh m v cng ngh v c v cht lng dch v.
Hnh 36: Bn hnh chnh tnh Bc Ninh 3.6.2. Tnh hnh trin khai IPTV ti VNPT Bc Ninh Mng li vin thng Bc Ninh n nay ph khp t thnh ph n vng su vng xa phc v tt nhu cu ca chnh quyn v nhn dn a phng, n nay 100% cc x c my in thoi, dch v ADSL, IPTV(MyTV) c ti trung tm tt c cc huyn, th v ang vn dn v cc x. Chnh thc cung cp dich v MyTV t cui thng 11 nm 2009 ch sau hai thng trin khai s thu bao ng k tng nhanh ln 500 thu bao.
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Hnh 37: S trin khai ti MAN-E ti VNPT Bc Ninh Hin ti mng MAN-E Bc Ninh bao gm 2PE-AGG v 11 UPE tt c u c u ring vi bng thng l 1Gbps.Tng s Ring ca mng l 5 trong 1 Ring core kt ni 2 PE-AGG v 4 Ring Acceess kt ni vi cc UPE khc nhau, cc UPE v PE-AGG c trang b cc card quang 1Gbps, mi mt card quang p ng 12 kt ni t cc thit b truy nhp nh DSLAM, Switch L2, Node B, s lng cc card quang ti cc UPE c trang b 1 card 12 port. Trung k kt ni ln BRAS cung cp dch v Internet hin ti l 1Gbps v ln PE cung cp dch v MyTV v MegaWan l 1Gbps. Cc DSLAM cung cp dch v Internet v MyTV mt phn s u ni trc tip vo h thng UPE t ti cc trung tm, mt phn s c u ni v Switch L2 thu gom sau s c y ln mng MAN-E. 02 Core CES v 11 trm Access CES nh sau :
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Bng 13: M t kt ni mng MAN-E Bc Ninh Thu bao GE Port 10 GE Port 6 6 10 1 25 2 6 6 12 20 50 3 25 8 17 10 4 5 4 5 4 7 125 88 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 34 Kt ni n BRAS (GE/10 GE) 7/1 7/1 Kt ni n PE (GE/10 GE) 1/0 1/0
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
a im Sui Hoa Th trn H Th trn H Ch Sn Tin Du T Sn Yn Phong Sui Hoa Qu V Gia Bnh ng Du Ng Lng Ti Tng
Ring Core Core
Qua qu trnh thc t trin khai dch v MyTV c ngi s dng n nhn, khen c v ch cng c trn c s rt ra mt s u im v mt s kh khn nh sau : u im: * C kh nng tch hp truyn hnh vi cc dch v IP khc nh truy nhp Internet tc cao v VOIP . Mng IP cng cho php truyn nhiu thng tin hn v vi nhiu chc nng hn. Trong mng v tinh hay truyn hnh truyn thng, s dng cng ngh broadcast th tt c ni dung c truyn lin tc n mi thu bao, thu bao chuyn knh ti set top box. Thu bao c th la chn t nhiu la chn nh cng ty v tinh, cp, truyn thng a lung thng tin v nh. Mng IP lm vic khc, ni dung c gi trn mng v ch nhng ni dung ngi s dng la chn l c gi n nh thu bao. iu ny s tit kim bng thng v s la chn Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3 84
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ca ngi s dng t b gii hn bi ng ng dn n nh thu bao, iu ny c ngha l tnh ring t ca ngi s dng c m bo hn so vi h thng v tinh v truyn hnh truyn thng. * H thng IPTV cho php ngi xem c c hi xem cc chng trnh TV c tnh tng tc hn v c nhn hn. V d nh cung cp dch v c th cung cp chc nng tng tc cho ngi xem la chn ni dung xem theo tn phim hay tn ca din vin hay chc nng pcture in picture cho php ngi xem c th chuyn knh m khng phi ri b chng trnh h ang xem. Ngi s dng cn c th truy nhp v album nh v kho nhc trn PC ca h t mn hnh TV, s dng in thoi t lch ghi li cc chng trnh TV yu thch , ngoi ra h cn c th s dng chc nng gim st iu khin cm con ci xem mt s chng trnh khng ph hp. * VoD cho php ngi s dng duyt mt chng trnh trc tuyn hoc mt danh sch cc b phim xem qua v sau la ch chng. Kh khn: * Qua qu trnh trin khai dch v gp phi kh khn ln nht l cht lng tn hiu, kh nng mt d liu rt cao v s chm tr truyn tn hiu. Nu nh ng kt ni mng ca ngi s dng khng tht s tt cng nh khng bng thng cn thit th khi xem chng trnh s rt b git hay vic chuyn knh c th tn kh nhiu thi gian ti v. H thng cp quang lin tnh(VTN) chy ngm di t do thng xuyn b t cp quang dn n mt tn hiu cho cc thu bao MyTV do kh nng ring gia cc doanh nghip cha tt .Thm vo na khi my ch ca nh cung cp khng mnh th khi s lng ngi xem truy cp vo ng th cht lng dch v cng b gim st. * Kh khn v ti chnh cng nh trong vic x l cng ngh pha ngi dng thay v mua mt chic anten vi gi trn di 50,000 ng v lp vo Tivi, IPTV cn trang b nhiu thit b hn, cha k chi ph dch v v s dng cng phc tp hn so vi thao tc tt bt n thun. Bn cnh l yu cu ng truyn ADSL phi t trn 300b/s trong khi cc h gia nh thng chn gi dch v gi r vi tc ch bng 1/3. 3.6.3. Khai thc, qun l thu bao MyTV H thng MyTV Portal h tr qun l thng tin ngi s dng tp trung phc v cng tc pht trin thu bao v chm sc ngi s dng s dng dch v MyTV. Cc qun tr vin, giao dch vin l cc i tng s dng h tr ny . a ch truy cp portal nh sau: http://portal.mytv.vn Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3 85
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3.6.3.1. Khai bo mi ti khon cho khch hng thc hin vic khai bo mi cho ngi s dng s dng dch v MyTV th qun tr vin, giao dch vin thc hin nh sau : Bc 1: To mi ngi s dng * Thm mi ngi s dng trc tip t Portal: Chn vng ngi s dng , thm ngi s dng, giao din thm mi mt ngi s dng ng k dch v hin th nh sau:
Hnh 38: Giao din thm mt khch hng mi * Nhp cc thng tin c nhn ca ngi s dng (H tn, ngy sinh, gii tnh, a ch, CMT, s in thoi,.). * Nhp cc thng tin ti khon IPTV :Tn ti khon IPTV (tn ng nhp trn EPG), mt khu, ngy k hp ng, m hp ng, gi cc s dng. * Chn tnh trng thu bao. * Ty chn thng tin khuyn mi. * Chn vo nt hon tt thao tc hoc kch vo nt nu cn nhp li thng tin. * Ghi ch: cc trng c du (*) l cc trng yu cu phi nhp thng tin. * Thm ngi s dng t file: Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3 86
n tt nghip i Hc
+ Chc nng: thm ngi s dng t danh sch c (danh sch c lu tr di dng file .csv) + Thao tc: chn vng Ngi s dng >> Thm mi ngi s dng t file. + Giao din:
Hnh 39: Thm ngi s dng t mt danh sch di dng file + Kch chn vo nt + Chn tn file c. chn ng dn n tp tin .csv.
+ Kch chn vo nt hon tt vic thm. * Lu : Cch to file CSV. + Nhp danh sch ngi s dng di dng file excel theo mu quy nh (kch vo mc xem nh dng file nhp thng tin cho ngi s dng mi). + nh du vng d liu + Kch chn vo u tin (1,A) gi phm Shift di chut v kch vo th (n,Y) (n l s ngi s dng). + Trn thanh Tool Bar chn Format-CellsTab Border trong vng Presets ln lt kch chn vo OutLine v Inside OK + T file excel chn File Save As. + t tn cho file trong vng File Name, chn kiu file: CSV (Comma delimited)(*.csv) trong vng Save as Type + Kch nt Save kt thc vic tao file CSV. * Thng tin c nhn ngi s dng, thng tin ti khon IPTV, thng tin gi cc, tnh trng lp t s dng dch v IPTV ca ngi s dng ( trng thi ch kim tra hoc xc nhn lp t ) c lu vo c s d liu Bc 2: * K thut vin, cng nhn k thut n a ch ngi s dng kim tra v cp nht tnh trng lp t dch v * Thao tc: di chuyn chut n vng Qun l ngi s dng >> Ngi s Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3 87
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dng >> Kim tra lp t khi h thng s t ng ti tt c cc khch ang ch lp t dch v. * Giao din hin th nh sau:
Hnh 40: Danh sch khch hng ang ch kim tra lp t dch v IPTV * Nu nh s lng tnh trng ch kim tra lp t dch v nhiu th ngi s dng c th thc hin thao tc tm kim theo tiu chun bt k nh tn thu bao, tn y , s di ng, a ch, ngy ng k,... * Sau khi qu trnh kim tra lp t xong nu xt kh nng c th lp t hay khng th lp t c dch v IPTV cho ngi s dng th giao dch vin c th kch vo biu tng , cp nht v gi thng bo cho ngi s dng c th lp t c hay khng v hn ngy lp t l ngy no. Giao din kim tra tnh trng lp t v giao din gi email nh sau:
Hnh 41: Giao din kim tra v cp nht tnh trng lp t * Trng thi lp t l ch kim tra. Nu kim tra tnh trng lp t c th thit lp li trng thi sau kim tra l : xc nhn lp t . Nu trong khi khai bo kim tra a ch ca ngi s dng m lp t c ri th chn tnh trng lp t Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3
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s dng dch v IPTV ca ngi s dng l xc nhn lp t v b qua khu kim tra Bc 3: * Thc hin vic ng b d liu, mc ch l xc thc ln h thng thc, sau bc ny ti khon ngi s dng c th ng nhp v s dng dch v. Cc trng thi ngi s dng phi t trc l : xc nhn lp t
Hnh 42: Gi mail thng bo cho khch hng v kh nng lp t * Chc nng: ty thuc vo thi im thc hin chc nng ny th n c mt nhim v ring i km. + Thc hin sau khi thm mi: thao tc ny c nhim v l kch hot cho ngi s dng mi ny s dng dch v, nu khng thc hin thao tc ny th ngi s dng khng th ng nhp c vo h thng thng qua tn thu bao IPTV c th s dng c dch v. + Thc hin sau khi thay i trng thi s dng, thay i gi cc, thay i b gii m: th thao tc ny c nhim v l thc hin vic thay i , nu khng thc hin thao tc ny th vic thay i trng thi, gi cc, b gii m khng c hon thnh. + Thao tc: di chut n vng Ngi s dng >> ng b d liu + Giao din hin th.
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Hnh 43: Giao din thc hin ng b d liu * Cc bc thc hin: + Chn cc ngi s dng trong Checkbox hoc kch vo nt Chn tt c thc hin ng b. + Kch chn vo nt ng b d liu hon tt vic ng b d liu. Bc 4: * Bn giao ti khon cho ngi s dng , User/password v hng dn s dng cho ngi s dng ngi s dng c th s dng c cc dch v m IPTV cung cp. 3.6.3.2. Qun l thu bao MyTV Ch nhng ngi s dng trng thi ang s dng bnh thng hoc tm ngng dch v th mi c th thay i gi cc c. Thao tc: di chut n vng Chuyn i - Hy b >> Thay i gi cc. Giao din: giao din thc hin nh sau.
Hnh 44: Giao din thay i gi cc s dng Nhp tn thu bao (tn ti khon IPTV). Kch chn vo nt kim tra xc nhn thng tin ti khon c tn ti hay khng (nu tn ti th h thng s hin th gi cc ang s dng ca ngi s dng). Ty chn gi cc mi L do chuyn i gi cc. Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3
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Kch chn vo nt hon tt thao tc thc hin Thc hin ng b d liu hon thnh thao tc thay i gi cc (nu khng thc hin thao tc ny th vic thay i gi cc ca ngi s dng cha c hon tt). Thay i trng thi s dng: * Nhng ngi s dng b hu s dng dch v th khng th thc hin c chc nng ny. * Thao tc: di chut n vng Chuyn i - Hy b >> Thay i trng thi s dng dch v. Giao din thc hin nh sau:
Hnh 45: Giao din thay i trng thi s dng dch v * Nhp tn thu bao (tn ti khon IPTV). * Kch chn vo nt kim tra xc nhn thng tin ti khon c tn ti hay khng (nu tn ti th h thng s hin th trng thi ang s dng dch v ca ngi s dng l g). * Chn trng thi s dng mun chuyn i. * L do chuyn i gi cc. * Kch chn vo nt hon tt thao tc thc hin * Thc hin ng b d liu hon thnh thao tc thay i trng thi s dng dch v ca ngi s dng Thay i b gii m: Nhng ngi s dng b hu s dng dch v th khng th thc hin c chc nng ny * Thao tc: di chut n vng Chuyn i - Hy b >> Thay i b gii m. * Giao din thc hin nh sau.
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Hnh 46: Giao din thay i b gii m + Nhp tn thu bao (tn ti khon IPTV). + Kch chn vo nt kim tra xc nhn thng tin ti khon c tn ti hay khng (nu tn ti th h thng s hin th s serial number c ca ngi s dng). + Chn ngy thay i b gii m. + Nhp l do chuyn i b gii m. + Kch chn vo nt hon tt thao tc thc hin. + Nhn vin k thut i lp b gii m STB mi (giao dch vin, qun tr vin hay nhn vin k thut khng phi nhp s serial number mi m h thng s t ng cp nht s serial ca b gii m mi vo h thng) + B gii m c VNPT tnh/Thnh ph cung cp th cc b gii m ch c th c s dng trong tnh, thnh , nu ngi s dng s dng b gii m STB m khng thuc phm vi ca VNPT tnh/thnh th thu bao khi ng nhp s b kho li . Kt lun: Ni dung ca chng phn tch cc yu t tc ng v cc phng php o nh gi cht lng dch v IPTV. Cht lng dch v IPTV chu tc ng bi nhiu yu t. Tuy nhin, c th phn cc yu t ny thnh bn nhm sau: * Cht lng ni dung video: m thanh v hnh nh * Thi gian chuyn knh * kh dng ca dch v * Kh nng bo mt Cht lng ni dung video c nh hng quyt nh i vi cht lng dch v IPTV tng th. Vn ny c nh cung cp dch v, nh khai thc vin thng ngi s dng v nh qun l vin thng quan tm hng u. Tip theo, thi gian chuyn knh l yu t nh hng trc tip n cm nhn ca ngi s dng v cht Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3
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lng dch v, nh khai thc vin thng quan tm ti yu t ny ti u mng ca mnh v m bo cam kt vi ngi s dng v nh qun l. i vi nh cung cp dch v v nh khai thc mng, kh dng v kh nng bo mt c ngha nhiu hn so vi ngi s dng. Hin nay, cc t chc tiu chun ha v cc hng ch to thit b o ang n lc nghin cu v xut tiu chun v gii php o kim cht lng dch v IPTV. Hai vn ny hin ang c ITU-T nghin cu thng nht v hon thin trong cc khuyn ngh ca mnh.
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KT LUN
IPTV l cng ngh truyn ti hnh nh k thut s ti ngi s dng da trn c s giao thc Internet. Vi s vt tri v tnh tng tc gia ngi xem v dch v gia tng, IPTV hon ton c th lm thay i thi quen xem truyn hnh truyn thng bi n khng ch cho php ngi s dng xem cc chng trnh, m cn cho php khn gi ch ng chn nhng ni dung mun xem. Vi IPTV, ngi s dng c th tip cn nhng dch v tin tin nht trn nn bng thng rng nh xem TV trc tip qua Internet (Live TV), mua hng qua TV, karaoke, game (tr chi trc tuyn), tp ch thng tin, in thoi hnh, o to qua TV, TV Mail, TV Photo, bnh chn qua TV, d on qua TV, tin nhn nhanh (IM), qung co... Hin IPTV c trin khai rng ri trn c nc v c nh gi l ngun thu ln ca cc nh cung cp dch v trong tng lai gn. Vi xu hng hi t cc dch v trong nn cng nghip vin thng vi IPTV l nh cao, ta c th tin tng vo mt tng lai ti sng ca dch v IPTV. Sau mt thi gian nghin cu v tm hiu cng vi s hng dn ca thy gio TS. Trn Thin Chnh, em hon thnh n Nghin cu cng ngh truyn hnh giao thc Internet (IPTV). Hng tip theo ca n l tip tc tm hiu su hn gii php trin khai cng vi cc gii php kinh doanh, m hnh khai thc dch v IPTV, cc gii php cung cp ni dung c bit i su vo cc cng ngh nn nh. Mc d em c gng nhng do thi gian v trnh c hn nn n khng trnh khi nhng thiu st, em rt mong nhn c kin ng gp ca cc thy c gio v cc bn c th tip tc hon thin v nghin cu ti su hn.
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DANH MC TI LIU THAM KHO

Ting vit: [1]. Nhim v xy dng bi o v o kim th nghim h thng truyn hnh trn mng xDSL, ti liu bo co tp on ca nhm nghin cu Vin Khoa hc K thut Bu in, 2009. [2]. Nghin cu xy dng b tiu chun k thut v phng php o nh gi cht lng dch v IPTV trn mng vin thng cng cng, tp th tc gi Vin Khoa hc K thut Bu in, 2008. [3]. Nghin cu cng ngh IPTV v kh nng trin khai trn mng vin thng Vit Nam, tp th tc gi Vin Khoa Hc K thut Bu in, 2007 Ting Anh: [1] IPTV and internet video, Wes Simpson & Howard Greenfield, 2007. [2] IPTV security, David Ramirez, 2008. [3] Understanding IPTV, Gilbert Held, 2007 [4] Why IPTV? Interactivity, technology, service, Johan Hjelm, 2008. [5] Next Generation IPTV Services And Technology, Gerard ODriscoll, 2008 [6] ITU-T Recommendation G.1080 (ex G.IPTV-QoE) Quality of experiences requirements for IPTV services. Dec, 2008 [7] ITU-T J247 [8] ITU-T G1081/2008 Danh mc cc website tham kho: 1. www.vnpt.com.vn. 2. www.vtc.com.vn 3. www.vntelecom.org 4. www.mytv.com.vn 5. www.itv.vn
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Nguyen Van Dien - Do An IPTV 10082011

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n tt nghip i Hc

Nguyn Vn Din Lp: H09VT3

1.4.6.7. Tin nhn trn ti vi..........................................................................................20

2.6.4.1. Chuyn tip thoi...........................................................................................50 2.6.4.2. Kin trc truyn ti bin................................................................................50

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3.4.3.1. H s tr.........................................................................................................70 3.4.3.2. T l mt gi...................................................................................................71

3.5.1.1. Cc tham s lp truyn dn...........................................................................78

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Karaoke on Demand Media over Coax Alliance

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VoIP VSAQ VSCQ VSMQ VSPQ VSTQ WDM

Wavelength Division Multiplexing

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DANH MC BNG BIU

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Bng 2: Mc cc dch v theo yu cu (PayTV) ca MyTV

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Chng 2: Cng ngh truyn hnh trn IP

CHNG 2: CNG NGH TRUYN HNH TRN IP

Chng 2: Cng ngh truyn hnh trn IP

Ngun tn hiu (s, analog)

Mng truy nhp

H thng phn phi ni dung

Chng 2: Cng ngh truyn hnh trn IP

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Chng 2: Cng ngh truyn hnh trn IP

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Chng 2: Cng ngh truyn hnh trn IP

Hnh 11: So snh hot ng ca cc chun nn

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tin c truyn n cc my tnh trong cng thi im.

Chng 2: Cng ngh truyn hnh trn IP

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