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CHeeNG I eAaC eIE#M Tee NHIEAN, KINH TEA XAe HO#I I. nhng ac iem t nhien: 1.

Phaum vi lanh thoo, uua hnh, uua chaot: a. Phaum vi lanh thoo: Bnh Dung la mot tnh nam trong vung t giac kinh te trong iem pha Nam, thuoc mien ong Nam bo, vi tong dien tch t nhien la 2.681,01km2, chiem 11% dien tch khu vc va 0,83% dien tch ca nc; dan so toan tnh la 742.790 ngi, mat o 277 ngi/km2. Bnh Dng nam canh thanh pho Ho Ch Minh la trung tam kinh te khoa hoc ky thuat ln, gi vai tro i au trong vungva trong ca nc; ben canh o Bnh Dng con tiep giap vi ong Nai la mot tnh phat trien cong nghiep manh, chnh nh v tr thuan li tren ma Bnh Dng c tha hng nhng kinh nghiem va nhng li the khu vc e phat trien cong nghiep, cung nh dch vu, du lch va nong nghiep. ( Nguon Cuc thong ke - Tnh Bnh Dng ). * Toa o a ly :

- Vu uoo Baoc : 11052 - 12018 .


* Ranh gii hanh chnh :

- Kinh uoo eoong : 106045 - 10706730

- Pha Nam giap Thanh phoo Hoa Ch Minh - Pha eoong giap tonh eoang Nai - Pha Taoy giap tonh Taoy Ninh va Thanh phoo Hoa Ch Minh - Pha Baoc giap tonh Bnh Phuc * n v hanh chnh : Bnh Dng co 1 th xa, 6 huyen vi 5 phng, 8 th tran va 66 xa. Tnh l la th xa Thu Dau Mot - trung tam hanh chnh - kinh te - van hoa ... cua Bnh Dng. Dieon tch uuuc phaon boo uy 7 huyeon thu sau:
Huyeon thu Dieon tch (km2) Dan so ( ngi) So xa, phng, th tran

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Thu xa Thuy Daau Moot Huyeon Thuaon An Huyeon Taon Uyeon Huyeon Beon Cat Huyen Dau Tieng Huyen D An Huyen Phu Giao Coong

84,80 57,35 611,17 586,52 720,10 82,46 538,61 2681,01

148.645 115.754 121.172 107.940 89.037 98.902 61.340 742.790

10 10 18 15 11 6 9 79

( Nguon : Cuc Thong ke - tnh Bnh Dng ) b. Khai quat vea uua hnh, uua mauo:

Bnh Dung thuooc vung uua hnh tieop giap gia hai kieon truc hnh thai : eoang baong boc mon - xaom thuc, tch tuu vui uoai nui sot eoong Nam Boo va uoang baong tch tuu Taoy Nam Boo. eua hnh cuya tonh uuuc thanh tauo buyi su tung tac gia cac yeou too nooi sinh va ngoaui sinh. Cac hoaut uoong ngoaui sinh xayy ra uy uaoy chuy yeou la hai qua trnh boc mon - xaom thuc va tch tuu. Cac kieou uua hnh chnh cuya tonh Bnh Dung nh sau : - Vung uoang baong cao vui cac uoai nui sot naom eoong Thuaon An va Baoc Taon Uyeon co daung vom, cao trung bnh 30 m. co nui cao 90 - 100 m. Cac traam tch Neogen va Pleistocen thung moyng (5 - 66m ) phuy treon nean ua gooc tuooi Mesozoi. - Vung uoang baong cao phaon boo roong rai treon dieon tch tonh Bnh Dung, chung keo thanh dayi dai hung Taoy Baoc - eoong Nam t Phu Boon ueon ga Du An. Vung uoang baong nay mang uac uieom uua mauo miean eoong Nam Boo. Bea mat uua hnh co daung luun song, caou tauo buyi cac traam tch Neogen - Pleistocen vui bea day t 120 - 150 m. - Vung uoang baong thaop naom douc theo soong Sai Gon va soong eoang Nai mang uac uieom uua mauo cuya miean Taoy Nam Boo. Bea mat uua hnh baong phayng bu phaon caot maunh buyi maung lui dong chayy day uac. eoang baong nay caou tauo buyi cac traam tch Neogen - eeo t vui bea day 100 - 150 m.

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Trong nhng nam qua, qua trnh phat trieon kinh teo - xa hooi ua tac uoong maunh tui bea mat uua hnh va uua mauo cuya tonh bao goam su hnh thanh hang loaut cac daung uua hnh nhaon sinh va cac qua trnh uua mauo theo qui moo va uac uieom khac nhau. Cung vui su coong nghieop hoa va uoo thu hoa th qua trnh khai thac khoang sayn cung raot phat trieon. Qua trnh khai thac khoang sayn chuy yeou taop trung taui pha uoong cuya huyeon Thuaon An, pha Nam huyeon Taon Uyeon va thu traon My Phuc cuya huyeon Beon Cat ua tac uoong maunh leon bea mat uua hnh taui cac khu vuc nay . Vui quy moo khai thac coong nghieop treon dieon tch lun, hang trieou m3 uaot ua laoy ui khoyi mat uaot tauo cho uua hnh co bea mat bieon uooi nham nhuy kho cayi tauo. Ngoai vieoc lam bieon uooi bea mat uua hnh nguyeon thuyy, qua trnh khai thac khoang sayn con gaoy nhieau tac uoong tieou cuc khac nh thuc uaoy qua trnh rya trooi bea mat va xaom thuc boc mon cac bea mat sun. c. Su luuc vea uua chaot:

Treon phaum vi Tonh Bnh Dung co theo khai quat moot soo phaon vu uua taang nh sau: * eua taang:

- Heo trias trung. Heo taang Chaou Thui (T2ct) loo haun cheo vung uoai Chaou Thui. Thanh phaan traam tch uy Chaou Thui goam cat keot tinh, phieon set keot, boot keot cha hoa thauch uunh taang. - Heo Jura, thoong thuung. Heo Long Bnh (J3ut) Khu vuc An Bnh thanh phaan goam: Anderit Porphyrit, Tufandezit bea day khoayng 300m. (N22 - Heo Neogen, thoong Plioxen, phuu thoong thuung heo taang Ba Mieou bm). Loo treon mat uy baoc uua hnh 70-80m uy vung thuung nguoan soong Sai Gon keo dai tui Long Nguyeon, Minh Hng. Ngoai ra con loo dui daung xaom thuc uy khu vuc Beon Cat, Thuy Daau Moot, Taon Uyeon. Thanh phaan traam tch: dui la cuooi, soyi, cat, chuyeon leon treon la cat boot xen nhau, set daung khooi. Taui dooc Taon Uyeon phat hieon hoa thauch thuc vaot. Bea day thay uooi 10- 60m. * Heo ueo t: - Pleistoxen hau, heo taang uaot cuooc:

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Phaon boo daung dayi keo dai theo phung Taoy Baoc - eoong Nam (baoc uua hnh 40-50m) t Giap Minh qua Baau Bang vea eaot Cuooc (Taon Uyeon). Thanh phaan traam tch: dui la cat, cuooi, soyi cha kaolin, chuyeon leon treon chuy yeou cat laon t saun, kaolin, t maynh tectit nguyeon daung bea day 2-10m. - Pleistoxen trung thuung. Heo taang Thuy ec phaon boo uy baoc uiau hnh 20-30m tauo hanh dayi keo t Daau Tieong qua Beon Cat ueon Thuy Daau Moot; thanh phaan traam tch cat, cuooi, soyi, set kaolin uooi khi taop trung co gia tru khai thac lun, hoac trong thanh phaan cuooi co cac tectet mai mon. - Pleistoxen. Heo taang Cuy Chi. Phaon boo daung theam soong, phoo bieon uy khu vuc Taon Uyeon, Beon Cat Thanh phaan traam tch co cat, cuooi, soyi, boot, set, kaolin. Bea day traam tch thay uooi 3-10m. Trong Holoxen cac traam tch uuuc chia ra nhieau gooc khac nhau (soong, uaam laay) dua vao uac uieom thauch houc cung nh cac yeou too uua mauo va quan heo uua chaot. 2. Tnh hnh kh haou :

Thi tiet kh hau nam 2000 cung co nhng dien bien bat thng, phc tap, mua ma en sm hn trung bnh nhieu nam t 10 en 20 ngay. Trong cac thang mua kho t thang 1 en thang 4, cac ni trong tnh co lng ma cao hn trung bnh nhieu nam; nhng cn ma chuyen tiep gia mua kho va mua ma co lng ma kha cao, ma tap trung vao thang 9 & 10. au thang 11/2000 a co 05 cn bao xuat hien bien ong va nhieu cn ap thap nhiet i a anh hng rat nhieu en kh hau nc ta. Tai Bnh Dng do anh hng cua ap thap nhiet i xuat hien ngay 8/10/2000 cong vi 3 ho cha quoc gia xa lu ln, ket hp ma ln noi ong va trieu cng nen a gay lu lut ln nhieu huyen th trong tnh. ( Nguon : Trung tam d bao Kh tng thuy van Bnh Dng )

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a. Che o gio : Bnh Dng co che o gio khong ln va khong thng xuyen, tan suat lang gio la 67,8%. Ve mua kho gio thnh hanh chu yeu la hng ong, ong - Bac, ve mua ma gio thnh hanh chu yeu la hng Tay, Tay - Nam. Toc o gio bnh quan khoang 0.7m/s, toc o gio ln nhat quan trac c la 12m/s thng la Tay, Tay Nam. b. Che o nhiet o :

Nhiet o khong kh trung bnh thang la 26,50C, nhiet o trong nam tng oi ieu hoa, dao ong t 25-280C . Qua trnh bien oi nhiet o khong kh la tng oi ong nhat khong co s ot bien. c. Che o am : Che o khong kh am nam qua tng oi cao, trung bnh 80-90% va bien oi theo mua. o am c mang lai chu yeu do gio mua Tay Nam trong mua ma, do o o am thap nhat thng xay ra vao gia mua kho va cao nhat vao gia mua ma. Giong nh nhiet o khong kh, qua trnh bien oi o am trong nam la tng oi ong nhat khong co s ot bien. d. Che o ma : Tong lng ma bnh quan nam la 2.441,2mm, chu yeu la ma dong nhiet, ma bao t, tng t nh vung ong Nam Bo. Lng ma trong mua ma chiem khoang 91% tong lng ma ca nam. e. Che o nang :

So gi nang trung bnh ngay la 5-7 gi, trong nam qua co bon thang nang, so gi nang cao nhat xay ra vao gia mua kho ( thang 3 : 211,3 gi) , thap nhat vao thang 10 : 105,9 gi. ieu nay rat thch hp vi s phat trien cua cay trong nhiet i.

BA#NG THOANG KEA SOA LIE#U KH TeeeNG TaNH BeNH DeeNG NAaM 2000
Thang 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Nhiet o ( 0C ) 25,1 25,7 25,6 28,3 27,9 27,2 26,8 am o trung bnh (%) 83 81 81 81 86 89 89 Tong lng ma ( mm ) 44,7 54,1 78,5 161,7 224,0 293,0 232,4 Tong so gi nang ( gi ) 201,3 196,9 211,3 197,7 192,2 170,9 152,3

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8 9 10 11 12 Ca nam

26,7 27,0 26,0 26,2 25,4 26,5

90 88 100 90 86 87

286,2 154,4 489,1 270,0 132,1 2.411,2

122,5 110,5 105,9 145,0 144,0 1.950,5

( Nguon : Cuc Thong ke - tnh Bnh Dng ) 3. Tnh hnh at ai : Dieon tch tu nhieon cuya tonh Bnh Dung la 268.101 ha, aot haau heot co thanh phaan cu giui nheu, to leo cat cao, nhaot la cac loaiu uaot phat sinh treon phu sa coo, khay nang gi nuc kem, deo bu rya trooi cay theo chieau ngang va chieau douc. Rieong loaui uaot phu sa co thanh phaan cu giui thut nheu va thut trung bnh, con uaot phen va uaot dooc tuu co to leo set 44 - 51%. eaoy la vung uaot toot, thch nghi vui vieoc canh tac lua hoac luaon canh lua - mau. Vea hoa tnh, uaot Bnh Dung ua soo la ngheo chaot dinh dung ( N, P, K ), tuy nhieon trong 13 loaui uaot th uaot phu sa va uaot phen tieam tang saou co to leo mun cao t 2,1 -8,5%, uaum toong soo : 0,17- 0,28%, laon: 0,098 - 0,120%, Kali: 0,98 -1,65%. Con treon uaot xam va uaot uoy vang th raot ngheo laon va kali ( 0,06 - 0,08% ). Nh vaoy muoon caoy troang phat trieon toot, uaut nang suaot va chaot luung cao caan phayi bon N, P, K theo to leo phooi huup caon uooi phu huup vui tng loaui caoy troang. ( Xem bieu 1,2 ).

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Bnh Dung la moot trong cac tonh pha Nam uang treon ua phat trieon coong nghieop maunh, v vaoy vui cac uac uieom phaon loaui va thanh phaan ly hoa tnh nh treon th hieon traung sy duung uaot taui Bnh Dung nam 1999 uuuc theo hieon nh sau :
LOAeI eAAT ( ha ) Toong dieon tch eaot noong nghieop eaot laom nghieop

Nam 1999 268.101 188.851 18.258

Nam 2000 268.101 194.403 18.258

Tang giam + 5.552 -

eaot chuyeon dung eaot uy eaot cha sy duung

30.411 4.839 25.742

31.684 5.945 17.811

1.273 + 1.106 - 7.931

( Nguon Cuc Thong ke - Tnh Bnh Dng )

2.2% 11.8%

6.6%

Nng nghi p L nghi m p Chuyn d ng Khu d cn

6.8%

72.5%

c cau s dung at nam 2000 Nh vaoy qua trnh bieon uooi hieon traung sy duung uaot trong nhng nam qua la phu huup vui quy luaot phat trieon kinh teo xa hooi , cung nh phu huup vui tnh hnh phat trieon uoo thu hoa, coong nghieop hoa cuya tonh nha. 4. Tai nguyeon nuc: a. Nuc mat:

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Ch- a s dng

Bnh Dung co 3 con soong chnh thuooc heo thoong soong Sai Goneoang Nai uo la: - Soong Be: eaoy la moot con soong naom beon trai soong eoang Nai, baot nguoan t cao nguyen Daklak vi uoo cao khoang 800-900m, song co chieau dai 350km, dieon tch lu vuc 7.650km2, song khong rong lam nhng sau, b song dng ng, lam thac, ghenh, o oc long song trung bnh 0.8 - 1%. Phan thng nguon chayy qua tonh Bnh Phuc, phan chay qua tnh Bnh Dng co toong chieau dai: 120km, dong chay quanh co uon khuc, qua huyeon Taon Uyeon roai uoo vao soong eoang Nai. Tai thng nguon song nay thuoc tnh Bnh Phc a co cong trnh thuy ien Thac M vi dung tch ho cha 1,47 ty m3, cong

trnh phat ien 150.000kW, lu lng xa vao mua kho la 60m3/ giay gop phan ieu tiet dong chay vao mua kho kha ln. - Soong eoang Nai: baot nguoan t day nui Laom Vieon Bi up treon cao nguyeon Langbiang cuya Nam Trung Sun, cao uoo khoayng 2.000m chayy qua Laom eoang, eoang Nai, Bnh Phuc, Bnh Dung, Thanh phoo Hoa Ch Minh va cuooi cung uoo ra cya bieon Vung Tau. eoaun Soong eoang Nai thuooc uua phaon tonh Bnh Dung tnh t sau thac Tr An co chieu dai 55 km, long song rong, sau, o doc nho va chu anh hng cua thuy trieu bien ong ti tan chan thac Tr An. Nuc song dung cho sayn xuaot noong nghieop va sinh hoaut cho vung ven soong thuooc huyeon Taon Uyeon. Cat dui long soong la nguoan khoang sayn uuuc khai thac cung caop nguyeon vaot lieou xaoy dung raot toot la nguoan luui lun cho tonh Bnh Dung. - Soong Sai Gon baot nguoan t vung uoai nui Loc Thanh - Looc Ninh cua tonh Bnh Phuc, cao uoo tuyet oi 200-250m, uoaun uaau chayy theo hung eoong Baoc - Taoy Nam douc bieon giui Vieot Nam - Campuchia ueon huup lu vui suooi Sanh eooi, soong uooi hung chayy theo Taoy Baoc eoong Nam va cuooi cung uoo vao soong eoang Nai taui Nha Be. Chieau dai soong Sai Gon 280km, dieon tch lu vuc 4500km2, chieau dai tnh ueon hoa Daau Tieong la 132km (Flv = 2700km2). Hieon taui ua co hoa cha nuc Daau Tieong: 1,1 tyy m3 nuc, chuy yeou caop nuc cho Taoy Ninh, Tp.HCM va Long An; ngoai ra con xay nuc vao mua khoo xuoong soong Sai Gon ueo uaoy man ve pha hau lu gop phaan gia tang lu luung nuc phuuc vuu sayn xuaot noong nghieop. Pha hau lu theo ranh giui tonh Bnh Dung uoaun soong dai khoayng 112 km, dien tch lu vc 2.200km2 chu aynh huyng cuya thuyy trieau bien ong. Cac vung at bai ven song thuoc huyen Thuan An, th xa Thu Dau Mot va huyen Ben Cat co the tan dung khi nc thuy trieu dang cao lay nc ti cho dien tch at nong nghiep.

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Ngoai 3 soong chnh keo treon, Bnh Dung con co soong Thu Tnh (nhanh cuya soong Sai Gon) va moot loaut cac suooi rauch nh: rauch Ba Loo, Ba Hieop, rauch Vunh Bnh, suooi Cai, Suooi Giai, rauch caau oong Coo maot uoo keonh rauch trong khu vuc cho chieom khoayng t 0,8 0,4 km/km2, vao mua khoo t ma, nguoan sinh thuyy kem, dong chayy nuc mat taop trung uy soong suooi lun, con keonh rauch uy vung cao co muc nuc raot thaop, thaom ch co nhng suooi bu khoo kieot. Tai nguyen nc phan chia thanh bon cap theo mc o nguon nc cung cap cho tng vung :

- Vung nc phong phu : Cac tram bm ien doc theo song ong Nai thuoc cac xa : Thng Tan, Tan My, Bach ang va Tan An. Nhng dien tch nay phan bo doc theo song ong Nai, song Sai Gon, song Be va mot so con song suoi nho trong vung. - Vung nc kem phong phu : la nhng dien tch nam gia hai song ong Nai, song Sai Gon nhng dien tch tng oi bang phang doc theo cac song, suoi nho. - Vung thieu nc : nhng vung at doc, at cao chu yeu trong cac loai cay cong nghiep nh ieu, cao su, cay an trai dai ngay. - Vung ban kho han : nhng vung oi, vung at doc, at cao xa nguon nc. Nhng dien tch nay chu yeu la rng va dien tch trong cao su bach an. Tom lai, tiem nang nguon nc mat trong tnh kha doi dao, hang nam cac song suoi trong tnh truyen tai en cho khu vc mot khoi lng nc rat ln, nhng do chu anh hng cua che o ma va che o gio mua nen dong chay mat cung phan theo hai mua : mua lu va mua kiet, ay la mot van e bat li cho viec s dung nguon nc mat cho sinh hoat va phat trien san xuat nong nghiep cua tnh nha .

b. Nuc ngaam (nuc dui uaot)

Nuc ngaam tonh Bnh Dung tung uooi phong phu, uuuc toan taui dui 2 daung la loo hoong va khe nt. Cac phaon vu cha nuc uuuc chia treon lanh thoo nh sau: - Phc heo cha nuc loo hoong cac traam tch nhieau nguoan gooc Holoxen (qh) Cac traam tch Holoxen phaon boo rayi rac thanh dayi heup keo dai trong cac thung lung suooi, ven soong eoang Nai, soong Sai Gon, dieon tch chieom khoayng 120 km2. Bea day chung t 1-5m, thanh phaan thauch houc goam cat, saun, mun hu cu boot set mau vang, naou saom, vai nui co xuaot hieon than bun laon set boot (Taon Ba, Khanh Bnh, Thuy Daau Moot) Vui uac uieom quy moo phaon boo, bea day, thanh phaan thauch houc va mooi quan heo vui nuc mat cho thaoy phc heo cha nuc cac traam tch Holoxen uuuc xeop vao baoc mc uoo cha nuc ngheo, lu luung nhoy 0,4 -0,5 l/s, nuc nhieom phen. - Taang cha nuc cac loo hoong traam tch Pleistoxen

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Phaon boo uy phaan ra uaot xam treon phu sa coo cuya Thu xa Thuy Daau Moot, Beon Cat, Taon Uyeon. e# pha Taoy, Taoy Nam bu phuy buyi cac traam tch Holoxen. Bea day chung taang cha nuc la 15m. - Taang cha nuc loo hoong cac traam tch Plioxen: phaon boo roong khaop nui treon lanh thoo Bnh Dung, chung loo ra moot vai dayi heup keo dai uy Beon Cat. eoo saou uay cuya cac taang cha nuc nay tang daan t uoong sang taoy, t 20-30m ueon 80-120m. eaoy la taang uuuc khai thac nuc nhieau nhaot uy tonh Bnh Dung, cuu theo uy cac khu Beon Cat, Taon eunh, Thu Xa Thuy daau Moot, Lai Thieou, Song Thaan, An Phu nuc co chaot luung toot, toong khoang hoa 0,05-0,10g/l (nuc sieou nhaut). Nhn chung toan tonh Bnh Dung co theo chia lam 3 khu vuc: + Khu vuc giau nuc ngaam:

Phaon boo uy phia Taoy huyeon Beon Cat ueon soong Sai Gon; co nhng uieom uy Thanh Tuyean muc nuc co theo uaut ueon 250l/s. Khay nang tang tr va vaon uoong nuc toot, taang cha nuc day t 1520m. + Khu giau nuc trung bnh: huyeon Thuaon An (tr vung trung phen). Cac gieong uao co lu luung 0,05-0,6l/s. Bea day taang cha nuc 10-12m. + Khu ngheo nuc: Phaon boo uy vung eoong va eoong Baoc Thuy Daau Moot hoac rayi rac cac thung lung ven soong Sai Gon, eoang Nai thuooc traam tch ueo t. Lu luung gieong uao Q = 0,05-0,40l/s thung gap Q = 0,1-0,2l/s. II. eAaC eIE#M KINH TEA : Nam 2000, ben canh nhng thuan li c ban nh tnh hnh kinh te ca nc ang trong giai oan phuc hoi, vung kinh te ong lc gi vng toc o phat trien. Bnh Dng cung gap khong t nhng kho khan bat li ve thi tiet, th trng tieu thu nong san... Tuy nhien vi no lc phat trien cua cac nganh, cac cap nen tnh hnh kinh te cua tnh tiep tuc tang trng va phat trien, hau het cac ch tieu chu N yeu eu at va vtm 2000 ch. ke hoa Toong sayn phaom trong tonh nam 2000 tang 13,9% so vi nam 1999. 22.8% 26.8% GDP bnh quaon uaau ngui khoang 8.000.000 u/ngui. C cau kinh te chuyen
25.1% 16.9%

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N m 1997

58.0%

50.4%

dch theo hung tch cc coong nghieop - duch vuu- noong nghieop vi ty trong tng ng trong GDP la 58,0% - 25,1% - 16,9%. Cu the tren tng lnh vc nh sau : C cau tong san pham ( GDP) - Cong nghiep la lnh vc trong yeu, tao ong lc thuc ay kinh te cua tnh tang trng nhanh. San xuat cong nghiep trong nam co toc o tang trng kha cao. Nam 2000, toan tnh co 3.169 c s hoat ong, gia tr san xuat at 8.267 ty 100 trieu ong, tang 34,3% so vi nam 1999, at 116% ke hoach nam, trong o khu vc kinh te co von au t nc ngoai ngay cang chiem ty trong cao - gia tr san xuat at 4.490 ty 600 trieu ong, tang 37,7% , ay la khu vc dan au ve toc o tang trng. Trong nam 2000, hoat ong san xuat cong nghiep cua tnh c ban a cham dt suy thoai ve toc o tang trng, ang tren a theo nhp o tang trng cao nh cac nam t 1996 tr ve trc. Nhieu doanh nghiep thua lo do khung hoang a khoi phuc va hoat ong lai co hieu qua. Mot so nganh cong nghiep thuoc the manh cua a phng nh gom s xuat khau, che bien thc pham, che bien go, may mac, da giay phat trien vi toc o cao, bat au co s chuyen dch trong chu trng di di cac c s o nhiem len pha bac tnh e gan vi lao ong va phat trien nong thon. Ve phat trien khu cong nghiep : en nay, ty le cho thue at trong cac KCN at khoang 50%. Cac KCN Viet Hng, Song Than I&II, Bnh ng, Viet Nam Singarpore, ong An c ban a cho thue 100 % dien tch giai oan I, ang trien khai giai oan II. Cac chu au t a au t tren 180 ty ong e tiep tuc hoan thien ket cau ha tang. Trong nam cac KCN thu hut them 95 d an au t, gom 67 d an nc ngoai va 28 d an trong nc, nang tong so d an trong cac KCN en nay la 278 d an. Co gan 70% so d an i vao hoat ong, ang lap thu tuc au t va trien khai xay dng nha xng khoang 28%, con lai cha trien khai khoang 3%. Trong nam, cac doanh nghiep khu cong nghiep thc hien doanh thu 209 trieu USD, tang 55,8%, kim ngach xuat khau 114 trieu USD, tang 84%, s dung 34.500 lao ong.

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- Noong nghieop vaon gi vai tro quan troung trong uunh hung phat trieon kinh teo cuya tonh, nam 2000 gia tr san xuat toan nganh at 1.565.538 trieu ong, tang 5,6% so vi nam 1999. Tnh hnh chuyen oi cu caou caoy troang dien ra manh theo hng thay oi cay trong hieu qua, nang suat cao, thu hep dan dien tch cac loai cay trong kem hieu qua nh ieu, vn tap... So vi nam 1999, dien tch cay gieo trong hang nam giam 1,86%, dien tch cay trong lau nam tang 4,83%. Dch benh gay hai mc o nhe nhng do thi tiet that thng, lu lut nen nang suat cac loai cay trong tang khong ang ke. Mot so cay trong chu yeu c c tnh trong nam 2000 nh sau :

Cay trong Cay cao su Cay ca phe Cay tieu Cay lua Cay ieu Cay an qua

Dien tch gieo trong( ha ) 94.585 615 786 24.891 13.849 4.342

San lng ( tan ) 74.658 698 688 64.293 3.257 21.119

Nang suat ( ta/ha) 12,66 23,83 27,09 25,83 2,50 -

( Nguon : S Nong nghiep & phat trien nong thon ) Nam 2000, tnh hnh chan nuoi on nh va tiep tuc phat trien, gia tr san xuat nganh chan nuoi tang 14,3% so vi cung ky, cac d an chan nuoi tap trung quy mo ln hoat ong co hieu qua. Trong nam tong an gia suc giam 7%, rieng bo sa tang 14,5%, tong san lng tht hi cac loai tang 6,7%, tong an gia cam at 2.224.860 con. So lng the hien nh sau : - Tong an trau at: 16.663 con. - Tong an bo at: 27.128 con.

- Tong an ln at: 178.894 con.

- Tong an gia cam at: 2.224.860 con.


S l - n g n g i a s c n vt : con nh 178894

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.V

N m 2000

27128 16633 135144 28958 18045 28951 18366 28937 18855 n tr u 91495 118202

N m 1999

N m 1998

N m 1997

n b

n l n

an heo tang chu yeu cac trai chan nuoi tap trung 100% von nc ngoai nh Cong ty Nong Lam ai Loan, Cong ty ai Viet, nhieu trai chan nuoi heo t

nhan co quy mo t 100 - 500 con c hnh thanh ( trai Hoa Bnh, trai Thanh Cong ... ) Dien tch at lam nghiep phuc tra cuoi nam 1999 la 18.257,5ha, chiem gan 7% dien tch t nhien cua tnh, dien tch co rng la 5.875,2ha. Rieng trong nam 2000 a trong c 40,8ha rng tap trung va 917,2 ha cay phan tan . Ty le che phu toan tnh la 47%, cao hn mc bnh quan chung cua ca nc. Cong tac quan ly bao ve va phat trien rng c thc hien thng xuyen, a trien khai Chng trnh trong mi 5 trieu ha rng cua Chnh phu. - Thng mai - dch vu : hoat ong noi thng c tang cng m rong, khai thac th trng trong va ngoai tnh, th trng nong thon c quan tam. Mac du ch so gia tieu dung chung tang khong ang ke ( khoang 1% ), nhng tong mc ban hang hoa va dch vu tieu dung xa hoi tang kha, c at 6.611 ty 200 trieu ong, tang 21,2% so vi nam ngoai, tong mc ban le at 3.965 ty 600 trieu ong tang 12,7%. Tuy vay, do vay thieu bien phap nen chu trng kch cau cha c thc hien tot, sc mua cha cao. Cac hoat ong dch vu c cung co nen at toc o phat trien kha, nhng cha tng xng vi tiem nang cua tnh. Hoat ong du lch c quan tam hn va co nhieu thay oi nhng van cha that s khi sac va tng xng vi kha nang va toc o phat trien kinh te. So vi nam 1999, doanh thu du lch tang 28%, van tai tang 12,6%; doanh thu hoat ong bu chnh vien thong tang 34,4%. Dch vu vui chi giai tr, tn dung ... co bc chuyen bien, nhng chat lng cha cao, toc o phat trien khong ong eu. III. ac iem xa hoi :

1. Dan so va dan c :

Nam 2000, dan so tnh Bnh Dng trung bnh la 742.790 ngi, mat o dan so trung bnh 277 ngi/ km2 ( Nguon t Cuc thong ke ). Trong nam qua, ty le tang dan so t nhien 14,78%0, so vi cac nam trc th ty le nay co giam dan ( nam 1998 : 16,1%0; nam 1999 : 15,53%0 ) nhng do kinh te cua tnh van ang tren a phat trien, cac khu cong nghiep tap trung a thu hut mot lng kha ong lc lng lao ong ngoai tnh en nhap c. Hien tai tnh hnh dan c phan bo tren a ban tnh nh sau : - Ve lc lng lao ong trong o tuoi nam 2000 co khoang 406.875 ngi, chiem 54,7% trong tong dan so . Trong o lao ong ang lam viec la 368.867 ngi, chiem 49,6% so vi dan so. Nhn chung lc lng lao ong cua tnh ngay cang co trnh o ky thuat, trnh o

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vi tnh hoac ngoai ng cao hn so vi cac nam trc ay, nhng ty le nay van con thap ( 5% ), a so lc lc lao ong co trnh o ky thuat cao la t cac tnh khac nhap c en, chu yeu la t thanh pho Ho Ch Minh.

760000 740000 720000 700000 680000 660000 640000 N m1997 N m 1998 Nm 1999 N m 2000 679044 700160 721933 742790

Tnh hnh bien ong dan so cac nam qua - Ve c cau phan bo lao ong, theo cac nganh nghe nh sau : + Lao ong san xuat nong lam nghiep : 167.673 ngi. + Lao ong san xuat cong nghiep, xay dng : 127.151ngi. + Lao ong dch vu va lao ong khac : 74.043ngi. Nam 2000, a giai quyet viec lam cho 25.000 lao ong, giam 2,9% ty le that nghiep la 3%, ty le thi gian s dung lao ong nong thon la 75%. Cong tac xoa oi giam ngheo c thc hien tap trung bang nhieu bien phap, nhieu cach lam thiet thc hieu qua. Toan tnh co 4600 ho ngheo, tng ng 2,78%. Ket qua ieu tra ho ngheo theo nh mc mi cua tnh ( 150.000 va 180.000 /thang) th ty le ho ngheo la 5,82% ( 9.605/164.973 ho ). Cong tac bao hiem xa hoi, cac hoat ong t thien, cu tr, giup nhau trong cong ong c nang len. e hng ng cac cuoc van ong nhan dan tnh Bnh Dng a quyen gop c tren 6 ty ong va nhieu hien vat co gia tr giup cho cac oi tng tan tat, c nh, ngi gia co n, hoc sinh ngheo, tre mo coi va ong bao b lu lut trong va ngoai tnh. 2. Cong tac giao duc - ao tao : Nam hoc 1999-2000 hoat ong giao duc ao tao tiep tuc chuyen bien tch cc, ty le hoc sinh tot nghiep cac cap eu at tren 90%, co 27 hoc sinh gioi cap quoc gia va 309 hoc sinh gioi cap tnh. So vi cac nam ty le hoc sinh kha gioi co tang,

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tuy nhien chat lng ai tra chuyen bien con cham, khong eu, ben canh o viec ren luyen hanh kiem cua hoc sinh trung hoc la mot van e ang quan tam, nam hoc va qua so hoc sinh b ky luat khong giam, a co trng hp hoc sinh s dung chat kch thch b phat hien, tham ch co dau hieu vi pham phap luat b cong an va chnh quyen a phng x ly. Trong nhng nam va qua Bnh Dng la mot trong 17/61 tnh thanh co ty le tre em i hoc cao so vi dan so trong o tuoi. Qui mo hoc sinh qua cac nam hoc tiep tuc phat trien : Nam 1999-2000 - So hoc sinh pho thong trung hoc - So hoc sinh trung hoc c s - So hoc sinh tieu hoc - So hoc sinh mau giao : : : : 51.066 79.744 Nam 2000-2001 19.624 51.918 77.958 19.234 23.023

e ap ng quy mo hoc sinh ngay cang tang, oi ngu giao vien ngay cang c chuan hoa, c s vat chat trng lp a c tang cng, toan nganh giao duc co 6.140 giao vien trc tiep giang day, xay dng mi 213 phong hoc, trong o co 113 phong hoc lau, sa cha ln 109 phong hoc xuong cap. Tuy vay, so vi nhu cau van con thieu khoang 887 giao vien, tap trung bac trung hoc c s va nhng bo mon nhac hoa, my thuat, ky thuat cong nghiep..., tnh trang xuong cap va thieu phong hoc van con, nhat la nhng vung sau vung xa cua tnh. T nam hoc 1999-2000, toan tnh a khong con lp hoc ca ba va a xoa c phong hoc tranh tre tam thi, 100% trng hoc cua tnh a co th vien hoac tu sach dung chung.

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18.322

S h c si n h ph t h n g n vt : hc sinh nh 155000 150000 145000 140000 135000 N m 1997 N m 1998 N m 1999 N m 2000

He thong mang li trng lp ngay cang them hoan chnh, 100% xa phng co trng tieu hoc, moi huyen th co t 2-4 trng trung hoc c s, 2-5 trng PTTH. Qui mo trng hoc, lp hoc va giao vien pho thong : Nam 1999-2000 - So trng pho thong : - So lp hoc - So giao vien : : 181 Nam 2000-2001

Giao duc khong chnh quy a khong ngng tang nhanh ve so lng va chat lng, nam hoc 1999-2000 cac trung tam a thu hut 5374 hoc vien en hoc bo tuc van hoa, cac trung tam giao duc thng xuyen a ap ng c nhu cau hoc tap cua thanh nien va cong chc, v ngoai viec to chc ao tao van hoa, cac trung tam nay con gop phan trong viec nang cao trnh o tieng Anh va tin hoc van phong cho cac oi tng tren. Ve giao duc chuyen nghiep, nam hoc 1999-2000 cac trng chuyen nghiep cua Bnh Dng tiep tuc cung co hoat ong i vao hoan thien hn. Mang li trng chuyen nghiep cua tnh gom 1 trng cao ang, 5 trng trung hoc chuyen nghiep, 01 trng ai hoc dan lap, va 01 trng trung hoc ky thuat dan lap. Cac trng chuyen nghiep cua Bnh Dng hien nay a va ang phat huy kha nang ve c s vat chat c trang b e thu hut ngi hoc, a dang hoa cac he ao tao cho phu hp, giang day gan vi nang cao kien thc ky nang tay nghe cho hoc sinh, gop phan phuc vu phat trien kinh te xa hoi cua tnh. 3. Cong tac y te : Cung vi s phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cua tnh nha, cong tac cham soc sc khoe cho ngi dan c thc hien rat tot, trong nam tren a ban khong co dch benh xay ra, thc hien tot chng trnh luan chuyen va ao tao bac sy phuc vu kham cha benh tuyen xa, en nay co 32/79 xa co bac sy phuc vu kham cha benh,

X T

.V
4.246 5.180

184 4.282 5.172

100% thon, ap co nhan vien y te cong ong. Mang li y te ngay cang c cung co : - Ty le bac s tren 1 van dan : 3,79. - Ty le y s tren 1 van dan : 5,37. - Ty le can bo y te tren 1 van dan : 23,29. ( Nguon : S Y te Bnh Dng )

S c n b y t 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 485 257 483 256 476 275 B c s Y s

472

236

1997

1998

1999

Cong tac bao ve sc khoe ba me, tre em, ke hoach hoa gia nh c trien khai thc hien tot, chng trnh sc khoe sinh san do UNFPA tai tr a hoan thanh va at c muc tieu e ra. Nam 2000, giam ty suat sinh 0,7%0, , tren 95% tre em di 5 tuoi c tiem chung ay u, ty le tre suy dinh dng giam 3% ( hien nay con 22,8% ). Viec kham cha benh cho ngi co bao hiem y te tng bc nang cao chat lng phuc vu, duy tr viec cap the BHYT mien ph cho oi tng chnh sach, ngi ngheo, xa hoi hoa cong tac kham cha benh, a dang cac loai hnh benh vien ban cong, phong kham dan lap ... Mac du vay van con mot so c s kham cha benh cha c au t m rong, trng thiet b con ngheo nan, nhan dan vung sau, vung xa thieu ieu kien e tiep can cac dch vu y te. Mot so van e ang quan tam khac: Bnh Dng la mot trong 15 tnh co ty le benh phong cao, tnh hnh nhiem HIV/AIDS van co xu hng gia tang, trnh o chuyen mon cua can can bo y te tuyen xa va cac oi chuyen khoa tuyen huyen cha c nang cao. Qua cac ac iem t nhien xa hoi nh tren cho thay Bnh Dng la mot tnh ang bc vao tien trnh cong nghiep hoa hien ai hoa vi toc o manh vi nhng ieu kien t nhien thuan li, t b thien tai lut, bao. Cung vi s phat trien kinh te manh la van e hien trang moi trng can c quan tam anh gia ung mc am bao s phat trien ben vng cua tnh.

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2000

Chng ii

hien trang, dien bien moi trng tnh bnh dng t 2000 2001va xu the phat trien.
I. moi trng cong nghiep : Trong nhng nam gan ay ang bo va chnh quyen tnh Bnh Dng quan triet ng loi, chnh sach cua ang va Nha nc ra sc phan au a nen kinh te cua tnh phat trien i theo con ng cong nghiep hoa - hien ai hoa, t mot tnh san xuat nong nghiep chiem hn 80%, kinh te ngheo nan, lac hau, gi ay c cau kinh te cua Bnh Dng a chuyen dch theo hng cong nghiep - dch vu - nong nghiep vi ty le tng ng 58,0%-25,1%-16,9%. ieu nay cho thay cong nghiep Bnh Dng co toc o phat trien nhanh, nhp o thu hut cac d an au t vao tnh kha cao; tnh en het 3/2001 tren toan tnh a co khoang 1687 d an au t trong va ngoai nc, trong o co 392 d an au t nc ngoai ( S Ke hoach au t ). a phan la nganh cong nghiep che bien nh thc pham o uong, may mac, che bien go va cac san pham kim loai phi kim loai. Ngoai ra con co tren 2500 c s san xuat nho vi cac loai nganh nghe khac nhau nam xen ke trong cac khu dan c, vi hn 200 c s san xuat gom s. ( Cuc thong ke ).

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u t - t r c t i p c a n - c n g o i 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 N m 1997 N m 1998 N m 1999 N m 2000 400 300 200 100 0

S d n

Vn t- ( tri USD) u u

( Nguon : Cuc thong ke tnh Bnh Dng )

Ben canh o con co 7 khu cong nghiep a c cap phep , trong o 05 khu hoat ong tng oi hoan chnh la : khu cong nghiep Song Than I & II, Viet Hng, ong An, Viet Nam - Singapore. Rieng KCN Tan ong Hiep hien nay ang trong giai oan xay dng c s ha tang, con KCN Bnh ng co dien tch nho, cac d an au t trong khu thuoc nganh nghe t gay o nhiem ( may mac va san xuat giay). Qua trnh phat trien cong nghiep nay a em lai nhng li ch kinh te to ln cho tnh, mat khac cung tao ra nhieu ap lc en moi trng sinh thai. Hien trang va dien bien moi trng cong nghiep trong thi gian qua nh sau : 1. Hien trang moi trng cua cac doanh nghiep trong va ngoai khu cong nghiep : Tnh hnh xay dng va au t vao cac khu cong nghiep a c cap phep tren a ban tnh Bnh Dng trong thi gian qua nh sau :
STT 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 Khu cong nghiep DIeN TCH ( ha ) 20 So d an au t 29

KCN Viet Hng KCN Song Than I KCN Song Than II KCN ong An KCN Bnh ng KCN Tan ong Hiep

KCN Viet Nam - Singapore Tong cong

M
Nam

X T
486 26 123 363 500

180

.V

N
58 66 50 18 01 56 268

So d an a i vao hoat ong 25 40 39 30 10 01 40 185

1.698

Trong thi gian qua, bang chng trnh quan trac tuan thu tai cong xa xua cac khu cong ngiep, S Khoa hoc - Cong nghe va Moi trng a tien hanh o ac lu lng va lay mau phan tch chat thai tai cac cong xa cua 05 khu cong nghiep. Ket qua quan trac va tnh toan lu lng va tai lng cac chat o nhiem trong nc thai t cac khu cong nghiep c ieu tra nh sau :
Lu lng ( m3/ngay. em ) Tai lng ( kg/ngay. em ) BOD COD TSS

STT

Ten khu cong nghiep

01 02

KCN Viet Singapore

4.500 2.790

458 335

833 446

191 167

KCN Song Than I & II

03 04 05

KCN ong An KCN Viet Hng Tong cong

650 730 8.670

52 31 876

84,5 87 1450,5

32,5 29 419,5

Nhn chung, cac doanh nghiep au t vao cac khu cong nghiep tren a ban tnh Bnh Dng thuoc cac nganh nghe t tao ra nc thai nh nganh c kh, giay da, may mac, che bien go va ien t. Nc thai chu yeu t mot vai doanh nghiep san xuat giay, det nhuom va che bien hai san tao ra. Tnh hnh x ly nc thai tap trung cua cac khu cong nghiep nh sau : - Hau het cac nha may trong cac khu cong nghiep eu c x ly s bo nc thai trc khi thai ra cong thoat nc thai cua khu cong nghiep. Mot so doanh nghiep co lu lng nc thai va tai lng ln a xay dng hoan chnh he thong x ly nc thai va x ly nc thai at tieu chuan moi trng Viet Nam trc khi thai ra moi trng nh Cong ty TNHH San xuat giay lua Newtoyo tai KCN Viet Nam Singapore, Cong ty TNHH Thanh An, Cong ty TNHH CKL tai KCN Song Than, Cong ty TNHH Toung Loong tai KCN Viet Hng....Tuy nhien hien nay van con mot so doanh nghiep mac du co lu lng nc thai ln nhng van cha au t xay dng he thong x ly nc thai nh Cong ty TNHH Minh Hiep, Cong ty TNHH Vinh Phat at...... - Khu cong nghiep Viet Nam - Singapore : KCN Viet Nam - Singapore a xay dng hoan chnh Nha may x ly nc thai tap trung va a vao hoat ong t nam 1998. Cong suat x ly giai oan I cua Nha may la 6.000 m3/ngay em. Hien nay nc thai cua khu cong nghiep c x ly gan at tieu chuan tieu chuan moi trng Viet Nam ( TCVN : 5945 - 1995 loai A ) trc khi thai vao rach Ong Bo - Khu cong nghiep Viet Hng : KCN Viet Hng a xay dng va lap at hoan chnh tram x ly nc thai tap trung cho toan khu vi cong suat x ly giai oan I la 1.000 m3/ng.. Hien nay a a vao hoat ong, nc thai au ra at tieu chuan TCVN 5945-1995 loai A. - Khu cong nghiep Song Than I & II : Tram x ly nc thai tap trung cua KCN Song Than I & II vi cong xuat x ly 4.000 m3/ng. c khi cong xay dng vao au quy IV nam 2000. Hien nay phan xay dng c ban a hoan thanh va ang giai oan nhap va lap at thiet b. D kien cuoi nam 2001 tram x ly nc thai cua khu cong nghiep Song Than se c a vao s dung . - Khu cong nghiep ong An : a xay dng nha may x ly nc thai tap trung cho toan khu vi cong suat 2.000m3/ng., d kien se a vao van hanh cuoi nam 2001.

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Kh thai sinh trong qua trnh hoat ong cua cac khu cong nghiep tren a ban tnh Bnh Dng chu yeu la t qua trnh ot nhien lieu dau van hanh noi hi, lo nung va may phat ien trong cac day chuyen san xuat va kh thai do cac phng tien van chuyen gay ra. Kh thai chu yeu cha cac chat o nhiem nh bui, SO2, NOx, CO va cac hp chat hu c bay hi ( VOC ). Da tren he so phat thai trung bnh cua mot so khu cong nghiep a c nghien cu nh KCN Bien Hoa I & II, KCX Tan Thuan...va tnh hnh hoat ong cua cac khu cong nghiep hien nay co the tnh c tai lng cac chat o nhiem dang kh do s dung dau ot trong qua trnh hoat ong cua cac khu cong nghiep tren a ban tnh Bnh Dng nh sau :
Tai lng ( kg/ngay. em ) Bui 01 02 03 04 KCN Viet Nam - Singapore KCN Song Than I & II KCN ong An KCN Viet Hng Tong cong 323,2 1.336,4 464,8 121,6 SO2 2.665,4 10.939,4 NOx 485,9 CO 103,4 425 131,8 38,9 699,1 VOC 27,9 115,2 35,5 10,5 189,1

STT

Ten khu cong nghiep

(Trch t e tai : Xay dng chng trnh bao ve moi trng nham phat trien ben vng tnh Bnh Dng en nam 2010 ). Tuy vay trong cac khu cong nghiep do nhieu nha may mi i vao hoat ong san xuat, qua trnh san xuat cha on nh hoac may cha hoat ong het cong suat nen tai lng cac chat o nhiem dang kh thc te thap hn so vi tnh toan neu bang tren. Chat lng moi trng khong kh tai cac khu cong nghiep cua tnh Bnh Dng con kha trong sach. Ket qua tham khao moi trng khong kh tai cac khu cong nghiep trong thi gian qua cho thay : - Nong o cac chat o nhiem nh SO2, NOx, CO va tong hydrocarbon (THC) eu nam trong tieu chuan chat lng moi trng khong kh xung quanh TCVN : 5937 - 1995. Nong o SO2 o c t khong phat hien en 0,24 mg/m3, nong o NO2 t 0,015 - 0,118 mg/m3, nong o CO t 1,5 - 6,9 mg/m3 va nong o THC la 1,1 - 8,9 mg/m3. - Nong o bui tai cac iem o eu vt tieu chuan cho phep t 1,1 - 10,5 lan. Nhng v tr co anh hng do lu lng giao thong ln mc o o nhiem bui kha cao vt tieu chuan moi trng khong kh xng quanh ( TCVN : 5937 - 1995 ) t 3 10,5 lan. Nguyen nhan nong o bui trong cac khu cong nghiep cao chu yeu la do cac phng tien van chuyen va thi cong xay dng gay ra.

X T

2.246

17.999,4

.V
1.003,1

3.391,5

N
618,3 182,9

2.094,4

3.381,5

(Trch t e tai : Xay dng chng trnh bao ve moi trng nham phat trien ben vng tnh Bnh Dng en nam 2010 ). Chat thai ran cua cac khu cong nghiep bao gom chat thai sinh ra trong qua trnh san xuat cua cac Nha may trong khu va chat thai sinh hoat cua cong nhan . Tren c s so lieu khao sat va tnh toan, tai lng chat thai ran sinh ra trong qua trnh hoat ong cua cac khu cong nghiep tren a ban tnh Bnh Dng nh sau :
Tai lng chat thai ran ( tan/ngay.em ) Cong nghiep 01 02 03 04 05 KCN Viet Nam - Singapore KCN Song Than I & II KCN ong An KCN Viet Hng Tong cong 6,3 15,7 3,2 2,7 27,9 Sinh hoat 0,9 4,2 1,6 1,4 8,1

STT

Khu cong nghiep

oi vi cac khu cong nghiep cua tnh Bnh Dng th lng chat thai ran nguy hai theo quy nh kem theo quyet nh so : 155/1999/Q - TTg cua Thu tng Chnh Phu chu yeu la cac bao b ng hoa chat, chat thai t qua trnh san xuat sn, keo va bun t he thong x ly nc thai. Tai lng chat thai nguy hai theo ket qua khao sat chiem khoang 20 % chat thai cong nghiep cua cac khu cong nghiep. Do tnh Bnh Dng cha co Nha may x ly rac tap trung cho toan tnh, chat thai ran cua cac cac Nha may trong cac khu cong nghiep cung nh cac c s cong nghiep khac tren a ban tnh cha c thu gom va x ly theo ung tieu chuan. Chat thai ran cua cac khu cong nghiep c x ly tam thi theo hnh thc hp ong vi cac oi ve sinh cong cong, cac X nghiep cong trnh o th thu gom va van chuyen rac thai sinh hoat hang ngay en cac bai rac tam thi cua cac huyen, th (cac bai rac nay la cac bai at trong hay cac ham khai thac set sau khai thac. Cac bai rac nay khong c chong tham, khong co vat lieu che phu va khong hp ve sinh). Rieng chat thai ran cong nghiep th hau nh khong phan loai va c cac doanh nghiep chu ong ban cho cac n v t nhan co chc nang thu gom va x ly chat thai ran cong nghiep cua thanh pho Ho Ch Minh, ong Nai.

X T

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So lieu thong ke chat thai ran t cac khu cong nghiep va cac c s san xuat ngoai khu cong nghiep nh sau :
STT n v hanh chnh Chat thai ran cong nghiep phat sinh (tan/ngay) Tong so (1) CTR sinh hoat (2) CTR san xuat (3)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Th xa Thu Dau Mot Huyen Thuan An Huyen D An Huyen Ben Cat Huyen Tan Uyen Huyen Phu Giao Huyen Dau Tieng Tong cong:

15,0 25,0 25,0 5,0 4,0 4,0 4,0 82,0

5,0 8,3 8,5 1,5 1,3 1,3 1,3 27,0

10,0 16,7 16,7 3,5 2,7 2,7 2,7 55,0

Ghi chu: tnh.

(1)- Chat thai ran phat sinh t cac khu cong nghiep, cac c s san xuat trong (2)- CTR sinh hoat: La lng chat thai ran thai ra t qua trnh hoat ong sinh hoat cua cong nhan, van phong (thng chiem 30%). (3)- CTR san xuat: La chat thai ran thai ra t qua trnh hoat ong san xuat cua cac c s cong nghiep (thng chiem 70%). Trong nhng nam qua van e x ly kh thai, nc thai, rac thai cac doanh nghiep a co nhng chuyen bien tch cc. Qua so lieu thu thap t thanh kiem tra, ieu tra va thong ke tnh hnh x ly chat thai cua cac doanh nghiep trong nam 1999 cho thay nhieu doanh nghiep ac biet la cac doanh nghiep co von au t nc ngoai a quan tam au t x ly chat thai. Tnh hnh x ly chat thai cua cac doanh nghiep nh sau :

X T

.V

STT

Loai hnh DN

So n v thong ke

He thong x ly chat thai Tot(%) TB(%) Kem(% )

1 2 3

DN co von au t trong nc DN co von au t nc ngoai Tong cong

842 120 962

2,4 34,2 6,3

33,0 52,5 35,4

64,6 13,3 58,4

So vi cac doanh nghiep nam ngoai khu cong nghiep th viec au t xay dng cac he thong x ly chat thai cua cac doanh nghiep nam trong cac khu cong

nghiep tap trung tot hn so vi cac doanh nghiep nam ngoai KCN. Ket qua ieu tra tnh hnh x ly chat thai trong cac KCN va ngoai KCN nh sau :

TT

Doanh nghiep

So n v ieu tra

He thong x ly chat thai Tot(%) TB(%) Kem(%)

DN nam trong cac KCN - DN co von au t TN - DN co von au t NN

92 80 12 883 818 63

30 8,3 38,6 4,2 30,2

59 66,7 56,1 33,3 32 49,2

11 25 5,3 56,5 65,8 20,6

DN nam ngoai KCN - DN co von au t TN - DN co von au t NN

Hau het cac doanh nghiep co von au t nc ngoai du trong hay ngoai KCN eu co he thong x ly chat thai tot hn so vi cac doanh nghiep trong nc . ong thi cac doanh nghiep nam trong KCN a so co he thong x ly tot hn cac n v nam ngoai KCN . Thc te mot vai doanh nghiep quoc doanh ln hoac t nhan trong nc a tng bc xay dng cac he thong x ly chat thai nh cong ty ng Bnh Dng, Cong ty cao su Dau Tieng... hoac oi mi cong nghe giam thieu o nhiem moi trng nh cong ty gom s Minh Long I, cong ty Khai thac, san xuat VLXD Bnh Dng, cong ty Nam Viet..v.v

X T

.V

2,2

Ben canh cac doanh nghiep thc hien tot cong tac bao ve moi trng van con khoang 26,4% cac n v san xuat mac du a lap bao cao TM hoac phng an bao ve moi trng nhng viec au t xay dng cac he thong x ly con cham, cha at hieu qua, chu yeu tap trung vao cac nganh nghe san xuat o nhiem nh san xuat bot giay, gat tay, hoa my pham, khai thac khoang san, che bien mu cao su. Tom lai hien nay oi vi moi trng cong nghiep tnh Bnh Dng van e can quan tam la viec bao ve moi trng cua cac doanh nghiep nam ngoai khu cong nghiep, viec giam thieu o nhiem moi trng oi vi chat thai long, chat thai ran va kh thai. Qua thc trang tren Bnh Dng a xac nh phai u tien giam thieu o nhiem cho cac nganh sau : san xuat giay, bot giay, che bien mu cao su, det nhuom, hoa chat va san xuat gom s gach ngoi nam xen ke trong khu dan c. 2. Hien trang moi trng tai cac c s san xuat gom s , gach ngoi :

Hien nay tren a ban tnh Bnh Dng co 454 c s ang ky hoat ong lnh vc gom s va c phan bo chu yeu Thuan An, Tan Uyen va th xa Thu Dau Mot; ngoai ra con co 171 c s san xuat gach tap trung D An va Tan Uyen. Trong o co khoang 252 c s nam trong khu vc ong dan c, o th. Nganh san xuat gach ngoi, gom s la mot trong nhng nganh co t rat lau i Bnh Dng. Trong nhng nam gan ay, cung vi s phat trien kinh te xa hoi cua tnh, nganh san xuat gom s, gach ngoi a c tiep can dan vi cac cong nghe mi, cac kieu lo ot mi, nhien lieu ot cung thay oi dan sang khuynh hng dung gas, dau... Nhng ay ch mi la thc trang cua cac thng hieu gom s my nghe cao cap, chiem mot ty le rat thap so vi toan bo. Cong nghe san xuat gom s, gach ngoi chu yeu van la thu cong, ket hp c gii khong nhieu. Cong nghe co the anh gia la lac hau, quy mo san xuat nho, phan bo khong phu hp vi nguon nguyen lieu.Vi ac thu cua nganh san xuat gom s - gach ngoi, ac trng o nhiem chnh la gay o nhiem cho moi trng khong kh xung quanh thong qua viec thai kh lo nung, van chuyen nguyen vat lieu... Theo ket qua khao sat cua e tai anh gia hien trang va e xuat cac giai phap nham giam thieu o nhiem moi trng nganh san xuat gom s- gach ngoi tren a ban tnh Bnh Dng khu vc cac cac c s san xuat gom s, gach ngoi a b o nhiem bui nang va kh HF, khong co dau hieu o nhiem THC. Nong o bui tai tat ca iem o dao ong t 0,45 mg/m3-2,60mg/m3, vt tieu chuan t 1,5 -8,67 lan, mc o o nhiem bui cao nhat trong khu vc xung quanh huyen Thuan An va Thu Dau Mot. Nong o HF dao ong t khoang khong phat hien c en 0,21mg/m3, co khoang 76% iem o vt tieu chuan t 1,1 - 10 lan . Cac ch tieu con lai eu dao ong trong khoang gii han cho phep, rieng oi vi ch tieu SO2 tai cac khu vc san xuat gach ngoi s dung nguyen lieu dau va than a co dau hieu o nhiem. Nh vay moi trng tai cac khu vc san xuat gom s, nhat la moi trng khong kh ang b o nhiem, nhng ban than cac c s a phan la c s nho, kinh te ho gia nh, khong co kha nang au t cho x ly kh thai hoac giam thieu kh thai nen can phai co s ho tr t pha nha nc e thay oi dan nhien lieu ot hoac ho tr cac c s nay trong viec di di e co bien phap khac phuc van e o nhiem khong kh cho loai nganh nghe nay. 3. Hien trang va dien bien chat lng moi trng cac khu khai thac khoang san : Tnh hnh khai thac va che bien khoang san trong cac nam qua nh sau :

X T

.V

STT

Loai

San lng ( m3)

Nam 1998 1 2 3 4 5 a xay dng Cat xay dng Set gach ngoi Caolin Che bien khoang san 2.030.619 543.005 1.176.449 112.171 -

Nam 1999 1.300.000 337.000 900.000 94.000 -

Nam 2000 2.735.474 168.651 737.898 189.600 80.000

Nguon : S Cong nghiep tnh Bnh Dng. Mac du cong tac quan ly moi trng trong khai thac khoang san ac biet c chu trong, cac chu au t a co nhieu bien phap khong che, han che o nhiem, nhng moi trng trong qua trnh khai thac va che bien khoang san van b o nhiem va canh quan ngay cang b h hai. Cac mo khai thac a xay dng tap trung phan ln nam gan cac khu dan c ( Tan ong Hiep - Thuan An, Thng Tan - Tan Uyen ) nen trong qua trnh ban mn khu vc dan c xung qaunh mo b anh hng bi o chan ong, tieng on cung nh chu nguy c nguy hiem khi no mn. O nhiem bui trong che bien a la mot van e nghiem trong do san lng khai thac ln, cac thiet b che bien thu cong lac hau, nhat la cong oan nghien. Nong o bui tai cac khu vc nay dao ong trong khoang t 25 - 35 mg/m3 , eu vt tieu chuan cho phep. Ngoai ra bui con phat sinh t cac phng tien van chuyen, cac bai cha ... trong khi o cac mo a so eu cha co cac vanh ai cay xanh xung quanh mo va ng ra vao mo e giam bt o nhiem bui va kh thai. Khai thac, nao vet tan thu cat tren song ong Nai va song Sai Gon mot cach can kiet, khong tuan thu quy nh a e lai nhng hau qua ti moi trng t nhien moi trng sinh thai cua cac con song nay. Tnh trang khai thac qua sau, khai thac gan b cang lam gia tang viec sat l, lam thay oi dong chay cua con song. Van e khai thac vao nhng gi ngh ngi cua ngi dan cung lam anh hng en cuoc song cua ho cung nh viec van chuyen cua cac phng tien giao thong thuy lam cho chat lng nc cua hai con song nay ngay cang xau i, ac biet la song Sai Gon. Cac mo cao lanh, set gach ngoi chu yeu khai thac theo phng thc lo thien, khai thac tren dien tch rong. Viec khai thac a ao sau xuong t 3- 5 m; tham ch co khi con len en 10m va hang trieu m3 at c lay khoi be mat a tao ra mot a hnh am, moi trng a chat cua cac mo nay b bien oi manh. V du : mo

X T

.V

cao lanh Bnh Hoa co tron dioyn tch 300.000 m2 b tan phau , ooy cao oa honh hay thoyp 3,1m; hay mo seut Thaui Hoa vi khai troong tron 26 ha, ooy sou khai thauc to 12 -15m
lam cho bo mayt khu mo sau khai thauc nham nho, loi lom khou cou tho cai tayo. Quau tronh khai thauc thauc tron dioyn tch royng layi khong cou thioyt koy cuy tho lam tham thoyc voyt b tan phau nayng no, kha nang gio noouc mayt keum khioyn cho quau tronh roa troi bo mayt va xom thoyc khe ranh tang maynh vo ca coong ooy lon quy mo, v

du nho mo Aoyt Cuoyc, Khaunh Von. Cauc mo oa ngong khai thauc phon loun khong oooyc
cai tayo nho mo Thuoyn Giao, Bonh Hoa.. quau tronh toy phuyc hoi cua thion nhion dion ra choym lam dioyn tch ooyt hoang houa va khong cou hooung so duyng loun.

e thc hien tot cong tac quan ly moi trng e giam thieu o nhiem trong khai thac khoang san, trong thi gian qua S KHCN&MT phoi hp vi S Cong nghiep va S Tai Chnh to chc hoi ngh trien khai va hng dan Thong t lien tch so 126/1999/BTC- BCN -BKHCNMT ve viec hng dan viec ky quy e phuc hoi moi trng trong khai thac khoang san cho cac n v khai thac khoang san tren a ban tnh cung nh a to chc tham nh phng an ky quy moi trng cho mot so mo khai thac. Cho en nay a co 13 phng an ky quy gi ve tren tong so khoang 38 mo ang ky hoat ong khai thac tren a ban tnh, va a tham nh c 03 phng an ky quy cho cac mo: mo caolin Tan Thanh & Tan Lap cua Cong ty Khai thac & Xuat khau khoang san Bnh Dng, mo khai thac tan thu soi o cua Cong ty Genimex. Tuy tien o thc hien co cham, nhng ay la mot net mi trong cong tac quan ly va bao ve moi trng trong khai thac khoang san. 4. Hien trang moi trng lao ong trong cac nha may, x nghiep : Trong nam 2000, toan tnh xay ra 8 vu tai nan lao ong, gay chet 9 ngi va lam b thng 2 ngi. Nguyen nhan chu yeu la do ngi s dung lao ong vi pham cac quy nh ve an toan lao ong, khong e ra cac bien phap an toan khi lam viec, cha to chc huan luyen ve an toan lao ong cho cong nhan. Cac nganh lien quan cung a tien hanh thanh kiem tra ve ve sinh lao ong moi trng 203 doanh nghiep tren a ban tnh, trong o co 14,8% xep loai kha, 85,2% xep loai trung bnh; ket qua cho thay moi trng lao ong trong cac nha may x nghiep a phan la cha thc hien tot. Cac thong so o nhiem chu yeu la nhiet o, tieng on, bui ho hap, hi dung moi, hoa chat oc hai. Ngi lao ong trong cac nganh che bien go, khai thac a, set caolin, hoa chat la cac oi tng chu tac ong nhieu nhat. Ty le benh nghe nghiep trong lao ong cua cac nganh nay kha cao, tuy cha co so lieu thong ke chnh xac nhng nhn chung dien bien ngay cang gia tang ty le ngi lao ong b mac benh nghe nghiep. Nhn chung trong thi gian qua, cong tac ve sinh an toan lao ong, viec trang b va s dung bao ho lao ong co nhng chuyen bien tch cc nhng ty le ngi lao ong ang lam viec trong moi trng cha at tieu chuan con kha cao : t 45 50%.

X T

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II. MOI TRNG NC va KHONG KH


1. Moi trng nc : a. Nc mat: Keot quay quan traoc trung bnh moot soo cho tieou tieou bieou nh sau :
Vu tr SG 1 Mua khoo Mua ma SG 2 Mua khoo Mua ma SG 3 Mua khoo Mua ma eN1 Mua khoo Mua ma eN 2 Mua khoo Mua ma eN 3 Mua khoo Mua ma RTA 1 Mua khoo Mua ma 6.4 6.3 2.1 3.1 48 43 16 35 30 41 0.40 13.40 25 12 6.7 6.8 4.6 5.2 7 5 5 13 18 0.10 0.30 5 5 6.9 5.8 6.0 2.8 3.1 11 6.2 6.1 3.3 3.6 6 10 8 6 14 0.10 0.40 4 2 pH 6.4 6.3 DO mg/l 4.8 4.4 COD mg/l 7 BOD5 mg/l 8 3 SS mg/l 20 19 NH3-N mg/l 0.22 0.49 Coliform x 103 MNP/100ml 2 2

M
6.8 6.8

6.8

X T
4.6 5.7 7 4.4 5.1 10

.V
8 5 5 3 5 4

26 13

KPH 0.87

6 9

11 23

0.10 0.30

2 3

13 22

0.10 0.30

3 5

RTA 2

Mua khoo Mua ma

6.1 6.1

2.7 2.8

29 30

12 29

23 25

0.04 2.70

3 169

RTX 1

Mua khoo Mua ma

6.1 6.5

2.7 3.0

10 35

26 12

18 12

1.50 3.40

2 76

RTX 2

Mua khoo Mua ma

5.9 6.3

2.9 3.3

10

8 4

16 16

0.70 0.30

1 3

RTT

Mua khoo Mua ma

6.1 6.2

3.5 3.9

12

RDA

Mua khoo Mua ma

6.5

RTU

Mua khoo Mua ma

M
6.4 6.9 6.8 6 -8.5

6.3

X T
3.9 19 4.6 4.8 15 5.5 5.8 3 14 6 <10

.V
3 6 6 12 8

14 11

0.30 0.30

7 13

31

0.97

24 44

0.40 0.62

12 6

SB

Mua khoo Mua ma

37 59

1.25 0.63

6 6

TCVN 5942 -1995, loaui A

<4

20

0.05

Treon soong Sai Gon hieon tuung acid hoa vaon uuuc ghi nhaon nh cac nam truc mac du treon cac uoaun soong uy khu vuc thu xa Thuy Daau Moot, Thuaon An uoo pH tung uooi cao hun nam 1999, pH dao uoong trong khoayng t 5.8-6.4.

eoo daon uieon taui cac uuut quan traoc ueau thaop t 30.8 -59.6, ham luung SS treon soong Sai Gon uy cac uuut quan traoc ueau uaut tieou chuaon ( TCVN 5945-1995, loaui A), nuc soong trong, ham luung phu sa t. Taui cac uieom khayo sat haau heot ueau co daou hieou oo nhieom hu cu, vi sinh, nhaot la uy uoaun soong vea pha hau lu t nha may nuc Thu xa ueon caau Vunh Bnh noang uoo BOD5 vuut tieou chuaon t 1.25 - 2 laan; uac bieot noang uoo NH3-N raot cao, vuut tieou chuaon t 2 -17.4 laan va cao uoot bieon vao mua ma ( TCVN 5945-1995, loaui A).
9.00 8.00 7.00 6.00 5.00 SG1 Mua kho Mua ma

SG2

DIEAN BIEAN pH TREAN SOANG SAI GON & eOANG NAI


9 8 7 6

M
N1

X T
N2

.V
N3

N
SG3
SB

Mua kho Mua ma

Treon soong eoang Nai mc uoo oo nhieom nheu hun soong Sai Gon, uoo pH uaut tieou chuaon nguoan loaui A, cac cho tieou COD, BOD5, Coliform dao uoong uy giui haun cho phep, rieong cho tieou NH3-N cung cao nh uy soong Sai Gon. Noang uoo oxy hoa tan treon soong eoang Nai va Sai Gon uang uy mc raot thaop, khoong uaut tieou chuaon chaot luung nuc mat loaui A, bieou uoa DO treon soong eoang Nai & Sai Gon nh sau :

DIEAN BIEAN DO TREAN SOANG eOANG NAI & SAI GON

6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Mua kho Mua ma

SG 1 SG 2 SG 3

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Mua kho

Mua ma

Cac rauch uoo ra soong : chaot luung nuc treon cac rauch haau heot ueau bu oo nhieom. Taui cac rauch trong nooi oo Thu xa va Thuaon An mc uoo nhieom baon hu cu, vi sinh raot cao. COD trung bnh cuya Rauch caau Ba Hai vao mua khoo la : 48mg/l, mua ma la 43mg/l; SS trung bnh vao mua khoo la : 30mg/l, mua ma la 41 mg/l; BOD5 trung bnh vao mua khoo la 16mg/l, mua ma la 35mg/l. Taot cay ueau vuut tieou chuaon raot cao, uac bieot la su nhieom baon vi sinh : vuut tieou chuaon t 2-5 laan va NH3N vuut tieou chuaon t 8 - treon 250 laan. Mc uoo nhieom baon vao mua khoo tung uooi cao hun vao mua ma, va cao uoot bieon vao cac thang 6, 8 cuya nam 2000. Treon rauch Vunh Bnh noang uoo cac cho tieou COD, BOD5, NH3-N, ueau vuut tieou chuaon cho phep uooi vui chaot luung nuc mat, uac bieot la su nhieom man treon cac rauch cay vea mua khoo va mua ma.

N1

X T
N2

.V
N3

N
SB

Su nhieom baon vi sinh cao uoot bieon vao cac thang 8,9 trong nam : t 196.000 - 384.000 MNP/100ml. Taui rauch nay do aynh huyng cuya cheo uoo ban nhaot trieau neon cung chuu aynh huyng cuya cac dong thayi t Thanh phoo Ho Ch Minh uoo vea. Cac rauch chayy qua nooi oo Thu xa nh rauch caau oong eanh, rauch Traau ueau bu oo nhieom nang. BOD5 vuut tieou chuaon t 2-5 laan, noang uoo Coliform cao nhaot vao mua ma uy rauch caau oong eanh : 76.000 MNP/100ml. Su nhieom man cung uuuc ghi nhaon taui rauch nay nh uy rauch caau Ba Hai va rauch Vunh Bnh. Mc uoo oo nhieom treon rauch caau oong eanh cao hun treon rauch Traau. Ghi chu: SG1: Cach ap Dau Tieng 2km. SG2 : Ni cung cap cap nc cho nha may th xa SG3 : Ca rach Vnh Bnh. N1: nga 3 song ong Nai - song Be N2: sau cu lao Bach ang SB : tai cau Song Be RDT: Rach cau Suyno, RTT: cau ong Co RTA1: rach cau Ba Hai

N3: ben o Tan Ba, ni giap ranh vi tnh ong Nai

RTA2: rach cau Vnh Bnh RTX1: rach cau ong anh RDA : rach cau Ba Hiep RTU: rach cau Tong Bang ( Nguon so lieu: Ket qua quan trac nam 2000 cua S Khoa hoc Cong nghe & Moi trng Bnh Dng.) Nong o trung bnh dau m tong, Pb, d lng thuoc tr sau quan trac c mot so oan song, rach tieu bieu :
Ch tieu ( mg/l ) Pb SG2 KPH SG3 N2 N3 RTA2 RTX1 RTX2 KPH RTT TCVN59421995, loai A 0,05

X T

.V

RTX2 : rach Trau ( cau Phu Cng)

Tong m

dau

0,773

0,795

0,945

1,127

0,863

1,095

0,995

1,040 0,01 KPH

D lng thuoc tr sau

Goc Clo ( Endosulfan ) Goc Phosphos ( Diazion )

0,15

Tat ca nong o Pb cha phat hien trong cac kenh rach, nhng ham lng dau m vt tieu chuan cho phep. Nhng kenh rach nay la au moi giao thong ng thuy, ghe thuyen qua lai rat nhieu, ay la cung la mot nguyen nhan chnh gay nhiem ban dau m va tren song, rach. Ket qua d lng thuoc tr sau cquan trac th tai rach Ba Hiep, ni tiep nhan nguon thai sau x ly cua hai cong ty san xuat thuoc tr sau, ket qua cha phat hien nhng do tan suat quan trac khong lien tuc, nen cung cha phan anh c nhieu thong tin. ( Nguon so lieu : Ket qua do Trung tam cong nghe moi trng thuoc Vien Tai nguyen moi trng thanh pho Ho Ch Minh phan tch ). Nhn chung chat lng nc mat trong he thong song suoi tnh Bnh Dng hien nay a b o nhiem hu c va vi sinh nhe, co the s dung ti tieu cho nong nghiep, song khong at TCVN 5942-1995 loai A, neu dung lam nc cap sinh hoat th phai qua x ly. Cu the nh sau : - Mot so vung au nguon ven song ong Nai va Sai Gon chat lng nc con tng oi tot, tiep en la mot so vung thuoc loai nc mat trung bnh cac huyen Ben Cat, Tan Uyen, Phu Giao. Con lai vung trung tam th xa Thu Dau Mot, Thuan An, D An b o nhiem nhe hu c va vi sinh. - Ngoai ra vung Thuan An, th xa va len tan Phu An - Ben Cat con b o nhiem do xam nhap man vi ham lng muoi 1,5%0. ong thi khu vc Thuan An a hnh thap nen hay b ung ngap cac kenh rach va ong ruong, gay o nhiem mot so ni do nc tu ong nhat la khi ho Dau Tieng xa nc. b. Nc ngam Nc ngam tnh Bnh Dng tng oi phong phu, c ton tai di 2 dang la lo hong va khe nt (a mo ta trong chng I). Chat lng nc ngam kha tot co the s dung e phuc vu cho sinh hoat, cong nghiep va ti tieu. a so cac thanh phan hoa hoc, vi sinh eu at tieu chuan, rieng o pH tat ca cac ni eu thap khong at tieu chuan cho phep. Ket qua quan trac mot so ch tieu c ban nc ngam ( ket qua trung bnh cua cac t quan trac) :
V tr lay mau pH Cng mg CaCO3/l Coliform MNP/100ml Fecal Coli MNP/100ml NaCl %0 Fe mg/l SO4 mg/l NO2-N mg/l

X T

.V

Mach nong

NNTX1 NNLT1 NNDA1 NNTUI NNBC1

5,15 7,70 4,80 5,35 5,05

39 14 35 15 39

7 8 KPH KPH 123 Mach sau

KPH KPH KPH


KPH KPH

0,3 0,0 0,2 0,0 0,1

0,09 0,04 0,04 0,05 0,07

14
KPH KPH KPH KPH

0,0060 0,0040 0,0255 0,0080 0,0050

NNTX2 NNLT2 NNDA2 NNTU2 NNBC2 NNPG


TCVN 5944-1995

4,70 5,10 4,80 4,60 5,10 4,50


6,58,8

29 17 42 17 19 17
300-500

KPH KPH

KPH KPH

0,2 0,0 0,1 0,0 0,0 0,0


-

0,06 0,05 0,04 0,03 0,04 0,43


1-5

14 14 KPH KPH KPH KPH 200400

0,0040 0,0020 0,0270 0,0005 0,0045 0,0425


-

KPH KPH 3

Ghi chu :

NNTX1: so 2, Thch Quang c, Phu Cng, Thu Dau Mot. NNTX2: 43/11, Van Cong Khai, Phu Cng, Thu Dau Mot NNLT1: 195A, to 3, th tran Lai Thieu, Thuan An. NNLT2: 126/50, to 7, Gia Long, th tran Lai Thieu, Thuan An NNDA1 : nha dan th tran D An NNDA2 : Khu cong ngiep Song Than NNTU1: 1315/4, to 39, ap 4, Lac An, Tan Uyen NNTU2: 226 to 6, ap 1, Uyen Hng, Tan Uyen NNBC1: 100, to 1, ap 4, Th tran My Phc, Ben Cat

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N
KPH KPH KPH 0

KPH

NNBC2 : 1/282, to 4, khu 3, Ben Cat NNPG : gieng cap nc khu vc Phu Giao. Qua ket qua phan tch chat lng nc ngam nam 2000 cua mot so gieng ao, gieng khoan tai a ban th xa Thu Dau Mot, Thuan An, Ben Cat, Tan Uyen cho thay: - oi vi cac gieng khoan cong nghiep, nc ngam mach sau co o sau t 40m tr len, co chat lng nc tot, at tieu chuan cho phep ( TCVN 5944-1995), khong b nhiem chat hu c, nhng o pH hi thap (4,8-5,7). - oi vi cac gieng ao mach nong ben canh o pH thap nh ac trng cua nc ngam tnh Bnh Dng th a so a b nhiem ban, co s hien dien ham lng NO2- N va nhiem khuan Coliform nang nh cac gieng Thuan An, Th xa, Ben Cat nhiem, co ni Coliform vt tieu chuan cho phep en 41 lan, cac thong so hoa ly c ban khac eu at TCVN 5944-1995, mot so gieng a co dau hieu b xam nhap man ( 0,1 - 0,2%0) . Ngoai ra so lieu thanh, kiem tra moi trng con cho thay co mot so gieng mach nong vung trung ven song Sai Gon nh Bnh Nham, An Sn, Vnh Phu eu b nhiem phen, hoac mot so gieng nc ngam mach nong khu ong dan c nh th tran D An, th xa Thu Dau Mot va mot so ni gan cac c s cong nghiep nh Cong ty cao su Phc Hoa, bai rac Hiep Thanh nc b o nhiem hu c co mui hoi khong the s dung c. Nhn chung nc ngam mach nong tai Bnh Dng a cuc bo co mot so ni b o nhiem nhe can phai khuyen cao nhan dan khong nen dung nc gieng ao mach nong va co bien phap ngan nga o nhiem tch cc hn, e bao ve nguon nc ngam phong phu cua tnh nha.

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2. Moi trng khong kh : Bnh Dng vi ieu kien kh hau nong am, nhiet o khong kh cao co anh hng trc tiep ti s lan truyen, phat tan cac chat o nhiem trong khong kh. Hien nay tai Bnh Dng co qua trnh cong nghiep hoa, o th hoa ang tang nhanh la nguyen nhan gay o nhiem moi trng khong kh. Qua so lieu khao sat chat lng khong kh tai 7 KCN va 7 huyen th cho thay nh sau ( Xem so lieu phan phu luc ): Vi 53 iem o chat lng khong kh tren a ban tnh th van e o nhiem chnh la bui khu vc th xa Thu Dau Mot, cac th tran va cac iem nut giao thong, ni ang tien hanh sa sang ng sa, mat o xe co i lai nhieu ( nong o bui vt tieu chuan 2,7 lan ). Ngoai ra, nong o bui cac khu vc nong thon, nhng ni co

ong ruong, vn cay ... eu nam trong gii han cho phep ( 0,12 - 0,28 mg/m3). Tuy nhien, qua so lieu thanh tra, kiem tra cuc bo theo n khieu nai th mot so vung khai thac che bien khoang san at, a co ni nong o bui t 15-25mg/m3 , vt tieu chuan cho phep hn 80 lan. Ngoai ch tieu ve bui th cac ch tieu khac nh : SO2, NO2, CO, THC trong phong moi trng chung cua tnh, ang mc cha vt tieu chuan cho phep. Song van can phai quan tam en mot so ni cuc bo nh moi trng khong kh xung quanh nha may che bien mu cao su, che bien hat ieu, cac trai chan nuoi, cac c s che bien thc an gia suc, cac n v san xuat thuoc bao ve thc vat, cac c s san xuat gom s gach ngoi nam xen lan trong khu dan c. Hau het cac c s tren la nguon gay o nhiem mui hoi, kh thai anh hng xau ti chat lng khong kh xung quanh va i song cua dan vung lan can. Cu the so lieu o ac t cac nha may che bien mu cao su cho thay nong o tong cac hp chat hu c co ni len ti 14,5 mg/m3, tai cac nha may che bien hat ieu nong o phenol t khoang 0,18 - 0,8 mg/m3 vt tieu chuan cho phep t 18 - 80 lan hoac tai cac khu san xuat gom s gach ngoi Thuan An nong o bui vt 2,6 - 8,7 lan, con nong o HF t 0,05 - 0,21 mg/m3 vt tieu chuan t 2,5 - 10,5 lan. Qua o cho thay nhng nguon gay o nhiem khong kh can c quan tam o la: + Nguon o nhiem do hoat ong cong nghiep va tieu thu cong nghiep cua mot so nganh nghe gay o nhiem. + Nguon gay o nhiem do khai thac che bien khoang san, qua trnh xay dng va giao thong van tai. - Van e tieng on : Qua ket qua o ac mot so ni cac nut giao thong va dan c cho thay tieng on trung bnh dien ben t 55 - 90dBA. Tai cac truc giao thong chnh cua th xa va cac huyen, hoac cac ni co cong trnh xay dng ln th eu b o nhiem on vi mc o cao. o on cao nhat at 90dBA tai cong ga xe la Song Than va tai cac nga 4, nga 6, nga 3 cua th xa va cac huyen. Con cac vung nong thon, vn cay th o on tng oi thap ( 55 dBA) Nhan xet chung ve hien trang chat lng khong kh : - Chat gay o nhiem: moi trng khong kh tnh Bnh Dng hien tai chu yeu b o nhiem do bui, ve phng dien cac thong so hoa hoc cha b o nhiem. Mc o on tai cac vung o th, ng giao thong cao hn gii han tieu chuan mc on khu dan c. - Ve mc o o nhiem : Trong mua ma, mc o o nhiem bui co xu hng giam so vi mua kho va thi iem giao mua. Tieng on thng vut tieu chuan 1,2 1,3 lan so vi tieu chuan tai cac ni co o on cao.

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- V tr o nhiem: vung o nhiem bui tram trong nhat thuoc khu vc doc cac ng quoc lo 13, T 743 va cac truc giao thong trong iem khac, cac vung khai thac khoang san, at set, cao lanh, a.. - Cac loai o nhiem cuc bo: Van e o nhiem khong kh cua tnh Bnh Dng chu yeu la bui va tieng on, tuy nhien van e o nhiem khong kh con xay ra tai mot so vung cuc bo, v du nh vung san xuat gom s Lai Thieu, Hng Loc, An Thanh, Thuan An va Tan Phc Khanh - Tan Uyen (o nhiem bui va kh HF), vung lan can cac nha may che bien mu cao su, thc an gia suc, hat ieu ( o nhiem mui hoi va hi dungmoi ).

III. moi trng o th


1. Tnh hnh phat trien o th : Trong nam qua song song vi s phat trien kinh te mot cach nhanh chong, viec o th hoa tnh Bnh Dng cung dien ra rat nhanh, ac biet la th xa Thu Dau Mot va cac huyen Thuan An, D An, s gia tang dan so chiem ty le kha ln, nguyen nhan chu yeu la do s di dan t vung nong thon en thanh th, t cac tnh mien Trung, mien Bac, ni co thu nhap thap en ni co thu nhap cao, e lam viec cac KCN va cac c s cong nghiep tai Bnh Dng. So lieu thong ke nh sau :

n v hanh chnh

Dan so nam 1999

Th xa Thu Dau Mot Thuan An & D An

144.579

Mot so ieu chnh ve quy hoach cac huyen, th sau khi tai lap, quy hoach chi tiet au t cac khu o th, khu dan c mi va nha cho ngi co thu nhap thap, quy hoach mang li ch a c thong qua nen viec thc hien au t, phat trien o th a am bao ung muc tieu va nh hng chung. Tnh hnh phat trien ket cau ha tang kinh te va van hoa xa hoi a huy ong c nhieu nguon von phat trien he thong giao thong, cai thien bo mat o th vi cac cong trnh trong iem nh ai lo Bnh Dng, DT 743, DT745, DT746... Phong trao lam ng giao thong nong thon va chnh trang o th tiep tuc c ay manh vi 805 cong trnh, chu yeu la sa cha va nang cap vi tong kinh ph 26,7 ty ong. au t phat trien c 84 cong trnh ien, phat trien 37 km ng day trung the, 79 km ng day ha the, 48 km ng day chieu sang, co them 4.800 ho s dung ien, nang ty le ho s dung ien cua tnh len 88%. au t xay dng mi 14 iem bu ien van hoa xa, nang so xa co iem bu ien van hoa len 34 iem. Tiep tuc

208.364

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Dan so nam 2000

Dan so tang

148.645 214.656

4.066 6.292

( Nguon : Cuc thong ke tnh Bnh Dng )

m mang cap va phu song ien thoai, lap at them c 12.000 may thue bao mi, nang ty le 5,93 may/ 100 dan. Cac khu dan c va nha cung dan c au t, nhat la khu nha cho ngi co thu nhap thap, toan tnh hien nay co 25 khu dan c va nha vi tong dien tch 550 ha. Toc o phat trien kinh te, nhat la cong nghiep va s hnh thanh nhanh chong cac o th, khu dan c la mot ap lc ngay cang ln cho viec bao ve moi trng cua tnh. 2.Tnh hnh ve he thong giao thong- van tai, cap thoat nc - Toan tnh co 1.790 tuyen ng vi 4325km dai, trong o ng BT nha la 191km, ng lang nha la 423km, ng soi o, ng at la 3.711km. Ve giao thong ng thuy toan tnh co hai tuyen song ong Nai t Hieu Liem ve Thi Hoa ( Tan Uyen ) va tuyen song Sai Gon t Dau Tieng ve Thuan An. Chu yeu tren 2 tuyen giao thong thuy nay ch van chuyen cat, mot so vat lieu xay dng, cac mat hang gom s ... co trong tai tren 100 tan. Ngoai ra, tuyen Song Be va song Th Tnh co 22km cac loai ghe thuyen trong tai di 100 tan c lu hanh. Ca tnh ch co mot cang Ba Lua, qui mo nho a va ang c nang cap m rong. Nhn chung khoi lng van chuyen ng thuy khong nhieu, con lai chu yeu do ng bo am nhiem. - Tong so au xe hoat ong tren toan tnh la 7.666 cac loai ( cha ke xe cai tien, xe phuc vu van chuyen noi bo, xe cua cac Cong ty ). Ve phng tien van tai thuy noi a co 236 tau thuyen ln nho vi tong trong tai la 6.960 tan va 372 ghe hanh khach. Nhn chung trong nam qua giao thong van tai co nhieu chuyen bien, a c quan tam au t cai tao ap ng nhu cau phuc vu san xuat va i lai cua nhan dan, song ty le ng nha va ng be tong van thap, co nhieu ni b h hong xuong cap, giao thong thuy cha c chu trong. Tnh trang xe gan may tang nhanh gay ap lc ln trong giao thong, lam cho cong tac an toan giao thong gap phai kho khan. Hoat ong giao thong van tai gia tang cung gay ap lc khong nho oi vi moi trng. trung tam o th van e o nhiem bui la chu yeu, mc o nhiem bui cang gia tang khi phong trao lam ng giao thong va chnh trang o th dien ra tren toan tnh. Vung o nhiem bui tram trong nhat la cac oan ng ang thi cong, cac truc giao thong trong iem, nhat la vao mua kho. Ben canh o con co nguon o nhiem do khoi thai cua cac xe lu thong tren ng, mat o xe lu thong cao, tai lng o nhiem cac chat thai cang cao.

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- Thc trang he thong cap va thoat nc : Tren a ban tnh Bnh Dng hien co 01 th xa Thu Dau Mot, 8 th tran la trung tam kinh te, chnh tr van hoa xa hoi cua cac huyen th. Song ch co he thong cap nc cua th xa Thu Dau Mot la tng oi kha, con cac th tran th ang la van e can phai quan tam nhieu. Hien tai th

xa co nha may nc mat cong suat 21.600m3/ ngay.em va 5.000m3/ ngay.em nc ngam vi chieu dai tuyen ong dan 44.300m, 100 - 400mm. Trong nam qua Bnh Dng a khi cong xay dng them Nha may nc D An va m rong pham vi phuc vu cua cac nha may nc. Cac th tran nh Lai Thieu, D An, My Phc co he thong cap nc chung nhng cha hoan chnh t nha may en he thong ng ong. Con cac th tran khac nh Uyen Hng, Dau Tieng, An Thanh ... van cha co he thong nc sach ma eu do dan t khoan gieng nc ngam s dung. ong thi vi cap nc la thoat nc, nhn chung tai th xa va cac th tran tnh Bnh Dng van e thoat nc ang mc rat thap. Hien tai ch co cum o th Thuan An va th xa Thu Dau Mot la phat trien tng oi ay u so vi cac cum o th khac trong tnh nen he thong cap thoat nc trong vung tng oi ay u. Nguon tiep nhan nc thai cua khu vc nay chu yeu la song Sai Gon. Khu vc nong thon chu yeu thoat nc bang phng phap t tham, do nong thon he thong c s ha tang cha hoan thien, he thong thoat nc cha c xay dng hoac chnh trang. Rieng th xa Thu Dau Mot, vi tong lng nc thai sinh hoat c tnh khoang 300m3/ngay. em eu xa vao he thong kenh rach xuong song Sai Gon qua gan 50 iem xa tap trung, con lng nc thai t tham hoac xa vao cac ruong lua th cha thong ke c. Co the chia mang li thoat nc cua th xa lam hai phan : Phan pha Tay co mang li thu nc thai va xa thang xuong song Sai Gon; phan pha ong chu yeu la xa ra ong ruong hoac t tham, ai lo Bnh Dng phan cach th xa thanh hai lu vc thoat nc vi hai o doc nghieng ve hai pha khac nhau, phan nc thai pha Tay a co dau hieu gay o nhiem en nc song Sai Gon. Mac du cung vi phong trao giao thong nong thon va chnh trang o th cac tuyen ng noi o th tran, th t a c lap at he thong cong thoat nc, mot so kenh rach trong nh : rach cau Ba Hen, rach cau thay Nang, Rach cau cay Tram ( Cau Ngang )... a c xay dng b ke, nao vet, thong dong e giam tnh trang ngap nc vao mua ma va khi trieu cng, nhng van cha cai thien c het thc trang thoat nc cho cac cum o th ang va ang phat trien. Ben canh o cac trng hp lan chiem long rach o rac thai, gay nen boi lang tac nghen, dan en cac mng thoat nc ngay cang hep dan, gay hoi thoi anh hng en canh quan o th va sc khoe cong ong. Tuy vay trong nam qua vi s no lc ln, Bnh Dng cung a hoan thanh hoan chnh he thong thoat nc Bnh Hoa va tiep tuc au t cai tao, nang cap he thong thoat nc cho th xa Thu Dau Mot va he thong thoat nc cac th tran, th t. 3. Tnh hnh ve sinh o th : Tnh hnh ve sinh o th Bnh Dng chu yeu la th xa Thu Dau Mot va cac th tran nh An Thanh, Lai Thieu , D An. Van e noi com ay la he thong thoat

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nc, van e o nhiem nguon nc cua cac kenh rach i qua o th va rac thai sinh hoat. He thong thoat nc o th con rat bat cap, nh a neu phan tnh hnh cap thoat nc. Phan ln mng thoat nc trong noi o a xuong cap nen khi ma xuong gay ra ngap ung mot so tuyen ng. Tuy nhien trong thi gian qua, toan tnh a thc hien cong tac chnh trang o th, a nang cap m rong ng, xay dng va he, he thong thoat nc, en chieu sang, be tong hoa cac con hem ... Tai Th xa a duy tr thng xuyen viec hot, quet don ve sinh trong khu vc noi o. Ket qua thc hien cong tac ve sinh o th va chnh trang o th cua th xa Thu Dau Mot la thng xuyen nao vet khi thong cong ranh noi o, a nao vet c 13.588m mng va 283 ho ga. Quet, hot cat le ng c 1213m3, day co 1104m, a van chuyen 9744 xe rac va 1.458 xe bun en ni quy nh. oi vi rac thai o th hien nay tren toan tnh eu ang trong tnh trang: tat ca rac sinh hoat va mot phan nho rac thai y te o chung vao cac bai cha rac, khong hp ve sinh, khong qua bc phan loai hay bien phap x ly nao, cha ung quy cach, ma chu yeu tan dung bai at trong, hoac cac ham at sau khai thac do vay khong am bao ve sinh moi trng. Hien trang cac bai cha rac thai tai Bnh Dng nh sau : - Th xa Thu Dau Mot - Huyen Thuan An - Huyen D An - Huyen Ben Cat

- Huyen Tan Uyen - Huyen Phu Giao

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Tong Khoi

: 7.000 m , cach th xa 2,5 km

: 10.000 m2 , cach th tran 2,5 km : 5.000 m2 , cach th tran 2,0 km

.V

: 3.500 m2 , cach th tran 6 km : 20.000 m2 , cach th tran 5 km : 6.800 m2 , cach th tran 2 km : Co bai rac nhng cha co thong tin chnh xac

- Huyen Dau Tieng

So lieu thong ke so lng va hien trang thu gom chat thai sinh hoat hien nay tren a ban tnh:

TT

n v hanh chnh

Hien trang thu gom (tan/ngay) Khoi lng 60 24 % Thu gom 66 31

lng CTRSH 1 2 Th xa Thu Dau Mot Huyen Thuan An 90 78,3

3 4 5 6 7

Huyen D An Huyen Ben Cat Huyen Tan Uyen Huyen Phu Giao Huyen Dau Tieng Tong cong:

58,3 41,5 41,3 31,3 31,3 372

20 5,0 5,0 3,0 3,0 120

34 12 12 10 8 32

oi vi rac thai benh vien tai Bnh Dng : Trong 05 benh vien va cac trung tam y te a co s phan loai rac, song qua trnh x ly lai cha thc hien tot, hien tai tat ca cac trung tam y te eu co lo ot rac, con benh vien tnh vi hn 540 ging benh ( ke ca benh nhan Bnh Phc ) a xay dng lo ot rac va benh pham, nam 2001 bat au a vao van hanh. Rieng trong lnh vc y te t nhan lng bong bang, kim chch van cha c thu gom x ly ma o vao bai rac chung cua th xa Thu Dau Mot, ay la ieu khong the chap nhan c va neu khong co bien phap x ly kp thi se gay tac hai nghiem trong en moi trng va sc khoe cong ong. Nhn chung en nay viec cong nghiep hoa, o th hoa tai tnh Bnh Dng dien ra kha nhanh, cong tac quy hoach quan ly o th cung at c mot so ket qua nhat nh, noi bat nhat co the ke en mot so van e nh sau: - au t xay dng va a vao van hanh 5 he thong x ly nc thai, 5 lo ot rac tai 5 benh vien huyen va tnh. am bao 100% cac benh vien eu co he thong x ly nc thai va lo ot rac. - Xay dng hoan thanh nha may x ly nc cap, cai tao nang cao cong suat nc cung cap cho sinh hoat va san xuat len 21.000m3/ngay, gop phan am bao nc sach cho ngi dan th xa TDM. ong thi a va ang xay dng mi mot so cong trnh cap nc nh nha may nc D An cong suat 30.000 m3/ngay. em va mot so cong trnh quy mo va va nho cho cac th tran, cac khu dan c (Phc Vnh, Uyen Hng ... ) - Tien hanh quy hoach mot khu x ly rac thai tap trung cho toan tnh tai huyen Tan Uyen vi quy mo giai oan 1 la 81 ha. Hien nay ang keu goi d an au t. - Cong tac chnh trang o th (nang cap m rong ng giao thong, xay dng va he, he thong thoat nc, chieu sang, be tong hoa cac con hem va trong cay xanh ... ) c ay manh a em lai bo mat mi cho cac khu o th, th tran, noi bat nhat la th xa Thu Dau Mot. Ben canh cac thanh qua at c, cung co mot so han che nhat nh nh: - Nguon nc cua cac kenh rach trong cac khu o th (rach Ong anh, rach Ba Hen, rach Ba Lua - Th xa TDM, rach Lai Thieu, rach Ba Hiep, rach Bun-

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Thuan An ...) ang b o nhiem nang do nc thai, rac thai o th o vao gay tac nghen, hoi thoi anh hng en canh quan o th va sc khoe cong ong. - Moi trng khong kh trong cac khu o th, khu tap trung dan c ang b o nhiem va co xu hng ngay cang tang, trong o ch th o nhiem chnh la bui do qua trnh lam ng giao thong va tieng on, hai tac nhan nay a co nhng tac hai oi vi sc khoe cua cong ong song anh hng nay ch la tam thi trong thi gian chnh trang o th.

IV. Hien trang moi trng nong thon va nong nghiep :


1. Hien trang s dung phan bon va s dung thuoc bao ve thc vat trong san xuat nong nghiep : e lng vat t nong nghiep en tan tay ngi nong dan ap ng kp thi cho san xuat va phong tr sau, benh vi chu trng phat trien manh cac ai ly vat t nong nghiep, thu y va bao ve thc vat vung xa, en nay toan tnh co 192 c s kinh doanh thuoc bao ve thc vat, 80 ai ly kinh doanh vat t nong nghiep, 60 ai ly va iem ban thuoc thu y. Trong nam 2000, Cong ty Vat t nong nghiep a cung ng c 32.398 tan phan bon, 202 tan thuoc tr sau cac loai. Trong san xuat nong nghiep viec s dung phan bon, thuoc bao ve thc vat cho cay trong la ieu can thiet. Xu hng s dung van cac loai thuoc tr sau pho rong, tc la vi mot loai thuoc tr sau co the cung mot luc diet c nhieu loai sau benh cho cay trong. Cac loai cay trong ma thng c nong dan dung thuoc tr sau la : cac loai cay ho rau, ho au, ho ca va cay lua, v s dung cac loai thuoc tr sau pho rong do o de dan en lam dung thuoc tr sau va gay anh hng en moi trng song cua con ngi. Nen e han che viec lam dung thuoc tr sau va phan bon, nhng nam qua Bnh Dng a a chng trnh quan ly dch hai tong hp ( IPM) tren cac loai cay trong. ac biet trong nam qua, Bnh Dng a tien hanh cong tac ieu tra thong ke cac loai thuoc bao ve thc vat qua han, cam s dung can phai tieu huy theo s ch ao cua Bo Khoa hoc Cong Nghe & Moi trng tai cong van so 3537/BKHCNMTMTg ngay 24/11/2000. Ket qua tren toan tnh co 2.139,5 kg thuoc bao ve thc vat thuoc danh muc cam s dung va 2.599,95 kg thuoc bao ve thc vat a qua han, khoi lng nay khong ln lam so vi cac tnh thanh khac. Thc te la cac doanh nghiep san xuat kinh doanh thuoc bao ve thc vat tren ia ban tnh eu thc hien tot quy nh cua Nha nc ve viec khong kinh doanh thuoc BVTV cam s dung. Lng thuoc thuoc bao ve thc vat cam s dung tren la thuoc a c Chi cuc Bao ve thc vat kiem tra thu gi trong nhng thi gian trc ay, lng thuoc nay hien ang c lu gi trong kho e ch x ly. Con so lng thuoc qua han chu yeu tap trung cac doanh nghiep san xuat thuoc bao ve thc vat do hang ton kho khong ban c hoac chat lng bao b xuong cap. Hien nay cac doanh nghiep nay

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ang co ke hoach lay mau phan tch chat lng thuoc e xay dng phng an pha che lai nguon thuoc tren. 2. Chng trnh quan ly dch hai tong hp (IPM) Nam 2000, chng trnh IPM van hoat ong hieu qua vi s tai tr kinh ph cua to chc FAO va mot phan kinh ph t ngan sach a phng. Bang chng trnh nay, co 23 lp huan luyen cho nong dan vung sau, vung xa c to chc chu yeu tren cay lua, cay rau, lp quan ly chuot... vi tren 450 lt nong dan tham d. Nham duy tr va phat trien hoat ong IPM tai cac xa bang chnh nong dan a c trang b kien thc ve IPM qua cac lp huan luyen, chng trnh tiep tuc trien khai cac nghien cu ong ruong nh ve trac nghiem bo giong lua, giong da leo, lieu lng phan bon... Cac noi dung thc hien nay do chnh cac nong dan e xuat t thc te san xuat cua a phng. Nhng hoat ong sau lp huan luyen a giup cho nong dan trao oi thong tin en cac nong dan khac, phat trien nhng kien thc sau cac lp huan luyen. Trong nam, tuy kinh ph au t cho hoat ong cua cac cau lac bo co thu hep nhng 23 cau lac bo IPM a ket hp cung vi 46 cau lac bo khuyen nong duy tr sinh hoat vi cac noi dung, e tai thiet thc en san xuat cua ba con nong dan Chng trnh quan ly dch hai tong hp IPM a mang lai li ch lau dai, khong nhng giam so lan dung, lieu lng thuoc ma nong dan sau khi hoc con biet dung cac chung loai thuoc co o oc t hn khi can thiet, viec nay gop phan bao ve thien ch va nhng sinh vat thuy sinh trong ruong lua, gi c can bang sinh thai gia cac nhom sinh vat, gop phan lam trong sach moi trng. 3. Chng trnh nc sach va ve sinh moi trng nong thon: - Van e nc sach : khu vc thanh th, ngoai khu vc trung tam th xa Thu Dau Mot, mot so trung tam th tran a va ang c cung cap nc sach nh : th tran Lai Thieu, th tran Phc Vnh, th tran D An, th tran Uyen Hng. Cac th tran con lai nh My Phc, An Thanh, Tan Phc Khanh, Dau Tieng van cha c cung cap nc sach. khu vc nong thon trong nam 2000, chng trnh nc sach nong thon a au t phuc vu cap nc sach cho 2316 ho, c phan dan t lam la 2% th co khoang 2.604 ho s dung nc sach, nang tong so ho s dung nc sach tren toan tnh len 82.826 ho, at ty le 70,8%, tang 5,5% ty le dan so s dung nc sach so vi nam 1999. Trong o khu vc thanh th la 71%, nong thon la 68,5%. Ty le dan so s dung nc sach chia theo tng huyen tnh en cuoi nam 2000 nh sau :
TT Huyen/ th Ty le dan so s dung nc sach ( % )

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Khu vc thanh th 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Toan tnh Tan Uyen Phu Giao Ben Cat Dau Tieng Thu Dau Mot Thuan An D An 71 52 100 65 6 96 88 11

Khu vc nong thon 68,5 66 43 43 40 86 90,8 88

( Nguon : Chi Cuc quan ly nc) Tuy vay, tnh hnh trien khai cac d an cap nc nho, le a phng van con cham, ch at 585/1.511 trieu ( 39% ke hoach ). Nguyen nhan la do Chng trnh nay c ban giao ve cac huyen, th e t thc hien, song con thieu can bo co chuyen mon nen viec xay dng cac d an kha thi trnh duyet con cham. - Van e rau sach : D an Mo hnh ra an toan van c thc hien chuyen tiep t nam 1999 sang, 18 ho nong dan a ky hp ong san xuat rau theo tieu chuan an toan vi dien tch 21.350m2 tren 14 chung loai rau khac nhau, qua o a cung cap tong cong 7.494kg rau sach cho cac ca hang ban rau sach trong tnh. Trong khuon kho cua d an nay, a tien hanh tap huan ky thuat trong ra an toan cho 425 nong dan san xuat cac phng tap trung vung trong rau cua th xa Thu Dau Mot. Ngoai d an Mo hnh rau an toan do nguon kinh ph tnh au t, e m rong dien tch trong rau sach phuc vu ngi tieu dung, cac huyen cung a t tien hanh th nghiem phng phap trong rau sach tren a ban cua mnh. Nh huyen Thuan An a tien hanh th nghiem rau an toan tai xa Thuan Giao tren da leo, hanh la va kho qua. ay la mot iem ang khch le va se nhanh chong c nhan rong trong nhng nam ti. - Van e ve sinh sinh hoat nong thon: Ve van e ve sinh trong sinh hoat nong thon van ang con bo ngo, trong nam 1999 a d kien au t 117 trieu ong cho cong tac to chc tuyen truyen va xay dng mo hnh nha ve sinh nong thon hp ve sinh, xa gieng nc, nhng van khong thc hien c. Trong nam 2000, cong tac ve sinh moi trng nong thon ch dng lai viec truyen thong tai mot so xa iem. Nguyen nhan la do chc nang quan ly nha nc ve ve sinh moi trng nong thon cha c thc hien ay u va con nhieu lung tung, nh hng oi tng e giai quyet con han che.

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Tom lai, theo quy hoach nong nghiep cua tnh Bnh Dng en nam 2010 th Bnh Dng se tien hanh theo hng phan vung chuyen canh e s dung toi u tai nguyen thien nhien ac biet la tai nguyen at, nc, gop phan bao ve tot moi trng. ng dung phng phap quan ly dinh dng INM va ng dung phng phap phong tr dch hai tong hp (IPM) han che lng thuoc tr sau va phan bon, gam thieu toi a lng hoa chat oc hai thai vao moi trng. Ngoai ra tnh cung a nh hng tang t le che phu at bang cay lau nam cac vung chuyen canh vi dien tch cay lau nam 145.058ha (tnh en nam 2010) a t le che phu at at 65% la ch tieu ly tng, am bao tao la phoi xanh cho o th va cac khu cong nghiep Bnh Dng cung nh vung phat trien kinh te trong iem pha Nam. 4. Hien trang moi trng cac c s san xuat tieu thu cong nghiep va cong nghiep nho nong thon : nong thon a so la cac c s cong nghiep che bien nong lam san hoac cac lo gach gom s, cac trai chan nuoi quy mo nho. Qua bao cao cua S Nong nghiep phat trien nong thon cho biet moi trng cac c s san xuat tieu thu cong nhiep va cong nghiep nho nong thon tng oi t o nhiem. Cac chat thai ay chu yeu la dam bao, mat ca, giay vun, nc thai sinh hoat ... Tuy nhien van co mot so t c s gay o nhiem moi trng nhieu nh cac c s san xuat mu cao su, thc an gia suc, bot giay hoac cac trai ga, lo mo gia suc, gia cam, ke ca cac lo gom s gach ngoi a neu tren. Co the noi tat ca cac chat thai ( kh thai, nc thai, rac thai ) cua cac c s san xuat nho nong thon eu xa thang vao moi trng khong qua mot bien phap x ly nao. Phan ln cac trai chan nuoi cha at c yeu cau ve ve sinh chuong trai, cac chat thai khong c x ly kp thi, gay anh hng en moi trng xung quanh. Trc mat, van e moi trng cac c s nho nay cha cap bach lam nhng ve lau dai neu khong co bien phap quan ly va khac phuc hu hieu se gay anh hng xau ti moi trng vung nong thon cua tnh.

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5. Trang trai va tnh hnh moi trng trang trai Bnh Dng : Theo tieu ch xac nh loai hnh kinh te trang trai cua Bo Nong nghiep & PTNT va Tong Cuc thong ke toan tnh co 1.725 trang trai, trong o co 92% trang trai trong cay lau nam va cay an qua, 7,1% trang trai chan nuoi vi tong ien tch at la 17.529ha. Mo hnh kinh te trang trai at hieu qua kinh doanh kha cao, khai thac tot nhng tiem nang the manh cua at ai, lao ong, von ky thuat... gop phan vao qua trnh phat trien kinh te xa hoi, tac ong thay oi kinh te nganh va c cau kinh te vung, gop phan pha the oc canh, tao ra san pham ngay cang tang. Van e moi trng cac trang trai khong co nhieu noi com, v chu yeu la cac trang trai trong trot. Tap trung van la cac trang trai chan nuoi va trong trot ket hp che bien nhng loai hnh nay chiem mot ty le nho, mac du cac chat thai cua

cac trang trai nay cung khong c x ly trc khi thai ra ngoai, nhng do co dien tch at ai kha rong nen t to chc thu gom lu gi e phan huy trc khi thai ra hoac dung lam phan bon hoac chat ot trong noi bo trang trai.

V. Hien trang tai nguyen rng :


1. Thc trang rng va cay rng : Theo ket qua kiem ke rng cua Chi Cuc Kiem Lam Bnh Dng nam 1999 th : tong dien tch rng va at rng la : 19.633,50ha. Trong o : - a phng quan ly : 18.257,50ha. - Cac n v Trung ng ong tren a ban tnh cung to chc kiem ke rng bao ve Trung ng vi dien tch : 1.376ha. Dien tch rng va cac loai at ai nh sau : n v tnh : ha Chc nang ac dung
92 92 62 62 30 -

TT

Loai at ai

Tong

Dien tch t nhien 1 A at co rng Rng t nhien Rng go Rng non co tr lng

Rng non cha co tr lng B Rng trong Rng go co tr lng Rng go cha co tr lng C 2 3 Rng cay lau nam ( cao su, ieu, an trai ). at trong ( trong giao khoan, at nong nghiep ) at khac

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18.257,5

11.304,5

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-

Phong ho

N
461 461 136,6 8,6 128 632,2 2.789 34,6

Kinh te
14.112,1 9.982,7 3.578 326,6 3.251,4 1.488,9 489,7 1.005,2 4.915,8 2.427,6 1.701,8

4.053,4

1.229,8

4.101

326,6

3.774,4 1.625,5 429,3 1.133,2 5.578 5.216,6 1.736,4

Do dien tch rng t nhien b thu hep lai nen san xuat a chuyen han t khai thac sang trong va bao dng rng, tan thu lam san, xay dng va bao ve rng au nguon, rng phong ho gan vi nh canh, nh c, giao at giao rng, nhan khoan trong va cham soc rng, phu xanh at trong.

2. Cong tac trong cay gay rng va trong cay phan tan : Thc hien muc tieu xay dng va phat trien von rng trong nam qua Bnh Dng a trong c 40,8ha rng tap trung ( loai cay dau va xa c ) nang dien tch rng trong tap trung do ngan sach au t t nam 1997 en nay len 140,1ha. Ben canh cong tac trong rng th cong tac cham soc, phong tr sau benh cho toan bo dien tch tren cung c thc hien, lam cho cay trong phat trien tot, ty le song at tren 95%. Nam 2000, chao mng cac ngay le ln, hng ng phong trao xanh, sach, ep, cung vi phong trao chnh trang o th, toan tnh a tien hanh trong khoang 339.282 cay lam nghiep phan tan khap ni trong tnh ( bang von ngan sach ), tng ng vi 353 ha rng trong tap trung va tan dung c dien tch at ai hien con, at hoang khong san xuat nong nghiep c. Ngoai so cay do van ngan sach cap, nh thc hien tot viec tuyen truyen, van ong nen trong nam 2000 a co nhieu ca nhan, to chc a tch cc hng ng tham gia va t bo von au t t trong, t hng, trong c 752.708 cay lam nghiep cac loai tng ng 564,2ha, nang so cay lam nghiep trong trong nam 2000 la 1.091.990 cay tng ng 917,2ha, ty le cay song cua ca nam 2000 at bnh quan 88,74%. Nhn chung t nam 1997 en nay, Bnh Dng a trong c 2.081.474 cay, tng ng 2.375,2ha rng trong tap trung. Ket qua cu the nh sau :
STT Nam

So cay trong phan

1 2 3 4

1997 1998 1999 2000

tan

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( cay ) 214.177 398.266 377.041 1.091.999

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Tng ng dien tch trong tap trung ( ha ) 300 560 598 917,2

Nguon : Chi Cuc Kiem lam tnh Bnh Dng. Qua viec phat ong phong trao trong cay gay rng t nhng nam qua cho thay phong trao trong cay gay rng a mang lai hieu qua cho ngi dan, dien tch trong cay gay rng a gop phan nang dan o che phu cua tnh len 47% cung nh gop phan cung cap them lng go, cui cho cac nhu cau san xuat va tieu dung. 3. Cong tac giao at, khoan rng :

Nham nang cao va phat huy trach nhiem cua chnh quyen cap huyen, xa trong cong tac bao ve rng, at rng, trong nam 2000 a tien hanh giao dien tch rng va at rng cho cac huyen quan ly theo tham quyen lanh tho vi dien tch 18.257,5 ha. Cac xa, huyen a phat huy vai tro cua mnh trong viec quan ly va bao ve rng, t chu ong ch ao cac nganh trong huyen ho tr lc lng kiem lam trong viec tuan tra bao ve rng, huy ong lc lng phong chong chay rng, trong cay nhan dan. Nam qua cung a khoan cham soc bao ve rng trong 37,3 ha cho 07 ho gia nh, lap thu tuc chuyen quyen nhan khoan cham soc bao ve 17,4ha theo quy nh, cap giay chng nhan cho 05 ho vi dien tch 53 ha e san xuat nong lam ket hp ( trong rng 37 ha, trong cay an trai 16 ha ). 4. Cong tac quan ly, bao ve va phat trien rng: Trong cac lnh vc, khai thac, mua, ban, van chuyen, che bien lam san, so vi cac tnh khac Bnh Dng hien nay tuy khong co dien tch rng thuoc oi tng e khai thac nhng lai la a ban qua canh van chuyen lam san t cac tnh ban pha Bac trc khi toa i cac ni. Trong nam qua, nh s phoi ket hp ong bo gia cac nganh, cac a phng va nhan dan Bnh Dng a bao ve tot 18.257 ha rng va at rng hien con. To chc tuan tra thng xuyen a phat hien va x ly kp thi 8,2 ha rng b chay ; 06 vu chat pha rng lam ray vi dien tch 2,3 ha; 10 vu lan chiem at rng vi dien tch 14,7 ha. Ngoai ra con phat hien nhieu vu van chuen lam san, san bat va van chuyen ong vat rng trai phep, thu hoi 265,9m3 go tron, xe cac loai, tha ve rng cac loai thu thu hoi c nh rua, ran. Mat khac e quan ly va bao ve rng hieu qua hn, Bnh Dng a thanh lap 02 Ban quan ly rng : Ban quan ly rng phong ho Dau Tieng va Ban quan ly rng Tan Uyen. Trong nam cung a thanh lap lc lng chuyen trach bao ve rng, cung co cac to oi phong chay rng vi s tham gia cua lc lng dan quan t ve a phng, tu bo va lam mi cac ng bang can la. Tuy vay cong tac bao ve rng van con nhieu han che nhat la cong tac phong chong chay rng trong mua kho. 5. Tnh hnh thc hien chng trnh 5 trieu ha rng trong phu xanh at trong, oi troc cua Chnh Phu : e an tong quan lam nghiep va d an phat trien rng a thong qua vi quy mo 19.633 ha, tong von au t 27 ty cho 7 d an con, trong o d an rng phong ho Nui Cau va d an phat trien cay ieu. Nganh nong nghiep cua tnh a trien khai trong th iem 10 ha ieu ghep cao san va 200 cay ieu au dong nong trng Cay trng va lam trng Phu Bnh e nhan giong cho cac nam sau.

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VI. a dang sinh hoc:

1. Khu he thc vat: - He sinh thai rng: Bnh Dng trc ay von la vung cay rng nhiet i vi tap oan cay phong phu, nhng do qua trnh m rong at nong nghiep va khai thac rng khong co ke hoach nen dien tch rng b thu hep va tap oan cay rng t nhien ch con lai mot so cay pho bien thuoc ho dau, ho au, ho canh bm, ho ba manh vo, song chiem u the la cay thuoc ho dau. Rng t nhien co tong dien tch 4.101 ha, chu yeu la rng ang phuc hoi, trong o rng co tr lng trung bnh tap trung Phu Bnh vi dien tch 326,6ha. Thanh phan loai trong rng t nhien bao gom cac loai cay a sang moc nhanh rng thng xanh na rung la va cay ho dau rng rung la. Thanh phan to loai n gian, t co gia tr kinh te cao. ( Nguon : Chi Cuc kiem lam Bnh Dng ). Quan he rng trong thuan loai tren at lam nghiep gom co tram bong vang, xa c, bach an, dau con rai, sao en, tre truc. Hau het ien tch rng trong la rng non, nam rai rac cac huyen Ben Cat, Tan Uyen. Phan rng con lai khoang 5.578 ha, c trong bang cac loai cay cong nghiep lau nam nh : rng ieu, cao su, va cay an trai nh bi, mang cut, chom chom. - Quan he thc vat tren at canh tac nong nghiep: Bao gom quan he lua, quan he thc vat hoa mau, quan he cay an trai va quan he cac cay cong nghiep. Vung canh tac lua trong toan tnh nam rai rac cac huyen, tap trung chu yeu Tan Uyen va Ben Cat. Thanh phan cac loai thc vat trong quan he hoa mau kha phong phu va chiem dien tch ln, cac loai hoa mau lam cay lng thc bao gom cac loai ho co, chi ngo, chi san, chi da va ma, moc xen lan vi cac loai hoa mau la cac loai co dai thuoc ho co vi cac chi long vc, co ong, co mom... cac loai hoa mau hien ang trong trong tnh phan ln la giong a phng a trong t rat lau, rieng oi vi cac loai nh ca tm, au bap, ca chua, da leo hien a co nhap mot so giong mi t nc ngoai. Vung Thuan An tap trung cac vn cay an trai co tuoi rat gia, ay la ni tap trung hau het cac loai cay an trai nhiet i noi rieng nh mang cut, sau rieng, mt, chom chom, bon bon, dau; cac loai cay an trai khac nh xoai, bi, nhan... c trong pho bien khu vc Tan Uyen, Ben Cat.

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Quan he cac cay cong nghiep co the manh Bnh Dng nh ieu, cao su..., c trong hau het tren at nong nghiep va mot phan tren at nong nghiep, ong vai tro quan trong trong viec tang o che phu cua tnh va thay the nhng dien tch rng t nhien a mat ma khong con kha nang phuc hoi lai. - Tham thc vat tren at tho c : bao gom cac loai c trong lau nam e lay bong mat, lam ranh gii, lam canh. Chu yeu la cac loai : viet, phng v, bang, xa c, sao en ..., loai u the la xa c va sao en, ngoai ra con co cac loai cay kieng

ang c m rong ngay cang nhanh vi hn 30 loai, pho bien la loai mai chieu thuy. Tham thc vat rng t nhien Bnh Dng hien ang thoai hoa, ch con lai rng non, tr lng thap, nhng thay vao o s phat trien cac quan he cay trong ac biet la cac loai cay cong nghiep lau nam nh cao su, ieu va cay an trai cung phan nao lam tang mat o che phu . Thanh phan cac loai con lai kha ac trng cho khu he thc vat cua Bnh Dng ac biet la cac loai cay ho dau, tong so co 180 loai vi 62 ho trong khu he thc vat, nhng loai con lai ac trng cho he thc vat rng ma nhiet i. 2. Khu he ong vat Khu he ong vat hoang da Bnh Dng hien nay a hoan toan bien mat, mot so canh rng con sot lai la cac loai thu nho, nhng loai thu quy hiem hau nh khong con, ch con mot t loai thu nho nh heo rng, khu he cac loai chim van con gi lai so lng tng oi nhieu so vi nhng loai khac. Hien Bnh Dng co 17 loai thu quy hiem xep trong sach o Viet Nam, phan bo chu yeu vung nui thap ven ho Dau Tieng, khu vc rng Tan Phu - Phu Giao giap Bnh Phc. ( Xem ban o a dang sinh hoc ). a so cac loai quy hiem hien co Bnh Dng eu trong tnh trang nguy cap hoac se nguy cap. Bnh Dng co khu he ong vat co xng song tren can, ca nc ngot tng oi phong phu ve thanh phan loai. Tuy nhien so lng ca the tng oi t, trong so o lp chim con lai co so lng nhieu nhat, nhng so lng cac loai quy hiem nhieu nhat thuoc lp bo sat, lp thu con lai vi so lng khong nhieu nhng con mot so loai quy hiem ac trng cho vung ong Nam Bo, a dang sinh hoc ve ong vat rng trong tnh ang b e doa tuyet chung. 3. Khu he thuy sinh vat cac song chnh tai Bnh Dng 3.1. Caou truc thanh phaan loai * Soong Be 5/2000 Phytoplankton Zooplankton : : : 71 loai 17 loai 6 loai 12/2000 62 loai. 19 loai. 3 loai.

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Zoobenthos

Cac loai Phytoplankton soong mooi trung baon, giau chaot hu cu thuooc tayo lam Microcystis aeruginosa, Oscillatoria, Euglena acus phaon boo nhieau uy khu vuc An Linh. Trong khi nhng loai thuooc tayo silic, a mooi trung nuc luu nh Melosira granulata, Stephanodiscus astraea, Rhizosolenia

longiseta, Synedra ulna phaon boo uy khu vuc cya soong nhieau hun. Cac loai a phen nh Eunotia, Gomphonema, Scenedesmus phaon boo uy An Linh nhieau hun, con cac loai thuooc chi Closterium phaon boo ueau uy 3 khu vuc. Cac loai Zooplankton a phen goam 3 loai Lecane va loai Biapertura karua phaon boo chuy yeou uy khu vuc An Linh Phuc Hoa. Rieong cac loai Zooplankton a mooi trung giau chaot hu cu nh Philodina roseola, Polyarthra vulgaris, Thermocyclops hyalinus th phaon boo t Phuc Hoa ueon cya soong. Thanh phaan loai thuyy sinh vaot uy soong Be - uoaun chayy qua Bnh Dung - thaop la do lu tooc dong nuc maunh, uoo uuuc lun, uay bu bao mon, nean uay gooc la chuy yeou. Tuy nhieon caou truc thanh phaan loai laui bieou hieon ro tnh chaot acid yeou va giau dinh dung cuya soong Be. * Soong Sai Gon va cac soong nhanh

- Laan thu maou thang 12/2000 phat hieon 145 loai Phytoplankton, t hun 12 loai so vui thang 5/ 2000. Trong uo, tayo lam tang 4 loai, tayo maot tang 2 loai, tayo silic giaym 8 loai, tayo luuc giaym 9 loai va tayo giap giaym 2 loai. Cac loai phaon boo uy phaan lun uieom thu maou goam Oscillatoria subbrevis, Melosira granulata, Diatoma elongatum, Eunotia sudetica, Eunotia zygodon, Achnanthes longipes, Pinnularia braunii, Pinnularia divergens, Pinnularia major, Euglena acus, Trachelomonas volvocina. Su phaon boo cuya cac loai nay bieou thu tnh chaot cu bayn cuya soong Sai Gon va cac soong nhanh thuooc phaum vi Bnh Dung la nhieom baon trong uieau kieon mooi trung nuc acid. Nhn chung cac loai a baon va phen phaon boo chuy yeou t Phu Cung tui caau Bnh Phuc treon soong Sai Gon, soong Thu Tnh, rauch Ba Luua, rauch An Sun, rauch Caau Ngang, rauch Vunh Bnh.

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- Zooplankton: phat hieon uuuc 53 loai, t hun 11 loai so vui uuut phaon tch thang 5/2000, trong uo trung banh xe giaym hun 6 loai, aou trung giaym 3 daung, cac nhom khac co thay uooi t hun. Cac loai phaon boo uy haau heot cac uieom thu maou la cac loai tieou bieou cho mooi trung giau chaot hu cu va loaui nuc acid goam: Philodina roseola, Polyarthra vulgaris, Asplanchna sieboldi, Lecane luna, Lecane bulla, Diaphanosoma excisum, Thermocyclops hyalinus, Arcella vulgaris, Nauplius copepoda. Cac loai cho thu cho loaui nuc acid phaon boo nhieau uy uoaun Lai Thieou caau Bnh Phuc, uy soong Thu Tnh, rauch Vunh Bnh: Lecane leontina, Lecane luna, Lecane bulla, Brachionus quadridentatus, Platyias quadricornis, Ilyocryptus halyii, Macrothrix triserialis, Latonopsis australis, Scapholeberis kingi va cac loai giap xac raou nganh hou Chydoridae.

Cac loai cho thu cho mooi trung giau chaot dinh dung va nhieom baon xuaot hieon nhieau uy chaon uaop daau Tieong, thu traon Daau Tieong, Phu Cung caau Bnh Phuc va cac soong nhanh goam: Rotaria rotaria, Rotaria neptunia, Philodina roseola, Polyarthra vulgaris, Moina dubia, Mesocylops leuckarti, - Zoobenthos: ua phat hieon uuuc 20 loai, nhieau hun 2 loai so vui uuut khayo sat thang 5/ 2000, trong uo lup coon trung ua chieom 50% va tang 5 loai, giun t tu tang 1 loai, hai maynh voy tang 1 loai, nhng giun nhieau tu giaym 2 loai, ooc giaym 1 loai. Vea phaon boo, giun nhieau tu cho co moot loai Namalycastis longicirris xuaot hieon t khu vuc caau Phu Cung va rauch Traau truy xuoong; giun t tu phaon boo ueau khaop uy cac uieom thu maou. Cac loai ooc hou Viviparidae cho phaon boo uy cac rauch nhoy. Nhuyeon theo hai maynh voy phaon boo t khu vuc chaon uaop Daau Tieong tui caau Bnh Phuc va rauch caau Ngang. Aou trung coon trung cho xuaot hieon hai boo Trichoptera va Diptera (Boo hai canh), cac loai aou trung coon trung boo Hai Canh, tr loai Chironomus sp. cho thu cho mooi trung giau dinh dung uy cya soong Thu Tnh va rauch An Sun, cac loai con laui ueau cho thu cho mooi trung nuc acid. * Soong eoang Nai va cac soong nhanh : - Phytoplankton: phat hieon uuuc 142 loai, trong uo tayo silic: 60 loai chieom 42,2%, tayo luuc: 48 loai chieom 33,8%. So vui laan khayo sat thang 5/ 2000, soo loai Phytoplankton t hun 37 loai, trong uo tayo silic t hun 11 loai, tayo luuc - 21 loai, tayo lam 5 loai. Xet vea quan heo gia cac nhom loai th Bacillariophyta tang 2,5%, Chlorophyta giaym 4,7%, cac nganh tayo khac bieon uooi nhoy hun. Cac loai phaon boo uy haau heot cac uieom thu maou goam Microcystis aeruginosa, Gomphosphaeria lacustris, Anabaena circinalis, Anabaena solitaria, Phormidium mucicola, Melosira granulata, Melosira sp., Rhizosolenia longiseta, Synedra ulna, Eunotia zatuminensis, Staurastrum bigibbum, Staurastrum paradoxum, Staurastrum sexangulare, Staurastrum tohopekaligense, Cosmarium contractum, Cosmarium nitidrilum, Ceratium hirundinella, Peridinium gatunense. Cac loai neou treon cho thu cho loauui mooi trung giau dinh dung va acid yeou. Cac loai cho thu cho mooi trung giau dinh dung va nhieom baon thuooc tayo lam (Cyanophyta), tayo maot (Euglenophyta), tayo silic

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(Bacillariophyta) taop trung nhieau nhaot uy rauch Ba Hieop va khu vuc Bnh An treon soong eoang Nai. Cac loai cho thu cho mooi trung nuc acid: Eunotia, Navicula, Pinnularia, Gomphonema, Chodatella subsabsa, Closterium phaon boo nhieau uy rauch Khanh Bnh ), va khu vuc Taon Haunh treon soong eoang Nai. Phaon tch caou truc thanh phaan loai, co theo thaoy vao thui uieom uaau mua khoo 2000 2001 nuc soong eoang Nai va cac soong nhanh thuooc Bnh Dung uuuc xeop vao loaui giau dinh dung va treon tng uieom thuooc loaui acid yeou. - Zooplankton: Laan thu maou thang 12/ 2000 phat hieon uuuc 50 loai uy dong chnh soong eoang Nai va soong nhanh thuooc phaum vi tonh Bnh Dung, t hun laan thu maou thang 5/ 2000 la 12 loai, trong uo trung banh xe giaym 7 loai va giap xac raou nganh giaym 5 loai. Cac loai phaon boo uy haau heot uieom thu maou: Polyarthra vulgaris, Keratella coehlearis, Bosmina longirostris, Ceriodaphnia rigaudi, Ceriodaphnia laticaudata, Thermocyclops hyalinus va aou trung Nauplius copepoda. eaoy la thanh phaan loai bieou hieon tnh chaot giau dinh dung va chaot luung nuc toot cuya soong eoang Nai. Cac loai cho thu cho mooi trung nuc acid: Lecane crenata, Lecane luna, Lecane bulla, Platyias quadricornis, Macrothrix triserialis, Alona davidi phaon boo nhieau uy rauch Khanh Bnh, rauch Ba Hieop va uy moot soo t uieom treon soong eoang Nai (Lauc An, Taon Uyeon). Co theo thaoy raong tnh chaot acid bieou hieon khoong ro treon dong chnh soong eoang Nai, trong khi tnh chaot giau dinh dung va nhieom baon laui theo hieon ro baong cac loai cho thu Philodina roseola, Pinantheria socialis, Polyarthra vulgaris, Daphnia lumholtzi, Mesocyclops leuckerti t chaon thac Tru An ueon Taon Uyeon va t Hoa An ueon Bnh An (caau eoang Nai). Con loai cya soong Schmackeria bulbosa va aou trung Polychaeta cho thaoy phaon boo uy uoaun soong Hoa An Caau eoang Nai. - Zoobenthos: laan khayo sat nay cho thu uuuc 23 loai so vui 37 loai vao thang 5/ 2000. Trong uo, giun nhieau tu (Polychaeta) giaym 3 loai, coon trung (Insecta) giaym 8 loai. Cac loai giun nhieau tu (cac loai gooc bieon di nhaop nooi uua) cho phaon boo tui khu vuc Taon Haunh treon soong eoang Nai. Hai loai hai maynh voy soong bam Limnoperna siamensis, Scaphula pinna cho phaon boo t chaon thac Tru An tui Taon Haunh.

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Cac loai heon (Corbicula) phaon boo taop trung uy quang soong Thieon Taon Bnh An. Coon trung va aou trung coon trung phaon boo rayi rac t chaon thac Tru An tui caau eoang Nai. Giun t tu hou Tubificidae va ooc Melanoides tuberculatus cho thu cho mooi trung nhieom baon phaon boo roong t chaon thac Tru An ueon Bnh An va cac soong nhanh. 3.2.Caou truc soo luung: * Soong Be : - Phytoplankton: 2.200.000 10.300.000 tb/m3 cac loai u theo la Synedra ulna, Synedra acus ueau tieou bieou cho mooi trung giau dinh dung. - Zooplankton: 300 3.100 con/m3, Nauplius copepoda va Philodina roseola chieom u theo. - Zoobenthos: 20 100 con/m2, cac loai thuooc aou trung Trichoptera goam Ecnomus sp., Mystacides sp. va loai nhuyeon theo hai maynh voy soong bam Limnoperna siamensis chieom u theo. Nhn chung soo luung Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, Zoobenthos ueau thaop, cac loai tieou bieou cho mooi trung giau chaot dinh dung chieom u theo. Tuy nhieon, dong nuc chayy maunh ua haun cheo su phat trieon soo luung cac nhom thuyy sinh vaot. * Soong Sai Gon va cac soong nhanh - Phytoplankton: Soo luung uy mc uoo thaop ueon trung bnh, t 1.600.000 27.300.000 tb/m3 . Cac loai u theo cho thu cho mooi trung bu nhieom baon va loaui nuc acid goam: Trachelomonas volvocina, Phacus longicauda, Oscillatoria geitleriana, Lyngbya hieronymusii, Gomphosphaeria lacustris, Eunotia sudetica, Eunotia bigibba, Pinnularia braunii, Closterium acutum. eieau nay cho thaoy, vao thui uieom thu maou, mooi trung nuc soong Sai Gon va cac soong nhanh thuooc phaum vi tonh Bnh Dung thuooc loaui nuc acid va nhieom baon, moot soo uieom bu nhieom baon nang nh rauch Ba Luua, rauch Traau. - Zooplankton: 7.600 16.400 con/m3. Cac loai u theo Philodina roseola, Polyarthra vulgaris, Bosmina longirostris, Thermocyclops hyalinus. Rieong Nauplius copepoda va Bivalvia larva cho phaon boo uy 3 uieom treon soong Sai Gon, t chaon uaop Daau Tieong ueon Beon Suc. Rauch Ba Luua bu nhieom baon nuc thayi nha may uung Bnh Dung va rauch An Sun bu nhieom baon nuc thayi sinh hoaut bieou thu baong su phat trieon maunh cuya loai cho thu Philodina roseola.

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- Zoobenthos: 20 5.790 con/m2, nhn chung cao hun soong eoang Nai va cac soong nhanh, giun t tu chieom u theo. Taui thu traon Daau Tieong va Beon Suc, loai hai maynh voy soong bam Limnoperna siamensis chieom u theo va khu vuc caau Oong Coo treon soong Thu Tnh aou trung Chironomidae (Diptera) chieom u theo. Su phaon boo va soo luung Zoobenthos treon soong Sai Gon co theo thaoy uoaun soong t Thuy Daau Moot ueon caau Bnh Phuc va cac rauch Thaay Nang , rauch Ba Luua, An Sun bu nhieom baon nang. * Soong eoang Nai va cac soong nhanh - Phytoplankton: t 7.800.000 59.700.000 tb/m3. Su phaon boo soo luung treon dong chnh soong eoang Nai thuooc phaum vi tonh Bnh Dung co theo chia 2 uoaun nh sau : + T chaon thac Tru An Taon Uyeon soo luung raot cao, t 26.600.000 59.700.000 tb/m3, cho co moot loai u theo Anabaena solitaria cho thu cho mooi trung giau chaot hu cu co daou hieou nhieom baon, quan heo maot thieot vui khu heo Phytoplankton uy hoa Tru An. + T Taon Uyeon Bnh An (caau eoang Nai) soo luung trung bnh, t 8.400.000 18.300.000 tb/m3, cho moot loai u theo Melosira sp. cho thu cho giau dinh dung. e# rauch Khanh Bnh, soo luung thaop, cho t 7.800.000 tb/m3, loai u theo la Pinnularia braunii cho thu cho loaui nuc acid. Rauch Ba Hieop, soo luung raot cao tui 41.200.000 tb/m3 , loai u theo la Eunotia zasuminensis cho thu cho mooi trung acid yeou. So vui laan thu maou thang 5/2000, treon dong chnh soong eoang Nai co su thay uooi lun vea loai u theo va phaon boo soo luung cuya Phytoplankton.

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- Zooplankton: e# dong chnh soong eoang Nai: T 3.000 11.100 con/m3. Cac loai u theo la giap xac raou nganh Bosmina longirostris, Ceriodaphnia rigaudi, Thermocyclops hyalinus va aou trung Nauplius copepoda. Co theo chia ra 2 quang phaon boo soo luung: + T chaon thac Tru An Taon Uyeon: T 3.300 11.100 con/m3 u theo la cac loai giap xac raou nganh. + T Taon Uyeon Bnh An: T 3.000 6.800 con/m3 u theo la aou trung nhuyeon theo hai maynh voy Bivalvia Mollusca va Nauplius copepoda. Soo luung uy rauch Khanh Bnh thaop nhaot trong cac uieom thu maou thuooc soong eoang Nai (2.100 con/m3), aou trung Nauplius copepoda chieom u

theo. Soo luung uy rauch Ba Hieop cao nhaot (20.100 con/m3), loai trung banh xe Polyarthra vulgaris, Filinia longiseta, aou trung Nauplius copepoda va aou trung nhuyeon theo hai maynh voy chieom u theo. Khac vui cac uieom thu maou khac thuooc soong eoang Nai, uy rauch Ba Hieop soo luung trung banh xe vuut trooi soo luung taot cay cac nhom giap xac. Soo luung trung banh xe = 101 = 1,34 Soo luung giap xac 75 Tyy leo treon cho thaoy, rauch Ba Hieop bu nhieom baon nang nhaot so vui cac uieom khac treon soong eoang Nai. - Zoobenthos: Soo luung t 30 1.850 con/m2. Cac loai u theo la trun cho (giun t tu) Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, ooc Tarebia granifera, Limnoperna siamensis, heon Corbicula leviuscula, Corbicula tenuis, aou trung Macronema sp. (Hydropsychidae - Trichoptera), Einfeldia sp., Ablabesmyia sp. (Chironomidae Diptera). Cac uieom co soo luung cao nhaot la chaon thac Tru An , Taon Haunh, suooi Ba Hieop. Chaon thac Tru An nui nuc chayy xieot, nean uay ua, soo luung cao la do cac loai soong bam goam nhuyeon theo hai maynh voy Limnoperna siamensis (ha heon hou Mytilidae) va aou trung coon trung uac trng cho mooi trung nuc chayy thuooc boo Trichoptera (loai Macronema sp.) phat trieon maunh. Taui Taon Haunh co soo luung cao do trun cho va heon phat trieon maunh. Suooi Ba Hieop co soo luung cao nhaot (1.850 con/m2 ), trun cho Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri cho thu cho mooi trung baon va chieom u theo tuyeot uooi (89,7%). 3.3.eoo tung uoang va ua daung cuya thuyy sinh vaot: * Soong Be :

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eoo tung uoang cuya Phytoplankton va Zooplankton gia cac uieom thu maou raot nhoy cho thaoy co su khac bieot vea tnh chaot mooi trung nuc gia cac uoaun treon soong Be, lieon heo vui lu tooc dong nuc, uoo trong. Trong khi uoo ua daung cuya thuyy sinh vaot uy cac uieom thu maou sai bieot khoong lun cho thaoy uoo dinh dung tung uooi uoang nhaot. * Soong Sai Gon va cac soong nhanh : Phaon tch uoo tung uoang cuya thuyy sinh vaot treon soong Sai Gon va cac soong nhanh, co theo phaon uoaun nh sau: e# dong chnh soong Sai Gon tach bieot thanh 2 uoaun: T chaon uaop Daau Tieong ueon khu vuc caau Phu Cung va uoaun t caau saot Lai Thieou ueon Bnh Phuc.

Cac soong nhanh co uoo tung uoang cao, co nghua la mooi trung tung uooi uoang nhaot vui uac trng thanh phaan loai cu bayn bieou thu cho mooi trung nhieom baon va nhieom phen. eoo ua daung cuya thuyy sinh vaot: Phytoplankton: thaop uy cac uieom Beon Suc, rauch Caau Ngang va rauch Traau. Zooplankton: thaop nhaot uy Lai Thieou va Zoobenthos: thaop nhaot uy Phu Cung, rauch Vunh Bnh, rauch Thaay Nang. eac tnh phaon boo uoo ua daung thuyy sinh vaot ua phayn anh mc uoo nhieom baon cao uy cac uieom neou treon cuya soong Sai Gon va cac soong nhanh. *Soong eoang Nai va cac soong nhanh eoo tung uoang cuya Phytoplankton va Zooplankton uy dong chnh soong eoang Nai raot cao, tach bieot vui rauch Khanh Bnh va rauch Ba Hieop. Co theo vao uaau mua khoo lu luung va lu tooc dong nuc tung uooi lun ua tauo neon tnh chaot tung uooi uoang nhaot cuya sinh vaot phieou sinh. eoo sai bieot lun vea tnh chaot nean uay cuya cac quang soong t uay soyi ua uy nga 3 soong Be soong eoang Nai ueon cat soyi uy Lauc An Thieon Taon; cat bun uy Taon Uyeon va bun uy Hoa An caau eoang Nai. eoo tung uoang cuya soong eoang Nai va soong nhanh cho cao uy cac uieom t Taon Haunh ueon caau eoang Nai. Cac uieom t Thieon Taon Taon Uyeon (nhanh phayi) co uoo tung uoang cao, uieom Taon Uyeon (nhanh trai Bnh Ninh) tung uoang cao vui Taon Haunh. eoo ua daung cuya Phytoplankton t chaon thac Tru An ueon nhanh phayi Taon Uyeon va bu phayi Hoa An raot thaop. Quang Taon Uyeon (nhanh trai) Taon Haunh Hoa An Bnh An cao. Trong khi uoo ua daung cuya Zooplankton thaop nhaot uy chaon thac Tru An va bu trai Hoa An. eoo ua daung cuya Zoobenthos thaop nhaot uy rauch Ba Hieop do cho 2 loai giun nhieau tu va giun t tu thch ng vui su nhieom baon toan taui. 3.4. eanh gia : Treon cu suy phaon tch caou truc thanh phaan loai, caou truc soo luung, loai u theo, loai cho thu, uoo tung uoang va ua daung, co theo uanh gia tnh chaot mooi trung nuc uy soong Be, soong Sai Gon, soong eoang Nai va cac soong nhanh chayy trong phaum vi tonh Bnh Dung nh sau: - Mooi trung nuc Soong Be co tnh acid yeou va t baon.

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- Soong Sai Gon va cac soong nhanh co tnh chaot nuc acid yeou va nhieom baon cao, nhaot uy cac soong nhanh. - Tnh chaot mooi trung nuc uy dong chnh soong eoang Nai vao uaau mua khoo tung uooi uoang nhaot vea mc uoo giau dinh dung, so vui rauch Khanh Bnh th rauch Ba Hieop co mc uoo nhieom baon nang hun. So sanh gia hai uuut khayo sat thang 5/2000 va 12/2000, cho thaoy : - Caou truc khu heo thuyy sinh vaot uy soong Be t bieon uooi. - Khu heo thuyy sinh vaot uy soong Sai Gon bieou hieon mc uoo nhieom baon cao hun baong su u theo cuya cac loai Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri (trun cho) uy haau heot cac uieom thu maou. Soo loai u theo cuya Zoobenthos giaym, cac loai Phytoplankton cho thu nhieom baon xuaot hieon nhieau: Phacus longicauda, Trachelomonas volvocina, Lyngbya hieronymusii, Oscillatoria geitleriana. Soo loai u theo cuya Zooplankton cung giaym so vui uuut khayo sat thang 5/ 2000. Caou truc thanh phaan loai cuya cac nhom thuyy sinh vaot bieou hieon mc uoo acid giaym cuya mooi trung nuc so vui thang 5/2000. - Treon soong eoang Nai, hieon tuung giaym soo loai u theo cuya Phytoplankton va Zoobenthos cung theo hieon mc uoo nhieom baon gia tang ngay t uaau mua khoo. ( Nguoan : Bao cao Khu heo thuyy sinh vaot uy cac soong chnh chayy trong tonh Bnh Dung uuut khayo sat thang 5/2000 va thang 12/2000 Phaum Van Mieon Vieon Sinh houc nhieot uui thanh phoo Hoa Ch Minh )

VIi. Tnh hnh thien tai va s co moi trng trong nam :


1.Tnh hnh thien tai : Trong nam 2000, thien tai a xay ra tren cac a ban cua cac huyen, th trong tnh xay ra kha nang ne; ac biet la loc xoay va t lu ln vao trung tuan thang 10/2000. Tnh hnh thiet hai nh sau : - So ngi chet : 04 ngi - So ngi b thng : 03 ngi - So nha b ngap : 5.930 nha; b sap, b troi : 192 nha. So ho phai tam di di la 1.387 ho.

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- Tong dien tch san xuat nong nghiep thiet hai : 11.529 ha. Trong o thiet hai 100% : 3.190ha; thiet hai tren 50% : 5.912 ha; thiet hai di 50% : 2.427 ha. - H hong 2500m ng nha, 111km ng giao thong nong thon, 2.284m b bao b be, 42.372m b bao b tran gay sat l va nhieu tai san khac b nc cuon troi khong thong ke c. Uc tong gia tr thiet hai gan : 85 t ong. t lu thang 10/2000 c anh gia la t lu ln au tien tren a ban tnh, mat khac do vi ma ln au nguon va cac ho cha quoc gia xa lu mc cao ket hp vi trieu cng nen mc nc tren cac song suoi len nhanh va rat cao nen cha lng het c mc o ngap lu e co the trien khai ke hoach ng pho mot cach chu ong nhat la khu vc ven song Be, tuy vay cong tac ng cu s co va khac phuc hau qua sau thien tai c thc hien tot nen a han che thap nhat nhng thiet hai co the xay ra. 2. Tnh hnh s co moi trng :

Tnh hnh hoa hoan nam 2000 ch xay ra 30 vu nhng thiet hai len en 3 ty 350 trieu ong, tang gap 3 lan so vi tong thiet do chay xay ra trong nam 1999, khong co vu hoa han nao do hoa chat gay ra. Ban ch ao phong chay cha chay a lam tot cong tac van ong tuyen truyen quan chung tham gia phong chay cha chay, ay manh viec kiem tra an toan PCCC tai cac n v, c s trong tnh. ( Nguon : Phong PCCC- S Cong An Bnh Dng ). Ngoai ra, cac s co do ngo oc thc an va thc pham cung co xay ra rai rac trong tnh nhng mc o khong nghiem trong va thiet hai khong nhieu. Nam 2000, a xay ra 7 vu ngo oc thc pham, co 140 ngi b ngo oc; 01 ngi t vong do an phai ca noc. Cong tac thanh kiem tra ve ve sinh an toan thc pham a c tien hanh thng xuyen, qua kiem tra 350 c s la cac ca hang an uong, c s san xuat va che bien thc pham, bep an tap the cho thay : 53,1% xep loai kha; 44% xep loai trung bnh; 2,9% c s con lai xep loai kem. a so cac nha hang khach san, quan giai khat ln c ban eu co chng nhan an toan ve sinh thc pham va thc hien theo ung quy nh. Nhng quan giai khat bnh dan, xa th xa, th tran thng cha thc hien ung quy nh nhat la a ban huyen Phu Giao, D An. ( Nguon : Trung tam Y te D phong Tnh Bnh Dng ).

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a so cac c s, x nghiep cha thc hien kham sc khoe tuyen dung va kham sc khoe nh ky cho cong nhan, cha trang b ay du bao ho lao ong. Tnh trang ve sinh moi trng, vi kh hau, bui, tieng on... ni san xuat cha bao am, nhat la c s che bien thc an gia suc, che bien go. viiI. moi trng va sc khoe cong ong :

Ben canh s tang trng ve kinh te, Bnh Dng a tng bc giai quyet tot hn cac nhu cau bc xuc ve van hoa, xa hoi tren a ban tnh. Trong o, lnh vc ve y te, cham soc sc khoe cong ong ngay cang c phat trien. 1. Cong tac phong chong sot ret, sot xuat huyet va chng trnh tiem chung m rong : - Nam 2000 khong co dch sot ret xay ra. Nh tang cng cong tac phong chong nh phun thuoc, tam man, phat hien va ieu tr kp thi nen so ngi sot ret ac tnh giam so vi nam 1999. Thi tiet dien bien bat thng tao ieu kien cho muoi truyen benh sot ret phat trien manh va thi gian hoan thanh chu ky phat trien cua KST sot ret trong muoi nhanh hn, kha nang truyen benh cua muoi sot ret ln hn. Tnh hnh bien ong dan c van la mot yeu to kho kiem soat trong phong chong sot ret. - Tong so ngi mac benh sot ret : 2.850 ngi. Trong o, sot ret ac tnh la : 04 ngi. - Ty le mac sot ret/ 1 van dan : 26,08

- Tong so ngi c ieu tr benh sot ret : 30.000 ngi Trong o, ieu tr benh nhan sot ret : 1.850 ngi ieu tr oi tng co nguy c : 28.150 ngi. - T vong do benh sot ret : 2 ngi.

- Cong tac tuyen truyen phong chong benh sot xuat huyet c ay manh, tang cng cong tac kiem tra, giam sat, ao tao cho can bo y te kien thc phong benh suat xuat huyet. Ngi benh sot xuat huyet la 539 ca, so vi cung ky giam 46,1% va t vong do sot xuat huyet 01 ca, giam 03 ca so vi cung ky, khong co dch sot xuyet huyet xay ra, o la nh cong tac phong chong benh c e cao, tang cng cong tac kiem tra, giam sat, tuyen truyen ve sinh moi trng phong chong sot xuat huyet, khong e lay lan thanh dch. - Tong so ca mac sot xuat huyet :539 - Tong so ca t vong : 01 - Cong tac tiem chung m rong c duy tr thng xuyen thanh ne nep. So tre di 1 tuoi c tiem, uong 6 loai vaccin gay mien dch la 13.586 chau trong tong so 13.586 chau di 1 tuoi, at ty le 100%. Phu n trong tuoi sinh e c tiem chung 100%. Chng trnh thanh toan bai liet va loai tr uon van s sinh cho

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tre di 5 tuoi at 99,06%, khong co tre em nao di 5 tuoi b mac benh bai liet. Cong tac tiem chung m rong c xa hoi hoa va c thc hien thng xuyen nen ket qua kha kha quan. 2. Chng trnh phong chong lao, HIV/AIDS va tnh hnh benh nhiem trong nam : - Benh truyen nhiem, ac biet la 6 benh trong chng trnh tiem chung m rong so vi cung ky eu giam ro ret. Benh bai liet a c thanh toan, cac benh ng tieu hoa nh l trc trung, l amp, tieu chay so vi cung ky giam t 4-37%. Cong tac ve sinh moi trng, ve sinh an toan thc pham, ve sinh lao ong... c tang cng kiem tra giam sat, cong tac tuyen truyen giao duc sc khoe c ay manh, nen khong co dch xay ra. Trong nam, co mot trng hp nhiem nao mo cau, nhng a c ieu tra, giam sat, x ly kp thi nen khong e dch xay ra. Tnh hnh mot so benh nhiem quan trong :
Nam 2000 (ca) Thng han L trc trung L amibe Tieu chay Quai b Ho ga 05 472

Cum

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Nam 1999 (ca) 09 751 509 8.136 68 02 25.401

7.791 160 03

24879

- Chng trnh phong chong lao c to chc thc hien eu tren a ban toan tnh. So ngi benh lao mi phat hien trong nam la 1.344 ca, tang 280 ca so vi nam 1999. So ngi benh c quan ly va ieu tr at 120,8% ch tieu. Ty le bo tr lao toan tnh la 1,99%, so ngi chet do lao giam 03 ca so vi cung ky ( 33 ca ). - Tnh hnh benh nhiem HIV/AIDS co xu hng tang, so ngi mi nhiem HIV la 178 ca, trong o ngi a phng la 60 ca, ngi ngoai tnh cac trai giam tren a ban Bnh Dng la 118 ca, so vi cung ky tang 76,2% lan. Ty le nhiem mi nam 2000 la 4,63% so vi nam 1999 tang 3,08%. T vong do benh AIDS tang 3 ca so vi cung ky. Tnh hnh cu the nh sau :
Tong so ngi nhiem HIV : 178

Tong so ngi nhiem HIV tch luy Tong so ngi mac benh AIDS

: :

347 06 26 03 06

Tong so ngi mac benh AIDS tch luy : T vong do benh AIDS T vong do benh AIDS tch luy : :

3. Cong tac bao ve sc khoe ba me tre em- ke hoach hoa gia nh : Cong tac bao ve sc khoe ba me tre em - ke hoach hoa gia nh ngay cang co chat lng va at ket qua cao. c s tai tr cua to chc UNFPA trong chng trnh sc khoe sinh san, cung cap thuoc thiet yeu, dung cu, thiet b cho phong sanh, phong ke hoach hoa gia nh, he thong ra tay tiet trung, tai lieu hoc tap, tuyen truyen, ao tao. Cac ket qua cu the : - Ty le tre s sinh b d tat : 0,287%

- Ty le chet chu sinh : 11,83%0, giam 3,8%0 so vi cung ky. - Ty le chet tre em di 1 tuoi : 1 5,16%0, giam 6,2%0 so vi cung ky. - Ty le chet tre em di 5 tuoi : 16,37%0

Chng trnh phong chong suy dinh dng tre em c trien khai 79/79 xa, phng. Co s phoi hp tot gia cac ban nganh oan the trong cham soc tre em va nang cao kien thc cho ba me mang thai. Ty le suy dinh dng tre em di 5 tuoi la 22,8%, so vi cung ky giam 2,91%, ty le tre s sinh can nang di 2500g la 4,13% giam 2,37% so vi nam 1999. Nam 2000, Bnh Dng a thc hien tot cac ch tieu, ke hoach trong cong tac phong benh, cha benh, ve sinh moi trng, an toan thc pham cho nhan dan. Khong e dch benh xay ra. Cac chng trnh y te c xa hoi hoa cao nh benh xa hoi, tiem chung m rong, phong chong cac benh dch nguy hiem, HIV/AIDS. Ben canh o van con nhng mat ton tai, nh cong tac ve sinh an toan thc pham, ve sinh lao ong, cha quan ly c sau rong. Mot so tram y te xa trang thiet b con thieu, c s vat chat con kem, nhat la cong tac tai ve sinh tai cac tram cha c sach ep, cong suat s dung ging benh tai cac tram con thap. iX. Nhan nh ve cac dien bien moi trng cua bnh dng nam 1999 en au nam 2000 : Qua so lieu phan tch cac thanh phan moi trng cua tnh chung ta co the nhan nh nh sau :

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- Moi trng cong nghiep trong cac khu cong nghiep ang dan cai thien tng bc, bien oi theo xu hng ngay cang tot hn, nhat la sau thi gian au t san xuat th nghiem va chiem lnh th phan, cac doanh nghiep a bat au co y thc ve viec bao ve moi trng gan lien vi san xuat kinh doanh. Cac khu cong nghiep ang hoat ong on nh tren a ban tnh hau nh a co he thong x ly nc thai cho toan khu. - Mot so nganh o nhiem nang nh che bien mu cao su, det nhuom, giay, bot giay, hoa chat, che bien nong san thc pham ang la nguon o nhiem anh hng en chat lng moi trng song cua khu vc lan cc nha may va chat lng nc. V vay can thiet a vao danh muc u tien trong chng trnh o nhiem cong nghiep tnh Bnh Dng giai oan 2001-2005. - Moi trng cong nghiep tai cac c s san xuat tieu thu cong nghiep, nam xen lan trong khu dan c ang b o nhiem, nhat la tai cac cum san xuat gom s, gach ngoi. ay la van e ton tai t cac nam qua ma hien nay van cha co hng giai quyet hoan thien, tnh ang co chu trng di di cac c s san xuat nay ra khoi khu dan c, en gan vung nguyen lieu. Tuy nhien ay ch mi la mot giai phap tnh the v van e o nhiem van cha c giai quyet triet e ma ch la di chuyen t ni nay en ni khac. Khuynh hng trong cac nam ti chnh quyen tnh Bnh Dng se co chnh sach ho tr va khuyen khch cac c s nay thay oi dan nhien lieu ot lo va thay oi cong nghe san xuat. - Chat thai cong nghiep nguy hai van cha co bien phap quan ly, thu gom, van chuyen, x ly hp ve sinh, tat ca eu co anh hng xau ti moi trng song va canh quan. Bai x ly rac tap trung cho toan tnh van cha i vao hien thc nh d oan cua cac nam trc ay, v kinh ph au t qua ln, van e keu goi d an au t cho bai rac nay gap nhieu kho khan. Can phai co bien phap khac hu hieu hn e giai quyet van e rac thai sinh hoat o th ngay trong nam 2001-2002.

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- Moi trng trong va sau khai thac khoang san van con ton tai nhieu bat cap nh cac nam trc, cha co nhieu cai thien, viec cai tao moi trng sau khai thac van cha thc hien tot, nen phan nao a anh hng xau ti moi trng at, canh quan sinh thai va a dang sinh hoc b giam sut. - Moi trng o th tai Bnh Dng hien nay cha c quan ly chat che, chc nang nhiem vu cua cac nganh ve viec quan ly moi trng o th cha ro rang trong khi o dan so ngay cang phat trien, chat thai sinh ra ngay cang nhieu, nhng van e x ly cha triet e, v vay a anh hng ti chat lng moi trng nc va khong kh theo xu hng ngay cang xau hn. o la chat lng nc mat cac song suoi a b o nhiem hu c va vi sinh. Nc ngam mach nong mot so ni a b o nhiem hu c nhe.

- nong thon van e cung cap nc sach ngay cang dien bien theo xu hng tot hn. Ty le dan nong thon dung nc sach ngay cang tang. Phong trao IPM phat trien manh, giam bt viec dung thuoc tr sau benh hai tren cay trong am bao moi trng va sc khoe tot cho ngi dan. Mac du van e ve sinh moi trng nong thon hien nay cha phai la van e cap bach, nhng neu khong c quan tam ngay t bay gi th se phat sinh nhieu van e phai giai quyet trong tng lai. Cong tac quan ly moi trng cua Bnh Dng hien nay ang a van e quan ly o nhiem cong nghiep va o th len u tien hang au, nhat la chu trong ti viec giam thieu o nhiem oi vi nganh nghe gay o nhiem nang va cac doanh nghiep va va nho nam ngoai khu cong nghiep. ac biet trong nam 2000, Bnh Dng a xay dng chng trnh bao ve moi trng en nam 2010 va se to chc trien khai thc hien chng trnh nay, do o hy vong trong tng lai moi trng Bnh Dng co xu the dien bien tot, am bao co moi trng xanh, sach, ep va phat trien ben vng.

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Chng III

hoat ong bao ve moi trng, nhng van e moi trng cap bach cua tnh Bnh Dng va hng giai quyet trong tng lai
I. Hoat ong quan ly nha nc ve bao ve moi trng :

1. To chc the che hoat ong moi trng tai Bnh Dng : Nam 2000 la nam ban le cua the ky 21, thc hien ch th so 05/2000/CT-UB cua UBND tnh Bnh Dng ve viec ra soat chc nang nhiem vu, kien toan to chc va tinh gian bien che cac c quan hanh chnh s nghiep, S Khoa hoc Cong nghe & Moi trng Bnh Dng a tien hanh ra soat lai chc nang, nhiem vu cua cong tac quan ly moi trng va nhan thay phong Quan ly moi trng van con thieu nhan lc nhng do tnh hnh chung cua toan tnh la phai giam 15% bien che do vay bien che cua Phong Quan ly moi trng khong c tang, song van c gi nguyen nh nam 1999 la 11 ngi vi 02 bo phan : - Mot bo phan lam cong tac quan ly moi trng. - Mot bo phan lam cong tac tai phong th nghiem. Nhn chung a so eu la can bo tre co trnh o chuyen mon cua mot nganh nao o, ch cha co chuyen mon nghiep vu ve moi trng, nhng trong may nam gan ay, c s quan tam cua lanh ao tnh cung vi s ho tr quy bau cua d an VCEP so can bo nay a c boi dng, ao tao lien tuc nham ap ng ung chc nang nhiem vu c giao. - Ban quan ly cac khu cong nghiep a thanh lap phong quy hoach va quan ly moi trng, va mot so doanh nghiep ln co von au t nc ngoai a co can bo phu trach cong tac moi trng cua n v ( so lng nay rat t so vi tong so doanh nghiep trong tnh ). - Bay phong kinh te ky thuat cua 7 huyen th eu co t 1-2 can bo chuyen trach hoac kiem nhiem cong tac moi trng tren a ban huyen th. Nhn chung c cau to chc quan ly moi trng hien nay so vi nhu cau thc te con thieu rat nhieu, cha ap ng c tnh trang moi trng hien tai va tng lai, nhat la cong tac moi trng cong nghiep va o th. 2. Tnh hnh thc hien Luat bao ve moi trng 2.1. Mot so van ban phap quy ve bao ve moi trng c ban hanh tai Bnh Dng nam 2000 Ngoai mot so nhng van ban phap quy cua Trung ng va tnh a ban hanh t trc ti nay, trong nam 2000 e tiep tuc thc hien ch th 36-CT/TW cua Bo Chnh tr ve viec tang cng cong tac bao ve moi trng trong thi ky cong nghiep hoa- hien ai hoa, Bnh Dng cung a ban hanh them mot so van ban sau : - Ch th so 33/1999/CT-UB cua UBND tnh ve viec tang cng quan ly chat thai nguy hai tren a ban tnh Bnh Dng.

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- Ch th so 01/2000/CT-CT cua Chu tch UBND tnh ve viec tang cng cac bien phap thc hien cong tac phong chay cha chay nam 2000. - Quyet nh so 1494/Q-UB cua UBND tnh ve viec thanh lap oan kiem tra cong tac an toan - ve sinh lao ong - phong chong chay no. - Cong van ch ao so 587/UB-SX cua UBND tnh ve viec to chc thc hien tet trong cay nam 2000. - Cong van ch ao so 956/UB-SX cua UBND tnh ve viec to chc Tet trong cay 19/5 va thc hien trong cay phan tan nam 2000. - Cong van hng dan so 270/KHCNMT cua S Khoa hoc Cong nghe Moi trng ve viec hng dan tam thi hoat ong quan ly KHCNMT cho cac huyen th. 2.2. Cong tac tham nh cac d an au t, bao cao anh gia tac ong moi trng TM van ban ang ky at tieu chuan moi trng ( BK ) Nam 2000 la nam ma Bnh Dng co sc thu hut au t cao, trong o cac d an nc ngoai au t vao Bnh Dng c xep ng au trong toan quoc. So lng d an au t nhieu, song tat ca cac d an au t vao Bnh Dng eu c S Khoa hoc Cong nghe & Moi trng xem xet, gop y bang van ban va trc tiep hop hoi ong tham nh cac d an au t cua tnh hoac cua Ban quan ly cac khu cong nghiep ( nam 2000 khoang 90 d an ). Mac du d an au t vao tnh Bnh Dng nhieu, song theo tinh than Thong t 490/TT-BKHCNMT th so lng d an phai lap TM rat t ( 02 ), con lai la lap BK. V vay Bnh Dng van quan triet tinh than BK la cong cu khong the thieu c ttrong cong tac quan ly moi trng va thc hien bao ve moi trng tai cac doanh nghiep, nen S a tch cc on oc, hng dan cac doanh nghiep thc hien cong tac nay. Ket qua nam 2000 tham nh c 160 BK , qu I nam 2001 tham nh c 56 ban, tong cong tren a ban toan tnh en nay a co 837 n v c

M
250 200 150 100 50 0

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T h thm TM nh nh nh

229

S l- ng b o c o
160

144 93

56

1997

1998

1999

2000

M ar-01

tham nh bao cao TM hoac Ban ang ky at tieu chuan moi trng. The hien qua bieu o sau : Nhn vao so lng tren bieu o cho thay trung bnh hang nam Bnh Dng tham nh cho hn 100 n v. Rieng qu I nam 2001 a vt hn gap 1,5 lan so vi cung ky nam ngoai. ay la ieu ang mng trong cong tac quan ly moi trng, no chng to nang lc quan ly moi trng cua S va y thc chap hanh Luat bao ve moi trng cua cac doanh nghiep tren a ban tnh ngay mot cao. Trong o cac d an au t trc tiep nc ngoai hoac lien doanh vi nc ngoai thc hien cong tac nay kha tot, trong 392 d an th co khoang 350 a lap TM hay BK , at khoang 90%. So vi cac d an au t trong nc (khoang gan 70% ) ty le nay cao hn han. Tuy nhien tren a ban toan tnh mot so nganh nghe gay o nhiem nang nh : che bien mu cao su, det nhuom, giay, bot giay, hoa chat, thuoc bao ve thc vat , kinh doanh xang dau... eu at 100% doanh nghiep a lap TM hay BK. oi vi cac khu cong nghiep : hien nay tren a ban tnh Bnh Dng co 7 khu cong nghiep c cap phep au t, hau het a lap Ban ang ky at tieu chuan moi trng. Rieng 02 khu cong nghiep Tan nh An va An Phu mac du cha c cap phep au t song cung a c Bo KHCN&MT tham nh bao cao TM. Tnh hnh cu the c the hien bang sau :

STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Khu cong nghiep Song Than I Song Than II Bnh ng Viet Nam - Singapore Viet Hng ong An Tan ong Hiep Tong cong

Dien tch ( ha )

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180 486 36 500 46 123 363

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58 66 18 56 29 50 1 278

So d an au t

So d an a i vao hoat ong 40 39 10 40 25 30 1 185

So d an a lap TM hoac BKTCMT 48 59 17 50 26 45 1 246

Nhn chung cac d an au t vao khu cong nghiep a so a tham nh bao cao TM va Bang ang ky at tieu chuan moi trng ( 90% ) so con lai hau het la cac d an cha trien khai. Nh vay co the noi cong tac lap va tham nh ve mat moi trng cho cac doanh nghiep tren a ban tnh Bnh Dng nam 2000 a thc hien kha tot. S KHCN&MT a phoi hp chat che vi S Ke hoach au t, Ban quan ly cac khu cong nghiep, S Xay dng e thc hien tot cong tac nay trc khi cac d an au t i vao hoat ong. 2.3. Cong tac kiem soat o nhiem , thanh tra moi trng : Giai oan au bc vao tien trnh cong nghiep hoa - hien ai hoa, nhan thc ve bao ve moi trng cua doanh nghiep va cong ong cha cao nen cong tac kiem tra, giam sat va thanh tra moi trng la cc ky quan trong trong cong tac quan ly moi trng. Bnh quan moi nam Bnh Dng tien hanh khoang gan 100 lt cho cac cong tac nay va giai quyet t 50-70 n th khieu nai ve moi trng. Rieng nam 2000 ngoai ngoai cong tac kiem tra, thanh tra nh ky va ot xuat - S Khoa hoc cong nghe & moi trng a thc hien giam sat moi trng tai cong xa khu cong nghiep Viet Hng 24/24 gi trong ngay va thc hien lien tuc suot 01 tuan e xac nh lu lng, nong o, tai lng o nhiem nc thai cua Khu cong nghiep Viet Hng va tm nguyen nhan gay o nhiem khu vc suoi Chom sao... t o co c s khoa hoc buoc Khu cong nghiep Viet Hng phai tien hanh xay dng tram x ly nc thai tap trung cho toan khu trong nam 2000 va en thang 5/2001 tram x ly a i vao van hanh nc thai au ra at tieu chuan TCVN 5945-1995 loai A. Ngoai ra tai Bnh Dng cac d an sau khi hoan thanh viec xay dng, lap at cac he thong x ly o nhiem eu c S KHCN&MT kiem tra, nghiem thu hoan cong trc khi i vao van hanh. Sau o cac n v c hng dan t giam sat moi trng en khi cac thong so eu at tieu chuan moi trng Viet Nam va on nh th lam thu tuc xin cap giay phep moi trng. Nh cach quan ly tren en nay tren toan tnh co gan 50% cac n v thc hien cac bien phap x ly o nhiem moi trng sau khi co TM hay BK , rieng cac khu cong nghiep th a so a thc hien tram x ly nc thai tap trung cho toan khu o la : - Khu cong nghiep Viet Nam - Singapore a hoan chnh nha may x ly nc thai giai oan I cong suat 6000 m3/ngay.em va a van hanh t nam 1998. - Khu cong nghiep Viet Hng hoan thanh nha may x ly nc thai giai oan I cong suat 1000 m3/ngay.em, van hanh t thang 5/2001. - Khu cong nghiep Song Than I & II ang xay dng nha may x ly nc thai cong suat 4000 m3/ngay.em, d kien thang 7/2001 se a vao van hanh

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- Khu cong nghiep ong An ang xay dng nha may x ly nc thai toan khu cong suat 2000 m3/ngay.em, d hien cuoi nam 2000 se a vao van hanh. Cung vi cong tac kiem tra, giam sat moi trng th cong tac thanh tra theo n khieu nai ve moi trng nam 2000 tnh Bnh Dng van con, nhng t hn so vi cac nam trc ( 61 n thuoc tham quyen giai quyet cua S), so lng cac n v b phat cung t hn ( 14 n v ) va mc o vi pham cung nhe hn so vi cac nam trc. 2.4. Cong tac quan trac va lap bao cao hien trang moi trng : Trong bao cao hien trang moi trng 5 nam 1994-1999 va bao cao hien trang moi trng nam 2000 Bnh Dng a bao cao kha ay u ve qua trnh va s tien bo vt bac cua cong tac quan trac moi trng tnh Bnh Dng. Nam 2001 nay c s quan tam cua Bo KHCN&MT va UBND tnh Bnh Dng, cong tac quan trac va phan tch moi trng c tang cng them trang thiet b va nang lc quan trac. Cac chng trnh quan trac c cai tien, i vao chieu sau chat lng hn. Quan trac nc mat a tnh toan ung lch trnh theo che o ban nhat trieu ( lay mau theo trieu cng va trieu kiet, v tr lay mau theo ung toa o a ly ). Quan trac khong kh ang tien hanh khao sat, thc hien chng trnh quan trac s bo lai tren a ban toan tnh va thiet ke mang li quan trac khong kh nen cho tnh Bnh Dng. Quan trac tuan thu tai cong xa cac khu cong nghiep va quan trac nc ngam thc hien nh nam 1999 va nam 2000. Phong th nghiem a phan tch c hau het cac ch tieu quan trac c ban. T nam 2000 en nay phong ang tng bc thc hien cac thu tuc e xin cong nhan ISO/IEC 17025 cho mot so ch tieu kiem nghiem hoa ly trong phong th nghiem va lay mau hien trng. Nhn chung cong tac quan trac, phan tch moi trng bc au a cung cap c mot so d lieu cho bao cao hien trang moi trng va phuc vu c mot phan so lieu thong thng cho cong tac kiem tra giam sat va thanh tra tren a ban tnh. Song cac thong so quan trac cha ay u, cha thc hien quan trac va phan tch c moi trng thuy sinh vat, bun ay va moi trng at. oi vi bao cao hien trang moi trng hang nam va 5 nam, Bnh Dng luon thc hien ay u, trnh UBND tnh ky va gi ve Cuc Moi trng. So lieu trong bao cao eu la so lieu mi cap nhat hang nam t so lieu quan trac, thu thap cua cac nganh, cac e tai d an nghien cu trong tnh. 2.5. Cong tac tuyen truyen, giao duc ao tao va thong tin moi trng Co the noi cong tac bao ve moi trng la s nghiep cua quan chung, v vay Bnh Dng rat coi trong cong tac tuyen truyen, giao duc va ao tao kien thc ve bao ve moi trng cho cong ong. Nam 2000 Bnh Dng tiep tuc ay manh cong tac nay ti moi nganh, moi cap, moi to chc oan the xa hoi va cac doanh nghiep san xuat kinh doanh tren a ban tnh. Cac noi dung ve quan ly bao ve moi trng

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thng xuyen c tuyen truyen tren cac phng tien thong tin ai chung, hang tuan eu co chuyen muc khoa hoc cong nghe moi trng tren bao va ai truyen hnh Bnh Dng. Cac hoat ong nh : tuan le nc sach ve sinh moi trng, an toan lao ong, phong chong chay no, ky niem ngay moi trng the gii 5/6, trong cay nh n Bac Ho, ngay lam sach the gii... eu c dien ra khap ni trong tnh bang nhieu hnh thc phong phu nh : hoi thao, thi ve tranh, mittinh co ong vi 1500 lt ngi tham d, phat ong ra quan thc hien phong trao xanh -sach- ep. Hoac Bnh Dng a au t kinh ph hn 118 trieu cho cong tac tuyen truyen va xay dng mo hnh nha ve sinh nong thon hp ve sinh, xa gieng nc. Ve giao duc ao tao hien nay noi dung bao ve moi trng a c long ghep vao cac mon hoc trng pho thong cac cap tai Bnh Dng. ac biet la c long ghep vao cac noi dung tap huan cua hoi phu n, hoi nong dan, cua cau lac bo IPM. ong thi hau het cac can bo lam cong tac quan ly moi trng tren a ban tnh a c tap huan, ao tao ngan han va dai han ve quan ly ky thuat moi trng. Rieng cong tac thong tin moi trng th nam 2000 S KHCN&MT c au t ve cong nghe thong tin va cong nghe GIS, v vay cong tac thong tin moi trng cung bat au c quan tam ti. ay la nam au tien tai Bnh Dng a a cong nghe GIS vao quan ly moi trng oi vi cac doanh nghiep tren a ban tnh, song viec xay dng c s d lieu tch hp ve moi trng, e phuc vu cong tac quan ly va giam sat moi trng tren a ban tnh ch mi la bc khi au, hy vong se c tang cng, ay manh trong nhng nam sau. 3. Hoat ong phoi hp gia S KHCN & MT vi cac cap chnh quyen va cac ban nganh, c s lien quan trong tnh va cac c quan Trung ng : Trong nhng nam qua S KHCN & MT luon luon phoi hp cung cac cap chnh quyen va cac nganh co lien quan nh S Ke hoach - au t, S Nong nghiep - phat trien nong thon, S Giao duc - ao tao, S Xay dng, S Cong nghiep, Ban quan ly cac khu cong nghiep, huyen Thuan An, Ben Cat ..v.v .. e thc hien cong tac moi trng tren a ban tnh. T cong tac xet duyet d an au t en cong tac thanh tra x phat va ca cong tac tuyen truyen giao duc, to chc thi o em tm hieu kien thc c ban ve moi trng ..v.v .. Trong qua trnh thc hien oi vi cac c s san xuat gay o nhiem moi trng th tuy theo quy mo cua c s san xuat ma phan cap cho cac huyen, th hoac phng, xa x ly cac trng hp vi pham Luat bao ve moi trng. oi vi cac c quan Trung ng t cac Vu, Vien, cac trng ai hoc hoac Cuc moi trng va Bo KHCN & MT - S eu co moi quan he phoi hp chat che trong cong tac nghien cu khoa hoc va quan ly moi trng. 4. Tnh hnh xay dng va thc hien ke hoach tong the ve moi trng : Nam 2000 Bnh Dng a xay dng ke hoach hanh ong ve bao ve moi trng tren a ban tnh theo ung quy nh va a thc hien hoan thanh va vt

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mc ke hoach. V du : cong tac tham nh Ban ang ky at tieu chuan moi trng vt 120%. Ngooai ra, Bnh Dng a xay dng ke hoach hoat ong bao ve moi trng nam 2001 va 05 nam 2001-2005 a trnh Bo KHCN&MT ung thi han. Ke hoach nam 2001 a c phe duyet, tnh en nay 5/2001 cac bc cong viec eu thc hien theo ung ke hoach e ra.

II. Hoat ong nghien cu trien khai va hp tac quoc te ve bao ve moi
trng 1. Hoat ong nghien cu trien khai ve bao ve moi trng : e thc hien tot hn na cong tac phong chong suy thoai moi trng, o nhiem moi trng va s co moi trng trong thi ky cong nghiep hoa - hien ai hoa. Bnh Dng la mot tnh co toc o phat trien cong nghiep cao, cung vi ieu o la nhng ap lc ve moi trng, do vay hang nam Bnh Dng eu a phoi hp vi cac trng ai hoc, cac Vien nghien cu thc hien mot so e tai, d an moi trng, rieng nam 2000 a thc hien cac e tai lien quan en cong tac moi trng nh sau : - anh gia hien trang va e xuat cac giai phap nham giam thieu o nhiem moi trng nganh san xuat gach ngoi, gom s tren a ban tnh Bnh Dng. - Xay dng chng trnh bao ve moi trng nham phat trien ben vng tnh Bnh Dng en nam 2010. - He thong thong thong tin a ly ( GIS ) phuc vu quan ly kinh te - xa hoi tnh Bnh Dng. Nam 2000 la nam ban le cua the ky 21, nen cac e tai nghien cu chu yeu thuoc dang e tai ieu tra c ban va chien lc moi trng nham giup Bnh Dng hoach nh ke hoach bao ve moi trng am bao phat trien ben vng trong thi gian ti.

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2. Hp tac quoc te ve moi trng c s quan tam cua Bo KHCN&MT, Bnh Dng la mot trong bon tnh thanh ( Ha Noi, Hai Phong, a Nang, Bnh Dng ) tham gia d an moi trng Viet Nam -Canada t nam 1996 en nay. ay la mot d an c tien hanh trong pham vi hiep nh chung ve phat trien va hp tac gia chnh phu Canada va Chnh phu nc Cong hoa xa hoi Chu ngha Viet Nam ve moi trng. Nam 2000 la nam ket thuc giai oan 1996-2000 cua d an, Bnh Dng a tien hanh anh gia ket qua 04 nam thc hien d an. Ket qua cho thay qua trnh thc hien d an VCEP tai Bnh Dng moi noi dung trong 03 lnh vc chnh la : quan trac moi trng, anh gia tac ong moi trng, quan ly o nhiem cong nghiep o th e thc hien nghiem tuc, at ket qua kha tot va c the

hien qua cac hoat ong ao tao, xay dng c s vat chat, trang thiet b va thc hien d an trnh dien ve quy hoach va quan ly moi trng khu cong nghiep Tng noi dung cu the cua d an a c Bnh Dng long ghep vao cac hoat ong quan ly moi trng cua tnh, chang han gan cong tac hoi thao, tap huan cua VCEP vi cac hoat ong tuyen truyen giao duc nang cao nhan thc bao ve moi trng cho moi tang lp nhan dan, nhat la tang lp thanh nien, hoc sinh cua tnh, bang nhieu hnh thc trong phong trao xanh - sach - ep, trong cac tuan le nc sach ve sinh moi trng, ky niem ngay moi trng the gii... hoac a hoan tat d an trnh dien ve quy hoach va quan ly moi trng khu cong nghiep Song Than I . Thong qua d an tnh trang moi trng khu cong nghiep nay a kha han so vi trc nh : dien tch cay xanh trong khu cong nghiep tang len gap 03 lan , a tien hanh xay dng nha may x ly nc thai giai oan I 2000 m3/ngay. em, d kien thang 7/2001 se a vao van hanh, hau het cac doanh nghiep trong khu cong nghiep eu co bao cao TM hoac Ban ang ky at tieu chuan moi trng, a tng bc nhan thc c van e bao ve moi trng trong doanh nghiep va lam theo khuyen cao cua d an trnh dien. Ket qua cua d an trnh dien Bnh Dng a cung vi chuyen gia Canada xay dng c mot bang hng dan ve quy hoach va quan ly moi trng khu cong nghiep, hy vong ay la tai lieu hu ch cho cong tac quy hoach va quan ly moi trng khu cong nghiep hien hanh tai Bnh Dng va cac tnh khac co the tham khao c. Co the noi d an VCEP a giup Bnh Dng nang cao c nang lc quan ly moi trng tren nhieu lnh vc t : quan trac, anh gia tac ong moi trng en quan ly o nhiem cong nghiep va o th. Cung qua d an nay a nang cao nhan thc ve moi trng cho mot so can bo cac S, Ban, nganh nh : S Ke hoach & au t, S Xay dng, Ban quan ly cac khu cong nghiep... t o moi quan he phoi hp vi S KHCN&MT ngay cang chat che hn ve cong tac bao ve moi trng cua cac doanh nghiep san xuat va cac khu cong nghiep tren a ban tnh. ong thi do ket qua thc hien d an VCEP giai oan I ( 1996-2000) at ket qua tot, Bnh Dng lai c tiep tuc tham gia vao d an VCEP II ( 2001-2005). Hien nay Bnh Dng ang tien hanh xay dng ke hoach thc hien cu the cua giai oan nay, trc mat chung toi ang thiet ke chng trnh quan ly o nhiem cong nghiep, trong o trong tam la chng trnh quan ly o nhiem oi vi 03 nganh u tien nh : che bien mu cao su, det nhuom va gom s.

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III. Khai quat ve nhng van e moi trng cap bach cua tnh Bnh Dng va hng gia quyet trong tng lai:
1. Khai quat nhng van e moi trng cap bach cua tnh : Trong may nam qua Bnh Dng lien tuc tang trng ve cong nghiep, en nay cong nghiep a chiem ti 58% trong c cau kinh te. i lien vi ieu nay la nhng

ap lc ve moi trng, mac du ttrong nhng nam va qua Bnh Dng a giai quyet c kha nhieu van e moi trng tren a ban tnh, v du van e x ly nc thai cua cac khu cong nghiep tap trung, van e nc sach nong thon, van e trong cay xanh... song van con mot so van e moi trng cua tnh can phai c giai quyet o la : 1. O nhiem nc thai cong nghiep, chu yeu tap trung vao mot so nganh nghe nh giay, bot giay, che bien mu cao su, det nhuom, tay giat, san xuat hoa chat ... Nguyen nhan do cac n v thieu von e au t x ly triet e. 2. Van e rac thai o th, rac thai cong nghiep, ke ca rac thai nguy hai hien nay cha thu gom va x ly tot. Cha co khu x ly tap trung, hau het ang t o t do bai rac khong hp ve sinh hoac hp ong thu gom x ly vi mot so t nhan, hay Cong ty Moi Trng Xanh, Cong ty Thanh Thai Thanh pho Ho Ch Minh. 3. O nhiem moi trng do cac c s san xuat nho xen ke trong cac khu dan c, nhat la cac c s gom s, gach ngoi co quy mo nho, cong nghe cu, lac hau, ma cac n v nay eu t von, khong u kinh ph e oi mi cong nghe x ly moi trng. 4. Van e quy hoach moi trng cha thc s c long ghep trong quy hoach phat trien cac nganh, cac o th va khu dan c tap trung. He thong thoat nc th xa, th tran va cac khu dan c tap trung cha tot, nc thai sinh hoat nhng ni nay cha c x ly trc khi o ra song Sai Gon va ong Nai, nen t nhieu cung gop phan lam anh hng en chat lng nc hai con song nay. 5. Van e cai tao, phuc hoi moi trng trong va sau khai thac khoang san cha lam tot, cha thc hien nghiem chnh viec ky quy moi trng trc khi cap phep khai thac mo. 6. Bo may quan ly nha nc ve moi trng cap tnh qua nho, cha u nhan lc, nang lc thc hien cong tac quan ly moi trng oi vi mot tnh phat trien cong nghiep manh nh Bnh Dng. Bi khoi lng cong viec quan ly moi trng qua nhieu, t cong tac tham nh ve moi trng cho cac d an au t, en tham nh bao cao TM, Ban ang ky at tieu chuan moi trng, cong tac quan trac va phan tch moi trng, cong tac kiem tra, giam sat moi trng cho cac doanh nghiep ( hien nay ch at ty le 1 ngi/260 doanh nghiep, cha ke cac c s san xuat nho ) en cong tac truyen thong nang cao nhan thc moi trng cho cong ong va cac doanh nghiep. 2. Hng giai quyet trong tung lai : e nhanh chong khac phuc cac van e moi trng cap bach neu tren, nham am bao phat trien ben vng thc hien thang li cong nghiep hoa, hien ai hoa, Bnh Dng can phai co hng giai quyet nh sau :

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1. Tiep tuc ay manh cong tac thong tin tuyen truyen, giao duc bang moi hnh thc e nang cao nhan thc moi trng cho moi nganh, moi cap, moi tang lp nhan dan va cac doanh nghiep san xuat kinh doanh tren a ban tnh. 2. Nam 2001 phai tien hanh xay dng cac chng trnh bao ve moi trng kha thi t nay en nam 2010, nham am bao phat trien ben vng tnh Bnh Dng. 3. Xay dng va thc hien chng trnh quan ly o nhiem cong nghiep tren a ban tnh giai oan 2001-2005, trong tam la chng trnh quan ly o nhiem cac nganh u tien : che bien mu cao su, det nhuom, giay bot giay, gom s. 4. Can xem xet, nghien cu, tm bien phap giai quyet van e rac thai o th va cong nghiep phu hp vi ieu kien cu the cua tnh Bnh Dng hien nay. 5. Thc hien tot noi dung quy hoach nh hng khai thac khoang san en nam 2010. Tiep tuc thc hien ky quy moi trng cho cac n v khai thac khoang san tren a ban tnh. ong thi ay manh kiem tra giam sat buoc cac n v phai khoi phuc va cai tao moi trng, canh quan trong va sau khai thac mo theo quy nh hien hanh. 6. Pho bien, tuyen truyen rong rai viec ap dung cac bien phap san xuat sach hn cho cac doanh nghiep tren a ban tnh. Co the ho tr mot phan kinh ph thc hien san xuat sach hn cho mot so mo hnh cu the sau o nhan rong ra toan tnh. 7. ay manh hoat ong cua cac cau lac bo nha nong e a chng trnh bao ve nong thon vao thc tien cac vung san xuat nong nghiep va sinh hoat nong thon tren a ban tnh. 8. Can xay dng quy moi trng cho tnh e co the ho tr cho cac phong trao quan chung bao ve moi trng, ho tr cho cac doanh nghiep nho va va lam cong tac giam thieu o nhiem bao ve moi trng. 9. Tang cng cac bien phap quan ly tong hp nguon nc theo lu vc song. Can phai quy hoach lai va au t mi cac tuyen thoat nc o th, khu dan c . Tng khu dan c, chung c, ho dan bat buoc phai xay dng ham t hoai va ho lang nc thai trc khi o vao cong cong cong. 10. UBND cac huyen th can co nhng quy nh cu the ve viec gi gn ve sinh o th, khu dan c, quy hoach xay dng he thong thoat nc va x ly nc thai trc khi xa xuong song Sai Gon. 11. Cac cap, cac nganh trong tnh can phoi hp chat che va ong bo vi S KHCN & MT e cac d an au t va cac doanh nghiep ang hoat ong thc hien tot Luat bao ve moi trng. 12. ay manh cong tac quan trac, phan tch moi trng hang nam, anh gia va d bao dien bien moi trng lam c s cho viec xay dng bao cao Hien trang moi trng cua tnh.

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13. Xay dng bo may quan ly moi trng u manh ve nhan lc, vat lc t cap tnh, huyen en cac xa phng va cac khu cong nghiep e ap ng yeu cau quan ly moi trng trong thi ky cong nghiep hoa - hien ai tnh nha.

chng IV

I. Ket luan :

Bnh Dng la mot tnh nam trong vung kinh te trong iem pha Nam, trong nhng nam gan ay va nhat la nam 2000 va qua, Bnh Dng co toc o tang trng kinh te kha cao, cong nghiep phat trien manh, thu hut cac d an au t trong va ngoai nc ngay cang gia tang. Do o ap lc ve moi trng ngay cang nhieu, a tr thanh moi quan tam cua moi nganh, moi cap, moi tang lp nhan dan va oan the xa hoi tren a ban tnh. Trong o trong tam la van e o nhiem moi trng do hoat ong cong nghiep, tieu thu cong nghiep va o th. ac biet la o nhiem do nc thai cua mot so nganh gay o nhiem nang nh giay, bot giay, che bien mu cao su, det nhuom, che bien nong san thc pham, hoa chat; o nhiem do cac c s san xuat nho va va nam xen ke trong khu dan c, o nhiem do chat thai ran cong nghiep va o th, do cha co he thong thu gom, x ly hp ve sinh va ung tieu chuan quy nh, o nhiem bui do lam ng giao thong va khai thac khoang san at, a, set cao lanh... T nhng van e trong tam tren ma chat lng moi trng nc mat mot so kenh rach va song Sai Gon a b o nhiem hu c va vi sinh. Chat lng moi trng khong kh chu yeu la o nhiem bui.

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Xac nh c van e moi trng c ban tren, Bnh Dng a tch cc ay manh cac hoat ong quan ly nha nc ve bao ve moi trng trong nam 2000 va a thu c ket qua sau :

1. Thong qua cac hoat ong thong tin, tuyen truyen va giao duc ma nhan thc ve moi trng cua cac nganh, cac cap, cac tang lp nhan dan, ke ca thanh thieu nien va hoc sinh a c nang len mot bc so vi trc ay khi cha co Luat bao ve moi trng. 2. Phong trao xanh - sach - ep, phong trao IPM hoac cong tac trong rng phu xanh at trong, oi troc a bc au phat trien tot, va co y ngha bao ve moi trng va mang lai hieu qua kinh te xa hoi. 3. Chng trnh nc sach va ve sinh moi trng nong thon thc hien tot, en nay a co 68,5% dan nong thon c dung nc sach, la mot trong nhng tnh at ty le cao trong toan quoc. 4. Cong tac anh gia tac ong moi trng va ang ky at tieu chuan moi trng cua cac d an va cac c s ang hoat ong a thc hien kha tot ( 837 n v ) so vi 61 tnh thanh trong ca nc. Nhieu cong ty, x nghiep a au t xay dng cac he thong x ly chat thai ( kh thai, nc thai, ) co hieu qua nh Cong ty sa Foremoste, Cong ty My An, My Phu .. .. 5. Hien nay a co 5 khu cong nghiep xay dng nha may x ly nc thai tap trung cho toan khu o la : khu cong nghiep Viet Nam - Singapore, Song Than I & II, ong An, Viet Hng. 6. So vi cac nam trc th nam 2000 co so lng n th khieu nai giam nhieu, cac doanh nghiep vi pham hanh chnh ve bao ve moi trng t hn, quy mo pham vi nho hn. 7. a hoan thanh hai e tai nghien cu ve moi trng trong nam 2000 o la e tai nghien cu ve chng trnh bao ve moi trng en nam 2010 va e tai anh gia hien trang va e xuat cac giai phap nham giam thieu o nhiem moi trng nganh gom s, gach ngoi. 8. C cau to chc hoat ong quan ly moi trng cha hoan chnh t tnh cho ti cac nganh, cac huyen, th va ngay tai cac n v san xuat kinh doanh, ieu nay anh hng ln en cong tac bao ve moi trng va phat trien ben vng cua tnh. II. Kien ngh : Xuat phat t nhng van e moi trng cap bach va xu the dien bien trong tng lai, Bnh Dng co mot so kien ngh vi cac Bo nganh Trung ng nh sau : 1. Nhanh chong kien toan va nang cap c quan quan ly nha nc ve bao ve moi trng t Trung ng en a phng, tao ieu kien can thiet ve to chc, nhan lc, c s vat chat ky thuat e c quan nay u sc thc hien tot chc nang quan ly moi trng, va t van hoach nh cac van e ve bao ve moi trng nham phat trien ben vng tnh nha.

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2. e ngh Trung ng nghien cu , xem xet, cho phep cac a phng s dung kinh ph nop phat cua cac doanh nghiep, kinh ph ho tr cua cac to chc hoac n v hao tam thanh lap quy moi trng cua tnh, nham nang cao nhan thc moi trng cho cong ong va cac doanh nghiep, ho tr cac phong trao quan chung bao ve moi trng va ho tr cho cac doanh nghiep nho va va tren a ban tnh ap dung bien phap san suat sach hn, giam thieu o nhiem moi trng. 3. e ngh Bo KHCN & MT sm ban hanh tieu chuan thai cho tng nganh (san xuat giay, bot giay, det nhuom, che bien mu cao su, hat ieu, vat lieu xay dng ) cho vung va cho khu vc rieng. 4. e ngh cac bo nganh co lien quan sm ban hanh cac quy nh cu the ve nguon tai chnh cho nhiem vu bao ve moi trng theo cac ieu khoan tai chng Vngh nh 175/ CP cua chnh phu. 5. Can nghien cu, ban hanh cac chnh sach che o khuyen khch oi vi cac n v c cap giay phep moi trng, va quy che quan ly moi trng rieng cho cac KCN tap trung. 6. e ngh Bo KHCN & MT sm trnh chnh phu thanh lap Ban bao ve chat lng nc lu vc song ong Nai va Sai Gon e am bao phat trien ben vng cua vung ong Nam Bo. 7. Bo KHCN & MT can co ke hoach ao tao trc mat va theo quy hoach lau dai cho oi ngu can bo lam cong tac moi trng Trung ng va a phng ke ca cac huyen th, cac khu cong nghiep . 8. e ngh Bo KHCN & MT nghien cu ban hanh cac quy nh va tieu chuan u ieu kien hanh nghe t van dch vu ve moi trng thong nhat trong ca nc cho cac n v lam t van dch vu moi trng.

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Phan phu luc

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