SX Bot Mi Theo PP Kho

n cng ngh 2
Thit k nh my sn xut bt
LI NI U
X hi ngy cng pht trin i sng con ngi ngy cng c ci thin, i
cng vi xu th nhu cu s dng cc sn phm ca con ngi ngy cng c
nng cao. Trong lng thc gi vai tr rt quan trng, y l ngun cung cp nng
lng ch yu trong khu phn n hng ngy v cng khng th thiu trong cc ngnh
sn xut cng nghip. Trong s cc loi cy lng thc cng vi ng v la go th
la m l cy thuc h ho tho thuc vo loi c sn lng cao nht, c trng
nhiu ni trn th gii, tp trung ch yu cc vng c kh hu n i, a kh hu m
kh, cn t ai mu m v kh nng chu lnh tt nn chng c mt nhiu nc
nh Trung Quc, n , M, Nga, Php, CanadaTrong cc sn phm ch bin t
la m th bt m l sn phm c gi tr s dng cao v c dng rt ph bin. Vi
c tnh ni bt, bt m c hm lng gluten cao m cc loi bt khc khng c c,
v vy bt m l nguyn liu chnh v khng th thay th trong cng ngh sn xut
bnh m, bnh ko, cc loi m n lin
Vit Nam l nc khng trng c la m do vy vic nhp khu bt m t
nc ngoi v s c gi thnh cao hn bt m sn xut trong nc. Hn na, qu trnh
vn chuyn v bo qun gp nhiu kh khn. V vy, p ng nhu cu s dng bt
m ngy cng tng ng thi ch ng c ngun nguyn liu th vic thit k nh
my sn xut bt m trong nc l rt cn thit.
Khu vc Min Trung v Ty Nguyn hin nay c rt t cc nh my sn xut bt
m (nh my bt m Nng, Qung Nam v Ngh An), nng sut cha p ng
c vi nhu cu s dng thc t. V vy vic xy dng thm mt nh my ti khu
vc ny l rt cn thit, va p ng nhu cu v bt m va gp phn to vic lm cho
ngi lao ng v tng thm ngn sch... Xut pht t s thit yu ny ti c giao
nhim v Thit k nh my sn xut bt m theo phng php kh cho n
cng ngh ca mnh.
GVHD: TS. ng Minh Nht
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CHNG 1. TNG QUAN

1.1. Tng quan v nguyn liu
1.1.1. Gii thiu v cy la m
La m c ngun gc t Ty Nam .
Vic trng trt la m bt u lan rng ra ngoi khu vc. Vo khong nm
300 TCN, la m xut hin ti Ethiopia, n , Ireland v Ty Ban Nha. Khong
mt thin nin k sau n ti Trung Quc. Ngy nay la m c trng nhiu ni v
l ngun lng thc chnh ca nhiu quc gia trn th gii. Sn lng la m hng
nm khong trn 550 triu tn, chim 28% sn lng lng thc. Trung Quc ng
u th gii v sn lng la m, tip theo l n , Hoa K, Nga, Php, Ca-na-a,
Austraylia...
1.1.2. Phn loi la m [8, tr 43].
La m rt a dng v phong ph, khong 20 dng. Chng khc nhau v cu to
bng, hoa, ht v mt s c tnh khc. Phn ln l la m di, ch mt s loi thuc
la m c nghin cu k nh: la m mm, la m cng, la m Anh, m Ba Lan, la
m ln. Loi c trng ph bin nht l la m mm v la m cng.
- La m mm (Triticum vulgare)
L loi c trng nhiu nht, c loi c ru c loi khng ru, ru ca la m
mm khng hon ton xui theo bng m hi ria ra xung quanh bng. Ht bu dc,
mu trng ng i khi hi . Ni nh na trng trong nhng c loi trng trong hon
ton hoc c hon ton.
La m cng (Triticum durum)
La m cng c bng dy ht hn, hu ht chng u c ru, ru di v ngc
ln dc theo trc ca bng. Ht ca la m cng di, mu vng i khi hi . Ni
nh trng trong, trng trong thng khong 95 100%.
- La m Anh (Triticum turgidum)
Cu to bng gn ging la m cng, bng dy ht. Khi ct ngang bng c hnh
trn hay bn cnh, ht hnh hi elip. Ni nh na trng trong hay c hon ton.
- La m Balan (Triticum polonicum)
Bng di v hi dt, c ru. Ht di, dt, mu h phch hay vng xm, ni nh
na trng trong.
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- La m ln (Triticum compactum)
Bng ngn, c loi c ru, c loi khng. Tnh cht gn ging la m mm,
nhng ht nh, cht lng bt v bnh km hn do loi ny t trng.
Vit Nam bt m thng c sn xut t ht la m thng thng c tn l
Triticum aestivum L. Thn cy cao khong 1,2 m mc thng ng, l n, c ru di
6-8 cm. Ht c mu xanh sng, dng hnh trng.
1.1.3. Cu to v tnh cht ht la m [8, tr 44].
Khc vi cc ht ha tho khc, la m c phn lng v phn bng, pha lng l
phng v c phi cn pha bng c rnh lm vo dc theo ht cho nn khi xc nh
kch thc ngi ta o chiu di, chiu rng v chiu dy ca ht.
l - Chiu di.
V qu
a - Chiu rng.
b - Chiu dy.
V ht
Alrng
Ni nh
a Pha lng
Pha bng
Hnh 1.1-a. Ht la m
Hnh 1.1-b. Ct ngang ht la m

Cc loi la m khc nhau th c hnh dng, kch thc, cu to bn trong v
thnh phn ha hc khc nhau, nhng ch yu gm 4 phn chnh l v, lp alrng,
ni nh v phi.
Bng 1.1. T l khi lng tng phn ca ht la m (%)
Cc phn ca ht
Ni nh
Lp alrng
V qu v v ht
Phi
Cc tiu
78,33
3,25
8,08
2,22
Cc i
83,69
9,48
10,80
4,00
Trung bnh
81,60
6,54
8,72
3,14
a) V
L lp bo v cho phi v ni nh khi tc ng bn ngoi. Thnh phn chnh
ca n l xenluloza (18 22%), hemixenluloza v pentozan (43 45%), hp cht
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nit (4,5 4,8%), tro (3,5 5%). V khng c gi tr dinh dng v nh hng xu
n cht lng bt m nn trong qu trnh ch bin tch ra c cng nhiu cng tt.
- V qu: gm nhiu lp t bo, chim 4 6% khi lng ton ht. Lp v qu
ca ht la m mng, khng c chc nh v tru ca thc nn trong qu trnh tc
ng vt l s d dng tch ra.
- V ht: nm pha trong v qu, chim 2 2,5% khi lng ton ht, gm 2
lp t bo, lp ngoi l nhng t bo xp kht nhau cha cc cht mu, cn lp trong
l nhng t bo khng mu t thm nc, v ht bn v dai nu dng lc xay xt kh
th kh bc c lp v ny do trong sn xut bt m ngi ta thng gia m v
m tch ra. V ht khng c gi tr dinh dng, nh hng xu n cht lng ca
bt m v cc sn phm do c cha sc t.
b) Lp alrng
Lp ny nm pha trong lp v, cu to t mt hng t bo ln, thnh dy cha
protein, cht bo, ng, xenlulo, tro v cc vitamin B1, B2, PP. Cc t bo trong lp
alrng cng gn phi th kch thc cng nh dn. Chiu dy lp alorong ph thuc
vo ging ht v iu kin canh tc.
c) Ni nh
Ni nh la m chim 77 - 82% khi lng ton ht, l phn ch yu sn xut
ra bt m. Ni nh c cu to t cc t bo ln c thnh rt mng, cha y tinh bt
v cc th protein. Ty thuc vo mc cha y protein ca t bo, mc lin kt
ca protein vi cc ht tinh bt cng nh kch thc v hnh dng ca tinh bt m ni
nh c th trng trong, trng c hoc trng trong tng phn.
trng trong l mt trong cc ch s cht lng quan trng ca la m. Nu
loi c trng trong cao th ni nh t, cng, kh nghin nhng cht lng bt cao,
lm bnh tt.
Gn nh tt c tinh bt ca ht u tp trung ni nh (78 82%), ngoi ra cn
c ng sacaroza (2%), ng kh (0,1 0,3%), protein (13 15%), tro (0,3
0,5%), cht bo (0,5 0,8%), xelluloza (0,07 0,12%).
Bt m tch t ni nh th trng p. Bt tch t ni nh v mt phn t lp
alrng th c mu trng ng, c nhiu cht dinh dng nhng kh bo qun.
d) Phi
Phi chim 3,24% khi lng ton ht, cha nhiu cht dinh dng nh protein
(35%), cc gluxit ha tan (25%), cht bo (15%). Phn ln lng sinh t v enzim
u tp trung y.
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Phi cch ni nh bi lp ng, lp ng c cu to t nhng t bo c kh

nng cho thm thu cc cht ha tan. Lp ng rt quan trng v cc cht dinh dng
t ni nh sang phi phi qua y.
1.1.4. Thnh phn ha hc ca ht la m [8, tr 4550]
Thnh phn ha hc trung bnh ca la m theo % nh sau:
- Nc
: 14 15
- Prtein
: 13 15
- Cht bo : 2,3 2,8
- Tinh bt : 65 68
- Xelluloza : 2,5 3,0
- Pentoza
:89
- Tro
: 1,8 2
Ngoi ra trong la m cn c mt lng dextrin, mui khong, vitamin, cht men
v mt s cht khc. Cc cht ny phn b khng u trong tng phn ca ht.
S phn b cc cht trong ht la m c th hin qua bng sau:
Bng 1.2. S phn b cc cht trong ht la m (xem mi cht trong ht l 100%)
Cc phn ca ht
Ht
Ni nh
V v alrng
Phi
Protein
100
65
27
8
Tinh
bt
100
100
-
Cht
bo
100
25
55
20
ng
100
65
15
20
Xelluloza Pentoza
100
5
90
5
100
28
68
4
Tro
100
20
70
10
1.1.4.1. Protein
Hm lng protein ca la m dao ng trong khong kh ln t 9,6 25,8%.
Ngoi protein cn c mt lng nit phi protein chim khong 0,0330,061%.
Protein la m gm albumin, globulin, gliadin v glutenin, trong ch yu l
gliadin v glutenin. Hai protein ny chim khong 70 - 85% tng lng protein ca
la m. Chng khng ha tan trong nc nhng c kh nng ht nc, trng n to
thnh mt khi do n hi gi l gluten. i vi la m bnh thng th lng gluten
ti chim khong 20 25% khi lng ht.
Cht lng gluten c th hin qua cc ch s nh: mu sc, kh nng ht
nc, n hi v cng t, bn ban u v s thay i th tch khi nng.
+ Mu sc: Gluten tt c mu sng hoc hi vng, gluten xu th mu xm.
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+ Kh nng ht nc ca gluten: gluten tt c kh nng ht nc cao. Thng

gluten ti cha 6575% nc hay kh nng ht nc ca gluten kh l 190 200%.
+ n hi: N biu hin kh nng gi kh ca bt.
+ cng t: Cng c trng cho kh nng gi kh ca bt. c xc nh
bng di ko t ca 2,5g gluten ti trc thc k ly. cng t trung bnh
vo khong 15cm v c th di hn.
+ S thay i th tch gluten khi nng: L ch s quan trng c trng n
ca gluten.
nh gi cht lng protein ca la m khng nhng ch ti hm lng v
cht lng gluten m cn phi ch ti thnh phn aminoaxit ca protein na.
Thnh phn protein ca la m c khong 20 aminoaxit. Trong nhiu hn c
l leusin, phenyl alamin, chng tp trung ch yu ni nh. Trong phi nhiu lizin.
1.1.4.2. Gluxit
Trong thnh phn ca la m c nhiu gluxit, trong tinh bt chim 47 73%,
ngoi ra cn c lng ng kh t 0,11 0,37%, sacaroza 1,93 3,67% v
maltoza 0,93 2,63%.
Gluxit keo: l cc pentozan ha tan, ch yu cha trong ni nh ca ht. Gluxit
keo c tnh ho nc cao, khi trng n trong nc cc gluxit keo to thnh dch keo
c nh hng ln n tnh cht l hc ca bt nho.
1.1.4.3. Cht tro
Trong la m c mt lng nh cht tro. N phn b khng u trong tng phn
ca ht, ch yu l P, Ca v Mg. Phn ln cht tro tp trung v v phi.
1.1.4.4. Cht bo
Ht la m c mt lng nh cht bo, n phn b khng u trong tng phn
ca ht. S phn b cht bo trong ht ch yu tp trung phi v cm cn ni nh
rt t. Thnh phn cht bo ca la m bao gm axit bo no v khng no nh axit
panmitic, xtearic, oleic, linolic, linolelic
1.1.4.5. Vitamin
Trong la m c mt lng vitamin gm vitamin A, nhm B, H, E, K v mt vi
loi khc. Vitamin A, B1, B2, B3, E ch yu tp trung phi ht v vy thng dng
cm m sn xut cc vitamin ny, thng sn xut ra vitamin E. Ni nh c t
vitamin.
1.1.4.6. Cc enzym
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y l nhng protit c tnh xc tc, trong thi k chn ca ht cc enzym tham

gia vo qu trnh tng hp cc cht phc tp, cn trong thi gian bo qun ht th cc
enzym li xc tc s phn hy cc cht phc tp thnh cc cht n gin. Cc enzym
ch yu trong la m nh:
Enzym thy phn: , -amylaza, proteaza, lipaza, Cc enzym oxy ha kh,
lipoxydaza, phitaza
1.1.5. Tnh cht cng ngh v yu cu k thut ca ht la m
1.1.5.1. Tnh cht cng ngh ca ht la m [8, tr 9].
Tnh cht cng ngh ca ht la m bt u t c im v ging, sau l cc
tnh cht vt l ca khi ht nh dung trng, c im hnh hc, sch, m. T l
ly bt cng nh hng n cht lng ca bt nh nh hng n tiu ha. Trong
sn xut bt m ta phi xc nh c cc thng s sau:
a) tro ca ht
tro ca ht l mt yu t rt quan trng v n nh hng n tro ca bt v
bn thnh phm. Bt thng hng th tro nh hn 0,55%.
b) trng trong ca ht
trng trong ca ht dao ng trong khong 10 100%. Ht trng trong c cu
to chc v cng hn, cho ra bt c hm lng protein cao nhng tiu hao nng lng
khi nghin l ln hn ht c.
c) Tnh cht bt ca ht
Tnh cht bt c trng bng hm lng ni nh, hiu sut v cht lng ca cc
sn phm trung gian cng nh ca bt trong qu trnh nghin th (nghin v) v qu
trnh nghin mn (nghin li). Cc ch s chnh dng nh gi tnh cht bt ca ht
gm:
- S lng tm, v v hm lng tro ca chng.
- Hiu sut v cht lng ca bt thng hng 4 -5 h nghin u.
- Hiu sut chung ca bt v cht lng bt.
- Mc xt v (xc nh bng hm lng tinh bt trong cm).
- Tiu hao nng lng cho mt tn bt thnh phm.
1.1.5.2. Yu cu k thut i vi ht la m [15].
a) Nhng c tnh chung, v tnh cht cm quan
Ht la m phi c dn, sch, khng c mi v l hay mi chng t ht b h
hng, ht khng c cht ph gia hay cht c hi.
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D lng thuc bo v thc vt khng vt qu mc ti a cho php, khng c

cn trng sng.
b) Nhng c tnh l ha
- m nh hn 15,5%
- Dung trng (khi lng ca 100 lt ht) ln hn 70 kg/100 lt.
- Ht la m h hng do cc nguyn nhn khc nhau < 15% tng khi lng.
1.1.6. Cc hot tnh sinh l ca khi ht trong qu trnh bo qun
Mc d ht tch khi cy, khi bo qun trong kho n khng quang hp na
nhng n vn l vt th sng v nhng hot ng sinh l vn tip tc din ra, nhng
hot ng sinh l gm: qu trnh h hp, qu trnh chn sau thu hoch, s ny mm,
hin tng t bc nng, s dnh ca khi ht xy ra trong qu trnh bo qun.
1.1.6.1. Qu trnh h hp
Ty theo lng oxi m c th l h hp hiu kh hoc ym kh.
Nu khong khng trong khi ht c t l oxy chim khong th ht c th tin
hnh h hp hiu kh. Phng trnh tng qut ca qu trnh h hp hiu kh:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + 674 Kcal
Nu khi ht b bt kn hon ton hoc b nn cht, th t l oxy trong khong
khng gian xung quanh khi ht s gim xung di , trong khi ht ngoi h hp
hiu kh s xy ra c hin tng h hp ym kh. Phng trnh tng qut nh sau:
C6H12O6 = 2CO2 + 2C2H5OH + 28 Kcal
Cho d l h hp hiu kh hay ym kh cng c s tn hao cht kh v to ra kh
CO2 (khong 12 15%), iu ny l khng mong mun trong bo qun. i vi h
hp hiu kh th qu trnh h hp to ra nc lm tng m ca khi ht dn n
khi ht d b tn cng bi vi sinh vt.
Kt qu ca qu trnh h hp
- Lm hao ht cht kh ca ht.
- Lm tng thy phn ca hat v m tng i khng kh xung quanh ht.
- Tng nhit ca khi ht dn n hin tng t bc nng.
- Lm thay i thnh phn ca khng kh trong khi ht.
1.1.6.2. Qu trnh chn sau thu hoch
Vic chn sau thu hoch ht din ra u thi k bo qun v ban u c ht
cha chn hon ton. Thc cht qu trnh chn sau thu hoch l qu trnh sinh ha xy
ra trong t bo v m ht. Qu trnh ny lm gim cc cht hu c ha tan trong nc
ca ht v lm tng thm lng dinh dng ca ht (nh lng axit amin gim
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tng lng protit, lng ng gim tng lng tinh bt). Hot lc enzim gim
dn v cng h hp cng gim.
Thi gian chn sau thu hoch ph thuc vo mc chn ca ht khi thu hoch,
nhit , m khng kh
Lng hi nc v nhit sinh ra tng i ln lm cho ht nng m, thc y
cc qu trnh h hng d xy ra.
Tm li, qu trnh chn sau thu hoch l qu trnh c li v cht lng ca ht
c hon thin, nng lc sng ca ht mnh m hn, bo qun s an ton hn.
1.1.6.3. Qu trnh ny mm
Hin tng ny mm xy ra nu ta bo qun trong iu kin khng tt bi v ht
mun mc mm cn c 3 iu kin: m thch hp (>30%), oxi v mt lng
nhit ti thiu cn thit.
Hin tng ny mm lm ht h hp rt mnh nn lng cht kh gim i nhiu
v lng nhit do ht thi ra ln lm tng nhit khi ht v hot ng sng ca
khi ht. Mt khc, khi ht ny mm, trong ht xy ra s bin i su sc v thnh
phn ha hc lm cht lng ca ht b gim st.
1.1.6.4. Qu trnh t bc nng
Trong qu trnh bo qun th cc vt th sng trong khi ht (ht, VSV, su mt)
s h hp mnh to ra mt lng nhit rt ln. V do ht dn nhit km nn nhit
khi ht tng cao kt qu lm thay i cc ch s cm quan, thay i cht lng ca
ht v cht lng ging Qu trnh gi l hin tng t bc nng ca khi ht.
1.1.6.5. S dnh ca khi ht
Hin tng mt tng phn hay ton b ri ca khi ht gi l s dnh ca
khi ht. Khi ht b dnh do cc nguyn nhn sau:
- Do p sut khi ht trong xilo, c bit l cc xilo c ng knh ln, cao.
- Dnh do lm lnh qu mc.
- Dnh do b bc nng.
- Dnh do cc nguyn nhn khc nh hot ng ca vi sinh vt.
S dnh ca khi ht trong bo qun l mt hin tng khng mong mun. Do
, trong bo qun ht cn tm cch ngn chn cc ht khng b dnh vi nhau.
1.2. Cc phng php bo qun ht
bo qun ht mt cch hiu qu (gim mt mt v khi lng, bo m v
cht lng v gim chi ph lao ng thp nht cho mt n v bo qun) cn phi nm
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10
r tnh cht, tnh trng ca mi khi ht khi em vo bo qun, v nh hng ca mi

trng xung quanh n khi hat.
a) Bo qun ht trng thi kh
C s chung: da vo kh nng hot ha sinh l thp ca nhiu cu t trong ht
khi lng nc trong khi ht thp. Khi m ca ht nh hn m ti hn th cc
qu trnh trong ht xy ra khng ng k. V vy ngi ta thng bo qun W <
Wti hn (13 14%) bng cc phng php sy hoc phi.
b) Bo qun ht trng thi thiu khng kh
C s chung: thiu oxi cng h hp ca ht gim, ht chuyn sang h hp
ym kh v gim dn hot ng sng. Vi sinh vt trong khi ht phn ln thuc loi
a kh nn khi khng c oxi th coi nh hot ng sng ca vi sinh vt b nh ch.
Thiu oxi th d dng loi b s pht trin ca su b.
C 3 phng php to mi trng thiu oxy:
- Tch ly CO2 v mt O2 do s h hp ca cc c th sng trong khi ht.
- a vo khi ht nhng cht kh khc y khng kh ra khi khi ht.
- To chn khng cho khi ht.
c) Bo qun ht trng thi lnh
C s chung: da trn s nhy cm ca tt c cc cu t sng trong khi ht vi
nhit thp.
Ngi ta thc hin vic lm lnh bng cch thng gi, co o khi ht
Vi c im la m nhp v vi s lng ln v t m bo qun nn ti
quyt nh bo qun ht trnh thi kh. ng thi thng xuyn kim tra s xm
nhp ca VSV, cn trng c bin php phng chng kp thi.
1.3. Mt s ch tiu v bt m [ 9, tr 55]
Cht lng bt m thnh phm phi t c nhng yu cu sau:
Ch tiu cm quan:
- Trng thi b mt: bt mn, u ht
- Mu sc: trng ng n ng vng
- Mi: khng c mi hi, mc v cc mi khc l
- V: v bnh thng khng c v ng hoc v chua
- Tp cht: khng c tp cht nhn thy bng mt thng v khi nhai khng c
cm gic sn
Ch tiu ha l:
- m 13.5%
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11
- tro 1%
- axit 2% (% tnh bng ml NaOH 0.1N)
- Gluten th, t 28% khi lng.
1.4. Gii thiu mt s dy chuyn sn xut bt m
Trong thc t sn xut mi nh my c mt quy trnh ch bin khc nhau, nhng
cc cng on c bn th ging nhau nh cc cng on nghin, phn loi hn hp
nghin ty vo iu kin ca nh my, phng php sn xut m c thm bt mt
s cng on nhng vn m bo gi nguyn nhng cng on c bn. Sau y l cc
quy trnh sn xut bt m ca mt s nh my.
a) Quy trnh nh my bt m Vit :
Nguyn liu H thng tip nhn nguyn liu Nam chm 1 Cn Sng
tp cht xilo cha Lu lng k Nam chm 2 Cn Sng tp cht, my
tch sn Lu lng k Gia m v m ln 1 Gia m v m ln 2 My xt
v Nhn ht Cn Nam chm 3 My xay kp Sng My xay n
Sng Bt mn Cn Xilo cha X l tp cht Xilo ng bao Bo qun
v tiu th sn phm.
u im: Nguyn liu qua 2 ln gia m v m nn lng v tch ra c hon
ton, cht lng bt tng i tt.
Nhc im: Quy trnh cng ngh di v phc tp.
b) Quy trnh sn xut bt m tham kho
Nguyn liu H thng tip nhn, kim tra, phn loi v bo qun nguyn liu
My tch , tp cht ln v mn My tch tp cht bi bng khng kh My
chn ht My xt v Tch kim loi bng nam chm B cha gia m c cnh
khuy Xilo gia nhit Phu cha hn hp nghin Nghin th (trc c rng)
Sng v phn loi sau nghin Bt th Nghin mn (trc nhn) Sng v phn
loi hn hp sau nghin Bt mn Ty mu Lm giu bt (b sung thiamin,
niacin, riboflavin,) ng bao, bo qun.
u im: Quy trnh cng ngh n gin hn, s lng my mc thit b t.
Nhc im: Quy trnh cn s si, y qu trnh xt v kh nn lng v la
c th tch ra khng c hon ton. Sn xut ra bt m nhng cht lng khng cao.
Nhn chung, hai quy trnh sn xut bt m ny u c cc cng on chnh c
bn ging nhau. u gm 3 cng on sau:
- Chun b ht trc khi nghin.
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- Cng on nghin v phn loi sn phm nghin.

- Cng on kim tra cht lng v bo qun thnh phm.
CHNG 2. CHN V THUYT MINH DY CHUYN SN XUT
2.1. Chn dy chuyn sn xut

La m khc vi la go l la go c lp v tru dy, lc lin kt gia v vi
ni nh b nn qu trnh lm sch ht la go rt d dng. Cn la m c lp v mng
lc lin kt vi ni nh ln, ng thi ht la m c pha lng v pha bng, pha bng
lm, nn vic lm sch b mt ht gp nhiu kh khn. Nu khng lm sch tt s lm
gim cht lng ca bt m thnh phm.
Cc tp cht c trong nguyn liu nh hng rt ln n cht lng bt thnh
phm, vic lm sch nguyn liu ban u c ngha quan trng trong vic la chn
dy chuyn sn xut. Da vo cc bin php lm sch ht khc nhau ngi ta a ra
dy chuyn sn xut tng ng, hin nay i vi sn xut bt m c 2 phng php
lm sch.
+ Lm sch bng phng php kh.
+ Lm sch bng phng php t.
2.1.1. Lm sch ht bng phng php kh
- Nguyn tc: Da vo s ma st gia cc ht vi nhau, gia ht v thit b lm
sch. Mc lm sch ph thuc vo c tnh b mt ca thit b ( nhm, kim bn
chi)
- u im ca phng php: n gin, d thc hin, lm gim c tro
ca bt, t my mc, dy chuyn sn sut n gin. Tuy nhin, do khng qua cng
on lm m nn khi c tc dng ca b mt nhm khng nhng lm tut mt phn
v, ru, phi m cn bc i tng mng alrng, lp ngoi, v mt phn ni nh, ch
cc phn t bi, vi sinh vt s bm vo, do s nh hng ti cht lng bt,
hiu sut thu hi bt. Mt khc, khi qua thit b c v t l ht gy tng mnh, nhng
mnh ht gy rt d b nhim vi sinh vt, bi bm vo nn b loi b lm cho t l thu
hi bt b gim xung.
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2.1.2. Lm sch bng phng php t

- Nguyn tc: Nhng ht vo trong nc ra trong mt thi gian nht nh.
Cng ra ph thuc vo thi gian ht nm trong b, nhit nc, lng nc
tiu hao.
- u im ca phng php: Lm sch ht c hiu qu hn phng php kh,
ra sch c cc phn t khong, vi sinh vt trn b mt v ngay c trong cc rnh
lm ca ht, iu m phng php kh khng lm c.
Tp cht nh trong qu trnh ra cng c tch ra, ngoi ra n cn lm cho ht
c m tng ln, v ht dai hn thun li cho cc qu trnh tip theo.
Tm li, ch bin ht s b bng phng php t khng nhng lm b mt
ngoi ht sch hn m cn lm thay i nhng tnh cht vt l ca ht, c tc dng
nng cao hiu sut nghin ht.
Kt lun: Mc d phng php t c nhiu u im nhng do qui trnh cng
ngh phc tp, lng nc s dng nhiu phi tn thi gian v chi ph x l nc
nn hin nay, cc nh my bt m hin i u hu ht s dng phng php kh. Vi
cc thit b cng ngh hin i nn vn p ng tt yu cu lm sch b mt ht. V
vy, ti quyt nh s dng phng php kh trong thit k.
S :
Nguyn liu la m
H thng tip nhn

Nam chm 1
Cn
Lm sch ln 1
Tp cht
Xilo cha
Lu lng k
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Nam chm 2
Cn
Tp cht
Lm sch ln 2
Lu lng k
Nc
Gia v m ln 1
Nc
Gia v m ln 2
My xt v
Nhn ht
Cn
Cn
H nghin th 1 5
My nghin ba
Cm
Ry phn loi
Xilo cm
H nghin mn 1 5
ng bao cm
Cm
Ry phn loi
Bt mn
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Dit trng su
Xilo cha
ng bao, thnh phm
2.2. Thuyt minh dy chuyn sn xut
2.2.1. H thng tip nhn nguyn liu v lm sch s b
Nguyn liu i t kho c h thng gu ti, vt ti a n h thng nam
chm. Ti y, mt phn cc mnh kim loi c ln trong nguyn liu c gi li
trc khi qua cn nh lng. Sau , nguyn liu qua my sng tp cht v knh ht
kh loi b cc tp cht nh nh rm r, cc tp cht nng nh t, , si, tp cht
nh. Sau , nh h thng gu ti, vt ti a nguyn liu vo xil cha.
2.2.2. H thng lm sch ln 1
La sau khi lm sch s b c ly qua lu lng k ng vi mi xil. Cc
lu lng k ny c chc nng trn cc loi la vi nhau theo mt t l ph hp. La
sau c vn chuyn qua nam chm tch kim loi ln 2, qua cn nh lng
xc nh lng tp cht tch ra trong qu trnh lm sch ln 1. Sau , la c a
qua my sng tp cht v knh qut ht lm sch.
Sau khi qua knh quat hut lua mi c phn lam 2 dong, dong lua nng c ln
sn, a s a n my tch a cn dong la nh hn s a n my chn ht tch
va loai ra cc ht lua co kch c khc nhau (ht trn, ht di) va cac hat ngoai lai
trc khi a n gia m ln 1. Nhng ht tiu chun c a qua lu lng k
xc nh lng nguyn liu qua xc nh lng nc cn gia m.
2.2.3. H thng x l la m ln 1
La qua my gia m, c trn u trong vt ti, v c trong xil cha. Ty
thuc vo loi la m thi gian m l khc nhau, m ln 1 c thi gian khong 1216 gi. Lc ny, m la m t khong 15,5%.
2.2.4. H thng x l la m ln 2
Sau khi m ln 1 xong, la m c a qua lu lng k v nh vt ti, gu
ti a la vo my gia m ln 2. Ty thuc vo m o c sau khi m ln 1 m
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m
16
iu chnh lng nc gia m ln 2. Thi gian m ln 2 nhanh hn ln 1, m

ln 2 khong 6-8 gi sao cho m la m t 16,5%. Sau khi m hai ln, v la m
s dai v lin kt gia v v ni nh s yu nn thun li cho qu trnh bc v v
nghin. Mt khc, bt m s c cht lng cao v qu trnh ht m lm cho cc
vitamin t v s ko vo trong ni nh.
2.2.5. H thng lm sch ln 2
Sau thi gian ln 2, la m t xil xung cc van xoay. Sau , la c vn
chuyn vo my xt v bc mt phn v, phi nh v bi trn ht. V trong thnh
phn ca v c nhiu xenlulo l cht m con ngi khng hp th c, phi c nhiu
lipit nn d b oxi ha trong qu trnh bo qun, bi trn ht cha nhiu vi sinh vt
nn phi tch ra. Knh qut ht ht v ring v la ring, v c a n h thng
sn xut ph, cn la th c chuyn n cn nh lng cn tng m ri cho vo
my nghin chnh. Trc khi vo my nghin, la c a n nam chm tch
kim loi cn st trong la, trnh lm h my nghin.
2.2.6. H thng nghin v sng
H thng ny s dng kh ng vn chuyn, gm nhiu my nghin v sng.
Theo , kch thc ca ht v cc sn phm trung gian gim dn sau mi h nghin.
Sn phm sau mi h nghin c a qua ry phn loi cho n khi t n kch
thc yu cu. Phn khng lt sng th c a vo h nghin khc cho n khi thu
c sn phm c kch thc ng yu cu. Bt c tch ra qua cn nh lng
cn lng bt thu c v c thi n my dit trng su dit ht trng su
trnh cho trng su n ra trong xilo bo qun bt. Sau mt thi gian bo qun, cht
lng ca bt tng, ta c th ng gi a i tiu th. Trc khi ng gi phi dit
trng su cn st trong bt mt ln na.
Cm c tch ra s chuyn xung cn nh lng xc nh lng cm, nu
lng bt thu hi t v lng cm thu hi nhiu th cn iu chnh li h thng trc
ca my xay. Cm theo ng ng vo xil cha cm.
2.2.7. H thng thu hi v x l tp cht
V nh my l mt h thng kn nn bt trong qu trnh sn xut hu nh khng
th ri ra ngoi, nh t l tht thot bt ca nh my l rt t. H thng ny gm
cc cyclon v cc thit b lc v thu hi.
2.2.8. H thng sn xut ph
Sau cc qu trnh lm sch ln 1, gia m ln 1, gia m ln 2, lm sch ln 2 cc
ph phm nh v la, ht v, rm r nh vt ti, gu ti, vn chuyn qua cn nh
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lng ri chuyn xung my sng cm phn loi, cm s cho vo xilo cha cm,
cn ph phm cha kch thc t yu cu th xung nam chm ht kim loi trc
khi a vo my nghin kiu ba nghin n khi ra cm v c qut ht ht vo xil
cha cm. T xil ny cm nh my thi thi v xil cm.
2.2.9. H thng ph tr
Hot ng ca nh my khng th tin hnh c nu khng c h thng kh
nn, h thng qut thi, qut ht, h thng nc
- H thng kh nn: cung cp kh cho cc pittong, v sinh thit b
- H thng qut thi: dng vn chuyn nguyn liu trong ng ng
- H thng qut thi cho thit b lc v thu hi.
- H thng nc: cung cp nc cho khu gia m.
CHNG 3. TNH CN BNG VT LIU VA SAN PHM
3.1. K hoch sn xut ca nh my
Nh my lm vic tt c cc thng trong nm. Mi thng c ngh ngy ch
nht, cc ngy l v mt vi ngy v sinh bo dng thit b. Ngy lm vic 3 ca.
Biu sn xut ca nh my:
Bng 3.1. Biu sn xut ca nh my
Thng
S ngy lm
vic
S ca
10
11
12 C nm
27 19 27 25 26 26 26 27 24 27
26
26
306
81 57 81 75 78 78 78 81 72 81
78
78
918
3.2. Tnh cn bng vt liu trong cng on lm sch

Nguyn liu ban u a i lm sch Qngl = 190 tn nguyn liu /ngy
Trong , t l tp cht l 3,4%
Gi thit, trong c cc loi tp cht sau:
+ Tp cht nh chim 0,5%
+ Tp cht nh chim 1,0%
+ Tp cht ln chim 1,4%
+ Tp cht si chim 0,25%
+ Tp cht kim loi chim 0,05%
+ Tp cht ngoi lai chim 0,2%
Bng 3.2. T l v hm lng cc tp cht c trong nguyn liu
SVTH: Mai Thi Th
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Nguyn liu
T l tp cht%
Lng tp cht
(tn/ngy)
18
Tp cht
nh
QTCN
Tp cht
nh
QTCNh
Tp cht
ln
QTCL
Tp cht Tp cht Tp cht

si
kim loi ngoi lai
QTCDS
QTCKL
QTCNL
0,5
1,0
1,4
0,25
0,05
0,2
0,95
1,9
2,66
0,475
0,095
0,38
Tng lng tp cht tch ra trong mt ngy l:

QTC = 0,95 + 1,9 + 2,66 + 0,475 + 0,095 + 0,38 = 6,46 (tn/ngy)
3.2.1. Nam chm I
Gi s sau khi i qua nam chm I th lng tp cht kim loi c tch ra l
60% so vi tng lng tp cht kim loi.
QKLI = QTCKL x
60
60
= 0,095 x
= 0,057 (tn/ngy)
100
100
3.2.2. Sng tp cht ln I

Lng nguyn liu vo sng mi ngy:
QVoTCI = Qngl QKLI = 190 0,057 = 189,943 (tn/ngy)
Gi s rng lng tp cht tch ra ti sng tp cht ln I s loi ra mt phn cc
tp cht vi t l nh sau:
+ Tp cht nh 60%
+ Tp cht ln 60%
+ Tp cht si 20%
Bng 3.3. T l v lng tp cht tch ra ti sng tp cht ln I
Loi tp cht
T l tp cht %
Lng tp cht (tn/ngy)
Tp cht nh
60
1,14
Tp cht ln
60
1,596
Tp cht si
20
0,095
Tng lng tp cht tch ra ti my sng tp cht ln I:

QTCI = 1,14 + 1,596 + 0,095 = 2,831 (tn/ngy)
Vy, lng nguyn liu i ra khi sng tp cht ln I:
QRa TCI = QVo TCI QTCI = 189,943 2,831 = 187,112 (tn/ngy)
3.2.3. Nam chm II
Gi s rng khi i qua nam chm II th lng tp cht kim loi c tch ra l
20% so vi tng lng tp cht kim loi c ban u.
QKLII = QTCKL x
20
20
= 0,095 x
= 0,019 (tn/ngy)
100
100
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3.2.4. Sng tp cht ln II

Gi s hao ht khi lng khi nguyn liu t vt ti, gu ti n xilo cha v t
xilo cha qua gu ti, vt ti n nam chm l 0,2%. Th lng nguyn liu vo sng
tp cht ln II l:
QVo TCII = QRa TCI (0,2 x
= 187,112 (0,2 x
190
) QKLII
100
190
) 0,019 = 186,713 (tn/ngy)
100
Gi s khi nguyn liu qua sng tp cht ln II lng tp cht nh v tp cht

ln cn li s b loi hon ton (ngha l 40% tp cht ln v 40% tp cht nh b loi
ht) v loi 20% tp cht si.
Bng 3.4. T l v lng tp cht tch ra ti sng tp cht ln II
Tp cht
T l tp cht
Lng tp cht (tn/ngy)
Tp cht nh
40%
0,76
Tp cht ln
40%
1,064
Tp cht si
20%
0,095
Tng lng tp cht tch ra ti sng tp cht ln II l:

QTCII = 0,76 + 1,064 + 0,095 = 1,919 (tn/ngy)
Lng nguyn liu i ra khi sng tp cht ln II l:
QRa TCII = QVo TCII QTCII = 186,713 1,919 = 184,794 (tn/ngy)
Cho rng 50% nguyn liu sau s qua my tch v 50% nguyn liu s qua
my chn ht.
3.2.5. My tch
Gi s lng tp cht si c tch ra hon ton (60% so vi lng tp cht
si c ban u)
Lng nguyn liu vo my tch :
QVo MTD = QRa TCII x
50
50
= 184,794 x
= 92,397 (tn/ngy)
100
100
Lng tp cht si tch ra ti my tch l:

QTCMTD = QTCDS x
60
60
= 0,475 x
= 0,285 (tn/ngy)
100
100
Lng nguyn liu ra khi my tch l:

QRa MTD = QVo MTD - QTCMTD = 92,397 0,285 = 92,112 (tn/ngy)
3.2.6. My chn ht
Lng nguyn liu vo my chn ht = lng nguyn liu vo my tch :
QVo MCH = 92,397 (tn/ngy)
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Lng tp cht ngoi lai c tch ra hon ton ti y l: QTCNL = 0,38

tn/ngy.
Lng nguyn liu ra khi my chn ht:
QRa MCH = QVo MCH QTCNL = 92.397 0,38 = 92,017 (tn/ngy).
3.2.7. My gia m ln 1
Gi s hao ht khi lng khi nguyn liu t my chn ht, my tch qua vt
ti n my gia m ln 1 l 0,1%.
Lng nguyn liu vo my gia m ln 1 l:
QVo MGA1 = (QRa MTD + QRa MCH) x
100 0,1
100
QVo MGA1 = (92,112 + 92,017) x
100 0,1
= 183,945 (tn/ngy).
100
m ban u ca la m W1 = 12%, sau khi gia m ln 1: W2 = 15,5%

Lng nguyn liu ra khi my gia m 1 vo xilo m l:
QRa MGA1 = QVo MGA x
1 W1
1 0,12
= 183,945 x 1 0,155 = 191,564 (tn/ngy).
1 W2
3.2.8. My gia m ln 2
Gi s hao ht khi lng nguyn liu t xilo m ln 1 qua vt ti, gu ti n
my gia m ln 2 l 0,1%.
Lng nguyn liu vo my gia m ln 2 l:
QVo MGA2 = QRa MGA1 x
100 0,1
100 0,1
= 191,564 x
= 191,372 (tn/ngy).
100
100
m la m vo my gia m ln 2 bng m la m khi ra khi my gia m

ln 1: W1 = 15,5%.
m la m sau khi gia m ln 2: W2 = 16,5%.
Lng nguyn liu ra khi my gia m ln 2:
QRa MGA2 = QVo MGA2 x
1 W1
1 0,155
= 191,372 x 1 0,165 = 193,664 (tn/ngy)
1 W2
3.2.9. My xt v
Gi s hao ht khi lng khi nguyn liu t xilo m ln 2 qua gu ti, vt ti
n my xt v l 0,1%.
Lng nguyn liu vo my xt v l:
QVoMXV = QRaMGA2 x
100 0,1
100 0,1
= 193,664 x
= 193,470 (tn/ngy)
100
100
Gi s hao ht ti my xt v l 0,5%. Lng tp cht tch ra ti my xt v:

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QTCMXV = QVo MXV x
0,5
0,5
= 193,470 x
= 0,967 (tn/ngy)
100
100
Lng nguyn liu ra khi my xt v:

QRa MXV = QVo MXV QTCMXV = 193,470 0,967 = 192,503 (tn/ngy)
3.2.10. Nam chm III
Gi s lng kim loi cn li (20% tng lng kim loi) c tch ra ton b.
Lng tp cht kim loi tch ra ti y:
QKLIII = QTCKL x
20
20
= 0,095 x
= 0,019 (tn/ngy).
100
100
Lng nguyn liu ra khi nam chm III i nghin:

QRa NCIII = QRa MXV QKLIII = 192,503 0,019 = 192,484 (tn/ngy).
3.3. Tnh cn bng trong cng on nghin th
Lng nguyn liu sch vo cng on nghin l QS = 192,484 (tn/ngy).
3.3.1. H nghin th I v ry tng ng
a) Lng nguyn liu vo
Nguyn liu vo my nghin th I l 100% nguyn liu sch (QS).
Do :
QVo NTI = QRa NCIII = 192,484 (tn/ngy).
b) Lng nguyn liu ra
Gi thit:
+ T l % nguyn liu vo my nghin th II l 66,75%.
+ T l % bt loi II thu c l 2,8%.
+ T l % nguyn liu i lm giu tm v tm li N1 l 21,2%.
+ T l % nguyn a i lm giu tm v tm li N2 l 9,0%.
+ T l % nguyn liu tn hao trong qu trnh nghin v ry l 0,05%.
+ T l % bt i lc ti l 0,2%.
Bng 3.5. T l v lng nguyn liu ra khi h nghin th I v ry tng ng
Nguyn liu ra
Th II Bt II
N1
N2
Tn hao
T l % so vi nguyn
66,75
2,8
21,2
9,0
0,05
liu sch, (%)
Lng nguyn liu ra
128,483 5,389 40,653 17,324
0,096
(tn/ngy)
Tng sn phm nguyn liu sch QS ra:
C% = 66,75% + 2,8% + 21,2% + 9,0% + 0,05% + 0,2% + = 100 %
3.3.2. H nghin th II v ry tng ng
a) Lng nguyn liu vo
Cyclon
0,2
0,385
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Lng nguyn liu vo my nghin th II bng 66,75% nguyn liu i ra t my

nghin th I. Nn lng nguyn liu vo my nghin th II l:
QVo NTII = 192, 484
66, 75
= 128,483 (tn/ngy).
100
b) Lng nguyn liu ra

Gi thit:
+ T l % nguyn liu vo my nghin th III l 39,4%.
+ T l % bt loi I thu c l 5,5%.
+ T l % nguyn a i lm giu tm v tm li N2 l 7,5%.
+ T l % bt i lc ti l 0,3%.
Bng 3.6. T l v lng nguyn liu ra khi h nghin th II v ry tng ng
Nguyn liu ra
Th III
T l % so vi nguyn
39,4
liu sch, (%)
Nguyn liu ra, (tn/ngay)
75,837
Bt I
N4
N2
Tn hao
Cyclon
5,5
14,0
7,5
0,05
0,3
10,58
7
26,94
8
14,43
6
0,096
0,577
Tng % sn phm nguyn liu sch QS ra:

C% = 39,4% + 5,5% +14,0% + 7,5% + 0,05% + 0,3% = 66,75%
3.3.3. H nghin th III v ry tng ng
a) Lng nguyn liu vo
Nguyn liu vo my nghin th III
+ T h nghin th II:
39,4%
+ T sng gi N1:
8,98%
+ T h nghin mn I:
2,7%
C% vo = 39,4% + 8,98% + 2,7% = 51,08% nguyn liu sch QS
QVo NTIII = QS x
51, 08
51 ,08
= 192, 484
= 93,321 (tn/ngy).
100
100
b) Lng nguyn liu ra:

Gi thit:
+ T l % nguyn liu vo my nghin th IV l 26,63%.
+ T l % bt loi I thu c l 4,5%.
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+ T l % nguyn a i lm giu tm v tm li N4 l 7%.

+ T l % bt i lc ti l 0,4%.
Bng 3.7. T l v lng nguyn liu ra khi h nghin th III v ry tng ng
Nguyn liu ra
Th IV
Ty l % so vi nguyn
26,63
liu sch, (%).
Lng nguyn liu ra,
48,652
(tn/ngy).
Bt I
N3
N4
4,5
12,5
7,0
8,221
22,837 12,789
Tn hao Cyclon
0,05
0,4
0,091
0,731

C% = 26,63% + 4,5% + 12,5% + 7,0% + 0,05% + 0,4% = 51,08%.
3.3.4. H nghin th IV v ry tng ng
a) Lng nguyn liu vo
Nguyn liu vo my nghin th IV, Qvo NTIV
+ T h nghin th III:
26,63%
+ T sng gi N4:
4,5%
Vy:
C% vo = 26,63% + 4,5% = 31,13% nguyn liu sch QS.
QVo NTIV = 192, 484
31,13
= 59,920 (tn/ngy)
100
b) Lng nguyn liu ra

Gi thit:
+ T l % nguyn liu vo my nghin mn IV l 7,0%.
+ T l % nguyn liu i vo h nghin mn V l 9,8%.
+ T l % nguyn liu a i p v l 9,9%.
+ T l % bt i lc ti l 0,4%.
Bng 3.8. T l v lng nguyn liu ra khi h nghin th IV v ry tng ng
Nguyn liu ra
Bt II Mn IV
T l % so vi nguyn
4,0
7,0
liu sch, (%).
Lng nguyn liu ra
7,699 13,474
(tn/ngy).
Mn V
p v Tn hao Cyclon
9,8
9,9
0,03
0,4
18,863
19,056
0,058
0,770

SVTH: Mai Thi Th
n cng ngh 2
m
24
C% = 4,0% + 7,0% + 9,8% + 9,9% + 0,03% + 0,4% = 31,13%.

3.3.5. H nghin th V v ry tng ng
a) Lng nguyn liu vo
Nguyn liu vo my nghin th V:
T my p v: C% vo = 8,88% nguyn liu sch QS.
QVo NTV = 192, 484
8,88
= 17,093 (tn/ngy)
100
b) Lng nguyn liu ra

Gi thit:
+ T l % nguyn liu i lm cm l 5,56%.
+ T l % bt i lc ti l 0,3%.
Bng 3.9. T l v lng nguyn liu ra khi h nghin th V v ry tng ng
Nguyn liu ra
T l % so vi nguyn liu sch, (%)
Lng nguyn liu ra, (tn/ngy).
Bt II
3,0
5,775
Nghin v
5,56
10,702
Cyclon
0,3
0,577
Tn hao
0,02
0,038

C% = 5,56% + 3,0% + 0,3% + 0,02% = 8,88%.
3.4. Tnh ton cho h lm giu tm v tm li
3.4.1. Sng lm giu tm N1
a) Lng nguyn liu vo: Nguyn liu vo sng gi N1, QvoN1
Nguyn liu vo sng gi N1 t h nghin th I:
C% vo = 21,2% nguyn liu sch QS.
QVoN1= 192, 484
21, 2
= 40,807 (tn/ngy).
100
b) Lng nguyn liu ra

Gi thit:
+ Phn trn sng i h nghin th III l 8,98%, Q1N1
Q1N1= 192, 484
8,98
= 17,285 (tn/ngy)
100
+ Phn lt sng (110, 90, 80) a i nghin mn I l 7,2%, Q2N1

Q2N1= 192, 484
7, 2
= 13,859 (tn/ngy)
100
SVTH: Mai Thi Th
n cng ngh 2
m
25
+ Lng nguyn liu qua sng gi N2 l 5,0%, Q4N1

Q4N1=192, 484
5, 0
= 9,624 (tn/ngy)
100
+ Lng nguyn liu tn hao trong qu trnh sng l 0,02%, Q3N1

192, 484
0, 02
100 = 0,038 (tn/ngy)
Q3N1=
+ Tng % sn phm ra: C% = 8,98% + 7,2% + 5,0% + 0,02% = 21,2%
+ T h nghin th I :
9,0%
+ T h nghin th II :
7,5%
+ T sng gi N1:
5,0%
C% vo = 9,0% + 7,5% + 5,0% = 21,5%
192, 484
21,5
100 = 41,384 (tn/ngy)
QVoN2=
b) Lng nguyn liu ra
Gi thit:
+ Phn trn sng i lm giu tm v tm li N3 l 7,5%, Q1N2
Q1N2= 192, 484
7,5
= 14,436 (tn/ngy)
100
+ Phn lt sng (120, 130, 120) a i nghin mn II l 7,48%, Q2N2

Q2N2= 192, 484
7, 48
= 14,398 (tn/ngy)
100

Q3N2= 192, 484
0, 02
= 0,038 (tn/ngy).
100
+ Phn lt sng (100, 110) a i h nghin mn I l 6,5%, Q4N2

Q4N2= 192, 484
6,5
= 12,511 (tn/ngy).
100
Tng % sn phm ra: C% = 7,5% + 7,48% + 6,5% + 0,02% = 21,5%.

+ T h nghin th III:
12,5%
+ T sng gi N2:
7,5%
C% vo = 12,5% + 7,5% = 20,0%.
SVTH: Mai Thi Th
n cng ngh 2
m
26
QVoN3 =192, 484
20
= 38,497 (tn/ngy).
100
b) Lng nguyn liu ra

Gi thit:
+ Phn trn sng i nghin mn IV l 8,5%, Q1N3
Q1N3 = 192, 484
8,5
= 16,361 (tn/ngy)
100
+ Phn lt sng a i nghin mn II l 11,48%, Q2N3

Q2N3 = 192, 484
11, 48
= 22,097 (ngy)
100

Q3N3 = 192, 484
0, 02
= 0,038 (tn/ngy)
100
Tng % sn phm ra: C% = 8,5% + 11,48% + 0,02% = 20,0%

+ T h nghin th II:
14,0%
+ T h nghin th III:
7,0%
C% vo = 14,0% + 7,0% = 21,0%
QVoN4 = 192, 484
21, 0
= 40,422 (ngy)
100
b) Lng nguyn liu ra

Gi thit:
+ Phn trn sng i nghin th IV l 4,5%, Q1N4
Q1N4 = 192, 484
4,5
= 8,662 (tn/ngy)
100
+ Phn lt sng (130, 120, 120) a i nghin mn III l 8,98%, Q2N4

Q2N4= 192, 484
8,98
= 17,285 (tn/ngy)
100

Q3N4= 192, 484
0, 02
= 0,038 (tn/ngy)
100
+ Phn lt sng (100, 100) a i h nghin mn I l 7,5%, Q4N4

Q4N4= 192, 484
7,5
= 14,436 (tn/ngy)
100
SVTH: Mai Thi Th
n cng ngh 2
m
27
Tng % sn phm ra: C% = 4,5% + 8,98% + 0,02% + 7,5% = 21,0%

3.5. Tnh cn bng cho cc h nghin mn v ry tng ng
3.5.1. H nghin mn I v ry tng ng
a) Lng nguyn liu vo
Nguyn liu vo h nghin mn I, QvoM1
+ T sng gi N1: 7,2%
+ T sng gi N2: 6,5%
+ T sng gi N4: 7,5%
C% vo = 7,2% + 6,5% + 7,5% = 21,2%
QVaoM1= 192, 484
21, 2
= 40,807 (tn/ngy)
100
b) Lng nguyn liu ra

Gi thit:
+ T l % bt loi I thu c l 12,0%
+ T l % nguyn liu a i nghin th III l 2,7%
+ T l % nguyn liu i nghin mn II l 5,97%
+ T l % bt qua cyclon i lc ti l 0,5%
+ T l % nguyn liu tn hao trong qu trnh nghin v ry l 0,03%
Bng 3.10. T l v lng nguyn liu ra khi h nghin mn I v ry tng ng
Nguyn liu ra
Bt loi I
T l % so vi nguyn
12,0
liu sch, (%)
Lng nguyn liu ra,
23,098
(tn/ngy).
Th III
Mn II
Tn hao
Cyclon
2,7
5,97
0,03
0,5
5,197
11,491
0,058
0,962
Tng % sn phm ra: C% = 12,0% + 2,7% + 5,97% + 0,5% + 0,03% = 21,2%

3.5.2. H nghin mn II v ry tng ng
a) Lng nguyn liu vo: Nguyn liu vo h nghin mn II, QvoM2
+ T h nghin mn I:
5,97%
+ T sng gi N2:
7,48%
+ T sng gi N3:
11,48%
C% vo = 5,97% + 7,48% + 11,48% = 24,93%
QVoM2= 192, 484
24,93
= 47,986 (tn/ngy)
100
b) Lng nguyn liu ra

Gi thit:
SVTH: Mai Thi Th
n cng ngh 2
m
28

+ T l % nguyn liu a i nghin mn III l 10,38%
Bng 3.11. T l v lng nguyn liu ra khi h nghin mn II v ry tng ng
Nguyn liu ra
Lng nguyn liu ra, (tn/ngy)
Bt loi I
14,0
26,948
Mn III
10,38
19,980
Tn hao
0,05
0,096
Cyclon
0,5
0,962
Tng % sn phm ra: C% = 14,0% + 10,38% + 0,5% + 0,05% = 24,93%

3.5.3. H nghin mn III v ry tng ng
a) Lng nguyn liu vo
Nguyn liu vo h nghin mn III, QvoM3
+ T h nghin mn II:
10,38%
+ T sng gi N4:
8,98%
C% vo = 10,38% + 8,98% = 19,36%
QVoM3= 192, 484
19,36
= 37,265 (tn/ngy)
100
b) Lng nguyn liu ra

Gi thit:
+ T l % nguyn liu a i nghin mn IV l 7,42%
Bng 3.12. T l v lng nguyn liu ra khi h nghin mn III v ry tng ng
Nguyn liu ra
Bt I
11,5
22,136
Mn IV
7,42
14,282
Tn hao
0,04
0,077
Cyclon
0,4
0,770
Tng % sn phm ra: C% = 11,5% + 7,42% + 0,4% + 0,04% = 19,36%

3.5.4. H nghin mn IV v ry tng ng
a) Lng nguyn liu vo: Nguyn liu vo h nghin mn IV, QvoM4
+ T h nghin mn III:
7,42%
+ T sng gi N3:
8,5%
+ T h nghin th IV:
7,0%
C% vo = 7,42% + 8,5% + 7,0% = 22,92%
SVTH: Mai Thi Th
n cng ngh 2
m
29
QVoM4= 192, 484
22,92
= 44,117 (tn/ngy)
100
b) Lng nguyn liu ra

Gi thit:
+ Bt loi II thu c l 15,0%
+ Lng nguyn liu a i nghin mn V l 7,58%
+ Lng bt qua cyclon i lc ti l 0,3%
+ Lng nguyn liu tn hao trong qu trnh nghin v ry l 0,04%
Bng 3.13. T l v lng nguyn liu ra khi h nghin mn IV v ry tng ng
Nguyn liu ra
Bt II
15,0
28.873
Mn V
7,58
14,590
Tn hao
0,04
0,077
Cyclon
0,3
0,577
Tng % sn phm ra: C% = 15,0% + 7,58% + 0,3% + 0,04% = 22,92%

3.5.5. H nghin mn V v ry tng ng
a) Lng nguyn liu vo
Nguyn liu vo h nghin mn V, QvoM5
+ T h nghin mn IV:
7,58%
+ T h nghin th IV:
9,8%
+ T sng kim tra I:
3,08%
C% vo = 7,58% + 9,8% + 3,08% = 20,46%
QVoM5 = 192, 484
20, 46
= 39,382 (tn/ngy)
100
b) Lng nguyn liu ra

Gi thit:
+ T l % bt loi II thu c l 12,2%
+ T l % nguyn liu a i lm cm l 7,93%
Bng 3.14. Lng nguyn liu ra khi h nghin mn V v ry tng ng
Nguyn liu ra
T l so vi nguyn liu sch, (%)
Bt loi II Nghin v
12,2
7,93
23,483
15,264
Tn hao
0,03
0,058
Cyclon
0,3
0,577
Tng % sn phm ra: C% = 12,2% + 7,93% + 0,3% + 0,03% = 20,46%

3.6. Cng on p v, sng kim tra bt, cyclon v thit b lc bi
SVTH: Mai Thi Th
n cng ngh 2
m
30
3.6.1. My p v
a) Lng nguyn liu vo my p v: QvoV
+ T h nghin th IV:
9,9%
QVoV = 192, 484
9,9
= 19,056 (tn/ngy)
100
b) Lng nguyn liu ra

Gi thit:
+ T l % lng v c tch ra ti my l 1,0%
+ T l % nguyn liu a i nghin th V l 8,88
+ T l % nguyn liu tn hao trong qu trnh p v l 0,02%
Bng 3.15. T l v lng nguyn liu ra khi my p v

Nguyn liu ra
V
1,0
1,925
Nghin th V
8,88
17,092
Tn hao
0,02
0,038
Tng % sn phm ra: C% = 1,0% + 8,88% + 0,02% = 9,9%.

3.6.2. My nghin v
a) Lng nguyn liu vo my nghin v.
- T h nghin th V l 5,56%
- T h nghin mn V l 7,93%
- T sng kim tra bt loi II l 2,68%
C% vo = 5,56% + 7,93% + 2,68% = 16,17%
QVoNV = 192, 484
16,17
= 31,125 (tn/ngy)
100
b) Lng nguyn liu ra

- Gi thit:
+ T l % bt qua cyclon i lc ti l 0,5%.
+ T l % v tch qua sng xoa cm l 7,0%.
+ T l % cm c tch qua sng tng ng l 7,7%.
+ T l % bt thc n gia sc c tch qua sng l 0,92%.
+ T l % nguyn liu tn hao l 0,05%.
Bng 3.16. T l v lng NL ra khi h nghin v, v ry tng ng
SVTH: Mai Thi Th
n cng ngh 2
m
31
Nguyn liu ra
T l % so vi nguyn liu sch,(%)
Cyclon
0,5
1,962
V
7,0
13,474
Cm
7,7
TAGS Tn hao
0,92
0,05
14,821 1,771
0,096
Tng % sn phm ra: C% = 0,5% + 7,7% + 7,0% + 0,05% + 0,92% = 16,17%

3.6.3. Sng kim tra bt loi I
a) Lng nguyn liu vo, QvoKT1
+ T h nghin th II: 5,5%, III: 4,5%
+ T h nghin mn I: 12,0%, II: 14,0%, III: 11,5%
C% vo = 5,5% + 4,5% + 12,0% + 14,0% + 11,5% = 47,5%
QVoKT1= 192, 484
47,5
= 91,423 (tn/ngy)
100
b) Lng nguyn liu ra

Gi thit:
+ T l % bt v nghin mn V l 3,08%
+ T l % nguyn liu tn hao l 0,02%
Bng 3.17. T l v lng nguyn liu ra khi sng kim tra bt loi I
Nguyn liu ra
Bt I Nghin mn V Tn hao Cyclon
T l % so vi nguyn liu sch, (%) 44,0
3,08
0,02
0,4
84,693
5,928
0,038
0,770
Tng % sn phm ra: C% = 44,0% + 3,08% + 0,4% + 0,02% = 47,5%.
3.6.4. Sng kim tra bt loi II
a) Lng nguyn liu vo, QvoKT2
+ T h nghin th I:
2,8%
+ T h nghin th IV:
4,0%
+ T h nghin th V:
3,0%
+ T h nghin mn IV:
15,0%
+ T h nghin mn V:
12,2%
C% vo = 2,8% + 4,0% + 3,0% + 15,0% + 12,2% = 37,0%
QVoKT2 = 192, 484
37, 0
= 70,849 (tn/ngy)
100
b) Lng nguyn liu ra

Gi thit:
SVTH: Mai Thi Th
n cng ngh 2
m
32
+ T l % bt loi II thu c l 34,0%

+ T l % nguyn liu i lm cm l 2,68%
Bng 3.18. T l v lng nguyn liu ra khi sng kim tra bt loi II
Nguyn liu ra
T l so vi nguyn liu sch, (%)
Bt II Nghin v Tn hao
34,0
2,68
0,02
65,105
5,132
0,038
Cyclon
0,3
0,577
Tng % sn phm ra: C% = 34,0% + 2,68% + 0,3% + 0,02% = 37,0%

3.6.5. Cyclon
a) Lng nguyn liu vo, QvoCL
T h nghin th, h nghin mn v cc h sng kim tra: C% vo = 4,3%
QVoCL= 192, 484
4,3
= 8,277 (tn/ngy)
100
b) Lng nguyn liu ra

Gi thit:
+ T l % cm thu c l 2,3%
+ T l % bt nh qua thit b lc bi l 1,98%
Bng 3.19. T l v lng nguyn liu ra khi cyclon
Nguyn liu ra
Cm
2,3
4,427
Lc bi
1,98
3,811
Tn hao
0,02
0,038
Tng % sn phm ra: C% = 2,3% + 1,98% + 0,02% = 4,3%

3.6.6.Thit b lc bi
a) Lng nguyn liu vo, QvoLB
T cyclon l: C% vo = 1,98%
192, 484
1,98
100 = 3,811 (tn/ngy)
QVoLB =
b) Lng nguyn liu ra
Bng 3.20. T l v lng nguyn liu ra khi thit b lc bi
Nguyn liu ra
Cm
1,88
3,619
Tn hao
0,1
0,192
SVTH: Mai Thi Th
7,5
7,5
12,5
8,88 21,2 21,5 20
21,2
7,5
6,5
7,2
12
4,5
5,5
2,8
9,9
9,9
7,93
5,56
0,5
0,3
0,4
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,5
1,98
44
34
I Bt II Bt Cm
0,02
0,02
0,03
0,05
0,05
0,05
5,97
10,38
7,42
3,08
11,5
14
37
16,17
2,68
0,3
12,2
4,8
0,3
0,4
0,3
15
0,4
0,5
1,98
44
34
0, 7
0,1
1,88
21,3
0,02
0,05
2,8
15,62
1,0 0,02
0,02
0,02
0,03
0,04
0,04
0,05
0,03
0,02
0,02
7,58
9,8
11,48
8,5
IV
Tn
hao
0,02
8,98
III
V p V Nghin Cyclon Bi Lc
Sn phm
7,48
II
Bt
Bt II
I
Ry k.tra
21 21,2 24,93 19,36 22,92 20,46 47,5
14
N1 N2 N3 N4
H nghin mn
33
8,88
Sng gi
n cng ngh 2
m
Tng % sn phm ra: C% = 1,88% + 0,1% = 1,98%
Bng 3.21. Cn bng sn phm cng on nghin

(% so vi nguyn liu sch)
SVTH: Mai Thi Th
4,5
66,75
2,7
8,98
39,4
IV
III
Tng
37,0
K.tra II
1,98
47,5
K.tra I
L.bi
20,46
Mn V
4,8
22,92
Mn IV
Cyclon
19,36
Mn III
16,17
24,93
Mn II
Ng.v
21,2
Mn I
9,9
21,0
N4
.v
20,0
8,88
Th V
N3
31,13
Th IV
21,5
51,08
Th III
N2
66,75
Th II
21,2
100
Th I
N1
100
Cn
100
II
I
H nghin th
Nguyn liu
thit b Tn
vo v ra
100 66,75 51,08 31,13
34
26,63
n cng ngh 2
m
3.7. Cng on nguyn liu i lm cm

Nguyn liu i lm cm gm cc tp cht tch ra lm sch ln 2, cc tp cht
ngoi lai...Khng ly tp cht cng on lm sch ln 1 i lm cm.
Tp cht tch ra lm sch ln 2 gm 40% tp cht nh, 40% tp cht ln.
QTC = QTC nh + QTC ln = 0,76 + 1,064 = 1,824 (tn/ngy)
Tp cht ngoi lai c tch ra my chn ht:
QTCNL = 0,38 (tn/ngy).
Tng lng tp cht i lm cm:
QTC cm = QTC + QTCNL = 2,304 + 0,38 = 2,204 (tn/ngy).
Gi s hao ht khi nguyn liu lm cm qua gu ti n my sng l 0,1%.
Lng nguyn liu vo my sng:
QVo MS = QTC cm x
100 0,1
100 0,1
= 2,204 x
= 2,202 (tn/ngy)
100
100
50% lng cm c kch thc ln vo xilo cha trc khi nghin. Lng cm c
kch thc ln i nghin l:
Qcm ln = QVo MS x
50
50
= 2,202 x
= 1,101 (tn/ngy)
100
100
3.8. Cng on dit trng su:

Thit b dit trng su gm 3 thit b, trong 2 thit b t trc xilo cha
bt v 1 thit b t sau:
Thit b t trc xilo cha bt:
+ Bt loi I: Qbt I = Qbt x
44
44
= 190 x
= 83,6 (tn/ngy) = 3,5 (tn/h)
100
100
+ Bt loi II: Qbt II = Qbt x

34
34
= 190 x
= 64,6 (tn/ngy) = 2,7 (tn/h)
100
100
SVTH: Mai Thi Th
n cng ngh 2
m
35
3.9. Cn bng san phm

- Nng sut nh my thit k l
: 190 tn nguyn liu/ngy
- m ban u ca nguyn liu : 12%
- T l tp cht l
: 3,4%
- Cho ra hai loi sn phm
+ Bt loi I
: 44%
+ Bt loi II
: 34%
- T l cm
: Qcm sau nghin + Qcm sau lm sch
3.9.1. Lng nguyn liu sch sau khi tch ht tp cht
Lng nguyn liu ban u a i lm sch 190 tn/ngy.
T l tp cht c trong nguyn liu: 3,4%
Vy lng nguyn liu cn li sau khi tch ht tp cht Qs
Qs (12%) = 190 190
3, 4
= 183,54 (tn/ngy)
100
Trong qu trnh lm sch c mt lng nc ngm vo lm m nguyn liu

tng t 12% n 16,5%. Do khi lng nguyn liu sau qu trnh lm sch cng
tng v c xc nh bng lng nguyn liu ra khi nam chm III.
Qs(16,5%) = Qra NCIII = 192,484 (tn/ngy)
3.9.2. Lng sn phm v ph phm
Sn phm chnh ca nh my l bt loi I (44%) v bt loi II (34%), ph phm
cm l 21,3% v tn hao l 0,7%.
+ Lng bt loi I thu c trong ngy:
QB1 = Qs
44
44
= 192, 484
= 84,693 (tn/ngy)
100
100
+ Lng bt loi II thu c trong ngy:

Q B 2 = Qs
34
34
= 192, 484
= 65,445 (tn/ngy)
100
100
+ Lng ph phm cn li lm cm l 21,3% so vi lng nguyn liu sch:

QCm nghin = 192,484 x
21,3
= 40,999 (tn/ngy)
100
+ Tn hao trong qu trnh nghin l 0,7%:

QT .hao = QS
0, 7
0, 7
=192, 484
= 1,347 (tn/ngy)
100
100
Tng lng sn phm v ph phm thu c trong ngy c tm tt nh sau
SVTH: Mai Thi Th
n cng ngh 2
m
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Bng 3.22. Bng cn bng sn phm

Tn sn phm
Lng s/p, (tn/ngy)
T l thu hi l: Qthu hi =
Bt loi I
84,693
Bt loi II
65,445
Cm
40,999
Tn hao
1,347
84, 693 + 65, 445 + 40,999

100 = 100,5%
190
Tng % lng bt sn phm thu c so vi nguyn liu sch:

Tng % bt thu c = Bt loi I + Bt loi II = 44% + 34% = 78%
Nh vy, nng sut nh my l 190 tn nguyn liu/ngy th lng sn phm thu
c l:
QS x
78
78
= 192,484 x
= 150,138 (tn bt/ngy).
100
100
CHNG 4. TNH V CHN THIT B

4.1. Tnh v chn thit b chnh
4.1.1. Cng on lm sch v chun b ht trc khi nghin
Bng 4.1. Bng tng kt nng sut cn thit k ca cc thit b phc v cng
on lm sch ht v chun b ht trc khi nghin
STT
Thit b
Q (tn/ngy)
Q (T/h)
Cn t ng
190
7,916
Lu lng k
190
7,916
Nam chm I
190
Sng tp cht ln I
189,943
7,916
7,914
Knh qut ht ln I
189,943
7,914
Nam chm II
187,112
7,796
Sng tp cht ln II
186,713
7,779
Knh qut ht ln II
186,713
7,779
My tch
92,397
3,849
10
My chn ht
92,397
3,849
11
My gia m ln 1
183,945
7,664
12
My gia m ln 2
191,372
7,973
13
My xt v
193,470
8,061
SVTH: Mai Thi Th
n cng ngh 2
m
14
37
Nam chm III
192,503
8,020
4.1.1.1. Cn t ng
Nguyn liu trc khi lm sch c a qua cn xc nh lng nguyn liu
a vo sn xut. Trc khi nghin th nguyn liu cng c cn nhm xc nh
lng tp cht loi ra, t xc nh hao ht cng nh xem xt kh nng thu hi
sn phm ca nh my trong sn xut.
Lng nguyn liu ban u a vo sn xut qua cn t ng l 7,916 tn
nguyn liu/gi. Chn cn t ng loi WGB ca sn xut.
- Thng s k thut:
+ Loi cn
: WGB 120
+ Nng sut (T/h)
: 14
+ Kch thc (mm)
: A x B x C = 850 x 850 x 1595
+ ng knh ca np liu (mm)
: eD = 195
+ ng knh ca tho sn phm (mm) : iE = 300

+ Khi lng (kg)
Nguyn liu vo
Ca x kh
: 320
Ca x kh
Sn phm ra
Hnh 4.1. Cn t ng WGB [16]

Nng sut ca cn l 14 T/h vy:
- S cn cn s dng ti cng on cn nguyn liu trc khi lm sch l:
N = Nng sut thit k/Nng sut thit b = 7,916/14 = 0,565. Chn 1 cn.
Lng nguyn liu qua cn vo sng tp cht 2 l: 186,713 tn/ngy = 7,779 T/h
- S cn cn s dng ti cng on cn nguyn liu vo sng tp cht 2 l:
N = 7,779/14 = 0,556. Chn 1 cn.
SVTH: Mai Thi Th
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m
38
Tng t nh vy ta cng chn c 1 cn trc khi vo nghin th, 1 cn ph

phm trc khi nghin ba, 1 cn bt thnh phm v 1 cn cm.
4.1.1.2. Lu lng k
Tng s c 9 lu lng k s dng trong nh my. Trong c 4 lu lng k
t di 4 xilo cha ht lm sch s b, 4 lu lng k t di 4 xilo m 1 v 1
lu lng k t trc my gia m 1.
Lng nguyn liu cha trong 4 xilo cha ht lm sch s b l: 187,112 tn.
Nh vy lng nguyn liu ti thiu qua lu lng k l 187,112/4 = 46,778
tn/ngy = 1,949 T/h.
Lu lng k t trc my gia m c lu lng nguyn liu i qua l ln nht
v bng: 183,945 tn/ngy = 7,664 T/h.
Theo ta chn lu lng k FIB 025 do hng OCRIM ca sn xut.
Vi cc thng s k thut nh sau:
Nng sut (T/h)
: 0,25 25
Khi lng (kg)
: 60
Kch thc (mm)
: 470 x 380 x 815
Hnh 4.2. Lu lng k FIB [16].

4.1.1.3. Sng lm sch tp cht ln I, II
Trong nh my nguyn liu trc khi a i ch bin cn phi loi b ht cc tp
cht c trong nguyn liu nhm m bo cht lng cho sn phm va an ton trong
sn xut.
Lng nguyn liu vo sng tp cht I l: 7,914 tn nguyn liu/gi. V vy ta c
th chn sng tp cht loi SPR 07N ca sn xut.
SVTH: Mai Thi Th
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- Thng s k thut:
+ Nng sut (T/h)
:9
2
+ Din tch b mt sng (m ) : 1,125
+ Kch thc (mm)
: A x B x C = 2158 x 1232 x 2143
+ Trng lng thit b (kg)
: 640
+ Cng sut ng c (kW)
: 1,1
+ Tn s dng in (Hz)
: 50
+ S my sng tp cht cn s dng l:
N = 7,914/9 = 0,879 (thit b).
Vy chn 1 sng tp cht I.
Lng
nguyn
liu vo sng tp cht II l: 7,779 tn nguyn liu/gi.
M t truyn
ng
+ S sng tp cht cn s dng trong cng on ny l: Li sng
chtb).
SPR [16].
N = Hnh4.3.
7,779/9 =Sng
0,864tp
(thit
Chn 1 sng tp cht ln II.
4.1.1.4. Knh qut ht

a) Knh qut ht cho sng tp cht ln 1 v my xt v
Sau khi qua sng tp cht ln 1 v my xt v nguyn liu chy qua knh qut
ht loi b cc tp cht nh, bi c trong nguyn liu.
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m
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Lng nguyn liu vo sng tp cht ln 1 l 7,914 T/h, v lng nguyn liu
vo my xt v l 8,061 T/h.
Chn knh qut ht TRR 07B do hng OCRIM ca sn xut.
Hnh4.4 a.. Knh qut ht TRR [16].

- Thng s k thut ca thit b:
+ Nng sut thit b (T/h)
:9
+ Cng sut ng c (kW)
:3
+ Tn s dng in s dng (Hz)
: 50
+ Khi lng thit b (Kg)
: 380
+ Kch thc thit b (mm)
: 1060 x 780 x 2600
+ S knh qut ht cn s dng (ci) : 02
b) Knh qut ht cho sng tp cht ln 2
Khc vi knh qut ht sng tp cht ln 1, nguyn liu ra khi knh qut ht
sng tp cht ln 2 c phn thnh 2 phn. Phn nng i tip vo my tch
tch si cn phn nh i vo my chn ht tch cc tp cht ngoi lai.
Lng nguyn liu vo sng tp cht ln 2 l 7,779 T/h
Chn knh qut ht TRC 07R do hng OCRIM ca sn xut.
SVTH: Mai Thi Th
Hnh 4.4b. Knh qut ht TRC R [16].
n cng ngh 2
m
41

+ Nng sut thit b (T/h)
+ Cng sut ng c (kW)
+ Khi lng thit b (Kg)
+ S knh qut ht cn s dng (ci)
:9
:3
: 50
: 675
: 1560 x 1010 x 3190
: 01
4.1.1.5. Nam chm tch kim loi I, II, III

Trong nguyn liu ban u c ln cc tp cht kim loi, nhng tp cht ny ri
vo khi ht trong qu trnh sn xut hoc vn chuyn. Nu khng tch ht th tp
cht kim loi lm cho thit b b mi mn, lm hng cc b phn ca my v c th va
p to tia la gy ha hon.
Lng nguyn liu vo nam chm I l: 7,916 tn/h.
Lng nguyn liu vo nam chm II l: 7,796 tn/h.
Lng nguyn liu vo nam chm III l: 8,020 tn/h.
Chn nam chm tch kim loi MSC 15 do hng OCRIM ca sn xut.
- Cc thng s k thut:
+ Nng sut (T/h)
: 18
+ Khi lng (kg)
: 70
+ Kch thc (mm)
: D = 275; H = 680
: C = 150
- S nam chm tch tp cht kim loi ln 1 cn s dng l:

N = 7,916 /18 = 0,440. Chn 1 nam chm trong cng on ny.
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- S nam chm tch tp cht kim loi II cn s dng l:

N = 7,796/18 = 0,433. Chn 1 nam chm.
- S nam chm tch tp cht kim loi III cn s dng:
N = 8,020/18 = 0,446. Chn 1 nam chm.
t 1 nam chm trc my nghin ba tch tp cht kim loi trc khi
nghin. Lng nguyn liu vo my nghin ba l: 1,101 T/ngy = 0,046 T/h.
Chn nam chm MSC 10 do hng OCRIM ca sn xut.
Hnh 4.5. Nam chm MSC [16].

Cc thng s k thut nh sau:
+ Nng sut (T/h)
+ Khi lng (kg)
+ Kch thc (mm)
:5
: 45
: D = 220, H = 570
: C = 100
4.1.1.6. My tch
Trong qu trnh lm sch tp cht ln 1 v 2 tp cht si khng th loi b ht
do chng ta phi s dng my gn loi b ht lng tp cht si ny nhm
thu c lng nguyn liu sch m bo cht lng a i sn xut.
Lng nguyn liu vo my gn l: 92,397 tn/ngy = 3,850 tn/h
Chn loi my tch TSV 060 do hng OCRIM ca sn xut.
Hnh 4.6. My tch TSV [16].
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m
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- Cc thng s k thut ca my tch

+ Nng sut thit b (tn/h)
:4
: 50
+ Cng sut ng c (kW)
: 2 x 0,185
+ Kch thc my (mm)
: A x B x C = 1220 x 790 x 1400
+ Trng lng my (kg)
: 150
- S my cn s dng trong dy chuyn l:
N = 3,850 /4 = 0,963. Chn 1 my trong dy chuyn sn xut.
4.1.1.7. My chn ht
Nng sut cn thit k ca my: Q = 92,397 tn/ngy = 3,850 tn/h
Chn my tch ht CSA UN 407/2 do hng OCRIM ca sn xut.
- Vi cc thng s k thut nh sau:
+ Nng sut (T/h)
:4
+ Cng sut lm vic (kW)
: 2 x 1,1
+ Khi lng (kg)
: 2180
+ Kch thc (mm)
: A x B x C = 2160 x 950 x 2950
- S lng
: N = 3,850 /4 = 0,962. Chn 1 thit b.
3
A
Hnh 4.7. My chn ht [16].

4.1.1.8. Thit b gia m
Nguyn liu a vo sn xut cn phi c lm m nhm tng kh nng lm
sch tp cht ng thi gip mt lng nc ngm vo nguyn liu lm cho v
SVTH: Mai Thi Th
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nguyn liu tr nn dai hn, ni nh tr nn mm thun li cho qu trnh nghin v

loi b v sau ny.
Lng nguyn liu vo thit b gia m ln 1 l: 7,664 T/h.
Lng nguyn liu vo thit b gia m ln 2 l: 7,973 T/h.
Chn thit b lm m SCV 35C ca OCRIM.
- Cc thng s k thut ca my:
+ Nng sut my (tn/h)
: 13
+ Lng nc s dng (l/h)
: 1000
+ Cng sut ng c (kW)
: 7,5
+ Trng lng my (kg)
: 520
+ Kch thc my (mm)
: 1245 x 650 x 2645
- S thit b gia m ln 1 cn s dng trong nh my l:
N1 = 7,664/13 = 0,589. Chn 1 thit b gia m ln 1.
- S thit b gia m ln 2 cn s dng l:
N2 = 7,973/13 = 0,613. Chn 1 thit b gia m ln 2.
Hnh 4.8. Thit b gia m SCV [16].

4.1.1.9. My xt v
SVTH: Mai Thi Th
n cng ngh 2
m
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- Lng nguyn liu i vo my xt v l: 8,061 T/h.

Chn my xt v nhn hiu SIG 3013 ca OCRIM.
- Cc thng s k thut:
+ Nng sut my (T/h)
: 8,5
+ Cng sut ng c (kW)
: 7,5
+ Trng lng my (kg)
: 560
+ Kch thc my (mm)
: 2093 x 700 x 1703
S my cn dng:
N = 8,061/8,5 = 0,948. Chn 1 my trong dy chuyn sn xut
Hnh 4.9. My xt v [16].

4.1.2. Cng on nghin
4.1.2.1. Chn h nghin th v sng phn loi tng ng
Bng 4.2. Bng tng kt nng sut cn thit k ca cc h nghin th
STT
1
2
3
4
5
Tn thit b
H nghin th I
H nghin th II
H nghin th III
H nghin th IV
H nghin th V
QTK (tn/ngy)
192,484
128,483
93,321
59,920
17,093
QTK (T/h)
8,020
5,353
3,888
2,496
0,712
a) H nghin th
Chn my nghin th nhn hiu RMQ do hng OCRIM ca sn xut. Cc my
nghin th II, III, IV, V c 1 ca np liu, 2 cp trc nghin. Ring my nghin th I
c 2 ca np liu, 4 cp trc nghin.
Bng 4.3. Cc loi my nghin cn s dng trong mi h nghin th
SVTH: Mai Thi Th
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m
46
Cng on
QTK(T/h)
Loi my
H nghin th I
H nghin th II
H nghin th III
H nghin th IV
H nghin th V
8,020
5,353
3,888
2,496
0,712
RMQ 080
RMQ 125
RMQ 080
RMQ 080
RMQ 080
Nng sut my
(T/h)
4,8 x 2
7,5
4,8
4,8
4,8
C cu 1 ca np liu
N
0,835
0,714
0,81
0,52
0,150
S
lng
1
1
1
1
1
C cu 2 ca np liu
Hnh 4.10. My nghin kp RMQ [16].

Bng 4.4. Cc thng s k thut ca cc my nghin trong cc h nghin th
Loi my
Nng sut cho 1 ca np
liu (T/h)
trc nghin (mm)
Cng sut ng c (kW)
Dng in s dng (Hz)
p lc trc nn (bar)
Kch thc my (mm)
Trng lng my (Kg)
RMQ 080
RMQ 125
4,8
7,5
250
2x30
50
6
1700 x 1505 x 2440
6465
250
2x30
50
6
2150 x 1250 x 2440
7705
b) Chn sng phn loi tng ng

Sau khi nghin xong cc bt nghin c a xung sng phn loi thu c
cc loi bt khc nhau theo yu cu sn xut. Phn khng lt sng tip tc c a
i nghin li hoc qua cc cng on khc.
Chn sng phn loi bt loi BQG A v loi do hng OCRIM ca sn xut.
SVTH: Mai Thi Th
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47
Theo nng sut cn thit k ta chn sng phn loi bt nhn hiu BQG 63A c 6
ngn lm vic, nng sut mi ngn l 6,5 T/h. Mi h nghin th ng vi 1 ngn lm
vic, ring h nghin th 1 c 2 ngn lm vic do c nng sut ln.
Bng 4.5. Bng kt qu tnh ton sng phn loi tng ng
Loi sng
Sng phn loi h nghin th 1
Nguyn liu
vo (T/h)
8,020
5,353
3,888
2,496
0,712
Nng sut 1
ngn (T/h)
6,5
6,5
6,5
6,5
6,5
1,234
0,823
0,598
0,384
0,109
S
ngn
2
1
1
1
1
- Thng s k thut ca sng phn loi BQG 63A:

+ Nng sut mt ngn (tn/h)
: 6,5
+ S ngn (ngn)
:6
2
+ Tng din tch b mt ry (m )
: 55,26
+ Cng sut ng c (kW)
:4
+ Dng in s dng (Hz)
: 50
+ Trng lng my (kg)
: 4060
+ Kch thc my (mm)
: 2380 x 2260 x 3710
Hnh 4.11. Sng phn loi [16].

4.1.2.2. Chn h nghin mn v ry tng ng
a) H nghin mn
Chn my nghin loi LAM cs do hnh OCRIM ca sn xut
Bng 4.6. Bng kt qu tnh ton cc h nghin mn
H nghin
QTK
QTK
Tn
Nng sut
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mn
(Tn/ngy)
(T/h)
thit b
(T/h)
40,807
1,700
LAM cs 600
4,8
0,354
II
47,986
1,999
LAM cs 600
4,8
0,416
III
IV
V
37,265
44,117
39,382
1,552
1,838
1,640
LAM cs 600
LAM cs 600
LAM cs 600
4,8
0,323
0,382
0,341
1
1
1
- Cc thng s k thut nh sau:

+ Nng sut my (tn/h)
+ ng knh trc nghin (mm)
+ p lc trc nn (bar)
+ Cng sut ng c (kW)
+ Kch thc (mm)
+ Trng lng my (kg)
lng
4,8
4,8
: 4,8
: 250
:6
: 50
: 37
: 1500 x 1330 x 1877
: 3350
Hnh 4.12. My nghin mn LAM CS [16].

b) Chn ry tng ng
Chn ry phn loi trong h nghin mn nhn hiu BQG 63A do hng OCRIM
ca sn xut. Ry c 6 ngn lm vic, nng sut mi ngn l 6,5 T/h. Mi h nghin
mn ng vi 1 ngn lm vic.
Bng 4.7. Bng kt qu tnh ton ry tng ng
Ry phn
loi cho
H nghin mn I
H nghin mn II
H nghin mn III
QTK
(tn/ngy)
40,807
47,986
37,265
QTK
(T/h)
1,700
1,999
1,552
Nng sut 1
ngn (T/h)
6,5
6,5
6,5
N
0,261
0,307
0,238
S
ngn
1
1
1
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H nghin mn IV
H nghin mn V
44,117
39,382
1,838
1,640
- Thng s k thut ca ry nh sau:

+ Nng sut mt ngn (T/h)
+ S ngn lm vic (ngn)
+ Tng din tch b mt ry (m2)
+ Cng sut ng c (kW)
+ Dng in s dng (Hz)
+ Trng lng my (kg)
+ Kch thc my (mm)
6,5
6,5
0,282
0,252
1
1
: 6,5
:6
: 55,26
:4
: 50
: 4060
: 2380 x 2260 x 3710
Hnh 4.11. Ry phn loi nghin mn [16].

4.1.3. Cng oan p v, nghin v
4.1.3.1. My p v
Nguyn liu sau khi ra khi h nghin th IV vn cn mt t v bm trn ht
c tip tc a qua my p v nhm loi b v, thu lng bt ti a.
Lng nguyn liu vo my p v l: 19,056 tn/ngy = 0,794 tn/h.
Chn my p v loi SIG 360 do hng OCRIM ca sn xut.
Hnh 4.14. My p v SIG [16].
SVTH: Mai Thi Th
n cng ngh 2
m
50

+ Nng sut thit b (tn/h)
: 2,5
+ ng knh trc (mm)
: 314
+ Cng sut ng c (kW)
: 2,2
+ Tn s dng in (Hz)
: 50
+ Trng lng thit b (kg)
: 350
+ Kch thc my (mm)
: 1173 x 532 x 1556
- S my cn s dng:
N = 0,794/2,5 = 0,318. Chn 1 my.
4.1.3.2. H nghin v
Nguyn liu sau khi qua cc h nghin th, mn, mt phn nguyn liu trn sng
vn cn ni nh bm vo v, thu c phn ni nh cn st li ny ngi ta a
phn khng lt sng t cc h nghin trc vo h nghin v.
- Lng nguyn liu a qua h nghin v l: 31,125 tn/ngy = 1,297 T/h.
- Chn my nghin v loi RMX 060 do hng OCRIM ca sn xut.
Hnh 4.15. My nghin v RMX [16]

SVTH: Mai Thi Th
n cng ngh 2
m
51
- Thng s k thut ca my nghin v:

+ Nng sut my nghin (T/h)
: 4,8
+ ng knh trc nghin (mm)
: 250
+ Chiu di trc nghin (mm)
: 600
+ p lc trc nn (bar)
:6
: 50
+ Cng sut ng c (kW)
: 37
+ Trng lng my (kg)
: 2760
+ Kch thc my (mm)
: 1480 x 1430 x 1860
- S my nghin v cn s dng l:
N = 1,297/4,8 = 0,270. Chn 1 my nghin v trong dy chuyn sn xut.
4.1.4. Chn sng gi v ry kim tra
4.1.4.1. Chn sng gi
- Chn sng gi loi SDB 500 do hng OCRIM ca sn xut.
Bng 4.8. Bng tng kt tnh ton cc sng gi
Tn cng on
Sng gi N1
Sng gi N2
Sng gi N3
Sng gi N4
QTK
(tn/ngy)
40,807
41,384
38,497
40,422
QTK (T/h)
1,700
1,724
1,604
1,684
Tn
thit b
SDB 500
SDB 500
SDB 500
SDB 500
QM (T/h)
3,6
3,6
3,6
3,6
0,472
0,479
0,445
0,468
S lng
(thit b)
1
1
1
1
SVTH: Mai Thi Th
n cng ngh 2
m
52
- Thng s k thut ca sng:

+ Nng sut (T/h)
: 3,6
2
+ Din tch b mt sng (m )
: 5,3
+ Dng in s dng (Hz)
: 50
+ Cng sut tiu hao (kW)
: 0,75
+ Lng khng kh tiu hao (m3/ph)
: 40 55
+ Trng lng my (kg)
: 1140
+ Kch thc my (mm)
: 2755 x 1280 x 1600
4.1.4.2. Chn ry kim tra bt
Bng 4.9. Bng kt qu tnh ton ry kim tra bt
Tn thit b
Ry KT bt loi 1
Ry KT bt loi 2
QTK
(T/ngy)
91,423
70,849
QTK
(T/h)
3,809
2,952
Tn
thit b
BMG 85
BMG 85
Nng sut
(T/h)
6
6
N
0,635
0,492
S lng
(thit b)
1
1
Chn ry kim tra bt loi BMG 85 ca sn xut

- Thng s k thut ca ry nh sau:
B mt li ph 1 lp kim loi khng g.
+ Nng sut (T/h)
:6
+ Tng din tch b mt ry (m2)
: 2,93
+ Cng sut ng c (kW)
: 1,1
+ Dng in s dng (Hz)
: 50
Hnh 5.16. Sng gi loi SDB 500 [16].
+ Trng lng my (kg)
: 600
+ Kch thc my (mm)
: 1320 x 1320 x 1540
Hnh 4.17. Ry kim tra bt BMG 85 [16].
SVTH: Mai Thi Th
n cng ngh 2
m
53
4.1.5. Chn my xoa cm

Lng nguyn liu vo bng tng lng cm thu c trong qu trnh lm sch.
QCm lm sch = 2,204 tn/ngy = 0,092 T/h.
Chn my xoa cm kiu a gic FPK/N 360 do hng OCRIM ca sn xut vi
cc thng s k thut sau:
Nng sut (T/h)
: 0,8
Cng sut t (kW)
:3
Trng lng my (Kg)
: 360
Kch thc (mm)
: 1190 x 540 x 1750
S lng (thit b)
: 01 (N = 0,115)
Hnh 4.18. My xoa cm kiu a gic [16].

4.1.6. My dit trng su
Trc khi em ng bao bt c cho qua cc thit b dit trng su (TBDTS)
nhm tiu dit trng cn trng v su hi to iu kin thun li cho cng on bo
qun sau ny.
Chn 3 thit b dit trng su, trong 2 thit b t trc xilo cha bt v 1
thit b t trc xilo cha bt trc khi ng bao.
SVTH: Mai Thi Th
n cng ngh 2
m
54
Trong cng on bt vo xilo cha: QB1 = 83,6 tn/ngy = 3,483 tn/h

v QB2 = 64,6 tn/ngy = 2,692 tn/h.
Trong cng on bt qua xilo cha i vo ng bao: Q = 6,256 T/h.
Chn thit b dit trng su IDA do hng OCRIM ca sn xut
Bng 4.10. bng tnh ton thit b dit trng su
Tn thit b
TBDTS bt loi 1
TBDTS bt loi 2
TBDTS trc ng bao
QTK
(T/h)
3,529
2,727
6,256
Tn
thit b
IDA 370
IDA 370
IDA 660
Nng sut
(T/h)
3,9
3,9
8,8
N
0,905
0,699
0,711
S lng
(thit b)
1
1
1
Hnh 4.19. Thit b dit trng su [16].

Thng s k thut ca thit b dit trng su IDA 370:
Nng sut (T/h)
: 3,9
Khi lng (kg)
: 240
Cng sut t (kW)
: 5,5
Kch thc (mm)
: 1200 x 810 x 1396
Thng s k thut ca thit b dit trng su IDA 660:
Nng sut (T/h)
: 8,8
Khi lng (kg)
: 760
Cng sut t (kW)
: 15,0
Kch thc (mm)
: 1645 x 1170 x 1746
4.1.7. Chn h thng cn ng bao bt thnh phm v cm
Bng 4.11. Bng tng kt nng sut cn thit k ca my ng bao
SVTH: Mai Thi Th
n cng ngh 2
m
STT
1
2
3
55
Thit b
Cn ng bao bt loi 1
Cn ng bao bt loi 2
Cn ng bao cm
QTK (tn/ngy)
84,693
65,445
40,999
S cn cn thit ng bao bt thnh phm l: n =
Trong :
QTK (T/h)
3,529
2,727
1,708
QTK
QM
QTK: Nng sut thit k, T/h

QM: Nng sut my, T/h
Bng 4.12. Bng kt qu tnh ton cho my ng bao
Cng on
QTK
(T/h)
Tn thit b
Nng sut
(T/h)
Cn ng bao bt
3,529
DSS60 SINCO
Cn ng bao cm
1,708
DSS60 SINCO
S lng
(Thit b)
N
0,58
8
0,28
5
1
1
Hnh 4.20. H thng cn ng bao [17].

Thng s ca cn ng bao bt thnh phm:
+ Chn cn ng bao t ng loi DSS60 SINCO do Vit Nam sn xut.
+ Thng s k thut:
- Hin th kt qu bng k thut s v iu khin t ng.
- in p, (V)
: 220
SVTH: Mai Thi Th
n cng ngh 2
m
56
- Di cn, (kg)
: 20 100
- p sut kh yu cu, (kg/cm2) : 5
- Nng sut (T/h)
:6
- chnh xc (%)
: 0,1
- Kch thc (mm)
: 1614 x 1420 x 1700
4.1.8. Chn my nghin ba
Sn phm chnh ca nh my sn xut
bt m l bt loi 1 v bt loi 2, ngoi ra cn
c cc sn phm ph nh cm, vCc sn
phm ph ny c a vo my nghin ba
nghin mn lm thc n cho gia sc tng
hiu qu kinh t cho nh my.
Lng nguyn liu vo my nghin ba
l: 1,101 tn/ngy.
V lng nguyn liu vo my nghin
ba trong mt ngy t nn my nghin ba lm
vic gin on khi lng nguyn liu tp trung nhiu th cho my lm vic.
Chn 1 my nghin ba loi VN08TMS00151 do Vit Nam sn xut.
- Thng s k thut may nghin ba:
+ Nng sut (T/h)
:3-5
+ Cng sut ng c (kW)
: 55
+ Khi lng (kg)
: 1350
: 1570 x 630 x 1450
4.2. Tnh v chn thit b ph

4.2.1. Tnh v chn xil cha
Chn xilo cha c dng hnh tr ng, ng knh Xilo D,
ng knh ca thot d, y nn, gc nn .
Th tch xilo cha c tnh theo cng thc sau:
VT =
QTK
K
Trong :
QTK: Nng sut cn thit k ca xilo cha, tn/ngy.
: Trng lng ring:
hc
SVTH: Mai Thi Th
n cng ngh 2
m
57
La m
: = 0,78 T/m3
Bt
: = 0,65 T/m3
Bt cm
: = 0,55 T/m3
K: H s cha y, chn K = 0,85.
+ Chiu cao ca phn y nn l hc, (m)
: hc = 1/2 (D d).tg
+ Th tch phn chp nn ca xilo, (m3)
: Vc = 1/3. .(R2 + r2 + R.r).hc
+ Chiu cao ca phn lng tr l h, (m)
: h = (Vt - Vc)/ .R2
+ Th tch ca phn tr ng (m3)
: V = .R2.h = Vt - Vc
+ Chiu cao ton xilo cha (m)
: H = h + hc
Bng 4.13. Bng cc thng s ban u ca xilo cha

Loi xilo
Xilo nguyn liu sau
lm sch ln 1
Xilo m ln 1
QTK
S
QTK mi
(tn/ngy) lng xilo (T/N)
D
(m)
d
(m)
Thi gian
lu (h)
187,112
46,778
2,5
0,3
24
191,564
47,891
2,5
0,3
24
Xilo m ln 2
193,664
48,416
2,5
0,3
24
Xilo bt thnh phm

Xilo bt trc khi
em ng bao
Xilo cha ph phm
150,138
37,534
2,5
0,3
24
6,256
6,256
0,2
2,204
2,204
1,5
0,2
24
Xilo cm
Xilo cm trc khi
em ng bao
40,999
40,999
0,3
24
1,708
1,708
1,5
0,2
24
p dng cng thc trn ta c kt qu th tch v chiu cao ca cc xilo cha

nh bng sau:
SVTH: Mai Thi Th
n cng ngh 2
m
58
Bng 4.14. Bng kt qu tnh ton th tch v chiu cao ca cc xilo cha
VT,m3
,0
hc,m
Vc,m3
h,m
H,m
Chn
70,555
45
1,1
2,041
13,982
15,082
16
72,234
73,026
67,935
60
60
45
1,905
1,905
1,1
3,535
3,535
2,041
14,002
14,164
13,430
15,907
16,068
14,530
17
17
15
11,323
60
1,559
1,811
4,559
Xilo cha ph phm
4,714
60
1,26
0,763
2,237
3,497
Xilo cha cm
Xilo cha cm trc khi
em ng bao
87,698
60
2,338
6,112
11,548
13,886
14
3,653
60
1,26
0,763
1,636
2,896
Cc xilo cha
Xilo cha nguyn liu sau
lm sch 1
Xilo m ln 1
Xilo m ln 2
Xilo cha bt thnh phm
Xilo cha bt trc khi
ng bao
4.2.2. Tnh v chn cc thit b vn chuyn

Tnh v chn gu ti cho cng on lm sch, chun
b ht trc khi nghin v cng on nghin.
- Chn nng sut ca gu ti da vo nng sut ca
nguyn liu ban u.
* Tng s gu ti s dng trong nh my l 7 trong
c 5 gu ti c s dng trong cng on lm sch, 1
gu ti dng vn chuyn ph phm i nghin v 1 gu ti
vn chuyn cm i ng bao.
- Chn gu ti loi ETS 1A do hng OCRIM ca
sn xut.
- Nng sut theo thit k: QTK = 190 tn/ngy = 7,917
T/h.
- Nng sut gu ti:
+ Vn chuyn ht: 25 T/h
+ Vn chuyn bt: 13,5 T/h
+ Vn chuyn cm: 5,5 T/h
SVTH: Mai Thi Th
n cng ngh 2
m
59
- Kch thc ca gu ti (mm)

u gu ti
: (970 x 417 x 832)
Chn gu ti
: (585 x 242 x 765)
2) Tnh cng sut ca gu ti
Cng sut cn thit ca ng c truyn ng cho
gu ti dng bng c tnh theo cng thc:
Nc =
Q H
367
- Trong :
Q: Nng sut ca gu ti, T/h
H: Chiu cao nng ca gu ti, m
: Hiu sut ca gu ti (k c hiu sut truyn ng)
V H < 30 nn chn = 0,7
+ Cng sut ca gu ti vn chuyn nguyn liu ht ln i lm sch.
- Chiu cao gu ti vn chuyn nguyn liu ht ban u: H = 26 m
N H 19 =
25 19
367 0,7
= 2,335 kW
- Chiu cao gu ti vn chuyn ht i sng tp cht ln 2: H = 26 m

N H 22 =
25 26
367 0,7
= 2,53 kW
- Chiu cao gu ti vn chuyn ht i gia m ln 1 v gia m ln 2: H = 27 m

N H 22 =
25 27
367 0,7
= 2,627 kW
- Chiu cao gu ti vn chuyn ht i xt v: H = 25 m

N H 20 =
25 25
367 0,7
Chiu cao gu ti vn chuyn ph phm i lm cm: H = 20 m.

N B 20 =
=2,433 kW
13 ,5 26
367 0,7
=1,366 kW
Chiu cao gu ti vn chuyn cm i ng bao: H = 18 m.

N B10 =
13 ,5 10
=0,946
367 0,7
kW
Tng cng sut ca cc gu ti dng trong phn xng sn xut.

Ngt = NH19 + NH22 x 3 + NH20 x 2 + NB20 + NB10
= 2,335 + 2,53 + (2,627 x 2) + 2,433 + 1,366 + 0,946 = 14,8644 kW
4.2.2.2. Vt ti
SVTH: Mai Thi Th
n cng ngh 2
m
60
Dng vn chuyn nguyn liu vo v ra cc xil cha khu lm sch, vn

chuyn bn thnh phm vo sng kim tra y ta s dng vt ti nm ngang.
Nng sut thit k (da vo lng nguyn liu ban u) QTK = 7,917 T/h.
A
Chn loi vt ti SCT 200 do hng OCRIM ca sn xut.
Hnh 4.23. Vt ti [16].

- Thng s k thut ca vt ti:
+ Nng sut vt ti (T/h)
: 11,4 16,3
+ ng knh vt ti (mm)
: 200
+ Kch thc (A x B x C) (mm)
: 225 x 310 x 320
4.2.2.3. Bng ti
Dng vn chuyn cc bao bt t ni ng bao ra ngoi hoc vo kho cha.
Chn bng ti c nhn hiu BTM-200 do cng ty c kh Vina Nha Trang ca
Vit Nam sn xut vi cc thng s k thut sau:
+ Nng sut (m3/h)
:57
+ Cng sut lp t
: 1 Hp/5 mt chiu di
+ Kch thc ty theo yu cu vn chuyn.
Hnh 4.24. Bng ti

4.2.2.4. H thng vn chuyn kh lc
Chn h thng vn chuyn kh lc qua tham kho thc t cng ngh v thit b
vn chuyn kh lc ti nh my bt m Vit vi nng sut 264 tn/ngy, c cc
thng s sau:
- My vn chuyn bt loi I n xil cha:
+ K hiu:
BL301
+ Nng sut:
9 T/h
+ Cng sut ng c:
32 kW
+ p sut thi:
1,01 bar
SVTH: Mai Thi Th
n cng ngh 2
m
61
+ p sut an ton:
15 bar
+ Cng sut hi:
797 m3/h
- My vn chuyn bt loi II n xil cha:
+ K hiu:
BL302
+ Nng sut:
3,5 T/h
+ Cng sut ng c:
11 kW
+ p sut thi:
1,01 bar
+ p sut an ton:
14 bar
+ Cng sut hi:
384 m3/h
- My vn chuyn cm n xil cha:
+ K hiu:
BL303
+ Nng sut:
1 2,5 T/h
+ Cng sut ng c:
9 kW
+ p sut thi:
1,01 bar
+ p sut an ton:
12 bar
+ Cng sut hi:
600 m3/h
- My vn chuyn bt n xil ng bao:
+ K hiu:
BL304
+ Nng sut:
20 T/h
+ Cng sut ng c:
36 kW
+ p sut thi:
1,01 bar
+ p sut an ton:
16 bar
+ p sut hi:
10 20 m3/h trn vi 20 tn bt m
4.2.2.5. H thng lc bi (Cyclone v h thng lc ti)

Ti mi cng on lm sch, nghin sng u to bi. Cc bi ny c a vo
h thng lc bi nhm m bo thu nhn trit lng sn phm b ht theo dng
khng kh, ng thi hn ch nhim mi trng, dng kh sau khi qua h thng lc
bi m bo yu cu khng kh sch c thi ra ngoi mi. Lng bt trong h
thng lc ti c ra ngoi nh h thng cnh qut xoay trong thit b.
Dng
- H thng cyclone:
Khng
kh ra
Dng khng
Chn loi cyclone CLD ca
kh +
snsn xut.
phm vo

Sn
phm
ra
SVTH: Mai Thi Th
Hnh 4.25. Cyclone [16].
n cng ngh 2
m
62
- Thng s k thut ca cyclone

Chn cyclone loi CLD 2
+ ng knh cyclone A : 400 mm
+ ng knh ca thot kh B : 160 mm
+ Chiu cao = C + D = 610 + 310 = 920 mm
+ Lng khng kh: Min: 20 m3/pht
Max: 25 m3/pht
+ Trng lng cyclone: 26 kg
- H thng lc bi dng ti:
Nng sut lc theo yu cu (t 95%)
Kh nng lc vi hiu qu cao cho cc dng bi c kch c ln hn 0,3 mm
Ti vi c th tho lp d dng.
Bng 4.15. Bng tng kt cc thit b chnh s dng trong nh my
MSC 15
MSC 10
SPR 07N
TRR 07B
TRC 07R
TSV 060
CSA UN 407/2
SCV 35C
SIG 3013
Nng
sut
(T/h)
14
0,25 25
18
5
9
9
9
4
4
13
14
RMQ 080
RMQ 125
BQG 63A
LAM cs 600
STT
Tn thit b
Kiu my
Cn t ng
WGB 120
Lu lng k
FIB 025
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Nam chm
Nam chm
Sng tp cht I,II
Knh qut ht
Knh quat hut
My tch
My chn ht
My gia m ln1,2
My xt v
H nghin th
I, III, IV, V
H nghin th II
Sng PL th I
H nghin mn
Kch thc
(DxRxC)
Khi lng
(kg)
SL
850 x 850 x 1595
320
470 x 380 x 815
60
D = 275, H = 680
D = 220, H = 570
2158 x 1232 x 2143
1060 x 780 x 2600
1560 x 1010 x 3190
1220 x 790 x 1400
2160 x 950 x 2950
1245 x 650 x 2645
2093 x 700 x 1703
70
45
640
380
675
150
2180
520
560
3
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
4,8
1700 x 1505 x 2440
6465
7,5
6,5
4,8
2150 x 1250 x 2440

2380 x 2260 x 3710
1500 x 1330 x 1877
7750
4060
3350
1
1
5
SVTH: Mai Thi Th
n cng ngh 2
m
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
I, II, III, IV, V

Ry PL mn I
My p v
My nghin v
Sng gi
N1, N2, N3, N4
Ry KT bt loi 1,2
May xoa cam
TBDTS bt loai 1,2
TBDTS ong bao
Cn ng bao bt
Cn ng bao cm
My nghin ba
63
BQG 63A
SIG 360
RMX 060
6,5
2,5
4,8
2380 x 2260 x 3710

1173 x 532 x 1556
1480 x 1430 x 1860
4060
350
2760
1
1
1
SDB 500
3,6
2755 x 1280 x 1600
1140
BMG 85
FPK/N 360
IDA 370
IDA 370
DSS60 SINCO
DSS60 SINCO
VN08TMS151
6
0,8
3,9
8,8
6
6
3-5
1320 x 1320 x 1540

1190 x 540 x 1750
1200 x 810 x 1396
1645 x 1170 x 1746
1614 x 1420 x 1700
1614 x 1420 x 1700
1570 x 630 x 1450
600
360
240
760
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1350
TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Gs, Ts Nguyn Bin, Pgs, Pts Nguyn Vn i, Pts L Nguyn Dng, Ks
Long Thanh Hng, Pts inh Vn Hunh (1992), S tay Qu trnh v thit b cng
ngh ha cht tp I, NXB Khoa hc v K thut, H Ni.
2. Gs, Ts Nguyn Bin, Pgs, Pts Nguyn Vn i, Pts L Nguyn Dng, Ks
Long Thanh Hng, Pts inh Vn Hunh, Pgs, Pts Hunh Trng Khung, Pts Phan
Vn Thm, Pts Phm Xun Ton, Pts Trn Xoa (1999), S tay Qu trnh v thit b
cng ngh ha cht tp II, NXB Khoa hc v K thut, H Ni.
3. Gs Trn Ngc Chn (1998), K thut thng gi, NXB xy dng, H Ni.
4. Nguyn Vn t, Ng Vn Tm (1974), Phn tch lng thc thc phm, B
lng thc thc phm.
5. TS. Trng Th Minh Hnh (2007), Gio n mn hc thit b thc phm,
Trng i hc Bch Khoa Nng.
SVTH: Mai Thi Th
n cng ngh 2
m
64
6. Bi c Hi, L Hng Khanh, Mai Vn L, L Th Cc, Hong Th ngc

Chu, L Ngc T, Lng Hng Nga (2006), K thut ch bin lng thc tp 1,
NXB Khoa hc v K thut.
7. Bi c Hi, L Hng Khanh, Mai Vn L, L Th Cc, Hong Th ngc
Chu, L Ngc T, Lng Hng Nga (2006), K thut ch bin lng thc tp 2,
NXB Khoa hc v K thut.
8. TSKH L Vn Hong (1991), Nghin cu - ng dng v trin khai cc qu
trnh cng ngh sau thu hoch, NXB Nng.
9. Nguyn Th L Thoa (2010), Bi ging cng ngh ch bin lng thc,
Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Nng.
10. Ts Nguyn Th (1991), K thut v cng ngh sy cc sn phm thc phm,
NXB Nng.
11. Trn Thc (2005), Gio trnh bo qun thc phm, Trng Cao ng Lng
Thc Thc Phm.
12. Trn Th Truyn (2006), C s thit k nh my, Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa
Nng.
13. L Ngc T, Bi c Hi, Lu Dun, Ng Hu Hp, ng Th Thu, Nguyn
Trng Cn (1999), Ha hc thc phm, NXB Khoa hc v K thut.
14. L Ngc T (ch bin), (2000), Ho sinh cng nghip, NXB Khoa hc K
thut.
15. Tiu chun quc gia. TCVN 6095 : 2008. Hat hua mi (Triticum Aestivum L)
cac yu cu.
16. www.ocrim.com Ngy 10/10/2010
17. www.sinco.com.vn/sinco.php?act=plant&id=1 Ngy 9/10/2010
18. thv.vn/vn/Detail/?ID=2485&tn=P Ngy xem 15/10/2010
19.http://www.techmart.cesti.gov.vn/DetailSell.asp?
ProductID=VN08TMS00151&PageIndex=1 Ngy xem 28/10/2010
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n cng ngh 2

GVHD: TS. ng Minh Nht

SVTH: Mai Thi Th

CHNG 1. TNG QUAN

SVTH: Mai Thi Th

Hnh 1.1-b. Ct ngang ht la m

GVHD: TS. ng Minh Nht

SVTH: Mai Thi Th

SVTH: Mai Thi Th

Phi cch ni nh bi lp ng, lp ng c cu to t nhng t bo c kh

GVHD: TS. ng Minh Nht

SVTH: Mai Thi Th

+ Kh nng ht nc ca gluten: gluten tt c kh nng ht nc cao. Thng

GVHD: TS. ng Minh Nht

SVTH: Mai Thi Th

y l nhng protit c tnh xc tc, trong thi k chn ca ht cc enzym tham

GVHD: TS. ng Minh Nht

SVTH: Mai Thi Th

D lng thuc bo v thc vt khng vt qu mc ti a cho php, khng c

SVTH: Mai Thi Th

GVHD: TS. ng Minh Nht

SVTH: Mai Thi Th

r tnh cht, tnh trng ca mi khi ht khi em vo bo qun, v nh hng ca mi

SVTH: Mai Thi Th

SVTH: Mai Thi Th

- Cng on nghin v phn loi sn phm nghin.

CHNG 2. CHN V THUYT MINH DY CHUYN SN XUT

2.1. Chn dy chuyn sn xut

SVTH: Mai Thi Th

2.1.2. Lm sch bng phng php t

H thng tip nhn

GVHD: TS. ng Minh Nht

SVTH: Mai Thi Th

GVHD: TS. ng Minh Nht

SVTH: Mai Thi Th

SVTH: Mai Thi Th

iu chnh lng nc gia m ln 2. Thi gian m ln 2 nhanh hn ln 1, m

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3.2. Tnh cn bng vt liu trong cng on lm sch

GVHD: TS. ng Minh Nht

SVTH: Mai Thi Th

Tp cht Tp cht Tp cht

Tng lng tp cht tch ra trong mt ngy l:

3.2.2. Sng tp cht ln I

Tng lng tp cht tch ra ti my sng tp cht ln I:

GVHD: TS. ng Minh Nht

SVTH: Mai Thi Th

3.2.4. Sng tp cht ln II

Gi s khi nguyn liu qua sng tp cht ln II lng tp cht nh v tp cht

Tng lng tp cht tch ra ti sng tp cht ln II l:

Lng tp cht si tch ra ti my tch l:

Lng nguyn liu ra khi my tch l:

SVTH: Mai Thi Th

Lng tp cht ngoi lai c tch ra hon ton ti y l: QTCNL = 0,38

QVo MGA1 = (92,112 + 92,017) x

m ban u ca la m W1 = 12%, sau khi gia m ln 1: W2 = 15,5%

m la m vo my gia m ln 2 bng m la m khi ra khi my gia m

Gi s hao ht ti my xt v l 0,5%. Lng tp cht tch ra ti my xt v:

SVTH: Mai Thi Th

QTCMXV = QVo MXV x

Lng nguyn liu ra khi my xt v:

Lng nguyn liu ra khi nam chm III i nghin:

SVTH: Mai Thi Th