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MC LC
LI CM N...............................................................1
DANH MC HNH V BNG BIU...................................5
LI NI U..............................................................6
CHNG I..................................................................8
IU KIN T NHIN, KINH T - X HI V HIN TRNG
................................................................................8
MI TRNG CA HUYN LC BNH.............................8
I. IU KIN T NHIN.........................................................8
1. V tr a l....................................................................8
2. a hnh........................................................................8
3. Kh hu.........................................................................8
II. IU KIN KINH T X HI ..............................................8
1. Dn s..........................................................................8
2. C cu kinh t:..............................................................9
III. HIN TRNG MI TRNG CA HUYN LC BNH........10
1. Nc cp....................................................................10
2. Nc thi....................................................................11
3. Kh thi.......................................................................11
4. Cht thi rn...............................................................12
IV. HNG PHT TRIN TRONG TNG LAI CA HUYN
LC BNH...........................................................................12
CHNG II...............................................................14
GII THIU S LC V QU TRNH HOT NG ........14
CA HTX TIN T ...................................................14
I. QU TRNH HNH THNH V PHT TRIN CA HTX TIN
T ...................................................................................14
1. Nm thnh lp............................................................14
2. Qu trnh pht trin ca Hp tc x Tin t .............14
II. C CU T CHC, S MT BNG CA HP TC X
TIN T ...........................................................................15
1. C cu t chc ca Hp tc x Tin t ....................15
III. NI QUY AN TON LAO NG V VN BN PHP LUT
V QUN L MI TRNG ANG C P DNG TI HP
TC X TIN T...............................................................17
1. Ni quy an ton lao ng ...........................................17
a. Quy nh chung.......................................................17
b. Thi gian lm vic, thi gian ngh ngi....................17
c. An ton lao ng v sinh lao ng ti ni lm vic. .17
2
KT LUN................................................................35
DANH MC TI LIU THAM KHO................................37
LI NI U
Hin nay vn nhim mi trng ang l vn ng lo ngi ca
ton cu. Trong vi nm gn y vi thi k cng nghip ho - hin i ho
ton cu, cc ngnh cng nghip v dch v pht trin nh v bo v vn
nhim mi trng ngy cng gia tng.
Nhiu hi ngh quc t c tin hnh hp bn v hp tc gia cc
quc gia trong vn bo v ti nguyn thin nhin v mi trng sng cho
con ngi v trong rc thi sinh hot ca con ngi c quan tm nhiu
nht v n nh hng trc tip n i sng, sc kho ca con ngi.
nc ta trong my chc nm gn y nh s i mi v chnh sch
ca ng v Nh nc, nn nn kinh t ca nc ta ngy cng pht trin. S
pht trin mnh ca cc ngnh kinh t, ko theo tc th ho dn ti
lng rc pht sinh trong sn xut v trong sinh hot ngy cng gia tng r
rt.
Ngy nay trn khp th gii hin tng ma axit ngy cng nhiu, nhit
tri t ngy cng tng, cng ng dn c ngy cng mc nhiu cn bnh
kh cha.
V vy vic bo v mi trng l vn rt quan trng, khng ch l
mt quc gia, mt khu vc m l trch ca ton nhn loi trong c mi c
nhn chng ta.
Hin nay ang l mt sinh vin ang ngi trn gh nh trng, trong
qu trnh hc tp ti trng chng em tip thu c nhng kin thc c
bn v mn hc nn li thiu kin thc c bn v thc t.
V vy trong qu trnh i thc tp ti phng Ti nguyn v Mi trng
huyn Lc Bnh - tnh Lng Sn, cng vi s hng dn ch o st sao ca
cc cn b phng Ti nguyn v Mi trng huyn v ton th cn b cng
nhn vin trong HTX Tin t huyn Lc Bnh, chng em c tip xc
v lm quen vi nhng cng vic trong qu trnh thu gom, vn chuyn v x
6
CHNG I
IU KIN T NHIN, KINH T - X HI V HIN TRNG
MI TRNG CA HUYN LC BNH
I. IU KIN T NHIN
1. V tr a l
Lc Bnh nm pha ng Nam ca tnh Lng Sn, l mt huyn min
ni vi din tch t nhin l 99,834ha, chim 12.2% din tch ca tnh.
T thnh ph Lng Sn i v huyn Lc Bnh l 24km i theo quc l
4B.
Huyn Lc Bnh tip gip vi cc huyn nh sau:
+ Pha Bc gip vi huyn Cao Lc v nc Trung Quc.
+ Pha ng gip vi huyn nh Lp
+ Pha Ty gip huyn Chi Lng
+ Pha Nam gip huyn Chi Lng v tnh Bc Giang
2. a hnh
Lc bnh l huyn c nhiu i ni cao: Mu Sn 1541m a hnh
nghing v t ng Bc xung Ty Nam chia thnh 3 vng tng i r rt.
- Vng i ni thp
- Vng i ni cao bao quanh huyn.
- Vng thung lng bng
3. Kh hu
Lc Bnh l huyn chu nh hng gi ma ng Nam nhit trung
bnh trong nm khong 15-290, phn bit hai ma r rt: ma ng v ma h
nhn chung kh hu ca huyn Lc Bnh tng i mt m thun li cho cc
cy trng ngn ngy v cc cy n qu.
II. IU KIN KINH T X HI
1. Dn s
a) c im ca ngun nc
L ngun nc t chy, c nhiu l cy mc nt, hin nay cht lng
nc p ng cc tiu chun. Vi lng nc khai thc l 38m 3/gi, y l
lng nc ch cung cp cho ring th trn Lc Bnh, cn cc h gia nh
ngoi th trn ch yu dng nc ging khoan t phc v cho sinh hot gia
nh, nhiu ni cn thiu nc sch sinh hot do thi tit hn hn vo ma
kh, v vy vn nc cp huyn Lc Bnh cn gp rt nhiu kh khn
trong tng lai chnh quyn cn quan tm hn na n nhng vng cn gp
kh khn v ngun nc.
2. Nc thi
Nc thi c th nh ngha l cht lng c thi ra sau qu trnh s
dng ca con ngi v d b thay i tnh cht ban u ca nc. Thng
thng nc ti c phn loi theo ngun gc pht sinh ra chng. cng
chnh l c s cho vic la chn cc bin php hoc cng ngh x l.
Hin nay nc thi ca huyn Lc Bnh ch yu l nc thi sinh hot
thng cha nhiu tp cht khc nhau v c thi trc tip ra mi trng
nh: sng, sui, ao, h, mng v hu nh cha qua khu x l, hu ht
cc nc thi u c nng cc cht c hi vt qu mc cho php khi x
ra ngun tip nhn, bn cnh th c s h tng, h thng thot nc thi li
km cht lng, ngy cng suy gim, yu km cng vi l mng li thot
nc cn thiu hp l trong cc khu vc dn c t gy tc ng tiu cc
n mi trng.
Nhn chung mi trng nc ca huyn Lc Bnh cn b nhim nh,
nhng trong tng lai chnh quyn cc cp cn phi c nhng bin php ngn
chn kp thi i vi cc c s sn xut kinh doanh v cc nh my lm cho
mi trng nc b nhim.
3. Kh thi
11
13
CHNG II
GII THIU S LC V QU TRNH HOT NG
CA HTX TIN T
I. QU TRNH HNH THNH V PHT TRIN CA HTX TIN T
1. Nm thnh lp
Bo v mi trng ngy nay tr thnh mt vn cp bch v trng
yu ca mi quc gia, v n lin quan ti vn sng cn ca nhn loi. Vi
s pht trin khoa hc v cng ngh v cng vi s pht trin v th gii
xung quanh v ng c lm giu mt cch v k, nhiu quc gia, nhiu cng
ty, tp on xuyn quc gia tn ph mi trng - ci ni nui dng h v
con ngi nhn thc c nguy c ny.
ng trc tnh cnh nh vy HTX Tin t ng ra chu trch
nhim lm cng vic thu gom, vn chuyn v x l cht thi rn trong huyn
Lc Bnh, HTX Tin t huyn Lc bnh quyt nh thnh lp vo thng 5
nm 2002, tn gi l HTX Tin t, a ch giao dch 24 khu Bn Kho, th
trn Lc Bnh, tnh Lng Sn.
Hp tc x cp s ng k kinh doanh s: 0010-LB, cp ngy 01 thng
7 nm 2002.
HTX Tin t kinh doanh 4 ngnh ngh chnh:
- Dch v v sinh mi trng
- m cy cung ng cy con lm nghip
- Qun l, bo v, dch v bn bi xe
- Cc dch v thng mi khc.
Hin nay HTX Tin t ang lm ngh chnh l v sinh mi trng,
ngh ph l lm gch ba banh, ng cng.
2. Qu trnh pht trin ca Hp tc x Tin t
c thnh lp nm 2002, Hp tc x Tin t ch yu lm v sinh
trn 3 a bn sau:
14
- Th trn Lc Bnh
- Th trn Na Dng
- Ca khu Chi Ma
S vn iu l ban u l 250 triu ng, nm 2005 Hp tc x Tin
t thu gom, vn chuyn v x l 7.482,4m3 rc thi t cc a bn khc,
hng nm thu ph t 90-95%. V ch Hp tc x Tin t i vi ngi
lao ng quan tm nh cng chc Nh nc.
II. C CU T CHC, S MT BNG CA HP TC X TIN T
1. C cu t chc ca Hp tc x Tin t
Hp tc x Tin t t di s ch o ca U ban nhn dn huyn v
Lin minh Hp tc x tnh Lng Sn.
C cu t chc ca Hp tc x Tin t c: 1 ban qun tr bao gm:
+ 1 ch nhim
+ 1 ph ch nhim
+ 1 u vin ban qun tr
+ 1 kim sot
+ 1 k ton
+ 1 th kho
+ 1 bo v
T chc i gm 3 t chnh:
+ T v sinh th trn Lc Bnh gm 13 x vin c 1 ti Chi Ma.
+ T v sinh mi trng th rn Na Dng gm 6 x vin.
+ 1 T bo v cng 3 li xe, 1 th kho.
Hp tc x c 1 t chc cng on gm 29 on vin, n chim 68,9%.
Ch nhim hp tc x l ngi iu hnh v quyt nh mi hot ng
ca hp tc x.
15
S c cu t chc ca Hp tc x Tin t
Ch nhim
Ph Ch nhim
K ton
Kim sot
T bo v
U vin BQT
Th kho
Cc li xe
T thu gom
T trng
T ph
X vin s lng
tu theo a bn
Hnh 2
S mt bng Hp tc x Tin t
Tng bao quanh
Ni ng ba banh v cng
Cng
Nh kho
Bo
v
Phng lm vic
Hnh 3
16
Hnh vi vi phm
T b vic khng xin php, i lm mun, khng hon thnh nhim
v, khng chp nhn ni quy, quy ch l b mt, gy ra tai nn ngi lao
ng c hnh vi vi phm gy thit hi n ti sn, lm h hng thit b phi
bi thng thit hi.
2. Cc vn bn php lut v qun l mi trng ca hp tc x
Tin t ang p dng
qun l mi trng c hiu qu hn, hin nay t chc mi trng
ca Lin hp quc v nhiu quc gia thng xuyn ban hnh cc quy c
quc t v mi trng, cc quyt nghim cm tc thi v lu di nhn loi
thy rng, vn v mi trng l vn ca ton cu.
thc c tm quan trng ca vn ny nc ta chnh thc gia
cc cng c quc t v mi trng.
Trong vi nm gn y huyn Lc Bnh v ang p dng cc vn
bn php lut nh: Ngh nh 26/N-CP v "x pht hnh chnh trong lnh
vc bo v mi trng".
Hin nay hp tc x Tin t ang p dng vn bn php lut: Ngh
nh 175/N-CP v "hng dn thi hnh lut bo v mi trng" nhm to
cho cng tc qun l mi trng c hiu qu hn.
18
CHNG III
QUY TRNH THU GOM V PHNG PHP X L CHT THI
RN CA HP TC X TIN T
I. NGUN RC PHT SINH, A IM, LNG RC THU GOM V PHNG
PHP THU GOM
Cc qu trnh
sn xut
Cc qu trnh
phi sn xut
Hot ng sng
v ti sinh ca
con ngi
Cc hot
ng qun l
Cc hot ng
giao tip v i
ngoi
Cht thi
Dng lng
Bn ga
cng
Cht lng
du m
Dng kh
Hi c
hi
Hnh 4
19
Dng rn
Cht
TSH
CT cng
nghip
Cc loi
khc
2. a im thu gom
Do ngun rc pht sinh t nhiu a im khc nhau, v vy a im
thu gom cng t nhng ngun pht sinh ra cht thi: ni hp ch, c quan,
cng s, cc h nh dn, l ng.
Hin nay hp tc x Tin t thu gom trn 3 a bn chnh:
+ Th trn Lc Bnh
+ Th trn Na Dng
+ Ca khu Chi ma
Trong c nhiu c quan, cng s, cc h gia nh v c nhiu tuyn
ng.
3. Lng rc thu gom
Nm st vi bin gii Vit - Trung, Lc Bnh l mt huyn min ni
ca tnh Lng Sn, c cu kinh t ch yu l ngnh Nng nghip v dch v
pht trin, dn s tng i ng, vi hai trung tm th trn l ni hp ch
ca cc x t tp v y, cng vi cc khu ch cc, bn hng rong hoa qu. V
vy lng rc sinh ra trong mt ngy m l tng i ln khong 33,4m3,
thu gom v x l t khong 75% tc l khon n 25m3/1 ngy m. Thnh
phn rc rt a dng, s cn li cha do cn mt s ngi dn thiu thc
vt rc ba bi khng ng ni quy nh: vt xung gm cu, cng, bi
cy gy kh khn cho cng tc thu gom rc thi, t lm mt cnh
quan th gy nh hng n sc kho cng ng.
4. Thi gian thu gom
thun tin cho vic thu gom c hiu qu hn, khng gy nh hng
giao thng i li. Hp tc x Tin t ra thi gian thu gom rc thi
nh sau:
+ i vi cc tuyn ng chnh thu gom v qut dn song trc 7h
sng.
+ i vi khu dn c
Bui sng: t 7 gi n 9 gi
20
22
Vn chuyn
(xe ch rc)
Nu khng
c x l
X l cht thi
Thiu t
sinh dc
Cc k thut
mi khc
Tiu hu
ti bi chn lp
Hnh 5
II. CC THIT B S DNG TRONG QU TRNH THU GOM, VN CHUYN
CA HP TC X TIN T
23
Hnh 6
2. Xe t loi nh
L loi xe c 6 bnh, c thng cha c 4,2m3, c th ben c v
vy khi rc rt thun li loi xe ny c chc nng chuyn ch rc t cc
im tp kt rc v bi rc, vn hnh cng n gin.
Khi xe chun b hot ng th ngi li xe phi kim li xe xem c an
ton hay khng, nn thy khng an ton tuyt i khng c em i s
dng, khi xe n im tp kt rc phi st vo l ng trnh gy ch tc
giao thng, khng c ch qu ti s d gy ra tai nn giao thng, khi xe
y rc ngi li xe cho xe chy v bi rc, khi vo bi rc phi quan
st k ri cho xe li vo bi v ko cn xe ben thng ln rc xung bi.
Ngi li xe phi lun lun chp hnh lut l giao thng.
24
M hnh xe t loi nh
Hnh 7
3. Xe cng nng u ngang
Loi xe ny ging nh t loi nh c 4 bnh v c thng cha c
4,2m3 l loi xe rt thng dng dng chuyn tr rc n bi rc, vn
hnh cng n gin c th ben c, hin nay hp tc x Tin t c 2
loi xe ny chuyn dng ch rc t cc bi tp kt rc trn cc a bn
khc nhau v bi rc.
Hin nay hp tc x Tin t c 1 xe t loi nh, 1 xe cng nng u
ngang v 25 xe y ci tin phc v cho cng tc thu gom v vn chuyn rc
thi.
M hnh xe cng nng u ngang
25
Hnh 8
III. PHNG PHP X L CHT THI RN CA HP TC X TIN T
26
CHNG IV
BI CHN LP HP TC X TIN T
I. CU TO, A HNH, A CHT V THU VN XUNG QUANH BI CHN
LP
27
i
cy
i
cy
Rnh thu nc ma
Rnh thu nc ma
i
cy
Phn rc
Phn cha rc
Nc thi
rc
ng
i
H thot nc
Tng chn rc
ng
i
Nc r rc ngm chy
Rung
Sng K Cng
S bi chn lp ca hp tc x Tin t
28
31
CHNG V
HNG PHT TRIN CA HP TC X TIN T TRONG
TNG LAI V XUT KIN
I. HNG PHT TRIN CA HP TC X TIN T
34
KT LUN
Mi trng l tm quan trng c bit i vi i sng con ngi, sinh vt
v s pht trin kinh t, vn ho x hi ca t nc, ca dn tc v nhn loi.
Hin nay vn nhim mi trng l vn rt cp bch, hng ngy
c bao nhiu lng rc thi, kh thi v nc thi ra mi trng m vn cha
c x l ht, do xy ra nhiu thm ho trn tri t, l lt, hn hn,
hiu ng nh knh lm thit hi v ngi v ti sn do nhim mi trng
gy nn. nng cao hiu ng qun l Nh nc v chnh quyn cc cp, cc
c quan Nh nc, cc t chc kinh t, t chc x hi, n v v trang
nhndn v mi c nhn trong vic bo v mi trng nhm bo v sc kho
nhn dn, m bo quyn con ngi c sng trong mi trng lnh mnh,
phc v s nghip pht trin lu bn ca t nc, gp phn bo v mi
trng ton cu.
L mt sinh vin hc ngnh mi trng, em cn ang ngi trn gh nh
trng c thy c vun trng, xy dng cho chng em mt kin thc vng
vng i vo cuc sng, hot ng theo chuyn mn ca mt ngi k thut
vin mi trng trong tng lai. Thy c l nhng ngi thp sng s nghip
cho chng em nhng kin thc trong nh trng song chng em ra thc t
mi thy thit thc v b ch khng nhng cho bn thn m cho c x hi.
Thy c khng ch l nhng ngi v s nghip trng thnh ca chng em,
m thy c cn ng gp khng nh cho t nc.
Vy thy c l nhng ngi chuyn mn, l nhng ngi xy dng nn
nn tng cho chng em to nn thnh cng ln trong cng cuc i mi t
nc, bi yu t mi trng l rt quan trng i vi chng ta, khng ch
quan tm mt khu vc, mt quc gia m n mang tnh ton cu. Bi l mi
trng khng nhng nh hng n nn kinh t ca t nc m cn nh
hng trc tip n i sng con ngi. Khng ai l ngi mun sng trong
mi trng khng trong sch. V th tt c chng ta hy bt tay vo bo v
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