Bui Thi Minh Phuong

TRNG I HC AN GIANG
KHOA NNG NGHIP TI NGUYN THIN NHIN
BI TH MINH PHNG
MSSV: DTP010814
KHO ST QUY TRNH SN XUT HP KHM

R QUT V BC U THIT LP HACCP CHO
QUY TRNH
LUN VN TT NGHIP K S NGNH CNG NGH THC PHM
GIO VIN HNG DN

Ths. Nhan Minh Tr
Ks. o Vn Thanh
Thng 6.2005
TRNG I HC AN GIANG
BI TH MINH PHNG
MSSV: DTP010814

QUY TRNH
LUN VN TT NGHIP K S NGNH CNG NGH THC PHM
GIO VIN HNG DN

Thc s Nhan Minh Tr
K s
Thng 6.2005
o Vn Thanh
TRNG I HC AN GIANG

QUY TRNH
Do sinh vin: BI TH MINH PHNG thc hin v np

Knh trnh hi ng chm lun vn tt nghip xt duyt
Long xuyn, ngy ......thng .......nm 200...

GIO VIN HNG DN
Ths. Nhan Minh Tr
Ks.
Thng 6.2005
o Vn Thanh
TRNG I HC AN GIANG
Hi ng chm lun vn tt nghip chp nhn lun vn nh km vi tn ti:
KHO ST QUY TRNH SN XUT HP KHM R QUT

V BC U THIT LP HACCP CHO QUY TRNH
Do sinh vin: BI TH MINH PHNG

Thc hin v bo v trc Hi ng ngy....................................................................
Lun vn c hi ng nh gi mc.................................................................
kin ca Hi ng.....................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
Long xuyn, ngy ......thng .....nm 200...
DUYT
BAN CH NHIM KHOA NN-TNTN
Ch Tch Hi ng
(k tn)
TIU S C NHN
H v tn: Bi Th Minh Phng

Ngy thng nm sinh: 12/02/1982
Ni sinh: M Long Long Xuyn An Giang
Con ng: Bi Thanh Tng
V B:
V Th Hip
a ch: 290/6 L Thi T - M Long Long Xuyn An Giang

tt nghip ph thng: nm 2000
Vo trng i Hc An Giang nm 2001 hc lp H2TP1 kho 2 thuc khoa
Nng Nghip Ti Nguyn Thin Nhin v tt nghip k s ngnh Cng
Ngh Thc Phm nm 2005
LI CM T
Qua thi gian thc hin lun vn tt nghip, di s hng dn ging dy
tn tm ca tt c thy c, cng vi lng nhit tnh gip ca cn b v nhn
vin nh my, bn cnh l s ng vin, gip su sc t gia nh, v cng
vi n lc ca bn thn gip ti hon thnh lun vn ny. Li cm t ny ch l
mt thng ip ngn nhng ti xin chn thnh gi n tt c cha, m, thy, c, anh
ch c ch cn b nh my Rau qu ng lnh Bnh Khnh.
Xin chn thnh cm n tt c cc thy c trong B Mn Cng Ngh Thc
Phm- Khoa Nng Nghip Ti Nguyn Thin Nhin - trng i Hc An Giang
truyn t kin thc kinh nghim.. cho ti trong thi gian qua
Xin chn thnh cm n ban lnh o nh my Rau qu ng lnh Bnh
Khnh, ch Trng Ch Ho (gim c nh my), ch Phm Th B Ngoan (trng
phng QA) cng cc anh ch phng QA.... to iu kin, tn tnh gip ti
trong thi gian thc tp ti nh my.
Xin mi ghi nh cng n cha m sinh thnh v nui dng con khn
ln.
V c bit l li cm t su sc ti xin c gi n thy Nhan Minh Tr
v thy o Vn Thanh ht lng dn dt tng bc trong tin trnh thc hin
lun vn ny
Cui cng ti xin knh chc sc kho n tt c mi ngi v xin mi ghi
nh tm lng ca mi ngi.
Sinh vin Bi Th Minh Phng
TM TT
Trc nhu cu m rng th trng tiu th, to c nim tin t khch hng
v c bit l nng cao cht lng thc phm, m bo v sinh an ton thc phm
cho ngi tiu dng. c s chp nhn ca Ban Gim c nh my Rau qu
ng lnh Bnh Khnh v khoa Cng Ngh Thc Phm trng i Hc An Giang,
chng ti tin hnh thc hin ti: KHO ST QUY TRNH SN XUT
HP KHM R QUT V BC U THIT LP HACCP CHO
QUY TRNH
Mc ch thc hin ti
Thc hin lun vn ny gip kho st quy trnh sn xut thc t hp
khm r qut. Thng qua thit lp thnh cng HACCP cho quy trnh sn xut
hp khm r qut nhm kim sot c cc mi nguy c th xy ra cho sn
phm khm r qut, gip cht lng sn phm hp khm r qut c nng cao
Chng ti tin hnh cc cng vic v t nhng kt qu nh sau:
Tm hiu v nh my, nh gi thc trng nh xng, thit b ch bin v
ngun nhn lc ti nh my. T kt qu nh gi, chng ti ra nhng kha cnh
cn c khc phc nh: xy dng h thng x l nc thi, n nh i ng cng
nhn s ch
Nghin cu sn phm Khm r qut (Pineapple Tidbits), kho st thc t
quy trnh ch bin t bc tip nhn nguyn liu
t li, gt v
khoanh
Ct nh hnh
nhit s b
lau du
Ngm
Ghp np
Bo n
Cht u, cung
Ngm
Sa qu, gp mt
Nhng Chlorine
Ct
Ra
Rt nc ng
Gia
V lon
Thanh trng
Dn nhn, ng gi
Lm ngui
ng date,
Vn chuyn, phn phi.
Xy dng hai chng trnh tin quyt GMP v SSOP

- GMP: xy dng 20 GMP ng vi 20 cng on ca quy trnh sn xut
ii
- SSOP: xy dng 9 SSOP v cc lnh vc nh: an ton ngun nc, cc

b mt tip xc vi sn phm, ngn nga s nhim cho, v sinh c nhn, bo v
sn phm khng b nhim bn, s dng v bo qun ho cht, sc kho cng nhn,
kim sot ng vt gy hi, kim sot cht thi.
Xy dng HACCP da theo nguyn tc (t 1 n 5) ca h thng HACCP
nhm gii quyt mi nguy vi sinh, vt l, ho hc
+ a ra mt s im trong vic thnh lp i HACCP: chng ti a ra
nhng vic cn lm khi thnh lp i, xc nh yu cu, nhim v ca i HACCP
cho nh my
+ M t sn phm, xc nh mc ch s dng. Xc nh dy chuyn sn
xut thm nh trn thc t.
+ Tin hnh phn tch mi nguy vi sinh, ho hc, vt l xc nh bin
php phng nga. Kt qu kim tra cho sn phm Khm r qut (Pineapple
Tidbits) l: mi nguy vi sinh kim tra Escherichia coli, Clostridium Botulinum, Vi
khun k kh; mi nguy vt l l mt Khm
+ S dng cy quyt nh xc nh cc CCP i vi tng mi nguy
trong qu trnh sn xut. Kt qu mi nguy vi sinh c CCP ti cng on thanh
trng, i tng kim sot l thi gian v nhit thanh trng; mi nguy vt l c
CCP ti cng on sa qu, gp mt, i tng kim sot l gim st v kim tra
trong qu trnh lm vic ca cng nhn
+ Xy dng hnh ng sa cha khi gii hn ti hn b vi phm. Khoanh
vng l hng b nhim vi sinh, tin hnh phn tch mc nhim vi sinh vt v ti
ch nu c th. Ly mt cn st ra khi bn thnh phm, nhc nh cng nhn
thuc t ny
Do thi gian thc tp c hn, v th cc th tc thm nh, cc h thng ti
liu lu gi v mt s biu mu ghi chp s c nh my tip tc xy dng
iii
Mc lc
Ni dung
Trang
CM T............................................................................................................i
TM LC.....................................................................................................ii
MC LC.......................................................................................................iv
DANH SCH BNG.................................................................................... vii
DANH SCH HNH.......................................................................................ix
Chng 1
M u........................................................................................1
1.1 t vn .................................................................................................1
1.2 Mc tiu nghin cu................................................................................. 2
Chng 2
Lc kho ti liu.......................................................................3
2.1 Gii thiu HACCP....................................................................................3

2.1.1 HACCP l g?.......................................................................................... 3
2.1.2 Li ch ca HACCP.................................................................................4
2.1.3 nh ngha v thut ng.......................................................................... 4
2.1.4 S lc v th tc v t chc thc hin chng trnh HACCP.............. 6
2.2 Nhng iu kin tin quyt cho vic p dng HACCP ti
x nghip ch bin thc phm...................................................................5
2.2.1 Nh xng............................................................................................... 7
2.2.2 Dng c, thit b ch bin........................................................................8
2.2.3 Yu cu v ngun nhn lc................................................................... 10
2.3
Mi quan h gia HACCP, GMP, SSOP.............................................. 10
2.3.1 Quy phm sn xut (GMP)....................................................................10

2.3.2 Quy phm v sinh (SSOP).....................................................................11
2.3.3 H thng HACCP.................................................................................. 12
2.3.4 Nhng quy nh thit lp h thng h s ca HACCP..........................22
2.4
Gii thiu v khm v k thut sn xut hp................................... 23

iv
2.4.1 Ngun gc............................................................................................. 23

2.4.2 Cc sn phm v cng dng ca Khm.................................................23
2.4.3 Sn phm hp Khm r qut............................................................ 24
2.5
K thut hp..................................................................................... 24
2.5.1 Cc vt liu ch to hp st.............................................................. 24

2.5.1.1 Bao b st............................................................................................ 24
2.5.1.2. Vecni..................................................................................................25
2.5.1.3 Lp m..............................................................................................25
2.5.1.4 Hp kim hn....................................................................................... 26
2.5.2 Cu to hp st...................................................................................... 26
2.5.3 Thanh trng hp............................................................................... 28
2.5.3.1 Cc h vi sinh vt trong hp.......................................................... 28
2.5.3.2 Ch thanh trng v cng thc thanh trng.................................... 28
2.5.3.3 Cch thit lp ch thanh trng....................................................... 30
Chng 3 Vt liu v phng php nghin cu...........................................32
3.1 Thi gian v a im tin hnh ti................................................... 32
3.2 Phng php...........................................................................................32
Chng 4 Kt qu v tho lun..................................................................... 34
4.1 Gii thiu nh my rau qu ng lnh Bnh Khnh............................... 34
4.1.1 Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin............................................................ 34
4.1.2 Chc nng hot ng ca nh my........................................................35
4.1.3 S mt bng v s t chc ca nh my......................................36
4.1.3.1 S mt bng................................................................................... 36
4.1.3.1 S t chc...................................................................................... 38
4.2 Kt qu kho st thc trng nh my..................................................... 39
4.2.1 Thun li................................................................................................39
4.2.1.1 Nh xng.......................................................................................... 39
4.2.1.2 Dng c, thit b ch bin...................................................................40
4.2.1.3 Yu cu v ngun nhn lc................................................................ 42
v
4.2.2 Kh khn............................................................................................... 42
4.2.2.1 Nh xng.......................................................................................... 42
4.2.2.2 Dng c, thit b ch bin...................................................................43
4.2.2.3 Yu cu v ngun nhn lc................................................................ 43
4.3 Quy trnh sn xut Khm r qut........................................................... 44
4.4 Cc GMP c xy dng cho quy trnh sn xut Khm r qut............48
4.4.1 GMP-01: Tip nhn v bo qun nguyn liu.......................................48
4.4.2 GMP-02: Cht, u cung.....................................................................50
4.4.3 GMP-03: Ngm Chlorine ln 1............................................................. 51
4.4.4 GMP-04: t li, gt v........................................................................52
4.4.5 GMP-05: Ngm Chlorine ln 2............................................................. 53
4.4.6 GMP-06: Sa qu, gp mt................................................................... 54
4.4.7 GMP-07: Nhng Chlorine..................................................................... 55
4.4.8 GMP-08: Ct khoanh.............................................................................56
4.4.9 GMP-09: Ct nh hnh......................................................................... 57
4.4.10 GMP-10: Ra...................................................................................... 58
4.4.11 GMP-11: V lon.................................................................................. 58
4.4.12 GMP-12: Rt nc ng...................................................................59
4.4.13 GMP-13: Gia nhit s b.....................................................................61
4.4.14 GMP-14: Ghp np..............................................................................62
4.4.15 GMP-15: Thanh trng h.................................................................... 63
4.4.16 GMP-16: Lm ngui............................................................................64
4.4.17 GMP-17: ng date, lau du...............................................................65
4.4.18 GMP-18: Bo n..................................................................................67
4.4.19 GMP-19: Dn nhn, ng gi............................................................. 67
4.4.20 GMP-20: Vn chuyn v phn phi................................................... 69
4.5 Cc SSOP xy dng...........................................................................69
4.5.1 SSOP-01: An ton ngun nc............................................................. 69
4.5.2 SSOP-02: Cc b mt tip xc sn phm.............................................. 71
vi
4.5.3 SSOP-03: Ngn nga s nhim cho.................................................... 74

4.5.4 SSOP-04: V sinh c nhn.................................................................... 75
4.5.5 SSOP-05: Bo b sn phm khng b nhim bn..................................78
4.5.6 SSOP-06: S dng v bo qun ha cht.............................................. 80
4.5.7 SSOP-07: Sc khe cng nhn..............................................................82
4.5.8 SSOP-08: Kim sat ng vt gy hi.................................................. 83
4.5.9 SSOP-09: Kim sat cht thi............................................................... 84
4.6 HACCP cho quy trnh sn xut khm r qut........................................ 85
4.6.1 Mt s im cn lu trong vic thnh lp i HACCP......................85
4.6.2 M t sn phm..................................................................................... 86
4.6.3 S dy chuyn sn xut.................................................................... 88
4.6.4 Thm nh thc t quy trnh sn xut.................................................... 88
4.6.5 Phn tch v lit k mi nguy................................................................ 88
4.6.6 Xc nh CCP........................................................................................ 99
4.6.7 Ngng ti hn cho mi CCP............................................................. 102
4.6.8 H thng gim st i vi CCP........................................................... 102
4.6.9 Bin php khc phc........................................................................... 103
Chng 5 Kt lun v ngh.....................................................................105
TI LIU THAM KHO............................................................................ 106
PH CHNG...........................................................................................pc-1
Ph chng 1 c tnh cc loi vi sinh vt lit k..................................... pc-1
Ph chng 2 Danh mc ho cht s dng................................................. pc-3
Ph chng 3 Cc biu mu GMP.............................................................. pc-4
Ph chng 4 Cc biu mu SSOP ............................................................ pc-5
Ph chng 5 Bng qui nh tn sut lm v sinh...................................... pc-6
vii
DANH SCH BNG

Bng
s
Ta bng
Trang
Ni dung ca GMP........................................................................ 11
Ni dung ca SSOP....................................................................... 12
M t sn phm............................................................................. 87
Bng lit k mi nguy....................................................................90
Bng xc nh cc CCP............................................................... 100
Bng tng kt HACCP xy dng............................................104
viii
DANH SCH HNH

Hnh
s
Ta hnh
Trang
S cc bc thc hin v nguyn tc ca h thng HACCP..... 13
S cy quyt nh....................................................................... 16
Nh my rau qu ng lnh Bnh Khnh.........................................34
Mt s sn phm rau qu do nh my sn xut............................... 35
S nh my................................................................................. 37
S t chc................................................................................... 38
S ch bin Khm r qut...........................................................44
Tip nhn nguyn liu..................................................................... 49
Cht u cung................................................................................ 50
10
Ngm Chlorine ln 1.......................................................................51
11
t li, gt v................................................................................. 52
12
Ngm Chlorine ln 2......................................................................53
13
Sa qu, gp mt............................................................................54
14
Nhng Chlorine............................................................................. 55
15
Ct khoanh..................................................................................... 56
16
Ct nh hnh..................................................................................57
17
V lon............................................................................................ 59
18
Rt nc ng............................................................................. 60
19
Gia nhit s b...............................................................................61
20
Ghp np........................................................................................ 62
21
Thanh trng....................................................................................63
22
Lm ngui...................................................................................... 65
23
ng date, lau du......................................................................... 66
24
ng thng.................................................................................... 68
ix
CHNG 1: M U
1.1 t vn
Ngy nay, mi ngi khng ch c nhu cu n no, m cn c nhu cu n
sch, v v sinh an ton thc phm l mt trong nhng vn bc xc i vi
ngi tiu dng, ng trn gc nh sn xut th y khng ch l vn trch
nhim m cn l vn o c trong kinh doanh. Do nhng nhu cu trn, i
hi cc nh sn xut thc phm phi tm ra mt h thng hu hiu to c
tin cy v an ton thc phm c ba i tng: nh nc, doanh nghip v
ngi tiu dng l vn ang c ch trng trong cng nghip ch bin.
HACCP l gii php ti u c p dng ph bin cc nc pht trin nhm
m bo v sinh an ton thc phm cng nh p ng c yu cu khc khe
ca khch hng
Vic p dng HACCP vo lnh vc ch bin thc phm s rt hu ch cho
vn m bo an ton thc phm v HACCP l mt h thng phn tch mi
nguy, xc nh im kim sot trng yu, bo m ri ro nm trong gii hn cho
php. Nu HACCP c thc hin tt s gip cho nh sn xut nng cao cht
lng thnh phm, to c uy tn khch hng, m rng th trng trong nc
v ngoi nc...ng thi gim s h hng, tng li nhun, gip Qun l cht
lng (Quality Management) tt hn v m bo cht lng (Quality
Assurance)
Trc nhu cu th trng tiu th cng m rng v to c nim tin
cho khch hng v c bit l nng cao cht lng sn phm, m bo v sinh an
ton thc phm cho ngi tiu dng. Vi mc ch trn v c s chp nhn
ca Ban gim c nh my Rau qu ng lnh Bnh Khnh, chng ti tin hnh
thc hin ti: KHO ST QUY TRNH SN XUT HP KHM
R QUT V BC U THIT LP HACCP CHO QUY TRNH
hp khm r qut l mt dng hp qu nc ng hay compot l

loi hp ch bin t cc loi qu nguyn hay ct ming, qua x l, xp vo
bao b, rt nc ng, ghp np v thanh trng. C th dng n ngay hay
ch bin vi cc loi thc phm khc. (Nguyn Vn Tip, 2000)
HACCP l h thng phn tch mi nguy v xc nh im kim sot trng
yu trong sn xut v s dng thc phm m bo rng thc phm l an ton
khi tiu dng.(Nguyn Hu Dng, 1999)
1.2 Mc tiu nghin cu

Thc hin lun vn ny gip kho st quy trnh sn xut thc t hp
khm r qut. Thng qua thit lp thnh cng HACCP cho quy trnh sn xut
hp khm r qut nhm kim sot c cc mi nguy c th xy ra cho sn
phm khm r qut, gip cht lng sn phm hp khm r qut c nng
cao
Ni dung thc hin
- nh gi thc trng nh my theo yu cu ca iu kin tin quyt.
- Kho st thc t quy trnh ch bin khm r qut
- Xy dng hai chng trnh tin quyt GMP v SSOP.
- Xy dng HACCP tin hnh trong phm vi sau:
+ a ra mt s im trong vic thnh lp i HACCP.
+ M t sn phm, xc nh mc ch s dng. Xc nh dy chuyn sn
xut thm nh trn thc t.
+ Tin hnh phn tch mi nguy vi sinh, ho hc, vt l xc nh bin
php phng nga
+ Xc nh cc CCP. Thit lp gii hn cho mi CCP.
+ Xy dng hnh ng sa cha khi gii hn ti hn b vi phm
CHNG 2 LC KHO TI LIU

2.1. Gii thiu v HACCP
2.1.1. HACCP l g?
HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) l h thng phn tch
mi nguy v xc nh im kim sot trng yu trong sn xut v s dng thc
phm m bo rng thc phm l an ton khi tiu dng. Ngoi vic nhn bit
nhng mi nguy him c th xy ra trong qu trnh sn xut, h thng ny cn
gip ra cc bin php kim sot phng nga cc mi nguy .
HACCP l h thng phng nga kim sot mi nguy, khng phi i
ph. Cc nh ch bin thc phm c th dng n m bo an ton thc phm
cung cp cho ngi tiu dng. m bo an ton thc phm, h thng HACCP
c thit lp nhm xc nh mi nguy, thit lp kim sot v gim st vic kim
sot .
Cng ty Pillsbury bt u p dng khi nim HACCP i vi sn xut
thc phm cung cp cho chng trnh v tr M t u nhng nm 1960. Cng
ty Pillsbury cho rng k thut kim tra cht lng m h ang p dng khng
m bo vic chng gy nhim cho sn phm trong sn xut thc phm v thy
rng phi kim nghim qu nhiu thnh phm ti mc ch cn li rt t thc
phm c th cung cp cho cc chuyn bay vo v tr.
Pillsbury kt lun: ch c cch xy dng h thng phng nga, khng cho
cc mi nguy xy ra trong qu trnh sn xut mi m bo c an ton thc
phm. T h thng Pillsbury c cng nhn trn ton th gii nh bin php
ti tn kim sot an ton thc phm. N khng phi l h thng hon ton
khng c ri ro, song n c thit k gim thiu ri ro ca cc mi nguy i
vi an ton thc phm.
V sao phi p dng HACCP?
- L yu cu ca cc nc nhp khu v cc t chc quc t
- Rt hiu qu khi kim sot cc mi nguy mang tnh hu c gn lin vi
thc phm
3
- Rt hiu qu khi kim sot cc mi nguy ngoi an ton thc phm

- C th p dng cho mi nhu cu kim sot cht lng
- C hiu qu v kinh t.
2.1.2. Li ch ca HACCP
- p ng yu cu v qun l cht lng ca cc nc nhp khu
- Gip nh sn xut phn ng kp thi hn vi cc vn trong sn xut
lin quan n an ton cht lng sn phm
- Tng cng nim tin ca ngi tiu th
- L cng c ti u kim sot an ton sn phm, tit kim chi ph cho
x hi
- Chi ph thp, hiu qu cao (bi chi ph phng nga bao gi cng thp
hn chi ph sa cha)
2.1.3. nh ngha v thut ng (Theo Nguyn Hu Dng, Kim Cng,
Hunh L Tm, c Hnh)
- HACCP: Phn tch Mi nguy v Kim sot im ti hn.
- Chng trnh HACCP: l h thng cc bin php m c s p dng
nhm m bo an ton thc phm v cht lng sn phm, c xy dng trn
quan im phn tch v kim sot mi nguy trc khi chng xy ra, bao gm c
cc th tc t thm tra v hiu chnh chng trnh.
- K hoch HACCP: l ti liu c xy dng theo cc nguyn tc ca
HACCP, nhm kim sot cc mi nguy ng k i vi an ton thc phm trong
ton b dy chuyn ch bin thc phm.
- H thng HACCP: kt qu ca vic thc hin k hoch HACCP.
- i HACCP: Nhm cn b c trch nhim xy dng k hoch
HACCP.
- Mi nguy: yu t sinh hc, ha hc, vt l c th lm cho thc phm
mt an ton khi s dng.
- Mi nguy ng k: l mi nguy c nhiu kh nng xy ra, gy hu qu
nghim trng cho sc kho ca ngi tiu dng.
4
- Phn tch mi nguy: l qu trnh thu thp, nh gi thng tin v cc

mi nguy v iu kin dn n s xut hin cc mi nguy , nhm xc nh
mi nguy ng k i vi an ton thc phm cn c kim sot trong k hoch
HACCP.
- Gim st: Tin hnh quan st hoc o m theo trnh t nh nhm
nh gi CCP c c kim sot hay khng v ghi li t liu chnh xc dng
thm tra sau ny.
- Gim st lin tc: vic lin tc thu thp v ghi s liu ln s .
- Cc chng trnh tin quyt: cc quy phm, bao gm c cc Quy
phm sn xut (GMP), cc Qui phm v sinh (SSOP) nhm vo cc iu kin
hot ng to ra nn tng cho h thng HACCP.
- Bin php phng nga: cc yu t vt l, ho hc hoc cc yu t
khc c th dng kim sot mi nguy an ton xc nh
- Kim sot: (ng t): qun l cc iu kin ca mt hot ng lun
tun th cc tiu chun thit lp. (danh t) Trng thi tun theo cc th tc
chun xc v t c cc tiu chun.
- im kim sot: tt c cc im, cng on hoc qu trnh ti c
th kim sot c cc yu t sinh hc, vt l hoc ho hc.
- im kim sot ti hn (CCP): im cng on hoc qu trnh ti
c th tin hnh kim sot v c th ngn nga loi b hoc gim thiu n mc
chp nhn c mi nguy v an ton thc phm
- Gii hn ti hn: tiu ch cn phi t i vi mi bin php phng
nga p dng cho mi im kim sot ti hn
- Gii hn thc t: cc tiu ch nghim ngt hn gii hn ti hn c
ngi sn xut p dng nhm gim ri ro vi phm
- Vi phm: vic vt qu gii hn ti hn.
- Cy quyt nh CCP: chui cc cu hi c sp t theo trnh t
dng xc nh mt im kim sot c phi l im kim sot ti hn hay
khng
5
- Hnh ng sa cha: cc th tc c thc hin khi gii hn ti hn

b vi phm ti im kim sot ti hn
- Ri ro: c lng kh nng hin thc xy ra mi nguy
- Tnh nghim trng: mc nguy hi ca mi nguy (nu khng kim
sot tt)
- Ph chun: mt phn ca hot ng thm tra, bao gm vic thu thp
v nh gi thng tin xc nh xem, nu c thc hin tt, k hoch HACCP
c kim sot hu hiu cc mi nguy ng k v an ton thc phm hay khng.
- Thm tra HACCP: l vic p dng cc phng php, th tc, php
th v cc cch nh gi khc nhm xem xt tnh hp l ca k hoch HACCP
v xc nh s tun th theo k hoch HACCP trong thc t sn xut.
- Th tc gim st CCP: vic quan st, o m hoc cc php phn tch
c h thng nhm m bo cho quy trnh, th tc ti mi im kim sot ti hn
(CCP) c thc hin y theo k hoch HACCP.
- Yu cu tin quyt i vi HACCP: l cc yu cu v c s vt cht,
quy phm sn xut v quy phm v sinh cn thit m bo nhng iu kin c
bn cho chng trnh HACCP hot ng c hiu qu.
- Quy phm sn xut (GMP-Good Manufacturing Practice): l nhng
bin php, thao tc thc hnh cn phi tun th, nhm kim sot mi yu t nh
hng ti qu trnh hnh thnh cht lng sn phm
- Quy phm v sinh ( SSOP-Sanitation Standard Operating Proceduce):
l quy trnh lm v sinh v th tc kim sot v sinh ti c s.
2.1.4. S lc v th tc v t chc thc hin chng trnh HACCP
Theo tiu chun ngnh thu sn do s Khoa hc Cng ngh bin son v
ngh, chng trnh HACCP bao gm nhng ni dung sau:
- Cc thng tin c bn v c s
- Chnh sch cht lng ca c s
- i HACCP
- M t sn phm
6
- S quy trnh cng ngh ch bin sn phm

- Quy phm sn xut (GMP)
- Quy phm v sinh (SSOP)
- K hoch HACCP
- Th tc truy sut v thu hi sn phm
- o to HACCP ti c s
- Kim sot thit b gim st
2.2. Nhng iu kin tin quyt cho vic p dng HACCP ti x

nghip ch bin thc phm
p dng v xy dng HACCP x nghip ch bin cn phi tun th:
- iu kin tin quyt c t ra cho:
+ Nh xng
+ Dng c, thit b
+ Con ngi
- Chng trnh tin quyt
+ Quy phm sn xut GMP ( Good Manufacturing Practices)
+ Quy phm v sinh SSOP ( Sanitation Operating Procedures)
Theo p dng ISO 9000-HACCP-GMP trong ngnh thu sn - thc
phm - thc ung nhng yu cu tin quyt c t ra c th nh sau
2.2.1. Nh xng
a im v mi trng xung quanh
- Khng b nhim
- Khng b ngp lt
- C ngun nc, ngun in m bo
- Thun tin giao thng
Yu cu v thit k, b tr nh xng
- C tng ngn cch bao quanh
- C kch thc ph hp
- Dy chuyn sn xut i theo mt chiu
7
- Thun tin lm v sinh v kh trng

- Khng to ni n no cho ng vt gy hi
- Ngn cch gia khu vc sn xut thc phm vi cc khu vc khc
Yu cu v kt cu nh xng
- Kt cu vng chc, d lm v sinh v kh trng
- Vt liu s dng trong phn xng
+ Thch hp cho tng loi sn phm
+ An ton v sinh, khng gy c hi
+ Bn, d bo tr, lm v sinh v kh trng
+ Kt cu chnh: nn, thot nc, trn, tng, ca, thng gi, chiu
sng.
2.2.2. Dng c, thit b ch bin
H thng cung cp nc v nc
- Nc:
+ Ngun nc n nh, p lc, khng b nhim.
+ Cht lng nc t yu cu (nu cn phi x l).
+ C h thng b cha cng sut v m bo v sinh
+ C h thng ng ng m bo an ton v sinh
- Nc
+ Lm t nc sch
+ Thit b sn xut, bo qun, vn chuyn m bo an ton v sinh.
H thng cung cp hi nc
- S dng nc sch
- Kt cu khng gy nhim cho sn phm
- An ton cho s dng
H thng cung cp kh nn
- Khng c v gy nhim cho sn phm
- An ton cho s dng.
Yu cu h thng x l nc thi
8
- C h thng x l nc thi v hot ng tt, khng gy nhim mi

trng xung quanh v phn xng sn xut
- C dng c thu gom ph liu. Ni tp trung ph liu phi kn, hp v
sinh
Yu cu v thit b v dng c gim st cht lng
- C cc dng c, phng tin gim st v kim tra nhanh trong sn
xut nh: cn, giy th, nhit k, my o pH, my o Brix ....
- C phng kim nghim phc v cho cng tc kim sot cht lng: c
phng th nghim, phng cm quan. C th kt hp vi cc phng th nghim
bn ngoi phn tch ho hc, vi sinh
Yu cu v phng tin v sinh v kh trng
- Phng tin ra v kh trng tay:
+ Lp t cc v tr cn thit
+ Vi nc khng vn hnh bng tay
+ nc sch , x phng, dng c lm kh tay
- Bn nc st ng
- Phng thay bo h lao ng
+ V tr thch hp.
+ din tch.
+ Kt cu hp v sinh
- Nh v sinh:
+ V tr thch hp, s lng, kt cu hp v sinh
+ Cung cp nc, giy v sinh, thng cha cht thi m bng
chn
Yu cu v dng c lm v sinh v kh trng

- Trang b y phng tin lm v sinh v kh trng bng vt liu
khng g v d lm v sinh.
- C ring cho tng i tng (b mt tip xc hay khng tip xc trc

tip vi sn phm).
- Ph hp vi tng loi sn phm v c khu vc ring ra dng c.
- C ch ring cha cc dng c lm v sinh v kh trng.
2.2.3. Yu cu v ngun nhn lc
- Lnh o x nghip quan tm n cng tc m bo cht lng v c
kin thc v qun l cht lng.
- i ng qun l cht lng: c s lng, c trnh v c o
to
- Cng nhn: c s lng v c o to.
2.3. Mi quan h gia HACCP, GMP, SSOP

HACCP l h thng phng nga v kim sot cc mi nguy lin quan
n thc phm ngay t khi tip nhn nguyn liu, qua qu trnh ch bin, ti
phn phi cho ngi tiu dng m bo an ton thc phm. Nhng HACCP
khng phi l h thng ng mt mnh, phi xy dng HACCP da trn cc
chng trnh an ton thc phm nh: Quy phm sn xut GMP v Quy phm
v sinh SSOP th mi c th hot ng c
2.3.1. Quy phm sn xut (GMP)
GMP c xy dng cho tng sn phm hoc nhm sn phm tng t,
bao gm cc GMP ca tng cng on hoc mt phn cng on sn xut trong
quy trnh cng ngh ch bin sn phm. Hnh thc v ni dung mi GMP c
trnh by nh sau:
Bng 1: Ni dung ca GMP
10
Logo cng ty
Ngy ban hnh_ thng _ nm_

GMP s:
Ln ban hnh
(tn ca GMP)
1. Quy trnh: m t r yu cu k thut quy trnh ch bin ti cng on hoc mt
phn cng on sn xut .
2. Gii thch l do: gii thch l do thc hin cc yu cu hoc quy trnh k thut
nu
3. Cc th tc cn tun th: m t chnh xc cc thao tc, th tc phi tun th tai
cng on hoc mt phn cng on nhm m bo t c yu cu cht lng, m
bo an ton v sinh cho sn phm, ph hp v k thut v kh thi.
4. Phn cng trch nhim v biu mu gim st
4.1. Trch nhim: phn cng c th vic thc hin v gim st vic thc hin GMP.
4.2. Biu mu gim st: c s phi xy dng cc biu mu gim st vic thc hin
GMP tng t trong qui nh thit lp h s ca HACCP
4.3. Lu tr h s: c k hoch thm tra hiu qu thc hin cc GMP bng cch nh
k ly mu kim tra cc ch tiu cht lng v an ton v sinh. Kt qu kim tra
phi c lu tr trong h s.
Ngy ph duyt:__/__/__
Ngi ph duyt
( Theo 28 TCN 129:1998)

2.3.2. Quy phm v sinh (SSOP: Sanitation Standard Operating Proceduce)
SSOP c thit lp kim sot cc lnh vc sau y:
- Cht lng nc dng trong sn xut
- V sinh cc b mt tip xc vi sn phm
- V sinh ngn nga s nhim cho
- V sinh c nhn
- Bo v sn phm khng b nhim bn
- Vic s dng v bo qun ho cht
- Sc kho cng nhn
- Kim sot ng vt gy hi
- Kim sot cht thi
11
Hnh thc v ni dung SSOP c trnh by nh sau:

Bng 2: Ni dung ca SSOP
( Tn cng ty )
a ch:
S in thoi:
Fax:
QUY PHM V SINH CHUN - SSOP s
Logo cng ty
SSOP
( Tn SSOP)
1. Yu cu: nu r cc qui nh ca Vit Nam hoc quc t lin quan v chnh sch
m bo an ton v sinh ca c s
2. iu kin hin nay: m t iu kin c th ca c s lm c s xy dng cc
th tc v bin php.
3. Cc th tc cn thc hin: m t chi tit cc th tc v thao tc phi thc hin
t yu cu qui nh, ph hp vi iu kin c th ca c s v kh thi
4. Phn cng trch nhim v gim st
4.1. Trch nhim: c s phi thit lp cc k hoch kim sot km theo mi SSOP
thnh phn, phn cng c th vic thc hin v gim st vic thc hin SSOP
4.2. Biu mu gim st: c s phi xy dng c th cc biu mu gim st vic thc
hin SSOP tng t trong qui nh thit lp h thng h s ca HACCP
4.3. Lu tr h s: c s phi c k hoach thm tra hiu qu ca vic thc hin SSOP
bng cch nh k ly mu kim tra cc ch tiu v sinh cng nghip. Kt qu thm
tra phi c lu tr trong h s
Ngy ph duyt:__/__/__
Ngi ph duyt
12
( Theo 28 TCN 129:1998)

2.3.3. H thng HACCP
Theo Tng Cc tiu chun o Lng Cht Lng TPHCM (1999). H
thng HACCP bao gm 7 nguyn tc c bn c p dng thng qua 12 bc
thc hin c trnh by theo s sau
Bc
1
Nguyn tc
Thnh lp nhm cng tc
M t sn phm
Xc nh mc ch s dng
Xc nh s dy chuyn sn xut
Nguyn tc 1
Thm nh thc t s dy chuyn sn xut
Lit k cc mi nguy tim n, phn tch

mi nguy v ra bin php phng nga
Xc nh cc im CCP
Nguyn tc 2
Thit lp cc ngng ti hn cho tng CCP
Nguyn tc 3
Thit lp h thng gim st cho tng CCP
Nguyn tc 4
10
Thit lp cc hot ng khc phc
Nguyn tc 5
11
Thit lp cc th tc thm nh
Nguyn tc 6
12
Xy dng h thng ti liu v h thng lu gi

biu mu ghi chp
Nguyn tc 7
13
Hnh 1: S cc bc thc hin v nguyn tc ca h thng HACCP
Ni dung ca tng nguyn tc

Nguyn tc th nht: phn tch mi nguy v tm bin php phng nga
Chun b s dy chuyn sn xut bao gm cc bc iu tra trong

quy trnh. Xc nh v lp danh sch cc mi nguy, v tin hnh phn tch ri ro
v tnh nghim trng ca mi mi nguy xc nh mc ng k ca mi
nguy i vi an ton thc phm, t ch ra nhng bin php kim sot cc mi
nguy .
- Mi nguy c coi l ng k cn c kim sot nu n:
+ Nhiu kh nng xy ra
+ Nhiu kh nng gy ri ro khng chp nhn c cho ngi tiu
dng
- Bin php phng nga l cc hnh ng v cc hot ng c th dng
ngn chn, loi b hoc gim thiu cc mi nguy an ton thc phm n mc
chp nhn c.
Phng php tm mi nguy trong qu trnh ch bin

Danh mc cc mi nguy sau y c th tr gip cho vic tm mi nguy
tim n ng k
Cc mi nguy sinh hc
- Cc sinh vt gy bnh (nh vi khun, vi rt)
- K sinh trng
Cc mi nguy ho hc
- Cc c t t nhin
- Cc ho cht
- Cc thuc tr su
14
- D lng thuc th y
- Cc ph gia thc phm v cht nhum mu khng c chp
thun
- Phn hu (ch lin quan n an ton thc phm nh histamine)
Cc mi nguy vt l
- Kim loi, thu tinh
Nguyn tc th hai: Xc nh cc im CCP
Xc nh nhng im trng yu trong quy trnh sn xut bng cch s

dng cy quyt nh. Mi mt bc trong qu trnh c xc nh trong s
quy trnh sn xut phi c xem xt theo th t. Ti mi bc, cy quyt nh
phi c p dng cho tt c cc nguy hi c th xy ra v cc bin php kim
sot a ra.
S dng cy quyt nh xc nh cc CCP, thit lp ngng ti hn v
ngng vn hnh cho CCP xc nh.
15
1. Ti cng on ny hoc cc cng on sau c bin php phng nga no i vi mi

nguy c xc nh hay khng?
Thay i cng on ch bin
hoc sn phm
C
Khng
2. Cng on ny c loi tr
m bo an ton c cn kim sot cng
hoc gim thiu kh nng xy
on ny khng?
ra mi nguy ng k ti mc
chp nhn c hay khng?
C
Khng
3. C th xy ra nhim mi nguy c xc nh vt
mc cho php hoc chng c th tng ti mc khng
chp nhn c khng?
C
Khng
4. Cng on tip theo c loi tr c mi

nguy, hoc gim thiu kh nng xy ra
ti mc chp nhn c hay khng?
Khng
im kim sot ti hn
Dng li khng phi im

kim sot ti hn
Hnh 2: S cy quyt nh
16
Khng
Nguyn tc th ba: Thit lp cc ngng ti hn cho tng CCP.
- Thit lp mc t ra trong mc tiu v mc sai bit c th chp

nhn c phi p ng m bo cho cc im kim sot quan trng nm
trong vng kim sot c. Mc chp nhn c l mc sai s cho php c
th. Cc tiu chun c dng l cc thng s v nhit , thi gian, m, hot
tnh ca nc, chlorine hot ng v cc ch tiu cm quan.
- Thng thng c nhiu phng n kim sot mt mi nguy c th v
phi thit lp cc gii hn ti hn khc nhau cho tng phng n kim sot. Vic
la chn phng n kim sot tt nht v gii hn ti hn tt nht thng thng
qua thc tin v thc nghim.
Nguyn tc th t: Thit lp h thng gim st cho tng CCP
- Thit lp mt h thng theo di, gim st m bo kim sot cc im

kim sot quan trng bng cc th tc xt nghim hoc xem xt nh k lin tc
bng cc thit b t ng.
- S dng cc th tc gim st xc nh tc dng ca cc bin php
phng nga v s vi phm cc gii hn ti hn. Cc th tc gim st phi xc
nh:
Gim st ci g?. Thng thng l o m c hoc nh gi CCP c
hot ng trong phm vi gii hn ti hn khng?
Gim st cc gii hn ti hn v cc bin php phng nga nh th
no?. Thng l cc php o vt l v ho hc (i vi cc gii hn ti hn nh
lng) hoc quan st (i vi cc gii hn ti hn nh tnh). Cn phi kp thi
v chnh xc.
Tn sut tin hnh gim st. C th lin tc hay nh k
Ai s gim st?. Mt ngi c o to thc hin mt hot ng
gim st c th.
Nguyn tc th nm: Thit lp cc hot ng khc phc
- Cc hot ng khc phc phi c tin hnh khi s theo di cho thy
mt CCP no b mt kim sot.
17
- Cc cch thc hin hnh ng sa cha bao gm

+ ring v gi sn phm li nh gi an ton thc phm
+ Chuyn sn phm hoc nguyn liu b nh hng ti dy chuyn
sn xut khc, ni khng vi phm gii hn ti hn.
+ Ch bin li
+ Loi b nguyn liu
+ Tiu hu sn phm
- Cc hnh ng sa cha hu hiu cn phi
+ Sa v loi b nguyn nhn gy vi phm v m bo CCP c
kim sot tr li
+ Phn tch, nh gi v xc nh phng n x l sn phm khng
t yu cu
+ Ghi li tt c cc hnh ng sa cha tin hnh. H s lu tr
s gip cng ty xc nh vn xy ra, nh c th sa i k hoch HACCP
cho ph hp. Hn na h s hnh ng sa cha l bng chng chng t sn
phm h hng b thi loi
Nguyn tc th su: Thit lp cc th tc thm nh
- Thit lp cc th tc kim tra bao gm cc th tc v th nghim

b sung xc nhn h thng HACCP ang hot ng c hiu qu.
- Cc hot ng thm tra i vi CCP
+ Hiu chun
+ Xem xt h s hiu chun
+ Ly mu v th nghim
+ Xem xt h s theo di CCP
Nguyn tc th by: Xy dng h thng ti liu lu tr biu mu ghi
chp.
- Thnh lp h thng ti liu lin quan n th tc v cc biu
mu ghi chp kt qu ph hp cho vic p dng cc nguyn tc trn.
- Bn loi h s cn lu tr nh mt phn ca h thng HACCP:
18
- K hoch HACCP v ti liu h tr xy dng k hoch.

- H s v gim st CCP
- H s v hnh ng sa cha.
- H s v cc hot ng thm tra
Cc bc p dng HACCP
- Bc 1: Thnh lp nhm HACCP
C s sn xut thc phm phi m bo chuyn gia c kin thc kinh
nghim c th v sn phm thc hin k hoch HACCP c hiu qu. Tt nht
l thnh lp mt nhm gm cc chuyn gia thuc cc chuyn nghnh khc nhau.
Trng hp c s khng c chuyn gia kinh nghim c th mi chuyn gia t
ni khc.
Phi xc nh phm vi ca k hoch HACCP. Phm vi bao gm cng
on ca dy chuyn sn xut v loi mi nguy c xc nh tng ng (khng
bao gm tt c cc mi nguy).
- Bc 2: M t sn phm
M t chi tit ton b sn phm k c thng tin v thnh phn, cu trc
l ho, bao gi, bn, cc iu kin bo qun v phng thc phn phi
- Bc 3: Xc nh mc ch s dng
Xc nh mc ch s dng da trn cch s dng d kin ca ngi s
dng trc tip.
- Bc 4: Xy dng s dy chuyn sn xut
i HACCP phi xy dng s dy chuyn sn xut bao trm tt c
cc cng on ca qu trnh sn xut. Khi p dng HACCP cho hot ng no
phi xem xt cc bc trc v sau .
- Bc 5: Thm nh thc t s dy chuyn sn xut
Nhm HACCP s thm nh hot ng sn xut trn thc t so vi s
dy chuyn sn xut trong tt c cc cng on v sa i li s .
- Bc 6: Lit k cc mi nguy tim n, phn tch mi nguy tm ra
bin php phng nga.
19
Tin hnh phn tch mi nguy v nghin cu cc bin php kim sot
cc mi nguy c xc nh.
Nhm HACCP phi lit k tt c cc mi nguy c nhiu kh nng xy ra
mi cng on t khu s ch nguyn liu, ch bin, ch to, phn phi n
cc im tiu th cui cng.
Tip theo nhm HACCP phi tin hnh phn tch xc nh mi nguy
cho k hoch HACCP. y l cc mi nguy cn phi loi tr hoc hn ch
m bo an ton thc phm.
Sau nhm HACCP phi xem xt cc bin php kim sot hin c,
xem bin php no c th p dng cho mi mi nguy.
- Bc 7: Xc nh cc im CCP
Mt mi nguy c th cn mt hoc nhiu CCP. C th dng s cy
quyt nh CCP mt cch linh hot xc nh cc CCP
Nu c mt mi nguy c nhn bit ti mt cng on cn c kim
sot m bo an ton thc phm m ti cng on ny hin khng c bin
php phng nga no th cn b sung bin php phng nga ngay ti cng on
, hoc trc hoc sau cng on .
- Bc 8: Thit lp ngng ti hn cho mi im CCP
Xc nh cc mc ti hn cho mi im kim sot quan trng. Trong
nhiu trng hp mt cng on c th c nhiu mc ti hn. Cc tiu chun
c dng thng thng gm cc thng s nhit , thi gian, m, pH,
Chlorine v cc ch tiu cm quan nh hnh thi, cu trc.
- Bc 9: Thit lp h thng gim st cho tng CCP
Gim st bao gm vic o t, quan st nh k cc thng s ti CCP
so snh chng vi cc mc ti hn qui nh.
Cc th tc gim st gip pht hin c s mt kim sot ti CCP v
cung cp thng tin kp thi hiu chnh qu trnh hay tin hnh sa cha, trnh
s vi phm mc ti hn. Khi kt qu theo di cho thy c nguy c mt kim sot
ti mt CCP, s hiu chnh phi c tin hnh trc khi c s sai li xy ra.
20
Ti mi CCP, th tc gim st phi quy nh r cc yu t sau y:

- i tng gim st (gim st ci g?)
- Phng php gim st (gim st bng cch no?)
- Tn sut gim st (gim st khi no?)
- Ngi c trch nhim gim st (ai gim st?)
Kt qu theo di phi c nh gi bi ngi c kh nng v thm
quyn thc hin hnh ng khc phc. Nu s theo di khng lin tc th s
lng v tn s theo di phi m bo CCP c kim sot.
Hu ht cc th tc theo di tng CCP phi c tin hnh mt cch
nhanh chng v n lin quan n qu trnh ang sn xut v khng th ch kt
qu th nghim lu. Cc php o l ho i khi t ra thch hp hn l th
nghim vi sinh v chng c th thc hin nhanh v i khi cng th hin cht
lng vi sinh ca sn phm.
Tt c cc biu mu ghi chp v ti liu lin quan n vic theo di cc
CCP phi c ch k ca ngi thc hin v c ngi c trch nhim xem xt,
k tn.
- Bc 10: Thit lp cc hot ng khc phc
Phi xy dng cc hnh ng khc phc cho mi CCP trong h thng
HACCP x l cc sai li khi chng xy ra.
Cc hnh ng ny bao gm c vic x l thch hp cc sn phm b nh
hng bi s sai li. Nhng sai li v cch x l sn phm lin quan phi c
ghi chp.
- Bc 11: Thit lp cc th tc thm nh
Thit lp cc th tc thm nh c th dng phng php nh gi, cc
php th bao gm c vic ly mu v phn tch theo xc sut xc nh xem h
thng HACCP hot ng c hiu qu khng.
Cc v d v cc hot ng xc nhn bao gm: xem xt h thng HACCP
v cc biu mu ghi chp ca n, xem xt cc sai li v cch x l sn phm, xc
nh l cc CCP ang c kim sot.
21
Nu c th, vic ph chun nn bao gm cc hot ng xc nhn tnh hiu

qu ca tt c cc iu trong k hoch HACCP.
- Bc 12: Xy dng h thng ti liu v lu gi biu mu ghi chp
Vic p dng h thng HACCP cn c h thng lu gi cc biu mu
ghi chp mt cch c hiu qu v chnh xc. Cc th tc HACCP phi c ghi
thnh vn bn. Vn bn v biu mu ghi chp phi ph hp vi bn cht v quy
m ca qu trnh sn xut.
2.3.4 Nhng quy nh thit lp h thng h s ca HACCP
1. C s phi c vn bn qui nh chi tit h thng h s, biu mu theo
di vic thc hin k hoch HACCP v duy tr lin tc kim tra cc loi h s
lin quan ti h thng HACCP
2. Cc biu mu ghi chp s liu lin quan ti h thng HACCP phi r
rng, ngn gn, thch hp vi thc t c s, c ngi c thm quyn xem xt
v ph duyt trc khi a vo s dng hoc mi khi c thay i.
3. Tt c cc h s ghi chp ca c s, ngoi cc ni dung k thut cn
ghi chp theo mu, t nht phi bao gm y cc thng tin c bn sau:
- Tn v a ch ca c s
- Ngy thng nm, thi im tin hnh ghi chp v ch k ca
ngi ghi chp
- Kt qu gim st.
- Ngy thng nm thm tra v ch k ca ngi thm tra h s.
- Tn hoc k hiu ca sn phm, ca l hng c lin quan.
4. C s phi phn cng cn b theo di v ghi chp h s ngay ti hin
trng vi tn sut ng qui nh theo biu mu chun b sn. H s ghi
kt qu gim st phi c gi gn cn thn, khng ty xa, sa cha v thay
i.
5. C s phi lu tr h s trong thi gian ph hp vi thi hn s dng
ca tng loi sn phm, tun th qui nh ca php lut hoc nhng cam kt vi
khch hng.
22
6. C s c php lu tr mt s loi h s trong my tnh. Trong

trng hp phi c th tc qui nh ni dung lu tr, qui trnh thao tc, x l
s liu, lu tr d liu, bo mt, ngi c trch nhim v cc chi tit lin quan
khc chng c vic sa i, xo hoc mt d liu.
7. C s phi c vn bn phn cng trch nhim ca cn b xem xt v
thm tra h s ghi chp cc mc thi gian: hng ngy, hng tun, hng thng,
xem tng th k hoch nh k. (Theo 28 TCN 129:1998)
2.4 Gii thiu v khm (pineapple)

Theo Nguyn Vn Tip, Quch nh, Hunh Th Dung, Nguyn Th
Kim Hoa, Trn c Ba. Khm c gii thiu
2.4.1 Ngun gc
Khm l loi c sn trng vng nhit i, tuy ng hng th 10 v
cht lng hng v, nhng Khm cng c mnh danh l vua hoa qu .
Khm c chia thnh 3 loi: Hong Hu, Cayenne, Ty Ban Nha v c khong
60-70 ging. Tuy loi ngi pht hin c ngun gc ca Khm Chu M
La Tinh t nm 1942 trong cuc thm him tm ra Tn Th Gii ca Christophe
Comlomb. Nhng mi n na th k th 20, sn xut Khm mi pht trin v
nghnh kinh doanh Khm mi thc s c v tr trn th trng rau qu quc t.
Ngy nay, qu Khm khng nhng l Hong v c gi tr dinh
dng cao, hng thm, v ngt, mu sc p m cn l kin tng trong lnh
vc men tiu ho protid v cn l v cu tinh trong lnh vc y hc iu tr bnh
ung th, ni tng...
2.4.2 Cc sn phm v cng dng ca Khm
Trong qu Khm c lng ng cao trung bnh 11,6g; protein 0,7g;
lipit 0,3g; canxi 17mg; photpho 12mg; vitamin A 35g; B1 0,06 mg v vitamin C
22mg/100g Khm ti. c bit trong Khm c men bromelin, gip tiu ho
protein, nn ngi ta thng dng Khm trn vi cc mn khai v. Khm dng
23
n sng, xo nu, lm hp, gn y qu Khm cn l nguyn liu chit

bromelin dng trong nhiu ngnh cng nghip, lm thuc cha bnh.
2.4.3 Sn phm hp khm r qut
hp khm r qut l mt dng hp qu nc ng hay compot l
loi hp ch bin t cc loi qu nguyn hay ct ming, qua x l, xp vo
bao b, rt nc ng, ghp np v thanh trng. Do qu trnh ch bin nhanh,
nguyn liu khng b gia nhit nhiu nn sn phm gi c hng v v mu
sc t nhin ca nguyn liu. ng cho vo sn phm di dng nc ng,
khng c tc dng bo qun m mc ch ch yu l tng thm v ngon v gi tr
dinh dng cho hp.
2.5 K thut hp
2.5.1 Cc vt liu ch to hp st
2.5.1.1 Bao b st
St trng: st trng hay st ty l thp l mng c m thit c hai mt.
L thp c dt mng bng hai phng php: dt nng v dt ngui. Thp dt
nng v dt ngui. Thp dt nng c dy khng ng u v c nhiu khuyt
im trn mt, thng dng lm bao b gin tip. Thp dt ngui c n hi
tt hn, dy nhiu hn, phng hn, nn thng dng lm bao b hp.
- Cc thnh phn khc nh sau:
+ Cacbon khng qu:
0,17%
+ Magie khng qu:
0,50%
+ Silic khng qu:
0,03%
+ Lu Hunh khng qu:
0,05%
+ Photpho khng qu:
0,09%
Thit c m theo 2 phng php trng nng hay m in. St trng

nng c lp thic dy 4m mt mt c th sn hoc khng sn vecni, mai. St
m in c lp thit mng hn (0,6-0,7 m) nn thng c mng vecni hoc
mai bo v.
24
2.5.1.2. Vecni: (i vi mt s loi hp phi s dng vecni chng chua hay

chng m trnh hin tng n mn bao b st).
Vecni l mt loi sn tng hp, i t cc hp cht cao phn t. Cc

loi vecni thc phm, phi c nhng tnh cht sau:
- Khng c cht c, khng gy mi v, mu sc cho hp.
- Khng c tc dng ho hc i vi sn phm
- C tc dng chng n mn tt
- C bm cao, bn c hc tt
- Chu c p sut v nhit cao.
- To thnh lp mng khi sn.
- Tin gia cng, dung mi bay hi nhanh, nhit sy khng cao
lm.
- R.
C hai phng php to thnh mng vecni: phng php phun v

phng php in. Theo phng php phun, em vecni pha long vi
dung mi ri phun vo v hp. Phng php ny tn vecni. Hin nay
ngi ta dng phng php in l ch yu: in ln tm st trc khi
lm v hp.
2.5.1.3 Lp m
cho mi ghp hon ton kn ngi ta phi dng lp m hay vng
m. Lp m to thnh bng cch phun mt loi bt c cao su ho tan vo
vnh np cc loi bt st trn ri sy kh. Vi cc loi hp st khc v hp thu
tinh dng vng m cao su.
Cc lp m khng c cha hp cht ch, asen, thu ngn v cc hp
cht Bari ho tan trong axit. nht ca bt cao su nc amoniac l 2-3 pht
(nht k Svetlp), ca bt cao su xng l 2-3 giy ( nht k Tam gic ). Bt
cao su phi ng nht, khng vn cc, c mu sng. Phun bt cao su ln vnh
np ri sy kh trong 18-20 pht, nhit nng dn ln 700C. m ca lp
m khng qu 2%. C 1 cm ng knh ca hp, cn phun mt lng bt cao
25
su l 1-1,2 mg. Lp m phi chu c ch thanh trng 121 0C trong 2 gi.

Nu bo qun nhit 20-250C, m 80-85%, lp m s gi nguyn tnh
cht ban u trong mt nm.
Vng m cao su lm t cao su t nhin, khng lu ho, c tit din ch
nht khong 1mm2. Vng m cao su phi n hi, ko dn c 40% chiu di
ban u, chu c un nng 1210C trong 30 pht, khi lm ngui trong khng
kh th khng bin dng tit din, khng dn, khng gy mi v l khi un nng
30 pht trong dung dch acid, ng, mui ..., khng ho tan trong du m.
2.5.1.4. Hp kim hn
hn thn hp dng thic hn gm 40% thic v 60% ch, vi yu cu
tp cht ca ch trong c acsen khng qu 0,5%, ca thic khng qu 1,55%.
Thic hn ch to nh sau: un chy thic trong cho gang (trn bp la hay bp
in), khi trn mt thit nng chy c lp vng (tc l thic oxit) th cho ch dn
dn vo, khuy cho tan ht v ho u, ri khun.
Nc hn: cho thic hn bm cht vo v hp st, phi ty sch du,
m v tp cht bng nc hn. Nc hn phi t yu cu:
- Hon ton tan vt cht bo v oxit kim loi, m bo mt hng sch s.
- Khng c tc dng n mn mnh kim loi
- Khng to vt trn mt v hp
- Khng c v b vt hn
- Khng c cht c nh hng n hp
- Nu cn ng li trn v hp th d ra bng nc nng
2.5.2. Cu to hp st
C hai phng php gia cng hp st: phng php ghp v phng
php dp
- Phng php ghp: thn hp c cun li, ri hn, sau ghp vi
y hp
- Phng php dp: thn v y hp lin, lm t mt ming st.
26
Hin nay hp ghp c dng nhiu hn v p, c hai m ( mt m gia

thn vi y hp, mt m gia thn vi np) nn gi c nhn hiu, lp m v
mng sn khng b tc ng nhiu nn nguyn vn hn, c th gia cng c
mi c vi chiu cao thn hp khc nhau v tit kim st hn hp dp.
Cc kch thc ca hp trn tnh theo cc cng thc sau:
- ng knh ngoi D
D= K1 + 2= (d + 2) 0,05 mm
d: ng knh trong
K1: ng knh ca p u trn ca my ghp np
: Chiu dy ca m hp
- Chiu dy ca m hp
= 3(s1 +2s2 + 0,16) 0,12 mm
s1: chiu dy l st lm np hp
s2 : chiu dy l st lm thn hp
0,16: chiu dy trung bnh ca lp m cao su
0,12: sai s chiu dy l st
- ng knh trong d
d: = 0,995 K2, mm
K2: ng knh ngoi ca my dp hp
- Chiu cao ngoi H
H = R-a mm
= h+2c+2s1 mm
h: chiu cao trong ca hp
R: chiu cao ca khun dp hp (hp dp) hay chiu rng ca
ming st ct lm thn hp.
a: chiu cao ca m hp, thng a= 3,2mm
c : chiu su ca np hp, thng c=3,2mm
- Chiu cao trong h:
27
h= R - [a+2c+2s1 ] mm
= R - 2s1 9,6 mm
- Th tch hp V:
V=
d2. h
= 0,7854d2h = 0,7854d2(R - 2s1 9,6)
4
2.5.3 Thanh trng hp
2.5.3.1 Cc h vi sinh vt trong hp
Cc h vi sinh vt tn ti trong hp nguy him nht l cc vi khun,
sau mi n cc nm mc v nm men.
- Vi khun loi va hiu kh, va k kh
- Nm mc t thy trong hp.
- Nm men: ch yu l Saccharomyces ellipsoides c khp trong thin
nhin
2.5.3.2 Ch thanh trng v cng thc thanh trng
Qu trnh thanh trng bng nhit thng c tin hnh nh sau: a
hp vo thit b thanh trng, nng nhit ca hp, gi ng hp v thit b
thanh trng t nhit bnh thng ln n nhit quy nh ri gi nhit y
trong mt thi gian nht nh, sau h nhit xung 40-500 C v ly hp ra
khi thit b.
Cng thc thanh trng:
aABC
p
0
t
A: Thi gian nng nhit, tnh bng pht
B: Thi gian gi nhit, tnh bng pht
C: Thi gian h nhit, tnh bng pht
t0 : nhit thanh trng, tnh bng 0C
a: thi gian x kh trong thit b thanh trng kn bng hi nc, nu thanh
trng bng nc th a=0
28
p: p sut i khng, tnh bng atm, c to ra trnh hp khi b bin

dng
Chn nhit thanh trng

Cn c vo ch s acid, ngi ta chia hp lm 3 nhm:
Nhm khng chua c pH trn 6 v nhm t chua c pH = 4,5-6: Hai
nhm ny bao gm cc loi hp tht, c, trng, sa, rau - tht, nm, mt s

hp rau. Vi sinh vt sng trong mi trng ny chu c tc dng ca nhit
cao u thuc loi vi sinh vt a nng. Do phi thanh trng nhit trn
1000C
Nhm chua c pH di 4,5 th vi khun a nng khng nhng khng
pht trin c m tnh chu nhit ca n cn gim i, nn b tiu dit d dng
khi nng nhit. Nhit thanh trng ch cn 1000C hay di 1000C.
Chn thi gian thanh trng

Thi gian thanh trng ca hp T bao gm thi gian truyn nhit T1
t mi trng un nng (nc nng, hi nc) vo trung tm hp v thi gian T2

tiu dit vi sinh vt nhit
T = T1 + T2
Cc yu t nh hng n thi gian tiu dit vi sinh vt
Nhit thanh trng t
cng cao th thi gian tiu dit T2 cng ngn,
ngc li nu nhit thanh trng cng thp th thi gian thanh trng
cng di
Thnh phn ho hc ca hp
Nng ion H+ hay ch s pH ca hp l yu t quan trng lm

gim bn nhit ca vi sinh vt. Ch s pH cng thp th thi gian tiu
dit cng ngn.
Fitonxit: cc fitonxit c tc dng rt ngn thi gian tiu dit
29
ng , mui : nng ca ng, mui trong hp lm tng

chu nhit ca vi sinh vt n mc nht nh. Khi nng cao,
th li c tc dng tiu dit vi sinh vt nhanh hn.
Cht bo cng lm tng bn nhit ca vi sinh vt
Loi v s lng vi sinh vt. Kh nng chu nhit ca tng loi vi sinh
vt rt khc nhau. Trong cng nhit mi trng, cng nhit
thanh trng, vi khun c nha bo bn hn loi khng c nha bo, v bn
hn c l loi vi khun a nhit. Thi gian tiu dit vi sinh vt cn ph
thuc vo s lng vi sinh vt b nhim vo hp, lng vi sinh vt
nhim nhiu th thi gian tiu dit cng di.
Cc yu t nh hng n thi gian truyn nhit vo gia hp
Tnh cht vt l ca sn phm. hp c nht v khi lng ring

khc nhau nn tc truyn nhit khc nhau.
Tnh cht ca bao b
Tnh cht vt l ca vt liu bao b v chiu dy ca thnh bao b, kch thc

hnh hc ca bao b.
Nhit ban u ca hp. Nu un nng hp trc khi thanh

trng th rt ngn c khong 18% thi gian truyn nhit.
Trng thi chuyn ng ca hp khi thanh trng. Khi thanh trng nu

hp c chuyn ng s to ra i lu nhn to th s truyn nhit
s tng ln, nht l i vi hp lng.
p sut i khng: trong qu trnh thanh trng, s gin n ca hi

nc, khng kh v sn phm trong hp ghp kn to ra p sut
kh ln bn trong hp.
2.5.3.3. Cch thit lp ch thanh trng
Cc giai on tin hnh tun t nh sau:

- Phn tch thnh phn ho hc ca thc phm cn ng hp, ch yu l
acid, ch s pH, hm lng ng, mui, cht bo, protid ..
30
- Chn nhit thanh trng thch hp cn c vo ch s pH

- Xc nh tc truyn nhit vo trung tm hp theo nhit thanh
trng chn bng nhit k cc i hay cp nhit in.
- Phn lp vi sinh vt xc nh loi vi sinh vt nguy him nht bao
gm loi gy bnh, loi c c t, loi chu nhit... v tm tc tiu dit. Lp
thi gian thanh trng
- Kim tra ch thanh trng
- T cc mu hp thanh trng theo cc ch khc nhau, ngi ta
kim tra cht lng hp v cm quan v v vi sinh vt.
31
CHNG 3: VT LIU V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU

3.1 Thi gian v a im tin hnh ti
Thi gian: t thng 3/2005 n thng 5/2005
a im: ti Nh My Rau Qu ng Lnh Bnh Khnh thuc Cng Ty
Dch V K Thut Nng Nghip An Giang Antesco (Tp. Long Xuyn, tnh An
Giang)
3.2 Phng php

- nh gi thc trng nh my: tm hiu v kho st nh xng, thit b
ch bin, ngun nhn lc ti nh my da trn cc yu cu ca iu kin tin
quyt trong vic xy dng HACCP. T a ra nhng thun li v kh khn
hin c nh my
- Kho st thc t quy trnh ch bin, da vo cc biu hng dn sn
xut ca nh my, t m t li
- Xy dng GMP v SSOP
Xy dng GMP
- M t tng cng on bng cch kho st thc t quy trnh ch bin
- Gii thch l do thc hin cng on
- Da vo biu hng dn sn xut, cc qui nh cho vic sn xut sn
phm ny ca nh my, chng ti ra cc thao tc cn tun th.
Xy dng SSOP: tham kho cc qui nh v sinh trong tiu chun
ngnh ca thu sn, qui nh v sinh ang p dng trong nh my, chng
ti tin hnh:
- Nu yu cu ca tng quy phm
- Xem xt iu kin v sinh hin ti ca nh my
- ra cc thao tc cn thc hin cho tng SSOP
Xy dng HACCP
32
- i HACCP: chng ti a ra mt s im lu khi thnh lp i

HACCP, xc nh yu cu, nhim v ca i HACCP cho nh my.
- M t sn phm, xc nh mc ch s dng ca sn phm ny. Xc
nh dy chuyn sn xut Khm r qut, thm nh trn thc t bng cch kho
st quy trnh sn xut ti nh my
- Da vo tiu chun vi sinh m nh my qui nh, kt qu kim tra vi
sinh cho sn phm Khm r qut v c tnh ca tng i tng vi sinh c lit
k, chng ti tin hnh phn tch mi nguy vi sinh xc nh bin php phng
nga.
- Da vo tiu chun thu mua, v ho cht s dng trong nh my,
chng ti tin hnh phn tch mi nguy ho hc v xc nh bin php phng
nga
- Da vo nguyn l hot ng ca thit b sn xut, iu kin mi
trng sn xut, chng ti tin hnh phn tch mi nguy vt l v xc nh bin
php phng nga
- Xc nh cc CCP bng cch s dng cy quyt nh CCP. Da trn
c im mi nguy xc nh v thng s sn xut, chng ti thit lp ngng
ti hn v ngng vn hnh cho CCP xc nh
- Gim st CCP bng cch theo di pht hin s sai lch ti CCP v tu
mc vi phm m ra hnh ng sa cha.
33
CHNG 4: KT QU V THO LUN

4.1 Gii thiu v nh my rau qu ng lnh Bnh Khnh
4.1.1. Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin
- a ch: Phan Bi Chu, Phng Bnh c, Tp Long Xuyn, Tnh An
Giang
- in thoi: 076.854211. Fax: 854516
- Nh my rau qu ng lnh Bnh Khnh trc thuc cng ty Dch V
K Thut Nng Nghip An Giang c tn giao dch l ANTESCO (The An
Giang Agricultural Technology Service Company).
Hnh 3: Nh my rau qu ng lnh Bnh Khnh

Nh my c xy dng t nm 1994 di s hp tc k thut v quy
trnh cng ngh ca i Loan. Trong nhng ngy u thnh lp sn phm ch
yu ca nh my l mt hng rau qu cp ng IQF (ch bin cc loi rau qu
bng phng php ng nhanh trn bng chuyn)
T nhng sn phm cp ng ban u nhm a dng sn phm nh my
sn xut thm nhng dng sn phm khc nh: da mui chua, bp ng hp,
34
nm rm ng hp, tri cy ng hp, khm ng hp...cung cp cho th

trng trong nc, cng nh p ng theo n t hng ca nc ngoi. Trong
, mt hng Khm r qut l mt trong nhng sn phm ang pht trin v
c nhiu ngi bit n.
Trong xu th hi nhp v tng cng kh nng cnh tranh vi cc
nc trong khu vc, mt trong nhng mc tiu quan trng hng u ca nh
my l vic qun l an ton v sinh thc phm v ci tin lin tc cc quy trnh
cng ngh nng cao cht lng sn phm ca nh my sn xut.
4.1.2. Chc nng hot ng ca nh my
- ng lnh, ch bin mt s loi rau qu xut khu.
- Gia cng, s ch bn thnh phm rau qu cho cc n v t hng.
- Cung cp ging, bao tiu cc loi nguyn liu nng sn.
Hnh 4: Mt s sn phm rau qu do nh my sn xut

4.1.3 S mt bng v s t chc ca nh my
4.1.3.1 S mt bng
35
S mt bng hin th cch b tr ti cc khu vc sn xut, cch sp

xp cc phng ban, ng di chuyn ca sn phm trong nh my. Nh my chia
lm hai khu vc ln:
- Khu tip nhn, s ch nguyn liu
- Khu ch bin, lnh ng
Cu trc trong nh my thit k thun li cho hot ng sn xut
36
37
4.1.3.2 S t chc
C cu t chc b my qun l ti nh my n gin v cht ch, gip
d dng nm bt c cch thc qun l, hot ng v b tr cng vic trong
nh my.
Gim c nh my
Ph gim c k thut
Ph gim c sn xut
Phng qun l
cht lng (QA)
T vn hnh thit b
T tip nhn, x l nguyn liu
(Nhn vin QA)
(22 ngi)
T sa cha bo tr
T s ch
(6 ngi)
(178 ngi)
T vn chuyn
T sn xut, ng gi
(47 ngi)
Vn phng
T k ton ti v
T lao ng tin lng

Bo v
Cung ng v d tr
Nh n
vt liu thay th
Hnh 6: S t chc nh my
38
4.2 Kt qu kho st thc trng nh my

4.2.1 Thun li
4.2.1.1 Nh Xng
a. a im nh my v mi trng xung quanh (Hnh 5: S nh my)
- Nh my ta lc ti v tr cnh b sng, mt mt gip sng, khng kh
thong mt. Nh my khng gn bnh vin, khu ng dn c.
- Nh mt nn cao, nn trng xi mng sch s, h thng thot nc
khng tt nghn nn nh my khng b ngp lt quanh nm, ngay c trong ma
l.
- Ngun nc s dng c cung cp t ging khoang su, qua b phn
x l, m bo an ton v sinh khi s dng.
- Ngun in ca thnh ph v ti nh my c my pht in d phng
- Do v tr nh my nm a im trn bn di thuyn nn giao
thng thun li v ng thu ln ng b.
b. Yu cu thit k b tr nh xng
- Xy dng tng cao 3m bao xung quanh, ngn cch nh xng vi bn
ngoi, cc ca thng gi c li chn hn ch c cn trng bay vo phn
xng sn xut. Chn tng c nghing trnh ng nc.
- Mt bng nh my rng ri, b tr khu vc sn xut hp l, theo mt
chiu.
- Kho cha ho cht, ph liu, nh v sinh nm tch bit ni sn xut.
( Hnh 5: S nh my)
- Xung quanh khu vc sn xut rng thong, khng c cy ci hn ch
cn trng, su b n tr.
c. Yu cu v kt cu nh xng
- c xy dng vng chc, kim tra v chnh tu hng nm
- Nn bng phng khng cn tr lu thng, bn trong khu sn xut lt
gch hoa sch s
- H thng thot nc hot ng tt, khng chy ngc ng li
39
- Vch tng, mi nh: c xy dng chc chn, kim tra hng nm v

sa cha khi c h hng.
- Ca ra vo ngn cch trong khu sn xut sch s, kht kn hn ch cn
trng. Ca vo phn xng c php ra v vo phn xng, ca ra ch c
php ra khng c php vo (Hnh 5: S nh my). Nu c nhn no vi
phm s b ct bnh bu thng.
- Vt liu c dng lm dng c ch bin u bng inox, cc dng c
bng nha c nh k thay mi khi c du hiu bn xung cp
- Vt liu s dng trong nh my u c lm t nha (r, thau,
thng...), inox (bn ch bin, my ct nh hnh, ...) d lm v sinh, thch hp i
vi tng khu sn xut (kp gp mt, my ct nh hnh..), bn, d bo tr. Dng
c c v sinh sch s v xp gn gng trn k sau ca sn xut.
- Thng gi: khu vc sn xut thng thong.
- Chiu sng: cc khu vc trong nh my lun c chiu sng khi hot
ng sn xut.
4.2.1.2. Dng c, thit b ch bin
- H thng cung cp nc: c bm ln t ging qua x l ri mi
a vo sn xut. H thng cha nc cng sut, p lc lm v sinh.
- H thng cung cp hi nc: s dng nc sch ly t ging qua
h thng lc nc cng v kh trng. ng ng dn hi kn, khng r r. An
ton cho sn phm v khi s dng. Tch bit khu cp hi v khu sn xut
- Yu cu h thng x l nc thi, cht thi: do nn cao, h thng
ng thot nc ln (ng knh 2 tc), c li chn rc ti ca vo ca cng nn
khng c hin tng ng nc ngay c ma ma. Cc h ra c np y kn.
C thng ng rc dn dng t cc ca ra vo thun tin cho vic thu gom
rc, v c np y hp v sinh.
- Yu cu v thit b v dng c gim st cht lng: hin ti nh
my c nhng thit b ch yu nh:
40
+ Thit b my ch bin: my ct gt rau qu, my gia nhit s b,

my ghp np bi kh, my thanh trng h, my lm ngui, my nn kh
+ Dng c, phng tin vn chuyn sn phm: xe lng, xe y, kt
nha hot ng tt, y .
+ Dng c ch bin: dao, tht nha, cn cho sn xut.
Thit b dng c gim st cht lng:
+ C dng c gim st, kim tra nhanh trong sn xut: cn, nhit
k, o Brix, o pH..
+ C phng th nghim ring phc v vic kim sot cht lng.
+ Ngoi ra sn phm thng xuyn c em kim nghim cc
tiu chun l, ho, sinh ti cc c quan kim tra ca nh nc.
- Yu cu v phng tin v sinh v kh trng:
+ H thng, dng c ra v kh trng tay c b tr thun li s
dng cho cng nhn
+ Phng thay bo h lao ng tch bit vi khu sn xut
+ Nh my c xy dng h st trng ng vi din tch thch hp
cho cng nhn st trng ng khi ra vo khu vc sn xut. V h Chlorine c
t ti ni m bt buc cng nhn khi vo phn xng phi qua h ny (Hnh 5:
S nh my)
+ Nh v sinh cho tng khu vc vi y nc, giy v sinh,
thng cha cht thi m bng chn, tch bit ring theo gii tnh. C quy nh
cht ch khi i v sinh cho cng nhn trong khu vc ny cng nh ton nh my.
Vi d nh: nu cng nhn i v sinh ra khng ra tay s b pht ng canh n
khi no bt c ngi k tip vi phm, hoc b tr bnh bu ca thng
- Thit b s dng lm v sinh, kh trng:
Ti nh my c y thit b, dng c. Ho cht ty ra lm v sinh
nh xng, dng c ch bin (ph lc 2 danh mc ho cht). Cc dng c ny
c ni ring bit c nhn ghi y phn loi ho cht.
41
4.2.1.3. Yu cu v ngun nhn lc

- Lnh o nh my: rt xem trng vn an ton v sinh thc phm,
lun theo st hot ng sn xut trong nh my, trc tip xem xt cc khu vc
sn xut, a ra bin php gii quyt kp thi khi c trc trc v s c xy ra. C
kin thc v kinh nghim qun l tt ng thi am hiu hot ng sn xut trong
nh my.
- i ng qun l cht lng: nhn vin phng QA, phng th nghim c
trch nhim trong vic gim st cht lng, v sinh sn xut. y l i ng c
kin thc v kinh nghim nhit tnh trong cng vic.
- S lng cng nhn ng, ngun lc cho sn xut
4.2.2 Kh khn
4.2.2.1. Nh Xng
- a im nh my v mi trng xung quanh: nh my gm hai khu
vc ngn cch bi con ng Phan Bi Chu nn mt s sn phm phi vn
chuyn ngang ng sang khu hai ch bin tip. V vy khng m bo c
vic sn xut lin tc v sn xut kn.
- Yu cu thit k b tr nh xng
+ Ti ca thng gi c li chn tuy ngn c cn trng, nhng khng
ngn c bi vo phn xng. Ca s thng gi c vi ch b rch. Mt vi ca
s cha c tm li chn bi v cn trng. Cn trng d lt vo khu vc sn
xut v ri vo sn phm qua ng ny cn lu thay li
+ Bi rc nm cnh khu vc sn xut, nn c th b nhim cho. V iu
kin ca ra ca phn xng quay v pha bi rc, cn trng c th theo ng
ca ra ny m lt vo phn xng. Cn c bin php theo di, kim tra v x
pht cht ch hn i vi cng nhn khi vo phn xng ch bin bng ca ra
- Yu cu v kt cu nh xng
+ H thng n bt cn trng c t qu cao v qu xa so vi ca ra,
v t ngay pha trn bn ch bin, iu ny d lm sn phm b cn trng ri
42
vo khi v tnh b bt vo n. Cn t thm n bt cn trng ti nhng v tr

thch hp nh: ca ra, ca vo.
+ Cn dao s dng sa qu cn lm bng g. Nu c iu kin nn thay
bng dao inox.
4.2.2.2. Dng c, thit b ch bin
- H thng cung cp nc v nc : h thng lc nc cha hiu
qu nc lc cn cn.
- H thng cung cp hi nc: lng hi cp cn thiu, thng xuyn
gp tnh trng thiu hi khng hi thanh trng
- Yu cu h thng x l nc thi: h thng x l nc thi ang nm
trong k hoch xy dng ca nh my. Hin ti nc thi cha c x l trc
khi thi.
- Yu cu v phng tin v sinh v kh trng: khng c dng c lm
kh tay bng qut, vi nc vn hnh vn cn s dng tay vn m vi.
4.2.2.3. Yu cu v ngun nhn lc
- Cng nhn s lng thay i theo ma v sn xut c bit khu s
ch nguyn liu. Nhng cng nhn ny c hn ch v trnh hc vn, kh nng
tip thu, thc lm vic. Tuy nhin, nh my lun b tr i ng hng dn v
theo di lc lng lao ng ny.
43
4.3 Quy trnh sn xut Khm r qut

Tip nhn, phn loi nguyn liu
Cht u, cung
Ngm, st trng ( nng 100-150ppm,
15-30 pht)
t li, Gt v
V Xay nhuyn
Ngm Chlorine(30-50ppm, trong 30-60 giy)
Sa qu, Gp mt
Nhng Chlorine(20-50 ppm, 10-15 giy)
Ct khoanh
Ct nh hnh
Ra
V lon (cn 425 g)
Rt nc ng
Gia nhit s b
Ghp np
Thanh trng
Lm ngui
ng Date, lau du
Bo n ( 15 ngy)
Dn nhn, ng gi
Vn chuyn, phn phi
Hnh 7: S ch bin khm r qut
44
Sn phm khm r qut c ch bin qua nhiu cng on t tip nhn

nguyn liu n thnh phm theo ung i minh ho trong s mt bng nh
my (Hnh 5: S nh my).
Thuyt minh quy trnh
Nguyn liu c i l chuyn n nh my bng ghe, c cng nhn
chuyn ln kho. i vi nguyn liu chn vng a vo sn xut

ngay, nguyn liu cn xanh c cht ln sn bng cy, nguyn liu cht
cao khong 120 cm tr li n khi chn hoc thiu nguyn liu s a
vo sn xut.
- Tiu chun khi thu mua nguyn liu: (trch iu 2 hp ng kinh t)
1. Quy cch:
Loi I: trng lng tri t 800g 1,5 kg.
Loi II: Trng lng tri t 600 g- 799 g
2. Cht lng
Khm nguyn liu c nhn vin phng QA nh gi, phn loi ri
mi a vo ch bin
- Khm khi nhn vo bng, cung cn ti (bng t nhin, cung di
khng qu 10cm).
- Khm gi bng (phi n t 2/3 hng mt tr ln).
- Rut khm phi c mu vng nht tr ln.
- Qu khm phi ti tt, khng dp ng, khng chn nn, khng chn
nu (c mi ln men).
- Khng su bnh, khng meo mc, khng b khuyt tt, khng dnh
bn, t, chut cn v c mi l khc.
- ng t 120 Brix tr ln (o bng Brix k)
Phn loi nguyn liu: khm c chia lm hai loi khi thu mua vi gi khc
nhau
- Hng khng mua:
+ Tri c trng lng di 600g.
45
+ Khm b khuyt tt, d dng bt thng (chut cn, tri c dng hnh
thp, u tp nh).
Lu : Khng s dng thuc tr su trc khi thu hoch 20 ngy.
S ch
Khm cht b u v cung bng dao st, mng, yu cu mt ct phi
phng, mt ct vung gc vi li, khng lm dp nt khm, khng nhim bn
mt ct. Ngm qu trong nc Chlorine vi nng 100-150ppm trong 15-30
pht trong bn sc kh nhm dit cn trng, vi khun v lm sch nhng tp cht
nh t, ct.
Sau c vt ra c li bng my. My t li gm mt ng c
ng knh 18, 20, 21 v 22 mm (tu yu cu khch hng) chuyn ng c l
nh vo lc p truyn ng ca chn. Khm c t thng ng trn bn ,
ng chuyn ng i xung, li lt vo bn trong ng. Khi ng chuyn ng ln
s mang theo li khm v khm c t li.
Gt v khm cng theo nguyn tc tng t nh t li. Cng nhn
dng lc tay y khm t li vo ng c ng knh khong 60cm (tu yu
cu khch hng), trn ng c ba li dao xp cch nhau 120 0 v v khm c
tch ra thnh ba ming ri ra ngoi. V v li c bng ti chuyn ra ngoi n
my xay v xay nhuyn dng lm thc n gia sc
Khm gt v, t li gi l khm ng. Khm ng c ngm trong
Chlorine vi nng 30-50ppm trong 30-60 giy. Khi a vo sa qu, yu cu
khm phi sch v, khng dp v. Khm gt xong khng c xp chng ln
m phi xp ng ln tng qu vo khai chuyn sang b phn gp mt. Ti
cng on ny khm c phn loi, loi no cn nguyn ng a qua ct
khoanh bng my v ct nh hnh. Loi no khng cn nguyn vn a sang ct
khm x ngu hoc khm r qut bng tay.
Cng nhn s dng kp gp mt cn st li trong ng khm: yu cu
phi sch mt, khng b dp nt. Sau gp mt chng s c nhng qua nc
Chlorine c nng 20-50ppm trong 10-15 giy .
46
Cng on ct khoanh s thc hin bng my ct vi mt li dao quay.

Mi khoanh dy 7-9 mm. Tng ng khm c ct khoanh phi xp ng
vo r trnh b dp nt, b khoanh ri a sang khu ct nh hnh. i vi
khm ng lon khng yu cu ct nh hnh phi ng quy cch nn quy cch
di, rng, dy c th dao ng 19-22, 13-17 v 7-9 mm.
Cng on ra cui nhm gim lng Chlorine cn st li ca nhng ln
ra trc mc cho php.
Thnh phm
Khm ct nh hnh s qua cng on v lon, trng lng ca khm
sau khi tr trng lng ca lon l 220g, sau cho qua vi rt dung dch
ng trng lng t 425g v gia nhit s b n 73-750C.
Dung dch nc ng c pha da trn Brix v pH ban u ca
nguyn liu. Nc s dng pha dung dch c kim tra trc khi pha bng
cch th: cho mt git dung dch m vo 10 ml nc. Thm mt t bt ch th
mu dung dch c mu tm. Thm 1-2 git EDT ( dung dch m), nu mu
chuyn sang mu xanh m l t.
Trong ming khm v trong dung dch nc ng v lon vn cn
cha nhiu kh, cng on gia nhit s b vi nhit mi trng khong 90920C th sn phm c nng nhit dn n 73-750C trong thi gian 10 pht
s loi phn ln kh cn trong lon, ri mi a sang ghp np thanh trng sn
phm s khng b phng vt l.
Ghp np c thc hin bng my, nhn vin QA thng xuyn kim
tra chp m ca my ghp, yu cu chp m phi ln hn 45% so vi chiu
cao m ghp v m ghp khng b try st
Thanh trng h vi nhit mi trng 96-970C vi thi gian thi gian
18 pht nng nhit sn phm t nhit 73-75 0C ln 96-970C vi pH sn
phm khong 4,0 th trong iu kin ny Salmonella b tiu dit, mi nguy vi
sinh vt s c kim sot ti cng on ny. ( Ph chng 1 c tnh vi sinh
vt)
47
Sn phm sau thanh trng c lm ngui bng cch cho li qua 2 khu
vc cha nc, khu vc 1 nc c nhit 600C, khu vc 2 nc c nhit
400C. Do lm ngui da trn nguyn tc trao i nhit gia mi trng c nhit
thp vi mi trng c nhit cao. Sn phm mi thanh trng c nhit
960C phi c lm ngui t t, nu khng s b phng vy l do s chnh lch
nhit qu cao gia trong v ngoi.
Sn phm cui cng c lm kh v lau du trnh sn phm b r
st. Dn nhn v bo n trong thi gian 15 ngy. Trong thi gian bo n, nu c
s c trong thanh trng, vi sinh vt cn sng st sau thanh trng s sinh kh lm
hp b phng, l hng s loi b hoc ti ch nu c th
4.4 Cc GMP c xy dng cho quy trnh sn xut Khm r

qut
4.4.1. GMP-01: Tip nhn v bo qun nguyn liu
a. Quy trnh: Gm cc cng on c tin hnh tun t nh sau:
- Khm c a n bng xung, ghe... i tip nhn nguyn liu cn
v cho vo st
- Nhn vin QA kim tra nguyn liu theo tiu chun thu mua nguyn
liu v ghi kt qu BM-GMP-01 (ph chng 3)
- i vi khm c chn vng a vo gt v ch bin, khm cn xanh
a vo bo qun d tr n khi chn vng hoc khi ht nguyn liu s a vo
ch bin.
48
Hnh 8: Tip nhn nguyn liu

b. Gii thch l do:
- Nguyn liu tip nhn phi tho mn cc yu cu cht lng, th tc
kim tra cht lng to ngun thng tin ch bin cho cc cng on tip theo.
c. Cc thao tc cn tun th:
- Ch nhn hng theo ng cc tiu chun yu cu v y thng tin:
tn nguyn liu, tn i l, s lng, chng loi.
- Khm a n nh my phi khng b nhim mi v khng nhim bn
cc loi ho cht du m.
- Nhn hng theo nguyn tc: ti trc nhp trc.
- Nhn vin QA ly mu nh gi kim tra cc ch tiu theo tiu chun
kim thu mua nguyn liu bng cch o Brix theo tng l nguyn liu v ghi
kt qu vo BM-GMP-01 (ph chng 3)
- Nguyn liu t yu cu c i tip nhn chuyn sang cng on
tip theo.
- Cc c nhn lin quan n cng on ny phi tun th SSOP ban hnh
49
4.4.2. GMP-02: Cht, u cung

a. Quy trnh
- Khm c ct u, cung bng dao bn mng vi yu cu mt ct
phi thng, khng ct qu su. Nu khm b dp nhiu u hoc cung th ct
b ht phn dp ny.
Hnh 9: Cht u cung

b. Gii thch l do
- Nhm b hoa v cung, mt ct phi thng thun tin cho vic gt
v, trnh gt qu su s trnh c hao ht. Dng dao mng, bn th thao tc
nhanh v chnh xc
c. Cc thao tc tun th
- Dng dao bn mng ct u cung.
- Nht ct phi nhanh, dt khot, trnh vic cht khng t s lm khm
b dp v mt ct s khng bng phng
- Nhn vin QA kim tra tin cng vic v thao tc lm vic ca cng
nhn
- Tun th SSOP ban hnh
50
4.4.3. GMP-03: Ngm Chlorine ln 1

a. Qui trnh:
- Khm sau ct u cung c cho vo bn ra c sc kh, v ngm 1530 pht trong nc Chlorine vi nng 100-150ppm.
Hnh 10: Ngm Chlorine ln 1

b. Gii thch l do:
- Khm c ra loi cc tp cht bn (bi, ct, t, ...) bm trn
v trong qu trnh thu hoch.
- Ra gip nhn bit nguyn liu c b nhim du m hay khng.
c. Cc thao tc cn tun th
- Khm sau khi cht u, cung phi ngm ngay trong nc Chlorine
nng 100-150ppm chun b sn trong thi gian ng nh qui nh.
- Phi vn hnh my st kh gip cho s tch tp cht hiu qu. B sung
nc Chlorine v thay nc Chlorine trc mi bui sn xut.
51
- Nhn vin QA kim tra nng Chlorine trong nc ngm v gim st

my st kh lm vic c hiu qu khng v iu chnh cho thch hp 1gi/1 ln
ghi vo BM-GMP-01 (Ph chng 3)
- Phi tun th SSOP ban hnh.
4.4.4. GMP-04: t li, gt v
a. Qui trnh
- Khm c a sang t li sau gt v bng my dp di s iu
khin ca cng nhn.
Hnh 11: t li gt v
b. Gii thch l do
- V v li nu ln vo sn phm s gy kh chu khi n, cn phi loi
b v v li. Cng nhn dng lc chn (t li), lc tay (gt v) a khm
vo dao ct. V v li s ri ra ngoi theo bng chuyn n my xay v xay
nhuyn.
- Chun b cho cng on ch bin tip theo.
52
- Khm phi c t sch li.

- Gt sch v ngoi ca khm, cho php cn st mt.
- Nhn vin QA kim tra ng knh cc dao trc mi ca sn xut, ghi
vo BM-GMP-01 (ph chng 3)
- Tun th SSOP ban hnh.
4.4.5. GMP-05: Ngm Chlorine ln 2
a. Qui trnh
- Khm sau gt v ngm nc Chlorine chun b sn vi nng 3050ppm, trong 30-60 giy.
Hnh 12: Ngm Chlorine ln 2

b. Gii thch l do
- Loi b nhng mnh v, mnh li cn st li sau qu trnh gt v
53
- Loi cht bn cn st li hay trong qu trnh vn chuyn v tnh nhim

vo, khng ch s pht trin ca vi sinh vt.
- Tt c khm sau t li, gt v phi c ngm ngay vo nc
Chlorine.
- Nc phi to thnh dng chy lin tc thng ngm. Sau 30 pht
thay nc mt ln.
- Nhn vin QA kim tra nng Chlorine trong nc ngm v
30pht/1ln. Khc phc kp thi nu nng Chlorine d v ghi vo BM-GMP02 (ph chng 3) mi ngy hai ln.
4.4.6. GMP-06: Sa qu, gp mt
a. Qui trnh
- Khm ng c gt sch v cn st li ri chuyn sang gp sch mt
bng kp. Khm ng sau khi sa qu, gp mt phi xp ng ln tng qu vo
khay.
Hnh 13: Sa qu, gp mt

54
b. Gii thch l do
- To cm quan tt cho ming khm, gt i nhng phn h hng, dp
khng loi c cng on gt v. Cch xp khm ny gip khm trnh c
va chm lm dp khm.
- Thao tc sa qu phi sch v khng lm dp v. Khm gt xong
khng c xp chng ln m phi xp ng ln tng qu vo khai chuyn
sang b phn gp mt
- Gp mt phi sch mt
- Lm v sinh bn ch bin 1gi/1ln v st trng bng cn 700
- Nhn vin QA kim tra ng khm v nhc nh nu cng nhn gp
khng sch. Nhn vin QA c trch nhim phn loi khm a vo khu ch
bin thch hp, thng xuyn kim tra khu v sinh bn ch bin
- Phi tun th SSOP ban hnh
4.4.7. GMP-07: Nhng Chlorine
a. Qui trnh
- Nhng nc Chlorine vi nng 20-50ppm trong 10-15giy
Hnh 14: Nhng Chlorine
55
b. Gii thch l do
- Lm sch ln na nguyn liu, nu mt hay v cn st li s c loi
ra khi nhng trc khi a vo ct khoanh
- Nhng trong nc Chlorine ng nng v ng thi gian qui nh
- Nhn vin QA thng xuyn kim tra nng Chlorine pha trong
nc. Thng thng nhng 2-3 r cho cng nhn thay mt ln v nhn vin QA
phi kim tra nng Chlorine trong nc pha mi. Lu kt qu vo BM-GMP02 (ph chng 3) hai ln mi ngy
4.4.8. GMP-08: Ct khoanh
a. Qui trnh
- ng khm c a vo my ct khoanh, ct thnh tng khoanh vi
chiu dy 7-9 mm tu theo n t hng
Hnh 15: Ct khoanh

b. Gii thch l do
- Chun b cho bc ct nh hnh tip theo
56
- Cc khoanh ct khng c dnh nhau, nht ct phi dt khot nhanh
trnh lm dp ming khm
- V sinh my ct khoanh ra v st trng bng cn 700 2gi/1ln
- Nhn vin QA kim tra tin ct ca my ct khoanh v vic lm v
sinh my
4.4.9. GMP-09: Ct nh hnh
a. Qui trnh
- Khoanh khm c a vo my ct nh hnh, cng nhn dng sc
tay dp khm xung bn khun vi cc c 1/12, 1/10 v 1/8 (tu theo yu cu
khch hng).
Hnh 16: Ct nh hnh

b. Gii thch l do
- Ct ng quy cch theo n t hng
- Ming khm phi ng quy cch qui nh chp nhn sai qui cch l 5%
57
- Lc dp va phi trnh ming khm dp nt

- Kim tra v v sinh my ct thng xuyn y r lm v sinh mt ln,
trnh hin tng my ct qu d s lm sai quy cch sn phm
- Nhn vin QA kim tra qui cch bn thnh phm, lu vo biu mu
BM-GMP-03 v BM-GMP-04 (ph chng 3), nhc nh cng nhn v sinh khi
my ct d
4.4.10 GMP 10: Ra
a. Quy trnh
- Sau ct nh hnh bn thnh phm phi c ra li bng nc sch
khng c Chlorine.
b.Gii thch
- Nhm gim d lng Chlorine cn li trong bn thnh phm mc
cho php trc khi a qua ng lon.
- S dng nc chy lin tc ra bn thnh phm, nc phi sch
- Trnh ra qu lu s lm tn tht cht kh trong nguyn liu
- Thi gian ra trong 10 giy
- Nhn vin QA gim st vic ra
4.4.11. GMP-11: V lon
a. Qui trnh
- Khm nh hnh c v lon vi trng lng qui nh. Trng lng
ro nc l 220g
58
Hnh 17: V lon

b. Gii thch l do
- V lon theo ng n t hng
- Cn ng trng lng khm
- Ra lon rng sch trc khi v lon, v sinh bn ch bin thng xuyn
sau mi t v lon
- Kim tra chnh xc ca cn bng qu cn chun trc khi dng,
chnh sa kp thi khi c sai lch
- Nhn vin QA kim tra v sinh v chnh xc ca cn sau mi t v
lon. Lu vo BM-GMP-05; BM-GMP-06; BM-GMP-12 (ph chng 3)
4.4.12. GMP-12: Rt nc ng
a. Qui trnh
- Nc ng c dn qua ng t trn ng i ca sn phm, rt y
vo lon trc khi vo ni gia nhit s b.
59
Hnh 18: Rt nc ng
b. Gii thch l do
- Di tc dng ca dung dch nc ng gip khm c mu vng
ti, v dung dch ng to cho sn phm c v ngt v ming khm c
bng. To mi trng c pH thp c ch s pht trin ca vi sinh vt
- o ng Brix ca nguyn liu t tnh ng lng ng v
vitamin C cho vo pha dung dch. Kim tra nhit khi pha dung dch trong
khong 60-650 C trnh lm mt vitamin C v ng b caramen ho
- Nhn vin QA kim tra nc pha dung dch, nhit , lng ng,
lng vitamin C dng pha dung dch trc khi pha v ghi vo BM-GMP-07;
BM-GMP-12 (ph chng 3)
60
4.4.13. GMP-13: Gia nhit s b

a. Qui trnh
- Sn phm c gia nhit s b ni gia nhit c nhit 90-92 0 C,
sn phm c nng dn nhit n 73-760C, trong vng 8-10 pht
Hnh 19: Gia nhit s b

b. Gii thch l do
- Bi kh sn phm trc khi ghp np trnh hin tng phng hp khi
thanh trng, lm ngui.
- Kim tra nhit ca ni hi qua ng h o nhit t ti ng dn
hi.
- Kim tra nhit u ra ca sn phm phi t theo yu cu 73-76 0 C
trong mi t sn xut
- B sung dung dch ng vo lon do b tht thong trong qu trnh gia
nhit
- V sinh ni gia nhit s b trc v sau mi ca sn xut
61
- Nhn vin QA iu chnh v kim tra thng xuyn nhit , ghi vo

BM-GMP-08 (ph chng 3)
4.4.14. GMP-14: Ghp np
a. Qui trnh
- Ghp np bng my ghp bng cch ghp cht m ca np vi m ca
lon.
Hnh 20: Ghp np

b. Gii thch l do
- ng kn sn phm gip bo qun v d dng trong vn chuyn
- Chun b np sn sng trc khi ghp np.
- Kim tra chp m phi t 45% so vi chiu rng m ghp trc mi
ca sn xut.
- Kim tra bn ca lon khi ghp np, v hnh dng m ghp c b try
xc phi trong khong cho php.
- V sinh my ghp np trc v sau mi ca sn xut.
62
- Cng nhn ph trch khu ghp np theo di v khi c s c phi

ngng my, tin hnh iu chnh my, nu h hng nng phi bo b phn k
thut.
- Nhn vin QA iu khin, theo di my ghp np, v kp thi chnh
sa nu c sai st, lu vo BM-GMP-06, BM-GMP-09, BM-GMP-10, BMGMP-12 (ph chng 3)
4.4.15. GMP-15: Thanh trng h
a. Qui trnh
- Sn phm c li qua nc c nhit 96-970C trong 18 pht
Hnh 21: Thanh trng h

b. Gii thch l do
- Tiu dit vi sinh vt, c ch s pht trin vi sinh vt cn st trong sn
phm.
- Gip bo qun sn phm tt hn.
63
- Nhit ni 96-970C trong 18 pht tiu dit vi sinh vt m

khng lm sn phm qu mm.
- Chun b nhit nc trong ni thanh trng phi t 96-97 0C, thi
gian sn phm li qua nc phi khng c nh hn 18 pht
- Tuyt i khng tin hnh thanh trng khi hi cp khng , nhit
nc cha t yu cu
- Thay nc thanh trng mi trc khi sn xut v tho b nc sau mi
ca sn xut
- V sinh ni thanh trng khi thy bng chuyn d
- Phn cng cng nhn c kinh nghim ph trch my thanh trng phi
ngng my khi c s c, tin hnh iu chnh hoc bo cho b phn k thut sa
cha.
- Nhn vin QA iu khin, theo di nhit v qu trnh thanh trng,
lu vo BM-GMP-06, BM-GMP-11, BM-GMP-12 (ph chng 3)
4.4.16. GMP-16: Lm ngui
a. Qui trnh
- Lm ngui qua hai giai on.
Giai on 1: vi nhit nc 600C trong 8 pht
Giai on 2: vi nhit nc 400C trong 8 pht
64
Hnh 22: Lm ngui

b. Gii thch l do
- Lm ngui hai giai on vi thi gian 8 pht gip lm ngui sn phm
t t. Trnh sn phm b phng vt l do s chnh lnh nhit qu cao gia
trong v ngoi sn phm
- D dng trong vn chuyn thnh phm
- Khng lm ngui nhanh sn phm v bt k l do g
- V sinh my lm ngui khi thy d
- Nhn vin QA theo di qu trnh lm ngui v iu chnh nu c s c
xy ra, lu vo BM-GMP-12 (ph chng 3)
4.4.17. GMP-17: ng date, lau du
a. Qui trnh
- ng date bng mc khng trc, lau lon bng du n
65
Hnh 23: ng date, lau du

b. Gii thch l do
- Gip bit c ngy sn xut v hn dng cho sn phm, thun tin
cho vic tho di vn chuyn sn phm. Gip lon khng b st, bo qun sn
phm lu hn
- Mc ng date khng b bong trc khi lau chi. Ghi y thng tin
v sn phm ngy sn xut, hn s dng
- Lau k vo cc k ni ghp m, lau sch cc vt cn bm trn thnh
lon do trong qu trnh thanh trng v lm ngui li
- Tt c sn phm trc khi dn nhn xut hng u phi c lau du
- Trnh lm mp mo sn phm khi ng date, lau du, vn chuyn
- Nhn vin QA qun l nhng l hng cha lau du v lau du. Cc
l hng phi c dn nhn ghi r cc thng tin v ngy sn xut, hn s dng,
bo n, lau du, ng date. B sung nhn kp thi nu b bong trc. Nhn vin
QA theo di v ghi vo BM-GMP-12 (ph chng 3)
66

4.4.18. GMP-18: Bo n
a. Qui trnh
- Cc lon sn phm c t xen k nhau v t trn k bng g. Mi k
t 1000 lon sn phm qun bao PE xung quanh. t cch vch v cc cy cch
nhau 5 tc .
b. Gii thch l do
- Bo n 15 ngy nhm theo di sn phm c cn vi sinh khng. Nu
cn vi sinh s dn n phng hp, nu sn phm an ton s khng c hin tng
g xy ra.
- Gip kim tra an ton sn phm trc khi xut hng.
- Mi cy sn phm 1000 lon t ni kh ro khng m t, ngn cch
vi mi trng bn ngoi bng bao PE phi kn. Sn phm t cch vch v cch
nhau 5 tc.
- Treo nhn v cc thng tin sn phm loi hng, ngy sn xut, bo n.
B sung nhn nu b bong trc
- Vn chuyn phi trnh va chm lm hng, mp mo sn phm.
- Nhn vin QA, nhn vin ph trch theo di thng xuyn qu trnh
bo n sn phm. Kim tra cht lng sn phm trc khi cho xut xng. Lu
vo BM-GMP-13, BM-GMP-14 (ph chng 3)
4.4.19. GMP-19: Dn nhn, ng gi
a. Qui trnh
- Sn phm cho ln qua my dn nhn t ng, cho lon sn phm vo
thng chun b, dn bng keo mt trn v di theo mu qui nh
67
Hnh 24: ng thng

b. Gii thch l do
- Dn nhn cho bit thng tin v ngun gc sn phm
- ng thng nhm bo qun sn phm, to du hiu phn bit c loi,
ngn nga s ly nhim vi sinh vt t mi trng ngoi, to m quan cho sn
phm
- Cc thng tin trn thng nhm mc ch phn bit chng loi hng ho,
truy tm ngun gc hng ho, xc nh hn s dng ca hng ho
- Nhn, thng carton s dng phi m bo v sinh, khng mi
- Kim tra cn thn cc s code (th hin ngy sn xut, ca sn xut), s
thng theo ng yu cu ca lnh sn xut. S thng phi c ghi lin tc/l
hng. L hng khc nhau th s th t phi quay v s 001.
68
- Nhng thng hng khng ph hp phi dng bng keo mu dn trn

mt thng
- Mi c nhn vo khu vc ny phi tun th v sinh
4.4.20. GMP-20: Vn chuyn v phn phi
a. Qui trnh
- Khi c lnh sn phm c xp hng phn phi. Ni dung ca hp
ng phi c xc nh s lng cht lng v qui cch. Xut sn phm t
tiu chun qui nh.
b. Gii thch l do
- Qui cch, s lng v m s phi r rng s trnh trng hp sn phm
b ln ln.
- Ch khi c lnh gim c th sn phm mi xut ra khi kho
- Phi tun th nguyn tc: nhp trc, xut trc.
- Kim tra v sinh ca xe trc khi xut hng
- Khng ling, nm cc thng hng v c th lm b cc thng carton v
tn hi n sn phm.
- Kim tra gion ca m bo khi ng, ca phi tht kn.
4.5 Cc SSOP xy dng

4.5.1. SSOP-01: An ton ca ngun nc.
a. Yu cu th tc
Nc tip xc vi thc phm hoc vi b mt tip xc thc phm phi
an ton, t yu cu nc dng trong cng nghip thc phm ca b y t
b. iu kin hin nay
Ngun cp nc nh my ang s dng c ly t ging khoan c
su t 280-300m c bm ln thp cha chung
69
Sau nc c qua cc bnh cha xp, than hot tnh x l lc th

v kh mi, ri qua lc tinh v tit trng qua h thng x l nc. p lc nc
cho ch bin hng ngy.
Nc sau khi c x l lc v tuyt trng c b sung lng 5ppm
Chlorine vo nc bng my nh lng Chlorine.
c. Cc thao tc thc hin
Lp s h thng cung cp nc
- S h thng nc ca nh my c nh s kim sot ti i din cc
u ra v ng vi thc t.
- Khi c thay i ca h thng nc th nh my c cp nht.
Kim sot hot ng ca h thng x l nc:
- Ngun nc ging khoan c khoan xa ngun nhim bn. Khu vc
xung quanh h thng x l nc c v sinh, dn dp. B cao p chung c
cng ty qui nh xc ra 1 nm/1 ln lc khng sn xut.
- Lun duy tr h thng nc hot ng lin tc v hiu qu:
- Thit b c thit k vi b cha cng sut ln, h thng in v bm
d phng nn p ng c mi nhu cu v nc trong sn xut.
- Bm nh lng Chlorine c bo tr nh k v c bm d phng
- Kim tra d lng Chlorine u ngun, cui ngun hng ngy
Phng nga s nhim bn
- Kim tra h thng ng ng dn nc trong nh my.
- Nhn vin t c in thng xuyn xem xt, kim tra ng ng
(thng, chy ngc) kp thi sa cha.
Kim tra cht lng nc
- Nh my lp k hoch v ly mu kim nghim nc
- Trng hp kt qu phn tch khng t hoc c s c v h thng
nc, nh my s dng sn xut ngay xc nh thi im xy ra s c, c lp
sn phm trong thi gian c s c cho ti khi xc nh nguyn nhn v em xt
nghim vi sinh, ti ch sn phm nu cn thit.
70
d. Gim st
- Nhn vin QA kim tra v sinh, lp k hoch v sinh h thng x l
nc v xt nghim vi sinh theo qui nh.
- H s ghi chp cc s liu kim nghim nc ti cc vi ra vo phiu
kim tra v sinh nh k c lu li theo BM-SSOP-01 (ph chng 4) v bo
cho t k thut iu chnh nu c s c xy ra.
4.5.2. SSOP-02: Cc b mt tip xc vi sn phm
a. Yu cu
Tt c cc vt dng s dng trong sn xut tip xc trc tip vi sn
phm c ch to t vt liu cho php s dng, b mt trn nhn d lm sch,
khng thm, khng b n mn hoc h hng do cht ty ra st trng.
m bo v duy tr iu kin v sinh tt trc khi sn xut v trong thi
gian sn xut.
b. iu kin hin nay
- Tt c cc dng c ch bin: bn ch bin, cc b mt tip xc ca thit
b, dng c ch bin vi sn phm u c lm bng inox hoc nhm c.
- Cc dng c cha ng nh: r, kt, thau, thng cha tt c lm bng
nha
- Cc bo h lao ng tip xc trc tip vi sn phm nh: gng tay,
ym u lm bng cao su
- Cc vt liu lt (ballet) (gip kt cha bn thnh phm, vt liu bao gi
trnh tip xc vi nn nh) u lm bng nha
- Vt liu ng lon u lm bng st trng
- Ho cht dng ty ra b mt tip xc sn phm: x phng
- Ho cht dng kh trng b mt tip xc sn phm: Sodium
hypoclorite.
- i vi cc b mt kh tip xc lm v sinh v c ra nh b mt cc
thit b bng chuyn th dng vi nc phun p lc ty ra, sau dng ho
71
cht ty ra phun to bt v dng vi nc p lc trng ra li bng nc sch

trc khi a vo sn xut.
- Cc thit b ch bin c cc b mt tip xc thc phm d lm v sinh,
lp t ng qui cch thun tin cho lm v sinh
- Cc b mt tip xc thc phm u c v sinh trc v sau qu trnh
sn xut
c. Cc thao tc cn thc hin
Chun b trc khi lm v sinh
Ly dng c lm v sinh ti ni qui nh ca tng xng bao gm: bn
chi, x phng, ho cht ty ra to bt, my phun p lc, vi nc. Cc dng c
ny chuyn dng lm v sinh. Pha dung dch Chlorine nng 100ppm
( bng ca nh lng sn)
V sinh sau khi sn xut
i vi dng c nh: thau, r, kt nha, dao, tht, thc o,...
+ Ly ht cc ph liu cn dnh v tn ng trong dng c.
+ Ra bng nc sch.
+ Dng bn chi v x phng ty cc cht bm trn dng c
+ Ra sch x phng bng nc sch.
+ Nhng trong bn cha dung dch Chlorine 100 ppm thi gian ti
thiu 30 giy. Cc dng c phi nhng ngp trong dung dch, sau dng c
c nhng li bng nc sch v p ln bn hoc gi ro nc
i vi bn ch bin
+ Thu nht ht cc sn phm cn st li trn bn
+ Ra bng nc sch
+ Di x phng ln trn b mt, cc gc cnh, chn ....
+ Dng bn chi ch sch trn cc b mt loi b cc cht bn
+ Dng nc sch ra sch dung dch x phng trn b mt
+ Di dung dch Chlorine 100ppm ln b mt
72
Ch : i vi bn ch bin th phi v sinh c hai b mt (mt trong v mt

ngoi)
i vi gng tay v ym
+ Ra sch bng nc
+ Ra li bng x phng
+ Ra li nc lm sch dung dch x phng
+ Nhng trong dung dch Chlorine nng 100 ppm thi gian ti
thiu 30 giy
+ i vi ym: ra li bng nc sch ri phi kh ti khu qui
nh ring bit
+ i vi gng tay: ra sch li bng nc sch, phi kh trc
khi s dng, phi lm v sinh v kh trng bn trong v bn ngoi
V sinh trong khi sn xut
Dng c ch bin s c gom v ni qui nh ra bng nc
Chlorine 100ppm. Tt bn, ym bng nc Chlorine 100ppm, nhng gng tay
bng nc Chlorine 100ppm, kh trng tip tc bng cn 70 0, vi tn sut 60
pht/ln.
V sinh trc ca sn xut
- Trng hp hai ca sn xut lin tc, khong thi gian giao ca ngn
khng ng k th ch cn ra li nc sch trc khi s dng.
- Trng hp ch thi gian di mi sn xut th v sinh trc khi sn
xut cng ging nh sau khi sn xut nhng khng dng ho cht ty ra (x
phng).
* Yu cu chung
- Ch s dng x phng v cc hp cht to bt lm v sinh v kh trng
sau khi sn xut xong, khng lm v sinh v kh trng khi cn sn phm trn
bn ch bin.
73
- Cc dng c lm v sinh v cht ty ra phi ng ni qui nh,

dng c lm v sinh phi c cha trong thng nha, c np y kn, ngoi
thng c dn nhn phn bit.
- Ho cht ty ra v kh trng phi c dn nhn phn bit
- Tn sut v sinh v kh trng theo (bng qui nh tn sut v sinhph chng 5)
d. Gim st
Nhn vin QA kim tra cc b mt tip xc thc phm, thit b, dng c
ch bin mt ln ngu nhin trong ngy. Ghi chp vo biu mu gim st v sinh
BM-SSOP-02 (ph chng 4)
4.5.3. SSOP-03: Ngn nga s nhim cho
a. Yu cu
Trnh ly nhim t cc vt th mt v sinh sang thc phm, vt liu bao
gi v cc b mt tip xc thc phm, cc tc nhn bao gm: dng c, gng tay,
bo h lao ng, bi, kh thi, t nguyn liu sang thnh phm v t ng vt
gy hi sang thc phm.
b. Cc iu kin hin nay
Nh my c xy dng cch xa khu vc chn nui, git m gia sc.
Mi trng xung quanh sch v thong. C tng bao quanh ngn cch khu vc
ch bin vi bn ngoi.
Kt cu nh xng d lm v sinh v kh trng. Mi trng xung quanh
thng thong khng to ni n nu cho ng vt gy hi.
Khu vc sn xut sn phm sng v sn phm chn tch ri nhau. Dy
chuyn sn xut ca nh my phn cch ring gia nguyn liu v thnh phm,
c ng i ring gia nguyn liu v ph liu. Tuy nhin, ti cc l thng gi
ni c tng ngn cch gia khu ph liu v bn thnh phm, cc l li b rch
mt vi ch, y l ni d lm cho cn trng xm nhp vo sn phm.
Trong phn xng ch bin khng c bt c vt dng no, thit b no
khng ph hp vi cng vic sn xut hoc khng c php s dng.
74
Nh my chia lm hai khu vc dnh cho bn thnh phm v thnh phm:

cng nhn hai bn phn bit bng kiu nn v o bo h lao ng.
H thng thot nc nn sn v khu vc xung quanh tt, d lm v sinh
Ti cc phn xng sn xut c h thng thng gi bng cc qut ht
theo chiu ht ln trn nh hot ng lin tc m bo trnh ngng t nc. V
mi xng u c b tr n bt cn trng ti ca ra vo.
Li i ra v li i vo c b tr ring bit. Tuy nhin li i ra t ngay
ni x l ph liu, iu ny d lm cho cn trng lt vo phn xng khi cng
nhn i ra ngoi.
- Trong cc cng on ch bin trong nh my, bn thnh phm v
nguyn liu phi lun c bo qun trong kho mt hn ch ti a s mt nc
ca nguyn liu.
- Khng ch bin chung cc sn phm khc nhau trn cng mt dy
chuyn
- Khng cc sn phm dng, c cha ng trc tip trn nn sn
- Khu vc sn xut phi lun c gi v sinh sch s, cng nhn phi
tun th cc qui nh v sinh: V sinh c nhn, v sinh nh xng....(SSOP-02,
SSOP-04)
- Ph liu c cha trong dng c chuyn dng, kn v nhanh chng
chuyn ra khi phn xng theo li qui nh trong nh my
- Khu vc v sinh v ty trng c b tr ring trnh nhim bn vo
sn phm, khu vc ca tng cng on sn xut t d n sch c ngn ra
nhng phng ring. Cng nhn ra vo phi ng ca v khng c qua li gia
cc khu vc khc nhau nu khng c yu cu cng vic.
- Bo h lao ng, gng tay cng nhn v dng c sn xut trong phn
xng phi c phn bit r rng bi mu sc hoc theo loi theo qui nh.
gng tay b thng phi thay ngay.
75
d. Gim st
Nhn vin QA lun gim st v kim tra h thng thot nc iu kin
v sinh cng rnh, nn trn v lu vo BM-SSOP-02 (ph chng 4). ng thi
lp k hoch v sinh trn, tng, nn v nhc nh v sinh cng nhn.
4.5.4. SSOP-04: V sinh c nhn
a. Yu cu
- C y cc phng tin ra, kh trng tay ti cc v tr thch hp,
duy tr tt phng php lm v sinh c nhn.
- Bo tr tt cc thit b ra v kh trng tay cng nh cc thit b v
sinh.
- Tt c mi ngi khi vo khu vc sn xut phi sch, khng bnh tt,
gy ly nhim cho sn phm.
b. iu kin hin ti
Tt c ca ra vo xng sn xut u c b tr phng tin ra v kh
trng tay c thit k thun tin cho vic s dng m bo an ton v sinh.
Gm cc vi nc, cc hp ng x phng nc dit khun, thau nc c pha
Chlorine theo qui nh nhng tay. Tuy nhin, cha c khn lau kh tay, hay
qut t ng kh tay, my thi bi tc. Ti xng bn thnh phm cha c king
kim tra trang phc bo h lao ng trc khi vo phn xng
Ti mi phng ch bin c b tr thau nc nhng tay c pha Chlorine
st trng gng tay theo tn sut qui nh (ph chng 5)
Gng tay, bo h lao ng c git i sch s trc khi vo nh my.
Khu vc nh v sinh c b tr s lng theo gii tnh, c giy v
sinh. Ti li vo khu vc v sinh c trang b vi nc v x phng dit khun
ra tay.
Mi li vo c phng thay bo h lao ng v c gn bng hng dn
th tc v sinh c nhn.
76
Nh my c i ng nhn vin kim tra v sinh ti mi li ra vo xng

c o to cch kim tra, ch nhng cng nhn c y cc trang phc
bo h, v sinh ng qui inh mi c vo xng.
Tt c cng nhn u c hun luyn v phng php v sinh c nhn.
Chun b
Trc khhi bt u sn xut v trong sut ca trc, nhn vin chuyn
trch gim st kim tra ton b thit b sy tay, Chlorine h nhng ng, Chlorine
nhng tay, x phng c y khng, nh v sinh c hot ng tt khng v
giy v sinh khng
Tt c bo h lao ng gng tay, ym, nn... c git sch b
phn git i ca nh my chuyn n phng thay bo h lao ng u ca
sn xut
Qui nh chung(*)
Trc khi bt u sn xut v trong qu trnh sn xut, tt c mi ngi
tham gia sn xut khng c ht thuc, n ung khc nh trong xng sn
xut.
V sinh c nhn trc khi vo xng:
- Tt c nhn vin trc khi vo xng phi c nhn vin ph trch
- Vo phng thay bo h lao ng nhn v mc bo h lao ng
- Kim tra trang phc qua king trc khi ra tay
- Bc qua h Chlorine nhng ng, ra tay bng x phng st khun,
sy kh tay
- Mang gng tay kh trng
- Tt c cng nhn vo xng u qua my thi loi bi, tc...bm trn
bo h lao ng
- Nhng tay vo thau nc c pha Chlorine
Tt c ccmc trn u c nhn vin chuyn trch ti cc ca ra vo
gim st, kim tra, ghi kt qu theo tn sut qui nh.
77
Trong khi ang sn xut

Nhn vin kim tra v sinh chuyn trch c trch nhim kim tra cc vn
: nn bao tc, gng tay, bo h lao ng...
Trong qu trnh sn xut, tt c mi ngi tham gia sn xut khng c
ht thuc, n ung , khc nh trong xng sn xut.
Khi ra khi xng, vo phng v sinh
Tt c cc trang b bo h lao ng phi c ci ra khi c th:
- o mng trn mc
- Ym c mng mc ring
- Gng tay c tho ra v li ti xng
- ng c tho ra v gn gng ng ni qui nh
- Khi vo phng v sinh phi mang dp chuyn dng
Khi vo xng phi tun theo qui nh trong mc qui nh chung (*)
Khi cui ca sn xut
Tt c trang b bo h lao ng: o qun, ym, nn, khu trang, ng,
gng tay c tho ra xp gn v git i sch s
Khng c mc bo h lao ng ngoi khu vc sn xut
d. Gim st
Nhn vin QA thng xuyn kim tra v sinh ca cng nhn trong
xng trc, trong v sau khi sn xut. Ghi nhn v c bin php x l i vi
nhn vin vi phm. Bin bn x l, kim tra phi c ghi chp y v c
lu li phng QA.
4.5.5. SSOP-05: Bo v sn phm khng b nhim bn
a. Yu cu
Bo v thc phm,vt liu bao gi v b mt tip xc sn phm nhm
trnh s ln ln vi cc vt liu khc: du m bi trn, ha cht, cht ty ra,
kh trng cng nh cc yu t gy nn vic nhim l, ho, sinh hc khc.
Vic ghi nhn nhm phn bit cc vt liu s dng cho tng mc
ch thch hp
78
b. iu kin hin nay

- Bao b
+ Nh my c kho bao b ring bit, m bo bao b c gi sch,
kn chng cn trng xm nhp, bit lp vi cc kho thnh phm, ha cht (S
nh my)
+ Bao b, vt liu khi nhn vo xng u c khu vc ring kh
ro hp v sinh cha ng, c t trn cc pallet
+ C i chuyn trch vn chuyn cc bao b, vt liu bao gi phn
phi n cc xng theo yu cu
- Ho cht
+ Nh my c kho ho cht tch bit vi cc kho cha vt liu
khc
+ Ho cht dng cho thc phm v cc loi du m bi trn, ha
cht kh trng, hp cht ty ra.....c bo qun ring bit, bit lp vi kho
thnh phm
+ Cc cht bi trn s dng trong xng l cc cht c php s
dng, khng c hi, cc cht bi trn ny c ghi nhn nhn bit khi s dng
- Kim sot s ngng t hi nc
+ Nh xng kt cu ng yu cu, thng thong tt, hn ch ti
a cc hin tng ngng t hi nc.
+ i v sinh nh xng c nhim v lau kh nu c hin tng
ngng t hi nc.
+ Cc phng ch bin u c gn qut ht khng kh m ra khi
xng, hn ch ti a vic ngng t hi nc.
c. Cc th tc cn thc hin
- Bao b
+ Cc bao b, vt liu bao gi c bo qun ni kh ro, kn.
Khng c trc tip di sn nh
79
+ Cht lng, qui cch, v sinh bao b c m bo t nh cung

cp v c kim tra trc khi nhp kho
+ Cc cm bao b, vt liu bao gi u c dn nhn phn bit:
chng loi, s dng cho th trng no, ngy nhp kho, s lng...
+ Cc bao b khi nhn s dng c bo qun trnh tip xc vi
cc vt liu khc, trnh cc tc nhn gy m t, h hng, nhim bn.
+ Khng bo qun chung bao b, vt liu bao gi vi cc ho cht
kh trng, ty ra, cht bi trn....
+ Cc bao b, vt liu bao gi khi khng ph hp cho vic sn xut
hoc ht thi hn s dng c chuyn ra khi xng sn xut, c bo
qun kho ring.
+ Lun lun gi kho bao b, vt liu bao gi, kho thnh phm trong
tnh trng sch s, kim tra mi ngy.
- Du nhn, du bi trn.
+ Kho cha cc loi du nhn, cht bi trn c tch bit ring,
c ghi nhn phn bit, c thng cha ng chng loi
+ Tt c c ghi nhn y trong kho bo qun cng nh khi s
dng, b sung nhn mc nu thiu trc
+ Khng hot ng sn xut, ch bin sn phm khi ang c sa
cha bo tr thit b
+ Khu vc sa cha, bo tr phi c che chn, tch bit khi khu
vc ang sn xut, trnh i li gia cc khu vc ny
Thao tc chung
- Lun lau trn, king nu c hin tng ngng t hi nc
- Khi lm v sinh phi che y sn phm, bn sn phm trnh b nhim
bn t cc cht ty ra, st trng...
d. Gim st
Nhn vin QA v cng nhn trc tip sn xut lun tun th theo nhng
nguyn tc trn nhm bo v sn phm khng nhim bn. Nhn vin QA kim
80
tra thng xuyn v c bin php x l khi vi phm. Mi biu mu ghi nhn cho
khu ny phi c lu tr li ti phng QA
4.5.6. SSOP-06: S dng v bo qun ho cht
a. Yu cu
Phi m bo vic s dng v bo qun ho cht khng lm gy hi cho
sn phm v ngi tiu th
b. iu kin hin nay
Nh my ang s dng mt s ho cht c php cho mc ch kh
trng v ty ra ( Ph chng 2-Danh mc ho cht ). Nh my c kho cha ho
cht ring bit, kn, thng thong, c kho cn thn
Tt c cc ho cht cha trong bao c k trn pallet. Ho cht ty ra
v kh trng c cha trong thng chuyn dng kn
Mi ho cht u c dn nhn vi cc chi tit bng ting Vit hoc
ting Anh: tn ho cht, nh sn xut, thi hn s dng
B tr ngi qua o to v ho cht theo di, bo qun, pha ch, xut
nhp kho v phn phi ti cc xng.
- Ho cht phi bo qun ring bit, kn, thong, trnh cc tc nhn lm
nh hng, suy gim cht lng
- Ho cht phi dn nhn y , ghi bng ting Vit hoc ting Anh r
rng, ch vit khng b bong trc khi vn chuyn v s dng, b sung nhn khi
b bong trc
- Ch c ngi c trch nhim ( nhn vin phng th nghim) mi c
giao bo qun, pha ch, xut nhp kho v phn phi ti xng s dng.
- Ti cc xng sn xut, vic s dng ho cht c tun th theo
hng dn cng vic v cch s dng treo ti ni lm vic.
- Cp nht thng xuyn cc ho cht mi a vo s dng vo danh
mc ho cht.
81
- Ch s dng ho cht ty ra v kh trng c php s dng, lu

hnh trong thi gian s dng. Ho cht khng c nhn hiu hoc km cht
lng, bao b khng nguyn vn, ht hn dng tuyt i khng c nhp kho
hoc a vo s dng.
- Ho cht khi nhp kho phi c nhn vin chuyn trch kim tra cht
lng, bao b v vic ghi nhn, ghi chp vo h s lu tr. Nu loi ho cht
khng kim tra thnh phn ti phng kim nghim nh my th nh cung cp
phi c giy phn tch thnh phn v ngun gc ca loi ho cht , trn giy
c chng nhn ca c quan thm quyn.
- Qu trnh vn chuyn t kho ti xng phi m bo trnh cc tc
nhn lm suy gim cht lng: gi, nh nng mt tri, ma, bi t...
- Cc cht c dit cn trng c bo qun trong t ring c kho,
tch ring bit v ch ngi bo qun kho gi.
4.5.7. SSOP-07: Sc kho cng nhn
a. Yu cu
Kim sot tnh trng sc kho cng nhn trnh gy ra s ly nhim vi
sinh vo thc phm v b mt tip xc thc phm
b. iu kin hin ti
Nh my t chc hp ng vi s y t tnh khm sc khe nh k cho
cng nhn v nhn vin gin tip 1 nm/ln
Khi tuyn dng vo nh my nhn vin cng phi c khm sc kho,
m bo c sc kho cng tc trong ngnh ch bin thc phm.
Tt c cng nhn Nh my u tiu chun sc khe lm vic nh
my ch bin thc phm theo qui nh ca B Y T
Mi cng nhn c s kim tra sc kho ghi r tin s bnh v tnh trng
sc khe nh k.
nh k hp ng vi Trung tm Y hc d phng t chc cc chng
trnh o to v an ton v sinh thc phm cho cn b qun l sn xut v cng
nhn tip xc trc tip vi sn phm, c giy chng nhn cui kho hc.
82

Phng T chc lp k hoch ph hp kim tra nh k sc khe cng
nhn m bo tt c cng nhn u c kim tra sc khe, pht hin sm
nhng trng hp khng iu kin tham gia sn xut
Hng ngy nhn vin chuyn trch kim tra tnh trng sc khe cng
nhn, v sinh cng nhn vo u ca sn xut v ghi chp vo biu mu gim st
v sinh trc khi vo xng. Nu c nghi ng v tnh trng sc kho cng nhn
phi thng bo vi b phn qun l sn xut c bin php cch ly hon ton
ngi nhim bnh khi khu vc sn xut, chuyn ln b phn Y t nh my kim
tra li v c hng iu tr (SSOP-03, SSOP-04)
Cng nhn c trch nhim thng bo tnh trng sc kho khi mc cc
bnh c th gy nhim cho sn phm
Khng cho tham gia sn xut nhng cng nhn khi nhn c kt qu
thng bo ca c quan Y t d phng v cc bnh: truyn nhim, tiu chy, cc
vt thng nhim trng....
Cng nhn b bnh c th ly nhim cho sn phm phi tm ngh hoc
c phn cng cng vic khc thch hp khng tip xc vi thc phm
d. Gim st
Nhn vin QA phi hp vi cc phn xng trng theo di, kp thi
pht hin nhng cng nhn bnh
4.5.8. SSOP-08: Kim sot ng vt gy hi
a. Yu cu
- Loi b ng vt gy hi trong nh my
- Ngn nga v tiu dit hiu qu ng vt gy hi
b. Cc iu kin hin nay
Cc phn xng u c ca ngn cch vi nhau, u c ngn cch gia
cc phng: thay bo h lao ng vi xng sn xut. C li ngn cch chn
ti cc ca thng gi, tuy nhin li ny hin nay ang lng mt vi ch cn
phi thay trnh cn trng lt vo
83
Lp t li che chn tt c ca cng thot nc ca h thng cng

rnh thng vo xng, h thng trn c lp kn
Xung quanh nh my thong ng, khng c ni tr ng ca ng vt
gy hi
Lp t cc thit b dit rui, by tiu dit chut ti cc ni thit yu
Hp ng vi c quan bn ngoi lp k hoch nh k phun thuc dit
cn trng
C s t by tiu dit chut bn ngoi xng ch bin, phn cng
ngi chuyn trch t by v thu thp xc chut x l
Lun bo tr cc thit b tiu dit cn trng, thay th b sung kp thi
mn che, li chn b h
Thc hin v sinh khun vin nh my nh k loi b nhng ni ng
vt gy hi c th tr n
Duy tr vic xt thuc dit cn trng bn ngoi khun vin nh my v
lp t thit b dit cn trng, ng vt gy hi ti nhng ni thit yu. C giy
chng nhn thc hin c hiu qu cng vic tiu dit cn trng, ng vt gy
hi
Duy tr k hoch t by, thng xuyn thay i s t by nhm
tng hiu qu dit cn trng, thu thp xc cht ca chut x l ng cch.
d. Gim st
Phn cng cng nhn v sinh m nhn vic t by dit ng vt gy
hi.
4.5.9. SSOP-09: Kim sot cht thi
a. Yu cu
m bo hot ng h thng thu gom, x l cht thi khng gy nhim
bn cho sn phm
b. iu kin hin nay
84
Cht thi rn hin nay ca nh my ch yu l v, cung rau qu c

vn chuyn bng xe, ghe phn phi cho chn nui b
H thng nn sn, cng rnh c xy dng theo nguyn tc dc ra
ngoi, khng c hin tng ngng ng nc lu trong xng ch bin
H thng thot nc thi bng ng cng m bo ton b nc thi
c a ra ngoi, khng lu ng lu to mi hi thi. Nhng cht thi nc
khm hin nay cha c x l trc khi ra sng
i vi cht thi rn l cc ph liu: thng, PE, nha ...phi gom li sau
mi ngy v chuyn n kho ph liu tiu th.
i vi cht thi rn l rc: hng ngy gom li t cc thng rc nh
chuyn n khu cha rc nm ngoi khun vin nh my, 3 ngy/ln c ngi
thu gom v vn chuyn v bi rc
Thng xuyn kim tra h thng cng thot nc trnh b tc nghn.
d. Gim st
Nhn vin QA thng xuyn kim tra, tuyt i khng rc b ng,
gii quyt nhanh chng nhng trng hp rc bc mi hi thi. Nhn vin v
sinh c trch nhim thc hin cng vic v sinh
4.6 HACCP cho quy trnh sn xut khm r qut
4.6.1 Mt s im cn lu trong vic thnh lp i HACCP ti nh my
Nhng cng vic cn lm khi thnh lp i HACCP ti nh my
- Cng tc thnh lp i HACCP trong nh my phi qua thi gian gii
thiu hng dn, ging dy v ni dung ca chng trnh HACCP mt cch c
th ri da vo kh nng tip thu, trnh am hiu v kinh nghim trong tng
lnh vc ca cc thnh vin, t mi quyt nh c th danh sch thnh vin
tham gia, phm vi v quyn hn c th trong vic thnh lp i HACCP
- Quy m thnh lp i
85
Nh my Bnh Khnh c quy m va, s lng thnh vin chnh thc

trong nh my cn 3-4 ngi, ngoi ra c th mi thm t vn bn ngoi tr gip
- Yu cu i vi thnh vin trong i HACCP
+ Cc thnh vin phi am hiu v GMP, SSOP, c bit l ni dung yu
cu trong vic xy dng HACCP ti nh my
+ Nm r tnh hnh sn xut thc t, trang thit b ang s dng ti nh
my. Hiu bit v c kinh nghim mt trong cc lnh vc: sinh hc, ho hc, vt
l, kt cu nh xng, cng ngh ch bin hp khm.
- C kh nng t chc iu hnh
- c bit i vi v tr trng nhm phi c kh nng phn tch, xut
nhng thay i khi cn thit, c kin thc, uy tn v quyn hn v qun l, cng
nh c th xut vi lnh o nh my v thi gian, kinh ph, ngun lc trong
vic xy dng HACCP
- Nhim v ca i HACCP: xy dng k hoch HACCP, xc nh tin
thc hin HACCP, gi vai tr ch cht trong vic o to v thc hin
HACCP. Thm tra, sa i k hoch HACCP. Xem xt, bo co thc hin
HACCP
4.6.2 M t sn phm
Mc ch ca cng vic ny nhm nm bt khi qut i tng cn xy
dng kh nng nhim bn thc phm c th c trong nguyn liu, trong ch bin
hoc trong bo qun v tiu th sn phm, thun li hn khi tin hnh xc nh
mi nguy hi c th xy ra i vi cc thnh phn ti cng on sn xut.
ng thi hiu c mc ch s dng ca sn phm
86
BNG M T SN PHM
87
STT
1
2
3
c im
Tn sn phm
Nguyn liu
Cch thc bo qun vn
chuyn, tip nhn nguyn
liu
Khu vc khai thc
M t tm tt qui cch
thnh phm
6
7
Thnh phn khc

Cc cng on ch bin
chnh
Kiu bao gi
9
10
11
12
iu kin bo qun
iu kin phn phi, vn
chuyn sn phm
Thi gian s dng
Cc yu cu ghi nhn
13
14
15
Cc yu cu c bit
Phng thc s dng
i tng s dng
M t
Khm r qut
Khm c vn chuyn bng ghe,.., n nh
my. i tip nhn nguyn liu cn v xp
trn g cch mt t 1 tc
Nhp nguyn liu t tiu chun thu mua
( ph luc), v chuyn vo sn bo qun
nguyn liu.
Khm c trng ti vng t thuc tnh Hu
Giang, Kin Giang, An Giang
Di 19-22 mm
Rng 13-17 mm
Dy 7-9 mm
ng, vitamin C, nc
Tip nhn, phn loi nguyn liu Cht u,
cungNgm, st trng t li, Gt v
Ngm ChlorineSa qu, Gp mt
Nhng Chlorine Ct khoanh Ct nh
hnh V lon Rt nc ng Gia
nhit s b Ghp npThanh trng
Lm ngui ng Date, lau duBo n
( 15 ngy)Dn nhn, ng giVn
chuyn, phn phi
ng lon trng lng 425 g
Trng lng ro nc 220 g
iu kin thng
Sn phm c phn phi, vn chuyn iu
kin thng, ng trong thng carton
3 nm
Tn sn phm, ngy sn xut, hn s dng,
ni sn xut, thnh phn, cch s dng...
Khng
n lin hoc ch bin vi thc phm khc
Tt c mi ngi
4.6.3 S dy chuyn sn xut (Xem phn Quy trnh)
88
4.6.4 Thm nh thc t quy trnh sn xut

Quy trnh sn xut hp khm r qut c m t v thit lp li t
qu trnh kho st thc t ti nh my trong thi gian thc tp. V vy gia s
m t v thc t khng khc nhau
4.6.5 Phn tch v lit k mi nguy
Phm vi ca k hoch HACCP cho cc cng on trong quy trnh sn
xut nhm loi tr mi nguy
Lit k nhng mi nguy vi sinh, vt l, ho hc c xy ra khng trn
tng cng on sn xut
- Mi nguy vi sinh l nhng loi vi sinh khi c trong thc phm c th
gy bnh cho ngi. Vi sinh vt khi pht trin thng sinh nhiu sn phm ph,
mt s trong chng cha c t gy bnh, lm mt an ton v sinh thc phm.
Da vo tiu chun vi sinh i vi sn phm hp v (ph chng 1-c tnh
vi sinh vt ), vi sinh cn kim tra cho sn phm ny gm:
+ E.Coli
+ Salmonella
+ Staphylococcus aureus
+ Tng s nm men, nm mc
- Mi nguy vt l bao gm cc d vt c kh nng gy hi thng khng
c trong thc phm. Khi chng may n phi d vt, ngi n c th b hc, b dau
hoc cc nh hng khc c hi n sc khe. Da vo k thut ch bin, iu
kin, trang thit b sn xut xc nh mi nguy vt l trn tng cng on c xy
ra hay khng, nh my kim tra mi nguy vt l l mt v v khm.
- C th xy ra nhim ho hc bt c cng on no trong sn xut v
ch bin thc phm. Ho cht s khng nguy him nu c s dng v kim
sot hp l, song nguy c tim n i vi ngi tiu dng s tng ln mt khi
ho cht khng c kim sot cht ch hoc b lm dng. Chia cc mi nguy
ho hc thnh ba nhm: ho cht c sn trong t nhin, ho cht ch nh b
89
sung vo, ho cht khng ch nh hoc chng may nhim vo. Da vo danh
mc ho cht s dng trong nh my (ph chng 2) v cch s dng xc nh
mi nguy ho hc trn tng cng on c xy ra hay khng. Nh my khng t
tiu chun kim sot cho mi nguy ho hc. V Chlorine s dng liu lng
tuy hi cao nhng c cng on ra cui gim hm lng Chlorine v thuc
tr su c th kim sot c cc cng on gt v, nhng ra
Phn tch mi nguy trn tng cng on sn xut gip cho vic phn
tch, theo di nh hng ca tng loi mi nguy, chng ti tin hnh tng bng
phn tch mi nguy ng vi mi loi mi nguy vi sinh, vt l, ho hc
90
91
Bng 4: Bng lit k mi nguy

Tn sn phm
HP KHM R QUT
Bo qun v phn phi iu kin thng

Cch dng: n lin hoc ch bin vi thc
phm khc
i tng s dng: tt c mi ngi
Cng
Cc bin
Xc nh mi
C mi
on ny
Thnh
php phng
nguy tm n
nguy cho
c phi l
phn,
nga c th
c nhn bit
an ton
Din gii cho
im
cng
c dng
hoc kim sot thc phm nhn nh ct 3
kim sot
on
ngn nga
trong cng
khng?
ti hn
ch bin
mi nguy
on ny
(C/K)
khng?
ng k
(C/K)
1
2
3
4
5
6
- Vi sinh vt
C
- Khm khi vn
GMP-03
Khng
hin hu
chuyn n nh
SSOP-03,05
Escherichia
my tip xc vi
-pH<4 c
coli,
t, dng c ch, ch vi sinh
Samonela...,
cha ng
vt
Vi khun k
- Thanh
kh
trng s tiu
- Vi sinh vt
dit vi sinh
nhim
C
- Khm di
vt
Khng
Tip
- Vi sinh vt
nn
nhn
Khng
- Khm c v bo
nguyn pht trin
v, pH thp
liu
Vt l
Nguyn liu thu
GMP-03
D vt b ln
nhn t i l cn SSOP-03,05
Kh
C
vo sn phm
dnh t, cha
ng
c ra sch
Ho hc
Nguyn liu tip
Ngm, gt
Ho cht c
nhn t i l
v ra
C
Khng
kh nng nhim
nm ngoi kim
vo sn phm
sot ca nh my
- Vi sinh vt
Khng
- SSOP-04 v
nhim
sinh c nhn
- Vi sinh vt
Khng
- Thi gian ngn
pht trin
vi sinh vt khng
kp pht trin
Cht
Vt l
Khng
- SSOP-04
u,
D vt b ln
cung vo sn phm
Ho hc
Khng
Ch c cng nhn
Ho cht c
tip xc nguyn
kh nng nhim
liu. Khng dng
vo sn phm
ho cht cng
on ny
92
2
- Vi sinh vt
nhim
- Vi sinh vt
pht trin
3
Khng
Vt l
D vt b ln
vo sn phm
Khng
Khng
Ngm
st trng
Chlorine
ln 1
Ho hc
Ho cht c
C
kh nng nhim
vo sn phm
Vi sinh vt
nhim
Khng
Khng
Vi sinh vt pht
trin
Vt l
Khng
D vt b ln
vo sn phm
t li,
gt v
Khng
HO HC
Ho cht c
kh nng nhim
vo sn phm
4
- SSOP-01
- Khng pht
trin c vi
nng Chlorine
100-150ppm,
trong 15-30 pht
Nguyn liu c
ra v sc kh,
cht bn c
loi trong qu
trnh sc
D lng
Chlorine
- SSOP-04 Cng
nhn cng on
ny phi tun th
v sinh
- Thao tc nhanh
Thit b v tay
cng nhn tip
xc nguyn liu
c v sinh sch
s
H thng bi trn
kch ng cho
thit b nm ngoi
phm vi tip xc
nguyn liu.Kim
sot, v sinh thit
b sch s trc,
sau mi ca sn
xut
93
- Kim tra
nng
Chlorine,
iu chnh
nu vt
qu liu
lng
- Gt v v
ra sau s
loi b mi
nguy ny
Khng
2
3
Vi sinh vt
Khng
nhim
Vi sinh vt pht Khng
trin
Ngm
Chlorine
Vt l
ln 2
D vt b ln
vo sn phm
Khng
Ho hc
Khng
Ho cht c
kh nng nhim
vo sn phm
Vi sinh vt
Khng
nhim
Vi sinh vt pht Khng
trin
Vt l
Mt khm cn
Sa qu, st li
C
gp mt
Ho hc
Khng
Ho cht c
kh nng nhim
vo sn phm
4
- Nc sch,
SSOP-01
- Khng pht
trin c vi
nng Chlorine
30-50ppm, trong
30-60giy, nc
Chlorine c
thay nh k
Cng nhn khuy
trn u khi ra.
Dung dch
Chlorine khng
c cn
Kim tra nng
Chlorine, iu
chnh nu vt
qu liu lng
- SSOP-04 cng
nhn v sinh sch
s
- Thao tc nhanh,
thi gian ngn
S xut ca cng
nhn
Ch c cng nhn
tip xc nguyn
liu. Khng dng
ho cht cng
on ny
94
Nhn vin
QA kim ra
cht ch,
nhc nh
cng nhn
ly ra
2
Vi sinh vt
nhim
Vi sinh vt pht
Nhng trin
Chlorine Vt l
D vt b ln
vo sn phm
Ho hc
Ho cht c
kh nng nhim
vo sn phm
Vi sinh vt
nhim
Ct
khoanh
3
Khng
Khng
4
Khng pht trin
nng
Chlorine 2050ppm, trong 1015giy
Thi gian ngn
Khng
SSOP-01
Khng
Kim tra nng

Chlorine, iu
chnh nu vt
qu liu lng
iu kin sn
xut sch s,
SSOP-02, SSOP04
- Thao tc nhanh
Khng
Vi sinh vt pht Khng

trin
Vt l
Khng
D vt b ln
vo sn phm
Ho hc
Khng
Ho cht c
kh nng nhim
vo sn phm
Thit b chc
chn, hot ng
tt
H thng bi trn
kch ng cho
thit b nm ngoi
phm vi tip xc
nguyn liu.Kim
sot, v sinh thit
b sch s trc,
sau mi ca sn
xut
95
2
Vi sinh vt
nhim
3
Khng
Vi sinh vt pht Khng

Ct nh
trin
hnh
Vt l
Khng
D vt b ln
vo sn phm
Ho hc
Khng
Ho cht c
kh nng nhim
vo sn phm
Vi sinh vt
nhim
Khng
Vi sinh vt pht Khng

trin
Vt l
Khng
Ra
Ho hc
Khng
Ho cht c
kh nng nhim
vo sn phm
4
Tay cng nhn
tip xc sn phm
c v sinh sch
s nh k, cng
nhn c trang
b bo h lao
ng ng qui
nh
Thi gian ngn
Thao tc th
cng, thit b chc
chn, iu kin
sn xut sch s
Thit b ct
dng th cng.
Khng s dng
ho cht trong
cng on ny
Nc ra sch s,
chy lin tc,
SSOP-04
Thi gian ngn
Nc sch,
SSOP-01
Nc ra khng
pha Chlorine, s
dng nc sch.
Kim sot bng
GMP-10 v
SSOP-01
96
V lon
2
Vi sinh vt
nhim
3
C
Vi sinh vt pht Khng

trin
Vt l
Khng
D vt b ln
vo sn phm
Ho hc
Khng
Ho cht c
kh nng nhim
vo sn phm
Vi sinh vt
nhim
Khng
Vi sinh vt pht Khng

trin
Rt
nc
ng
Vt l
D vt b ln
vo sn phm
Khng
Ho hc
Khng
Ho cht c
kh nng nhim
vo sn phm
4
Cng nhn tip
xc bn thnh
phm khng eo
khu trang
Thi gian ngn
iu kin sn
xut sch s
Ch c cng nhn
tip xc nguyn
liu. Khng dng
ho cht cng
on ny. Lon
c v sinh sch
s trc khi a
vo s dng
Dung dch nc
ng nu
650C
Nhit cao
650C, thi gian
ngn
Nc a vo
pha dung dch
sch s khng
nhim bn, c
kim tra trc khi
dng, GMP-12
Nc c kim
tra ng tiu
chun cho php
mi a vo pha
dung dch
97
6
Khng
98
99
1
Gia
nhit s
b
2
3
Vi sinh vt
Khng
nhim
Vi sinh vt pht Khng
trin
Vt l
Khng
D vt b ln
vo sn phm
Ho hc
Khng
Ho cht c
kh nng nhim
vo sn phm
Ghp
np
Vi sinh vt
nhim
Khng
Vi sinh vt pht Khng

trin
Vt l
Khng
D vt b ln
vo sn phm
Ho hc
Khng
Ho cht c
kh nng nhim
vo sn phm
Thanh
trng
Vi sinh vt
sng st
C
Vt l
Khng
D vt b ln
vo sn phm
Ho hc
Khng
Ho cht c
kh nng nhim
vo sn phm
Thit b nng
Sn phm khng
tip xc vi thit
b, ch di chuyn
trn bng chuyn
Sn phm khng
tip xc vi thit
b
SSOP-02, thit b
tip xc sn phm
sch s
Sn phm ang
trong iu kin
nng, thao tc
nhanh
Thit b chc
chn, sn phm
c ng kn
H thng bi trn
kch ng cho
thit b nm ngoi
phm vi tip xc
nguyn liu.Kim
sot, v sinh thit
b sch s trc,
sau mi ca sn
xut
Khng cp
nhit trong thi
gian cn thit
Sn phm kn
Sn phm kn
100
Kim tra
nhit v
thi gian
Khng
4
Sn phm kn,
ch cn chu tc
ng ca trao i
nhit
Nc sch,
SSOP-01
Sn phm kn
Khng
Sn phm kn
Khng
Khng
Sn phm kn
Sn phm kn
Khng
Sn phm kn
Khng
Sn phm kn
Vt l
Khng
D vt b ln
vo sn phm
Ho hc
Khng
Ho cht c
kh nng nhim
vo sn phm
Sn phm kn
Vi sinh vt
Lm
ngui
Vt l
D vt b ln
vo sn phm
Ho hc
Ho cht c
kh nng nhim
vo sn phm
Vi sinh vt
Vt l
D vt b ln
ng
vo sn phm
date, lau
Ho hc
du
Ho cht c
kh nng nhim
vo sn phm
Vi sinh vt
Bo n
Khng
Sn phm kn
101
1
Dn
nhn,
vn
chuyn
2
3
Vi sinh vt
Khng
Vt l
Khng
D vt b ln
vo sn phm
Ho hc
Khng
Ho cht c
kh nng nhim
vo sn phm
4
Sn phm kn
Sn phm kn
Sn phm kn
102
Mt trong nhng mc ch khi xy dng HACCP l nhm m bo mi

nguy vi sinh nm trong tiu chun cho php.
4.6.6 Xc nh CCP
S dng s cy quyt nh CCP ( xem lc kho ti liu, nguyn tc
2 ca HACCP) trong vic xc nh CCP, cho mi nguy vi sinh, vt l, ho hc
lit k.
103
Bng 5: Bng xc nh cc CCP

Tn sn phm
HP KHM R QUT
Cng on
Mi nguy
1
Tip nhn
nguyn liu
2
Vi sinh
Vt l
Ho hc
Vi sinh
Vt l
Ho hc
Vi sinh
Vt l
Ho hc
Vi sinh
Vt l
Ho hc
Vi sinh
Vt l
Ho hc
Ngm st trng
Chlorine ln 1
Sa qu, gp
mt
V lon
Thanh trng

Cch dng: n lin hoc ch bin vi thc phm khc
CH1
CH2
CH3
CH4
CCP
(C/K)
(C/K)
(C/K)
(C/K)
3
4
5
6
7
C
K
C
C
K
C
K
C
C
K
C
K
C
C
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
C
K
C
C
K
K
K
K
C
C
CCP
K
K
K
C
K
C
C
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
C
C
CCP
K
K
K
K
K
K
104
4.6.7 Ngng ti hn cho mi CCP

Ngng ti hn l chun an ton m trong sut qu trnh vn hnh
khng c php vt qu
Cc mi nguy vi sinh cp th c Salmonella tuy c khong pH pht
trin rng l 4-9, nhng gi tr D ca Salmonella l 540C trong 2,5 pht, chu
nhit km d dng b tiu dit khi thc phm un nng ph hp. Theo cc thng
s ang s dng ti nh my. Ti cng on thanh trng nhit tm sn phm
t khong 960C, trong 3-5 pht m bo tiu dit cc loi vi sinh vt nu trn
Ngn chn mi nguy vt l cp l mt khm, v khm. Kim sot
bng cch kim tra gim st cng nhn trong qu trnh lm vic, ly ra khi pht
hin mt, v khm, nhc nh cng nhn thn trng hn trong cng vic
4.6.8 H thng gim st i vi CCP
H thng gim st ny cha ng cc ni dung
- Gim st ci g?
- Gim st bng cch no?
- Khi no cn gim st?
- Ai l ngi gim st?
i tng cn gim st trong qu trnh thanh trng l thi gian v nhit
. Gim st bng cch theo di nhit , thi gian thanh trng c th iu
chnh kp thi cc thng s k thut qui nh nu c s sai lnh v nhit v
thi gian thanh trng sau ghi vo h s lu tr. Tn sut gim st theo tng l
hng c th. Phn cng thnh vin phng QA kim tra khi ang thanh trng
i tng cn gim st trong cng on sa qu, gp mt l s xut
trong cng vic ca cng nhn. Gim st bng cch kim tra thng xuyn v
ngu nhin trong ca sn xut v nhc nh cng nhn, ghi vo biu mu kim tra
lu tr. Tn sut gim st tng t cng nhn. Phn cng thnh vin phng QA
kim tra khi ang vo ca sn xut
4.6.9 Bin php khc phc
105
y l bin php c tin hnh khi kt qu cho thy CCP khng c

kim sot cht ch, vt qua ngoi ngng ti hn
Tin hnh khoanh vng theo tng l hng, nh gi mc nhim vi
sinh ca tng l hng, v b l hng hoc dng lm thc n gia sc nu nhim vi
sinh
Bc u nhc nh cng nhn, nu s vi phm khng th chp nhn
c s k lut v cho thi vic. ng thi thay cng nhn khc khc phc ti
ch li phn nguyn liu ny
Bng 6 : Bng tng hp Haccp

106
107
CHNG 5 KT LUN V NGH

- nh gi thc trng nh my theo yu cu ca iu kin tin quyt,
cha xy dng h thng x l nc thi, ngh khc phc v cn tin hnh tu
sa.
- Kho st quy trnh ch bin hp khm r qut: n gin, hiu qu
- GMP v SSOP: xy dng 20 GMP theo tng cng on sn xut v 9
SSOP. Tuy nhin hon chnh chng trnh ny chng ti ngh tip tc
cng vic sau
+ Phn cng trch nhim cng vic
+ Xy dng v sa cha mt s biu mu gim st v h s lu tr
- Xy dng HACCP gii quyt mi nguy vi sinh, vt l, ho hc
+ Lit k c 4 loi vi sinh vt trong mi nguy vi sinh, xc nh
CCP ti cng on thanh trng m nguyn nhn nhit v thi gian thanh
trng khng nhit cung cp. ngh xem li b phn cung cp hi. Mi nguy
vt l c kim sot ti cng on sa qu gp mt m nguyn nhn l do s
xut ca cng nhn, cn nhc nh khi cng nhn vi phm v ly mt ra khi pht
hin cn st
+ Ngng ti hn CCP ny l nhit mi trng phi t 96 0C
v sn phm li qua trong 18 pht s c nhn vin phng QA gim st theo
tng l hng khi thanh trng bng cch theo di thng s trn ng h o nhit
v ng h bm giy. Mi nguy vt l phi c nhn vin QA kim tra tng
r bn thnh phm, nc ra cui phi c chy lin tc, khng nhp hng c
s dng thuc tr su
+ Nu gii hn ti hn b vi phm, s khoanh vng l hng, phn
tch mc mi nguy ti ch nu c th
- Nh my cn thc hin thit lp cc th tc thm nh, ti liu lu tr,
cc biu mu ghi chp.
108
TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Nguyn Vn, Tip Quch, nh Ng M, Vn. 2000. K thut sn xut
hp rau qu. Thnh ph H Ch Minh. Nh xut bn Thanh Nin
2. Hunh Th, Dung - Nguyn Th Kim, Hoa. 2003. Bo qun v ch bin rau,
qu thng dng Vit Nam. H Ni. Nh xut bn Ph N
3. Trn c, Ba - Thanh, Thu - Nguyn Minh, Khoa - Nguyn Minh,
Hng - Trn nh Thanh, Trc L Th Thu, Trang - H Kang Trung,

Trinh. 2000. Lnh ng rau qu xut khu. Thnh ph H Ch Minh. Nh
xut bn Nng Nghip
4. Nguyn Th Hng, Minh. 1997. V sinh trong cc x nghip ch bin thu
sn. H Ni. D n ci thin cht lng v xut khu thu sn Vit Nam
5. Nguyn Th Hng, Minh. 2003. m bo cht lng sn phm thu sn. H
Ni. Nh xut bn Nng Nghip
6. H Vn, Thuyt - Trn Quang, Bnh. 2002. Bo qun rau qu ti v bn ch
phm. H Ni. Nh xut bn Nng Nghip
7. Nguyn c, Lng - Phm Minh, Tm. 2002. V sinh an ton thc phm.
Thnh ph H Ch Minh. Nh xut bn i Hc Quc Gia
8. H Quang, Tr - Hunh Th Phng, Loan. 2000. V sinh thc phm v h
thng HACCP. i Hc Cn Th
9. Phm Vn, S - Bi Th Nh, Thun. 1975. Kim nghim lng thc thc
phm. H Ni. Nh xut bn khoa hc v k thut
10. Trung tm kim tra cht lng nng sn v hng ho xut khu
11. Nguyn Hu, Dng - Kim, Cng - Hunh L, Tm - c, Hnh.
1999. Phn tch mi nguy v kim sot im ti hn. H Ni. Nh xut bn
Nng Nghip
12. 1997. Nhng quy nh quc t v HACCP. H Ni. Trung tm. B thu sn
109
13. Nguyn T, Cng V Tun, Cng - Nguyn Hu, Dng - Nguyn Nh,
Tip. 1996. Cc tiu chun v cht lng v an ton v sinh thu sn (tp 1).
H Ni. Nh xut bn Nng Nghip
110
PH CHNG
Ph chng 1
c tnh vi sinh vt lit k
Da theo Danh mc tiu chun v sinh i vi lng thc - thc phm ca b
y t (Ban hnh km theo quyt nh s 857/1998/Q-BVT ca B trng B Y T
ngy 4 thng 4 nm 1998). i vi hp qu khng cho php cc loi vi sinh sau
Gii hn cho php trong 1g hay 1ml
Vi sinh vt
Escherichia coli
thc phm
0
Clostridium perfringens
Clostridium botulism
Staphylococcus aureus
Salmonella
Khng c c trong 25 g thc phm
Tng s bo t nm men - nm mc
Theo Nguyn Th Hng Minh (2003), Nguyn c Lng, Phm Minh Tm

(2001) Nguyn Vn Tip, Quch nh, Ng M Vn (2000) tm hiu c tnh ca cc
vi sinh vt nhm tm ra vi sinh vt mc tiu, t xc nh ch thanh trng thch
hp
1. Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli l trc khun gram m, khng sinh bo t, sinh indol, sinh
nhiu acid, khng sinh aceton v khng dng citrate lm ngun carbon duy nht. C 5
nhm: Enteroaggregative, Entrohemorrhagic, Enteroinrasire, Enteropathogenic,
Enterotoxigenic.
Escherichia coli ch th s nhim phn, c kh nng ly bnh qua thc phm rt
nghim trng .
Escherichia coli c ngun gc t phn v l mt trong nhng vi sinh vt ph
bin nht ca mi trng, c kh nng pht trin t 7-500C, ti u l 370C, sng c
pH thp, pH ti u l 4,4; aw ti u l 0,5.
2. Salmonella
pc-1
Salmonella l trc trng gram m, khng to bo t, k kh tu nghi, kch

thc khong 0,6 x 2 m, hiu kh , di ng, khng sinh indol hoc acetoin, khng c
kh nng ln men sucrore, lactose, amygdalin hoc phn gii urea, khng c kh nng
tch amine t tryptophan.
Salmonella l tc nhn gy bnh quan trng qua thc phm nh st thng
hn, nhim trng mu, ri lon tiu ho. Hu ht khng cho php Salmonella c trong
thc phm, do tnh cht ca vi khun rt nguy him. Salmonella rt kh pht hin v
n nhy cm vi qu trnh ch bin v bo qun cho nn mu ly ti thiu phi l 25g
v qu trnh kim nghim phi c thm giai on tim tng sinh.
Salmonella c ngun gc t phn. Khong pH pht trin rng l 4-9, pH ti u
nm trong vng trung tnh. Gi tr D ca Salmonella l 540C trong 2,5 pht, chu nhit
km d dng b tiu dit khi thc phm un nu ph hp.
3. Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus aureus l cu khun hiu kh, gram dng, khng sinh bo t,
ng knh khong 0,7m, khng c gip m, khng di ng, thng t thnh chm
hoc ghp i, ln men mannitol sinh sc t v, chu mn (7,5% NaCl) v c kh nng
ng huyt tng.
Chng c mt ph bin mi ni, thng thy trn t, khoang mi v tc..
ngi, y chnh l ngun ly nhim quan trng nht vo thc phm. Pht trin trong
thc phm, Staphylococcus aureus c kh nng sinh c t bn nhit khng b ph
hu khi un si. Trong 4 gi nhit phng, Staphylococcus aureus cng to
lng c t gy tai ho. Cng cn nhn mnh l Staphylococcus aureus cnh tranh
km, khng th pht trin bn cnh nhng vi sinh vt khc. Staphylococcus aureus c
gi tr D l 65, v d b tiu dit nhit 700C trong vng 5-15 giy
4. Clostridium Botulinum v Clostridium perfringens
Clostridium Botulinum v Clostridium perfringens u thuc h Clostridium l

trc khun gram (+), khng di ng, k kh bt buc, ch tng trng trong mi trng
trung tnh. Clostridium c khp ni trong mi trng v phn lp c t t,
pc-2
nc, tht, cc sn phm sa, trm tch di i dng, ni tng c, mai, ni tng cua
v cc loi nhuyn th c v khc. Thng thng loi vi sinh vt by ch thy trong
hp tht c, t tm thy trong hp qu
5. Nm mc, Nm men
Nm mc t thy trong hp
Nm men ch yu l Saccharomyces ellipsoides c trong khp thin nhin.
Nm men thng thy trong hp c ng. Men mc d b dit nhit thp v
d loi tr bng cch thc hnh v sinh cng nghip
T nhng c im trn chn vi sinh vt mc tiu l Salmonella.
pc-3
Ph Lc 2
DANH MC CC HO CHT C PHP S DNG TRONG NH
MY
Loi ho cht
Chi tit
SODIUM HYPO-CHLORINE
Nhn hiu
Cng Ty Ho Cht C Bn Min Nam
ng thng
25 kg/thng
S dng
St trng gng tay
Ra kh trng sn nn
Ngm kh trng dng c ch bin
Ca HYPO CHLORINE
Nhn hiu
Cng Ty Ho Cht C Bn Min Nam
ng thng
50 kg/thng
S dng
H st trng ng
RA V ST TRNG TAY
Nhn hiu
HENKEL RUTISEPT
ng thng
Thng 1.000 ml
S dng
Ra v st trng tay cng nhn
BT GIT
Nhn hiu
Cc loi bt git do Vit Nam sn
xut
ng thng
0,5 kg; 1 kg/gi
S dng
Dng trong git gi qun o bo h,
ng, nn.
DU BI TRN
Nhn hiu
STATOIL GREASE WAY LI 12 Thu in
ng thng
5 kg/ thng
S dng
Dng bi trn cho my t li, gt
v, my ct khoanh, my ghp np,
bng ti ca gia nhit v lm ngui
Nhn hiu
CASTROL, BP
S dng
Dng bi trn trong my nn
pc-4
Nng s
dng
100 ppm
200 ppm
100 ppm
200 ppm
1 ml
Khng gii
hn
Khng gii
hn
Ph chng 3
Cc biu mu GMP
BM-GMP-01: Biu ghi nhn x l nguyn liu

BM-GMP-02: Biu theo di x l Chlorine trong nc ch bin
BM-GMP-03: Bng kim tra cht lng bn thnh phm
BM-GMP-04: Biu kim tra c tnh vt l sn phm
BM-GMP-05: Phiu kim tra cn
BM-GMP-06: Biu kim tra qu trnh ng lon
BM-GMP-07: Biu theo di pha dung dch sn phm hp
BM-GMP-08: Biu kim tra nhit bi kh
BM-GMP-09: Biu kim tra m ghp lon (khng ph mu)
BM-GMP-10: Biu kim tra m ghp lon ( ph mu)
BM-GMP-11: Bng ghi nhn qu trnh thanh trng h
BM-GMP-12: Bin bn kim tra cc cng on sn xut ca phn xng ng hp
BM-GMP-13: Bng kiim tra cht lng thnh phm ng lon
BM-GMP-14: Biu mu theo di mu lu thnh phm ng lon
pc-5
Ph chng 4
Cc biu mu SSOP
BM-SSOP-01: Biu kim tra cht lng nc ng lon

BM-SSOP-02: Thm tra v sinh dng c thit b nh xng, sp xp dng c
pc-6
Ph chng 5
BNG QUI NH TN SUT LM V SINH
Dng c, thit b cn lm v sinh
Tn sut
Nn, trn, tng, cng, rnh
Trc v sau ca sn xut, bt c lc no
thy d
Nh v sinh
V sinh hng ngy, khng c mi hi
Bn ch bin
V sinh trc v sau ca sn xut. Tt bn
bng nc c pha Chlorine 100ppm
1gi/1ln, phun cn 700 st trng
Dng c ch bin (dao, tht...)
Trc v sau ca sn xut st trng bng
Dng c cha ng (thau, kt,
nc c pha Chlorine 100ppm 1gi/1ln.
khay, mm...)
Bo h lao ng (qun o, li,
Hng ngy b phn ph trch v sinh bo
khu trang...)
h lao ng thu li v git i
Gng tay
Git sch, h kh trc khi mang. Nhng
nc c pha Chlorine 100ppm 1 gi/1ln
Cc xe y vn chuyn sn phm
V sinh trc v sau ca sn xut
My t li
My gt v
My ct khoanh
V sinh bng nc pha Chlorine 100ppm
2gi/1ln. V sinh trc v sau ca sn xut.
Dng cn 700 st trng sau khi tt
Chlorine
My ct nh hnh
V sinh trc v sau ca sn xut bng nc
c pha Chlorine 100ppm v st trng bng
cn 700 sau khi ra, y r v sinh mt ln
My thanh trng
Thay nc trc ca sn xut v b nc
sau khi ngng sn xut trong ngy. Bt c
lc no thy d bng chuyn
My gia nhit s b
V sinh trc v sau ca sn xut, bt c lc
no thy d
My pha dung dch
V sinh trc v sau mi ln pha dung dch
My lm ngui
V sinh trc v sau khi kt thc ngy sn
xut, bt c lc no thy d
Cn s dng
pc-7
Bng 6: Bng tng kt HACCP xy dng

Tn sn phm
HP KHM R QUT
CCP
Tnanh
trng
Mi nguy
Vi sinh vt
Sa qu, Mt khm
gp mt
Gii hn
ti hn
Gii hn ti
hn 960C.
Thi gian 18
pht
Khng st
mt trong
bn thnh
phm
Ci g
Nhit v
thi gian
thanh trng
Mt khm

Cch dng: n lin hoc ch bin vi thc phm khc
Gim st
Hnh ng
sa cha
Cch no
Khi no
Ai
Theo di hai Theo tng l Nhn vin
Khoanh vng
thng s ny hng
phng QA
l hng. Tin
trn ng h
hnh phn
hin th ca
tch mc
ni thanh
nhim vi sinh
trng ng
vt v ti ch
thi kt hp
nu c th
s dng
nht k v
canh ng h
bm giy
kim tra thi
gian
Kim tra cht Theo tng r Nhn
vin Ly mt cn
ch tng r
QA
st ra khi
bn thnh
bn thnh
phm
phm, nhc
nh cng
nhn thuc t
ny
104
BM-GMP-01
BIU GHI NHN X L NGUYN LIU

(Dnh cho sn xut khm)
STT
NGY
GI
BRIX
NNG
CHLORINE
NGM (PPM)
Ghi ch:
Brix: o theo tng l nguyn liu
Nng chlorine: 1 gi kim tra 1 ln
ng knh cc dao: kim tra trc mi ca sn xut

Trng phng Q.A
Ngi kim tra
NG KNH DAO
(CM)
NGOI TRONG
BM-GMP-02
CNG TY DCH V K THUT NNG NGHIP AN GIANG

NH MY RAU QU NG LNH BNH KHNH
BO CO THEO DI
X L CHLORINE TRONG NC CH BIN
(MONITORING CHLORINE TREAMENT INPROCESSING WATER REPORT)
Ngy
(Date)
Phng QA:
(QA Dept)
Thi im kim tra

(Checking time)
Sng
Morning
Chiu
Afternoon
Nng chlorine d
(Odd chlorine
Concentration)
Sng
Chiu
Morning
Afternoon
nh gi chung
(Result)
t
Acceptable
Khng t
Unacceptable
Tun (Week)
Thng....nm....
(Month).....(year).....
Hnh ng sa cha
(Corrective action)
Ngi kim tra

(Inspector)
Yu cu: (Requirement):
BM-QA-11
+ Tn sut ghi chp: 02 ln mi ngy vo u ca sn xut (Checking frequency, recording: 02 times/day and at begining of shift)
+ Ghi X vo ct t hay Khng t (Write X in column Acceptable or Unacceptable)
+ Thi im kim tra phi ghi r gi/pht (Checking time must be write hour/minute)
Ghi ch
(Notes)
BM-GMP-03
BNG KIM TRA CHT LNG BN THNH PHM
BM-QA-33Abk
(QUALITY CONTROL SEMI PRODUCT SHEET)

PRODUCT:PINEAPPLE
TIDBITS.............
Rings:........../............mm
cut:................................
Thickness
Width
Length
SENSORY
Appearance
Flavour/ordour
SEMI-PRODUCT
Width
Thickness
Length
pcs with skin
Brownish spot
Clumps (3pieces)
Light color
White color
Broken pic
Inferior cutting
Brix
Core
Foreign body
Chlorine
Remarks
Gim c
(Manager)
SN PHM KHM......
ng knh:...../......mm
nh hnh:......................
Dy ................mm
Rng ...............mm
Di..................mm
CM QUAN
S biu hin tng qut
Mi v
BN THNH PHM
Rng<........mm
Rng>........mm
Dy<..........mm
Dy>..........mm
Di<...........mm
Di>...........mm
St v
St mt
ng cc (3 ming)
Mu nht
Mu trng
Ming vn
Ct khng chun
Nng ng
St li (>3mm)
Tp cht
Nng chlorine (PPM)
Ghi ch
Ngy................................................
Gi bt u (starting)..............
(Date)...............................................
Gi kt thc (Finishing):........
S lng cng nhn (Number of worker):...........................................
Ca sn xut (Shift):..........
L (Lot)
Dung sai
(Tolerances)
Good
Good
Max..........%
Max..........%
Max..........%
Max..........%
Max..........%
Max..........%
Max..........pcs/kg
Max..........pcs/kg
Max..........%
Max..........%
Max..........%
Max..........%
Max..........%
120-160
Max..........%
0
Phng QA
(Q.A Department)
Phn xng sn xut

(Processing work shop)
Nhn vin kim tra

(Inspector)
BM-GMP-04
KIM TRA C TNH VT L SN PHM

Ngy. thng..nm..
Tn sn phm
Qui cch: k.mm; L..mm; T..mm; W..mm
STT L
T
W
L
T
W
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
T l sai qui cch: L>..mm:
%
T>..mm:
L<..mm:
%
T<..mm:
Phng QA
Phn xng sn xut
%
%
W>..mm:
W<..mm:
Ghi Ch
L: di
T: dy
W: rng
%
%
Nhn vin kim tra
BM-GMP-05
S hiu: BM-QA-23
Ln ban hnh 01
PHIU KIM TRA CN
Logo
(Weight scale monitoring)

Ngy
Gi
Loi cn
TRNG PHNG Q.A
M s
Kt qu
Ghi ch
- Tn s kim tra: u ca
- Nu cn chun: k hiu
()
- Nu cn khng chun
k hiu (o)
- Cn khng chun
c ho chun: k hiu
()
NHN VIN KIM TRA
BM-GMP-05
S hiu: BM-QA-23
Ln ban hnh 01
PHIU KIM TRA CN
Logo
(Weight scale monitoring)

Ngy
Gi
Loi cn
TRNG PHNG Q.A
M s
Kt qu
Ghi ch
- Tn s kim tra: u ca
- Nu cn chun: k hiu
()
- Nu cn khng chun
k hiu (o)
- Cn khng chun
c ho chun: k hiu
()
NHN VIN KIM TRA
BM-GMP-06
BM-QA-02L
Ln ban hnh 01
BIU KIM TRA QU TRNH NG LON

Ngy ..Thng ..Nm 200
Tn sn phm:.L s :
STT
GI
KIM
TRA
TNH TRNG V SINH

DNG C
Trng phng QA
THIT B
Dy chuyn s:..
Loi lon s:....
TRNG LNG V LON (g)
SN PHM
NC RT
Phn xng trng
Tn sut kim: kim trn tng l hng (tng ng 2 st thanh trng)
THI GIAN CH THANH TRNG

GHP M XONG BT U THANH
LC
TRNG LC
GHI CH
Nhn vin kim tra
BM-GMP-07
BIU THEO DI PHA DUNG DCH SN PHM HP

Ngy..
STT
SN PHM
C LON
NG
NGUYN LIU (%)
NG
DUNG DCH (%)
MUI
DUNG DCH (%)
PH
DUNG DCH (%)
LNG DUNG
DCH PHA (Lt)
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
Qui nh: Tn sut kim tra mi ln pha dung dch
Gim c nh my
Phng QA
Nhn vin kim tra
GHI
CH
BM-GMP-08
BM-QA-03L
Ln ban hnh: 01
BIU KIM TRA NHIT BI KH

Ngy ..Thng..Nm 200
Loi lon s:.
STT G KIM NG H 1
TRA
(0C)
Trng phng QA
NG H 2
(0C)
Sn phm:
Dy chuyn s
NHIT TM HNH NG KHC
SN PHM
PHC
Phn xng trng
Nhn vin kim tra
BM-GMP-09
BM-QA-05L
Ln ban hnh 01
BIU KIMTRA M GHP LON

(Khng ph mu)
Ngy..Thng ..Nm 200
Loi lon s:.
GI
KIM TRA
RNG
(mm)
W
Trng Phng QA
Sn phm:.
CH TIU KIM TRA

CAO
DY TRN
M LON
(cm)
(mm)
(mm)
H
S
A
B
Phn Xng Trng
GHI CH
( try xc Cm Quan)
Nhn Vin Kim Tra
BM-GMP-10
BM-QA-04L
Ln ban hnh 01
BIU KIM TRA M GHP LON

(Ph mu)
Ngy ..Thng..Nm 200
MY LOI GI
GHP LON KIM RNG
TRA
mm
(W)
Trng Phng QA
DI
M
HP
mm
(BH)
CC CH TIU KIM TRA

DI
TRY
M CHP NHN
XC
NP
M
mm mm %
mm
(CH) (OL)
(WR)
1
2
3
4
Phn Xng Trng
Nhn Vin Kim Tra
BM-GMP-11
BM-QA-06L
Ln ban hnh 01
BNG GHI NHN QU TRNH THANH TRNG H

Ngy ..Thng ..Nm 200
NGUN GC L HNG
NI
THANH
TRNG
S
TN SN
PHM
Trng phng QA
L S
C LON
S
LNG
(LON)
THI GIAN V
NHIT THANH
TRNG
THI
NHIT
GIAN
(Pht)
(0C)
Phn xng trng
THI GIAN NHIT

THI
GIAN
(Pht)
NHIT
(0C)
NGI
CHU
TRCH
NHIM
NGI
GIM
ST
(QA)
GHI CH
T trng t ni p lc
BM-GMP-12
Cty Dch V K Thut Nng Nghip An Giang
Nh My Rau Qu ng Lnh Bnh Khnh
S:..
Kim tra theo cng vn s 449/DVNN
ngy 07/09/04 ca Gim c Cng ty
Cng Ho X Hi Ch Ngha Vit Nam

c lp - T do - Hnh phc
Bnh Khnh, ngy thng ..nm.
BIN BN KIM TRA CC CNG ON SN XUT CA PHN XNG NG HP

Ca.tgi n ...gi, kim tra lc..gi, Tn hng..Lon s
TNH TRNG
STT
CNG ON KIM TRA
L DO KHNG T
BIN PHP KHC PHC
T
KHNG T
1
V sinh lon rng
2
Cht lng bn thnh phm
3
Rt dung dch
4
M ghp ca lon
5
Thanh trng
6
Lm ngui
7
Lau kh, lau du lon
8
Xp lon trn pallet
9
Sn phm b mp do rt
10
Cc kim tra khc
Nhng kin ngh ca cc thnh vin d kim tra............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Nhn vin QA
Phn xng trng
T trng sn xut
kin ca Ph gim c Nh my
H tn:
H tn:
H tn:..
..
Cng nhn thc hin khng t Cng nhn thc hin khng t Cng nhn thc hin khng t ..
Ni gi:
H tn:.
H tn:
H tn:..
..
- G cng ty
..
(thay bo co)
..
- PG nh my
( ch o)
- Phng QA
(Lu h s)
- PX ng hp
(Lu h s)
BM-GMP-13
BM-QA-07L
LN BAN HNH: 01
BNG KIMTRA CHT LNG THNH PHM NG LON

NGY:........./............/200...
LON S :............................
CH TIU
YU CU
I - Ch tiu cm quan
1/ Biu hin bn ngoi:
- Tnh trng lon
Khng st g/khng mo m
- chn khng
Khng b ph np
- Dn nhn
Khng b st/xoay
2/ Cht lng bn trong
- trong ca dung dch Khng b kt ta, khng si
bt kh
- Mu sc sn phm
Mu sng ca sn phm
- Mi v sn phm
C c trng ca sn phm
II - Ch tiu kim
nghim:
1/ Nng dung dch:
Theo tiu chun ca tng
loi sn phm
- ng (Brix)
- mn (Bm)
- pH
2/ V sinh:
- E.coli
- Clostridium botulium
- Vi khun k kh (H2S)
Trng phng Q.A
TN SN PHM:.........
LOI LON:....................
L S
Phn xng trng
Nhn vin kim tra
BM-GMP-14
BIU MU THEO DI MU LU THNH PHM NG LON

(THEO PHNG PHP NH GI CM QUAN BN NGOI KHNG PH MU)
STT
SN
PHM
C LON
NGY
SN NHP
XUT KHO
S MU
LU
NGY
KIM TRALI (THNG/LN)

LN..
LN..
BT MP ST PH NGY BT MP
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
GIM C NH MY
PHNG QA
NGI KIM TRA
GHI CH
ST
PH
BM-GMP-01
BM-QA-01L
Ln ban hnh 01
BIU KIM TRA CHT LNG NC NG LON

Ngy ..Thng..Nm 200
G
STT
KIM
VI NC ION S
TRA
NNG ION (PPM)
GHI CH
Tn sut kim tra: u mi ca sn xut v trc khi pha dung dch

Trng phng QA
Phn xng trng
Nhn vin kim tra
BM-SSOP-02
CNG TY DCH V K THUT NNG NGHIP AN GIANG

NH MY RAU QU NG LNH BNH KHNH
THM TRA V SINH DNG C THIT B
NH XNG, SP XP DNG C
(EQUIPMENT TOOLS, WORKSHOP SANITATION,
TOOL ARRANGING VERIFICATION REPORT
Hng mc
Itema
STT
No
Khu vc
Area
Ngy sn xut:
(Date of production)
Thi im kim tra:

(Time of checking)
Xng sn xut:
(Production section)
Loi sn phm:
(Kind of product)
Nn, cng
Floor, Drain
Trn, tng
Ceiling, Wall
Bn ch bin
Processing
table
Dng c ch
bin
Processing
tool
t
Good
t
Good
t
Good
t
Good
K.t
Bad
K.t
Bad
K.t
Bad
Ngi gim st
(Supervisor)
Yu cu: Tn sut kim tra, bo co: 01 ln ngu nhin/ngy.
Require: Frequency of checking, recording: 01 random times/day
K.t
Bad
Thit b
Equipment
t
Good
K.t
Bad
Sp xp dng
c
Tools
arranging
t
Good
K.t
Bad
Nhn xt,
hnh ng sa cha
Remarks
Corrective action
Ngy (Date)
Ngi thm tra (Verifier)
BM-QA-17
Xp
hng
Grade

Bui Thi Minh Phuong

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TRNG I HC AN GIANG

KHOA NNG NGHIP TI NGUYN THIN NHIN

KHO ST QUY TRNH SN XUT HP KHM

LUN VN TT NGHIP K S NGNH CNG NGH THC PHM

GIO VIN HNG DN

KHO ST QUY TRNH SN XUT HP KHM

LUN VN TT NGHIP K S NGNH CNG NGH THC PHM

GIO VIN HNG DN

KHO ST QUY TRNH SN XUT HP KHM

Do sinh vin: BI TH MINH PHNG thc hin v np

Long xuyn, ngy ......thng .......nm 200...

Ths. Nhan Minh Tr

Hi ng chm lun vn tt nghip chp nhn lun vn nh km vi tn ti:

KHO ST QUY TRNH SN XUT HP KHM R QUT

Do sinh vin: BI TH MINH PHNG

H v tn: Bi Th Minh Phng

a ch: 290/6 L Thi T - M Long Long Xuyn An Giang

Vn chuyn, phn phi.

Xy dng hai chng trnh tin quyt GMP v SSOP

- SSOP: xy dng 9 SSOP v cc lnh vc nh: an ton ngun nc, cc

2.1 Gii thiu HACCP....................................................................................3

Mi quan h gia HACCP, GMP, SSOP.............................................. 10

2.3.1 Quy phm sn xut (GMP)....................................................................10

Gii thiu v khm v k thut sn xut hp................................... 23

2.4.1 Ngun gc............................................................................................. 23

2.5.1 Cc vt liu ch to hp st.............................................................. 24

4.5.3 SSOP-03: Ngn nga s nhim cho.................................................... 74

DANH SCH BNG

Bng lit k mi nguy....................................................................90

Bng xc nh cc CCP............................................................... 100

Bng tng kt HACCP xy dng............................................104

DANH SCH HNH

S cc bc thc hin v nguyn tc ca h thng HACCP..... 13

Nh my rau qu ng lnh Bnh Khnh.........................................34

Mt s sn phm rau qu do nh my sn xut............................... 35

S ch bin Khm r qut...........................................................44

Tip nhn nguyn liu..................................................................... 49

Ngm Chlorine ln 1.......................................................................51

Ngm Chlorine ln 2......................................................................53

Gia nhit s b...............................................................................61

ng date, lau du......................................................................... 66

hp khm r qut l mt dng hp qu nc ng hay compot l

1.2 Mc tiu nghin cu

CHNG 2 LC KHO TI LIU

- Rt hiu qu khi kim sot cc mi nguy ngoi an ton thc phm

- Phn tch mi nguy: l qu trnh thu thp, nh gi thng tin v cc

- Hnh ng sa cha: cc th tc c thc hin khi gii hn ti hn

- S quy trnh cng ngh ch bin sn phm

2.2. Nhng iu kin tin quyt cho vic p dng HACCP ti x

- Thun tin lm v sinh v kh trng

- C h thng x l nc thi v hot ng tt, khng gy nhim mi

Yu cu v dng c lm v sinh v kh trng

- C ring cho tng i tng (b mt tip xc hay khng tip xc trc

2.3. Mi quan h gia HACCP, GMP, SSOP

Bng 1: Ni dung ca GMP

Ngy ban hnh_ thng _ nm_

( Theo 28 TCN 129:1998)

Hnh thc v ni dung SSOP c trnh by nh sau:

( Theo 28 TCN 129:1998)

Thm nh thc t s dy chuyn sn xut

Lit k cc mi nguy tim n, phn tch

Thit lp cc ngng ti hn cho tng CCP

Thit lp h thng gim st cho tng CCP