Ôn Thi HSG THPT

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CHUYN N THI HC SINH GII LP 12

Bi 1: (HSG B Sng Cu Long)
a. Tm thi gian ti thiu mt vn ng vin li mt vt qua mt khc quanh c di bng 1/3
ng trn bn knh R. Cho h s ma st ngh gia bnh xe v mt ng l , mt ng c lm
nghing mt gc o so vi mt phng nm ngang.
b. Tnh cng sut gii hn ca ng c lc y. Coi cc bnh xe u l bnh pht ng.
Gii
a.
msn
ma P R P N F = + = + + (1)
Chiu ln Oy:
0 sin cos
msn
mg F N o o = +

cos sin sin
cos sin
msn
mg N F N
mg
N
o o o
o o
+ = s
s
(2)
Chiu ln Ox:
2
max
cos sin cos sin
msn
mV
F N N N
R
o o o o = + s +
(3)
T (2) v (3)
( ) ( )
max
1 1
gR tg gR tg
V V
tg tg
o o
o o
+ +
s =

Vy vn ng vin chy u vi tc ti a, ta c tmin l:

( )
( )
( )
min
max
1
2 1 2
3 3
R tg
s R tg
t
V gR tg g tg
o
t o t
o o
= = =
+ +

b. Ta c: P = F.V
Pmax khi :
max
max
msn
F F N
V V
= =

( )
max
cos sin 1
gR tg
mg
P
tg
o
o o o
+
=

Bi 4: (Dao ng iu ha). T im A trong lng mt ci chn trn M
t trn mt sn phng nm ngang, ngi ta th mt vt m nh (hnh v).
Vt m chuyn ng trong mt phng thng ng, n B th quay li. B
qua ma st gia chn M v m.
a.Tm thi gian m chuyn ng t A n B. Bit A cch im gia I
ca chn mt khong rt ngn so vi bn knh R. Chn ng yn.
b. Tnh h s ma st ngh gia chn v sn.
Gii
a. Ta c: ma P N = +
* Chiu ln phng tip tuyn:

sin
t
x
ma P mg
R
o = ~

" 2
0 x x e + =
Vi:
2
g
R
e =
T cho thy m dao ng iu ho, thi gian i t A n B l
1
2
chu k dao ng.
2
T R
t
g
t A = =

b. Chn ng yn nn:
'
0
M M msn
P N N F + + + = (1)
N
R
P
F
ms
n
R
o
O
x
y
m
I
M
A
N
M
F
msn
P
M

N
'
N
O
O
y
x
o
* Chiu (1) ln phng Oy:
'
cos 0
M M
P N N o + = Vi N' = N (2)
gc lch o, Vi m c:
( )
2 2
2 2
0 0
cos cos
cos cos
2 2
mV mV
N mg N mg
R R
mV mV
mgh mgh mgR
o o
o o

= = +

+ = =

( )
0
3cos 2cos N mg o o =
(3)
T (2) v (3) ta c: ( )
0
cos 3cos 2cos
M
N Mg mg o o o = + (4)

* Chiu (1) ln Ox:
'
sin 0 sin
msn msn
N F N F N o o = = s

max
min
( sin ) sin
( )
M M
N N
N N
o o
> >

( )
( )
0
0
sin 3cos 2cos sin
cos 3cos 2cos
M
N mg
N Mg mg
o o o o
o o o
=
= +
(o
0
b; o s o
0
)
( )
min
max
sin ;( )
M
N N o khi o = o
0

Vy:
( )
2
sin 2
2 cos
m
M m
o
o
>
+

Cu 4:(HSG Kin Giang): Ba qu cu c th trt khng ma st trn mt thanh cng,mnh nm
ngang.Bit khi lng 2 qu cu 1 v 2 l
1 2
m m m = =
;l xo c cng K v khi lng khng ng
k.Qu cu 3 c khi lng
3
2
m
m = .Lc u 2 qu cu 1,2 ng yn,l xo c di t nhin
0
l .Truyn
cho
3
m
vn tc
0
v
n va chm n hi vo qu cu 1. Sau va
chm,khi tm G cu cc qu cu 1,2 chuyn ng nh th no?Tm
vn tc cu G.Chng minh rng hai qu cu 1 v 2 dao ng iu ho
ngc pha quanh v tr c nh i vi G.Tm chu k v bin dao ng cu cc vt.
P N
a.Chuyn ng cu khi tm G:
V qu cu 3 va chm n hi vi qu cu 1 v h kn nn ng lng(theo phng ngang) v ng
nng c bo ton.Gi
1 3
, v v
l vn tc qu cu 1 v 3 sau va chm,ta c:

0 1 3
2 2
m m
v mv v = + (1)
2 2 2
0 3 1
2 2 2 2 2
v v mv m m
= + (2)
2 2
3 0 3 0
3 2 v v v v (3)
(3) c nghim
3 0
v v = (loi v v l) v
0
3
3
v
v = (4) a (4) vo (1) ta c:
0
1
2
3
v
v =
H hai qu cu 1 v 2 l h c lp nn khi tm G chuyn ng thng u.T to khi tm,ta c :
1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2
1 2 1 2
G
G G
dx m x m x mv m v
x v
m m dt m m
+ +
= = =
+ +
(6)
Sau va chm:
0
1
2
3
v
v = v
2
0 v = nn (6) cho ta:
0 0
1
0
1 2
2 2
3 3
3
G
v v
m m
v
v
m m m m
= = =
+ +
(7)
b.Dao ng cu qu cu 1 v 2
+Chn trc to Ox nm ngang,gc O trng vi khi tm G cu hai qu cu
m
I
M
A
N
M
F
msn
P
MM

N
'
N
O
O
y
x
o
1 2
3
0
v

+Khi l xo cha bin dng,gi
1 2
0 , 0 l v tr cn bng cu hai qu cu.Lc
1 2
, x x l to cu hai
qu cu.To cu khi tm l :

1 1 2 2
1 2
0
G
m x m x
x
m m
+
= =
+
Vi
1 2
m m = th
1 2
2
l
x x = =
Phng trnh chuyn ng cu
1
m m = l:
'
'' ' ''
0
K
mx K x x x
m
= + = (8)
Do khi tm ng yn v lun c
1 2
2
l
x x = = nn ta coi G l ni buc cht cu hai con lc c khi
lng
1 2
, m m v chiu di l xo l
2
l

cng cu l xo t l nghch vi chiu di nn K = 2 K,nn (8) vit l:
''
2
0
K
x x
m
+ =
Tn s gc cu dao ng l :
1
2K
m
e =
Chu k dao ng :
1
1
2
2
2
m
T
K
t
t
e
= =
Tng t,m2 c chu k dao ng :
2
2
2
m
T
K
t =
Hai dao ng ny ngc pha nhau

Vn tc cu qu cu 1 v 2 i vi khi tm:

0 0 0
1 1
2
3 3 3
G G
v v v
v v v = = =

0 0
2 2
0
3 3
G G
v v
v v v = = =

C nng bo ton nn bin dao ng c tnh:

2 2
1 1 0 1
1
2
2 2 3 2
G
mv v KA m
A
K
= =

2 2
2 2 0 2
2
2
2 2 3 2
G
m v v KA m
A
K
= =

Cu 4 : (Tin Giang) Mt hnh tr c ng cht, c trng lng P, bn knh r t
trong mt mt lm bn knh cong R nh hnh v. im trn hnh tr ngi ta gn
hai l xo c cng nh nhau.Tm chu k dao ng nh ca hnh tru vi gi thit
hnh tr ln khng trt . Xt trng hp: khng c l xo, khi mt lm l mt
phng.
Gii:
Gi u l gc quay quanh trc C ca tr,
1
e l vn tc gc ca
chuyn ng quay quanh trc v V l vn tc tnh tin ca trc.

1
v
'
r
e = u =
Mt khc, ta c: ( ) v ' R r = u e ) ( ) ( .
/
1
r R r r R r = =
ng nng: ( ) ( )
2
2 2
2
d 1
mv 1 3
E I m R r '
2 2 4
= + e = vi
2
2
1
mr I =
R
k
r
R
k

u
A
A
B
1

B
C
O
Th nng: ( )
2
2
t
2kx 1
E mg R r
2 2
= + ( ) x r (R r) 2 R r = u+ =
Do :
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 2 2
t
1 mg
E k.4 R r mg R r 4k R r
2 2 R r
(
= + = +
(

C nng: E = E
t
+ E
d
= const . Ly o hm hai v
( )
( )
2
2
3 mg
m ' 4k 0
4 2 R r
(
+ + =
(

( )
( )
mg
4k
2 R r 16k 2g
3
3m 3 R r
m
4
+
e= = +

Vy chu k dao ng T =
m
k
r R
g 16
) ( 3
2
2 2
+
=
t
e
t

Trng hp ring: - Khi k = 0 th
( )
2g
3 R r
e=

- Khi R th :
16k
3m
e=
Bi 4 (HSG Lao Cai): Con lc l xo t thng ng (nh hnh v 4), u di gn cht vo mt sn,
u trn gn vt m
1
= 300g ang ng yn v tr cn bng, cng ca l xo l k = 200 N/m. T
cao h = 3,75cm so vi m
1
, ngi ta th ri t do vt m
2
= 200 g, va chm mm vi m
1
. Sau va chm c
hai vt cng dao ng iu ho theo phng thng ng. Ly g = 10 m/s
2
, b qua mi ma st.
a. Tnh vn tc ca m
1
ngay sau va chm.
b. Hy vit phng trnh dao ng ca h hai vt m
1
v m
2
.
GII
a. Vn tc ca m
2
ngay trc va chm : ) / ( 866 , 0
2
3
2 s m gl v ~ = =
* Xt h hai vt m
1
v m
2
ngay trc v sau va chm, theo nh lut bo ton ng lng ta c :
2
2 1 2 0 0
1 2
. 3
( ). ( / ) 20 3( / )
5
m v
m v m m v v m s cm s
m m
= + = = ~
+

V va chm mm nn ngay sau va chm c hai vt chuyn ng cng vn tc l:
) / ( 3 20
0
s cm v =
b. Chn trc to Ox c gc O trng vi VTCB ca hai vt, chiu dng thng
ng hng ln trn.
Chn gc thi gian l lc hai vt bt u dao ng.

* bin dng ca l xo khi vt m
1
cn bng l :
) ( 5 , 1
1
1
cm
k
g m
l = = A
* bin dng ca l xo khi hai vt cn bng l : ) ( 5 , 2
) (
2 1
2
cm
k
g m m
l =
+
= A
* Tn s gc : ) / ( 20
2 1
s rad
m m
k
=
+
= e
m
1
m
2
h
k
Hnh v
* lc t = 0 ta c :
= =
= =
) / ( 3 20 cos
) ( 1 sin
s cm c A v
cm A x
e

3
1
= tg v 0 sin > v ) (
6
5
0 cos rad
t
= <
Bin dao ng l : ) ( 2
6
5
sin
1
cm A =
|
.
|
\
|
=
t

* Vy phng trnh dao ng l : ) (
6
5
20 sin 2 cm t x |
.
|
\
|
+ =
t

Bi 1 (HSG Lo Cai): Mt gi nh gn trn mt tm g khi lng M t trn bn nhn nm ngang c
treo mt qu cu khi lng m bng si dy di l (hnh v 1). Mt vin n nh khi lng m bay
ngang, xuyn vo qu cu v vng kt .
a. Gi tr nh nht ca vn tc vin n bng bao nhiu si dy quay vng
nu tm g c gi cht.
b. Vn tc s l bao nhiu nu tm g c th t do.
Gii
a. Vn tc ca qu cu v n sau khi va chm l
2
0
V
( vi V
0
l vn tc l vn tc
ca n trc va chm)
* dy quay mt vng, ti im cao nht vn tc ca qu cu l V phi tho
mn :
l
V m
mg T
2
.
= + ( T l lc cng ca dy) Do V = V
min
khi T = 0
l g V .
min
=
* Theo nh lut bo ton c nng, vn tc nh nht V
0
ca n phi tho mn :

2 2
0 min
0
2 2
4 2 5
8 2
mV mV
mgl V gl = + =
b. Vn tc nh nht ca qu cu ti im cao nht ( i vi im treo) l : gl u =
min

* Xt trong HQC gn vi tri t : V
1
= u u
min
( u l vn tc ca vt M )
Ta c : ) 1 )( ( 2 .
'
0
gl u m u M mV + =
Mt khc theo nh lut bo ton c nng :
2 ' 2 2
0
2 ( . ) 2 ( ) .
4 (2)
8 2 2
m u g l m V M u
mgl

= + + * T (1) v (2) ta c : )
8
5 ( 2
'
0
M
m
gl V + =
Cu 4 (ng Thp) Cho c h gm vt M, cc rng rc R
1
, R
2
v dy treo c khi lng
khng ng k, ghp vi nhau nh hnh 1. Cc im A v B c gn c nh vo gi . Vt
M c khi lng m=250(g), c treo bng si dy buc vo trc rng rc R
2
. L xo c
cng k=100 (N/m), khi lng khng ng k, mt u gn vo trc rng rc R
2
, cn u kia
gn vo u si dy vt qua R
1
, R
2
u cn li ca dy buc vo im B. B qua ma st cc
rng rc, coi dy khng dn. Ko vt M xung di v tr cn bng mt on 4(cm) ri bung
ra khng vn tc ban u. Chng minh rng vt M dao ng iu ho v vit phng trnh
dao ng ca vt M .
Gii
- Chn trc Ox thng ng hng xung, gc to O VTCB ca M.
M
m
m
0
V

Hnh v 1

B
A
R1
R2
M

1)- Ti VTCB ca vt M ta c: 0 2
0 0
= + + F T P

hay 0 3
0
= + F P

(1)
- T (1) suy ra: mg=3kl
0
(2)
- Ti v tr vt M c to x bt k ta c: a m F T P

= + + 2 hay a m F P

= +3 (3)
- Chiu (3) ln trc to Ox ta c :
mg - 3k(l
0
+3x) = ma = mx (4)
- T (2) v (4) ta c : 0
9
' ' = + x
m
k
x t
m
k 9
2
= e ta c 0 ' '
2
= + x x e (5)
- Phng trnh (5) c nghim :
x = Acos( ) e + t trong A , e, l nhng hng s
2)- Chn gc thi gian l lc th vt. Ti thi im t =0 ta c:
4 = Acos
0 = -e Asin .
suy ra A = 4 (cm) v = 0 = =
m
k 9
e 60(rad/s)
Vy phng trnh dao ng l x = 4cos 60 t (cm)
Bi 1 (HSG Lo Cai 06-07): Mt vt A chuyn ng vi vn tc v
0
n va chm
hon ton n hi vi vt B ang ng yn ti C. Sau va chm vt B chuyn
ng trn mng trn ng knh CD = 2R. Mt tm phng (E) t vung gc vi
CD ti tm O ca mng trn. Bit khi lng ca hai vt l bng nhau. B qua
mi ma st. (Hnh v 1)
1. Xc nh vn tc ca vt B ti M m vt bt u ri khi mng.
2. Bit Rg v 5 , 3
0
= . Hi vt B c th ri vo tm (E) khng ? Nu c hy xc
nh v tr ca vt trn tm (E).
Gii
1. V va chm n hi, khi lng hai vt bng nhau nn sau va chm vt B c/ vi
vn tc v
0
cn vt A ng yn.
* nh lut bo ton c nng ( chn gc ...)
) sin 1 (
2 2
2 2
0
o + + = mgR
mv mv
) sin 1 ( 2
2
0
2
o + = gR v v (1)
* nh lut II N:
R
mv
N mg
2
sin = + o
* Khi vt ri mng th N = 0
Rg
Rg v
3
2
sin
2
0

= o (2)
* Vn tc ca vt B khi bt u ri mng: Thay (2) vo (1) ta c :
3
2
2
0
Rg v
v

=
2. Khi Rg v 5 , 3
0
= t (2) v tr vt ri mng c
0
30
2
1
sin = = o o . Vn tc ca vt lc :
2
2
Rg
v =
* Khi ri mng vt c/ ging nh vt b nm xin vi vn tc ban u l v.
Chn trc to ...
* phng trnh c/ ca vt :
o o cos ) sin ( R t v x =
2
2
1
) cos ( sin gt t v R y + + = o o
B
A
R
1
R
2
M
P
T
T F
D
A B
C
(E)
0
v

O
Hnh v 1
D
B
C
(E)
O
Hnh v 1
P

* vt ri vo vo tm (E) th : 0 > x v y =0. Vi 0 > x
g
R
t
6
> (*)
Vi y = 0 gii phng trnh c t
1
< 0 (**) So snh (*) v (**) thy vt B khng ri vo tm (E)
Bi 4 (HSG Lo Cai 06-07): Cho h dao ng nh hnh v 4. L xo c khi lng khng ng k,
cng k. Vt M = 400g c th trt khng ma st trn mt phng nm ngang. H ang trng thi cn
bng, dng vt m
0
= 100g bn vo M theo phng ngang vi vn tc v
0
= 1m/s, va chm l hon ton
n hi. Sau va chm vt M dao ng iu ho, chiu di cc i v cc tiu ca ca l xo ln lt l
28cm v 20cm.
1. Tnh chu k dao ng ca vt v cng ca l xo.
2. t mt vt m = 100g ln trn vt M, h gm hai vt m v M ang ng yn, vn dng vt m
0
bn
vo vi vn tc v
0
. Va chm l hon ton n hi, sau va chm ta thy c hai vt cng dao ng iu
ho. Vit phng trnh dao ng ca h hai vt m v M. Chn gc to v tr cn bng v gc thi
gian l lc bt u va chm. Xc nh chiu v ln ca lc n hi cc i, cc tiu m l xo tc
dng vo im c nh I trong qu trnh h hai vt dao ng.
3. Cho bit h s ma st gia vt M v vt m l = 0,4. Hi vn tc v
0
ca vt m
0
phi nh hn gi
tr bng bao nhiu vt m vn ng yn (khng b trt) trn vt M trong khi h dao ng. Cho g =
10m/s
2
.
Gii
1. Va chm n hi nn ng lng v ng nng c bo ton
Ta c : MV v m v m + =
0 0 0
(1)
2 2 2
2
0
2
0 0
MV v m v m
+ = (2)
Vi v , V ln lt l vn tc ca cc vt m
0
v M ngay sau va chm
* Gii h (1), (2) c : ) / ( 40 ) / ( 4 , 0
2
0
0 0
s cm s m
M m
v m
V = =
+
=
* Sau v/c vt M dao ng iu ho, vn tc cc i ca vt l V = 40(cm/s)
Bin dao ng l :
2
min max
l l
A

= = 4(cm) Ta c: V = A. e ) / ( 10 s rad
A
V
= = e => chu k ca dao
ng l: T = ) (
5
s
t
cng ca l xo : ) / ( 40 .
2
m N M k = = e .
2.
a. Va chm n hi nn ng lng v ng nng c bo ton
Ta c :
h
V m M v m v m ) (
1 0 0 0
+ + = (3)
2
) (
2 2
2 2
1 0
2
0 0 h
V m M v m v m +
+ = (4)
Vi v
1
, V
h
ln lt l vn tc ca cc vt m
0
v (M + m) ngay sau va chm
* Gii h (3), (4) c : ) / (
3
100 2
0
0 0
s cm
m M m
v m
V
h
=
+ +
=
* Sau v/c vt (M + m) dao ng iu ho nn phng trnh dao ng c dng ) sin( e + = t A x .
Vn tc cc i ca h vt l : V
h
=
3
100
(cm/s).
Tn s gc : ) / ( 5 4 s rad
m M
k
=
+
= e
Chn trc to c gc trng VTCB, chiu dng cng hng
0
v
.
M
m
0
0
v

I k
Hnh v
Lc t = 0 ta c :
=
=
h
V A
A
e

cos
0 sin
= =
=
>
=
) / ( 73 , 3
cos .
0
0 cos
0 sin
s cm
V
A
h
e

* Vy phng trnh dao ng ca vt l : ) )( 5 4 sin( 73 , 3 cm t x =
b. * Ti cc v tr bin lc n hi ca l xo tc dng vo im c nh l ln nht ta c
) ( 492 , 1 10 . 73 , 3 . 40 .
2
max
N A k F = = =

Ti v tr bin bn tri lc n hi hng sang bn phi
Ti v tr bin bn phi lc n hi hng sang bn tri
* Ti VTCB lc n hi ca l xo c gi tr nh nht : F
min
= 0.
3. vt m khng b trt trn M trong qu trnh dao ng th lc ma st ngh cc i phi c gi tr >
gi tr ca lc qun tnh cc i tc dng ln vt m (Xt trong h quy chiu gn vi vt M) :
(max) (max) qt msn
F F > (*)
* Ta c :
Lc ma st ngh C : mg N F
msn
= = .
(max)

Lc qun tnh : | | ) sin( .
2
e e + = = t A m a m F
qt

lc qun tnh t cc i th A m F t
qt
2
(max)
. 1 ) sin( e e = = +
* T biu thc (*) ta c :
2
2
e
e
g
A A m mg s >
* Mt khc:
( )e e e M m m
v m V V
A
h
+ +
= = =
0
0 0 max
2

( )
( )
) / ( 34 , 1
2
2
0
0
0
2
0
0 0
s m
m
M m m g
v
g
M m m
v m
=
+ +
s s
+ +
e

Vy v
0 ) / ( 34 , 1 s m s
th vt m khng b trt trn vt M trong qu trnh h dao ng.
Cu 4 (HSG Hu Giang) . Mt con lc n c chiu di l thc hin dao ng iu ho trn mt chic
xe ang ln t do xung dc khng ma st. Dc nghing mt gc o so vi phng nm ngang.
a) Chng minh rng: V tr cn bng ca con lc l v tr c dy treo vung gc vi mt dc.
b) Tm biu thc tnh chu k dao ng ca con lc. p dng bng s l =1,73 m; o =30
0
; g = 9,8 m/s
2
.
p n

+ Gia tc chuyn ng xung dc ca xe l a = gsino.
Xt h quy chiu gn vi xe
+ Tc dng ln con lc ti mt thi im no c 3 lc:
Trng lng P,
lc qun tnh F
v sc cng T ca dy treo.
Ti v tr cn bng
Ta c: 0 T F P = + +

+ Chiu phng trnh trn xung phng OX song song vi mt dc ta c: Psino - F + T
X
= 0
M F = ma = mgsino
suy ra T
X
= 0.
iu ny chng t v tr cn bng dy treo con lc vung gc vi Ox
+ V tr cn bng nh trn th trng lc biu kin ca con lc l :
P' = Pcoso. Tc l gia tc biu kin l g' = gcoso.
+ Vy chu k dao ng ca con lc s l T = 2t
'
l
g
= 2t
cos
l
g o
~ 2,83 (s).
T
F
P
o
x
Bi 1 HSG Lo Cai 08-09 Buc vo hai u mt si dy di 2l hai qu cu nh A v
B ging nhau c cng khi lng m, chnh gia si dy gn mt qu cu nh khc
khi lng M. t ba qu cu ng yn trn mt bn nm ngang nhn, dy c ko
cng.(Hnh v 1)
Truyn tc thi cho vt M mt vn tc
0
V theo phng vung gc vi dy. Tnh
lc cng ca dy khi hai qu cu A v B sp p vo nhau.
Gii

H kn ng lng bo ton
0 1 2
MV mv mv Mv = + +
0 1 2
1 2
0
y y M
x x
MV mv mv Mv
mv mv
= + +
= +

Ta lun c:
1 2 1 2
;
y y x x
v v v v = =
Khi hai qu cu sp p vo nhau:

1 2 y y M y
v v v v = = =
0
2
y
MV
v
m M
=
+

p dng nh lut bo ton nng lng:
2 2 2 2
0
1 1 1 1
2 2
2 2 2 2
y x y
MV mv mv Mv = + + (
x
v ln vn tc ca hai qu cu A,B lc chng sp p vo
nhau)
2
2 0
2
x
mMV
mv
m M
=
+
Gia tc ca qu cu M:
2T
a
M
=
Trong h quy chiu gn vi M hai qu cu m chuyn ng trn p dng nh lut 2 Niutn, chiu
xung phng Oy:
2
x
q
v
T F m
l
+ =
2
0
2
(2 )
mMV T
T m
M l m M
+ =
+
Lc cng ca dy khi :
2 2
0
2
(2 )
mM V
T
l m M
=
+

Bi 2 (HSG Lo Cai 08-09) Mt l xo l tng treo thng ng, u trn ca l xo c gi c nh,
u di treo mt vt nh c khi lng m = 100g, l xo c cng k = 25N/m. T v tr cn bng
nng vt ln theo phng thng ng mt on 2cm ri truyn cho vt vn tc 3 10t cm/s theo phng
thng ng, chiu hng xung di. Chn gc thi gian l lc truyn vn tc cho vt, chn trc ta
c gc trng v tr cn bng ca vt, chiu dng thng ng xung di. Cho g = 10m/s
2
; 10
2
~ t .
1. Chng minh vt dao ng iu ha v vit phng trnh dao ng ca vt.
2. Xc nh thi im lc vt qua v tr m l xo b gin 6cm ln th hai. Xc nh hng v ln
ca lc tc dng ln im treo ti thi im .
Gii
1. Chng minh vt dao ng iu ha
* Vit phng trnh dao ng ca vt:
Ti VTCB: 4 = Al (cm) Tn s gc: t e 5 = (rad/s). Ti thi im t = 0 ta c:

= =
= =
) / ( 3 10 sin
) ( 2 cos
s cm A v
cm A x
t e

V
3
2
3 tan ; 0 cos ; 0 sin
t
= = < < (rad) Bin dao ng : A = 4 (cm)
2 y
v
T T
T
T
1y
v
v
T T
T
1y
v
1x
v
T
2 y
v
2x
v
O
x
y
Hnh v 1
0
V
B
A
M
Vy phng trnh dao ng ca vt l: |
.
|
\
|
=
3
2
5 cos 4
t
tt x
(cm)
2. Khi vt qua v tr m l xo b gin 6cm ln th hai th vt c li x = 2cm v chuyn ng theo
chiu m ca trc ta .
Ta c:
> |
.
|
\
|

= |
.
|
\
|

0
3
2
5 sin
2
1
3
2
5 cos
t
t
t
t
t
t
Gii h phng trnh (ly gi tr nh nht) c kt qu: 2 , 0 = t (s)
* Xc nh hng v ln ca lc tc dng ln im treo ti thi im :
- Hng: Phng thng ng, chiu t trn xung di.
- ln: 5 , 1 10 . 6 . 25
2
1
= = A =

l k F (N)
Cu 1: Hai vt 1 v 2 u c khi lng
bng m gn cht vo l xo c di l, cng
k ng yn trn mt bn nm ngang tuyt i nhn.
Vt th 3 cng c khi lng m chuyn ng
vi vn tc v n va chm hon ton n hi vi vt 1
(xem hnh 1)
1. Chng t hai vt m
1
v m
2
lun chuyn ng v cng mt pha.
2. Tm vn tc ca hai vt 1 v 2 v khong cch gia chng vo thi im l xo bin dng ln nht.
Gii
Ngay sau lc va chm vt 1 c vn tc v (l xo cha bin dng, vn tc vt 2 bng khng). Gi v
1
,
v
2
l vn tc vt1,vt2 vo thi im sau va chm ca vt 3 vo 1 la v
1,
v
2
. bin dng l k
0
l x.
+ nh lut bo ton ng lng:

mv = mv
1
+ mv
2
. v = v
1
+ v
2
(1)
+ nh lut bo ton c nng:
2
1
mv
2
=
2
1
2
1
mv +
2
2
2
1
mv +
2
2
1
kx

2
2 1
2
2
) ( v v v
m
kx
+ = (2). T (1) va
(2):
m
kx
2
2
= v
1
v
2
(3) v
m
kx
2
2
> 0 v
1
v
2
> 0 : tc l v
1
v v
2
cng du ngha l sau khi va chm
hai vt 1 v 2 lun chuyn ng v cng mt pha.
2) v
1
+ v
2
= v = const. Suy ra tch v
1
v
2
cc i khi v
1
= v
2
=
2
v
ngha l
m
kx
2
2
cc i
lc :
4
2
v
=
m
kx
2
2
max
x
max
= v
k
m
2
l xo bin dng ln nht khi v
1
= v
2
=
2
v
lc ny khong
cch gia vt 1 v vt 2 l: l
12
=
k
m
v l x l
2
max
=
Bi 2(HSG Ngh An 07-08) Vt nng c khi lng m nm trn mt mt
phng nhn nm ngang, c ni vi mt l xo c cng k, l xo c gn
vo bc tng ng ti im A nh hnh 2a. T mt thi im no , vt
nng bt u chu tc dng ca mt lc khng i F hng theo trc l xo nh
hnh v.
a) Hy tm qung ng m vt nng i c v thi gian vt i ht qung ng y k t khi bt
u tc dng lc cho n khi vt dng li ln th nht.
b) Nu l xo khng khng gn vo im A m c ni vi mt vt
khi lng M nh hnh 2b, h s ma st gia M v mt ngang l . Hy xc
nh ln ca lc F sau vt m dao ng iu ha.
GII
F
m
k
Hnh 2a
A
F
m
k
Hnh 2b
M
3
2
1
v
a) Chn trc ta hng dc theo trc l xo, gc ta trng vo v tr
cn bng ca vt sau khi c lc F tc dng nh hnh 1. Khi , v tr ban
u ca vt c ta l x
0
. Ti v tr cn bng, l xo b bin dng mt lng
x
0
v:
.
0 0
k
F
x kx F = =
Ti ta x bt k th bin dng ca l xo l (xx
0
), nn hp lc tc dng ln vt l:
. ) (
0
ma F x x k = +
Thay biu thc ca x
0
vo, ta nhn c:
. 0 "
2
= + = = +
|
.
|
\
|
+ x x ma kx ma F
k
F
x k e
Trong m k = e . Nghim ca phng trnh ny l: ). sin( e + = t A x
Nh vy vt dao ng iu ha vi chu k
k
m
T t 2 = . Thi gian k t khi tc dng lc F ln vt
n khi vt dng li ln th nht (ti ly cc i pha bn phi) r rng l bng 1/2 chu k dao ng,
vt thi gian l:
.
2 k
m T
t t = =
Khi t=0 th:
0 cos
, sin
= =
= =
e
A v
k
F
A x

=
=
.
2
,
t
k
F
A

Vy vt dao ng vi bin F/k, thi gian t khi vt chu tc dng ca lc F n khi vt dng li
ln th nht l T/2 v n i c qung ng bng 2 ln bin dao ng. Do , qung ng vt i
c trong thi gian ny l:
.
2
2
k
F
A S = =
b) Theo cu a) th bin dao ng l .
k
F
A = sau khi tc dng lc, vt m dao ng iu ha
th trong qu trnh chuyn ng ca m, M phi nm yn. Lc n hi tc dng ln M t ln cc i
khi bin dng ca l xo t cc i khi vt m xa M nht (khi l xo gin nhiu nht v bng:
A A x 2
0
= + ).
vt M khng b trt th lc n hi cc i khng c vt qu ln ca ma st ngh cc
i:
. . 2 . 2 . Mg
k
F
k Mg A k < <
T suy ra iu kin ca ln lc F: .
2
mg
F

<
Bi 3. HSG Ngh AN 07-08. Hai ngun sng kt hp S
1
v S
2
cch nhau 2m dao ng iu ha cng
pha, pht ra hai sng c bc sng 1m. Mt im A nm khong cch l k t S
1
v AS
1
S
1
S
2
.
a)Tnh gi tr cc i ca l ti A c c cc i ca giao thoa.
b)Tnh gi tr ca l ti A c c cc tiu ca giao thoa.

F
m
k
Hnh 1
O
x
0
a) iu kin ti A c cc i giao thoa l hiu ng i t A n hai
ngun sng phi bng s nguyn ln bc sng (xem hnh 2):
.
2 2
k l d l = +
Vi k=1, 2, 3...
Khi l cng ln ng S
1
A ct cc cc i giao thoa c bc cng nh (k cng
b), vy ng vi gi tr ln nht ca l ti A c cc i ngha l ti A ng
S
1
A ct cc i bc 1 (k=1).
Thay cc gi tr cho vo biu thc trn ta nhn c:
). ( 5 , 1 1 4
2
m l l l = = +
b) iu kin ti A c cc tiu giao thoa l:
.
2
) 1 2 (
2 2

+ = + k l d l
Trong biu thc ny k=0, 1, 2, 3, ...
Ta suy ra :
) 1 2 (
2
) 1 2 (
2
2
+
(
+
=
k
k d
l .
V l > 0 nn k = 0 hoc k = 1.T ta c gi tr ca l l :
* Vi k =0 th l = 3,75 (m ).
* Vi k= 1 th l ~ 0,58 (m).
Cu 1 Cho c h nh hnh v 1. Hai thanh cng MA v NB khi lng khng
ng k, cng chiu di l = 50cm. u t do ca mi thanh u c gn mt qu
cu nh cng khi lng m =100g, u M v N ca mi thanh c th quay d
dng. L xo rt nh c cng k = 100N/m c gn vo trung im C ca
thanh NB. Khi h cn bng l xo khng bin dng, hai qu cu tip xc nhau.
Ko qu cu A sao cho thanh MA lch v bn tri mt gc nh ri th nh. Coi
va chm gia cc qu cu l n hi xuyn tm. B qua mi ma st, ly
g = 10m/s
2
. Hy m t chuyn ng v xc nh chu k dao ng ca h .

+ Do A va chm vi B l n hi nn ng lng v ng nng h c bo ton.

' '
1 1 2
2 ' 2 ' 2
1 1 2
( ) ( )
2 2 2
mv mv mv
mv m v m v
= +
= +

+ Chn chiu dng cng chiu vi
1
v suy ra:

' '
1 1 2
2 ' 2 ' 2
1 1 2
( ) ( )
2 2 2
mv mv mv
mv m v m v
= +
= +

' '
1 2 1
0, v v v = =
+Tng t cho va chm t qu cu B tr li qu cu A, ta c:

'' ' ''
1 2 2
, 0 v v v = =
+ Sau va chm qu cu ny truyn hon ton vn tc cho qu cu kia. H thng dao ng tun hon, mi
con lc tham gia mt na dao ng.
+ Chu k dao ng
1 2
1
( )
2
T T T = + vi T
1
l chu k dao ng con lc n, T
2
l chu k dao ng ca con lc
gn vi thanh v l xo.
S
1
S
2
l

A

d

k=1

k=2

k=0

Hnh 2
A B
M
N
C
k
Hnh 1
+ Ta bit chu k dao ng ca con lc n
1
2 1, 4( )
l
T s
g
t = =
Ta tm T
2
bng phng php nng lng:
+Chn mc th nng trng trng ti mt phng ngang qua m khi cn bng.
+Xt vt m ti v tr c li x:
-ng nng ca qu cu E
=
2
2
mv
-Th nng trng trng E
t1
=
2
2
mgx
l

-Th nng n hi: E
t2
=
2 2
1
2 8
kx kx
=
C nng ca h: E = E
+ E
t1
+ E
t2
=
2
2
mv
-
2 2
2 8
mgx kx
l
+ (1). Do khng c lc cn nn E = const.
+Ly o hm 2 v ca (1) theo thi gian t, ta c: mvv
-
' '
0
4
mgxx kxx
l
+ = Hay x
+( ) 0
4
k g
x
m l
= .
+Vy vt dao ng iu ha vi tn s gc
4
k g
m l
e = v chu k
2
2
0, 4 T s
t
e
= =
+H dao ng tun hon vi chu k
1 2
1
( )
2
T T T = + = 0,7 + 0,2 = 0,9s
(HSG Hu Lc 05-06)
a) Cho con lc lin hp nh hnh v 1 bit khi lng m
1
, m
2
v chiu di l
1
, l
2
. B qua khi lng
dy treo v lc cn mi trng. Tnh tn s dao ng.
b) Nu mc thm vo h 3 l xo K
1
= K
2
= K
3
nh hnh v 2, h vn dao ng iu ho. Tnh tn s
dao ng ca h, cho nhn xt v tn s.

Cu a . Hc sinh c th lm theo nhiu cch cho kt qu: e =
2
2 2
2
1 1
2 2 1 1
) (
l m l m
g l m l m
+
+

Cu b .
HS lp lun c h gm c: (K
1
nt K
2
) // K
3
// K
h
(vi K
h
l K
h
cu a)
Hc sinh tnh c K'
(h mi) : K' =
h h
K K K K
K
K
+ = + +
2
3
2
2

Kt qu: e' =
2
2 2
2
1 1
2
1
2 2 1 1
) (
2
3
l m l m
l
g l m l m K
M
K
+
+
+
=
'
hay e' =
1
1
l
2
2 2
2
1 1
2 2 1 1
2
1
) (
2
3
l m l m
g l m l m l
K
+
+ +

o
Hnh
1
l
2
l
1
m
1
m
2
-
K
3
K
2
K
1
o
Hnh 2
m
1
m
2
l
2
l
1
Bi 1(HSG Hai B Trng) Hai vt khi lng m
0
v m c ni vi nhau bng mt si dy mnh, bn
khng dn c chiu di L. Ti thi im ban u vt m
0
c nm t mt phng ngang vi vn tc ban
u v
0
thng ng hng ln. Hi cao cc i m m
0
c th t ti.
Trng hp 1: Nu gL v 2
2
0
s th dy cp khng b cng v cao cc i
L
g
v
H s =
2
2
0

Trng hp 2:
+ Nu gL v 2
2
0
> th ngay trc lc dy cng, vn tc ca m
0
l gL v v 2
2
0 1
=
+ Sau m
0
v m c cng vn tc v
+ nh lut bo ton ng lng: m
0
v
1
= (m + m
0
)v
0
1 0
m m
v m
v
+
=
+ cao h vt ln c k t lc dy cng:

|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
= = A
g
gh v
m m
m
g
v
h
2
2
2
2
0
2
0
0
2

+ Vy H
max
= L + Ah = L +
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ g
gh v
m m
m
2
2
2
0
2
0
0

I. C hc: HSG THANH HOA 06-07
1/. Mt ht thc hin dao ng iu ho vi tn s 0,25 (Hz) quanh im x = 0. Vo lc t = 0 n c
di 0,37 (cm). Hy xc nh di v vn tc ca ht lc lc t = 3,0 (s) ?
2/. Mt con lc n c chiu di L thc hin dao ng iu ho trn mt chic xe ang ln t do xung
dc khng ma st. Dc nghing mt gc o so vi phng nm ngang.
a) Hy chng minh rng: V tr cn bng ca con lc l v tr c dy treo vung gc vi mt dc.
b) Tm biu thc tnh chu k dao ng ca con lc. p dng bng s L=1,73 m; o =30
0
; g = 9,8 m/s
2
.
3/. Mt con lc n c ko ra khi v tr cn bng mt gc nh o
0
= 0,1 rad ri bung khng c vn
tc ban u. Coi rng trong qu trnh dao ng lc cn ca mi trng tc dng ln con lc khng i
v bng 1/1000 trng lng ca con lc. Hi sau bao nhiu chu k dao ng th con lc dng hn li ?
4/. Mt ht khi lng 10 (g), dao ng iu ho theo qui lut hm sin vi bin 2.10
-3
(m) v pha
ban u ca dao ng l -t/3 (rad). Gia tc cc i ca n l 8.10
3
(m/s
2
). Hy:
a) Vit biu thc ca lc tc dng vo ht di dng hm ca thi gian.
b) Tnh c nng ton phn ca dao ng ca ht.
Cu 1
+ Tn s dao ng e = 2t] = t/2 (rad/s) ; Bin ca dao ng A = 0,37 (cm)
Vy x = 0,37sin(
2
t+ ) (cm).
+ Ti t = 0 th x = 0,37 => = t/2. Vy phng trnh dao ng ca ht l
x = 0,37sin (
2
t +
2
) (cm) = 0,37cos
2
t (cm).
+ Lc t = 3 (s) di l x
t
= = 0,37cos
2
.3 = 0 v v = x'
t
= - 0,37.
2
. sin
2
3 = 0,581 (cm/s).

Cu 2: a)
+ Gia tc chuyn ng xung dc ca xe l a = gsino.
m
0

m
0
v

T
F
P
o
P'
+ Tc dng ln con lc ti mt thi im no c 3 lc:
Trng lng P, lc qun tnh F (do xe ch g nh dn u)
v sc cng T ca dy treo.
V tr cn bng ca con lc l v tr c hp lc bng 0.
Tc l 0 T F P = + +

+ Chiu phng trnh trn xung phng OX song song vi mt dc ta c: Psino - F + T
X
= 0
+ Ch rng ln lc qun tnh F = ma = mgsino suy ra T
X
= 0. iu ny chng t dy treo con lc
vung gc vi OX khi trng thi cn bng. (pcm).
b)
+ V tr cn bng nh trn th trng lc biu kin ca con lc l P' = Pcoso. Tc l gia tc biu kin l
g' = gcoso.
+ Vy chu k dao ng ca con lc s l T = 2t
' g
L
= 2t
cos g
L
~ 2,83 (s).
Cu 3(1,5 im):
+ Nng lng ban u ca con lc l E
0
= mgl.(1-coso
0
) =
2
0
mgl
2
1
.
+ Gi o
1
v o
2
l hai bin lin tip ca dao ng (mt ln con lc qua v tr cn bng). Ta c
gim th nng l (
2
1
mgl
2
1
-
2
2
mgl
2
1
).
+ gim ny bng cng ca lc cn mi trng A = F
c
.S = F
c
.l.(o
1
+ o
2
).
+ Suy ra ( )
2 1
mg
2
1
= F
c
.
+ gim bin gc mi ln s l (o
1
-o
2
) = 2F
c
/ mg = 2.10
-3
mg/mg = 2.10
-3
rad.
+ n khi con lc ngng dao ng th s ln i qua v tr cn bng s l N =o
0
/(o
1
-o
2
) = 50. Tng
ng vi 25 chu k.
Cu 4(2,0 im):
+ Gia tc a = x'' = -e
2
x => gia tc cc i a
m
= e
2
A => e = (a
m
/A)
1/2
= 2.10
3
(rad/s).
+ Vy ta c F = ma = - 0,01.(2.10
3
)
2
. 2.10
-3
sin(2.10
3
.t -
3
) = 80 sin(2.10
3
t +
3
2
) (N)
+ Vn tc cc i ca ht l v
m
= eA = 4 (m/s)
+ C nng ton phn E
0
=
2
mv
2
m
= 0,08 (J).
Bi 2:
a, (1) Khi cha t dy:
0
2 . mg k l = A ;
Ngay sau khi dy t: * Vt m:
0 1
. k l mg ma A + =
1
3 30 a g = = (
2
/ m s )
* Vt 2m:
0 2
. 2 2 k l mg ma A =
2
0 a =
b, (3) Xt h quy chiu gn vi trng tm G ca h.G cch vt m mt khong bng 2/3
khong cch t vt m n vt 2m.
* Xt vt m :
- Khi VTCB: 0
qt
mg F + = (1)
- Khi li x: l xo gin mt on bng 3x/2 . Suy ra:
''
3
.
2
qt
x
mg F k ma mx + = = (2)
T (1) v (2) :
''
3
0
2
k
x x
m
+ =
'' 2
0 x x e + = vi
3
10
2
k
m
e = = (rad/s)

3
.sin( . )
2
k
x A t
m
= +
m
2m
Ti 0 t = :
0
0
2
.sin 0, 2
3
l
x A
A
= = = (m) v
0
. .cos v A e = 0 = 0, 2 A= (m); v
2
t
= (rad)
0, 2.sin(10. / 2) x t t = + (m);
- bin dng ca l xo: 3 / 2 0,3,sin(10. / 2) l x t t A = = + ;
- L xo t trng thi khng bin dng ln u tin 0 l A = 1, 57
20
t
t
= ~ (s).
- Trng tm G chuyn ng vi gia tc g, khi trng tm G i c :

2 2
/ 2 / 80 h gt t A = = (m) vi vn tc . / 2
G
v g t t = = (m/s).
Ti thi im ta c: 2 os(10.t+ /2)= x c t ' = -2 (m/s)

2 / 2 3, 57
m G
v v x t ' = = + ~ (m/s)
- Theo LBTNL:
2 2 2
0 2
1 1 1
. 3 . .2 .
2 2 2
m m
k l mg h mv mv A + A = + ;
Mt khc, ta c:
0
. 2 k l mg A =
2
1 0, 57
2
m
v
t
= ~ (m/s)
......................................................................................
DNG IN XOAY CHIU
I. TM TT L THUYT:
1. Biu thc in p tc thi v dng in tc thi:
u = U
0
cos(et +
u
) v i = I
0
cos(et +
i
)
* Vi =
u

i
l lch pha ca u so vi i, c
2 2
t t
s s
2. Dng in xoay chiu : I = I
0
cos(2tft +
i
)
* Mi giy i chiu 2f ln
* Nu pha ban u
I
= 0 hoc
I
= t th giy u tin ch i chiu 2f-1 ln.
3. Cng thc tnh thi gian n hunh quang sng trong mt chu k :
* Khi t in p u = U
0
cos(et +
u
) vo hai u bng n, bit n ch sng ln khi u U
1
.

4
t

e
A
A = Vi
1
0
os
U
c
U
A = , (0 < A < t/2)
4. Dng in xoay chiu trong on mch R,L,C
* on mch ch c in tr thun R: u
R
cng pha vi i, ( =
u

i
= 0)

U
I
R
= v
0
0
U
I
R
=
Lu : in tr R cho dng in khng i i qua v c
U
I
R
=
* on mch ch c cun thun cm L: u
L
nhanh pha hn i l t/2, ( =
u

i
= t/2)

L
U
I
Z
= v
0
0
L
U
I
Z
= vi Z
L
= eL l cm khng
Lu : Cun thun cm L cho dng in khng i i qua hon ton (khng cn tr).
* on mch ch c t in C: u
C
chm pha hn i l t/2, ( =
u

i
= -t/2)

C
U
I
Z
= v
0
0
C
U
I
Z
= vi
1
C
Z
C e
= l dung khng
Lu : T in C khng cho dng in khng i i qua (cn tr hon ton).
* on mch RLC khng phn nhnh

2 2 2 2 2 2
0 0 0 0
( ) ( ) ( )
L C R L C R L C
Z R Z Z U U U U U U U U = + = + = +
tan ;sin ; os
L C L C
Z Z Z Z R
c
R Z Z

= = = vi
2 2
t t
s s
+ Khi Z
L
> Z
C
hay
1
LC
e > > 0 th u nhanh pha hn i
+ Khi Z
L
< Z
C
hay
1
LC
e < < 0 th u chm pha hn i
+ Khi Z
L
= Z
C
hay
1
LC
e = = 0 th u cg pha vi i v I =
Max
U
I =
R
gi l hin tg cg
hg dng in
5. Cng sut to nhit trn on mch RLC:
* Cng sut tc thi: P = UIcos + UIcos(2et +
u
+
i
)
* Cng sut trung bnh: P = UIcos = I
2
R.
6. in p u = U
1
+ U
0
cos(et + ) c coi gm mt in p khng i U
1
v mt in p xoay chiu
u = U
0
cos(et + ) ng thi t vo on mch.
7. Tn s dng in do my pht in xoay chiu mt pha c P cp cc, rto quay vi vn tc n
vng/giy
th my pht ra dng in c tn s l : f = pn ( Hz )
* T thng gi qua khung dy ca my pht in u = NBScos(et +) = u
0
cos(et + )
Vi u
0
= NBS l t thng cc i,N l s vng dy,B l cm ng t ca t, S l din tch ca
vng dy, e = 2tf
* Sut in ng trong khung dy: e = eNSBcos(et + -
2
t
) = E
0
cos(et + -
2
t
)
Vi E
0
= eNSB l sut in ng cc i.
8. Dng in xoay chiu ba pha l h thng 3 dng in xoay chiu 1 pha c gy bi 3 sut in
ng xoay chiu cng tn s, cng bin nhng lch pha tng i mt l
2
3
t
.
*Cc pt ca sut in ng v dng in v cm ng t c dng : (Xt trng hp ti i xng )
th

1 0
2 0
3 0
os( )
2
os( )
3
2
os( )
3
e E c t
e E c t
e E c t
e
t
e
t
e
= +

1 0
2 0
3 0
os( )
2
os( )
3
2
os( )
3
i I c t
i I c t
i I c t
e
t
e
t
e
= +

1 0
2 0
3 0
os( )
2
os( )
3
2
os( )
3
B B c t
B B c t
B B c t
e
t
e
t
e
= +

+ Dng in xoay chiu 3 pha c to ra t mt my pht in xoay chiu 3 pha
*My pht mc hnh sao: U
d
= 3 U
p
v ti tiu th mc hnh sao: I
d
= I
p

*My pht mc hnh tam gic: U
d
= U
p
v ti tiu th mc hnh tam gic: I
d
= 3 I
p

Lu : my pht v ti tiu th thng chn cch mc tng ng vi nhau.
9. Cng sut hao ph trong qu trnh truyn ti in nng:
2
2 2
os
R
U c
A =
Trong : P l cng sut truyn i ni cung cp ; U l in p ni cung cp
cos l h s cng sut ca dy ti in
*
l
R
S
= l in tr tng cng ca dy ti in ( lu : dn in bng 2 dy)
* gim in p trn ng dy ti in: AU = IR
* Hiu sut ti in: .100% H
A
=
10. on mch RLC c R thay i:
* Khi R=Z
L
-Z
C
th
2 2
ax
2 2
M
L C
U U
Z Z R
= =

* Khi R=R
1
hoc R= R
2
m P c cng gi tr
th ta c
2
2
1 2 1 2
; ( )
L C
U
R R R R Z Z + = = v khi
1 2
R R R = th
2
ax
1 2
2
M
U
R R
=

* Trng hp cun dy c in tr R
0
(hnh v)
+ Khi
2 2
0 ax
0
2 2( )
L C M
L C
U U
R R Z Z P
Z Z R R
+ = = =
+

+ Khi
2 2
2 2
0 ax
2 2
0
0 0
( )
2( )
2 ( ) 2
L C RM
L C
U U
R R Z Z
R R
R Z Z R
= + = =
+
+ +

11. on mch RLC c L thay i:
* Khi
2
1
L
C e
= th I
Max
U
Rmax
; P
Max
cn U
LCMin **
Lu : L v C mc lin tip nhau

* Khi
2 2
C
L
C
R Z
Z
Z
+
= th
2 2
ax
C
LM
U R Z
U
R
+
= v
2 2 2 2 2 2
ax ax ax
; 0
LM R C LM C LM
U U U U U U U U = + + =
* Vi L = L
1
hoc L = L
2
th U
L
c cng gi tr th U
Lmax
khi
1 2
1 2
1 2
2 1 1 1 1
( )
2
L L L
L L
L
Z Z Z L L
= + =
+

* Khi
2 2
4
2
C C
L
Z R Z
Z
+ +
= th
ax
2 2
2 R
4
RLM
C C
U
U
R Z Z
=
+
Lu : R v L mc lin tip nhau
12. on mch RLC c C thay i:
* Khi
2
1
C
L e
= th I
Max
U
Rmax
; P
Max
cn U
LCMin
* Khi
2 2
L
C
L
R Z
Z
Z
+
= th
2 2
ax
L
CM
U R Z
U
R
+
= v
2 2 2 2 2 2
ax ax ax
; 0
CM R L CM L CM
U U U U U U U U = + + =
* Khi C = C
1
hoc C = C
2
th U
C
c cng gi tr th U
Cmax
khi
1 2
1 2
1 1 1 1
( )
2 2
C C C
C C
C
Z Z Z
+
= + =
* Khi
2 2
4
2
L L
C
Z R Z
Z
+ +
= th
ax
2 2
2 R
4
RCM
L L
U
U
R Z Z
=
+
Lu : R v C mc lin tip nhau
13. Mch RLC c e thay i:
* Khi
1
LC
e = th I
Max
U
Rmax
; P
Max
cn U
LCMin
* Khi
2
1 1
2
C
L R
C
e =
th ax
2 2
2 .
4
LM
U L
U
R LC R C
=

A
B
C
R

L,R
0
* Khi
2
1
2
L R
L C
e = th ax
2 2
2 .
4
CM
U L
U
R LC R C
=

* Vi e = e
1
hoc e = e
2
m I hoc P hoc U
R
c cng mt gi tr
th I
Max
hoc P
Max
hoc U
RMax
khi
2
1 2
1
LC
ee e = =
tn s
2
1 2
f f f =

14. Hai on mch AM gm R
1
L
1
C
1
ni tip v on mch MB gm R
2
L
2
C
2
ni tip mc ni tip
vi nhau c U
AB
= U
AM
+ U
MB
u
AB
; u
AM
v u
MB
cng pha tan u
AB
= tan u
AM
= tan u
MB

16. Hai on mch R
1
L
1
C
1
v R
2
L
2
C
2
cng u hoc cng i c pha lch nhau A
Vi
1 1
1
1
tan
L C
Z Z
R

= v
2 2
2
2
tan
L C
Z Z
R

= (gi s
1
>
2
)
C
1

2
= A
1 2
1 2
tan tan
tan
1 tan tan

= A
+

**Trng hp c bit A = t/2 (vung pha nhau) th tan
1
tan
2
= -1.
VD: * Mch in hnh 1 c u
AB
v u
AM
lch pha nhau A
y 2 on mch AB v AM c cng i v u
AB
chm pha
hn u
AM

AM

AB
= A
tan tan
tan
1 tan tan

= A
+
AM AB
AM AB

Nu u
AB
vung pha vi u
AM
th tan tan =-1 1
L C L
AM AB
Z Z Z
R R

=
* Mch in hnh 2: Khi C = C
1
v C = C
2
(gi s C
1
> C
2
) th i
1
v i
2
lch pha nhau A
y hai on mch RLC
1
v RLC
2
c cng u
AB
Gi
1
v
2
l lch pha ca u
AB
so vi i
1
v i
2

th c
1
>
2

1
-
2
= A
Nu I
1
= I
2
th
1
= -
2
= A/2
Nu I
1
= I
2
th tnh
1 2
1 2
tan tan
tan
1 tan tan

= A
+

II. CC DANG TON:
BI 1: (Nm hc 2007- 2008 tnh thi nguyn )
Cho mch in nh hnh v. Cun dy c t cm
L = 1,5/ t (H), in tr thun R
0
; t c in dung C =
2.10
-4
/9t (F). Hiu in th tc thi gia hai im A v
Mlch pha mt gc 5t /6 so vi hiu in th gia hai
im M v N, ng thi hiu in th gia hai im A v
M c biu thc u
AM
= 100 6 sin(100t t + t /6)(V). Cng sut tiu th ca c mch l P = 100 3 (W).
a/Tnh R
0
; R.
b/Vit biu thc tc thi ca hiu in th gia hai im AB.

R L C M A B
Hnh
1

R L C M A B
Hnh
2

A
B
M
N
R
C
L,R
0
Bi 2: (Nm hc 2007 - 2008, Tnh Ngh An)
Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v.
Bit u
AB
= 180 2 sin(100tt) (V), R
1
= R
2
= 100 O, cun dy
thun cm c L = H
3
t
, t in c in dung C bin i c.
1. Tm C hiu in th hiu dng gia hai im M, N t cc
tiu.
2. Khi C =
100
F
3
t
, mc vo M v N mt ampe k c in tr
khng ng k th s ch ampe k l bao nhiu?
HNG DN GII:
1.Gin vc t c v nh hnh bn.
.T gin suy ra U
MN
cc tiu khi M trng vi N .
.Hay: U
MN
= 0 U
R1
= U
C
I
1
R
1
= I
2
Z
C

,
U
R2
= U
L

= I
2
R
2
= I
1
Z
L

L
Z
R
1
=
2
R
Z
C
Z
C
=
L
Z
R R
2 1
= O
3
100
C = F
t
3 100
= 55( F )
2.Chp M v N thnh im E.Tng tr, lch pha gia hiu in th v cng dng in trong
mi nhnh :
U
EB
C I I A
2

L
I

1
I

1 R
I
AE
U

2 2
1
2
1
1 1 1
C
Z R Z
+ = Z
1
= 50 ) ( 3 O .Tg
1
= -
1 R
C
I
I
= -
C
Z
R
1
= -
3
1
1
= -
6
t

2 2
2
2
2
1 1 1
L
Z R Z
+ = Z
2
= 50 ) ( 3 O . Tg
2
=
2 R
L
I
I
=
L
Z
R
2
=
3
1
2
=
6
t

.V Z
1
= Z
2
v cng hiu dng trong mch chnh nh nhau nn: U
AE
= U
EB
= U
.Mt khc
AE
U v
EB
U u lch v hai pha trc I mt gc
6
t
nn:
U
AE
= U
EB
=
)
6
cos( 2
t
AB
U

= 60 3
(V)
:

B

R
1 M

L

A

C

N

R
2
(Hnh 5)

U
R1
U
R2

C
U U
L
N M

U
AB

A

B

.Chn chiu dng qua cc nhnh nh hnh v.

.Gin vc t biu din
L A R
I I I = +
1
nh hnh bn.
.T ta c:
I
A
=
6
cos 2
1
2
1
2
t
L R L
R I I I I + = 0,6(A)

Bi 3: (Bc giang Nm hc 2006 - 2007) t hiu in th t 100 sin 2 75 = u t (V) vo hai u mt
on mch gm cun dy ni tip vi mt t in. Dng vn k c in tr rt ln ln lt o hiu in
th gia hai u cun dy v ca t in ta c U
Cd
= 100 (V) v U
C
= 35 (V). Bit L =
1
2t
(H). Xc
nh in dung ca t in v vit biu thc cng dng in trong mch.
Bi 4: (NM HC 2007-2008. TNH DAKLAK )Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v (h.1).
Hiu in th xoay chiu hai u mch c biu thc : u
AB
= U
0
.sin100tt (V), b qua in tr cc dy
ni. Cc hiu in th hiu dng: U
AN
= 300 (V) , U
MB
= 60 3 (V). Hiu in th u
AN
lch

pha so vi
u
MB
mt gc
2
t
. Cun dy c h s t cm
1
L
3t
= (H) vi in tr r, in dung ca t
in
3
3.10
C =
16t
(F).

1) Tnh in tr r.
2) Vit biu thc hiu in th u
AN.

Bi 5: (Tnh Thanh Ha, nm hc 2010 - 2011)
Cho mch in xoay chiu gm cun dy D c
t cm L mc ni tip vi in tr thun R v t
in c in dung C (hnh v). Bit in p gia
hai u on mch AB c biu thc u =
U
0
cos100t (V) khng i. Cc vn k nhit V
1
;V
2

c in tr rt ln ch ln lt l U
1
= 120V; U
2

=80 3 V. in p tc thi gia hai u on mch MB lch pha so vi in p tc thi gia hai u
on mch NB gc t/6 v lch pha so vi in p tc thi gia hai u on mch AN gc t/2. Ampe
k nhit c in tr khng ng k ch 3 A.
a. Xc nh cc gi tr ca R; L v C.
b. Tnh U
0
v vit biu thc cng dng in tc thi qua mch.
Hng dn gii:
R
(h .1)
L , r C
A
B
M N
A B
C
N
D R
M
A
V
1
V
2
A

B
C N R
2

R
1
M L

I
A

I
L

A

I
R1
30
0
60
0

a. Xc nh gi tr R ; L ;C
-V gin vc t ng
- R = U
R
/I = U
2
cos60
0
/ I = 40
- Z
C
= U
C
/I = U
2
cos30
0
/I = 40 3
F C
5
10 . 59 , 4

~
- Z
L
= U
L
/I = U
1
sin30
0
/I = 20 3
H L 11 , 0 ~

b. Xc nh U
0
v vit biu thc i
- T GVT : U
=
1
U
+
C
U
. p dng nh l hm s cosin ta c :
U
2
= U
1
2
+ U
C
2
+ 2U
1
.U
C
. cos120
0

Thay s v tnh ton ta c: U = 120V => U
0
= 120 2 (V)
- Lp lun = -t/6
i = 6 cos(100tt + t/6) (A)

Trong qu trnh truyn ti in nng i xa cn tng in p ca ngun ln bao nhiu ln gim
cng sut hao ph trn ng dy i 100 ln. Gi thit cng sut ni tiu th nhn c khng i, in
p tc thi u cng pha vi dng in tc thi i. Bit ban u gim in th trn ng dy bng
15% in p ca ti tiu th.
HNG DN GII:
- t U, U
1
, U, I
1,
1
P A l in p ngun, in p ti tiu th, gim in p trn ng dy,
dng in hiu dng v cng sut hao ph trn ng dy lc u.
U, U
2
, U' , I
2
,
2
P A l in p ngun, in p ti tiu th, gim in p trn ng dy, dng
in hiu dng v cng sut hao ph trn ng dy lc sau.
Ta c:
10
1 '
10
1
100
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
=
A
A
= =
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
A
A
U
U
I
I
I
I
P
P

Theo ra:
1
U = 0,15.U
10
15 , 0
'
1
U
U = A (1)
- V u v i cng pha v cng sut ni tiu th nhn c khng i nn:

2 1
1 1 2 2
1 2
U I
U .I = U .I = = 10
U I
U
2
= 10U
1
(2)
- (1) v (2):
1 1
1
2 1 1
U = U + U = (0,15 + 1).U
0,15.U 0,15
U' = U + U' = 10.U + = (10 + ).U
10 10

- Do :
0,15
10+
U'
10
= = 8,7
U 0,15+1

V
A B
R,L
C
E
hnh 2
Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v 2. in p hai u
mch l u
AB
=
|
.
|
\
|

6
100 cos 2 60
t
tt (V). iu chnh gi tr
in dung C ca t in vn k V ch gi tr cc i v
bng 100V. Vit biu thc in p u
AE
.
HNG DN GII:
V gin vc t biu din phng trnh

C L R AB
U U U U

+ + = trc gc l I

Trn gin vc t ta c const
Z
R
IZ
IR
U
U
tan
L L L
R
= = = =
p dng nh l hm sin vi OMN ta c

sin
MN
sin
ON
= hay
sin
U
sin
U
C AB
=
.sin
sin
U
U
AB
C
=
U
C
max khi 1 sin =
0
90 = | : tam gic MON vung ti O
p dng nh l pitago cho OMN ta c
80V 60 100 U U U
2 2 2
AB
2
Cmax AE
= = = v U
AE
nhanh pha hn U
AB
1 gc 90
0

Vy biu thc U
AE
l
80 2 cos 100
3
AE
u t
| |
= +
|
\ .
(V)
Bi 8: (Tnh ng Nai, nm hc 2010 - 2011)
p t mt in p xoay chiu n nh vo hai u on mch in nh hnh v. Bit 1/ ( ) L H t = ;
R v C c th thay i c.
a) Gi c nh gi tr C = C
1
v thay i R , ta c
cc kt qu sau :
+ S ch ca ampe k A lun bng 1A
+ Khi R = R
1
=100O th u
AB
v cng
dng in i trong mch chnh cng pha. Tnh C
1
v xc nh s ch ca cc ampe k lc ny
b) Tm gi tr ca C phi tho khi iu chnh R ; in p tc thi u
AB
hai u mch in lun
lch pha vi cng dng in trong mch chnh
Bi 9: (TP HCM, nm hc 2010 - 2011)
Mt on mch xoay chiu gm cun cm c in tr thun
Rv t cm L mc ni tip vi t in c in dung C thay
i c nh hnh. in p hai u on mch c
dng ( ) 2 cos 2
AB
u U ft t = , U va f khng i. Khi C = C
1
, in
p hiu dng hai u cun cm l U
d
, hai u t in l
1
C
U . Khi C = C
2
= 2C
1
, in p hiu dng hai
u cun cm l U
d
= U
d
, hai u t in
2
C
U = U. Tm U
d
v
1
C
U theo U.
Bi 10: (Tnh Thanh Ha , nm hc 2008 - 2009)
Mt on mch in gm 3 nhnh mc song song. Nhnh th nht l mt t in c dung khng Z
C
,
nhnh th hai l mt cun dy thun cm c cm khng Z
L
v nhnh th ba l mt in tr R. Gi I,
L,
R
C
A B
A
B
A
1
A
2
A
O
M
N
U
AE
U
AB
U
R
I

U
L
U
C
o
|
I
C
, I
L
, I
R
l cng dng in hiu dng trn mch chnh v cc mch r tng ng, Z l tng tr ca
on mch. Hy chng minh cc h thc sau :
( )
2
2 2
R L C
I I I I = + v
2
2 2
1 1 1 1
C L
Z R Z Z
| |
= +
|
\ .

HNG DN GII:
+ Gi s u = U
0
coset. Ta c:
i
R
= I
0R
coset ; i
C
= I
0C
cos(et +
2
t
) ; i
L
= I
0L
cos(et -
2
t
)
+ Gin vc t (2 dao ng cng phng): i
C
+ i
L
=(I
0C
- I
0L
)cos(et +
2
t
)
+ Vy i = i
R
+ i
C
+ i
L
= I
0R
coset + (I
0C
- I
0L
)cos(et +
2
t
). Hai dao ng ny vung gc nn I
2
= I
R
2
+ (I
C

- I
L
)
2
(1) pcm.
+ Vi I = U/Z t (1) suy ra
2
2 2
1 1 1 1
C L
Z R Z Z
| |
= +
|
\ .
pcm.
Bi 11: (Tnh Tha Thin Hu, nm hc 2010 - 2011)
Cho on mch RLC khng phn nhnh, cun dy L thun cm, in tr ca ampe k rt nh. t mt
in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng U
AB
= 150 V khng i vo hai u on mch, th thy h s
cng sut ca on mch AN
bng 0,6 v h s cng sut ca on mch AB bng 0,8.
a,Tnh cc in p hiu dng U
R
, U
L
v U
C
, bit on
mch c tnh dung khng.
b, Khi tn s dng in bng 100 Hz th thy in p hai u on mch AB lch pha t/2 so vi in
p gia hai u on NB v s ch ca ampe k l 2,5A. Tnh cc gi tr ca R, L, C.
Bi 12: (Tnh ng Thp, Trng THPT TP Cao Lnh ngh)
Cho mch in nh hnh v:Mt in tr thun R,mt t
in C,hai cun cm l tng L
1
= 2L, L
2
= L v cc kha
K
1
,K
2
(R
K
= 0) c mc vo mt ngun in khng i (c
sut in ng c ,in tr trong r = 0).Ban u K
1
ng, K
2

ngt. Sau khi dng in trong mch n nh, ngi ta ng K
2
,
ngt K
1
. Tnh hiu in th cc i t v I
L2
max. ?
HNG DN GII:
+K
1
ng, K
2
ngt, dng in n nh qua L
1
:
R
I
c
=
0

K
1
ngt, K
2
ng: V 2 cun mc song song

u
L1
= u
L2
= u
AB
==> - 2L (i
1
I
0
) = Li
2
2L (I
0
i
1
) =Li
2
(1) (0,5)

2 2 2
2
2
2
2 2
2
2
1
2
0
CU Li Li LI
+ + = (2) (0,5)

I
C
= i
1
i
2
U
Cmax
I
C
= 0 i
1
= i
2
= I (3) (0,25)

(2) v (3)
2 2
0
2
2
2
1
2
0
2
0
3 2 2 2 LI LI Li Li LI CU = = (0,25)

(1) LI Li Li LI 3 2 2
1 2 0
= + =
3
2
0
I
I = (0,25)

A
A N B
R L
C


C
L
R C
L
I U LI CU
3
2
3
2
3
2
0 0
2
0
2
0
c
= = = (0,25)

+Khi t in phng ht in th I
1
v I
2
cc i
2 2
2
2
2
2
max 2
2
max 1
2
0
LI LI LI
+ = (4) (0,25)

(1) 2L (I
0
I
1max
) = LI
2max
I
0
I
1max
=
2
1
I
2max
(5) (0,25)

(4)
2
max 2
2
max 1
2
0
2 2 LI LI LI + =
2
max 2
2
max 1
2
0
2 2 I I I + =

2
max 2 max 1 0 max 1 0
) )( ( 2 I I I I I = + I
0
+ I
1max
= I
2max
(6) (0,25)

(5)(6) I
2max
=
0
3
4
I =
R 3
4c
(0,25)

Bi 13: Cho mch in c s nh hnh v bn.
Cho bit: R
1
= 3O; R
2
= 2O; C = 100nF ; L l
cun dy thun cm vi L = 0,1H; R
A
~ 0;
= =
2 1
V V
R R . Ampe k v von k l ampe k v
von k nhit.
t vo hai u A, B hiu in th
u
AB
= 5 2 coset (V).
1. Dng cch v gin vect Frexnen tm
biu thc ca cc hiu in th hiu dng
1
R
U , U
C
v cng dng in hiu dng qua R
2
theo hiu in th hiu dng U = U
AB
, R
1
, R
2
,
L, C v e.
2. Tm iu kin ca e ampe k c s ch ln nht c th. Tm s ch ca cc von k V
1
v V
2

khi .
3. Tm iu kin ca e cc von k V
1
v V
2
c s ch nh nhau. Tm s ch ca ampe k v cc
von k khi .
HNG DN GII:
1) MB AM AB U U U + = ; (1)

U
MB
= IR
2
; (2)
U
AM
= I
R1
. R
1
= I
L
e
e
C
1
L
; (3)
Chiu (1) ln 0x v 0y c:
U
AB .X
= IR
2
cos o = IR
2
.I
L
/I = R
2
I
L
;
U
AB.y
= IR
2
sino + U
AM

U
AB.y
= I
L
e
e
C
1
L
(R
1
+R
2
)/R
1

Do U
2
=
2
y . AB
2
X . AB
U U + =
2
L
I
(
(
|
.
|
\
|
e
e +
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
| +
2
2
2 1
2 1
2
1
2 1
C
1
L
R R
R R
R
R R

t
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
2 1
2 1
R R
R R
R (*), ch ti (3) c
A
B
C
M
A
V
1
V
2
R
1
R
2
L
o
U
A
B
U
R2
x
y
U
A
M
I
I
L
I
R
1
U
M
B
U
L
U
C
0
I
L
=
2
2
2
C
1
L R
1
R
UR
|
.
|
\
|
e
e +
; I
R1
=
2
2
2 1
C
1
L R
C
1
L
R R
UR
|
.
|
\
|
e
e +
e
e

I =
2
2
2
2
1
2 1
2
1
2
1
1
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
.
|
\
|
+
= +
e
e
e
e
C
L R
C
L R
R R
UR
I I
R L
(4)
U
R1
= I
R1
R
1
=
2
2
2
C
1
L R
C
1
L
R
UR
|
.
|
\
|
e
e +
e
e
(5)

U
C
= I
L
/Ce =
2
2
2
C
1
L R C
1
R
UR
|
.
|
\
|
e
e + e
(6)
Vi R tnh bi (*)
2) Xt biu thc ca I, ta thy biu thc di du cn (k hiu l y) l
2 2
2 2
1
2 2
2 2
1
) C / 1 L ( R
R R
1
) C / 1 L ( R
) C / 1 L ( R
y
e e +

+ =
e e +
e e +
=
Bi R
1
>R, y t cc i, tc l s ch ampe k kh d ln nht khi s / rad 10
LC
1
4
= = e .
Khi theo (4), (5) v (6): I
max
=U/R
2
=5/2=2,5(A)
S ch ca V
2
l: U
C
=U/R
2
Ce= ) )(! V ( 2500
10 . 10 . 2
5
4 7
=

3) Ta c U
V1
=U
V2
--> U
R1
= U
C
--> Le-1/Ce=1/(Ce)
--> s / rad 10 . 41 , 1
LC
2
4
= = e .
2 2 2
2 2 2
1
2 1
L 25 , 0 R
L 25 , 0 R
R R
RU
I
e +
e +
= vi ); A ( 1 I ) ( 10 . 2
C
L 2
L ), ( 2 , 1
R R
R R
R
3
2 1
2 1
~ O = = e O =
+
+
=

). V ( 3
) L 5 , 0 ( R
L
R 2
UR
U U
2 2
2
C 1 R
~
e +
e
= =
Bi 14: (Tnh Tha Thin Hu, nm hc 2007 - 2008)
Mt on mch in xoay chiu AB gm mt in tr
thun, mt cun cm v mt t in ghp ni tip nh trn
hnh v. Hiu in th hai u on mch c dng :
AB
u = 175 2sin100t (V). Bit cc hiu in th hiu dng
AM MN
U = U = 25V,
NB
U = 175V. Tm h s
cng sut ca on mch AB.
HNG DN GII:
R
C
A
B M
N
- Theo gi thit c :
AB
175 2
U = = 175
2
(V).
- Gi r l in tr ni ca cun cm. Gi s r = 0, ta c :

2 2 2 2
AB R L C
U = U + (U - U ) = 25 + (25 - 175) = 25 37 175 = r > 0.
- Ta c :
2 2 2 2
MN L r
U = U + U = 25 (1)
- Mt khc ta c :
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
AB R r L C R R r r L C L C
U = (U + U ) + (U - U ) = U + 2U U + U + U + U - 2U U
=
2 2 2
R R r MN C L C
U + 2U U + U + U - 2U U
2
175 =

L r
7U - U = 25 (2)
- Gii h phng trnh (1) v (2) :
L
U = 7(V) v
r
U = 24(V)
- H s cng sut ca on mch :
R r
AB
U + U 25 + 24
cos = = = 0,28
U 175

Bi 15: (Tnh Thi Nguyn, nm hc 2009 - 2010)
Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v (h.1). Hiu in th xoay
chiu hai u mch c biu thc: u
AB
= U
0
.sin100tt (V), b qua
in tr cc dy ni. Cc hiu in th hiu dng: U
AN
= 300 (V),
U
MB
= 60 3 (V). Hiu in th tc thi u
AN
lch

pha so vi u
MB
mt gc
2
t
. Cun dy c h s t cm
1
L
3
=
t
(H) vi in tr r, in dung ca t in
3
3.10
C =
16
t
(F).
a/ Tnh in tr r. Vit biu thc hiu in th tc thi gia hai im A, N.
b/ Thay i R n khi cng sut tiu th trn n cc i. Tnh gi tr ca R lc ny.
HNG DN GII:
a) Tnh r:
L C
100 1 160
Z .L ; Z .
C 3 3
= e = O = = O
e

- Ta c:
AN
+
MB
= t/2. Suy ra:
AN
MB
1
tg
tg
=
, t :
L
C L
Z r
R r Z Z
=
+
.
Vy : Z
L
.(Z
C
Z
L
) = r.(R + r), hay:
L C L r R r
U (U U ) U (U U ) = + (1)
Mt khc:
2 2 2
AN r R L
U (U U ) U = + + (2)
V:
2 2 2
MB r L C
U U (U U ) = + (3)
T (1), ta rt ra:
2
2 2
L
R r C L 2
r
U
(U U ) (U U )
U
+ = (4)
Thay (4) vo (2):
2 2
2 2 2 2 2
L L
AN C L L C L r 2 2
r r
U U
U (U U ) U (U U ) U
U U
= + = + (

(5)
Thay (3) vo (5), ta c:
2
2 2
L
AN MB
r
U
U .U
U
=
| |
|
\ .

Bin i ta c:
L
r
U 300 5
U 60 3 3
= = , suy ra: r = Z
L
.
3 100 3
20
5 5 3
= = O (6)
Biu thc u
AN
:
- Ta c:
AN 0AN uAN
u U sin(100 t ) = t + .
R
(h .1)
L , r C
A
B M N
+ Bin : U
0AN
= 300 2 (V)
+ Pha ban u:
AN
i AN u AN AN u
= + = + = + (7)
M:
L C
Z Z
tg
R r
=
+
(8)
T mc a/ ta c: R + r =
L C L
Z (Z Z )
r
=
100 160 100
3 3 3
100
20
= O
| |
|
\ .

Suy ra: R = 80O (9)
Thay vo (8), ta tnh c: tg = - 0,346 = -19
0
(10)
Ta li c:
0 L
AN AN
Z 100 1
tg 30
R r 3 3 100
= = = =
+
(11)
Vy:
AN
0 0 0
49
19 30 49 (rad)
u
180
t
= + = = (12)
- Biu thc:
AN
49
u 300 2 sin(100 t )(V)
180
t
= t + (13)
Lu : HS c th gii bng gin vect.
b/ Cng sut tiu th trn R: P
R
2 2
2
2 2 2 2
L C L C
U R U
I R
(R r) (Z Z ) r (Z Z )
R 2r
R
= = =
+ + +
+ +

Theo C si: P
Rmax
khi
2 2
L C
R r (Z Z ) = + = 40.
Bi 16: (Tnh Bn Tre, nm hc 2008 - 2009)
Mch in xoay chiu gm 3 phn t : in tr
thun R, cun thun cm c t cm L v t c in dung
C mc ni tip nh hnh v (1).Bit u
AN
nhanh pha so vi
u
MB
v
MB AN
tan 2 tan =
Nu mc mch li nh hnh v (2) th cng
hiu dng qua mch chnh l bao nhiu? Bit dung khng
Z
C
= 50O v in p hiu dng hai u mch l 100V.

P N
Do mch c ba phn tr R, L, C m u
AN
nhanh pha so
vi u
MB
th on mch AN gm c R, L v on mch MB
gm c R v C x l cun thun cm L, Y l in tr
thun R v Z v t C. (0,5)

T
MB AN
tan 2 tan =
C L
C L
Z Z
R
Z
R
Z
2
2
= = (0,5)
- Hnh (2) c v li nh sau:

~
u
X Y Z

A M N

B
(hnh 1)
~
u
Z
-
A
B
(hnh 2)
-
X
Y
-
D
~
u
X Y Z

A M N

B
~
u
-
A
B
-
i
R
L
-
R
D
C
I
L
i
- Gin vc t cho mch ny l:
- Ta c:
- o cos 2
2 2 2
DB AD DB AD
U U U U U + =

I
I
U U U U U
L
DB AD DB AD
2
2 2 2
+ =
m

L L DB L C C
AD
Z I U Z Z Z
I
U
. ; 2 ; = = =

nn
2 2 2 2 2
AD DB DB AD
U U U U U = + =
U = U
AD
A
Z
U
Z
U
I
C C
AD
2 = = =
Mt on mch in gm ba phn t R = 30, L = 0,2H, v C = 50F mc ni tip vi nhau v ni
tip vo 2 ngun in: Ngun in mt chiu U
0
= 12V v ngun in xoay chiu U = 120V, f = 50Hz.
a) Tnh tng tr ca on mch v cng dng in i qua on mch.
b) Tnh lch pha gia hiu in th hai u on mch v dng in trong mch. Nhn xt v kt
qu tm c.
c) V gin vc t cc hiu in th gia hai u ca R, ca L, ca C v ca ton mch.
d) Cun cm v t in y c vai tr g ? C th b i c khng ?
HNG DN GII:
a) Ta c Z
L
= L = 62,8 ; Z
C
= 1/C = 63,7 . Suy ra Z =
( )
2 2 2
L C
R Z Z + = 30,01. Dng mt
chiu khng qua t in nn I = U/Z 4A.
b) lch pha gia h..t v dng in ton mch l cos =
R
Z
1.
+ Suy ra 0. Trong mch c cng hng.
c) Ta c: U
R
= IR 120V = U; U
C
= IZ
C
= 255V; U
L
= IZ
L
= 251V.
Cc d liu trn cho gin vc t gm cc d liu tnh c t trn cng
thm hiu in th mt chiu U
0
. Hnh v bn.
d) T C c tc dng ngn dng mt chiu i qua R. T C lm cho U v I lch pha. Cun L lm cho
mt s lch pha. Vi vai tr C, L nh trn, khng th b i mt trong hai v hoc ng thi c hai.
Bi 18: (Tnh Bnh Thun, nm hc 2007 - 2008)
Hai u A, B ca mch in ni vi mt ngun in xoay
chiu c hiu in th hiu dng khng i U
AB
= 100 V v c
tn s f thay i c. Hai vn k xoay chiu V
1
v V
2
c in
tr rt ln (coi nh ln v cng), ampe k A v dy ni c in tr
khng ng k.
1. Mc vo hai cht A v D mt t in c in dung C v
mc vo hai cht D, E mt cun cm c t cm L, in tr R v cho tn s f = f
0
= 250 Hz.
Ngi ta thy V
1
ch U
1
= 200 (V), vn k V
2
ch U
2
= 100 3 (V), ampe k ch 1 (A). Tnh cc
gi tr C, L, R ca mch.
DB U

AD U
I
R I

L I

o
o
0 UR U+U0 I
U
L
+U
0
U
C
-U
L
+U
0
2. Thay hai linh kin trn bng hai linh kin khc (thuc loi in tr, t in, cun cm) th s
ch ca cc dng c o vn nh trc v hn na khi thay i tn s f ca ngun in th s ch ca
ampe k gim i.
a. Hi mc cc linh kin no vo cc cht ni trn v gii thch ti sao ? Tm cc gi tr R
/
,
L
/
, C
/
(nu c) ca mch v lch pha gia u
AD
v u
DE
.
b. Gi nguyn tn s f = f
0
= 250 Hz v mc thm hai linh kin na ging ht hai linh kin
ca cu 2a vo mch. Hi phi mc th no tha mn; s ch ca cc vn k vn nh trc, nhng
s ch ca ampe k gim i mt na. Trong trng hp , nu thay i tn s f ca ngun in th s
ch ca ampe k thay i nh th no ?
HNG DN GII:
1. Ta c gin vc t nh hnh v :
* Nhn xt :
- Dng i nhanh pha
2
t
so vi u
AD
v chm pha
2
t
so vi u
DF
.
- Tam gic ADE c cc cnh 200 (V), 100 3 (V) v 100 (V)
nn ADE l na tam gic u
+ U
AE
= I.Z = 1.Z Z = 100 ( O). 0.5 im
+ Sin A
=
AE
EF
U
U
U
EF
= U
AE
.Sin A
= 100.Sin60
0
= 100.
2
3

I.R = 100.
2
3
R = 50 3 ( O).
0.5 im
+ Ta c : Cos D
=
DE
DF
U
U
U
DF
= U
DE
Cos D
= 100 3 .
2
3
= 150 (V)
I.Z
L
= 150 Z
L
= 150 ( O).
L.2t f
0
= 150
L =
t 500
150
=
t
3 , 0
(H).
+ U
AD
= I.Z
C
Z
C
= 200 ( O
M C =
0
2
1
f Z
C
t
=
t 500 . 200
1
=
t
5
10
(F).
2. a :Tm cc gi tr R
/
, L
/
, C
/
(nu c) ca mch v lch pha gia u
AD
v u
DE
.
* Khi tng hoc gim tn s f th dng in u gim,
chng t dng in cc i tn s f
0
, nga l c cng
hng. Vy phi mc cun cm vo hai cht A, D v
mc t in vo hai cht D, E c cng hng th tng
tr rt v in tr R
/
.
- Ta c gin vct nh hnh bn :
+ R
/
=
I
U
AE
=
1
100
= 100 ( O).
+ Z
L
/
= Z
C
/
=
I
U
2
=
1
3 100
= 100 3 ( O).
+ L
/
=
0
2
/
f
Z
L
t
=
t 500
3 100
=
t 5
3
(H).
+ C
/
=
0
2
1
/
f Z
C
t
=
t 500 . 3 100
1
=
t . 3 5
10
4
(F)
* lch pha gia u
AD
v u
DE
:
- Dng in nhanh pha
2
t
so vi u
DE
v chm pha
3
t
so vi u
AD
nn lch pha gia u
AD

v u
DE
l
6
5t
.
* Nu i v tr cun cm v t in th ta tr li s cu 1(khng c hin tng cng hng xy
ra).
2.b.Gi nguyn tn s f = f
0
= 250 Hz v mc thm hai linh kin na ging ht hai
linh kin ca cu 2a vo mch. Hi phi mc th no tha mn; s ch ca cc vn k vn
nh trc, nhng s ch ca ampe k gim i mt na. Trong trng hp , nu thay i tn
s f ca ngun in th s ch ca ampe k thay i nh th no ?
* dng in gim i mt na ta mc cc linh kin theo s nh hnh v : 0.5
im
Theo s ny ta c :
R = 2R
/

L = 2L
/
Z
L
= 2L
/
2
0
f t
C =
2
/
C
Z
C
=
0
/
2
2
f C t

V Z
L
/
= Z
C
/
nn trong mch xy ra cng hng Nu thay i tn s f th dng in s gim.
Bi 19: (Tnh Gia Lai, nm hc 2008 - 2009)
Mch in c s nh hnh v.
Cun dy thun cm L. Ngi ta thay i L v C
cng sut mch tun theo biu thc:
2
.
L C
P K Z Z = .
a)Khi
1
( ) L H
t
= th
2
4 K = , dng in trong mch cc i.
Tnh C v R.
b)Tnh lch pha gia u
AE
v u
BD
khi I
max
. Tm lin h gia R, C, L I = K. Lc lch pha
gia u
AE
v u
BD
bng bao nhiu?
HNG DN GII:
a)+ Ta c :
1
.2 . 2 50 100
L
Z L f t t
t
= = = O
+ Khi
2
4 4
L C
K P Z Z = = (1)
+ V mch RLC ni tip c I
max
nn cng hng xy ra 100
L C
Z Z = = O (2)
Do :
4
1 1 10
( )
100 100
C
C F
Z e t t
= = =

+T (1) v (2), c : 4 400(W)
L
P Z = =
+ Mt khc :
2
P R I = , vi
ax
min
R
m
U U
I I
Z
= = = nn
2 2 2
100
25
400
U U
P R
R P
= = = = O
A
R
D
L
C
B E
f=50Hz
~
U=100V
i
L
U
C
U
AE
U
BD
U

O
2

1

A
B
C
C
M
R
R
K
D
Bi 20: (Tnh Gia Lai, nm hc 2008 - 2009)
Cho mch in xoay chiu (hnh v).
Bit in p n nh gia hai im A v B l
120 2 sin ( )
AB
u t V ;
1
mR
C
( m: tham s).
a) Khi kho K ng, tnh m h s
cng sut ca mch bng 0,5.
b) Khi kho K m, tnh m in p u
AB
vung pha vi u
MB
v tnh gi tr in p hiu dng U
MB
.
HNG DN GII:
b)+ Gin vc t v c :

+T gin vc t suy ra :
1 2
=
Vi :
0
1 1
R
100
tan 4 76
25
L L
U Z
U R
= = = = ~
+Suy ra :
0
1 2
38
152
45
AE BD
u u
t
= + = =

+ Ta bit :
2
2
L C
P R I
P K Z Z
=
nn khi I = K, ta suy ra :

2 2
L C L C
L
R Z Z R Z Z R
C
= = =
+Lc ny c:
1
1 2 2
2
tan
tan tan 1
tan
L
L C
C
Z
Z Z
R
Z R
R

= =

+Suy ra:
1 2
2
AE BD
u u
t
= = + =

a)Tnh m os 0, 5 c
+V khi K ng : mch in cu to : C nt (R // R) .

+Lc :
2
2 2
2 2
1
2
os
2 4
( )
2
C
C
R
R
c R Z
R
Z

+Suy ra :
2 2
3 3 3 3
4 2 2 2
C C
Z R Z R mR R m
b)+Nhnh (1) :

1 1 1
2 2 2 2
sin ; os ; 0
C
C C
Z R
c
R Z R Z
(1)
1
l gc lch pha ca
DB
U so vi
1
I
1
( )
2

+Trong tam gic vect dng ta c :
2 2 2
1 2 1 2 1
2 os I I I I I c (2)
V
2 2
1 2 DB C
U I R Z I R (3)

+Suy ra
2
1
2 2
C
RI
I
R Z

+Thay vo (2) c :
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2
C
C C
RI R R
I I I
R Z
R Z R Z

2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4
( )
C C
C C
R Z R Z
I I I I
R Z R Z
(4)

+p dng nh l hnh sin cho tam gic dng, ta c:
2
1
sin sin( )
I I

(5)

+p dng nh l hnh sin cho tam gic th, ta c:
1
1
sin os
sin( )
2
DB AD AD
U U U
c
(6)

+T (5) v (6), suy ra:
2
1 1
sin sin( ) cos
DB
AD
I U
I U

2 2
2 2 2 2
C
C
C C
Z I I R R
I IZ
R Z R Z

+Suy ra: 1
C
Z R mR R m

+Khi m = 1 th Z
C
= R, ta c:
1
1 2 1
os os( ) os os( )
2 2
MB
AB AD DB C
U I R
U U c U c IZ c I R c

(1)

MB
U
1
I
I
2
I
DB
U
DM
U
AB
U
AD
U
1

O
( )

Bi 21: (Tnh An Giang, nm hc 2010 - 2011)
Mt mch in XC gm mt cun dy thun cm c L
1
mc ni tip vi cun dy L
2
=
t 2
1
H; in tr
trong r = 50O. in p XC gia hai u on mch c dng u = t t 100 cos 2 130 (V). Cng hiu
dng trong mch l 1A. Phi mc thm mt t c in dung C l bao nhiu in p gia hai u
cun (L
2
, r) t gi tr cc i.
HNG DN GII:
Ta c: Z = U/I = 130 O. Mt khc:
2 2
2 1
2
) ( Z Z Z r
L L
= + +
2
2 2
2
2 1
) (
e
r Z
L L

= +

t
2 , 1
2 1
= + L L
Khi mc thm t C vo mch, lc ny:

2
2 * 2
2 2 2
) (
. .
day
C L
day day day
Z
Z Z r
U
Z
Z
U
Z I U
+
= = =
in p gia hai u cun dy 2 t cc tiu, tc l trong mch c cng hng
e
e
) (
1
2 1
*
L L
C
Z Z
C L
+ = =
Thay s tm c C=
t 12
10
3
F
............................................................................
NGHIN CU DAO NG BNG PHNG PHP NNG LNG
PP nng lng dng: xc lp mt s tng ng gia nng lng ca h dao ng vi nng lng ca
mt con lc n gin nht gm mt vt nng khi lng m treo trn mt l xo c cng k. Nu biu
thc c nng li x ca h a v dng E=
2 2
2 2 '
x k x m
hd hd
+ th h s dao ng iu ho
x=Asin ) ( = + t vi tn s gc :
hd
hd
m
k
= =
minh ho cho PPNL, ta hy dng n d tm chu k ca con lc n: gm mt vt nng m treo trn
si dy mnh di l. c tham s x, ta chn dch chuyn ca vt nng theo cung trn tnh t v tr
cn bng. ng nng ca con lc l mx
2
/2, tc khi lng hiu dng ng bng khi lng ca vt
nng. i vi nhng lch nh ca con lc (x<<l), th nng ca h l: E
t
=mgh=mgl(1-coso )
+V:
2 2
2 1 1
1 1 1
5 2 1 1
; ;sin sin( )
2 5 2 2 5
1 2 1
cos 1 ; cos( ) sin sin( )
5 2 5 2
I I
I I I
I

+Suy ra:
2
1
2 2 1 2
1 1
2
1
3 5 5 2 1
2 ( 2 )
os os( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 5 2
MB
AB
I
U I
U
I c I c I

1 120
40( )
3 3
MB AB
U U V

=2mglsin
2
2
o
=mgl
2
2
o
=
l
mg
2
2
x
(1) , trong
l
x
= o l gc lch ca con lc. Do , cng hiu dng
by gi l
l
mg
v tn s gc ca dao ng l
hd
hd
m
k
= = =
l
g

Sau y l mt s v d minh ho c th.
Bi ton 1. Mt thanh di l=40cm c un thnh na vng trn nh
cc nan hoa c khi lng khng ng k . Ngi ta gn vo na vng
trn ny mt trc quay nm ngang i qua tm vng trn. Hy tm tn
s gc ca nhng dao ng b ca na vng trn xung quanh v tr cn
bng nu trc quay vung gc vi mt phng . Ly g=9,8 m/s
2
.
Gii:
c tham s x xc nh v tr ca h, ta chn dch chuyn ca cc
im trn thanh ra khi v tr cn bng. Khi ng nng ca h bng
mx
2
/2, vi khi lng hiu dng ng bng khi lng ca thanh.
tnh th nng, ta coi rng ta dch chuyn mt mu ca thanh c chiu di x v khi lng mx/l t
u ny n u kia ca thanh (nh minh ho trong hnh v). Khi tm ca u mu dch chuyn
mt on x, tc l bin thn th nng ca thanh bng E
t
= gx
l
mx
=
l
mg 2
2
2
x
(2) (ta quy c th nng
VTCB=0). iu ny c ngha l cng hiu dng ca h l k
hd
=2mg/l. Do tn s gc ca dao ng
l
hd
hd
m
k
= = =
l
g 2
=7 (rad/s)
Bi ton 2. Mt ng ch U c thit din S=10cm
2
cha 400g nc. Tm tn s gc ca dao ng theo
phng thng ng ca cht lng. B qua ma st v ly g =9,8 m/s
2
.
Gii:
Nu nc dch chuyn mt on x t VTCB th, nh trong bi ton
trc, c th coi mt ct nc nh di x v c khi lng Sx dch
chuyn t nhnh ny sang nhnh kia. bin thn th nng lc l:
E
t
= ( Sx)gx=2 gS
2
2
x

Vi =1g/cm
3
l khi lng ring ca nc. Nh vy cng hiu
dng l 2 gS, cn khi lng hiu dng ng bng khi lng m ca
nc c trong ng. Do tn s gc ca dao ng l:

hd
hd
m
k
= = =
m
gS 2
=7 (rad/s)
Bi tp 3. Mt thanh khng trng lng c un thnh 1/3 vng trn bn knh R=5cm. Nh cc nan
hoa c khi lng khng ng k, ngi ta gn cung trn ny vo mt trc quay nn ngang i qua tm
vng trn v vung gc vi mt phng ca n. Ngi ta gn vo 2 u cung trn 2 vt nng nh nhau.
Hy tm tn s gc ca nhng dao ng b ca cung trn xung quanh v tr cn bng. Ly g=9,8 m/s
2
.
Gii:
lm tham s xc nh lch ca cung trn ra khi v tr cn bng, ta chn gc lch nh o . Khi
ng nng ca h l:
E
k
=2
2
2
2
2
2
2 '
2
2 2 2
o =
mR
mR mv
= =
Tc khi lng hiu dng l m
hd
=2mR
2
( y m l khi lng ca vt nng)

o x
x O

x
x
S l thun tin nu ta biu din th nng ca h qua s bin thin cao trng tm ca h. D thy
rng trng tm ca h nm gia 2 vt nng v cch im treo mt khong l=Rcos60
0
=R/2, do
E
t
=2mgl(1-coso )=2mgl
2
2
o
=mgR
2
2
o
. iu ny c ngha l cng hiu dng k
hd
=mgR v tn s gc
ca dao ng b l:
hd
hd
m
k
= = =
R
g
2
= 10 (rad/s)
(Coi nh l mt bi luyn tp nh, em hy lm li bi ton trn nhng by gi chn tham s xc nh
v tr ca h khng phi l gco m l dch chuyn quen thuc x=Ro )
Bi ton 4. Mt thanh c khi lng M=20g v chiu di l=118cm c un thnh mt na vng trn,
v nh cc nan hoa c khi lng khng ng k ngi ta gn na vng trn ny vo mt trc quay
nm ngang i qua tm vng trn v vung gc vi mt phng ca n. Ngi ta gn vo gia thanh mt
vt nng m=100g. Hy tm tn s gc ca nhng dao ng b ca na vng trn xung quanh v tr cn
bng. Ly g=9,8 m/s
2
v t =3.14
Gii:
C th coi bi ton ny l t hp ca v d v con lc n v bi ton 1. Do khi tnh th nng cn
phi s dng ng thi phng php tnh cao khi gc lch b (cng thc (1))v phng php dch
chuyn mt mu ca thanh(cng thc (2)). Khi ta c
E
t
=(mgR(1-coso )+
2
) 2 (
2
2
2
2 2 2
x
l
g M m x
l
Mg x
R
mg
gx
l
Mx +
= + =
t
.
V ng nng ca h bng E
k
=(m+M)
2
2 '
x

nn tn s gc ca dao ng l:
hd
hd
m
k
= = =
l
g
M m
M m
+
+ 2 t
=5 (rad/s)
Bi ton 5. Mt thanh khng trng lng c chiu di l=3,5m c th quay t do
quanh mt trc nm ngang i qua mt u ca thanh. Ngi ta gn vo u t do
ca thanh mt vt nng khi lng m v vo trung im ca thanh vt nng khi
lng 3m. Hy tm tn s gc ca nhng dao ng b thanh xung quanh v tr cn
bng. Ly g=9,8 m/s
2
.
Gii:
lm tham s xc nh lch ca thanh, ta chn dch chuyn ca thanh dc
theo cung trn. Nh vy dch chuyn ca vt bn trn l x/2./ Khi ng
nng ca h l:
E
k
=
2
75 , 1
2
) 2 / ( 3
2
2 ' 2 ' 2 '
x
m
x m mx
= + : Tc khi lng hiu dng ca h l m
hd
=1,75m.
Th nng ca h l E
t
=(mgl(1-coso )+ 3mg
2
5 , 2
) cos 1 (
2
2
x
l
mg l
= o .
Do k
hd
=2,5mg/l. vy tn s dao ng b ca h l :
hd
hd
m
k
= = =
l
g
7
10
=2 (rad/s)
Bi ton 6. Mt thanh khng trng lng di l=50cm c th quay t do quanh mt
trc nm ngang i qua mt u ca thanh. Ngi ta gn vo u t do ca thanh
mt vt nng khi lng m=0,5kg v vo trung im ca thanh mt l xo nm
ngang c cng k=32N/m. Khi thanh v tr thng ng, l xo khng bin dng.
Hy tm tn s gc ca nhng dao ng b ca h xung quanh v tr cn bng. Ly
g =10m/s
2
.
Gii:
O

o

3m x/2

m x
O

k

x
m
lm tham s xc nh lch ca h, ta chn dch chuyn ca vt nng theo cung trn. Vi
dch chuyn , bin dng ca l xo l x/2. Khi th nng ca h l
E
t
=
l
mg
2
2
x
+k
2 4 2
) 2 / (
2 2
x k
l
mg x
|
.
|
\
|
+ = . Hin nhin, khi lng hiu dng ca h ng bng khi lng
ca h. Khi tn s dao ng ca h l:
hd
hd
m
k
= = =
m
k
l
g
4
+ = 6 (rad/s)
Bi ton 7. Hai u mt thanh khng trnglng c chiu di l=10cm, ngi ta gn 2 qu cu nh, mi
qu c khi lng m=9g. Bit rng 2 qu cu tch in tri du v ln ca cc in tch bng
q=3 C v ton b h thng c t trong mt in trng u c cng E=600V/m v c hng
song song vi thanh khi VTCB. Hy tm tn s gc ca nhng dao ng b ca h trn xung quang
VTCB. B qua tc dng ca trng lc.
Gii:
V tng cc lc tc dng ln h bng khng, nn h quy chiu gn vi
tm qun tnh ca h l mt h quy chiu qun tnh. Do ta c thg
xem im gia ca thanh l ng yn. lm tham s c trng cho
lch ca h khi v tr cn bng, ta chn gc quay o ca h.
ng nng ca h l: E
k
=2
2 2 2
) 2 / (
2 ' 2 2 '
o o ml l m
= . iu ny c ngha l khi lng hiu dng ca h
bng m
hd
=ml
2
/2. bin thin th nng khi thanh quay mt gc b o bng cng m lc in trng
thc hin ly vi du ngc li.
E
t
= 2qE ( ) o cos 1
2

l
=qEl
2
2
o
. iu ny c ngha l cng hiu dng ca h bng k
hd
=qEl. T suy
ra tn s gc ca dao ng ca thanh l:
hd
hd
m
k
= = =
ml
qE 2
=2 (rad/s)
Bi ton 8. Mt ng di c un thnh gc vung c t sao cho
mt nhnh thng ng. Trong nhnh thng ng ngi ta d mt si
dy di l=90cm sao cho mt u ca n nm im un ca ng.
Hi qua thi gian bao lu (tnh ra mili giy) sau khi bung tay ra th
n trt c mt na vo nhnh nm ngang ca ng? B qua ma
st. ly g=10m/s
2
v t =3,14.
Gii:
Nu ti thi im t phn dy cn li nhnh thng ng c chiu di
x th nng lng ca h c dng:
E=
2 2
'
2 2
'
2 2 2
x
l
mg mx x
g
l
mx mx
+ = +
Trong d mx/l l khi lng ca on dy nm trong nhnh thng ng, v x/2 l cao trng tm ca
n. V biu thc ny ng nht vi biu thc ca nng lng ca dao ng iu ho vi tn s gc
l
g
= = , v vn tc ban u bng khng, nn chuyn ng xy ra theo quy lut x=lcos= t (v ti thi
im ban u x
0
=l). Cng thc ny ch c hi lc trong chu k, khi m x cha =0, ngha l khi ton b
si dy cha nm trn ven trong ng nm ngang. tnh thi gian cn tm, ta ch cn t vo cng
thc trn x=l/2. Gii phng trnh ta nhn c: T =
g
l
3 3
t
=
t
= =314 ms
Bi tp

-q E
o q
x
Bi ton 9. Mt thanh di l=20 cm dc un thnh mt cung trn, c chiu di bng 1/6 vng trn.
Nh cc nan hoa c khi lng khng ng k ngi ta gn cung trn ny vo mt trc quay nm
ngang i qua tm vng trn v vung gc vi mt phng ca n. Ngi ta gn vo 2 u cung trn 2
vt nng nh nhau. Hy tm tn s gc ca nhng dao ng b ca cung trn xung quanh v tr cn
bng. Ly g=9,8 m/s
2
.
S:
l
g
= = = 7 (rad/s)
Bi ton 10. Mt bnh xe mnh c khi lng M=400g vi cc nan hoa khng trnh lng c th quay
t do quanh trc nm ngang. Trn bnh xe ngi ta gn mt vt nng c khi lng m=100g. Hy tm
tn s gc ca nhng dao ng b ca h xung quanh VTCB. Bit bn knh ca bnh xe R=50cm. Ly
g=10m/s
2
.
S:
R
g
M m
m
+
= = =2(rad/s)
Bi ton 11. Mt thanh khng trng lng di l=2,5m c un im gia thnh 2 nhnh lp vi
nhau mt gc 120
0
. Hai u ca thanh c gn 2 vt nng nh nhau. Bit rng thanh c ng ch
un vo mt chic inh ng trn tng. Hy tm tn s gc ca nhng dao ng b ca h xung quang
v tr cn bng. ly g=10m/s
2
.
S:
l
g
= = =2(rad/s)
Bi ton 12. Mt thanh khng trng lng di l=40cm c th quay t do xung quanh mt trc nm
ngang i qua mt u thanh. Ti im gia ca thanh ngi ta gn vt nng c khi lng m=0,5kg,
cn u di ca thanh c gn vi mt u ca mt l xo nm ngang, cn u kia ca l xo c
gi c nh. Bit rng cng ca l xo l k=30N/m v khi thanh v tr thng ng l xo khng bin
dng. Hy tm tn s gc ca nhng dao ng b ca h xung quang VTCB. Ly g=9,8m/s
2
.
S:
m
k
l
g
4
2
+ = = =8 (rad/s).
Bi ton 13. Mt thanh di l=40cm nng m=0,5kg c un thnh mt na vng trn. Nh cc nan
hoa c khi lng khng ng k ngi ta gn cung trn ny vo mt trc
quay nm ngang i qua tm O ca vng trn v vung gc vi mt phng ca
n. Mt u ca thanh c gn vo u di ca mt l xo thng ng, u
trn ca l xo c gi c nh (nh hnh v). Bit cng ca l xo
k=16N/m v khi thanh VTCB l xo khng bin dng. Hy tm tn s gc
ca nhng dao ng b ca cung trn xung quanh VTCB. Ly g=9,8 m/s
2
.
S:
m
k
l
g
+ =
2
= =9 (rad/s)
Bi ton 14. Ngi ta d u trn ca mt sn xch mnh c chiu di l=45cm nm trn mt mt
phng nghing lp vi mt phng ngang mt gc o =30
0
. Hi qua thi gian bao lu (tnh ra mili giy)
sau khi bung u dy xch ra, th dy xch hon ton ri khi mt phng nghing? Bit rng thi
im ban u, u di ca dy xch chm mp di ca mt phng nghing. Ly g=10m/s
2
v
t =3,14.
S: t=
o
t
sin 2 g
l
=471 (ms)

p dng bt ng thc Bunhia Cpski:
O

Bi ton 1: Hai chuyn ng trn AO v BO cng hng v O vi
0 1
2
; 30
3
v
v o = = . Khi khong cch
gia hai vt cc tiu l d
min
th khong cch t vt mt n O l
'
1
30 3( ) d cm = . Hy tnh khong cch
t vt hai n O.
BI GII
Gi d
1
, d
2
l khong cch t vt mt v vt hai n O lc u ta xt ( t = 0 ).
p dng nh l hm sin ta c:
' '
1 2 1 1 2 2
sin sin sin sin sin sin
d d d v t d v d d
o | o |

= = = = .
V
1
2
3
v
v = nn ta c:
1 1 2 1
0
3
sin30 sin 3sin
d v t d v t d
|

= = .
p dng tnh cht ca phn thc ta c:
1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 1
3 ( 3 ) ( ) 3
sin 3sin 3sin sin 3sin sin
d v t d v t d v t d v t d d
| | |

= = =

2 1
0
3
sin30 3sin sin
d d d
|

Mt khc, tac:
0 0
sin sin(180 ) sin( ) sin(30 ) | | o = = + = +
0 0 0
3sin 3sin(30 ) 3(sin30 cos cos30 sin ) | = + = +
3 3
cos sin
2 2
= +
2 1
0
3
sin30 3 1 1
cos sin sin
2 2 2
d d d

=
+

0
2 1 2 1
( 3 )sin30 3
3 1 3cos sin
cos sin
2 2
d d d d
d

= =
+
+

Vy
2 1 2 1
3 3
3cos sin
d d d d
d
y

= =
+
.
Khong cch gia hai vt d
min
y
max
vi y =
2
( 3cos sin ) +
p dng bt ng thc Bunhia Cpski:

2 2 2 2 2
( 3cos sin ) (( 3) 1 ).(cos sin ) 2 + s + + =
y
max
= 2
0
3 cos
cot 3 30
1 sin
g
= = = v
0
120 | =
Lc :
' ' 0
' ' ' 1 2
2 1 1 0 0 0
sin120
. 3 90( )
sin30 sin120 sin30
d d
d d d m = = = =
Vy, khong cch t vt hai n O lc ny l: d
2
= 90(m)
Bi ton 2: Cho c h nh hnh v:Cho bit: H s ma st gia M v sn
l k
2
.H s ma st gia M v m l k
1.
Tc dng mt lc F ln M theo
phng hp vi phng ngang mt gc o . Hy tm F
min
m thot khi
M.tnh gc o tng ng?
BI GII
A
O
B
d
1

d

d
2

o
|

F
o
M
m
O
y

1
P
F
o
21 ms
F
12 ms
F
1
N
2
N
x
+ Xt vt m:
1 1 21 ms
P N F ma + + = (1).
Chiu ln OX: F
ms21
= ma
21
1
mn
F
a
m
=
Chiu ln OY: N
1
P
1
= 0 N
1
= P
1

F
ms21
= k
1
.N
1
= k
1
.mg

1
1 1
k mg
a k g
m
= = . Khi vt bt u trt th th a
1
= k
1
mg.
+ Xt vt M:
2 1 2 12 2
( )
ms ms
F P P N F F M m a + + + + + = + .
Chiu ln trc OX:
12 2
cos ( )
ms ms
F F F M m a o = +
12
2
cos
ms ms
F F F
a
M m
o
=
+

Chiu ln OY:
1 2 2 2 1 2
sin ( ) 0 sin F P P N N P P F o o + + = = +
Ta c:
12 1 ms
F k mg =

2 2 2 1 2
( sin )
ms
F k N k P P F o = = +
1 2 1 2
2
cos ( sin ) F k mg k P P F
a
M m
o o +
=
+

Khi vt trt
1 2
a a s
1 2 1 2
1
cos ( sin ) F k mg k P P F
k g
M m
o o +
s
+

1 2 1 2 1 2
( ) (cos sin ) ( ) k g M m F k k mg k P P o o + s + +
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
2
( ) (2 ) ( ) (2 )
cos sin
k k Mg k k mg k k Mg k k mg
F
k y o o
+ + + + + +
> =
+

Nhn xt: F
min
y
max
. Theo bt ng thc Bunhia Cpski:
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
(cos sin ) (1 )(cos sin ) 1 y k k k o o o o = + s + + = +
2
max 2
1 y k = + .

Vy
1 2 1 2
min
2
2
( ) (2 )
1
k k Mg k k mg
F
k
+ + +
=
+

Lc :
2
2
sin
cos 1
k
tg k
o
o
o
= =
p dng tam thc bc hai:
Bi ton 1: Mt con kin bm vo u B ca mt thanh cng mnh AB c chiu
di L ang dng ng cnh mt bc tng thng ng. Vo thi im m u B
ca thanh bt u chuyn ng sang phi vi vn tc khng i v theo sn ngang
th con kin bt u b dc theo thanh vi vn tc khng i u i vi thanh.
Trong qu trnh b trn thanh , con kin t c cao cc i l bao nhiu i
vi sn? Cho u A ca thanh lun t ln sn thng ng.
BI GII
Khi B di chuyn mt on s = v.t th con kin i c mt on l = u.t.
cao m con kin t c:
sin sin h l ut o o = = vi
2 2 2
sin
L v t
L
o

=
2 2 2 4
.
u u
h L t v t y
L L
= =
Vi y =
2 2 2 4
. L t v t t X = t
2

2 2
. y v X L X = +
Nhn xt:
max max
. h y y l tam thc bc hai c a = - v
2
< 0
A
B
h
B
u
y
max
ti nh Parabol
2 4 4
max max 2 2
4 4( ) 4
L L
y y
a v v
A
= = =

4
max 2
4
L
y
v
= ti
2
2
2 2
b L
X
a v
= =
Vy cao m con kin t c l :
max max
.
2
u u L
h y
L v
= =
p dng gi tr cc i ca hm s sin v hm s cosin:
Bi ton 1:Hai vt chuyn ng t A v B cng hng v im O vi cng vn tc . Bit
AO = 20km; BO = 30km; Gc
0
60 o = . Hy xc nh khong cch ngn nht gia chng trong qu
chuyn ng?
BI GII
Xt ti thi im t : Vt A A

Vt B B

Khong cch d = A
B

Ta c:
sin sin sin
d AO vt BO vt
o |

= =
10
sin sin sin sin sin
d BO AO
o | |
= =

10
sin
2cos .sin
2 2
d
| |
o
=
+
vi
0
120 | + =
0
0
10sin60 5 3
2cos 60 .sin sin
2 2
d d
| |
= =

Nhn xt: d
min
(sin ) 1
2
|
=
min
5 3( ) d cm =
Bi ton 2:
Cho mch in nh hnh v: Cho bit:
0.9
( ) L H
t
= , U
MN

khng i, C thay i, R
A
= 0, R
V
rt ln, tn s
ca dng in f = 50Hz ; r = 90( O). Hy chng t rng
khi iu chnh C hiu in th trn cc vn k lch pha
nhau mt gc
2
t
th U
C
t gi tr cc i.

BI GII
Mch in c v li :
Ta c : 90( )
L
Z Le = = O
+ Gianr vc t:
T gin vc t ta c:
+
1 1
1
4
L L
r
U Z
tg
U r
t
= = = = .
+
1
1
.sin( )
sin sin( ) sin
MN C MN
C
U U U
U

o o
+
= =
+

o
|
A
A
O
B
B
C
L,
r
M
N
B
V
1
A
V
2
C
L,
r
B
N
M
V
1
A
V
2
L
U
BM
U
M
1
2 2 4 4
t t t t
o = = =
1
1
sin( )
2 sin( )
sin
4
MN
C MN
U
U U

t
+
= = +
Nhn xt: U
C
cc i khi
1 1
sin( ) 1
2
t
+ = + = =1
Theo bi ra: Hiu in th trn cc vn k lch pha nhau
2
t

1 2
( , )
2 2
BM MN
U U
t t
= + = iu phi chng minh
5. Dng phng php o hm:
Bi ton 1: Cho mch in nh hnh v:
4
10
200 2 cos100 ( )., 100( ); ( )
2
AB
u t V R C F t
t
= = O =
Cun dy thun cm v c t cm L thay i c.Tm L
U
AM
t gi tr cc i. Tm gi tr cc i .
BI GII
Dung khng:
1
200( )
C
Z
C e
= = O
Tng tr :
2 2 2 2
( ) ;
L C AM L
Z R Z Z Z R Z = + = +
Ta c : . .
AM AM AM
U
U I Z Z
Z
= =
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
1
AM
L C L C C C L
L L
U U
U
R Z Z Z Z Z Z Z
R Z R Z
= =
+ +
+
+ +

t y =
2
2 2
2
1
C C L
L
Z Z Z
R Z
+
+

Nhn xt: U
AM
cc i
min
y y =
2 2
'
2 2 2
2 (
( )
C L C L
L
Z Z Z Z R
y
R Z

=
+
.
' 2 2
0 0
L C L
y Z Z Z R = =
2 2
4
241( )
2
C C
L
Z Z R
Z
+ +
= = O hoc
2 2
4
0
2
C C
L
Z Z R
Z
+
= < (loi).
Bng bin thin:
Z
L
0 241
+
y - 0 +
y
y
min

Vy, khi Z
L
= 241( O) L = 0,767(H) th y
min
U
AM
cc i.
2 2
max
( 4 )
482( ).
2
C C
AM
U R Z Z
U
R
+ +
= = O
Bi ton 2: Cho mch in nh hnh v: 2 cos
AB
u U t e =
M
C L R
A
B
M
C L
R
A
B
R khng i, cun dy thun cm c L khng i. T C c in dung thay i . Tm C U
AM
cc i?
Tnh gi tr cc i ?
BI GII
2 2
.
.
( )
AM
AM AM
L C
U Z
U I Z
R Z Z
= =
+

2
2 2
2
1
AM
L L C
C
U U
U
y
Z Z Z
R Z
= =
+
+

U
AM
cc i khi y = y
min
.
Tng t nh bi ton 1, ta tm c : Khi
2 2
4
2
L L
C
R Z Z
Z
+ +
= th y
min
v U
AM
cc i.

2 2
max
( 4 )
2
L L
AM
U R Z Z
U
R
+ +
= khi
2 2
2
( 4
L L
C
R Z Z e
=
+ +

Bi ton 3:Cho mch in nh hnh v:

4
10
200 2 cos100 ( ). 100( ); ( )
AB
u t V R C F t
t
= = O =
Cun dy thun cm v c th thay i c t cm . Hy xc
nh L hiu in th U
L
t cc i. Tnh gi tr cc i ?
BI GII
+ Cm khng:
L
Z Le = , dung khng
1
100( )
C
Z
C e
= = O
+ Tng tr:
2 2
( )
C L
Z R Z Z = +
Ta c:
2 2
. .
.
( )
L
L L
L C
U Z U Z
U I Z
Z
R Z Z
= = =
+

2 2
2
1 1
( ). 2 . 1
L
C C
L L
U U
U
y
R Z Z
Z Z
= =
+ +

+ Nhn xt: U
Lmax
y
min
, vi y l tam thc bc hai c a = R
2
+Z
C
2
> 0 nn
y
min
ti nh Parabol
Ta nh
2 2 2 2 2 2 '
2 2
1
C C C C
L
L C C C C
Z R Z R Z R Z b
x Z L L
a Z R Z Z Z Z
e
e
+ + +
= = = = =
+

Thay s :
2 2
100 100 2
( )
100.100
L H
t t
+
= =
2 2
max
200 2( )
C
L
U R Z
U V
R
+
= =
- M rng: Nu L = cosnt , t C c in dung thay i tm C U
C
cc i ta lm tng t nh
trn v kt qu:
2 2
max
C
C
U R Z
U
R
+
= khi
2 2
L
C
L
R Z
Z
Z
+
=

p dng bt ng thc Csi:
Bi ton 1:Cho mch in nh hnh v: Cho bit: 12V = , r = 4O, R l mt bin
tr.Tm gi tr
ca R cng sut mch ngoi t gi tr cc i.
BI GII
C L R
A
B
r
R
-Dng in trong mch: I
R r
=
+

- Cng sut: P = I
2
.R =
2
2
.
( )
R
R r
+

2
2 2
2
R
P
R rR r
=
+ +
=
2 2
2
2
( )
2
r
r
R
R r
R R

=
+
+ +
.
t ( )
r
y R
R
= +
2
2
P
y
=
Nhn xt: P
ma x
y
min

Theo bt ng thc Csi: Tch hai s khng i, tng nh nht khi hai s bng nhau => y
min

r
R
R
= R = r = 4( ) O th
2 2 2
max
12
9( )
2 4 4.4
P W
r r r r

= = = =
+ +

Bi ton 2: Cho mch in nh hnh v: 200 2 cos100 ( ).
AB
u t V t =
1
( ) L H
t
= ,
4
10
( ).
2
C F
t
= R thay i.
a. Tm R cng sut trn R cc i khi r = 0.
b. Tm R cng sut trn R cc i khi r = 50( ) O
BI GII
a. + Cm khng 100( )
L
Z Le = = O .
+ Dung khng:
1
200( ).
C
Z
C e
= = O
+ Tng tr:
2 2
( )
L C
Z R Z Z = + .
+ Cng sut : P = I
2
.R =
2 2
2 2 2
. .
( )
L C
U U
R R
Z R Z Z
=
+

2
2
( )
L C
U
P
Z Z
R
R
=
+
t
2
( )
L C
Z Z
y R
R
= +
2
U
P
y
=
+ Nhn xt: Theo bt ng thc csi y
min
100( )
L C
R Z Z = = O , lc
2 2 2
max
200
200(W)
2 2.100 200
L C
U U
P
Z Z
= = = =
.
Vy P
ma x
= 200(W) khi R = 100( ) O
b. + Tng tr
2 2
( ) ( )
L C
Z R r Z Z = + +
+ Cng sut
2 2
2
2 2 2
. . .
( ) ( )
L C
U U
P I R R R
Z R r Z Z
= = =
+ +

2
2 2 2
.
2 ( )
L C
U
P R
R Rr r Z Z
=
+ + +
=
2
2 2
( )
2
L C
U
r Z Z
R r
R
+
+ +

t
2 2
( )
2
L C
r Z Z
y R r
R
+
= + +
2
U
P
y
= .
+Nhn xt: P
max

min
y .
Theo bt ng thc Csi
2 2
min
( )
L C
r Z Z
y R
R
+
=
2 2
( )
L C
R r Z Z = +
C L,
r
R
A
B
2
max
2 2
2 2
2 2
( )
( ) 2
( )
L C
L C
C C
U
P
r Z Z
r Z Z r
r Z Z
=
+
+ + +
+
2
max
2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
( ) . ( )
( ) 2
( ) . ( )
L C L C
L C
L C L C
U
P
r Z Z r Z Z
r Z Z r
r Z Z r Z Z
=
+ +
+ + +
+ +

2
max
2 2
2. ( ) 2
L C
U
P
r Z Z r
=
+ +

2
max
2 2
200
124( )
2.( 50 (100 200) 50)
P W = =
+ +

Vy P
max
= 124(W) th
2 2
( ) 100( )
L C
R r Z Z = + = O .
*M rng: Khi tnh P ca mch:
+ Nu
L C
Z Z r > th P
max
khi
L C
R Z Z r = .
+Nu
L C
Z Z r s th P
max
khi R = 0.
Bi ton 3: Vt m
1
chuyn ng vi vn tc
1
v ti A v ng thi va chm vi vt m
2
ang nm yn
ti . Sau va chm, m
1
c

vn tc
'
1
v . Hy xc nh t s
'
1
1
v
v
ca m
1
gc lch o gia
1
v v
'
1
v l ln
nht
max
o . Cho m
1
> m
2
, va chm l n hi v h c xem l h kn.
BI GII
* ng lng ca h trc va chm:
1 1 1 T
P P mv = =
* ng lng ca h sau va chm :
' ' ' '
1 2 1 1 2 2 S
P P P mv m v = + = +
V h l kn nn ng lng c bo ton :
1 S T
P P P = =
Gi
'
1 1 1
( , ) ( , ).
S
v v P P o = =
Ta c:
'2 '2 2
2 1 1 1 2
2 cos P P P PP o = + (1).
Mt khc, v va chm l n hi nn ng nng bo ton:
2 '2 '2
1 1 1 1 2 2
2 2 2
mv mv m v
= +
2 2 2 2 2 '2
1 1 1 1 2 2
1 1 2
2 2 2
m v m v m v
m m m
= +
2 '2 ' 2
1 1 2
1 1 2
2 2 2
P P P
m m m
= +
2 ' 2 ' 2
2 ' 2 ' 2 1 1 2 1
1 1 2
1 2 2
. . .
2 2
P P P m
P P P
m m m
= =
2 ' 2
' 2 2 1 1
2
1
( ) m P P
P
m
= (2).
T (1) v (2) ta suy ra:
'
2 1 2 1
'
1 1 1 1
(1 ) (1 ) 2cos
m P m P
m P m P
o + + =
'
2 1 2 1
'
1 1 1 1
(1 ). (1 ). 2cos
m v m v
m v m v
o + + =
t
'
1
1
0
v
x
v
= >
2 2
1 1
1
(1 ). (1 ). 2cos
m m
x
m m x
o + + =

max
o th
min
(cos ) o
Theo bt ng thc Csi
2 2
min
1 1
min
1
(cos ) (1 ). (1 ).
m m
x
m m x
o
(
+ +
(

Tch hai s khng i, tng nh nht khi hai s bng nhau
2 2
1 1
1
1 . 1 .
m m
x
m m x
| | | |
+ =
| |
\ . \ .

1 2
1 2
m m
x
m m
=
+

s
p
1
p
2
p
Vy khi
'
1 1 2
1 1 2
v m m
v m m
=
+
th gc lch gia
1
v v
'
1
v cc i.Khi ,
2 2
1 2
max
1
cos
m m
m
o

= .
T TRNG
Bi 1. Mt dy dn cng c in tr khng ng k, c un thnh khung ABCD nm trong mt
phng nm ngang,c AB v CD song song vi nhau, cch nhau mt khong l=0,5m, c t trong
mt t trng u c cm ng t B=0,5T hng vung gc vi mt phng ca khung nh hnh 1. Mt
thanh dn MN c in tr R=0,5O c th trt khng ma st dc theo hai cnh
AB v CD.
a) Hy tnh cng sut c hc cn thit ko thanh MN trt u vi vn tc
v=2m/s dc theo cc thanh AB v CD. So snh cng sut ny vi cng sut
ta nhit trn thanh MN v nhn xt.
b) Thanh ang trt u th ngng tc dng lc. Sau thanh cn c th
trt thm c on ng bao nhiu nu khi lng ca thanh l m=5gam?
Bi 2. Bit cm ng t gy bi mt dng in chy trong dy dn mnh,
thng ti mt im M (hnh 4):
7
M 1 2
I
B 10 . (sin sin )
R
= o + o
Hy tnh cm ng t ti tm O ca dng in chy trong dy
dn mnh hnh trn bn knh R?

QUANG HNH
Cu 3 .Cho quang h ng trc gm thu knh phn k O
1
v thu knh hi t O
2
. Mt im sng S nm
trn trc chnh ca h trc O
1
mt on 20cm. Mn E t vung gc trc chnh ca h sau O
2
cch O
2

mt on 30cm. Khong cch gia hai thu knh l 50cm. Bit tiu c ca O
2
l 20cm v h cho nh r
nt trn mn. Thu knh phn k O
1
c dng phng - lm, bn knh mt lm l 10cm.
1. Tnh tiu c ca thu knh phn k O
1
v chit sut ca cht lm thu knh ny.
2. Gi S, O
1
v mn E c nh, ngi ta thay thu knh O
2
bng mt thu knh hi t
L t ng trc vi O
1
. Dch chuyn L t st O
1
n mn th vt sng trn mn khng
bao gi thu nh li thnh mt im, nhng khi L cch mn 18cm th ng knh vt
sng trn mn l nh nht. Tnh tiu c ca thu knh L.
C HC VT RN
Cu 2 Mt thanh mnh ng cht, c khi lng m chiu di L, c trcquay c nh
nm ngang vung gc vi thanh v i qua u trn ca thanh (Hnh 2).B
qua mi ma st v lc cn khng kh, gia tc ri t do l g.
1. Thanh ang ng yn th mt cht im c khi lng m
1
= m/3 bay ngang vi
vn tc 0 v theo phng vung gc vi trc quay n cm vo trung im ca thanh.
Tnh tc gc ca thanh ngay sau va chm v c nng mt mt lc va chm.
2. Cho gL V 10
0
= . Tnh gc lch cc i ca thanh.
DAO NG C
Cu 1 Cho c h nh hnh 1:
Hai l xo nh c cng ln lt l K
1
= 60N/m;K
2
= 40N/m;
M = 100g; m = 300g. B qua ma stgia M vi sn, ly g = t
2

= 10(m/s
2
). Ti v tr cn bng ca h hai l xo khng bin
dng. a hai vt lch khi v tr cn bng mt on 4cm ri
-

-

m
1

0
v

Hnh 2
-
K
1 K
2
m
M
M
Hnh 1
A
B
C D
v

M
N
Hnh
1
B

I
|
1
|
2 R
o
1
o
2
M
Hnh 4
th nh, ngi ta thy hai vt khng trt i vi nhau.
1. Chng minh h dao ng iu ho, tnh chu k dao ng v vn tc cc i ca h.
2. H s ma st ngh gia m v M phi tho mn iu kin no h hai vt dao ng iu ho ?
3. Khi l xo K
2
b nn 2cm th ngi ta gi c nh im chnh gia ca l xo K
2
, h vn dao ng
iu ho. Tnh bin dao ng ca h sau .
Bi 2Vt nng c khi lng m nm trn mt mt phng nhn nm ngang, c ni vi mt l xo c
cng k, l xo c gn vo bc tng ng ti im A nh hnh 2a. T mt thi im no , vt
nng bt u chu tc dng ca mt lc khng i F hng theo trc l xo
nh hnh v.
a) Hy tm qung ng m vt nng i c v thi gian vt i ht
qung ng y k t khi bt u tc dng lc cho n khi vt dng li ln
th nht.
b) Nu l xo khng khng gn vo im A m c ni vi mt
vt khi lng M nh hnh 2b, h s ma st gia M v mt ngang l .
Hy xc nh ln ca lc F sau vt m dao ng iu ha.
Bi 1: Mt khc g nh khi lng M = 300g, c gn vo mt l xo
khng khi lng c chiu di t nhin l
0
= 40(cm), c cng k = 75(N/m), mt u l xo gn c nh
vo tng. Mt vt nh khc c khi lng m = 100g chuyn ng trn
mt bn nm ngang theo phng ca trc l xo vi vn tc
v
0
=80(cm/s) n va chm vi M (Hnh1). Coi va chm l tuyt i n
hi. Sau khi va chm M dao ng iu ho. B qua mi ma st,
ly
2
=10. Chn Ox nh hnh v
1.Chn t = 0 lc va chm, vit phng trnh dao ng ca vt.?
2.Tnh vn tc trung bnh ca M trong on t v tr l xo nn 4cm n
v tr l xo gin ?
3.Gi s u cn li ca l xo khng gn vi tng m ch tip xc vi tng khi M ang ng
yn.Hy v th vn tc ca M sau khi va chm vi m?
Bi 1: Vt M nm yn trn mt phng nm ngang v
mt vt nng m c ni vi nhau bng mt l xo v
v mt si dy nh khng dn vt qua rng rc c nh
nh hnh v (H 1). H s ma st gia vt M v mt
ngang l = 0,3. Bit M/m = 5. Vt m thc hin dao
ng iu ho theo phng thng ng vi chu k
T = 0,5 s. Vt m c th dao ng vi bin cc i
l bao nhiu m bo cho n dao ng iu ho?

SNG C
Cu 3 Trn mt nc c hai ngun pht sng kt hp A, B dao ng theo phng trnh:
cm t u
A
) 20 cos( 2 t = v cm t u
B
) 20 cos( 2 t t + = .Coi bin sng khng i, tc sng l 60cm/s.
1. Vit phng trnh sng tng hp ti im M cch A, B nhng on l:MA = 9cm; MB = 12cm.
2. Cho AB = 20cm. Hai im C, D trn mt nc m ABCD l hnh ch nht vi AD = 15cm. Tnh
s im dao ng vi bin cc i on trn AB v trn on AC.
F
m
k
Hnh
2a
A
F
m
k
Hnh
2b
M

O
40cm
M m
V
0
x
Hnh 1

m
m
k
3. Hai im M
1
v M
2
trn on AB cch A nhng on 12cm v 14cm. Tnh lch pha dao ng
ca M
1
so vi M
2
.

.
Cu 4: Mt sng dng trn mt si dy mnh, phng trnh dao ng ca mt im trn dy c dng:
) )(
2
40 sin(
2
cos . cm t
x
a u
t
t
t
+ = . Trong u l li ca mt im trn dy c v tr cn bng cch gc O
mt on x( x: o bng m; t: o bng s).
a) Tnh tc truyn sng trn dy.
b) Bin dao ng ca mt im c v tr cn bng cch mt nt 0,5m l 3cm. Tnh vn tc cc i
ca mt bng sng.
c) Hai im M
1
v M
2
i xng vi nhau qua mt nt sng. Ti mt thi im no li ca M
1
l
1,2cm, hy xc nh li ca M
2
ti thi im .
Bi 3.Hai ngun sng kt hp S
1
v S
2
cch nhau 2m dao ng iu ha cng pha, pht ra hai sng c
bc sng 1m. Mt im A nm khong cch l k t S
1
v AS
1
S
1
S
2
.
a)Tnh gi tr cc i ca l ti A c c cc i ca giao thoa.
b)Tnh gi tr ca l ti A c c cc tiu ca giao thoa.
IN XOAY CHIU
Bi 4Mt ampe k nhit c in tr khng ng k mc vo mch o
gi tr hiu dng ca dng in xoay chiu trong mch in nh hnh 3.
Khi kha K ng, ampe k ch I
1
=1A. Khi kha K ngt th ampe k ch bao
nhiu? it l l tng, R l in tr thun.

Bi 5. Biu thc ca cng dng in trong mt mch dao ng LC l . cos
0
t I i e = Sau 1/8 chu k
dao ng th nng lng t trng ca mch ln hn nng lng in trng bao nhiu ln? Sau thi
gian bao nhiu chu k th nng lng t trng ln gp 3 ln nng lng in trng ca mch?
Bi2: Cho mch in nh hnh 2:
AB
u 100 2sin100 t(V) = t ,
1 2
R R 30 3( ) = = O , cun thun cm c
0,3
L (H) =
t
. Vn k nhit
c in tr v cng ln. in tr dy ni v kho K khng ng k.
1. Kho K v tr 1:
a) iu chnh C
2
= C
1
, hy vit biu thc u
MN
?
b) Thay i in dung C
2
. Hi t s
2
1
C
?
C
= th s ch vn k cc tiu.
2. Chuyn kho K sang v tr 2: Hi in dung C
2
=? th s ch vn k
l cc i. Tnh gi tr cc i ?

Bi 3: Cho mch in nh hnh 3. Trong cc i t l tng, cc in tr
1 2 3
1
R R 2R 2r
2
= = =
1.Hy xc nh cng sut tiu th trn in tr R
1
nu mch c mc vo
hiu in th xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng U.
A
~
K
Hnh 3
R

V
A B
R
1
M

L

C
1
1

N

C
2
K

2

R
2
Hnh 2

A
B
~
R
1
R
2
R
3
Hnh 3
2. Nu hiu in th xoay chiu t vo 2 u on mch c biu thc u
AB
=U
0
sint.Hy v th
biu din s ph thuc ca cng dng in qua in tr R
1
theo thi gian?

..
MT S BI TP N THI
CU 1. Mt dy ng ng knh d = 0,2mm c ph mt lp sn cch in mng c qun thnh N
vng xp lin nhau to thnh mt ng dy, ng dy c chiu di l v c ng knh D = 5cm. Trong
ng dy c dng in I
0
=1A. Ngt cc u dy ca ng khi ngun, hy xc nh in lng chuyn
qua ng k t lc ngt in.
( Cho bit =1,7. 10
-8
Om,
7
0
10 . 4

t = v t cm ng dy L =
0
2
N
S
l
.)
CU 2. Mt bnh A cha kh l tng p sut 5 . 10
5
Pa v nhit 300 K c ni vi bnh B ln
gp 4 ln bnh A bng mt ng nh. Bnh B cha kh cng loi p sut 1.10
5
Pa v nhit 400 K.
M van cho hai bnh thng nhau v i ti khi cn bng p sut nhng vn gi nhit hai bnh nh
c. p sut chung trong h bng bao nhiu ?

CU 3. Mt vt nng khi lng m (Hnh 2) c ni vi l xo c
cng k, u kia ca l xo gn vi mt bc tng thng ng. H s
ma st gia vt v mt sn nm ngang l . Lm cho vt dao ng
duy tr trn mt sn bng cch mi khi l xo gin cc i bng
/ > l mg k th li truyn cho vt vn tc v
0
hng vo tng.
a) Tm v
0
dao ng n nh.
b) Tm chu k dao ng v v th dao ng x(t), vi v tr l xo khng bin dng lm gc ta .
CU 4. Mt khu i bc c t trn nh mt ngn i cao 2km bn mt vin n theo phng
ngang vi vn tc ban u c ln 800m/s. Sau 5s, cng t i bc ny, ngi ta bn tip mt vin
n th hai. Nu c th thay i th vn tc ban u ca vin n th hai cn c hng v ln th
no c hai vin n ng thi ri vo ng mt mc tiu trn mt t? B qua sc cn ca khng
kh. Trong phm vi chuyn ng ca n, mt t c coi l phng. Ly gia tc ri t do bng 10m/s
2
.

CU 5 . Cho c h nh hnh v 1. Mt phng nghing gc o = 30
0
so vi
phng ngang, vt coi l cht im c khi lng m = 1kg, l xo c
khi lng khng ng k v cng K = 100 N/m. B qua mi ma st,
ly g = 10 m/s
2
.Ban u gi vt im C; l xo c chiu di t nhin,
u A ca l xo c gn c nh, u B cch C mt khong l = 2,5 cm.
Bung nh vt trt xung khng vn tc ban u, vt dnh cht vo
V
A

V
B
=
4V
A

T
A
= 300 K
T
B
= 400 K
M
A

M
B
0
v
o
K
m
l
A
B
C
Hnh 1
u B ca l xo to thnh con lc l xo v dao ng iu ho.
1. Lp phng trnh dao ng ca vt. Chn trc to trng vi trc ca l xo, chiu dng hng
xung di, gc to ti v tr cn bng ca vt, gc thi gian l lc vt bt u dao ng.
2. Tnh thi gian t lc vt bt u dao ng n thi im l xo b nn cc i ln u tin.
3. Tnh lc cc i tc dng vo gi ti im A.
CU 6 . Con lc l xo treo thng ng nh hnh v 2. Qu cu nh c khi lng
m = 100 gam, l xo c khi lng khng ng k v c cng K = 100 N/m.
T v tr cn bng ko vt thng ng xung di mt on 3 cm ri truyn cho
n vn tc ban u v
o
= 40t cm/s hng thng ng xung di. Vt dao ng
iu ho. Ly t
2
= 10.Chn trc to trng vi trc ca l xo, chiu dng
hng xung di, gc to ti v tr cn bng ca vt, gc thi gian l lc
vt bt u dao ng. Hy dng kin thc v tng hp dao ng lp phng trnh dao ng ca vt.
CU 7. Sng dng trn mt si dy c dng: u = asinkx.coset (cm), a v k l cc hng s c gi tr
dng. Trong u l li dao ng ca mt phn t trn dy m v tr cn bng ca n cch gc to
O mt khong x. (x o bng cm, t o bng giy). Cho bc sng = 40 cm, tn s ca sng f = 50
Hz, bin dao ng ca im M trn dy cch nt sng 5 cm c gi tr l 0,5 cm.
1. Xc nh gi tr ca a v k.
2. Xc nh li v vn tc ca im N trn dy c to x = 50 cm ti thi im t = 0,25 s.
CU 8. Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v 3. Cun dy thun cm c t cm L thay i c,
t in c dung khng Z
C
= 3R, vn k nhit c in tr v cng ln, gia hai u A v B duy tr mt
hiu in th xoay chiu u
AB
= 160 2 sin100tt (Vn).
1. Khi L = L
1
, vn k ch gi tr U
1
; khi L = L
2
= 2L
1
vn k
ch gi tr U
2
=
1
2
U
1
. Vit biu thc ca hiu in th gia hai
im M v B khi L = L
2
.
2. Cho R = 30 O.
a) Xc nh t cm L = L
3
ca cun dy vn k ch gi tr cc i. Vit biu thc ca hiu
in th gia hai im M v B khi .
b) Xc nh t cm L = L
4
ca cun dy hiu in th U
AM
t gi tr cc i. Vit biu thc
ca hiu in th gia hai im A v M khi .
CU 9.Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v 4. D l cun dy
c in tr thun r khng i, t cm L thay i c; ampe k
nhit, kho K v cc dy ni c in tr nh khng ng k. Gia
hai u A v B duy tr mt hiu in th xoay chiu
u
AB
= 80 2 sin100tt (Vn).
1. iu chnh R c gi tr R
1
, t cm L c gi tr L
1
. Khi kho
K m ampe k ch 1 (A); hiu in th gia hai u cun dy
c gi tr hiu dng bng 60 (V) sm pha mt gc 60
o
so vi cng dng in v sm pha mt gc
90
o
so vi hiu in th u
AB
. Tnh r, L
1
, C
1
v R
1
.
2. iu chnh R c gi tr R
2
, t cm L c gi tr L
2
. S ch ampe k khi kho K ng ln gp 3
ln s ch ampe k khi kho K m, dng in khi kho K ng v khi kho K m vung pha vi nhau. Tm
h s cng sut ca mch in khi kho K m.
CU 10. Cho mch in nh hnh v 5. Pin c sut in ng E v in
tr trong r = 1O, cun dy thun cm, b qua in tr ca dy ni v kho
K. ng kho K, tnh in tch ca t in khi mch n nh.
Sau ngi ta m kho K, trong mch c dao ng in t vi tn
s f = 1MHz. Bit hiu in th cc i gia hai bn t in ln gp 10
K
m
Hnh 2
V
M
C
R
B
A
L
Hnh 3
M
C
2
R
B
A
C
1
K
D
A
N
Hnh 4
C
E, r
K
L
Hnh 5
ln sut in ng E ca Pin. Tnh t cm L ca cun dy v in
dung C ca t in.
CU 11.
Mt ci nm c khi lng 2m, c dng ABCD nh hnh v, gc u
1
= 30
0
, gc
u
2
= 45
0
, c th trt khng ma st trn mt sn ngang. Vt nh khi lng m
bt u trt khng ma st trn mt nm AB v BC t nh A khng vn tc
u.
a.Xc nh gia tc ca nm?
b.Bit AB = BC = 0,5m. Xc nh qung ng m nm trt c t khi
vt m bt u trt t A n C?
CU 12. Mt mol cht kh l tng thc hin chu trnh bin i sau y: t
trng thi 1 vi p sut
p
1
= 10
5
Pa, Nhit T
1
= 600K, gin n ng nhit n trng thi 2 c p
2
= 2,5 .10
4
Pa, ri b nn
ng p n trng thi 3 c T
3
= 300K ri b nn ng nhit n trng thi 4 v tr li trng thi 1 bng
qu trnh ng tch.
a) Tnh cc th tch V
1
, V
2
, V
3
v p sut p
4
. V th chu trnh trong ta p,V (Trc honh V, trc
tung p)
b) Cht kh nhn hay sinh bao nhiu cng, nhn hay ta bao nhiu nhit lng trong mi qu trnh v
trong c chu trnh?
Cho bit: R = 8,31 J/mol.K ; nhit dung mol ng tch
2
5R
C
V
= ; cng 1 mol kh sinh trong qu trnh
gin n ng nhit t th tch V
1
n th tch V
2
l: A =R.T.Ln(
1
2
V
V
)
Cu 13. Mt thanh ng cht AB = 2L, momen qun tnh I =
3
1
mL
2
i vi
trc vung gc vi thanh v qua trng tm C ca thanh. Thanh trt khng
ma st bn trong na vng trn tm O bn knh R =
3
3 2L
. Chng minh
thanh dao ng iu ha? Tm chu k dao ng ca thanh?
Cu 14.
Cho mch in nh hnh v:Mt in tr thun R,mt t in C,hai
cun cm l tng L
1
= 2L, L
2
= L v cc kha K
1
,K
2
(R
K
= 0)
c mc vo mt ngun in khng i (c sut in ng c ,in
tr trong r = 0).Ban u K
1
ng, K
2
ngt. Sau khi dng in trong
mch n nh, ngi ta ng K
2
, ngt K
1
. Tnh hiu in th cc
i t v I
L2
max. ?
Cu 15:Trn mt chuyc xe chuyn dng theo phng ngang vi gia tc
2
g
ngi ta t mt chic cn co chiu da hai tay n bng nhau l l
(hnh). Hai u n cn co hai vt khi lp phng ging nhau c cnh l
a , 2 vt ny c lm t hai vt liu khc nhau. Hy tm t s gia cc
khi lng ring ca chng
2
1
nu bit rng khi xe chuyn ng th cn

nm cn bng v cc vt nm yn trn cn.
m
u
1
u
2
Cu 16:Cho c h nh hnh, hai vt nng c gn vi hai l
xo khng trng lng. Cc l xo c gn vo hai bc tng
v c nn li bi hai si ch sao cho cc vt nng cch tng
nhng khong
2
L
. Chiu di ca hai l xo khi khng bin dng
bng nhau v bng L. Ngi ta t ng thi hai si ch, sau
cc vt va chm v dnh cht vo nhau. Hy tm vn tc cc i m cc vt s c c trong qu
trnh dao ng sau va chm, va chm c coi l xuyn tm. cng ca l xo v khi lng cc vt
cho trn hnh v. B qua ma st v kch thc cc vt nng.
Cu 17: Mt ci vng lm bng in mi, khi lng m , c th quay t do quanh trc ca n , vng
c tch in q v t trong t trng u vung gc vi mt phng vng . lc u vng ng yn v
t trng u bng 0 , sau t trng tng theo thi gian theo hm s B(t) . tm vn tc gc ca vng
Cu 18 : Mt vt A chuyn ng vi vn tc v
0
n va chm hon ton n hi
vi vt B ang ng yn ti C. Sau va chm vt B chuyn ng trn mng trn
ng knh CD = 2R. Mt tm phng (E) t vung gc vi CD ti tm O ca
mng trn. Bit khi lng ca hai vt l bng nhau. B qua mi ma st.
1. Xc nh vn tc ca vt B ti M m vt bt u ri khi mng.
2. Bit Rg v 5 , 3
0
= . Hi vt B c th ri vo tm (E) khng ? Nu c hy xc nh v
tr ca vt trn tm (E).
Cu 19: Mt pt tng c trng lng ng k v tr cn bng trong mt bnh
hnh tr kn (Hnh v 2). Pha trn v pha di pt tng c kh, khi lng v nhit
ca kh trn v di pt tng l nh nhau. nhit T th tch kh phn trn gp ba
ln th tch kh phn di. Nu tng nhit kh hai phn ln gp i th t s hai
th tch y l bao nhiu ?

Cu 20: Cho h dao ng nh hnh v 4. L xo c khi lng khng ng k, cng k. Vt
M = 400g c th trt khng ma st trn mt phng nm ngang. H ang trng thi cn bng, dng
vt m
0
= 100g bn vo M theo phng ngang vi vn tc v
0
= 1m/s, va chm l hon ton n hi. Sau
va chm vt M dao ng iu ho, chiu di cc i v cc tiu ca ca l xo ln lt l 28cm v
20cm.
1. Tnh chu k dao ng ca vt v cng ca l xo.
2. t mt vt m = 100g ln trn vt M, h gm hai vt m v M
ang ng yn, vn dng vt m
0
bn vo vi vn tc v
0
. Va chm l
hon ton n hi, sau va chm ta thy c hai vt cng dao ng iu ho.
Vit phng trnh dao ng ca h hai vt m v M. Chn gc to v tr cn bng v gc thi gian
l lc bt u va chm. Xc nh chiu v ln ca lc n hi cc i, cc tiu m l xo tc dng
vo im c nh I trong qu trnh h hai vt dao ng.
3. Cho bit h s ma st gia vt M v vt m l = 0,4. Hi vn tc v
0
ca vt m
0
phi nh hn gi
tr bng bao nhiu vt m vn ng yn (khng b trt) trn vt M trong khi h dao ng.
Cho g = 10m/s
2
.
Cu 21 . Mt vnh ai mng cng ng cht khi lng M,bn knh R, c
t trn mt bn nm ngang. Trn mt ng knh ca ai c gn mt ng
nh, nhn, bn trong cha mt qu cu khi lng m gn vi hai l xo nh
ging nhau c cng k, u cn li ca l xo gn vi
ai (hnh 1). Gi ai ti ch, cho qu cu dch chuyn
t tm sang bn tri mt khong cch b v sau h thng
D
A B
C
(E)
0
v

O
Hnh v 1
m ; 3V
0
; T

m ; V
0
; T

Hnh v 2
M
m
0
0
v

I k
Hnh v 4
b
Hnh 1
c gii phng, khng vn tc ban u. Sau khi th ai khng b trt.
Tnh gia tc ca tm ai ti thi im ngay sau khi ai c gii phng.
Cu 22 . Hai tm phng di, rng, ging nhau,
song song i din, tch in u vi mt in mt
tm trn l o v tm di l o (hnh 3).
Tnh cng in trng ti M cao h so vi
tm trn, nm trong mt phng cha hai mp v mt
phng i xng. Khong cch gia cc tm << << h d b rng ca cc tm.

Cu 23:
Ngi ta nm ngang mt hn si nh vi vn tc ban
u 20
o
v = m/s t mt im cao h = 18m so vi mt t
v cch tng nh thng ng mt khong l . Trn tng c
mt ca s chiu cao a = 1m, mp di ca ca s cch mt
t mt khong b = 2m (nh hnh v bn). Xc nh gi tr
ca l hn si c th lt qua ca s ? B qua b dy ca
bc tng v sc cn ca khng kh. Ly g = 10m/s
2
.

Cu 24: Mt qu cu c, ng cht c bn knh R, khi lng m = 2kg ln khng trt trn mt
mt phng nm ngang vi vn tc v
1
= 10m/s n va chm vo mt bc tng thng ng v bt tr
ra vn ln khng trt vi vn tc v
2
= 0,8v
1
. Tnh nhit lng ta ra trong qu trnh va chm gia
qu cu v bc tng ?
Cu 25:
Mt ci bnh hnh tr c treo ln mt chic l xo thng ng c u trn
c nh (nh hnh v bn). Khi rt nc t t vo bnh, ngi ta thy khong
cch l t mt thong ca nc trong bnh n u trn ca l xo khng thay i.
Hy xc nh chu k dao ng nh ca bnh nc theo phng thng ng khi
cao ca ct nc trong bnh l h= 4cm. Khi lng ca bnh v l xo khng ng
k. Ly g = 10m/s
2
.

Cu 26: Mt bnh hnh tr kn cch nhit t nm ngang c chia thnh hai phn c th tch V
1
v
V
2
nh mt bn cch nhit. Phn th nht cha kh nhit T
1
v p sut p
1
, phn th hai cng
cha kh ny nhng nhit T
2
v p sut p
2
. Coi cht kh trong bnh l kh l tng. Hy xc nh
nhit ca kh trong bnh hnh tr khi b bn cch nhit ?
Cu 27: Mt mol kh l tng thc hin qu trnh
gin n t trng thi 1 (p
0
, V
0
)
n trng thi 2 (
2
0
p
, 2V
0
) c th c biu din
trn h ta pOV (nh hnh v bn). Hy thit
lp phng trnh m t mi lin h gia nhit
tuyt i T v p sut p ca lng kh trong qu
trnh gin n ?

O
a

b

l
h

o
v x
y
l
h
p

p
0
2
0
p

O

V
0
2V
0
V

2

1

M
h
o
o
Hnh 3
Cu 28: Cho mch in nh hnh v bn. Ngun
in c sut in ng E = 30V, in tr trong
r = 3O; R
1
= 12O; R
2
= 36O; R
3
= 18O; in tr
cc dy ni khng ng k. Mt bin tr R
4
c gi
tr bin i t 2O n 6O. Xc nh gi tr in
tr R
4
cng dng in qua R
3
t gi tr cc
i?

Cu 29:
Ba qu cu c th trt khng ma st trn mt thanh cng,mnh nm ngang.Bit khi lng 2 qu cu
1 v 2 l
1 2
m m m = = ;l xo c cng K v khi lng khng ng k.Qu cu 3 c khi lng
3
2
m
m = .Lc u 2 qu cu 1,2 ng yn,l xo c di t nhin
0
l .Truyn cho
3
m vn tc
0
v
n va
chm n hi vo qu cu 1
1. Sau va chm,khi tm G cu cc qu cu 1,2 chuyn ng nh
th no?Tm vn tc cu G.
2. Chng minh rng hai qu cu 1 v 2 dao ng iu ho ngc pha quanh v tr c nh i vi G.
Tm chu k v bin dao ng cu cc vt.
Cu 30:
Mt si dy nh 2 u buc vo 1 vt nng v 1 thng ct ri vt qua 1 rng rc c nh. Khi lng
ca ct bng khi lng ca thng v bng 1 na khi lng ca vt nng. Ban u cc vt u trng
thi ng yn. Ti thi im t = 0,qua 1 l nh y thng, ct bt u chy u ra ngoi. Bit rng
ton b ct chy ht ra khi thng sau thi gian t
0
. Xc nh vn tc ca vt nng thi im 2t
0
Cu 31:Mt ng nghim cha kh hyr c nt y l mt
pittng khi lng khng ng k, dch chuyn khng ma st
trong ng. Lc u ng ngoi khng kh c p sut P
0
.
Chiu di phn ng cha v L. Ngi ta t ng vo mt
chu thu ngn c khi lng ring d, ng ng thng, y
ng cch mt thong Hg mt khong h > L (hnh v).
a. Tnh chiu di mi l ca phn ng cha ? (Nhit ng gi khng i).
b. Cn bng ca nt khi ng trong Hg c bn hay khng ?
MT S CU TRC NGHIM
CU 1. Cho mt mch in xoay chiu AB gm 2 on ni tip. on AN gm mt in tr R v mt
t in C, mt vn k c in tr rt ln mc vo 2 im A v N. on NB c mt cun dy ni tip
mt ampe k c in tr v cng nh. Khi t vo 2 u mch AB mt in p xoay chiu cm khng
ca cun dy l 15O, vn k ch 75V, ampe k ch 1,5A v in p hai u cun dy vung pha in
in p 2 u vn k. in p hiu dng gia hai u cun dy l
A. 75V B. 35,5V C. 37,5V D. 40V
CU 2. Mt con lc l xo nm ngang c k=500N/m, m=50(g). H s ma st gia vt v sn l =0,3.
Ko vt ra khi v tr cn bng mt on a=1cm ri th khng vn tc u. Vt dng li v tr cch v
tr cn bng bao nhiu:
A. 0,03cm. B. 0,3cm. C. 0,02cm.* D. 0,2cm.
CU 3. Ht bay vi vn tc v
0
ti va chm n hi vi mt ht nhn X, kt qu sau va chm ht b
lch i mt gc =30
0
.Vy X l ht:
A.Proton. B.teri.* C.Triti. D. .
B

R
1
R
2
R
3
D

F

G

E, r

R
4
1 2
3
0
v

h
l
CU 4. Mch RLC c
2
L
R
C
= v tn s thay i c. Khi f = f
1
hoc f = f
2
th mch c cng h s
cng sut. Bit f
2
= 4f
1.
Tnh

h s cng sut ca mch khi .
p s:
1 2
2 2
1 2 1 2
f f
cos 0.55
f f f f
= =
+
.
CU 5. Cho mt on mch AB gm on AM c in tr thun R, on MN c cun dy c r v L,
on MB c t in C. Bit rng u
MB
v u
AM
lch pha nhau /3. u
MB
v u
AB
lch pha nhau /12. u
AB
v
u
MN
lch pha nhau /2. U
MN
=100 2 V. Hy tm U
AB
.
A. 100 3 V B. 200 2 C. 200V D. 100 6 V
CU 6. Mt mu cht cha hai cht phng x A,B.Ban u s nguyn t A ln gp 4 ln s nguyn t B
Hai gi sau s nguyn t A v B tr nn bng nhau .Xc nh chu k bn r ca B.
A.0,25h B.0,4h C.2,5h D.0,1h
CU 7. Ngy nay t l ca U235 l 0,72% urani t nhin, cn li l U238. Cho bit chu k bn r ca
chng l 7,04.10
8
nm v 4,46.10
9
nm. T l ca U235 trong urani t nhin vo thi k tri t c
to thnh cch y 4,5 t nm l:
A.32%. B.46%. C.23%.* D.16%.
CU 8. Mt on mch AB gm 2 on mch nh AM v MB mc ni tip vi nhau. on mch AM
gm in tr R
1
mc ni tip vi cun thun cm c t cm L. on mch MB gm in tr R
2
mc
ni tip vi t in c in dung C. Khi t vo 2 u AB mt in p xoay chiu c tn s gc e th
tng tr gia 2 u on mch AM l Z
1
, cn tng tr gia 2 u on mch MB l Z
2
. Nu
2 2
1 2
Z Z Z = + th tn s gc e l :
A.
1 2
1
2
R R
LC
B.
1 2
2
R R
LC
C.
1 2
2R R
LC
D.
1 2
R R
LC

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