S GIO DC V O TO

HI DNG
CHNH THC

K THI CHN HC SINH GII TNH

Lp 12 THPT nm hc 2011 2012
Mn thi : Ha hc
Thi gian lm bi: 180 pht
( thi gm 02 trang)

Cu I (2 im)
1. Ch dng thm phng php un nng, hy nu cch phn bit cc dung dch mt
nhn cha tng cht sau: NaHSO4, KHCO3, Mg(HCO3)2, Na2SO3, Ba(HCO3)2.
2. Cho s cc phng trnh phn ng:
(1) (X) + HCl (X1) + (X2) + H2O
(5) (X2) + Ba(OH)2 (X7)
(2) (X1) + NaOH (X3) + (X4)
(6) (X7) +NaOH (X8) + (X9) +
(3) (X1) + Cl2 (X5)
(7) (X8) + HCl
(X2) +
(4) (X3) + H2O + O2 (X6)
(8) (X5) + (X9) + H2O (X4) +
Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng v cho bit cc cht X, X1,, X9.
Cu II (2 im)
1. Cho s chuyn ha gia cc cht hu c nh sau:
A

dd KMnO4

dd H2SO4c
t 0C

CH3CHO
F (Mui amoni)
E

(Cc ch ci A, B, C, D, E, F l k hiu cc cht khc nhau cng c 2 nguyn t

Cacbon trong phn t)
Tm cng thc cu to ca cc cht A, B, C, D, E, F v vit cc phng trnh phn
ng xy ra theo s bin ha trn, ghi r iu kin phn ng xy ra (nu c).
2.Tin hnh ln men gim 200ml dung dch ancol etylic 5,75 0 thu c 200ml dung
dch Y. Ly 100ml dung dch Y cho tc dng vi Na d th thu c 60,648 lt H2
(ktc). Tnh hiu sut ca phn ng ln men gim.
(Bit dC H OH = 0,8 g/ml; d H O = 1 g/ml)
Cu III (2 im)
1.Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron trong nguyn t ca 2 nguyn t M v X ln lt
l 82 v 52. M v X to thnh hp cht MXa (a: nguyn dng, trong hp cht MXa th
X c s oxi ha bng -1), trong phn t ca hp cht MX a c tng s ht proton bng
77. Xc nh cng thc phn t MXa.
(Cho bit mt s nguyn t: 7N, 8O, 9F, 16S, 15P, 17Cl, 29Cu, 26Fe, 30Zn, 24Cr, 25Mn)
2.Mt hn hp lng gm 4 cht: C6H5OH, C6H6, C6H5NH2, C2H5OH. Nu phng php
tch ring tng cht ra khi hn hp.
2

Cu IV (2 im)
Cho 10,62 gam hn hp gm Fe, Zn vo 800 ml dung dch hn hp X gm
NaNO3 0,45 M v H2SO4 0,9M. un nng cho phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung
dch Y v 3,584 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, o ktc). Dung dch Y ha tan ti
a m1 gam bt Cu v thu c V lt kh NO (ktc, sn phm kh duy nht ca NO3-).
1. Tnh % khi lng tng kim loi trong hn hp ban u.
2. Tnh gi tr m1 v V.
3. Cho m2 gam Zn vo dung dch Y (to kh NO l sn phm kh duy nht ca NO3-),
sau phn ng thu c 3,36 gam cht rn. Tnh gi tr m2.
Cu V (2 im)
Este A to bi 2 axit cacboxylic X, Y u mch h, khng phn nhnh v ancol Z.
X phng ha hon ton a gam A bng 140 ml dung dch NaOH, trung ha NaOH
d sau phn ng cn dng 80ml dung dch HCl 0,25M, thu c dung dch B. C cn
dung dch B thu c b gam hn hp mui khan M, nung M trong NaOH khan, d c
xc tc CaO, thu c cht rn R v hn hp kh K gm 2 hidrocacbon c t khi so
vi O2 l 0,625. Dn kh K li qua dung dch nc brom d thy c 5,376 lt mt cht
kh thot ra. Cho ton b lng cht rn R thu c trn tc dng vi dung dch
H2SO4 long, d, c 8,064 lt kh CO2 thot ra.
(Gi thit cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton, cc kh u o iu kin tiu chun)
1.Xc nh cng thc cu to ca X, Y, Z, A. Bit rng t chy hon ton 2,76 gam
ancol Z cn dng 2,352 lt O2 (ktc), sau phn ng kh CO2 v hi nc to thnh c
t l khi lng tng ng l 11/6.
2. Tnh gi tr a, b v nng dung dch NaOH dng trong phn ng x phng ha
ban u.
****
Cho nguyn t khi cc nguyn t: H = 1; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Cl = 35,5; S = 32;
Na = 23; Ca = 40; Fe = 56; Zn = 65; Cu = 64.
------- Ht --------

H v tn th sinh:S bo danh:.......
Ch k gim th s 1:.............Ch k gim th s 2:

S Gio dc v o to
Hi Dng
=========

P N
K THI CHN HC SINH GII TNH HI DNG

Lp 12 THPT nm hc 2011 2012

==================
Mn thi : Ha hc

CHNH THC

Cu
1

P N

1 (1)
- Ly mu th nghim.
- un nng cc mu th nghim th thy:
+ Mt mu ch c kh khng mu thot ra l KHCO3.
2KHCO3 t0 K2CO3 + CO2 + H2O
+ Hai mu va c kh thot ra va c kt ta trng l dung dch
Mg(HCO3)2, dung dch Ba(HCO3)2.(Nhm I)
Mg(HCO3)2
Ba(HCO3)2

t 0
t 0

MgCO3 + CO2 + H2O

im

0,25

0,25

BaCO3 + CO2 + H2O

+ Hai mu khng c hin tng g l dung dch NaHSO 4, dung dch

Na2SO3. (Nhm II)

- Ln lt cho dung dch KHCO3 bit vo 2 dung dch nhm II.

+ Dung dch c si bt kh l NaHSO4:
2NaHSO4 + 2KHCO3 Na2SO4 + K2SO4 + CO2 +
2H2O
+ Dung dch khng c hin tng l Na2SO3.
- Ln lt cho dung dch NaHSO4 vo 2 dung dch nhm I.
+ Dung dch va c si bt kh, va c kt ta trng l
Ba(HCO3)2:
2NaHSO4 + Ba(HCO3)2 BaSO4 + Na2SO4 +2 CO2 +

0,25

0,25

2H2O
+ Dung dch ch c si bt kh l Mg(HCO3)2.
2NaHSO4 + Mg(HCO3)2 MgSO4 + Na2SO4 +2 CO2 +
2H2O

Ch : Hc sinh c th c cc cch gii khc nhau, nu ng vn cho

im ti a
(1)
Cc phng trnh phn ng:

(1)

FeCO3 + 2HCl FeCl2 + CO2 + H2O

(X)

(2)

(X1)

(X2)

(X1)

(4)

(X3)
2FeCl2 + Cl2 2FeCl3

(X1)

(5)

(X4)

(X5)
4Fe(OH)3

4Fe(OH)2 + 2H2O + O2

(X3)

(7)
(8)
(X7)

(10)

(X7)
Ba(HCO3)2 + 2NaOH BaCO3 + Na2CO3 + 2H2O

(X2)
2FeCl3 + 3Na2CO3 + 3H2O 2Fe(OH)3 + 3CO2 + 6NaCl

(X5)
(X9)
Cc cht: X: FeCO3 X1: FeCl2
X2 :CO2
X5: FeCl3 X6: Fe(OH)3 X7: Ba(HCO3)2

0,25

(X8)
(X9)
BaCO3 + 2HCl BaCl2 + CO2 + H2O

(X8)

(11)

0,25

(X6)
2CO2 + Ba(OH)2 Ba(HCO3)2

(X2)

0,25

FeCl2 + 2NaOH Fe(OH)2 + 2NaCl

(1)
Cng thc cu to cc cht:
A. CH2=CH2
B. HOCH2-CH2OH
D. CH3-CH2-OH

E. CH3-COOH

X3: Fe(OH)2
X8: BaCO3

0,25

X4: NaCl
X9: Na2CO3
0,25

C. CH3-CH2-Cl
F. CH3-COONH4

AB:
3CH2=CH2 + 2KMnO4 + 4H2O 3 HOCH2-CH2OH + 2KOH + 2MnO2

BCH3CHO: HOCH2-CH2OH

dd H2SO4c
t 0C

A C: CH2=CH2 + HCl

CH3-CHO + H2O
CH3-CH2-Cl

t 0C

C D: CH3-CH2-Cl + NaOH
D E: CH3-CH2-OH + O2

0,25

Men gim

0,25

CH3-CH2-OH + NaCl
CH3-COOH + H2O
0,25

CH3-CHO F:
CH3-CHO + 2AgNO3 + 3NH3 + H2O

t0

CH 3-COONH4 + 2Ag +

2NH4NO3

E F: CH3COOH + NH3 CH3COONH4

Ch : Hc sinh chn cht tc dng khc nhau m ng vn cho im tng

ng
2

0,25

(1)
VC2 H5OH bn u =

nC

2 H 5OH

200.5, 75
= 11,5 ml => mC2 H5OH = 11,5.0,8 = 9,2 gam
100

ban u

= 0,2 mol

VH O ban u = 200 11,5 = 188,5 ml => nH O ban u = 10,47 mol

2

Gi s c x (mol) ancol b chuyn ho, ta c

C2H5OH + O2 CH3COOH + H2O
x mol
x mol
x mol
Vy sau phn ng dung dch Y c: x(mol)CH3COOH ;
(0,2 -x) mol C2H5OH v
(x+10,47)mol H2O.
Cho Na d vo 100 ml dung dch Y:
CH3COOH + Na CH3COONa
+ 1/2H2(1)
C2H5OH
+ Na C2H5ONa
+ 1/2H2(2)
H2O
+ Na NaOH
+ 1/2H2(3)

0,25

0,25

nH = (x + 0,2 x + 10,47 + x) = (10,67 + x)

2

Theo bi nH = 2,7075 mol => (10,67 + x) = 2,7075 => x = 0,16

2

mol
Hphn ng =
3

0,25

0,16
x100% = 80%
0,2

(1)
Gi p, n, e l s ht c bn ca X ( p, n, e nguyn dng)
C: 2p + n = 52 n = 52 -2p
Ta lun c p n 1,524p p 52-2p 1,524p 14,75 p 17,33.
V p nguyn p = 15, 16, 17.
Cu hnh electron ca X l: p = 15: 1s22s22p63s23p3
p = 16: 1s22s22p63s23p4
p = 17: 1s22s22p63s23p5
Trong hp cht X c s oxi ha bng -1 => X l Cl
Vy X c 17p, 17e, 18n X l Clo (Cl)
Gi p; n; e l s ht c bn ca M.
Tng t ta c n = 82-2p 3p 82 3,524p 23,26 p 27,33
M trong MXa c 77 ht proton p + 17.a = 77 p = 77-17a

0,25

0,25
0,25
0,25

82
82
77 17.a
2,92 a 3,16
3,5
3

V a nguyn a = 3. Vy p = 26. Do M l Fe.

Cng thc hp cht l FeCl3.

3

(1)
Cho hn hp vo dung dch NaOH d, chit tch phn khng tan ta
c hn hp gm C6H6, C6H5NH2 (hn hp I)
C6H5OH + NaOH C6H5ONa + H2O
Phn dung dch gm: C6H5ONa, C2H5OH, NaOH d ( dung dch II)
Chng ct dung dch (II), hi ngng t lm kh c C2H5OH v
C6H5ONa, NaOH khng bay hi.
Cho CO2 d vo dung dch C6H5ONa, NaOH, lc tch phn kt ta
c C6H5OH
NaOH + CO2 NaHCO3
C6H5ONa + CO2 + H2O C6H5OH + NaHCO3
Cho hn hp (I) vo dung dch HCl d, chit tch phn khng tan ta
c C6H6
C6H5NH2 + HCl C6H5NH3Cl (tan)
Cho dung dch thu c gm C6H5NH3Cl, HCl d vo dung dch
NaOH d, chit tch phn cht lng trn ta c C6H5NH2
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
C6H5NH3Cl + NaOH C6H5NH2 + NaCl + H2O
1
1. S mol NaNO3 = 0,36 mol
s mol H2SO4 = 0,72 mol => s mol H+ = 1,44 mol
Ta c cc bn phn ng:
NO3- + 4H+ + 3e NO + 2H2O
(1)
mol 0,16 0,16 0,16 0,16
S mol NO = 0,16 mol => H+ v NO3- d, kim loi phn ng ht.
S mol NO3- phn ng = 0,16 mol; s mol H+ phn ng = 0,64 mol
Fe Fe3+ + 3e(1)
Zn Zn2+ + 2e(2)
Gi s mol Fe l x mol, s mol Zn l y mol
Theo khi lng hn hp ban u ta c phng trnh
56 x + 65 y = 10,62 (I)
Theo nh lut bo ton electron ta c phng trnh
3x + 2y = 0,16.3
(II)

0,25

0,25

0,25

0,25

0,25

0,25

0,25

Gii h phng trnh (I), (II) ta c: x = 0,12 v y = 0,06 mol

mFe = 0,12.56 = 6,72 g => % mFe = 63,28%
=> % mZn =100% - 63,28 % = 36,72 %
4

(0,5)
Dung dch Y c 0,2 mol NO3-; 0,8 mol H+; 0,12 mol Fe3+; 0,06 mol
Zn2+, khi thm bt Cu vo dung dch Y:
3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3- 3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4 H2O (3)
0,3 0,8 0,2

0,2 (mol)
2Fe3+ + Cu 2Fe2+ + Cu2+
(4)
0,12 0,06
T phn ng (3), (4) c tng s mol Cu = 0,36 mol
m1 = 0,36.64 = 23,04 gam
VNO = 4,48 lt
(0,5)
Thm m2 gam Zn vo dung dch Y c 0,2 mol NO3-; 0,8 mol H+; 0,12
mol Fe3+; 0,06 mol Zn2+:
Do khi lng Fe3+ = 0,12.56 = 6,72 gam > khi lng cht rn bng
3,36 gam. Nn trong 3,36 gam cht rn sau phn ng ch c Fe, Zn ht
nFe = 3,36/56 = 0,06 mol
3Zn + 8H+ + 2NO3- 3Zn2+ + 2NO + 4 H2O
0,3 0,8 0,2
Zn + 2Fe3+ Zn2+ + 2Fe2+
0,06 0,12

0,12
Zn +
Fe2+ Zn2+ + Fe
0,06 0,06
0,06
Tng s mol Zn phn ng bng 0,3 + 0,12 = 0,42 mol
=> mZn = 27,3 gam

mCO2
mH 2O

0,25

0,25

0,25

0,25
0,25

(1,5)
* Xc nh cng thc phn t ca ancol Z.
Khi t chy Z cho

0,25

nCO2 3
11
=>
= . Vy nH 2O > nCO2 => Z l ancol
6
nH 2O 4

no, mch h: CnH2n+2Ok (kn)

CnH2n+2Ok +
x(mol)

3n + 1 k
O2 nCO2 + (n+1)H2O
2
3n + 1 k
.x
2

n.x

0,25

(n+1).x
7

n.x

= 0,105 mol. Ta c (n + 1).x = 4 => n = 3

mZ = (14n + 2 + 16k).x = 2,76

Bi cho nO

phn ng

nO2 =

0,25

3n + 1 k
.x = 0,105 => (3n + 1 k).x = 0,21
2
44 + 16k

2, 76

Thay n = 3 vo ta c 10 k = 0, 21 => k = 3 . Vy Z l C3H8O3

CH2OHCHOHCH2OH: Glixerol
Xc nh 2 axit X, Y:
V khi lng trung bnh K = 32.0,625 = 20, vy chc chn c CH4,
kh cn li l RH.
Cho K qua dung dch Br2 d ch thu c 1 kh bay ra c s mol bng
5,376/22,4 = 0,24 mol
Cht rn R c cha Na2CO3 do phn ng vi dung dch H2SO4
long d c phn ng:
Na2CO3 + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + CO2 + H2O
0,36

0,36
nCH = 0,24 mol => axit tng ng X l CH3COOH
4

0,25

0,25

CaO, t0
CH3COONa + NaOH
Na2CO3 + CH4
0,24
0,24

0,24 0,24
Cht cn li: R(COOH)t c mui R(COONa)t (t=1 hoc t = 2)
R(COONa)t + t.NaOH t.Na2CO3 + RH
0,12 0,12/t

Ta c: Khi lng trung bnh kh K =

16.0, 24 + M R ' Ht .
0, 24 +

0,12
t

0,12
t = 20

M R ' H = 20 +8.t; V mch khng phn nhnh nn t = 1 hoc t = 2

t

0,25

t=1 => M R ' H = 28 => C2H4 => axit Y: CH2=CH- COOH (0,12 mol)
t

t = 2 => M R ' H = 36 (loi)

t

C2H3COONa + NaOH C2H4 + Na2CO3

0,12
0,12
0,12
0,12
5

(0,5)
Trung ha NaOH d sau x phng ha
NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O
0,02
0,02
0,02
0,02
Vy mui M gm: CH3COONa (0,24 mol)

0,25

C2H3COONa (0,12 mol)

NaCl
(0,12 mol)
mM = b = 82.0,24 + 94.0,12 + 58,5.0,02 = 32,13 gam
A l: C3H5(OCOCH3)2(OCOC2H3)
nA = 0,12 mol => a = 230.0,12 = 27,6 gam
Cng thc cu to A l:
CH3COO - CH2

CH3COO - CH2

CH3COO - CH

CH2=CH- COO - CH

CH2=CH- COO - CH2

CH3COO - CH2

0,25

Ch : Hc sinh c th lm theo cch khc, nu ng, c lp lun cht ch vn cho

im ti a.

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