BLUE EYE TECHNOLOGY

Chapter 1:

INTRODUCTION
Animal survival depends on highly developed sensory abilities. Likewise, human cognition depends on highly developed abilities to perceive, integrate and interpret visual, auditory, and touch information. Without a doubt, computers would be much more powerful if they had even a small fraction of the perceptual ability of animals or humans. Adding such perceptual abilities to computers would enable computers and humans to work together more as partners. Blue Eyes uses sensing technology to identify a user's actions and to extract key information. This information is then analyzed to determine the user's physical, emotional, or informational state, which in turn can be used to help make the user more productive by performing expected actions or by providing expected information. The blue eyes technology aims at creating computational machines that have perceptual and sensory ability like those of human beings. It uses non-obtrusive sensing method, employing most modern video cameras and microphones to identify the users actions through the use of imparted sensory abilities. The machine can understand what a user wants, where he is looking at, and even realize his physical or emotional condition. The aim of blue eye technology is 1.To design smarter devices. 2. To create devices with emotional intelligence.3.To create computational devices with perceptual abilities.

1.1 Overview of Blue Eyes Technology

Blue Eyes technology aims at creating computational Machines with perceptual and sensory abilities like those of human begins. The basic idea behind this technology is to give computer human power. For example, we can understand humans emotional state by his facial expressions. If we add these perceptual abilities to computers, we would enable them to work together with human beings as intimate partners. It provides technical means for monitoring and recording human-operators physiological condition. It has the ability to gather information about you and interact with you through special techniques like facial recognition, speech recognition, etc. DEPT. OF E&C, MITE Page 1

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It can even understand your emotions at the touch of the mouse .It can verify your identity, feel your presence, and start interacting with you. The machine can understand what a user wants, where he is looking at, and even realize his physical or emotional states. It realizes the urgency of the situation through the mouse. For instance if you ask the computer to dial to your friend at his office, it understands the situation and establishes a connection. It can reconstruct the course of operators work. Blue Eyes system provides technical means for monitoring and recording the operators basic physiological parameters. The most important parameter is saccadic activity, which enables the system to monitor the status of the operators visual attention along with head acceleration, which accompanies large displacement of the visual axis. Complex industrial environment can create a danger of exposing the operator to toxic substances, which can affect his cardiac, circulatory and pulmonary systems. Thus, on the grounds of plethysmographic signal taken from the forehead skin surface, the system computes heart beat rate and blood oxygenation. The Blue Eyes system checks above parameters against abnormal (e.g. a low level of blood oxygenation or a high pulse rate) or undesirable (e.g. a longer period of lowered visual attention) values and triggers user-defined alarms when necessary. Quite often in an emergency situation operators speak to themselves expressing their surprise or stating verbally the problem. Therefore, the operators voice, physiological parameters and an overall view of the operating room are recorded. This helps to reconstruct the course of operators work and provides data for long term analysis. Our system consists of a mobile measuring device and a central analytical system. The mobile device is integrated with Bluetooth module providing wireless interface between sensors worn by the operator and the central unit. ID cards assigned to each of the operators and adequate user profiles on the central unit side provide necessary data personalization so different people can use a single mobile device called DAU Data Acquisition Unit. Some key benefits of blue eyes technology are: Prevention from dangerous incidents,

minimization of ecological consequences, financial loss and threat to human life.

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The key features of the system are: 1. visual attention monitoring (eye motility analysis) 2. physiological condition monitoring (pulse rate, blood oxygenation) 3. operator's position detection (standing, lying) 4. wireless data acquisition using Bluetooth technology 5. real-time user-defined alarm triggering 6. physiological data, operator's voice and overall view of the control room recording 7. Recorded data playback.

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Chapter 2:

Emotion and Computing

One goal of human computer interaction (HCI) is to make an adaptive, smart computer system. This type of project could possibly include gesture recognition, facial recognition, eye tracking, speech recognition, etc. Another non-invasive way to obtain information about a person is through touch. People use their computers to obtain, store and manipulate data using their computer. In order to start creating smart computers, the computer must start gaining information about the user. Our proposed method for gaining user information through touch is via a computer input device, the mouse. From the physiological data obtained from the user, an emotional state may be determined which would then be related to the task the user is currently doing on the computer. Over a period of time, a user model will be built in order to gain a sense of the user's personality. The scope of the project is to have the computer adapt to the user in order to create a better working environment where the user is more productive. Rosalind Picard (1997) describes why emotions are important to the computing community. There are two aspects of affective computing: giving the computer the ability to detect emotions and giving the computer the ability to express emotions. Not only are emotions crucial for rational decision making as Picard describes, but emotion detection is an important step to an adaptive computer system. An adaptive, smart computer system has been driving our efforts to detect a persons emotional state. By matching a persons emotional state and the context of the expressed emotion, over a period of time the persons personality is being exhibited. Therefore, by giving the computer a longitudinal understanding of the emotional state of its user, the computer could adapt a working style which fits with its users personality. The result of this collaboration could increase productivity for the user. One way of gaining information from a user non-intrusively is by video. Through observing normal computer usage (creating and editing documents and surfing the web), people spend approximately 1/3 of their total computer time touching their input device. Because of the incredible amount of time spent touching an input device, we will explore the possibility of detecting emotion through touch.

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2.1 Theory: PAUL EKMANS FACIAL EXPRESSION:
Based on Paul Ekmans facial expression work, we see a correlation between a persons emotional state and a persons physiological measurements. Selected works from Ekman and others on measuring facial behaviors describe Ekmans Facial Action Coding System (Ekman and Rosenberg, 1997). One of his experiments involved participants attached to devices to record certain measurements including pulse, galvanic skin response (GSR), temperature, somatic movement and blood pressure. He then recorded the measurements as the participants were instructed to mimic facial expressions which corresponded to the six basic emotions. He defined the six basic emotions as anger, fear, sadness, disgust, joy and surprise. From this work, Dryer (1993) determined how physiological measures could be used to distinguish various emotional states Six participants were trained to exhibit the facial expressions of the six basic emotions. While each participant exhibited these expressions, the physiological changes associated with affect were assessed. The measures taken were GSR, heart rate, skin temperature and general somatic activity (GSA). These data were then subject to two analyses. For the first analysis, a multidimensional scaling (MDS) procedure was used to determine the dimensionality of the data. This analysis suggested that the physiological similarities and dissimilarities of the six emotional states fit within a four dimensional model. For the second analysis, a discriminate function analysis was used to determine the mathematic functions that would distinguish the six emotional states. This analysis suggested that all four physiological variables made significant, non redundant contributions to the functions that distinguish the six states. Moreover, these analyses indicate that these four physiological measures are sufficient to determine reliably a persons specific emotional state. Because of our need to incorporate these measurements into a small, non-intrusive form, we will explore taking these measurements from the hand. 2.2 RESULT The data for each subject consisted of scores for four physiological assessments [SA, GSR,

pulse and skin temperature for each of the six emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise)] across the five minute baseline and test sessions. GSA data was sampled 80 times per second, GSR and temperature were reported approximately 3 4 times per second and pulse was recorded as a beat was detected approximately once per second. To account for individual variance in physiology, we calculated the difference between the baseline and test scores. Scores DEPT. OF E&C, MITE Page 5

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that differed by more than one and a half standard deviations from the mean were treated as missing. By this criterion, twelve score were removed from the analysis. The results show that the theory behind emotion mouse work is fundamentally sound. The Physiological measurements were correlated to emotions using a correlation. The correlation model is derived from a calibration process in which a baseline attributes to emotion correlation is rendered based on statistical analysis of calibration signals generated by users having emotions that are measured or otherwise known at calibration time.

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Chapter 3:

TYPES OF EMOTIONAL SENSORS

Different Emotional sensors which are used nowadays are: 1. Emotion mouse 2. MAGIC pointer 3. Eye tracker 4. Expression glasses 5. Artificial Intelligence Speech Recognition 6. SUITOR 3.1Emotional mouse: The mouse is loaded with sensors which read your physiological attributes. Heart rate is taken by IR on the thumb, temperature is taken using a temperature sensitive chip, GSA is taken through the mouse device driver, and GSR is taken through fingertips. These values are input into a series of discriminate function analyses and correlated to an emotional state. The device measures heart rate, temperature, galvanic skin response (GSR) and minute bodily movements and matches them with six emotional states: happiness, surprise , anger, fear , sadness and disgust. An important element of incorporating emotion into computing is for enhancing the productivity of a computer user. By matching a persons emotional state and the context of the expressed emotion, over a period of time the persons personality is being exhibited. Therefore, by giving the computer a longitudinal understanding of the emotional state of its user, the computer could adapt a working style which fits with its users personality. Types of information that can be obtained from an emotional mouse: Behavioral information 1. Mouse movements 2. Button click frequency 3. Finger pressure when a user presses his/her button

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Physiological information 1. Heart rate ( Electrocardiogram(ECG/EKG)) 2. Skin temperature (Thermostat) 3. Skin electricity (Galvanic skin response, GSR) 4. Electromyography (Electromyogram, MG)

Figure1 Emotion mouse

Figure 2 Basic emotional facial expressions

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3.2 Manual and Gaze Input Cascaded (Magic) Pointing
MAGIC explored a new direction in utilizing eye gaze for computer input. Gaze tracking had long been considered as an alternative or potentially superior pointing method for computer input. Many fundamental limitations existed with traditional gaze pointing. It is however unnatural to overload a perceptual channel such as vision with a motor control task. Therefore an alternative approach, called MAGIC was developed. With this approach, pointing appears to the user to be a manual task, used for fine manipulation and selection. However, a large portion of the cursor movement is eliminated by warping the cursor to the eye gaze area, which encompasses the target. Two specific MAGIC pointing techniques, one conservative and one liberal, were designed, analyzed, and implemented with an eye tracker. They were then tested in a pilot study. The results showed that the MAGIC pointing techniques might offer many advantages, including reduced physical effort and fatigue as compared to traditional manual pointing, greater accuracy and naturalness than traditional gaze pointing, and possibly faster speed than manual pointing.

Figure 3 the conservative MAGIC pointing technique with intelligent offset

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Figure 4 the liberal magic pointing technique cursor is placed in the vicinity of a target that the user fixates on

3.21 Advantages of liberal and conservative approach:

1. Reduction of manual stress and fatigue 2. Practical accuracy level. 3. A more natural mental model for the user 4. Faster than pure manual pointing 5. Improved subjective speed and ease of use

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3.22 Disadvantages of liberal and conservative approach:
1. Liberal approach is distracting when the user is trying to read. 2. The motor action computation cannot start until the cursor appears. 3. In conservative approach, uncertainty of the exact location prolong the target acquisition time.

3.3 EYE TRACKING

The Bright (left) and Dark (right) pupil images resulting from on and off axis illumination The glints and corneal reflections, from the on and off axis light sources can be easily identified as the bright points in the iris. When the light source is placed on-axis with the camera optical axis, the camera is able to detect the light reflected from the interior of the eye, and the image of the pupil appears bright. This effect is often seen as the red eye in flash photographs when the flash is close to the camera lens.

Figure 5 Bright (left) and Dark (right) pupil images resulting from on and off axis illumination

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3.31 THE IBM ALMADEN EYE TRACKER The Almaden system used two near infrared (IR) time multiplexed light sources, composed of two sets of IR LED's, which were synchronized with the cameraframe rate. One light source was placed very close to the camera's optical axis and was synchronized with the even frames.

Odd frames were synchronized with the second light source positioned off the axis. The two light sources are calibrated to provide approximately equivalent whole-scene illumination. Pupil detection was realized by means of subtracting the dark pupil image from the bright pupil image. After thresholding the difference, the largest connected component was identified as the pupil. This technique significantly increased the robustness and reliability of the eye tracking system .

Once the pupil has been detected, the corneal reflection (the glint reflected from the surface of the cornea due to one of the light sources) is determined from the dark pupil mage. The reflection is then used to estimate the users point of gaze in terms of the screen coordinates where the user is looking at.

3.4 Expression glasses

A wearable device which allows any viewer to visualize the confusion and interest levels of the wearer. The recent development in related technology is the attempt to learn the needs of the user just by following the interaction between the user and the computer in o r d e r t o k n o w w h a t h e / s h e i s i n t e r e s t e d i n a t a n y g i v e n m o m e n t . F o r e x a m p l e , b y remembering the type of websites that the user links to according to the mood and time of the day, the computer could search on related sites and suggest the results the user

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Figure 6 Expression glass

3.5 Artificial Intelligence Speech Recognition

It is important to consider the environment in which the speech recognition system has to work. The grammar used by the speaker and accepted by the system, noise level, noise type, position of the microphone, and speed and manner of the users speech are some factors that may affect the quality of speech recognition . Artificial intelligence (AI) involves two basic ideas. First, it involves studying the thought process of human beings. Second, it deals with representing those processes via machines (like computers, robots, etc). AI is behavior of a machine, which if performed by a human being, would be called intelligent. It makes machines smarter and more useful, and is less expensive than natural intelligence. Natural language processing (NLP) refers to artificial intelligence methods of communicating with a computer in a natural language like English. The main objective of a NLP program is to understand input and initiate action. The input words are scanned and matched against internally stored known words. Identification of a key word causes some action to be taken. In this way, one can communicate with the computer in oneslanguage. No special commands or computer language are required. There is no need to enter programs in a special language for creating software. The user speaks to the computer through a microphone, which, in used; a simple system may contain a minimum of three filters. The more the number of filters used, the DEPT. OF E&C, MITE Page 13

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higher the probability of accurate recognition. Presently, switched capacitor digital filters areuse d because these can be custom-built in integrated circuit form. These are smaller and cheaper than active filters using operational amplifiers. The filter output is then fed to the ADC to translate the analogue signal into digital word. The ADC samples the filter outputs many times a second. Each sample represents different amplitude s of the signal .Evenly spaced vertical lines represent the amplitude of the audio filter output at the instant of sampling. Each value is then converted to a binary number proportional to the amplitude of the sample. A central processor unit (CPU) controls the input circuits that are fed by the ADCS. A large RAM (random access memory) stores all the digital values in a buffer area. This digital information, representing the spoken word, is now accessed by the CPU to process it further. The normal speech has a frequency range of 2 0 0 H z t o 7 k H z . R e c o g n i z i n g a t e l e p h o n e c a l l i s m o r e d i f f i c u l t a s i t h a s a b a n d w i d t h l i m i t a t i o n o f 3 0 0 H z t o 3 . 3 k H z . The spoken words are processed by the filters and ADCs. The binary representation of each of these words becomes a template or standard, against which the future words are compared. These templates are stored in the memory. Once the process is completed, the system can go into its active mode and is capable of identifying spoken words .As each word is spoken, it is converted into its binary equivalent and is stored in RAM. The computer then starts searching and compares the binaryinput pattern with the templates.I t is to be noted that even if the same speaker talksthe same text, there are always slight variati ons in amplitude or loudness of the signal, pitch, frequency, time gap etc. Hence, there is never a perfect match between the template and binary input word. The patternmatching process therefore uses statistical techniques and is designed to look for the bestfit.The values of binary input words are subtracted from the corresponding values in thetemp lates. If both the values are same, the difference is zero and there is perfect match. If not, the subtraction produces some difference or error. The smaller the error, the better the match. When the best match occurs, the word is identified and displayed on the screen or used in some other manner. The search process takes a considerable amount of time, as the CPU has to make many comparisons before recognition occurs. This necessitates use of very high-speed processors. A large RAM is also required as even though a spoken word may last only a few hundred milliseconds, but the same is DEPT. OF E&C, MITE Page 14

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translated into many thousands of digital words. It is important to note that alignment of words and templates are to be matched correctly in time, before computing t h e s i m i l a r i t y s c o r e . This process termed as dynamic time warping, recognizes that different speakers pronounce the same words as well as elongate different parts of the same word .This is important for the speaker-independent recognizers.

3 . 5 1 APPLICATIONS OF SPEECH RECOGNITION:

One of the main benefits of speech recognition system is that it lets user do other work simultaneously. The user can concentrate on observation and manual operations, and still control the machinery by voice input commands. Another major application of speech processing is in military operations. Voice control of weapons is an example. With reliable speech recognition equipment, pilots can give commands and information to the computers by simply speaking into their microphones they dont have to u s e t h e i r hands for this purpose. Another good example is a radiologist scanning h u n d r e d s o f X - r a ys , C T s c a n s a n d s i m u l t a n e o u s l y d i c t a t i n g c o n c l u s i o n s t o a s p e e c h r e c o g n i t i o n s ys t e m c o n n e c t e d t o w o r d p r o c e s s o r s . T h e radiologist can focus his attention on the images rather than writing the text. Voice recognition could also be used on computers for making airline and hotel reservations. A user requires simply stating his needs, to make reservation, cancel a reservation, or making enquiries about schedule.

3.6 THE SIMPLE USER INTERST TRACKER (SUITOR)

Computers would have been much more powerful, had they gained perceptual and sensory abilities of the living beings on the earth. What needs to be developed is an intimate relationship between the computer and the humans. And the Simple User Interest Tracker (SUITOR) is a revolutionary approach in this direction. By observing the Webpage one is browsing, the SUITOR can help by fetching more information at his desktop. By simply noticing where the user's eyes focus on the computer screen, the SUITOR can be more precise in determining his topic of interest. It can even deliver relevant information to a handheld device. The success lies in how much the suitor can be intimate to the user

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Chapter 4 Blue Eye System

B l u e E ye s s ys t e m c o n s i s t s o f a m o b i l e m e a s u r i n g d e v i c e a n d a c e n t r a l analytical system. The mobile device is integrated with Bluetooth module providing wireless interface between sensors worn by the operator and the central unit. ID cards assigned to each of the operators and adequate user profiles on the central unit side provide necessary data personalization . The system consists of: 1. Data Acquisition Unit (DAU) 2. Central System Unit (CSU) The tasks of the mobile Data Acquisition Unit are to maintain Bluetooth connections, to get information from the sensor and sending it over the wireless connection, to deliver the alarm messages sent from the Central System Unit to the operator and handle personalized ID cards. Central System Unit maintains the other side of the Bluetooth connection, buffers incoming sensor data, performs on-line data analysis, records the conclusions for further exploration and provides visualization interface.

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Data Acquisition Unit Central System Unit

8051 family microcontroller

Bluetooth device

Bluetooth device

Connection Manager Module

Data Logger Module

Database

Physiological parameters sensor

Voice interface

Data Analy sis Module

Visualisation Module

Figure 7 Overall system

4.1 Data Acquisition Unit:

Data Acquisition Unit is a mobile part of the Blue eyes system. Its main task is to fetch the physiological data from the sensor and to send it to the central system to be processed. To accomplish the task the device must manage wireless Bluetooth connections (connection establishment, authentication and termination). Personal ID cards and PIN codes provide operator's authorization. Communication with the operator is carried on using a simple 5-key keyboard, a small LCD display and a beeper. When an exceptional situation is detected the device uses them to notify the operator. Voice data is transferred using a small headset, interfaced to the DAU with standard mini-jack plugs. The Data Acquisition Unit comprises several hardware modules 1. Atmel 89C52 microcontroller - system core 2. Bluetooth module (based on ROK101008) 3. HD44780 - small LCD display 4. 24C16 - I2C EEPROM (on a removable ID card) 5. MC145483 13bit PCM codec 6. Jazz Multi sensor interface 7. beeper and LED indicators ,6 AA batteries and voltage level monitor

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microphone earphone JAZZ Multisensor

MC 145483 PCM codec

PCM

Bluetooth module

Atmel 8952 microcontroller Small alphanumeric LCD display

MAX232 Lev el shif ter

LED indicators

BlueEyes
ID card mechanic interf ace ID card Simple key board Data Acquisition Unit

Figure 8 DAU hardware diagram

PCM Codec: PCM codec is used to transmit operators voice and central system sound feedback. The codec that is used here reduces the microcontrollers tasks and lessens the amount of data being sent over the UART. Communication between the Bluetooth module and the microcontroller is carried on using standard UART interface. The speed of the UART is set to 115200 bps in order to assure that the entire sensor data is delivered in time to the central system. Alphanumeric LCD display: The alphanumeric LCD display (two 8-character lines) gives more information of incoming events and helps the operator enter PIN code. The LED indicators show the results of built-in self-test, power level and the state of wireless connection. The simple keyboard is used to react to incoming events (e.g. to silence the alarm sound) and to enter PIN code while performing authorization procedure. ID card interface helps connect the operators DEPT. OF E&C, MITE Page 18

UART

Beeper

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personal identification card to the DAU. Each ID card is programmed to contain: operators unique identifier, device access PIN code the operator enters on inserting his ID card and system access PIN code that is used on connection authentication. The operators unique identifier enables the supervising system to distinguish different operators. Microcontroller software specification: All the DAU software is written in 8051 assembler code, which assures the highest program efficiency and the lowest resource. At a low-level design the software is modeled using a state diagram which facilitates implementation, debugging and testing phases.

4.2 Central System Unit (CSU)

Central System Unit hardware is the second peer of the wireless connection. The box contains a Bluetooth module and a PCM codec for voice data transmission. The module is interfaced to a PC using a parallel, serial and USB cable. The audio data is accessible through standard mini jack sockets. The four main CSU modules are: Connection Manager, Data Analysis, Data Logger and Visualization. 1. Connection Manager It is responsible for managing the wireless communication between the mobile Data Acquisition Units and the central system. The Connection Manager handles: 1. communication with the CSU hardware 2. searching for new devices in the covered range 3. establishing Bluetooth connections 4. connection authentication 5. incoming data buffering 6. sending alerts

2. Data Analysis Module

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each of the working operators. The module consists of a number of smaller analyzers extracting different types of information. Each of the analyzers registers at the appropriate Operator Manager or another analyzer as a data consumer and, acting as a producer, provides the results of the analysis. An analyzer can be either a simple signal filter (e.g. Finite Input Response (FIR) filter) or a generic data extractor (e.g. signal variance, saccade detector) or a custom detector module. As it is not possible to predict all the supervisors needs, the custom modules are created by applying a supervised machine learning algorithm to a set of earlier recorded examples containing the characteristic features to be recognized. The visual attention level analyzer uses as input the results produced by the saccade detector. Low saccadic activity (large delays between subsequent saccades) suggests lowered visual attention level (e.g. caused by thoughtfulness). The Pulse rate analyzer registers for the oxy hemoglobin and deoxy hemoglobin level data streams. Since both signals contain a strong sinusoidal component related to heartbeat, the pulse rate can be calculated measuring the time delay between subsequent extremes of one of the signals 3. Data Logger Module : The module provides support for storing the monitored data in order to enable the supervisor to reconstruct and analyze the course of the operators duty. The module registers as a consumer of the data to be stored in the database. Each working operators data is recorded by a separate instance of the Data Logger.

4. Visualization Module: The module provides user interface for the supervisors. It enables them
to watch each of the working operators physiological condition along with a preview of selected video source and his related sound stream. All the incoming alarm messages are instantly signaled to the supervisor. Moreover, the visualization module can be set in the off-line mode, where all the data is fetched from the database. The physiological data is presented using a set of custom-built GUI controls: a pie-chart used to present a percentage of time the operator was actively acquiring the visual information A VU-meter showing the present value of a parameter time series displaying a history of selected parameters' value

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Applications
1. It can be used in the field of security & control, where the contribution of human operator is required round the clock. 2. Engineers at IBM's office: smart tags Research Center in San Jose, CA, report that a number of large retailers have implemented surveillance systems that record and interpret customer movements, using software from Almaden's BlueEyes research project. BlueEyes is developing ways for computers to anticipate users' wants by gathering video data on eye movement and facial expression. Your gaze might rest on a Web site heading, for example, and that would prompt your computer to find similar links and to call them up in a new window. But the first practical use for the research turns out to be snooping on shoppers. BlueEyes software makes sense of what the cameras see to answer key questions for retailers, including, how many shoppers ignored a promotion? How many stopped? How long did they stay? Did their faces register boredom or delight? How many reached for the item and put it in their shopping carts? BlueEyes work by tracking pupil, eyebrow and mouth movement 3. Another application would be in the automobile industry. By simply touching a computer input device such as a mouse, the computer system is designed to be able to determine a person's emotional state. For example, for cars, it could be useful to help with critical decisions like: I know you want to get into the first lane, but Im afraid I cant do that. Your too upset right now and therefore assist in driving safely. 4. Current interfaces between computers and humans can present information vividly, but have no sense of whether that information is ever viewed or understood. In contrast, new real-time computer vision techniques for perceiving people allows us to create "Face-responsive Displays" and "Perceptive Environments", which can sense and respond to users that are viewing them. 5. It can also be implemented in the flight control centers that require the continuous monitoring of a human operator for keeping the track of all flights.

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6. Medical Application: The anesthesiologists can use the system in the operation theaters to monitor the physiological condition of the operator (patient in this case), then accordingly treat the patient.

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Conclusion
The Blue eyes technology ensures a convenient way of simplifying the life by providing more delicate and user friendly facilities in computing devices. The gap between the electronic and physical world will be reduced. The computers can be run by using the implicit commands instead of the explicit commands. In future it is possible to create a computer which can interact with us as we do with each other with the use of blue eye technology. It seems to be a fiction, but it will be the life lead by BLUE EYES in the very near future. ordinary household devices -such as televisions, refrigerators, and ovens -- may be able to do their jobs when we look at them and speak to them.

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BLUE EYE TECHNOLOGY REFERENCES

1. Joseph J. Carr & John M. Brown, "Introduction to blue eyes technology. IEEE spectrum magazine. 2. Picard, R. (1997). Affective Computing. MIT Press: Cambridge. 3. Shumin Zhai, Carlos Morimoto & Steven Ihd ,Manual And Gaze Input Cascaded (MAGIC) Pointing. IBM Almaden 4. Heiko Drewes & Albrecht Schmidt, The MAGIC Touch: Combining MAGIC-Pointing with a Touch-Sensitive Mouse. Media Informatics Group, LMU University of Munich, Pervasive Computing Group, University of Duisburg-Essen.

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