D n u t: Xy dng trang tri trng c chua vi cng ngh thy sinh khng cn t. a im :Gia Lm H Ni.

Nhm lp d n u t _7 Lp u t 50 B Cc thnh vin trong nhm: 1.L Quang Long ( Nhm trng) 2.Nguyn th Thu Huyn 3.Nguyn Th Nhung 4.Nguyn Tin Mnh

Chng I: Cn c ch yu xc nh s cn thit phi u t. 1. Nghin cu cc iu kin v m nh hng n s hnh thnh v thc hin d n u t 1.1.Mi trng kinh t v m c nh hng ti s ra i ca d n. 1.1 Mi trng kinh t v m. 1.1.1 Tc tng trng Tc tng trng ca H Ni 2010 l 10,6% so vi mc tng trung bnh ca c nc l 6.8 % . Vi mc tng trung bnh cao nh vy H Ni H Ni l ni l tng cho vic tiu th hng ha cht lng cao . c bit l vi sn phm ca d n l c chua trng theo phng php thy canh , gi thnh s hn so vi rau bn ngoi ch. 1.1.2 Li sut HIn ti li sut cho vay ca ngn hng l 23% / thng . l li sut rt cao i vi bt k ngnh ngh sn sut kinh daonh no .Hin ti cc cu ti vay vn ngn hng kinh daonh phn ln phi chu l do phi chu tin li vay cao . D n trng rau an ton ang c s khuyn khch u i ca chnh ph nn cso l li sut vay c th l 20% bt phn no gnh nng chi ph vn nu d n c u t 1.1.3 Lm pht T l lm pht nm 2010 l 11% cao vt so vi ch tiu quc hi ra l 5% . Lm pht cao s l mtj ri ro tim tng lm suy gim hiu qu u t . N s tc u y li sut tng cao , tng chi ph vn gim li nhun d n nn s lm gim hiu qu. 1.1.4 NGoi thng HIn nay , rau qu trung quc ang trn ngp th trng Vit Nam , do gi r t thng thng nhp khu rau qu trung quc qua cc ng tiu ngch . Khng nhng th cn dn mc rau an ton by bn ch ci s lm mt lng tin ca

ngi tiu dng v rau sch , gy tm l hoang mang lo s , chnh v vy cng gy nh hng ti d n trong vic a sn phm ti tay khch hng. 1.2/Cc vn bn k thutv cn c php l -Quyt nh s 67/1998/Q-BNN_KHKT ngy 28/04/1998 ca B Nng nghip v pht trin nng thn v quy nh tm thi v sn xut rau an ton. -Php lnh VSATTP ngy 26/7/2003. +Quyt nh s 15 ngy 14/4/2004 ca B Nng nghip v pht trin nng thn quy nh 4 tiu chun v rau an ton : +Hm lng kim loi nng c khng ch mc cho php ph thuc vo nc ti, cht t v phn bn. +Hm lng Nitrat ch yu l do phn bn bng m Ure, nu phn bn qu gn ngy thu hoch th hm lng s vt qu ch tiu. +Hm lng vi sinh vt c quyt nh do nc ti v phn bn nn ch c dng nc ging khoan nc sng ln, khng bn phn cha qua x l. +D lng thuc bo v thc vt. --> Gip d n xem xt sn phm c m bo cht lng an ton khng iu ny l mu cht to nn thng hiu , v t anh hng ti s ln v gi thnh sn phm, anhe hng ti kt qu u t -Quyt nh s 03/2007/Q_BNN quy nh v cng b tiu chun, cht lng sn phm ,hng ha c th chuyn ngnh nng nghip.

Quy nh s 04/2007/Q-BNN ban hnh quyt nh v qun l sn xut v chng nhn rau an ton. -Vn bn chnh thc VIETGAP ca B Nng nghip v pht trin nng thn.Tiu chun GAP do chi cc bo v thc vt cng b. -Quyt nh 107/2008/Q-ttg v chnh sch h tr sx, ch bin, tiu th rau qu an ton: + Mc tiu ca Quyt nh l n nm 2015 100% din tch rau, 100% din tch cy n qu, 100% din tch ch ti cc vng sn xut an ton tp trung p ng yu cu sn xut an ton theo hng thc hnh nng nghip tt-> th nn d n i vo hot ng s gip chnh ph hon thnh mc tiu trn +i tng c hng chnh sch c u t sn xut cho rau qu ch an ton d n s thun li hn trong vic cho php i vo xy dng v hot ng Trong khon 3 iu 1 : + Ngn sch nh nc s kho st a hnh , quy inh quy m v quy nh nhng vn ph hp cho vng sn xut , ng thi xy dng ci to c s h tng + Ngn sch a phng h tr u t cho bun bn kho bo qun , xc tin thng mi chuyn giao khoa hc k thut + T chc u t rau qu ch an ton c u tin thu t , hoc tin s dng t vi gi u i cao nht.... -> iu ny s giup cho d n gim chi ph u t , tng li nhun , tng hiu qu sn xut sau ny Cc vn bn ca khi kinh t v qun l nh nc : -Thng t s 09/BKH/VPKT ngy 21/09/1996 ca B K hoch v u t hng dn lp v thm nh d n u t. * Nhng kh khn khi thc hin nhng cn c php l ny: - Nhng d n c thnh ph duyt khng nhiu : theo mt bi bo hin nay c 16 d n xy dng vng rau an ton vi din tch 1925 ha ang trnh by cc c s

v UBND thnh ph nhng ch c 3 d n vi 187 ha c thnh ph ph duyt , mt phn l do c nu ra l lm vic thiu hiu qu ca c quan chc nng, ng thi tnh hnh quy hoch ca c a phng cha n nh cn trng cho nhau gy mt thi gian cho vic ph duyt cng nh thc hin d n.Khng gi quyt kho khu ny th s nh hng ti tc ca d n lm tng chi ph v gim hiu qu u t. 1.3/ Tnh hnh kinh t x hi nh hng n s ra i ca d n. 1.3.1. Tnh hnh pht trin kinh t x hi chung ca thnh ph H Ni. Kinh t th nm 2010 phc hi v tng trng kh, tng trng cao hn ch tiu ra v gp 1,64 ln mc tng chung ca c nc. Vi kt qu ny, mc tng GDP bnh qun giai on 2006-2010 t 10,7%. Nm nay, tng trng GDP ca th c t 11%, thu nhp bnh qun t khong 37 triu ng (tng ng 1.900 USD) Theo bo co ca S Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn H Ni, hin nay, tng din tch trng rau ca thnh ph t gn 11.650 ha, trong ch c 2.105 ha trng rau an ton. Mi nm thnh ph t sn xut c khong 570.000 tn rau, p ng c khong 30% nhu cu v rau xanh trn a bn . ng l ng lo ngi khi ch c trn 2.000 ha rau sch, cn 9.000 ha cn li, s lng rau sch chim bao nhiu phn trm th cha c mt bo co no ch ra c . Theo s liu thng k t bo co ca 62 tnh, thnh th s v ng c l 2.160 v, s ngi cht do ng c thc phm 391 ngi. Ring nm 2008, s v ng c l 468 v v c 89 ngi cht. Trong s v ng c do n phi rau qu cha cht gy hi khng phi him. C mt bo co ca B NNPTNT th kt qu kim tra ngu nhin trn rau qu ti mt s tnh, thnh ph qu III, qu IV nm 2008 trong 76 mu rau c n 40 mu nhim vi sinh vt vt qu gii hn cho php chim 52,6%. ->

nhng iu trn cho thy s bo ng v an ton thc phm trn a bn c nc ni chung v H Ni ni ring . N cng cho thy s cn thit trong vic pht trin v m rng ngun thc phm an ton trong c rau an ton trn c nc Vy nn trong cc chnh sch ca mnh Nh nc lun khuyn khch pht trin nng nghip nht l trng c cy rau , cy n qu theo phng php an ton v to mi iu kin thun li pht trin cc d n v nng nghip. 1.3.2.Tnh hnh kinh t x hi ca huyn Gia Lm. Huyn Gia Lm l khu vc pht trin th pha ng Bc ca Th H Ni, l ni tp trung cc cng trnh u mi giao thng v h tng k thut quan trng ca quc gia v ca thnh ph. Bn cnh , y cng l khu vc pht trin cc c s cng nghip quy m, cc trung tm dch v, thng mi ln. Ton huyn hin c 3 siu th ln, 17 ch, trong c 13 ch quy m bn kin c; c 890 doanh nghip ngoi quc doanh, vi s vn hn 3.300 t ng, thu ht 13.118 lao ng(nm2009). Gi tr sn xut cng nghip ngoi quc doanh nm 2008 t gn 603 triu ng. Ht qu I/2009, gi tr sn xut cc ngnh kinh t tng 10,96% so vi qu I nm 2008, trong thng mi dch v 16,7%, cng nghip xy dng tng 12,2%. L khu vc nng nghip, nng thn ngoi thnh H Ni, Gia Lm c gi tr sn xut nng, thy sn nm sau cao hn nm trc. Trng trt tng bnh qun 1,5%, chn nui tng 5,6%, thy sn tng 10,2%; din tch rau an ton t 60%. Mt s cy trng hiu qu kinh t thp c xu hng gim dn, c thay th bng cc din tch cy n qu, rau hoa, cy cnh c hiu qu kinh t cao hn. Gia Lm cng hnh thnh cc vng sn xut rau an ton (RAT) tp trung ti cc x Vn c, L Chi, ng X, ng D... Huyn Gia Lm phn u n nm 2010, 100% din tch rau trn a bn u c sn xut theo quy trnh RAT. V vn ho-x hi: Trong 3 nm tr li y, i sng ca ngi dn huyn Gia Lm c nng ln mt cch r rt. Nm 2008 c hn 10.000 lao ng ca huyn c to vic lm v c thu nhp n nh; s h ngho gim cn 2,3%; xa xong nh dt nt; 100% x, th trn c trm y t t chun; 22 trng hc t chun quc gia; 100% cc ng lin thn, x c b tng ha.

Nh vy c th ni vic trin khai thc hin D n sn xut rau sch tai a bn x Vn c, huyn Gia Lm, H Ni l mt la chn ng n, nhng li th ca H Ni s gp phn quan trng cho s thnh cng ca d n.

1.4/ iu kin t nhin ca huyn Gia Lm v tim nng cho pht trin trng rau sch 1.4.1.iu kin t nhin -V tr a l: Huyn l Th trn Tru Qu nm pha ng H Ni Din tch: 108,4466 km .S x, th trn: 22. Dn s S dn: 190.194 Mt : 1753 ngi/km Thnh phn dn tc: Ch yu l Kinh Huyn Gia Lm c rt nhiu t nng phc v cho nng nghip . Gia Lm cn l a phng cung cp rau thng xuyn cho a bn H Ni .Do lao ng y c kinh nghim v trng rau ,c thi gian di tip xc vi th trng cung cu v rau nn s hiu r v th trng ny, v s d dng tip thu cng ngh trng rau v thm nhp vo th trng d dng -t ai Din tch t ca H Ni l 921 km2, c chia lm 3 loi t chnh: t ph sa, t cn ci v t xm. Phn ln ph sa c bi p t cc sng ngi vi din tch 52.500ha tp trung ch yu cc huyn Gia Lm, Thanh Tr, T Lim v mt vi x huyn ng Anh. Din tch t cn ci vo khong 33.000ha --> D n trng rau an ton do p dng cng ngh thy sinh khng cn t nu trng tri c th xy dng y nhng ni t cn ci min l a hnh vng chc dng nh knh. Nhng cn phi ch nn xy dng nhng ni cao ro trnh b ngp do l lt - Kh hu Kh hu ca H Ni thuc khu vc nhit i, gi ma lnh v nng, vi lng ma trung bnh 1.689 mm, c 80% lng ma tp trung vo cc thng t 5-8 trong c ma to v bo ri vo khong thng 7. Ma kh ko di t thng 11 nm trc n thng 4 nm sau, thi gian kh nht trong nm ri vo cc thng 12, 1 v thng 2. Nhit trung bnh hng nm khong 24o, thng 1 l thng lnh nht vi nhit trung bnh l 16o v thng 7 l thng nng nht vi nhit trung bnh ln ti 29o. m ko di gn nh quanh nm, cc thng c m cao nht l thng 3, 4 v

thng 8, m thp nht ri vo cc thng 10, 11 v 12. Tri nng trung bnh 4h mt ngy, t thng 5 n thng 10 tri nng ko di t 5 6 h/ ngy, tuy nhin t thng 2 n thng 3 li gim xung ch cn 1,6h/ngy. --> do trng rau trong nh knh nn khng b nh hng nhiu t thi tit nhit c th trng rau quanh nm . Qua ta c th thy khi chn Gia Lm lm ni xy dng trang tri . Chng ta s tit kim c mt chi ph , thi gian o to ngun nhn lc do ngi dn ni y trng rau qu lu nm hiu kh r v ra qu. + y chng ta tit kim c chi ph xy ng x, v gn ngun tiu th gim gi thnh chi phi vn chuyn . Ngun cung rau qu lun c lin tc , ti mi +Nh ni rn chnh sch v m nh nc khuyn khch u t sn xut bun bn rau qu .Chng ta s s c u i v gi thu t , c tr cp ca tnh v xy dng cng trnh ph nh ng dn nc, ng in ....

Do s gim c chi ph sn xut ,gim c gi thnh chnh v th s tng li nhun

1.4.2. - Tim nng pht trin trang tri rau thy canh: -Gia Lm c iu kin t nhin kh thun li cho vic sn xut nng nghip. Gia Lm c iu kin t nhin kh thun li. L mt vng c iu kin t nhin in hnh ca Thng Long H Ni,,song Hng chy qua,mt nm 4 ma,nhit trung bnh nm l 23,6 , m trung bnh cao 79%,lng ma trung bnh 1800mm,mt nm c khong 114 ngy ma. Mc d trng rau nh knh,cng hn ch nhiu nh hng ca thin nhin,nhng sn xut nng nghip khng th hon ton tch ri vi thin nhin. a hnh ng bng tng i bng phng,rt thun li cho vic xy dng nhng trang tri ln. -Gia Lm c truyn thng trng rau: Gia Lm c nhiu nng phm c a thch,nh i ng D, Tru Qu c bit n nh l "th ph" cy ging ca cc tnh pha Bc Gia Lm cng hnh thnh cc vng sn xut RAT tp trung ti cc x Vn c, L Chi, ng X, ng D... Ngi dn c nhiu kinh nghim theo di chm sc rau. Nhng kinh nghim lu nm cng gy tr ngi trong vic thay i tip thu cng ngh mi. Tuy nhin,chng ta c th khc phc bng cch ban u s dng ngun lao ng

khong 25 n 40 tui,va c sn mt lng kinh nghim li va c kh nng tip thu cng ngh mi. Con ngi Gia Lm ngy cng c mc sng cao. Gia Lm thuc H Ni,th nc ta nhng nm va qua u c mc tng trng cao,nm 2010 tng trng 11%,thu nhp bnh qun t 37 triu. V vy,th trng tiu th rau cht lng cao kh rng v khng ch c nhm n ni thnh H Ni,m ngay ti Gia Lm cng c th tiu th mt lng ln. -Gia Lm c c s h tng tt. Giao thong y kh thun li cho vic vn chuyn rau vo H Ni,ti cc siu th ln nh BigC,Metrotit kim ng k c chi ph vn chuyn,bo qun -Thng hiu nng nghip ca Gia Lm. Gia Lm trng rau an ton cht lng,nhng nhng khch sn ln y vn s dng rau nhp khu t Lt hoc Thi Lan,v rau Gia Lm ch phc v cho nhu cu bnh dn thi. Cn pht trin cng tc xy dng thng hiu ng mc cho ngun rau sch nng sut cao,sn phm rau s c c s cng nhn ca th trng,gi tr kinh t s cao. D ban u c th kh tn km chi ph. V thc t ngun rau sch y c cht lng khng thua km cc vng trn,c bit l c s dng cng ngh thy canh trong nh knh. Nh vy,iu kin t nhin,vn ha x hi c nhiu thun li cho d n trang tri trng rau bng cng ngh thy canh trong nh knh.Th mnh ca chng ta l kt hp ngun lc cng ngh cao v cng tc qun l cc khu t lp d n,n thc hin d n mt cch ng b,c quy hoch v quan tm ng mc n to lp thng hiu rau sch cht lng cao. 1.5.iu kin v dn s v lao ng. Theo Bo co, trong giai on 2007-2009, Vit Nam gp nhiu thch thc do tc ng ca nn kinh t ton cu b suy gim vi nhng nh hng r rt n th trng lao ng. Bo co cng ch ra mt s xu hng quan trng v vic lm nh: Vit Nam t c cc mc tiu ca Chng trnh vic lm bn vng, l mt yu t quan trng chng i ngho. T trng vic lm d b tn thng gim xung 4,3% do s gia tng t trng lao ng lm cng n lng l 2,9% v gia tng lao ng t lm l 8,2%. Tuy nhin, li c s gia tng t trng lao ng gia nh khng c tr cng l 4,0%, i ngc li vi xu hng trn. Vit Nam cng l nc c t l vic lm tnh trn dn s tng i cao, ng vi gn 75% dn s t 15 tui tr ln. Tuy nhin, do nh hng bt n ca khng hong ti chnh ton cu, t l tham gia lc lng lao ng Vit Nam gim trong giai on 2007-2009. T l tham gia lc lng lao ng tng i vi nam gii v n gii trong tui 15-19 t 37,1% nm 2007 ln 43,8% nm 2009, cho

thy c mt lc lng ln thanh thiu nin ri b nh trng tm vic kim sng v h tr gia nh. S liu c a ra trong bo co cng cho thy, ngnh chim nhiu lao ng nht Vit Nam l ngnh nng nghip, lm nghip v thy sn vi gn 23 triu lao ng -nm 2008. Nhng vic lm trong ngnh nng nghp, lm nghip v thy sn c chiu hng gim v s mc 21,1 triu lao ng vo nm 2020 Cn theo kt qu nghin cu ca Trung tm Hp tc pht trin ngun nhn lc C&D mi c cng b u thng 2-2010 th c ti 64% lao ng n thiu vic lm n nh. Trong s , c ti 25% s lao ng c mc lng khng tng xng vi cng sc lao ng b ra. iu cho thy, xu hng vic lm nm 2010 vn thiu tnh bn vng.Nghin cu c thc hin t nm 1997 ti nm 2007 khng nh, ch c gn 23% tng lc lng lao ng ang lm vic trong khu vc lm cng n lng, cn li 77% ang t lm vic hnh thc h gia nh, sn xut, kinh doanh nh. Qua ta thy ngun lao ng cho nng nghip rt di do. -Dn s ti huyn Gia Lm l khong 227.600 ngi (nm 2009). Theo quy m nghin cu lp quy hoch, c tnh n nm 2020, dn s ton huyn vo khong 323.000 ngi: khong 130.000 dn khu vc th v 193.000 dn khu vc ngoi th. Trong , lao ng nng nghip khong 16,2 ngn ngi ( chim t l khong 10%) v lao ng phi nng nghip (cng nghip - xy dng, dch v) khong 145,4 ngn ngi. Vi nhng c im v lc lng lao ng ti a phng,khi d n xy dng s c ngun cung cp lao ng di do v cht lng, chi ph khng cao. ng thi vic thc hin d n s gp phn gii quyt tnh trng tht nghip trong tnh. 2)Quy hoch v k hoch pht trin d n u t: 2.1.Quy hoch pht trin ngnh nng nghip : Pht trin sn xut nng nghip H Ni theo hng sn xut hng ho v cng ngh cao. u tin trng cy la nng sut cao, trng hoa v cy cnh, cy n qu, trng rau sch, chn nui i gia sc, khi phc v pht trin cc lng ngh truyn thng, pht trin cc lng ngh mi lin kt vi cc KCN, s dng cng ngh khng gy nhim v nng cao tnh cnh tranh ca cc lng ngh. Pht trin dn c nng thn, hnh thnh cc trung tm tiu vng trong huyn l cc th trn hoc th t cung cp cc dch v cng cng thit yu. Xy dng m hnh

th im cc cm dn c i mi gn vi cc trung tm dch v sn sut ti cc cm, im dn c trung tm x nh: im dn c x sn xut la ti Thanh Oai, chn nui b sa ti Ba V, nui trng thy sn ti M c, trng rau an ton ti ng Anh, Sc Sn, Gia Lm, trng cy n qu ti an Phng, trng hoa ti M Linh, im dn c TTCN, lng ngh ti Thng Tn, Chng M... Xy dng cc c ch chnh sch h tr, bo h v thu v ging cy trng, vt nui cho cc h dn. Tng bc nhn rng m hnh ny, to nn vng nng thn c trng cho Th H ni, kt hp vi vic gi gn v pht huy bn sc cc lng xm, di tch tn ngng khai thc pht trin du lch. Hn ch tng mt dn s khu vc nng thn v tng cng cc bin php gim thiu nhim mi trng nng thn, c bit ti cc lng ngh. T nm 2010, sau khi UBND TP.H Ni ph duyt nh hng quy hoch mng li sn xut RAT trn a bn TP.H Ni n nm 2020 cng vi nhng trin khai tch cc ca S NNPTNT, RAT tm c th trng tiu th.Din tch trng rau lin tc tng.Ngy 28.1.2010, UBND TP.H Ni ph duyt nh hng quy hoch mng li sn xut RAT trn a bn thnh ph n nm 2020. Theo , n nm 2015 din tch sn xut rau l 13.930,6ha, trong cc vng sn xut tp trung l 151 vng vi tng din tch 6.602ha. Chi cc Bo v thc vt (BVTV) H Ni (S NNPTNT) cho bit, kt qu qun l n ht thng 12.2010, RAT c phn ra cc loi c din tch c th nh sau: RAT c sn xut theo quy trnh sn xut rau hu c c tng din tch 10,2ha ca 10 nhm nng dn Sc Sn (trung bnh 1ha/nhm) c cp giy chng nhn hu c ca D n pht trin nng nghip hu c VNFU-ADDA; RAT sn xut theo quy trnh thc hnh nng nghip tt (VietGap) tng din tch 68,3ha phn b 6 im: Vn c (Gia Lm), Lnh Nam (Hong Mai), Song Phng, Tin Yn (Hoi c), Giang Bin, C Khi (Long Bin), Yn M (Thanh Tr); RAT sn xut theo Quyt nh 104/2009 ca UBND TP c tng din tch 321ha phn b 51 HTX, nhm nng dn, DN. Ti ba khu vc trng rau trn, Chi cc BVTV H Ni u c cn b gim st k thut sn xut cho nhm nng dn, cp giy chng nhn iu kin sn xut RAT. Vi nhng nh hng nh trn ca chnh ph th Huyn Gia Lm s c y nhng iu kin thun li trong qu trnh thc thi d n trng rau an tan . D n trng rau sch bng phng php thy canh c th tn dng c nhng chnh

sch h tr, bo h v thu, v ging cy trng.. . gip d n gim chi ph vn u vo, v tm c u ra cho sn phm rau sch. 2.2/.Quy hoch v k hoch pht trin lnh vc kt cu h tng k thut 2.2.1. nh hng pht trin giao thng i ngoi. - ng b: Ci to, nng cp mng li giao thng ng b hin hu gm cc tuyn Quc l, tnh l hng tm v th li lch s v ng vnh ai. Xy dng cc tuyn song hnh trn cc hng tuyn chnh nh QL32, ng lng Ha Lc, QL6, QL1A, 1B, QL5, QL3 nhm chia s s qu ti cho cc tuyn hng tm ny. i vi cc tuyn vnh ai: Hon thin tuyn Vnh ai IV, vnh ai V, cc tuyn cao tc dc cc hnh lang kinh t quan trng v kt ni cc th i trng vi th H Ni. Trong tuyn ng vnh ai IV l ng vnh ai ngoi ca th ht nhn. Xy dng mi 7 cu, 1 hm qua sng Hng; Xy dng h thng cc nt giao ct khc mc; Ci to xy dng h thng cc bn, bi xe u mi. 2.2.2. nh hng pht trin giao thng ngoi . - Mng li ng b: S dng cc tuyn quc l v ng cao tc hng tm hin hu kt ni th v tinh vi th trung tm nh QL 32, ng cao tc Lng Ho Lc, QL6, QL 1A v ng cao tc Bc Nam, QL3 v ng cao tc H Ni Thi Nguyn. Xy dng mi cc tuyn Ty Thng Long, Trc Thng Long ni tip t ng Hong Quc Vit n th Ho Lc, tuyn H ng Xun Mai, tuyn Ngc Hi Ph Xuyn, tuyn ng sinh thi nng nghip (trc Bc Nam c), tuyn Xun Mai Quan Sn - i Ngha; tuyn X Quan Sn v cc tuyn dc theo cc sng sinh thi kt hp du lch v vn ti thu Qua nhng quy hoch v h tng k thut ca chnh ph s to iu kin cho vic vn chuyn rau sch t Gia Lm vo th H Ni d dng hn. Nh th m s tit kim c chi ph s dng vn, em li hiu qua cao cho d n u t. 2.2.3.Quy hoch pht trin th H Ni. Theo k hoch s dng t,H Ni s thc hin thu hi, chuyn hn 5.200 ha t nng nghip phc v cho nhu cu pht trin ca th. Mc d thi gian qua, cc huyn ngoi thnh H Ni u c quy hoch, nhng cn hn ch bi phn ln mi dng t l 1/5000. n thi im hin ti, cng tc nghin cu quy hoch pht trin th ni chung v phc v Chng trnh ca Thnh u v Pht trin kinh t ngoi thnh, tng bc hin i ho nng thn trn a bn cn c vo quy hoch chung c Th tng Chnh ph Ph duyt ti Quyt nh s 108/1998/Q-TTg. T quy hoch chung ny, c th thy qu t n nh dnh cho nng nghip nng thn, ngoi thnh H Ni c hnh thnh nh sau: ti cc huyn Sc Sn, ng Anh v Gia Lm qu t u tp trung khu vc pha ng, huyn Thanh Tr pha Nam- Ty Nam v ng Nam. Ring huyn T Lim l

ni tc th ha nhanh, nn qu t dnh cho nng thn cn li khng nhiu, ch yu ti pha Ty. Theo bo co ca S Quy hoch- Kin trc (QHKT) thnh ph, n nay H Ni cn khong 40 x cn vng t nng nghip n nh. Tuy nhin, trc tc ng ca quy hoch vng Th ang trong qu trnh nghin cu quy hoch v iu chnh quy hoch xy dng chung gn vi yu t m rng ranh gii hnh chnh t vng nng nghip khu vc ngoi thnh H Ni trc nhng bin ng. Vic chuyn dch c cu kinh t, c cu lao ng v xy dng h tng nng thn ngoi thnh theo hng vn minh hin i u i hi cng tc quy hoch phi a ra c nhng d bo v thi gian c hng u t ph hp. Trc mt, Thnh ph cn xc nh cc vng sn xut nng nghip tng i n nh t xy dng phng n u t da trn quy hoch tng th. V lu di, do b th ha nn vng ngoi thnh H Ni sm xy dng k hoch ph hp vi qu trnh nghin cu quy hoch vng Th v iu chnh quy hoch chung, gn vi nghin cu m rng khng gian H Ni Trn c s xc nh cc vng sn xut nng nghip n nh khu vc ngoi thnh , H Ni trin khai cc d n pht trin vng hoa tp trung ti x Ty Tu (T Lim); vng sn xut rau an ton ti cc x: Yn M, Duyn H (Thanh Tr); ng X, Vn c (Gia Lm); Vn Ni, Nam Hng (ng Anh); Thanh Xun (Sc Sn). Cc vng trng mt s huyn ngoi thnh cng chuyn i sang nui trng thu sn. Hnh thnh vng chn nui b cht lng cao Sc Sn, Gia Lm... Vi qu trnh pht trin th ha, H Ni ang tp trung quy hoch pht trin vng nng nghip khu vc ngoi thnh. Gia Lm l khu vc nm pha ng H Ni , a im trong quy hoch ca chnh ph nn s c nhiu iu kin pht trin nng nghip. sn xut lng thc, cung ng rau an tan cho th . Nh vy d n trng rau sch bng phng php thy canh c tnh kh thi cao ,s p ng y nhu cu ca ngi dn, 2.2.4. Quy hoch xy dng huyn Gia Lm: Quy hoch do Trung tm Pht trin vng SENA lp thng 1/2008 c UBND thnh ph ph duyt ngy 20/1/2009. Theo , quy m t ai c nghin cu v lp quy hoch c chia lm hai khu vc: khu vc th c tng din tch khong 4.876,58 ha gm din tch khu vc th l 1.492,47 ha v din tch t pht trin th l 3.384,11 ha; khu vc ngoi th c tng din tch 6.596,41 ha gm: t cc trung tm dch v nng thn, t cc im dn c nng thn v t nng nghip cn li.

Huyn Gia Lm l khu vc pht trin th pha ng ca Th H Ni; l ni tp trung cc cng trnh u mi giao thng v h tng k thut quan trng ca quc gia v ca thnh ph. Bn cnh , y cng l khu vc pht trin cc c s cng nghip quy m, cc trung tm dch v, thng mi ln v l khu vc nng nghip, nng thn ngoi thnh H Ni. y ng thi cng l vnh ai xanh, cung ng thc phm v ngun t d tr ca thnh ph. Trn c s xy dng huyn Gia Lm nh trn th c th thy c Gia Lm l a im tt thc hin d n ph hp vi quy hoch chung, v s c hng nhng u i ring ca chnh ph v thu, v quyn s dng t.Tn dng li th ngun nhn cng lao ng v cng phong ph , dn c xung quanh ch yu lm nng nghip.Gia Lm nm trong quy hoch tng hp phtt rin ca thnh ph ph hp vi c im iu kin t nhin , iu kin x hi, phong tc tp qun, ngnh ngh truyn thng Qua Gia Lm s l mt khu vc thun li tin hnh trin khai d n.

Chng II: Nghin cu th trng

1./ Phn tch nh gi khi qut th trng tng th v sn phm ca d n 1.1.Ngun cung cp *Thc trng ngun cung -n thi im hin nay, sn lng rau sn xut trn a bn thnh ph H Ni khong 570.000 tn, p ng c 60% nhu cu rau xanh trn th trng, 40% lng rau t cc tnh, thnh khc a v. nh gi mc tha mn ca th trng Cu rau sch ca th trng d n rt ln v ang rt bc xc. C ti 87,36% khch hng sn sng chi tr gi gp 1,5 - 2 ln gi rau ang dng chuyn sang mua rau cc ca hng rau sch m h tin l rau sch Hin nay cc loi c chua trn th trng cng ging nh nhiu loi rau khc,bn tri ni cc ch rt nhiu. Xut x khng r,cht lng c chua th khng c g m bo. Cc ch,cc m i ch c mua theo thi quen tiu dng. Tuy nhin,khi c hi v tin cy ca ngi mua i vi c chua th cu tr li ca a s ngi tiu dng l khng bit,ch ra ch chn mua nhng qu nhn trng c v ti l c. *Phn tch thc trng ny

Theo s liu bo co tng quan v rau qu ca Vit Nam ca Vin kinh t nng nghip nm 2005,cc s liu nh sau v quan h gia thu nhp v nhu cu rau qu,trong c c chua. - Tnh hnh tiu th trong nc Mt s nghin cu v tnh hnh tiu th cc loi rau qu ca Vit Nam trong thi gian qua. Cc nghin cu cho thy rau v qu l hai sn phm kh ph bin trong cc h gia nh. Theo nghin cu ca IFPRI nm 2002(vin nghin cu chnh sch lng thc quc t), ICARD nm 2004(nhm nghin cu trung tm thng tin) Cc loi rau qu c tiu th rng ri nht l rau mung (95% s h tiu th), c chua (88%) v chui (87%). H gia nh Vit Nam tiu th trung bnh 71 kg rau qu cho mi ngi mi nm. Theo tnh ton ca IFPRI, tiu th cc khu vc thnh th c xu hng tng mnh hn nhiu so vi cc vng nng thn. - Khi thu nhp cao hn, th cc h cng tiu th nhiu rau qu hn. Tiu th rau qu theo u ngi gia ca cc h giu nht gp 5 ln cc h ngho nht, t 26 kg n 134 kg. co gin theo thu nhp i vi c chua l tng i cao so vi mt bng cc loi rau qu Bng: co gin chi tiu i vi rau v qu Sn phm co gin Rau mung 0,40 Su ho 0,46 Bp ci 0,70 C chua 0,88 Rau khc 0,48 Cam 1,45 Chui 0,79 Xoi 1,38 Qu khc 1,12 Cc loi rau 0,54 Cc loi qu 1,09 Qu & Rau 0,74 (Ngun: IFPRI, 2002 ) T bng trn, co gin ca cu c chua vi thu nhp l 0,88_ mc tng i cao. Cho thy khi thu nhp tng,cu c chua cng tng nhiu. 2./Phn on th trng v xc nh th trng mc tiu

2.1Phn on th trng *Theo khng gian: Rau c trng Gia Lm,rt gn th H Ni,nn s chia theo khu vc 1: Gia Lm 2: H Ni 3: Mt s vng ln cn *Theo gii tnh: C chua l mt sn phm khng th thiu trong thc n nu n hng ngy,v l mt loi qu rt c phi p yu thch chm sc lm p. Nn n gii l khch hng m d n hng n. *Theo tui Nhng ngi gi vai tr i ch v vo bp tp trung tui trn 16 tui,nhiu tui trn 18. *Theo ngh nghip Nhng u bp s ch yu l cc b,cc m trong gia nh v cc u bp trong cc nh hng khch sn. i vi sn phm lm p t c chua sch,d n bc u s cung cp cho cc ch,cc bn c nhu cu khi hiu r v cht lng sn phm. Tip s hng n cc trung tm nghin cu cc sn phm t c chua lm p hay lm thuc. 2.2/Th trng mc tiu Nh vy,n gii trn 18 tui Gia Lm,H Ni v cc nh hng khch sn Gia Lm,H Ni l khch hng mc tiu u tin ca d n. Sau ,d n cn c hng tm khch hng mc tiu l cc trung tm nghin cu cc sn phm t c chua cho lm p v cha bnh. 3. Xc nh sn phm ca d n *Tn sn phm: Cachuha Sn phm c chua Cachuha s p ng th trng vi 2 mc ch: - Mc ch chnh: L mt loi thc phm nu n. - Ngoi ra Cachuha s l mt loi sn phm lm p t thin nhin dnh cho phi p - Dch v km theo: thit k trng c chua theo phng php thy sinh ti nh. * Tng quan v qu c chua C nhiu ging c chua ang c trng Vit Nam. C th chia c chua thnh 3 loi da vo hnh dng:

- C chua hng: qu c hnh dng qu hng, khng chia mi. Tht qu c, nhiu bt, lng ng trong qu cao. Cc ging thng gp: Ba Lan, hng lan ca Vin cy lng thc; ging 214; HP5; HP1 ca Hi Phng - C chua mi: qu to, nhiu ngn to thnh mi, l ging cy sinh trng v hn, thi gian sinh trng di, nng sut v kh nng chng chu kh nhng cht lng khng bng c chua hng. - C chua bi: qu nh, chua, gi tr thp, thng dng lm nguyn liu to ging. *Thnh phn cc cht dinh dng trong qu c chua: Trong s cc loi rau, c, qu dng lm rau th c chua l thc phm cha vitamin, cht khong v nhiu cht c hot tnh sinh hc nht, l thc phm c li cho sc khe c dng ph bin nhiu nc trn th gii.. Theo Bng thnh phn thc phm Vit Nam nm do Vin Dinh dng bin son nm 2007 th c chua cha nhiu vitamin C (40mg/100g), beta-caroten (393 g/100g), lycopen (3.025 g/100g), vitamin K (7,9 g/100g), mt lng ng k cc cht khong cn thit nh Kali, Mangan, Magie, ng, st, km v cht x ha tan. *Tc dng ca c chua i vi sc khe - Cc nh nghin cu Anh pht hin ra rng vic b sung nhng tri c chua vo ch dinh dng hng ngy s gip bo v c th chng li cc tc hi t tia t ngoi. - C nhiu nghin cu trn th gii chng minh tc dng c bit ca c chua i vi sc khe. Qu c chua c nhiu vitamin, cht khong v vi khong d hp thu, gip cho c th tng cng kh nng min dch, phng chng nhim trng. - Lycopen v beta-caroten c tc dng chng oxy ha mnh, ch n tng cng c chua gp phn lm chm qu trnh lo ho v lm gim nguy c ung th v, ung th tuyn tin lit, ung th i trng, ung th vm hng. - Ngoi ra, c chua cn cha nhiu hp cht ha thc vt khc v cht x gip cho c th bi xut cholesterol, gim cc mu ng, phng cc tai bin ca bnh tim mch, bnh bo ph. C chua n ti, lm nc p th khng b mt vitamin C nhng khi nu chn nh lm st c chua, nu canh vi sn, vi tht nc hay riu cua, riu c li lm tng kh nng hp thu Lycopen v betacaroten. Tm li,c chua c li cho sc khe mi la tui. i vi ch em ph n, n nhiu c chua s c ln da khe p, gim nguy c bo ph v gim nguy c

ung th v. Nhiu nghin cu cho thy, n c chua gip gim nguy c mc bnh tim mch v ung th tuyn tin lit. C chua Dy, l dng sn phm ni tri hn c trong s cc loi c chua lu thng trn th trng hin nay. C chua Dy c v chua nh, ngt thanh c trng, phn tht qu kh dy v c bt cao.Do , C Chua Dy c gii u bp chuyn nghip s dng ngy cng nhiu trong vic ch bin cc loi st c chua cao cp, trang tr v dng km trong nhng mn salad trn. Cc gia nh ngy cng u chung s dng loi c chua ny, do ngon v hnh thc hp dn ca chng. *Kt lun: Ging c chua dy m d n s trng l loi T26,T30 mua ging t cng ty Xanh(Green Co). D kin cho nng sut 150 tn/ha/nm,trng lng trn 80g n 100g 1 qu,mu ,bng p ng nht,t su bnh. * ng gi sn phm -Khi lng d kin s ng gi: 2 loi chnh 500 gram bn l v nhng loi gi ln 5kg hp vi cc khch sn. -Cht liu gi: Gi nha PVC,hoc ti nha LDPE Nguyn nhn s dng 2 loi ti ny. Cc loi bao b c dng bc rau qu ti cc ca hng thc phm, siu th thng c lm t mt loi nha do nh LDPE (low density polyethylene), PVC (polyvinyl chloride)... Loi nha do kh mng (nh hn 25 micromet), v vy kh nng thm hi nc, trao i kh... tt hn cc loi nha plastic khc. Rau qu trong iu kin bnh thng vn hp th oxy v thi kh CO2, nu nhit cao, rau h hp mnh dn n b mt nc v kh ho. Khi c bc trong b, hi nc thi ra s c gi li khin qu trnh h hp b c ch (chm li), rau c v vy m gi c ti lu hn trong iu kin bnh thng. Hn na, nu quan st k, ngi mua s thy trn cc bao b dng bc rau qu thng c cc l nh. Cc l ny c chc nng thng hi cho rau, trnh vic nc khin rau qu b ng. *Hnh thc gi:

rau sch c by bn c giy chng nhn cht lng ca S Khoa hc Cng ngh v Mi trng H Ni v c nim yt gi v khi lng r rng. Gi c in logo ca nh sn xut: Hnh qu c chua cch iu vi ngi ph n cch iu hnh ch S. 4. D bo cung cu th trng v sn phm ca d n u t trong tng lai. 4.1.Phn tch thc trng cu th trng Theo bo co ca UBND H Ni thu nhp trung bnh ca ngi dn nm 2010 l khong 36- 37 triu ng mt thng( khong 1700USD) v theo Trong 5 nm ti, H Ni t mc tiua thu nhp bnh qun u ngi vn ti mc 82-86 triu ng, ngha l hn gp i so vi hin nay. iu cho thy thu nhp ca khu vc H Ni ngy cng cao cho nn s tng nhu cu v chi tiu c bit trong nhng mt hng thc phm c cht lng , thng hiu v lun m bo ngun gc cng nh thung hiu Trong khi thnh ph h ni c 6,5 triu ngi m ton thnh ph 122 ca hng bn rau an ton ngha l trung bnh mt ca hng rau sch phc v rau cho khong 53 nghin , v nh tng ni thnh ph ch p ng c trn 16% nhu cu ca ngi tiu dng l khong 16.000 tn mi nm vi tng nhu cu rau sch trn a bn H Ni l 2.560 Tn ngha l ch p ng 16% (ngun baomoi.com) ,iu cho thy s lng ca hng bn rau sch cn qu it so vi nhu cu ca ngi dn . ---> Nhng iu trn cho thy ngun cung ca rau an ton cho h ni rt thiu , v c bit l ngun cung vi nhng thng hiu m bo i vo lng tin v thi quen tiu dng cho ngi dn cng thiu . 4.2./ D bo cu: C chua l mt loi rau khng th thiu trong nhng ba n ca ngi H Ni.

Nm

S dn thnh th (ngi) Sn lng tiu thu c chua(tn)

2008 2009 2010 2011

2500000 2632087 3452100 D don:4272100

2700 2880 4000

H s co gin ca cu theo dn s thnh th H Ni E=(2880-2700)/(2632087-2500000)*2632087/2880=1,245 Giai on 2009-2010 E=(4000-2880)/(3452100-2632087)*3452100/4000=1,18 Nh vy,c th thy sn lng c chua ph thuc kh n nh ,cht ch vo dn s thnh th,vi h s co gin xp x 1,2. Bng d on nhu cu trong 10 nm ti: Vi dn s H Ni tng trung bnh mi nm l 200.000 ngi,t l dn thnh th khong 40%(80.000ngi),v h s co gin ca s dn thnh th vi cu l xp x 1,2. N Dn s thnh th Tng nhu m (ngi) cu(tn) 2011 3452100 4000 2012 3532100 4111.754606 2013 3612100 4224.01775 2014 3692100 4336.780383 2015 3772100 4450.033808 2016 3852100 4563.769663 2017 3932100 4677.9799 2018 4012100 4792.656764 2019 4092100 4907.792784 2020 4172100 5023.38075 2021 4252100 5139.413702 4.3.D bo cung Da trn nhu cu , cc a phng u c k hoch pht trin nng nghip trng rau an ton.ng trc thc trng nhu cu rau sch ni chung, c chua ni

ring u ang gia tng ng k s lm tng kh nng cung ng v c chua ti a phng. 5. Nghin cu cng tc tip th sn phm 5.1 i tng tiu th sn phm i tng tiu th sn phm ca d n l ph n ni thnh H Ni v Gia Lm,cc khch sn. Ban u,d n hng ti nhng ngi hay i mua hang siu th v cc ca hng rau sch,nhng ngi ny l nhng ngi c thu nhp cao. Tp trung nhng khu th nh nh Trung Ho a Nhn Chi nh, My inh, inh Cng, Nam Trung Yn. Sau d n s tin n phn phi cho ton thnh ph H Ni. 5.2. La chn phng php gii thiu sn phm - a sn phm n tn tay ngi tiu dng: n tng nh tng c chua v bo h so snh sn phm vi c chua m h thng dung. - Hp tc vi cc thm m vin uy tn: h lm tng uy tn cho sn phm ca mnh. V y l ni thng xuyn lui ti ca ch em ph n thu nhp cao,lm ni tr. - Hp tc vi cc nh cung cp rau sch khc khng bn c chua,nhm cng tng thm th phn,khc phc im yu v mt hng c chua(thng lm gia v cho cc loi rau,tht khc). - Qung co: Bt c mt sn phm no, d bnh dn hay t tin th chin lc qung co vn lun lun cn thit i vi doanh nghip. Qung co c ngha rt quan trng: gii thiu sn phm ca cng ty ti tay ngi tiu dng, tuyn truyn nhng u vit ca sn phm v cht lng, gi c. Qung co s c thc hin da vo nhng yu t nh:giai on pht trin ca d n, kh nng chi ph, c im ca khch hng giai on u ,chng ti s qung co thng qua pano, p phch ti cc siu th v cc ca hng bn rau sch cho cng ty. Khi d n pht trin chng ti s qung co thng qua cc phng tin khc nh: + i pht thanh

+Cc chng trnh mua sm tiu dng trn Tivi + Bng ti vi vi thng ip chng ti mun chm sc bn mi ngy. +Qung co trn cc trang web nh webtretho,eva.vn,phunu.net + Qung co trn cc bo cho phi p,bo sng khe. Qua lm bt ln cht lng ca c chua,an ton v c tc dng rt tt cho sc khe v sc p. - K hoch khuyn mi: Ty vo tng giai on pht trin lng tiu th ca d n, cng ty s a ra cc chng trnh khuyn mi khc nhau. V d nh: i vi nhng trung gian quan h hp tc lu di thng xuyn( mua sn phm vi s lng ln v thng xuyn), s chit khu vi gi u i v min ph cc chi ph ngoi sn xut. i vi nhng mi lm n mi , chng ti s u i mc i ng v s lng cng nh cht lng sn phm. - K hoch quan h cng chng Duy tr quan h tt p vi nhng mi lm n sn c v xy dng thm hnh tng ca cng ty thng qua quan h vi bo ch truyn thng cng nh cc phng tin thng tin i chng. Lp k hoch t chc cc chng trnh gii thiu sn phm trong cc hi ch m thc. T chc cc cuc phng vn bng cc hnh thc khc nhau thm d kin khch hng, th trng cng nh cc kin ca i th cnh tranh. T chc cc cuc hp thng nin vi s tham gia ca i tc lm n cng nh cc i l phn phi ca cng ty, to s thn mt, quan tm v chng t tm quan trng ca h i vi doanh nghip. Xy dng cc mi quan h vi nhn dn ,chnh quyn a phng trnh nhng mu thun xung t. Tham gia cc chng trnh kinh t x hi ti da phng, ng gp cng sc vo cng cuc pht trin kinh t trong vng.

5.3.Xc nh v gi c T khi Vit Nam gia nhp WTO ,c s cnh tranh can thip ca cc doanh nghip nc ngoi, th vn v gi c lun dc cc doanh nghip quan tm ch trng. Cng ty kinh doanh mt hng l rau sch, mt sn phm lun c mc cu v cung rt l ln. Cc cng ty cnh tranh lun tm mi cch chim lnh th trng. V th cng ty chng ti lun cao cht lng v gi c ln hng u. Cng ty tin hnh xc nh gi c thng qua chi ph sn xut v gi bn trn th trng Ngoi ra cng ty quan tm n chit khu bn hng linh hot nhm to c s hp dn cng nh cnh tranh gia cc trung gian phn phi sn phm: tng t l chit khu trn doanh thu bn hng hay tng t l chit khu ti cc th trng mi. 5.4. La chn phng n phn phi sn phm: - a ra hnh thc phn phi ti nh(ng k l khch hng v gi in thoi khi c nhu cu) v t hng nh k cho cc gia nh cc khu trung c,din tch khng qu ln,nn s khng mt nhiu cng vn chuyn,c th min ph ph vn chuyn,v c nhng qu tng km theo cho khch hng t hng di hn. - Phn phi ti cc siu th ln Metro,bigC,fivimart. - Phn phi cho cc khch sn. - Bn ti cc ca hng bn rau sch c sn cc khu th trn H Ni: khu M nh,khu nh Cng,Trung Ha Nhn Chnh,v Nam Trung Yn. Cc trung gian ny s hng hoa hng tnh bng % doanh thu bn hng v s chu trch nhim qun l trc tip sn phm ca cng ty . H thng phn phi ca cng ty s c thit lp di hnh thc knh 1cp .

Cc siu th v ca hng s nhp rau an ton ca cng ty trn a bn thnh ph H Ni vi quy m c th sau

Khu vc sn xut c chua

H thng cc siu th v ca hng bn rau an ton

Ngi tiu dng rau an ton a bn thnh ph H Ni 6.Nghin cu kh nng cnh tranh v chim lnh th trng sn phm ca d n 6.1.Kh nng cnh tranh v cc tiu ch nh gi kh nng cnh tranh ca sn phm c chua *Cht lng sn phm L c trng ca sn phm. D n trng rau bng phng php thy canh s cho ra sn phm thc s m bo v cht lng. Cht lng s c qung b thng qua tip xc khch hng,hnh nh in trn balo ap phch rt p v r rng,vi nhng hnh nh v quy trnh to sn phm c chua cng nh chng nhn ca S khoa hc cng ngh v mi trng H Ni. *Gi c sn phm C chua s bn vi gi 24000/1kg,kh cao so vi mc gi 7000/1kg ngoi ch. Tuy nhin chng ti chn mc gi ny v: -Khi iu tra chn mu cc khu th mi,ngi tiu dng sn sang tr gi nh vy. -Hn na,vi nh hng cho sn phm l mt loi gia v cht lng cao,gi c cao s to tm l cho khch hng y l sn phm thc s cht lng. *Nhn hiu sn phm: -Tn gi: Cachuha -Du hiu: Biu tng qu c chua cch iu bn cnh mt ngi ph n cch iu hnh ch S. 6.2.Nghin cu kh nng cnh tranh v chim lnh th trng ca d n *Cc i th cnh tranh: -Rau qu t Trung Quc ang trn ngp th trng H Ni. Ti cc ch u mi nh ch Long Bin,ch u mi n Llun nhn nhp cc xe hng t Trung Quc. C chua Trung Quc bng p,gi hp l, c lu nn rt c cc

nh bun ch la chn bn,t trng c chua Trung Quc chim n 4050%,thm ch vo ma l nm 2008,t trng rau qu Trung Quc trn vo H Ni n 90%. C chua Trung Quc cn c tp kt a i tiu th nhng ni khc. Ti ch u mi gi c chua Trung Quc 3.500 ng 5.500 ng/kg (cao hn c chua Lt 500 ng 1.500 ng/kg). cc ch bn l, c chua Trung Quc cng bn chy hn so vi hng trong nc, gi c chua TQ t 5.500 ng 7.000 ng/kg. nh gi: C chua Trung Quc chim s lng ln trn th trng nhng khng phi i th chnh ca chng ta,v th trng tiu th ch yu l ngi dn thu nhp trung bnh v thp. - cc vng ln cn H Ni,theo Chi cc Bo v thc vt H Ni: thnh ph hin c hn 3.000 ha rau an ton trng cc huyn ngoi thnh. Tuy nhin, ti nhiu vng sn xut tp trung, cho sn lng rau an ton ln nh Vn c( (Gia Lm), Thu Hng( Chng M)...vic tiu th rau an ton vn cha n nh, gp nhiu kh khn. Lng rau tiu th c thp, khng m bo chi ph sn xut do ngi tiu dng cha mn m vi rau an ton, gi thnh thu m ca hng gii thiu v bn rau nhng a im thun li qu cao.Nhiu siu th trong thnh ph d c quy rau an ton song nhn chung, sn lng tiu th thp, li nhun t nn cc siu th vn t quan tm, u t cho ngnh hng ny. Mt s doanh nghip mnh dn u t vo lnh vc sn xut v tiu th rau an ton trn a bn Th nh cng ty TNHH Hng Cnh, cng ty Ph Tam Nng, Tn Kin... u ang gp khng t kh khn v ngun vn, mt bng sn xut v xy dng xng bo qun, s ch rau an ton. Cha k,mt s doanh nghip khi a rau an ton vo siu th vn phi chp nhn hnh thc bn k gi, khng n nh v phi sau mt thi gian mi c thanh ton tin bn rau vic m bo ngun kinh ph ti u t, m rng sn xutdo cn hn ch. nh gi: Cc doanh nghip kinh doanh rau sch hin nay c tc ng n thi quen mua rau sch ca ngi dn,nhng cha thc s . Trong s 60% rau thnh ph t cung cp ch c 18% rau c chng nhn l m bo. Cc doanh nghip ny c im mnh l i trc v c c s n nh. Song vn cn thiu st v u t cho qung co thay i tp qun ngi tiu dng. D n ca chng ta chuyn v c chua,s tip cn su hn vo th trng. -Theo s liu ca cuc iu tra dn s nm 2009, ton thnh ph H Ni c 2.632.087 c dn thnh th, chim 41,1% Mi nm dn s H Ni thm 200 nghn ngi T nm 2001 n 2009, ti H Ni trung bnh c hn 100.000 tr ra i, t l ngi nhp c v H Ni trung bnh khong 100.000 ngi/nm. Nh vy, mi

nm quy m dn s H Ni d kin tng thm tng ng dn s 1 huyn ln vi khong 200.000 ngi.(ng T Quang Huy - Ph Chi cc trng Chi cc Dn s - K hoch ha gia nh (DS-KHHG) H Ni cho bit) Trong vng 10 nm qua (t nm 1999 - 2009), H Ni c t l tng dn s bnh qun l 2%, cao hn 0,8% so vi t l bnh qun c nc.H Ni t mc tiu phn u t 1,10% - 1,15% vo nm 2015. T cc s liu v dn s H Ni nh trn,c th thy rng th trng cng ngy s cng c m rng,t nc ngy cng pht trin,nn thu nhp s tng,c bit th s th hin c iu ny r hn c. -Theo S Cng thng H Ni, hin trung bnh mi ngy thnh ph tiu th khong 1.400 tn rau xanh,trong c chua tiu th l 8 tn/1 ngy,tc l 2880 tn/1 nm. Xc nh ch tiu ch yu: : D n d kin sn xut 200 tn/nm. -Th phn ca d n/th phn ca cc i th: -Th phn ca d n so vi ton b th trng:200/2880=7% - Th phn ca d n so vi phn th trng mc tiu m d n hng ti: -Th phn tng i: + i th cnh tranh ln nht l c chua ti cc siu th v ca hng rau sch hin nay 500 tn/nm. + Th phn tng i l 200/500=40% *Kt lun: Th trng m d n Cachuha hng ti s l n gii c mc thu nhp cao ni thnh H Ni,v cc khch sn ln. D n s chim 7% th phn(ring v thc phm) v a s th phn c chua sch chuyn lm p. D n xc nh r im yu l cn non tr,phi bt u t u,nhng rt t tin vi d n r rng,v xc nh r c cu dnh cho qung co khng nh thng hiu nhm vo lng tin ca khch hng.

Chng 3. Nghin cu kha cnh k thut ca d n. 1.M t sn phm: - Hm lng sinh t: Khi c chua chn, mu ti ca c chua to nn v p rt bt mt trong vic trnh by mn n. Mu ca c chua cng cho thy hm lng vitamin A thin nhin trong c chua cao, trung bnh 100g c chua chn ti s p

ng c 13% nhu cu hng ngy v vitamin A, vitamin B6, vitamin C. Ngoi ra, cn c vitamin B1, B2. - Cht b dng: m, ng, bo v cung cp t nng lng rt thch hp vi ngi s mp. - Khong vi lng: Can xi, st, kali, photpho, magnesium, lu hunh, ni ken, co ban, iot, cc axit hu c di dng mui citrat, malat v tu mi trng trng m c chua cn c ng, molibden. Chnh nh cc yu t trn, c chua c xem l mt thc phm giu cht dinh dng tiu ho, tng cng sc khng ca c th. Ma h c chua c t l ng/ chua cao nht, c k l 10 so vi ma xun l 7. Lng vitamin C thp nht vo ma xun (12mg/100g) so vi 15mg u h v cao nht vo cui h. - C chua hng: qu c hnh dng qu hng, khng chia mi. Tht qu c, nhiu bt, lng ng trong qu cao.

2.La chn hnh thc u t. 2.1Hinh thc u t -D n u t theo hnh thc xy dng mi . -Ni dung u t bao gm: +Xy dng nh vn trng c chua, xy dng nh s ch , nh kho , nh bo qun rau nh iu hnh. +Mua sm cc trang thit b hin i phc v cho sn xut rau , v chuyn rau ti ni tiu th 2.2 Loi hnh doanh nghip v phng thc kinh doanh.d n -D n s tin hnh di hnh thc cng ti trch nhim hu hn 4 thnh vin. Loi hnh doanh nghip ny ngoi mt c li cho ch u t ch phi chu trch nhim

trn phn vn ng gp . N cn rt thun tin trong vic tip nhn thnh vin mi m rng quy m vn , m rng sn xut khu trng c chua. - Khi i vo hot ng d n s s dng hnh thc kinh doanh l cung cp c chua an ton cho cc siu thi ca ni thnh H Ni v cc siu th ca cc khu th xung quanh 3.Xc nh cng sut my mc thit b ca d n. * Cng sut kh thi ca d n -Nhu cu th trng Theo bo co ca UBND H Ni thu nhp trung bnh ca ngi dn nm 2010 l khong 36- 37 triu ng mt thng( khong 1700USD) v theo Trong 5 nm ti, H Ni t mc tiua thu nhp bnh qun u ngi vn ti mc 82-86 triu ng, ngha l hn gp i so vi hin nay. iu cho thy thu nhp ca khu vc H Ni ngy cng cao cho nn s tng nhu cu v chi tiu c bit trong nhng mt hng thc phm c cht lng , thng hiu v lun m bo ngun gc cng nh thung hiu Trong khi thnh ph h ni c 6,5 triu ngi m ton thnh ph 122 ca hng bn rau an ton ngha l trung bnh mt ca hng rau sch phc v rau cho khong 53 nghin , v nh tng ni thnh ph ch p ng c trn 16% nhu cu ca ngi tiu dng l khong 16.000 tn mi nm vi tng nhu cu rau sch trn a bn H Ni l 2.560 Tn ngha l ch p ng 16% (ngun baomoi.com) ,iu cho thy s lng ca hng bn rau sch cn qu it so vi nhu cu ca ngi dn . Nhng iu trn cho thy ngun cung ca rau an ton cho h ni rt thiu , v c bit l ngun cung vi nhng thng hiu m bo i vo lng tin v thi quen tiu dng cho ngi dn cng thiu . -Kh nng chim lnh th trng ca d n Theo thc t th cng c khng t d n lm rau sch c thc thc hin nhng u c khuyt im mu cht nh Khu qung b sn phm n ng o i chng u khng tt trong khi bn c sn phm th yu t qung co l 70% bn cnh cht lng ca bn thn ca sn phm phi m bo nh trong s qung b th mi gi c lng tin ca khch hng vy chim lnh c th trng cn 2 yu t lun song hnh qung b cho sn phm v cht lng sn phm phi m bo thng hiu dn dn i vo lng tin ca ngi tiu dng - Kh nng mua c cng ngh thit b ph hp

Trn th trng hin nay c nhiu ngi pht trin m hnh trng rau thy sinh , trong c trng c chua sch theo cng ngh ny. Vic mua v hc tp cng ngh khng my kh khn.Cc thit b ca cng ngh th sn c trn th trng -Kh nng cung ng cc yu t u vo Yu t u vo cu d n l ging cy c chua , v phn bn. Trn th trng hin nay ngun cung ging cy khng thiu . D n s ly ging t cc ngun nh cng ty xanh, Hoc ca cng ty Trang nng . Phn bn c th ly t nhiu ngun c uy tin v cht lng * Cng sut thit k ca d n Vi din tch trng l 1ha . S dng cng ngh thy sinh khng cn t. V d theo cc d n trng th nghim Cng sut thit k ca d n trng c chua l :250 Tn/ha/nm + Cng sut kh thi khong 80% nng sut thit k l :200 tn /ha/nm + Cng sut thc t ca d n t trn :200 tn/ha/nm

Cng sut d kin kh thi 200 Cng sut nm 1 Cng sut nm 2 Cng sut nm 3 Cng sut nm 4 Cng sut nm 5 Cng sut nm 6 Cng sut nm 7 Cng sut nm 8 Cng sut nm 9 150(75%) 160(80%) 180(90%) 190(95%) 190(95%)

tn/nm tn/nm tn/nm tn/nm tn/nm tn/nm

200(100%) tn/nm 200(100%) tn/nm 200(100%) tn/nm 200(100%) tn/nm

Cng sut nm 10

200(100%) tn/nm

4.La chn cng ngh cho d n.

4.1.Quy trnh cng ngh trng c chua Xy dng c m hnh sn xut c chua theo phng php thy canh Thy canh l k thut trng cy khng dng t m trng trc tip vo dung dch dinh dng hoc cc gi th khng phi t. Cc gi th c th l ct, tru, v x da, than bn, Vermiculite, Perlite... K thut thy canh l mt trong nhng k thut tin b ca ngh lm vn hin i. Chn la mi trng t nhin thch hp cho cy pht trin l s s dng nhng cht thch hp cho s sinh trng v pht trin ca cy trnh c s pht trin ca c di, cn trng v bnh tt ly nhim t t.. * u im ca thy canh - Ngy nay thy canh c vai tr ngy cng cao trong s pht trin ca ngnh nng nghip th gii. Sc p ca dn s, s thay i kh hu, s xi mn t, s phn phi nc khng ng iu v s nhim ngun nc, l yu t nh hng n cc cch thc canh tc khc nhau.

- Thy canh p ng c nhng i hi t vic canh tc ngoi tri ti vic trng trong nh knh, n vic s dng ngun sng trong vic s dng nng lng nguyn t ngm i dng cung cp rau sch cho phi hnh on. y l ngnh khoa hc cao ang c s dng ti nhng nc ang pht trin ca th gii th ba cung cp thc n cho nhng vng t khc nghit, nc ti him hoi. Tm li nhng u im k thut thy canh hin i l: - Khng cn t, ch cn khng gian t hp dng c trng hoc h thng canh tc t ng, do vy c th trin khai nhng vng t cn ci nh hi o, vng ni xa xi, c th trng ngay trong nh, trn sn thng - Khng phi lm t, khng c c di, khng cn ti. -Trng c nhiu v, trng c tri v. -Ch s dng dung dch dinh dng an ton. Khng s dng thuc tr su v cc ha cht c hi khc. - Nng sut cao nhiu ln so vi phng php canh tc thng thng. -Sn phm sch, ti ngon, an ton vi ngi tiu dng. - Khng gy nhim mi trng. - Nu c kinh ph u t lp t h thng t ng hoc bn t ng s gip tit kim c sc lao ng cho con ngi. Nhc im: - Ch trng cc loi cy rau, qu ngn ngy. - Gi thnh sn xut cn cao. -Nm bt v thc hin ng k thut thy canh * Tnh kh thi nc ngoi - Nht Bn l mt trong nhng nc tin phong trong k thut trng rau thu canh. T rt lu h y mnh k thut thy canh sn xut rau sch. An ton thc phm l mt trong nhng vn m ngi Nht rt quan tm, lo ngi v thn trng

i vi nhng ph gia thc phm hay thuc tr su nng nghip. Hn na v din tch t canh tc qu hn hp nn chnh ph Nht rt khuyn khch v tr gip kiu trng ny, rau sch sn xut bng phng php ny gi t hn 30% so vi rau trng mi trng bn ngoi nhng tiu dng vn chp nhn. - Singapore lin doanh Areo green Technology l cng ty u tin chu p dng k thut thy canh trng rau trong dung dch dinh dng, khng cn t v khng phi dng phn ha hc c hi sn xut rau vi quy m ln. - Hng nm Singapore tiu th lng rau tr gi 260 triu USD. V t c gii hn nn hn 90% rau xanh c nhp khu, hin ti nng tri Areo Green Lim Chu Kang tr gi 5 triu USD ang c thu hoch khong 900 kg rau mi ngy. - Trong khi cc vng kh cn nh Vnh rp, Israel, thy canh c s dng rt ph bin trng rau. cc nuc Chu M La Tinh rau sch cng l sn phm chnh ca thy canh. H Lan c hn 3600 cy trng khng cn t, Nam Phi c khong 400 ha. Trong nc: - T nm 1993, GS.L nh Lng khoa Sinh hc HQG H Ni phi hp vi vin nghin cu v pht trin Hng Kng (R&D Hong Kong) tin hnh nghin cu tan din cc kha cnh khoa hc k thut v kinh t x hi cho vic chuyn giao cng ngh v pht trin thy canh ti Vit Nam. - n thng 10 nm 1995 mng li nghin cu v pht trin H Ni, TP.H Ch Minh, Cn o, S khoa hc cng ngh v mi trng mt s tnh thnh. Cng ty Golden Garden & Gino, nhm sinh vin i hc KHTN Thnh Ph H Ch Minh vi phng php thy canh vi loi rau thng dng, ci xanh, ci ngt, x lch Phn vin cng ngh sau thu hoch, Vin Sinh hc nhit i cng nghin cu v sn xut. Ni dung ch yu l: -Thit k v phi hp sn xut cc nguyn liu dng cho thy canh.

- Nghin cu trng cc lai cy khc nhau, cy truyn t nui cy m vo h thy canh trc khi a vo t mt s cy n qu kh trng trc tip vo t. - Trin khai thy canh quy m gia nh, thnh th v nng thn. - Kt hp thy canh vi d n rau sch ca thnh ph. Sn xut rau sch trn qui m i tr mc u t thp, gi thnh h c rau sch cho hng triu ngi tiu dng thuc mi tng lp trong x hi. S c ngha rt ln v dch chuyn kinh t x hi v mi trng 4.2. c im k thut trng c chua theo phng php thy canh. 4.2.1. Chn ging Ging c chua chn trng trong nh li theo phng php thy canh nn chn ging c thi gian sinh trng v hn, thi gian t trng n thu hoch l 6 8 thng. Nn chn ging c kch thc tri ph hp vi th hiu ngi tiu dng: tri trn hoc trn di (ging c chua hng), trng lng khong 80 100 g/tri, mu bng p. 4.2.2 . Chun b nh li - Nh li c qut dn sch nn, x l vi bt kh trng, qut gi thng thong kh. ng ng dn nc ti v phn bn cng c lm sch, cc vi phun c kim tra, khng b ngt. - Dng thm 4kg Clorin pha vi 200 lt nc phun khp trong nh trng, st khun trc khi trng 03 - 05 ngy. - xung quanh bn ngoi nh li: Phun Aldrin tr kin v cn trng. 4.2.3 Chun b gieo trng - C chua trng trong nh li c th trng quanh nm, thng th 1 nm c th trng c 2 v (01 v trng 06 thng). - Trng c chua theo thi v thng thng: + V H Thu: Gieo thng 7, thng 8, trng thng 8, thng 9, thu hoch vo cui thng 10 v 12. + V Thu ng: Gieo t gia thng 9 sang cui thng 10, trng thng 11 thu hoch vo thng 2, thng 3. + V ng Xun: Gieo thng 11, trng thng 12 v thu hoch thng 3, thng 4. + My nm gn y, do yu cu ca th trng nhiu ni cn gieo thm c chua v Xun - H, gieo ht tt nht t thng tun thng 1 n trung tun thng 2 cy con c trng chm nht vo qung 15 thng 3, cho thu hoch vo thng 5 - 6. 4.2.4. Chun b ht ging vn m

- Ngm ht ging: ht ging c ngm trong nc m (3 si 2 lnh) trong 2 gi, sau vt ra v li trong khn vi c vt ro nc trong vng 2 ngy. Lng ging trng cho 2.000 m2 l 15 20g (khong 7.000 ht, c ny mm trn 80%). - Ht c chua c gieo trong v m (7 l x 12 l), mi ngn ch b 1 ht su t 0,2 -0,5 cm. Gi th m ht ging c s dng l x da mn c lm sch - Trong thi gian ny ch dng nc l c pH = 6 ti. - Khi t l cy c 2 l tht khong 80% s lng th bt u ti phn bn vi EC =1,5 v pH = 6 bng cch phun sng. - Khi cy con c 1 tun tui th phun thuc Ridomin gol ngn nga mt s bnh.. 4.2.5 Chun b gi th: - X da c x l tit trng, sch su bnh, kh cht, trn chung mt t vi bt. - Dng 5kg Clorin pha 1000 lt nc ti u vo gi th s trng. Ngy hm sau dng 5m3 nc l ti u vo gi th trng. - Mi ngy sau li dng 10m3 nc l ti u vo gi th mc ch gip cho gi th gi c m trc khi chuyn cy con t khay m vo bu gi th trng. 4.2.6.Trng cy. - Trng cy vo bu gi th: khong 15 16 ngy sau khi gieo m ht c chua, lc ny cy con c khong 4 5 l tht (cao 10 15cm), chn cy mp, khe, lng ngn tin hnh chuyn cy m vo gi th trng. Vic chuyn cy m vo bu gi th trng phi lm trit trong vng 1 2 ngy bo m cy con khe, t l sng ca cy cao, cy ng u v kch thc. - Trc khi trng 1 ngy phun thuc Ridomin gol v thuc tr su ngn nga cn trng bm vo khi di chuyn t vn m sang ni trng. - Khong cch trng: 1 bu gi th trng 2 cy. Cc bu gi th c t trn 1 mng tn di 45m, rng 45cm, khong cch 2 bu trn mng l 45cm, khong cch 2 mng 2 mng l 1,2m (xem s ).Mng tn va c tc dng hn ch gi th ri ra mt sn, va c tc dng gi li lng nc v phn bn tha chy ra khi ti gip tit kim c mt lng nc v phn bn tha t 10 20%. Khi trng l mm trn mt x da khong 1cm. Ghim que ti cch gc 2 cm ngay sau khi trng. - Mt trng: 6.000 cy/ 2000m2 sn nh li. - Trng dm li cy cht sau khi trng 7-10 ngy rung c ng u.

S : Khong cch trng c chua trong nh li theo phng php thy canh ti Bnh Dng 4.2.7. Chm sc. - Sau khi trng xong tin hnh qut dn v sinh trong nh li v khi trng s c mt s gi th b ri ra mt nn. - Ngay sau khi trng bt u ti nc c pha phn bn v ti theo lp trnh. + Ti nc - Khi cy cn nh s ln ti trong ngy khong 8 ln v khng ti vo lc nng nng v lc y nc ng li trong ng ng rt nng. Nc ti lc ny c EC = 1 v pH = 6. - Lng nc ti ty theo sinh trng ca cy, nn ti nc nhiu vo hai thi k: Lc ra qu r (trn 50% s cy c qu) v lc pht trin mnh. Ch khng b l c chua b ho r trong bt k giai on no. i vi d n ny, phn bn v nc ti c lp trnh sn kt hp ti nc v bn phn chung vi nhau. - Dinh dng l mt trong nhng yu t c bit quan trng i vi cy trng, c bit trng cy bng phng php thu canh th vic th nghim chn ra mt hn hp cc cht dinh dng cy sinh trng, pht trin tt, nng sut ti u, chng chu su bnh l iu ht sc quan trng. - Qua qu trnh thc nghim phi trn nhiu loi phn bn v nng phn khc nhau, tc gi a ra mt quy trnh phi trn ti u nh sau: - D n dng hon ton l phn ha hc nn mt s phn khng th ha chung nng cao v s gy ra phn ng kt ta nn phi dng t nht 3 thng ha tan m c phn bn. Cch phi trn phn bn: Nu dng 3 thng phn th c 3 b trn: Phn v liu lng trn trong 3 thng A, B v C nh sau: - Thng A: cc cht c pha trong 300 lt nc v khuy tan u. Thng A - Calcium Nitrate : 18 kg

- Potasium Nitrate : 2,8 kg - KH2PO4 : 2,6 kg - Thng B: cc cht c pha trong 300 lt nc v khuy tan u. Thng B - K2SO4 : 8 kg - MgSO4 : 6,8 kg - FeSO4 : 400gr - H3BO3 : 80gr - MnSO4 : 60gr - ZnSO4 : 25gr - CuSO4 : 10 gr - Molypden : 2 gr - Thng C: v ngun nc ti c pH thp (khong 4,2) nn phi dng NaOH hoc KOH nng pH ln 6. Theo kinh nghim ti ni thc hin d n 40.000 lt nc s c ha vi khong 1,5 kg KOH hoc NaOH nng pH t khong 4,2 ln 6. Thng C NaOH hoc KOH - Cc cht c pha vo 600 lt nc to thnh dung dch phn bn m c, sau dung dch phn bn m c ny s c pha vi 40.000 lt nc ti cho c chua, trong vng 7 ngy cho 2000 m2sn. Cch bn - Trong tun l u khi trng mi ngy ti ln 1 gc cy khong 200 ml vi EC =1 v pH = 6. Ti lm 10 ln trong ngy. - Tun th 2- 4 ti tng dn n 800 ml/gc v s ln ti tng ln khong 16 ln. - Tun th 5 v sau tng lng calcium nitrat t 18 kg ln 25 kg. V EC = 1,5 ; pH = 6, lng nc ti trong 1 ngy khong t 1,5 lt /gc n 2 lt/gc ty theo lng nh sng v nhit v s ln ti trong 1 ngy khong 20 ln. * Ch : giai on t khi mi trng n 15 ngy sau khi trng cy thng biu hin thiu st cn b sung st bng cch phun trn l chelat st. + Vun ta: Sau khi trng 20 ngy cy cao khong 50 cm bt u ng nn lc ny phi tin hnh cm cc (cc di 1,20 cm) v qun dy on cch mt t 30 - 35 cm. Trong thi gian ny cy pht trin rt nhanh, mi ngy cy cao thm khong 3cm, nn vic qun dy phi thng xuyn trnh ng, ng thi hng ngy ta ht nhnh bn, ch hai thn chnh. Ta b c nhng l gi v nhng l ht kh nng quang hp. Khi ta khng lm bm dp vt ct v ta khi nh li kh ro. + Rung bng, th phn(khong 45 ngy sau trng): khi cy bt u ra bng, v trong iu kin nh li khng c nhiu gi nh ngoi t nhin, ng rung nn vic rung bng th phn cho c chua l rt quan trng v cng vic ny c thc hin lin tc t thi im khi c bt u ra bng mi ngy v mi sng t 8h30 n 10h30 cho n khi thu hi ht gip cho bng th phn tt hn.

+ Kim sot tnh hnh su hi: * Su hi: - C chua thng gp cc su hi nh su xanh, su khoang n l, n ci qu, su hng c qu v rp. Tuy nhin, m hnh trng c chua ca d n cho thy ch xut hin con su khoang n l vo thi gian u mi trng c chua trong nh li, do cha c kinh nghim x l gi th, che chn k. - Kim sot tnh hnh su hi: bng cch phun thuc tr su sinh hc Catex 1,8EC & 3,6EC y l loi thuc tr su tin tin th h mi, khng s dng ha cht. Vi hot cht Abamectin 1.8%, 3.6%, Catex 1.8EC & 3.6EC c tc dng dit tr cc loi su ming nhai v nhn khng thuc, nn ngoi tr dit c con su khoang cn c th phng tr mt s loi su ry khc. - Theo khuyn co th loi thuc Catex 1.8, 3.6EC an ton cho cy trng, khng li d lng trong nng sn, rt t nh hng n thin ch, thch hp s dng cho vng rau an ton. - Ngoi dng thuc sinh hc th phng php x l gi th k trc khi trng v lm ca ra vo hai lp cng hn ch rt ln loi su hi ny. * Bnh hi: - Bnh hi hay gp l bnh mc sng (sng mai) v bnh xon l. i vi cc loi bnh ny th chng ti khng dng bin php ha hc no x l iu tr, ch phng nga bnh giai on u khi cy cn nh (t cy con n ra hoa) bng ch phm Exin, cy c chua khi bt u ra hoa v sau nh cung cp dinh dng y v cn i nn sc khng cao, bnh hi nh hng n nng sut c chua khng ng k. 4.2.8.Thu hoch. - Khong 70 ngy sau trng khi tri c chua to, y sc, v qu cng v bng lng, chuyn t mu xanh sang trng xanh, cnh qu c nhng vng nu l lc ht pht dc y , c th thu hoch vn chuyn i xa c an ton, cn nu khng th qu chn mt na ri thu hoch, thu hoch mi ngy. Khi thu hoch dng ko ct nh cung qu khng lm gy nm qu v khi lm nh hng n chm qu. - Khi tin hnh thu hi ng thi h dy t t cy khng b gy, vic h dy vi mc ch chnh l ngn vic chm sc, thu hoch.

4.3.Danh mc trang thit b : Tn thit b u t My mc thit b ch yu My bm nc. My phun thuc tr su Kha nc Vi phun t ng Bng in 25W Dy in Quang gnh Thng n gnh Cn in t Cn 5kg Cn 100kg Dy thp Xe ti Ga th x da Thng ng Ci Ci Kg Ci Bu 3 2 25 1 15,00 0 100,000 500,000 n v S lng

STT A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 10 11 12 13

n gi

Thnh tin

Ci Ci Ci Ci Ci M i Ci Ci

30 2 120 20 600 300 10 20 10

1,500,000 200,000 10,000 20,000 3,500 2,000 30,000 20,000 10,000

45,000,000 400,000 1,200,000 400,000 2,100,000 600,000 300,000 400,000 100,000 300,000 1,000,000

20,000 500,000 12 0,000,000 120,000,000 7,000 105,000,000

14 14 14 15 16 17 18 B 1 2 3 4

phn bn Thng 3L Thng 22l V m o ging nc My n ng ng dn nc Thit b vn phng My tnh My in in thoi Qut treo tng TNG CNG Ci Ci Ci ci ci m 2 3 360 4 1 1,000 82,000 520,000 5,000

164,000 1,560,000 1,800,000

1,500,000 6,000,000 4 0,000,000 40,000,000 20,000 20,000,000 -

B Ci Ci Ci

7 1 5 5

6,000,000 2,000,000 520,000 175,000

42,000,000 2,000,000 2,600,000 875,000 394,299,000

5.Nguyn vt liu u vo. C chua cc ging ngoi nhp: Appolo, Grandeur, Tropic boy, Avanti, Summer. Cc ging ti Vit Nam: T26 v T30 ca cng ty Xanh (Greenn Co); TN 148, TN 270, TN 480, TN 386 ca Trang nng.

ST T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Tn nguyn vt liu n v Ht ging c chua g Cacium Nitrate Postasium Nitrate KH2PO4 Ca(O Cl)2 K2SO4 MgSO4 FeSO4 H3BO3 MnSO4 ZnSO4 CuSO4 Molypden KOH Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg

S ln g 100 90 14 13 25 40 34 2 0.4 0.3 0.12 5 0.05 0.01 7.5

n gi 2400 0 1000 0 1500 0 3100 0 1900 0

TNG CNG

Tr gi 24000 00 90000 0 21000 0 40300 0 47500 0 28000 7000 0 3700 12580 0 00 5000 10000 4000 0 16000 5000 0 15000 3500 0 4375 1200 0 600 2500 0 250 7000 52500 60247 25

6.C s h tng

6.1.Nng lng: Kh nng cung cp in n nh c h thng cao p ca khu vc D n s dng khong 6000kw/h in 1thng vi gi trung bnh 1000 VND mt s khong 6000 000 VND/thng D n s dng my n vi chi ph mua v lp t l 40 triu VND tiu hao xng 2 lt/ h . C d n s tiu th khong 7000lit xng n gi 20000VN tng ng khong 140 000 0000 ng. 6.2.Nc. -D n o 4 ging nc s dng - Mua 30 my bm dn nc vo ti cho cy - Do l h thng theo phng php hi lu nh git nn s khng c nc tha v rt tit kim nc 6.3.H thng ng giao thng. -H thng ng giao thng: ng nha, b tng n vng d n, thun li cho cc phng tin giao thng trn ng - C nhiu tuyn ng giao thng xy dng ni lin vi khu ni thnh H Ni v cc khu th xung quanh 6.4.Nhu cu vn ti - D n s cn mua mt xe ti ben 650 kg tr c chua i n cc ni tiu th trn a bn H ni v cc khu th ln cn - Gi xe ti l 120 triu VND lng tiu hao xng du , tiu hao 15 lt trong 100 km

7.a im thc hin d n -D n trng c chua s c thc hin a bn x Vn c, huyn Gia Lm Vi din tch l 10200m2 - D n c dt ti a im ny Cn c vo yu t sau

+Huyn Gia Lm c nhng c ch,chnh sch c th nhm to iu kin thun li nht cho cc nh u t nht l u tu cho trng rau an ton,trong khun kh php lut nhm khai thc cc tim nng th mnh ring ca huyn trn tinh thn 2 bn cng c li c th +Gim gi thu ti a ty theo a im v tnh cht ca d n,h tr ch u t trong vic gii phng mt bng,san lp mt bng. +Thc hin nghim tc chnh sch mt ca gii quyt th tc nhanh nht cho cc nh u t :thm nh d n, trin khai d n, cp t cho thu, cp giy php, tuyn lao ngm bo an ton ti sn v ngi cho cc nh u t. D n sn xut rau sch c trin khai ti x Vn c, huyn Gia Lm, H Ni bn cnh nhng li th v iu kin t nhin ,chnh tr v kinh t x hi y l a im ht sc thun li v giao thng, ngun nhn lc v c bit Gia Lm c trng i hc Nng Nghip I l ni m d n c th tip nhn v hc hi cc tin b khoa hc k thut v sn xut rau sch cng nh cch ch bin, bo qun rau tt nht . - Hin trng s dng t : Khu t hin ti dng cha thc s hiu qu v mt kinh t. N c mt cng ti xy dng thu cha vt liu xy dng xy mt cng trnh gn v hin xy xong ng thi ,thi gian hiu lc ca hp ng thu t ht hn . khu t khng c nh dn v cng nh cng trnh sn xut hay cng trnh cng cng khc. vy nn d n s khng tn km tin n b gii phng mt bng.

8.Gii php xy dng cng trnh.

8.1 Phng n b tr tng mt bng Da vo tnh hnh ca d n,b tr d n nh sau: Nh iu hnh c b tr lm vic cho gim c, nhn vin v l ni giao dch vi khch hng. Khu sn xut gm h thng nh li, nh s ch c chua, kho cha vt t v thuc BVTT, nh bo qun Tt c u c b tr sp xp ph hp vi tnh cht cng vic v yu cu ca tng hng mc.

8.2.Phng n kin trc xy dng d n 8.2.1.Nhim v thit k xy dng Nhim v xy dng phi ng quy trnh ,quy phm,tun th ng cc bc trong xy dng cng nh phi ph hp vi d n trng c chua sch theo phng php thy canh. 8.2.2.S thit k 8.2.2.1 S thit k h thng pha trn dng cht.

8.2.2.2.S thit k h thng nh li.

S thit k nh li thy canh c chua

S mt bng nh li

S tng th nh li thy canh c chua

8.2.3.Cc hng mc cng trnh Bng:Danh mc cc hng mc cng trnh n v:ng Tng n TT Hng mc ca d n v 1 Gii phng mt bng m2 khi lng 10 000 n gi(/m2) 5 000 Thnh tin 50 000 000

2 3 4 6 7

Nh s ch rau Kho cha vt t, thuc BVTT Nh v sinh Nh iu hnh Nh bo qun rau

m2 m2 m2 m2 m2

100 50 5 35 30

1 500 000 1 000 000 800 000 2 000 000 2 000 000

150 000 000 50 000 000 4 000 000 70 000 000 60 000 000 384 000 000

Tng cng

Bng:Cng trnh phc v d n n v: ng TT Tn cng trnh n v S lng n gi tnh 1. 2 3 4 Tng Ging khoan B lc nc ci ci 4 4 300 10 000 1 500 000 6 500 000 2 000 136 000 6 000 000 26 000 000 600 000 1 360 000 000 1 392 600 000 Thnh tin

ng in ni b m H thng nh li M2

8.3.Gii php kt cu xy dng *Nh iu hnh: Do tnh cht ca d n nn cng ty chng ti ch xy dng mt phng iu hnh c din tch: 35m2. c xy dng khung b tng ct thp, gch m bo vng

chc. Mi lp tn ,trn nha chng nng, nn lt gch lin doanh ca lm bng g cng tnh ph khp kn. y l ni lm vic ca gim c, nhn vin vn phng, k ton. *Nh s ch: Nh s ch c din tch 100 m2 khung b tng, mi lp tn chng nng, c iu ha. ng thi c trang b y h thng chiu sng, m bo iu kin lm vic cho cng nhn *Kho cha vt t,thuc BVTT: c din tch 50m2 xy bng gch,mi lp tn,nh sng m va phi m bo cho vic bo qun.Kho c xy dng xa ngun nc v khu vc s ch rau. *Nh v sinh : C din tch 5m2.Xy dng bng gch ,tng lt gch men trng m bo v sinh v d lau chi,h thng nc thi c xy dng ng quy cch. *ng in ni b D n s dng trc tip in sinh hot ca a phng,b tr m bo an ton thun tin. *Nh bo qun rau Din tch l 30m2 c h thng lm lnh bo qun.

9.nh gi s b tc ng n mi trng 9.1 Cc tc ng n mi trng _ Trong qu trnh xy dng

c th ny sinh mt s nhn t gy nh hng tiu cc ti mi trng xung quanh. C th l: + Ting n: pht sinh ch yu do hot ng ca cc loi my mc, thit b thi cng c gii v cc phng tin vn ti. + Bi, t, v mt s cc cht rn khc: c th pht sinh trong qu trnh san lp mt bng, chuyn ch vt liu v trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng. + Kh thi c hi: SO2 , NO2 , CO, CO2 ... c thi ra trong qu trnh hot ng ca cc phng tin vn ti, thi cng c gii. _ Trong qu trnh hot ng: + + Nc nc thy sinh c th ra mi trng nu thng cha khng tt Rc thi do ph phm ca nng nghip

9.2.Gii php khc phc - Trong qu trnh xy dng +Xe ch vt liu, t phi c bt kn khi chuyn ch. ng vn chuyn vo khu xy dng phi c thng xuyn ti nc trnh gy bi ti cc khu vc xung quanh. +T chc khu cho cn b, cng nhn thi cng cng trnh mt cch hp l, v sinh va nhm m bo sc kho va khng nh hng xu ti mi trng. - Trong qu trnh snh xut + Mua thng cha chc chn m bo hiu qu + Rc thi c nhn cng ca d n thu gm mi ngy v a ti ni tp trung

rc ca a phng. 10.Lch trnh thc hin d n. S dng phng php s GANT

Chng 4.T chc v qun l nhn s 1.T chc qun l d n trong giai on thc hin u t + D n t chc qun l d n cn c vo + Lng vn u t: 4,37 t VN trn quy m 1 ha + Thi gian tin thc hin d n 10 nm + Cng ngh s dng: thy canh bng dung dch hu c + Cn c vo ngun lc ca ch u t D n c t chc qun l theo m hnh; ch u t trc tip qun l d n. y l m hnh ph hp, n gin tit kim chi ph mang li hiu qu.
Ch u t ch d n

Chuyn gia qun l d n

T chc thc hin

B phn ti chnh

Thit k k thut

B phn thi cng

B phn mua sm my mc thit b

B phn o to

+ Ch u t : trc tip qun l d n, c 1 ngi l trng ban qun l d n. Chuyn gia qun l d n 2 ngi c th thu ngoi, thc hin vic t vn 1 ngi + B phn ti chnh: M v theo di ti khon cho d n, m bo huy ng vn ng tin cho d n, lp d on phn b, gim st vic s dng cc chi ph Chu trch nhim cc hot ng lin quan ti k ton, thng k v qun l hot ng ti chnh ca d n.

 Chu trch nhim thc hin cc cng vic hnh chnh, quan h vi cc c quan c thm quyn a phng.

+ B phn thit k k thut Thit k nh li trng c chua, thit k vn phng cho cc k thut vin lm vic thit k nh s ch , nh kho gi hoa qu B tr v lp t cc thit b my mc ca d n 1 cch hp l. C th l my mc thit b v cc thit b vn phng

+ B phn t chc thi cng Ch u t la chn n v thi cng. Cn c vo thit k, k hoch thc hin d n, t chc gim st vic thi cng cng trnh m bo tin , cht lng v chi ph hp l + B phn ma sm my mc thit b a cc phng n k hoch ma sm my mc thit b cho d n. La chn my mc, thit b hin i, ng b chi ph hp l, m bo tin , cc iu kin thanh ton v cc tiu chun kh. La chn nh cung cp + B phn o to v tuyn chn nhn vin : Xy dng k hoch nhn s, k hoch v trng trnh o to v: qun l, iu hnh, hnh chnh, nhn d, k thut bo tr, bo dng Vic tuyn dng nhn s ca d n c trc tip thc hin thng qua Gim c. Khi d n bt u xy dng cng ty s tuyn chn lao ng ti a phng v cc trng cng nhn k thut theo c cu bng c cu nhn vin. Phng thc la chn da trn nguyn tc t nguyn, cng vi s la chn cho ph hp vi trnh v tay ngh ca tng ngi, c hp ng lao ng, lng v cc quyn li khc tr trc tip cho ngi lao ng, tn trng cc iu khon trong hp ng k kt v

vic tuyn dng v cho thi vic. u tin tuyn dng cng nhn lao ng l ngi ti a phng. Cng nhn mi c tuyn dng vo cng ty u phi tham gia cc kha hun luyn v: Chp hnh cc ni quy cng ty. Ni quy bo v mi trng K thut v quy trnh sn xut. B mt cng ngh v thng tin. Ty theo nhim v ti tng b phn m tng nhm ngi phi hc thm cc chu trnh cng ngh v cng vic c giao, hoc c gi i o to thm v trnh chuyn mn ngh nghip ti cc c s trong nc. C th l:
K ton, th qu: tt nghip Cao ng trn ln, u tin ngi s dng

thnh tho my vi tnh.

Nhn vin kinh doanh: tt nghip H . K s: Tt nghip H Nng Nghip, u tin ngi c kinh

nghim. 2. T chc qun l d n trong giai on vn hnh khai thc 2.1.S thc hin cu trc d n

Ban Gim c

Phng Ti Chnh K Ton

Phng Kinh Doanh

Phng Sn Xut

2.2. Chc nng v nhim v ca mi b phn: + Ban gim c s c trch nhim qun l v iu hnh cc hot ng kinh doanh hng ngy ca d n. Ban gim c d n s bao gm: mt gim c d n, mt k ton v mt th qu. Gim c d n: trch nhim qun l v iu hnh cc hot ng kinh doanh. K ton, th qu: Ln s sch chng t, ngn sch ca cng ty. Ban gim c d n: S c trch nhim i vi cc vn sau y di s

ch o y quyn v gim st ton b ca ch u t: m bo rng d n v cc nhn vn ca d n tun th tt c cc lut v quy nh c lin quan ca chnh quyn a phng cng nh ca nh nc. m bo rng hot ng hng ngy ca d n dc thc hin ph hp vi ch th, k hoch ngn sch, trnh t chnh sch v ngh quyt do ch u t ra. Bo co kt qu kinh doanh ca d n cho ch u t

+ Phng ti chnh k ton: Qun l iu hnh cng tc kinh t ti chnh v hch ton k ton, xc tin huy ng ti chnh v qun l cng tc u t ti chnh, thc hin v theo di cng tc tin lng, tin thng v cc khon thu nhp, chi tr theo ch , chnh sch i vi ngi lao ng trong cng ty, thanh quyt ton cc chi ph hot ng, chi ph phc v sn xut kinh doanh v chi ph u t d n theo quy nh. K ton:c 1 k ton trng ph trch chung ,1 k ton lm v mng chi ph sn xut d n,1 k ton lm v mng tiu th sn phm ca d n v 1 k ton v cng tc lng thng i vi tng b phn, tng c nhn. + Phng kinh doanh : Thc hin nhng giao dch vi khch hng, marketing, bo tr bo dng cc c s vt cht, cc hot ng vn phng, bo v an ton ti sn. Chu trch nhim c lin quan ti cung ng vt t, hng ha, vt phm s dng v tiu th trong khu d n. + Phng sn xut : Chu trch nhim trong qu trnh trng v sn xut v chm sc c chua t giai on chn ging, trng, chm sc cho n khi thu hoch. C cu v chi ph nhn s ca d n ST Lao ng T 1 Gim c 2 K ton 3 Th qu 4 Nhn vin kinh doanh 5 Bo v 6 Cn b k thut trng cy 7 Li xe 8 Cng nhn chm sc cy Tng cng Ngun lao ng

S lng 1 ngi 1 ngi 1 ngi 5 ngi 2 ngi 5 ngi 1 ngi 20 ngi 36 ngi

 i vi cc v tr quan trng, i hi trnh nh Gim c, Ph gim c c tuyn chn t cc cng ty thuc ch u t, lao ng a phng c trnh , hoc lao ng c trnh ti cc vng ln cn. i vi cc lao ng khc, tuyn dng t lao ng a phng. Bn cnh d n s tuyn mt s lao ng l sinh vin xut sc hoc gii ti cc trng i hc xy dng, kinh t quc dn. o to v chi ph tuyn dng o to S trin khai o to cho ngi lao ng ngay khi d n i vo hot ng v o to thm ty vo s pht trin v m rng ca d n. o to chung cho ton b lao ng Ni dung: ni quy, k lut, an ton lao ng, phng chng chy n Chi ph o to d kin l 150 triu ng o to chuyn mn: + Chi ph =2% tng qu lng. + Ni dung o to: Qun l iu hnh chung Qun l iu hnh khu my mc thit b, iu hnh nhn cng, .. K thut vn hnh, bo dng sa cha my mc thit b Tip th, qung co Kin thc v mi trng sinh thi + Chi ph o to bao gm: Thu ngi ging dy Thc tp Tr gip ca chuyn gia, t vn: T vn trong cc lnh vc: mi trng,m ging, k thut trng cy, pha trn dung dch, chm sc cy, bo qun. thit k, thi cng, xy lp, vn hnh thit b trong giai on u. hun luyn nhn vin D kin tng chi ph o to v chuyn gia ban u l 156960000 ng. Nhng nm sau, khi d n i vo hot ng, chi ph o to hng nm bng 2% chi ph nhn cng

Chng 5. Phn tch ti chnh d n u t

Nhng phn tch trong phn ny c rt ra t kt qu tnh ton. Vic tnh ton phn tch ti chnh c thc hin cn c vo s liu trong tt c cc bng v nhng s liu c bn sau: Thu thu nhp doanh nghip: 20% do hng u i i vi doanh nghip sn xut nng nghip. Khu hao thit b: 5 nm Khu hao nh xng: 10 nm Khu hao chi ph s dng t v c s h tng: 10 nm Li vay u t: 14,5%/nm i vi u t trong nng nghip. Li sut tin gi:18%/nm Li sut vay vn lu ng: 14,5% Chi ph qun l iu hnh: 4%/ tng doanh thu Chi ph tip th qun co: 2%/ tng doanh thu T l ph phm:10% Ga bn sn phm c chua/1 gi:10 500VN( Cha tnh thu GTGT) Ga bn ph phm:20% 1.D tnh tng mc vn u t v ngun vn huy ng ca d n 1.1.D tnh tng mc vn u t. Bng 1. D tnh tng mc vn u t

STT A I 1 2 II III 1 2 IV 1 2 3 4 5 B C

Hng mc cng trnh Vn c nh Chi ph ban u v t Gii phng mt bng Tin thu t Vn thit b Chi ph xy lp Chi ph hng mc cng trnh Chi ph cng trnh phc v d n Chi ph chun b Chi ph qun l iu hnh Chi ph tip th qung co Chi ph nhn cng Chi ph nguyn vt liu Chi ph vn hnh d n Vn lu ng Vn d phng Tng mc vn u t

Thnh tin 50000000 765000 0 394,299,000 334000000 1392600000 154000000 175000000 750000000 6024725 256740000 700000000 150000000 4370313725

1.2.D tnh ngun vn huy ng ca d n. -Ch u t v cc c ng: 3370313725 VN -Vay ngn hng h tr sn xut trong nng nghip : 1 t VN 1.3. Lp bo co ti chnh v xc nh dng tin ca d n 1.3.1. Lp bo co ti chnh a. D tnh doanh thu hng nm. Doanh thu c tnh da trn c s: -Thu nhp v chi tiu ca cc i tng khch hng -Nhu cu th trng, v s liu thng k nghin cu th trng, gi c -Cng sut tiu th sn phm c chua ca d n. Bng 2. D tnh doanh thu hng nm

b.D tnh chi ph hng nm Chi ph hng nm c tng hp t cc khon chi ph sau: -Chi ph nguyn vt liu. -Chi ph h thng c s h tng. -Chi ph nhn cng. -Chi ph qung co. -Tin thu t. -Chi ph khu hao. -Chi ph tr li vay vn u t: Da vo bng 3.2 -Chi ph khc . -D phng. Bng 3.1. Khu hao ti sn c nh. Bng 3.2.K hoch tr n (tr n gc u trong 10 nm). Bng 3.3. Chi ph tin lng cho cng nhn Bng 3.4.Chi ph nhn cng hng nm Tng hp chi ph hng nm c tnh theo bng 3 Bng 3. Tng hp chi ph hng nm.

c.D tnh li nhun thun sau thu hng nm. Li nhun thun sau thu ca d n c xc nh theo : Bng 4: Bng d tr li l 1.3.2. Xc nh dng tin ca d n Dng tin ca d n c xc nh theo bng 5. Bng 5 :Xc nh dng tin ca d n. 1.4.Xc nh t sut ca d n T sut ca d n c xc nh da vo: -Chi ph c hi vn t c c xc nh bng li sut gi tit kim l 18%/nm

-Li vay u i tn dng l 14,5%/nm -T sut ca d n l: 17,2%/nm (xc nh theo phng php bnh qun gia quyn) 1.5. Cc ch tiu c bn phn nh hiu qu ti chnh ca d n -Ga tr hin ti ca thu nhp thun (NPV): 1001.421 triu VN >0 -T sut hon vn ni b (IRR) l : 19,15%> 17,2%/nm -Thi gian thu hi vn u t ban u ca d n (T): 5 nm 6,92 thng. Cc ch tiu trn c tnh ton vi s dng phn mm Excel 1.6.nh gi v an ton v mt ti chnh ca d n a.An ton v vn u t. - H s vn t c/ Vn i vay=3370313725/1000000000=3,37 >1 -T trng vn t c/Tng mc u t = 3370313725/4370313725 =77% > 50% Nh vy ngun vn u t ca d n c m bo bng tim lc ti chnh ca ch u t. b.An ton v kh nng tr n. Hng nm ngun tr n ca d n c ly t 20% li nhun thun, khu hao v li vay tr n.Ngun tr n hng nm ca d n u ln hn n gc v li phi tr hng nm t 3-4 ln.iu ny chng t d n c kh nng tr n. -Da vo bng 3.2: K hoch tr n ca d n ( u trong 10 nm) c.An ton cho cc ch tiu hiu qu Trong trng hp ri ro c kh nng xy ra i vi d n: li sut vay tng, cung cu th trng ca cc yu t u vo v u ra bin ng khng c li d n Da vo vic phn tch ri ro thng xy ra i vi cc d n tng t v d bo nh hng ca chng trong tng lai cho thy: -Doanh thu ca d n c th gim xung 5%. -Chi ph d n c th tng 5% -Li sut vay tn dng tng lm t sut ca d n tng ln 18,2%/nm Trong trng hp ri ro ny, cc ch tiu hiu qu ca d n ch t c nh sau: -Ga tr hin ti ca thu nhp thun(NPV): 612,578 triu ng. -T sut hon vn ni b (IRR) :18.78% -Thi gian thu hi vn ni b(T) : 7 nm 2,7 thng

Nh vy trong trng hp c ri ro cc ch tiu trn vn tha mn tiu chun hiu qu Kt lun d n c an ton cao v mt ti chnh.

Chng 6: Phn tch kha cnh kinh t x hi ca d n D n ngoi tnh kh thi v mt ti chnh cn mang li nhiu hiu qu kinh t x hi : 1.p ng c nhu cu v c chua ca ngi dn H Ni v cc th xung quanh.Gp phn phc hi, ti sn xut sc lao ng ca ngi dn. 2.Gp phn to vic lm cho ngi dn a phng.S lao ng c vic lm trc tip t d n l 36 lao ng vi mc lng trung bnh l 2416000VN. Ch tiu s lao ng c vic lm trc tip trn mt n v vn u t l 36/4370313725=8,24.Tc l mi mt t ng ca d n to ra vic lm trc tip cho 8,24 ngi. 3.Hng nm d n ng gp vo ngn sch a phng thng qua thu thu nhp doanh nghip l:247 935 000 VN. Tin thu t mi nm l 7 650 000 VN. 4.To iu kin cho ngi dn tip xc vi cng ngh trng rau bng phng php thy canh mi, em li hiu qu kinh t cao. 5.Ph hp vi quy hoch pht trin kinh t x hi, quy hoch khng gian ca tnh, thnh ph .p ng mc tiu chin lc ca thnh ph v cung cp rau an ton cho tt c ngi dn ti H Ni v cc a bn ln cn.