BI TP TON KINH

T
CHNG I: QUY HOCH TUYN
TNH
I.
Lp m hnh ton hc cho cc bi ton d i y
1.Mt x nghip c 4 my A, B,C, D dng sn xut ra 6 loi sn phm nh mc
thi gian cho mi sn phm i vi tng my, qu thi gian ca tng my c cho trong
bng sau:
SP
nh mc thi gian cho sn phm ( gi)
MY
SP1
SP2
SP3
SP4
SP5
SP6
A: 132
1
2
1
3
1
0
B: 120
2
1
1
2
3
2
C: 100
1
2
0
2
1
3
D: 144
2
2
2
1
4
2
Gi 1 SP 40
30
35
75
65
60
(1000 )
Hy lp phng n sn xut sao cho tng thu nhp l ln nht (Max) m vn m bo an
ton cho my.
2. Mt phn xng c nhim v sn xut ra 3 loi sn phm cn s dng 2 loi
nguyn liu A v B. Hao ph nguyn liu, d tr nguyn liu cho trong bng di y.
Hy lp k hoch sao cho tng chi ph nh nht vi iu kin khng c s dng qu s
nguyn liu, tng s sn phm c 3 loi khng t hn 350 s sn phm 1, khng t hn
25% tng s sn phm.
Nguyn liu
Sn phm
D tnh nguyn liu
(kg)
I
II
III
A
2
1
3
1500
B
1
2
2
650
Chi ph/ SP
8
5
10
(1000)
3. Hai a phng Ninh Bnh v Hng Yn cung cp Khoai vi khi lng 200 tn
v 300 tn cho 3 a phng tiu th Khoai l Hi Phng, Ngh An v Nam nh vi yu
cu tng ng l 170 tn, 200 tn v 130tn cc ph (nghn/ tn) cho trong bng di
y. Hy lp k hoch sao cho tng chi ph nh nht.
Ni tiu th
Hi Phng
Ng An
Nam nh
Ninh Bnh
20
12
25
Hng Yn
12
24
14

B mn Ton - Bi tp Ton Kinh T

Dng cho SV cc lp tn ch!

4. Ba khu t ngi ta d tnh trng 3 lo cy lng thc: Ng, khoai v sn. Nng
sut v chi ph trn 1ha vi mi loi cy tng khu t v nng sut (t) chi ph
1000/ha.
Din tch(ha)
Ng
Khoai
Sn
KI:30
150
80
80
KII:50
120
75
90
KIII:27
140
70
70
Yu cu
1000
1200
1500
Hy phn b cy trng cho ht t ai sao cho m bo yu cu v s lng v tng chi
ph l nh nht.
5. C 2 x nghip sn xut 2 loi sn phm. Bit rng u t 1000 vo x nghip I
trong 1 n v thi gian lm c 1,2 sn phm A v 1,8 sn phm B cn u t 1000
vo x nghip II lm c 1,8 SP A v 0,8 Sp B. Nguyn liu v lao ng cung cp cho
vic sn xut, nh mc nguyn liu lao ng v d tr nguyn liu cho trong bng di
y.Hy tm phng n u t sao cho tng s vn b ra t nht.
Nguyn liu d tr: 400 tn v gio lao ng l 200000 gi
XN
nh mc hao ph LN(kg/SP), lao ng(gi/SP)
A
B
NL
L
NL
L
I
4
2
10
4
II
4,2
3
9
4,5
Yu cu s
21000
20000
lng SP
II .Gii cc bi ton sau bng ph ng php hnh hc
2 x1 + x2
8

21 x +2 x
10
1. f ( X ) = x1 + x2
tha mn x1 x2 4

Min

2 x1 + x2 4

x1 , x2 0

2.
6x1

f(X)=

+ 5x2 M
ax

x1 + x2 2

3x1 2 x2 6
tha mn x1 x2 2
+
x 0
2x 2

x1 , x2 0

B mn Ton - Bi tp Ton Kinh T

Dng cho SV cc lp tn ch!

3. Max ( x1 - x2 ) tha mn

2 x1 3x2 6

2 1x + x2 6
x 2 x 1
1
2

x1 + x2 5
x1 , x2 0

4. Min ( 4x1 + x2 )

III.
Bi
1.

tha mn

Gii cc bi ton sau bng ph ng php n hnh

f ( X ) = x1 x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 x6 Min

x1
3x + x
1 2
4x3

1x

+ x4

+ 6x6 = 9
+ 2x6 = 2
+ x5 + 2x6 = 2

+ 2x3

Bi
2.

x1 2 x2 0

1 x + 22 x 6

3x1 + x2 6
2x x
4
1 +2
x1 , x2 0

x j 0 ; j = 1, 6

f ( X ) = 5x1 + 2x2 + 4x3 + x4 + 5x5 + 3x6 Min

2x1 + x2 +
4x3

4x1

3x 1

0,

+ 3x5

+ 2x3 + x4 + 3x5

= 152

= 60

+ x5 + x6 = 36
xj

j = 1, 6

Bi
3.

f ( X ) = 4x2 2x3 13x4 + 7 x5 + 10x6 Min

x1 3x2 + 2x3 + 13x4 7 x5

12x6

x2 + x3 + 4x4 x5 4x6

0,

Bi
4.

2x2 + x3 2x4 + 2x5 4x6

xj

= 9
= 3
= 9

j = 1, 6

f ( X ) = x1 + x2 x3 M ax

B mn Ton - Bi tp Ton Kinh T

Dng cho SV cc lp tn ch!

Bi
5.

2x + x + 3x + x
1
2
3
4
x + 2x 2x
+x
2

xj
0

j = 1, 5

+ 2x3 + x4 + x5

= 1

x2 + x3 + 2x4 + x5

= 1

xj

j = 1, 5

f ( X ) = 2x1 + x2 + 5x3 + 3x4 Min

x1 + 2x2 +
3x3

= 15

2x1 + x2 + 5x3

= 20

Bi
7.

f ( X ) = 3x1 + 2x2 + 14x3 + 13x4 + 4x5 M ax

x
1

Bi
6.

= 1
= 1

x1 + 2x2 + x3 + x4 = 10
xj

j = 1, 4

f ( X ) = 2x1 + 8x2 + 2x3 M ax

4x x +
1
2
= 7
3x3
= 19
7 x + 5x +

1
2
12x3

x j 0 j = 1, 3

Bi
8.

f ( X ) = 3x1 + 7x2 + 6x3 + 5x4 M ax

x + 2x + 5x +
1
2
3
= 12
3x4
= 7
4x + 3x + 2x

1
2
3
x4

x j 0 j = 1, 4
Bi
9.

f ( X ) = x1 + x2 + 2x3 2x4 4x5 Min

x + x 3x + 2x 2x = 8
1
2
3
4
5

x3 + x4 x5 21
2x1

3x1

+ 5x3 3x4 + 2x5 = 25

2x
1

+ x4 + 4x5 20

B mn Ton - Bi tp Ton Kinh T

xj
0

j = 1, 5

Dng cho SV cc lp tn ch!

Bi
10.

f ( X ) = 2x1 + 3x2 x3 4x4 + 6x5 M ax

2x + x
= 40
1
2
x3

2x3 + 2x4 x5 0
5x1

+ 2x3 4x4 + x5 12
x1
3x
1

Bi
11.

+ 2x3 + x4 + 2x5 14
x j 0 j = 1, 5

f ( X ) = 2x1 + x2 3x3 + x4 Min

2x + x +
1
2
+ x4 = 6
4x3

5x1 + 2x2 + 2x3 + = 10

x4

x j 0 j = 1, 4

Bi
12.

f ( X ) = 2x1 + x2 + 3x3 x4 Min

x1 2x2

Bi
13.

+ x4 = 16

x2 + x3 4x4 8
x 2 + 3x3 2x4 20
x j 0 j = 1, 4

f ( X ) = 2x1 + 4x2 + x3 + x4 M ax

x1 + 3x2

+ x4

3
2x1 + x2
x2 + 4x3 + x4 3

Bi
14.

x j 0 j = 1, 4

f ( X ) = 2x1 + 4x2 + x3 + x4 M ax

x1 + 3x2

+ x4

3
2x1 + x2

x2 + 4x3 + x4 3

Bi
15.

x j 0 j = 1, 4

f ( X ) = 2x1 + 5x2 + x3 2x4 M ax

B mn Ton - Bi tp Ton Kinh T

Dng cho SV cc lp tn ch!

 3x
1

4x1

2x
1

Bi
16.

5 x4 23

+ x3

4x4

x2 2x3

+ 2x3

+ x3

36

+ 2x4 = 14
3x4

12

x j 0 j = 1, 4

f ( X ) = x1 + 5x2 x3 Min

x1 x + 4x + 3 x 8
2
3
4

3x1 5x2 + 2
x3

Bi
17.

2 x4 2

6 x 2 4x3

x j 0 j = 1, 4

5x4

f ( X ) = 2x1 2x2 + 3x3 + x4 3x5 Min

4x
1
x1

2x3 + x4 4x5 = 8
+ 2x4 x5 20
6x3 + x4 + 3x5 = 15

x x
x + x4 2x5 = 14
1 + 2+ 3

x j 0 j = 1, 5

a) Gii bi ton trn bng phng php n hnh.

b) C th kt lun g trong trng hp f ( X ) Max
c) Tm phng n X sao cho

f ( X ) = 27
f ( X ) = x1 + x3 x4 Min

Bi 18. Cho bi ton vi tham s :

x1 + x2 +
12x3

2x1

2 x4 + 4x5 = 9

+ 8x3 + (1 ) x4 +
2x5

x1

0,

+ ( 1) x4
xj

= 14

= 4

j = 1, 5

a) Bit x l mt phng n cc bin ng vi c s A , A , A . Hy lp bng n

hnh ng vi x .
b) T bng n hnh lp, hy tm tt c cc gi tr ca sao cho x l phng n
ti u.
c) Gii bi ton cho vi =1 v =3.
Bi 19. Cho bi ton vi tham s :

B mn Ton - Bi tp Ton Kinh T

f ( X ) = x2 3x4 + x5 + 6x6 Min

Dng cho SV cc lp tn ch!

 x1 x2 +
4x3

x6

0,

2 x4

+ 12x5 +11x6 = 9

2x2 + 2x3 + (1 ) x4 + 8x5 +14 = 14

x2

+ 3x6 = 4

+ ( 1) x4
xj

j = 1, 6

1) Bit x l mt phng n cc bin ng vi c s A , A , A . Hy lp bng n

hnh ng vi x .
2) Tm tt c cc gi tr ca sao cho x l phng n ti u.
3) Gii bi ton cho vi =1 v =-1.
CHNG II: BI TON I NGU
Bi 1. Vit bi ton i ngu? Ch ra cc cp i ngu ca cc bi ton sau:
a)
g(Y ) = 7 y1 + 6 y2 + 4 y3
M ax

b)
ax

tho mn

2
y1 + 2 y2 + 5 y3

3 y1 y2 + y3 3

+
4
2 y1 3 y2 2 y3

y1 + 3 y2 + 2 y3 2
f ( X ) = 2x1 + x2 3x3 + x4 M

tho mn

2x + x +
1
2
+ 2x4 = 2
3x3

4x1 x2 + 2x3 x4 = 5

x j 0 j = 1,
4

3x + x 2 x 4
2
3
1


4 x1 x2 + 3x3 2
c)
f ( X ) = 6x1 + 3x2 x3 tho mn
Min

2 x1 + x2 x3 4

x 2x2 + 3x3 5
1
x 0 j = 1, 3
j

d)
ax

4x1 x2 + 3x3 x4 2

+
+

2x1 3x2 x3 2 x4 5
x1 + x2 + 3x3 + x4 3

f ( X ) = 2x1 x2 + 3x3 4x4 M tho mn

2 x + 2x x = 6
x
3
4
1 2
3x1 + x2 + 4 x3 + 2 x4 10

x j 0 j = 1, 4

B mn Ton - Bi tp Ton Kinh T

Dng cho SV cc lp tn ch!

Bi 2. Cho bi
ton

f ( X ) = x1 3x2 + x3 2x4
Min
4x1 + 12
x2

tho mn

+ 3x4 = 24

x1 + 3x2 x3

4x 1 18x2 + 2x3 + 3x4 33

xj 0

j = 1, 4

Chng minh rng x = (0;1;0; 4) l phng n ti u ca bi ton.

Bi 3. Cho bi
ton

f ( X ) = 15x1 + 10x2 + 6x3 tho mn

Min
3x1
+ 2 x3 2

x1 + 2x2 + 2x3 3
2 x1 + x2 + x3 2

+
4x1 2x2 2x3 1
x
1
1

x2 0 ,

Bit rng x = (1,

11

x3 0

l phng n ti u ca bi ton cho. Hy tm phong n ti u

)
4 4
ca bi ton i ngu.
x1 + 2 x2 + x3 7
4 x1 + 3x2 6 x3 9

2 x1 x2 8x3 6

Bi 4. Cho bi
ton

f ( X ) = x1 + x2 x3 M tho mn
ax

2 x2 + x3 2

2 x x + 5x3 1
1 2
x1
+ 3x3 1

x3 0

4
3
a) Chng t rng cc phng n x = (4, 6, 1) , y = ( , 0, , 0, theo th t l
0,1)

phng n ti u ca bi ton cho v bi ton i ngu ca n.

b) Tm cc tp phng n ti u ca bi ton cho v bi ton i ngu ca n.

B mn Ton - Bi tp Ton Kinh T

Dng cho SV cc lp tn ch!

Bi 5. Cho bi
ton

f ( X ) = x1 + x2 2x3 3x4 + 4x5

Min

9
x

2x +
1

x + 4x

3
2
3

tho mn

x 7
5

+ x x 42
1
2
4
2 5
1
1
x +x
x = 5
3
2 2
2 5
x j 0 , j = 1, 5

a) Gii bi ton bng phng php n hnh.

b) Tm li gii cho bi ton i ngu.
f ( X ) = 4x1 4x2 + 2x3 3x4 2x5 2x6 M
Bi 6. Cho bi
ton
ax
3x1 2x2 + x3

x1

5x1

+ 2x5

+ 5x3 + 3x4 x5
4x3

= 8
= 3

+ x5 + x6 = 5

x1, x3 , x5
0
a) Vit bi ton i ngu, ch ra cp rng buc i ngu.
b) Xc nh phng n ti u ca bi ton gc.
f ( X ) = 5x1 9x2 + 5x3 + 7x4 + 3x5 Min
Bi 7. Cho bi
ton
2x1 + 6x2
2x3

8x1

2x4 + x5 4

+ 2x3 + 4x4 x5 = 20

x 1 x2 + x3

x j j = 2,

0 5

x5 1

tho mn

a) Chng t rng phng n x = (0,1, 0,5, 0) l phng n ti u ca bi ton cho.

Tm tp phng n ti u ca bi ton i ngu.
b) Hy tm tt c cc phng n ti u ca bi ton cho c thnh phn x3 = 4 .
Bi 8. Cho bi ton vi tham s
f ( X ) = 4x1 + 10x2 + 2 x3 8x4 + 9x5 + x6 4x7 Min
2x1

+ x3 2x4 + 2 x5

2x1 2x2 + 2x3 + 4x4

3x5

4x1 + 3x2 2x3

2x4

xj

6x7 = 7
+ x6

= 7

+ x5 + x6 22x7 = 20

j = 1, 7

a) Tm gi tr ca x = (

11

, 0, 0,

3
, 0, 0, ) l phng n ti u ca bi ton

cho.

2
2
2
b) Trong trng hp x khng l phng n ti u, c th ni g v bi ton cho v
bi ton i ngu ca n.
B mn Ton - Bi tp Ton Kinh T

Dng cho SV cc lp tn ch!

CHNG III: BI TON VN TI

Gii cc bi ton vn ti sau:

Bi
1.
T
P
30
40
70
Bi 2.
T
P
110
110
80
Bi 3.

P
250
790
670
340

20

50

50

20

6
4
1

2
6
5

4
3
8

6
8
7

50

90

90

70

7
2
6

8
4
4

5
5
1

3
9
2

220

320

540

650

4
7
9
7

5
5
8
6

3
4
3
6

5
9
4
2

Bi 4.
T
P
50
200
100
200

150

80

180

60

80

7
7
13
14

4
15
6
22

17
10
14
17

5
11
16
16

8
30
20
35

35

75

40

70

80

7
9
8
10

10
4
7
7

1
10
5
3

9
11
6
13

12
5
8
9

Bi 5.
T
P
60
85
48
107

Bi 6.
B mn Ton - Bi tp Ton Kinh T

Dng cho SV cc lp tn ch!

10

T
P
60
75
45
80

40

80

75

50

55

8
7
2
11

6
3
10
5

4
9
7
8

5
6
8
12

7
10
4
9

Bi 7.
T
P
70
30
60
40

35

15

65

25

40

20

4
10
12
13

7
5
6
5

7
2
4
11

10
3
11
6

11
8
9
7

6
9
7
5

Bi 8.
T
P
80
120
80
50
Bi 9.
T
P
27
32
43
28

Bi
1.

54

37

49

120

70

4
7
9
2

5
5
7
6

3
3
M
4

2
4
2
3

7
M
5
6

14

15

6
12
5
7

3
11
6
9

4
16
4
10

16
3
14
7
11

17
5
16
4
9

20

23

7
13
5
6

9
17
6
9

CHNG IV: BI TON SN XUT

NG B Gii cc bi ton ng
b sau y:
Chi tit

My
A:1
B:1
C:1
D:1

25

CT1
1
63
103
720
173

B mn Ton - Bi tp Ton Kinh T

CT2
1
240
61
360
120

Dng cho SV cc lp tn ch!

CT3
1
160
200
161
240

11

Bi 2.
Chi tit

CT1
1
120
36
180
60

My
A:1
B:1
C:1
D:1
Bi 3.
Chi tit
My
A:1
B:1
C:1
D:1
Bi 4.
Chi tit
My
A:5
B:4
C:6
D:8
Bi 5.
Chi tit
My
A:1
B:5
C:2
D:1

CT2
1
80
100
82
120

CT1
2
76
160
180
200

CT2
1
50
34
36
32

CT1
1
3
8
6
5

CT2
1

CT3
1

CT2
1
0
32
28
128

CT4
2
80
48
60
160

7
6
6
4

CT1
2

B mn Ton - Bi tp Ton Kinh T

CT3
3
105
72
108
96

5
6
3
2

54
96
62
242

CT3
1
61
91
36
102

CT4
1
8
6
5
10

CT3
1
108
14
0
96

Dng cho SV cc lp tn ch!

CT4
3
54
15
51
192

12