Nh my lm lnh kh

Ni dung
Trong m phng ny, m hnh ha mt phin bn n gin ca nh my lm lnh kh. Mc ch cng ngh tch kh nhit thp, ti nhit im sng ca hydrocacbon. Kh kh c nhit im sng khng vt qu -15oC 6000 kPa. Kh nguyn liu vo c lm lnh hai cp, u tin qua thit b trao i nhit kh-kh vi dng kh kh sn phm, sau vo cng on lm lnh bng Propan. Trng thi cn bng c s dng tnh ton nhit im sng ca dng hi sn phm 6000 kPa

Mc ch
Khi hon thnh bi ny, bn c th: - Ci t v la chn loi thit b trao i nhit - Hiu c cc cng c h tr tnh ton trong hysys logical Balance (cn bng) v Adjust (hiu chnh) - S dng thanh cng c thao tc trn case m phng

Yu cu
Trc khi bt u bi ny bn cn phi bit cch: - To mt Fluid Package - Thm dng - Thm cc thit b vn hnh trong PFD

Qui trnh chung

Xy dng m phng
Xc nh c s m phng (Simulation Basic) Trong case ny s s dng phng trnh trng thi Peng Robinson vi thnh phn sau N2, H2S, CO2, C1, C2, C3, i-C4, n-C4, i-C5, nC5, C6, C7+* v H2O. 1. Bt u mt case mi 2. Nhp the Fluid Package, GasPlant, lu trong module 1 Nhp dng v thit b Nhp dng nguyn liu (feed stream) Nhp dng nguyn liu vi cc gi tr di y: Trong ny: Name Temperature Pressure Flow Rate N2 H2S CO2 C1 C2 C3 i-C4 n-C4 i-C5 n-C5 C6 C7+ H2O Nhp gi tr sau: to Refrig 15oC (60oF) 6200 kPa (900 psia) 1440 kgmole/h (3175 lbmol/hr) 0.0066 0.0003 0.0003 0.7575 0.1709 0.0413 0.0068 0.0101 0.0028 0.0027 0.0006 0.0001 0

Thnh phn phn mol cc cu t

Nhp thit b tch (Separator) C vi cch a thit b vo s . thc hin, xem Adding Unit Operations to a Flowsheet, Module 2 - n phm nng F12, chn thit b m phng cn thit t nhm thit b sn c. - Kch p vo biu tng thit b m phng trong Object Palette Thm thit b tch v nhp cc thng tin sau vo cc tng ng Trong ny: Name Feed Vapour Outlet Liquid Outlet Nhp thng tin sau: Inlet Gas Sep To Refrig Inlet Sep Vap Inlet Sep Liq

Thm thit b trao i nhit (heat exchanger)

Biu tng thit b trao i nhit bng nng lng. Thit b trao i nhit c th tnh ton nhit ,

Thit b trao i nhit thc hin tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn p sut, dng nhit (bao gm c tn tht v mt mt nhit), lu lng dng vt cht v UA 1. Kch p vo nt thit b trao i nhit trn Object Palette 2. Trn Conections Page nhp cc thng tin di y

Cc dng ti Tube Side v Shell Side c th t cc Flowsheet khc nhau, v vy bn c th s dng Steam package cho side ny v PR cho side kia ca trao i nhit.

3. Chuyn sang Parameters Page. Hon thnh trang ny nh trong hnh di y. S chnh lch p sut gia thnh ng v lp v trong thc t tng ng l 5 psi v 1 psi

M hnh thit b trao i nhit xc nh nh sau: - Weight (Phng php khi lng): Cc ng cong gia nhit b ct thnh cc khong nh, trong c s trao i nng lng ring bit. LMTD v UA c tnh ton cho mi khong trong ng cong nhit v tng cng s trao i nhit UA ton phn. Phng php khi lng ch ng cho loi thit b trao i nhit ngc dng (Counter-Current). - Endpoint : LMTD v UA c tnh ton t ch dng vo, dng ra. Trng hp n gin, khi khng c s thay i pha v Cp gn bng hng s th la chn ny l ph hp. 4. Vo Specs Page Trong trnh t tnh ton thit b trao i nhit, cc tham s cha bit (lu lng dng, nhit ) c iu khin bng chng trnh tnh. Mi tham s c trng s lm gim s bc t do i mt. S tham s c trng phi bng s bin cha bit. Trong case s bc t do bng 0 v s c tnh ton. Hai tham s c trng cn cho thit b trao i nhit: - Cn bng nhit bng 0, y l sai lch ca tham s c trng m bo cho phng trnh cn bng nhit. y l cc tham s mc
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nh, lun lun c th c thm bi Hysys v vy bn khng cn phi cung cp chng. - Gi tr nh nht xp x 5oC, y l chnh lch nhit thp nht gia dng nng v dng lnh. 5. u tin bn cn b kch hot tham s UA, lm c iu ny bn cn kch vo Active, chn hp thoi cho tham s UA 6. Thm tham s, n nt Add, c bng hin th cc tham s

7. Cung cp cc thng tin di y: Trong ny Name Type Pass Spec Value Nhp thng tin Temp Approach Min Approach Overall 5C (10F)

Khi bn thay i loi tham s, bng thng bo s thay i theo. Thng tin c cung cp mt ln, thng bo s nh sau:

Lu lng ca dng kh ti b lm lnh l bao nhiu?

Hon thnh m phng Thm hai thit b vo s khi hon thnh m phng 1. Thm b lm lnh (cooler), cung cp cc thng tin di y Trong ny Connections Name Feed Stream Product Stream Energy Stream Parameters Pressure Drop 35 kPa (5 psia) Chiller Gas to Chiller Gas to LTS Chiller Q Nhp thng tin

2. Thm thit b tch (seperator), vi cc thng tin di y Trong ny Connections Name Feed Stream Vapour Outlet Liquid Outlet LTS Gas to LTS LTS Vap LTS Liq Nhp thng tin

tnh ton thit b tch LTS yu cu cung cp nhng thng tin g? Nhit nguyn liu LTS s khc nhau, s dng cng c (Adjust) hiu chnh trong mc sau tm ra nhit im sng, gi tr nhit ca dng Gas to LTS l -20oC ( -4oF).

p sut ca Sales Gas l bao nhiu? Nhit ca Sales Gas l bao nhiu?

Thm Balance (cn bng) Tnh ton cn bng cung cp mc tiu chung ca c trng cn bng nhit v vt cht. C cc loi cn bng khc nhau trong Hysys. - Mole - cn bng tng cng c thc hin khi lu lng dng phn t trong mi thnh phn c bo ton. Dng ra c lu lng v thnh phn ging nh dng vo, nhng khng bao gm thnh phn hi, gi tr nhit hoc p sut. - Khi lng (mass) - cn bng tng cng thc hin ch khi bo ton khi lng dng. Dng ra s khng bao gm thnh phn, thnh phn hi, nhit , hoc p sut - Nhit (heat) - cn bng tng cng c thc hin khi dng nhit bo ton - Mole v nhit (mole and heat) - cn bng tng cng c thc hin khi dng nhit v dng mole c bo ton Xem xt cc tham s cho kh sn phm (Sales Gas). Cc tham s dng hi c tnh ton, v vy bn khng c cch no c th tnh nhit im sng ca dng 6000 kPa. Thm cn bng mole, bn c th to ra dng hi th hai vi lu lng mole v thnh phn nh Sales Gas nhng khng c cng thnh phn hi, nhit hoc p sut 1. Kch p vo biu tng Balance trn Object Palette
Biu tng Balance

2. Thm cc thng tin sau Trong ny Nhp thng tin Mole Sales Gas HC Dewpoint On

Balance s khng tnh ton tr khi Auto Calculation c chn trong check box

Connections Name Inlet Stream Outlet Stream Auto Calculation

3. t gi tr p sut 6000 kPa (875 psia) cho nhit im sng ca hi HC 4. t thnh phn hi tnh nhit im sng

Nhit im sng l g? Nhit im sng yu cu l -15oC, nhit im sng hin ti cao hn hay thp hn? Gi s p sut c nh, thng s khc nh hng th no n nhit im sng? Thay i nhit im sng nh th no trong m phng?

Thm Adjust (hiu chnh) Tnh ton hiu chnh l tnh ton logic, tnh ton ton hc hn l vt l. N s bin i gi tr cc bin ca mt dng hi (bin c lp), t gi tr yu cu hoc tham s (bin ph thuc) ca dng hi khc hoc thit b m phng khc.
Biu tng Adjust

1. Kch p vo biu tng Adjust trn Object Palette, giao din tnh cht ca Adjust s c hin th

Bin c hiu chnh lun lun s dng cc gi tr c ngi dng nhp vo.

2. Bm phm Select Var... trong nhm Adjusted Variable m Variable Navigator.

3. T danh sch Object chn Gas to LTS, t danh sch Variable ang hin th trn giao din chn Temperature

4. Bm OK chp nhn bin v tr li giao din ca Adjust 5. Bm phm Select Vartrong Target Variable 6. Chn nhit im sng trong Target Variable 7. Nhp gi tr -15oC ( 5oF) trong hp Specified Target Value 8. Hon thnh Connections Tab c ch ra hnh sau:

9. Chuyn sang Parameters Tab, v cc tham s gi tr mc nh

Ch cc gi tr Tolerance v Step Size. Khi chn khong tnh thng s dng khong rng hn khong hp, nh trong hnh trn khong nhit s dng l 10oC. Phng php Secant thc hin nhanh hn, thng c s dng ph bin. 10. n phm Start bt u tnh ton 11. xem kt qu tnh ca Adjust, vo Monitor Page

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Nhit u ra ca b lm lnh bng bao nhiu t c nhit im sng cho? Lu li case m bn hon thnh. Chuyn case thnh template v lu li.

Phn tch cc kt qu
Sau khi ghi template, bn hy ng template li v m case c lu li v phn tch cc kt qu nhn c.

S dng Case Study Thanh cng c Case Study dn bn ti m hnh tnh p ng cc thng s cng ngh quan trng thay i trong qu trnh. Bn chn mt bin c lp thay i v cc bin ph thuc khc. HYSYS tnh ton ng thi cc bin ph thuc, vi mi thay i, cc bin ph thuc c tnh ton. Thay cho vic s dng cng c Adjust tm ra nhit nguyn liu LTS cn thit t c nhit im sng ca hydrocacbon, bn c th s dng Case Study kim tra khong nhit ca LTS v cc nhit im sng Trc khi ci t Case Study phi tt Adjust n khng xung t Bt k mt thit b vi Case Study
hoc cng c tnh ton no s c loi khi chn Ignore trong hp thoi

1. M bng thng bo hiu chnh Adjust 2. Chn Ignored trong hp thoi 3. ng bng thng bo hiu chnh 4. T danh sch cc thanh cng c chn Databook hoc s dng phm nng Ctrl+D m Databook

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C bin c lp v bin ph thuc u nhp vo Databook t Variables Tab

5. Trn Variables tab, bm vo phm Insert m Variable Navigator 6. Chn Gas to LTS Temperature nh bin u tin 7. Bm phm Add nhp thm bin. Thao tc ny s ri trong Variable Navigator thm vo bin th hai 8. Chn HC Dewpoint Temperature v bm phm Add 9. ng bng thng bo ny tr v Databook 10. Trong mc Databook, chuyn ti Case Studies tab 11. Bm phm Add thm mt Case Study mi 12. Chn Gas to LTS Temperature nh mt bin c lp (Ind) HC Dewpoint Temperature nh l bin ph thuc (Dep)

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13. Bm phm View ci t Case Study 14. Nhp cc gi tr cho Low Bound, High Bound, Step Size tng ng vi -25oC (-20oF), 5oC (10oF) v 5oC (10oF)

15. Bm phm Start bt u tnh ton

Khong nhit no s tho mn gi tr nhit im sng ca hydrocacbon?

Nh vy Bn hon thnh vi Case Study, tnh ton bng cng c Adjust khi khng chn Ignored trong hp thoi.

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M hnh ha nng cao

Kt ni chu trnh lm lnh Propan vi nh my x l kh Bn hon thnh v d v nh my lm lnh kh, bn c th kt ni n vi chu trnh lm lnh Propan. Cng sut ca b lm lnh, Chiller Q trong nh my x l kh s c kt ni vi cng sut ca b lm lnh Chill-Q trong chu trnh lm lnh Propan 1. Kch p vo biu tng Sub- Flowsheet trn Object Palette
Biu tng Sub- Flowsheet

2. Chn phm Read an Existing Template 3. M file Template lu trong Module 2 C3Loop.tpl 4. Trong nhm Feed Connections to Sub-Flowsheet, ni External Stream, Chiller Q vi Internal Stream Chill Q

Khi hon thnh vic kt ni, c hai dng (Internal v External) s c chung mt tn l dng External Stream.

Lu lng dng propane trong Chu trnh lm lnh l bao nhiu?

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Luyn tp vi m phng
Bi tp 1 Gi tr UA cho thit b trao i nhit kh-kh l 2e5 kJ/C.h. To nhng thay i cn thit vi thit k thit b trao i nhit ca bn t c gi tr UA ny. N nh hng th no n LMTD v nhit gn ng?

Thc hnh Trong xy dng nh my lm lnh kh v chu trnh m lnh bng Propan, bn quyt nh nhng vic lm n gin v thm vo tnh ton b lm lnh n trong m hnh tnh ca thit b trao i nhit kiu ng v v, l nhng vn thc t trong nh my. Nhng bi tp n gin ny l nhng vic s b ban u. By gi, ng ch ca bn mun bn thay th b lm lnh vi thit b trao i nhit kiu ng v v. Nh rng HYSYS s gip bn kt ni cc dng t Flowsheet khc ti thit b trao i nhit. S dng chc nng ny, bn c th tnh ton gii quyt vn ny ch vi mt thit b trao i nhit trong nh my lm lnh kh

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